Podcasts about countable

Anche questa settimana, nella prima parte della puntata, ci occuperemo di attualità. Per prima cosa, parleremo delle minacce di Trump di voler conquistare la Groenlandia e il Canale di Panama, e di fare del Canada il 51° stato degli Stati Uniti. Successivamente, commenteremo l'enorme diffusione di bugie e disinformazione legata ai tragici eventi di Los Angeles. Nel segmento scientifico della trasmissione, approfondiremo i risultati di un rapporto secondo cui le temperature globali nel 2024 hanno raggiunto livelli record, superando di 1,5°C la media preindustriale. Infine, scopriremo se gli alberi di Natale sono sicuri da mangiare.    Il primo dialogo della seconda parte del programma sarà ricco di esempi sull'argomento di oggi: Countable and Uncountable Nouns. Il secondo dialogo illustrerà, invece, l'uso di un'altra espressione italiana molto usata: Non corre buon sangue. - I leader mondiali alle prese con le minacce di Trump di prendere il controllo della Groenlandia e del Canale di Panama - Bugie, disinformazione e politica dietro la copertura degli incendi in California - Il costante aumento della temperatura globale ha raggiunto il culmine nel 2024, superando la soglia di 1,5°C - Gli alberi di Natale sono sicuri da mangiare? - Il vino senza alcol arriva in Italia - In Trentino arrivano i cassonetti anti orso

La ricordi bene questa regolata? Anche le sue irregolarità? Vediamola un 5 minuti!

Washington, DC Journalist Matt Laslo returns to The Good Trouble Show with his recorded interviews with lawmakers, both Democrat and Republican, in Congress on the stripping of The Schumer Amendment. This legislation was written by Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and Republican Mike Rounds and would have brought transparency and accountability from The Pentagon to the UFO / UAP topic.Based on Capitol Hill, Matt Laslo is a journalist who's been covering campaigns and every aspect of federal policy since 2006. He's a WIRED magazine contributor, covering everything from data privacy and crypto to Big Tech and UFOs (or UAPs). Since moving from music to the political beat, Laslo's been a contributor with VICE News, VICE News Tonight (HBO), Rolling Stone, Raw Story, The Daily Beast.. He also runs The LCB (Laslo Congressional Bureau)—a wire service that's brought Washington to life for millions of (public radio) listeners and readers nationwide. Since 2009, he's served on the board of the Regional Reporters Association where he helps represent the dwindling numbers of local reporters based in Washington. In 2011, Laslo graduated cum-laude from the Johns Hopkins University's MA in Government program—where he's been an adjunct political communications professor since 2016. He's also taught comms. and/or journalism at Boston University (MA), George Washington University (MA) and the University of Maryland (BA). He can be found on most all social media platforms as @MattLaslo. Laslo's also had bylines in Billboard, The Atlantic, Campaigns and Elections Magazine, Countable, GEN Medium, NBC Think (their non-partisan opinion vertical), OZY.com, The Chattanooga Courier, The Chattanooga Times Free Press, The Guardian (op-eds under his professor cap), The News of Delaware County, The Metro, The Omaha World-Herald, The Trace, This American Life, Thompson Reuters (op-eds), USA Today and Washingtonian Magazine, among others. #ufoキャッチャー The Good Trouble Show:Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TheGoodTroubleShowYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@TheGoodTroubleShowTwitter: https://twitter.com/GoodTroubleShowInstagram: @goodtroubleshowTikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@goodtroubleshowThreads: https://www.threads.net/@thegoodtroubleshowFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/The-Good-Trouble-Show-With-Matt-Ford-106009712211646

Washington, DC, Journalist Matt Laslo returns to The Good Trouble Show with the latest interviews with members of Congress on the UFO / UAP topic. This gum-shoe journalist has been doing amazing work chasing down our lawmakers on Capitol Hill to get them on record on the UFO / UAP topic. Constantly walking the halls of Congress, Matt Laslo reveals what is now going on behind the scenes following whistleblower David Grusch 's testimony on Capitol Hill.Based on Capitol Hill, Matt Laslo is a journalist who's been covering campaigns and every aspect of federal policy since 2006. He's a WIRED magazine contributor, covering everything from data privacy and crypto to Big Tech and UFOs (or UAPs). Since moving from music to the political beat, Laslo's been a contributor with VICE News, VICE News Tonight (HBO), Rolling Stone, Raw Story, The Daily Beast.. He also runs The LCB (Laslo Congressional Bureau)—a wire service that's brought Washington to life for millions of (public radio) listeners and readers nationwide. Since 2009, he's served on the board of the Regional Reporters Association where he helps represent the dwindling numbers of local reporters based in Washington. In 2011, Laslo graduated cum-laude from the Johns Hopkins University's MA in Government program—where he's been an adjunct political communications professor since 2016. He's also taught comms. and/or journalism at Boston University (MA), George Washington University (MA) and the University of Maryland (BA). He can be found on most all social media platforms as @MattLaslo. Laslo's also had bylines in Billboard, The Atlantic, Campaigns and Elections Magazine, Countable, GEN Medium, NBC Think (their non-partisan opinion vertical), OZY.com, The Chattanooga Courier, The Chattanooga Times Free Press, The Guardian (op-eds under his professor cap), The News of Delaware County, The Metro, The Omaha World-Herald, The Trace, This American Life, Thompson Reuters (op-eds), USA Today and Washingtonian Magazine, among others.

We've been promising another AI episode, and we're really excited about this one. Our friend Bart Myers, founder of Countable, joins the show to talk about the latest developments in AI and what it means for campaigns -- especially in the current social media environment. Also - a very real threat from deepfakes -- and it's not the obvious one. What do we