Podcasts about landau zener

In this lecture, the professor discussed about quantized spin in a magnetic field and Landau-Zener problem.

In this lecture, the professor reviewed Landau-Zener problem; discussed density matrix formalism for arbitrary two-level systems; and started the new chapter "Atoms".

This thesis is concerned with open quantum systems, and more specifically, quantum impurity models. By this we mean a small local quantum system in contact with a macroscopic non-interacting environment. This can be used to model individual impurities in metals and quantum information systems where the influence from the surrounding environment is not negligible. The numerical renormalization group (NRG) is the traditional method to study quantum impurity models. However its application is limited when dealing with real-time dynamics and bosonic systems. In recent years some of NRG's techniques have been introduced to the density matrix renormalization group method (DMRG), which itself is the most powerful numerical method to study one-dimensional quantum systems. The resulting method shows great potential, and this thesis explores and extends the power of the NRG+DMRG combination in treating open quantum systems. We focus mainly on two types of problem. The first is an open quantum system with a time-dependent Hamiltonian, which for example could be the theoretical description of various problems encountered in qubit manipulation. We combine NRG discretization and adaptive time-dependent DMRG (t-DMRG) to study the dissipative Landau-Zener problem. We also use this method to study the quantum decoherence process and the dynamical properties of the telegraph noise model. The results show that the NRG and t-DMRG combination is a fast, accurate and versatile method for such problems. The second type of problem we study involves the quantum critical properties of one- and two-bath spin-boson models. Unlike fermion and spin models, models with bosons are difficult to treat numerically as each boson basis has an infinite number of dimensions. By introducing the optimal boson basis into the variational matrix product state method (VMPS), which is a variant of DMRG, we can deal with an effective local boson basis as large as $10^{10}$. This is the crucial improvement over NRG which can only deal with at most a few dozen local basis states. With this powerful tool we have settled a controversy about the nature of the quantum phase transition in a sub-Ohmic spin-boson model regarding quantum to classical mapping. There, NRG fails to yield the right result due to the highly truncated local boson basis. We also explore the phase diagram of the two-bath spin-boson model and find a new critical phase. We demonstrate that NRG+VMPS with optimal boson basis represents a powerful setting to study quantum impurity models with a bosonic environment.

The main topic of this thesis is the study of many-body effects in strongly correlated one- or quasi one-dimensional condensed matter systems. These systems are characterized by strong quantum and thermal fluctuations, which make mean-field methods fail and demand for a fully numerical approach. Fortunately, a numerical method exist, which allows to treat unusually large one -dimensional system at very high precision. This method is the density-matrix renormalization group method (DMRG), introduced by Steve White in 1992. Originally limited to the study of static problems, time-dependent DMRG has been developed allowing one to investigate non-equilibrium phenomena in quantum mechanics. In this thesis I present the solution of three conceptionally different problems, which have been addressed using mostly the Krylov-subspace version of the time-dependent DMRG. My findings are directly relevant to recent experiments with ultracold atoms, also carried out at LMU in the group of Prof. Bloch. The first project aims the ultimate goal of atoms in optical lattices, namely, the possibility to act as a quantum simulator of more complicated condensed matter system. The underline idea is to simulate a magnetic model using ultracold bosonic atoms of two different hyperfine states in an optical superlattice. The system, which is captured by a two-species Bose-Hubbard model, realizes in a certain parameter range the physics of a spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain, where the spin exchange constant is given by second order processes. Tuning of the superlattice parameters allows one to controlling the effect of fast first order processes versus the slower second order ones. The analysis is motivated by recent experiments, %cite{Folling2007,Trotzky2008} where coherent two-particle dynamics with ultracold bosonic atoms in isolated double wells were detected. My project investigates the coherent many-particle dynamics, which takes place after coupling the double well. I provide the theoretical background for the next step, the observation of coherent many-particle dynamics after coupling the double wells. The tunability between the Bose-Hubbard model and the Heisenberg model in this setup could be used to study experimentally the differences in equilibration processes for non-integrable and Bethe ansatz integrable models. It turns out that the relaxation in the Heisenberg model is connected to a phase averaging effect, which is in contrast to the typical scattering driven thermalization in nonintegrable models In the second project I study a many-body generalization of the original Landau-Zener formula. This formula gives the transition probability between the two states of a quantum mechanical two-level system, where the offset between the two levels is varying linearly in time. In a recent experiment this framework has been extended to a many-body system consisting of pairwise tunnel-coupled one-dimensional Bose liquids. It was found that the tunnel coupling between the tubes and the intertube interactions strongly modify the original Landau-Zener picture. After a introduction to the two-level and the three-level Landau-Zener problem I present my own results for the quantum dynamics of the microscopic model and the comparison to the experimental results. I have calculated both Landau-Zener sweeps as well as the time-evolution after sudden quenches of the energy offset. A major finding is that for sufficiently large initial density quenches can be efficiently used to create quasi-thermal states of arbitrary temperatures. The third project is more mathematical and connects the fields of quantum computation and of quantum information. Here, the main purpose is to analyse systematically the effects of decoherence on maximally entangled multi-partite states, which arise typically during quantum computation processes. The bigger the number of entangled qubits the more fragile is its entanglement under the influence decoherence. As starting point I consider first two entangled qubits, whereby one qubit interacts with an arbitrary environment. For this particular case I have derived a factorization law for the disentanglement. Next, I calculate the decrease of entanglement of two , three and four entangled qubits, general $W$- and general $GHZ$-state, coupled to a global spin-$1/2$ bath or several independent spin-$1/2$ baths , one for each qubit. Although there is no appropriate entanglement measure for three and more qubits, it turns out that this decrease is directly related to the increase of entanglement between the central system and the bath. This implies the formation of a much bigger multipartite entangled network. Thus, using the von Neumann entropy and the Wootters concurrence, I derive a simple upper bound for the bath-induced entanglement breaking power of the initially maximally entangled multi-partite states.