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Open Educational Resources for Teaching and Learning English as Second Language which can be reused, modified, and shared and that provide unconstrained materials for the benefit and the enjoyment of others. https://books4languages.com

Books for Languages

  • Apr 9, 2019 LATEST EPISODE
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Latest episodes from Books4Languages (English)

Questions with Shall…?

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 2:05


Shall is a modal verb used in question form to ask for instructions or for formulating requests in a polite way. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/questions-with-shall/

Question Tags formation

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 2:15


A question tag is a small question at the end of a sentence which is used to check information, ask for confirmation (negative tag) or agreement (positive tag). https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/question-tags-formation/

Wh- Questions in Past form

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 3:10


Wh- questions always begin with one of the wh- question words (interrogative pronouns), which show what kind of information is wanted {see Wh- Questions, A1 Level}. We can also use them to ask questions about the past. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/wh-questions-in-past-form/

Wh- Questions words: Who…?

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 1:23


Wh- questions always begin with one of the wh- question words (interrogative pronouns), which show what kind of information is wanted {see Wh- Questions, A1 Level}. The pronoun who is used to ask about the subject of the action. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/wh-questions-words-who/

Phrasal Verbs

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 2:27


A phrasal verb is a two-part verb formed by a verb and a particle. The particle usually gives a whole new meaning to the verb. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/phrasal-verbs/

Prepositional Phrases

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 2:13


Prepositional phrases are the result of the combination of the prepositions and other elements of the sentence (verbs) {see Prepositional Phrases, A1 Level}. A prepositional verb is every verb followed by a preposition. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/prepositional-phrases/

Common Adjective and Preposition Combinations

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 4:13


Prepositions are essential because they provide additional details about the sentence. Adjectives are determiners that can be placed in two different positions within a sentence to modify or describe a person or a thing. Certain adjectives are used only with specific prepositions. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/common-adjective-and-preposition-combinations/

Quantitative Determiners

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 3:04


Determiners are modifiers of nouns. They can provide information about which and how much/many people, things, animals, places… we are talking about. Quantitative determiners or quantifiers are used to indicate the quantity of something {see Quantitative Determiners, A1 Level}. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/quantitative-determiners/

Intensifiers and Mitigators

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 2:41


Adverbs are expressions that function as modifiers of other elements in the clause. They can provide a wide range of information. Adverbs of degree are used to provide information about the intensity of an action or adjective {see Adverbs of Degree, A1 Level}. Intensifiers and mitigators are part of adverbs of degree. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/intensifiers-and-mitigators/

Comparative Clauses: As … as

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 4:06


Comparisons with adjectives and adverbs are used to compare things, people or actions, expressing the equalities or inequalities between them. The comparative of equality (as…as clause) is used for the same purpose. {see Comparisons with Adjectives and Adverbs, A1 level} https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/comparatives-clauses-as-as/

Prepositions of Possession

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 2:33


Prepositions are small words that connect elements in a sentence. They are essential because they provide additional details about the sentence. Prepositions of possession are used to express that something belongs to a person, animal or thing. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/prepositions-of-possession/

Prepositions of Method and Manner

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 1:56


Prepositions are small words that connect elements in a sentence. They are essential because they provide additional details about the sentence. Prepositions of method and manner are used to explain in what way something is done. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/prepositions-of-method-and-manner/

Prepositions of Place – extension

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 1:55


Prepositions are small words that connect elements in a sentence. They are essential because they provide additional details about the sentence. We use the prepositions of place to locate an event in space. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/prepositions-of-place-extension/

Adverbs of Place

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 2:02


Adverbs are expressions that function as modifiers of other elements in the clause. They can provide a wide range of information. Adverbs of place provide information about the place of an action. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/adverbs-of-place/

Adverbs of Degree

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 3:03


Adverbs are expressions that function as modifiers of other elements in the clause. They can provide a wide range of information. Adverbs of degree or intensifiers are used to provide information about the intensity of an action or adjective {see Adverbs of Degree, A1 level}. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/adverbs-of-degree/

Adverbs of Manner

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 3:14


Adverbs are expressions that function as modifiers of other elements in the clause. They can provide a wide range of information. Adverbs of manner are used to provide information about the way (how) something is done. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/adverbs-of-manner/

Adverbs Formation

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 3:43


Adverbs are expressions that function as modifiers of other elements in the clause. They can provide a wide range of information. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/adverbs-formation/

So that vs So … that

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 2:50


So that and so…that are two different, though similar, constructions which express different things. So that highlights the consequences of an action or purpose. So…that shows extremes leading to certain results. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/so-that-vs-so-that/

One and Ones

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 1:43


One and ones are replacing words that are used to avoid repetition. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/one-and-ones/

May: Modals of Possibility

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 5:17


A modal verb is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that has no meaning on its own but it modifies the main verb, changes its meaning and gives more details about the action. May is a type of auxiliary modal verb used to express the possibility for something to happen and also to ask for or give permission. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/may-modals-of-possibility/

Can and Could: Modals of Ability

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 6:09


A modal verb is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that has no meaning on its own but it modifies the main verb, changes its meaning and gives more details about the action. Could is the past form of the modal verb can. These are types of modal auxiliary verbs used to express the idea of ability or permission {see Can: Modals of Ability, A1 Level}. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/can-and-could-modals-of-ability/

Comparisons with Like

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 1:18


Like as a verb is used to express things we enjoy and take pleasure in. The preposition like is used to make a comparison between two similar or identical things or ideas. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/comparisons-with-like/

Questions with Like

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 1:58


Like as a verb is used to express things we enjoy and take pleasure in. Like can also be used as a preposition to make questions. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/questions-with-like/

Should vs Ought to

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 3:16


Both should and ought to belong to the group of auxiliary modal verbs that have no meaning on their own but they modify the main verb, change its meaning and give more details about the action. Should and ought to are used to express obligation and duty through advice or recommendations. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/should-vs-ought-to/

Ought to: Modal Auxiliary Verb

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 4:22


A modal verb is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that has no meaning on its own but it modifies the main verb, changes its meaning and gives more details about the action. Ought to is a type of auxiliary modal verb used to express obligation and duty through advice or recommendations. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/ought-to-modal-auxiliary-verb/

Should: Modal Auxiliary Verb

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 4:21


A modal verb is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that has no meaning on its own but it modifies the main verb, changes his meaning and gives more details about the action. Should is a type of auxiliary modal verb used to express obligation and duty through advice or recommendations. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/should-modal-auxiliary-verb/

Indefinite Pronouns: Something and Nothing

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 9, 2019 2:34


Pronouns are words used to avoid repetitions of a noun. Indefinite pronouns do not refer to any specific person, thing or amount. Something refers to objects with unspecified quantity while nothing refers to absent objects. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/indefinite-pronouns-something-and-nothing/

Have to: Modals of Obligation

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 6:22


A modal verb is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that has no meaning on its own but it modifies the main verb, changes its meaning and gives more details about actions. Have to is a type of auxiliary modal verb used to express certainty, necessity or strong obligation which comes from outside, from external factors. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/have-to-modals-of-obligation/

Must: Modals of Obligation

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 5:33


A modal verb is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that has no meaning on its own but it modifies the main verb, changes its meaning and gives more details about the action. Must is a type of auxiliary modal verb used to express certainty, necessity or strong obligation which doesn’t come from outside, it’s a personal opinion. It also expresses prohibition in the negative form. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/must-modals-of-obligation/

Prepositions of Place

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 4:30


Prepositions are small words that connect elements in a sentence. They are essential because they provide additional details about the sentence. We use prepositions of place to locate an event in a space frame {see Common Prepositions of Time and Place, A1 level}. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/prepositions-of-place/

Prepositions of Movement

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 3:24


Prepositions are small words that connect elements in a sentence. They are essential because they provide additional details about the sentence. We use prepositions of movement to express movement or directions. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/prepositions-of-movement/

Prepositions of Time

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 4:09


Prepositions are small words that connect elements in a sentence. They are essential because they provide additional details about the sentence. We use prepositions of time to locate an event in a time frame {see Common Prepositions of Time and Place, A1 level}. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/prepositions-of-time/

Invariant Plural Nouns

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 3:08


Nouns refer to a person, place, thing, event, substance or quality. Invariant nouns are nouns which have the same singular and plural form. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/invariant-plural-nouns/

A few vs A little and Few vs Little

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 2:01


A few/a little and few/little are quantifiers which mean not enough or some/enough. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/a-few-vs-a-little-and-few-vs-little/

Uncountable Nouns

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 3:36


Nouns refer to a person, place, thing, event, substance or quality. Uncountable nouns are nouns which cannot be counted easily or what we refer to as a mass {see Countable and Uncountable Nouns, A1 level}. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/uncountable-nouns/

The Infinitive of Purpose

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 1:34


We can use the to-infinitive structure to express someone’s purpose (the reason or the aim of an action). https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/the-infinitive-of-purpose/

Verbs followed by Gerunds and Infinitives

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 2:40


There are some verbs that need to be followed by a gerund or infinitive. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/verbs-followed-by-gerunds-and-infinitives/

Active and Passive Adjectives

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 2:02


Adjectives are determiners that can be placed in two different positions within a sentence to modify or describe a person or a thing. Adjectives can be used with active or passive voice. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/active-and-passive-adjectives/

To be used to Interrogative

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 2:13


To be used to is a structure used to express habits and customs that are familiar to us. The interrogative form is used to ask questions about the subject’s customs. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/to-be-used-to-interrogative/

To be used to Negative

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 2:33


To be used to is a structure used to express habits and customs that are familiar to us. When expressed in its negative form, the verb denies that the subject has some customs. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/to-be-used-to-negative/

To be used to Affirmative

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 2:26


To be used to is a structure used to express habits and customs that are familiar to us. When expressed in its affirmative form, the verb confirms that the subject has some customs. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/to-be-used-to-affirmative/

Temporal Subordinate Clauses

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 3:37


Temporal clauses are part of the adverbial clauses which are composed of independent and dependent clauses, linked by connectors. The connectors of temporal clauses refer to a specific point in time. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/temporal-subordinate-clauses/

Adverbs of Frequency

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 3:31


Adverbs are nouns that function as modifiers of other elements of the clause. They can provide a wide range of information. Adverbs of frequency are used to provide information about the frequency of an event {see Adverbs of Frequency, A1 level}. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/adverbs-of-frequency/

Adverbs of Time

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 2:27


Adverbs are nouns that function as modifiers of other elements of the clause. They can provide a wide range of information. Adverbs of time are used to provide information about the time. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/adverbs-of-time/

First Conditional

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 3:15


A conditional sentence is usually composed of two parts: the if-clause (or conditional clause) that expresses the condition, and the main clause that expresses the consequence of that condition. First conditional is used to express future conditions and consequences or to express something that is possible to happen. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/first-conditional/

Zero Conditional

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 2:56


A conditional sentence is usually composed of two parts: the if-clause (or conditional clause) that expresses the condition, and the main clause that expresses the consequence of that condition. We use the zero conditional structure when the result of the condition is always true. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/zero-conditional/

Past Continuous Interrogative

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 7:24


The past continuous (or progressive) is the tense used to express situations that take place in the past and were in progress at any moment during a period of time. When expressed in its interrogative form, it is used to make questions about things that were happening in a past period of time. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/past-continuous-interrogative/

Past Continuous Negative

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 7:36


The past continuous (or progressive) is the tense used to express situations that occurred in the past and were in progress at any moment during a period of time. When expressed in its negative form, the verb denies that something was happening in a past period of time. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/past-continuous-negative/

Past Continuous Affirmative

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 7:04


The past continuous (or progressive) is the tense used to express situations that occurred in the past and were in progress at any moment during a period of time. When expressed in its affirmative form, the verb confirms that something was happening in a past period of time. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/past-continuous-affirmative/

Relative Pronouns of Place and Time

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 2:12


Pronouns are words used to avoid repetitions of a noun {see Subject Pronouns, A1 Level}. Relative pronouns are used to introduce relative clauses. They refer to place and time by replacing the subject expressed in the main clause to avoid the repetition of it in the relative clauses {see Relative Pronouns, A1 Level}. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/relative-pronouns-of-place-and-time/

Relative Pronouns of People and Things

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2019 2:21


Pronouns are words used to avoid repetitions of a noun {see Subject Pronoums, A1 Level}. Relative pronouns are used to introduce relative clauses. They refer to people or things by replacing the subject expressed in the main clause to avoid the repetition of it in the relative clause {see Relative Pronouns, A1 level}. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/relative-pronouns-of-people-and-things/

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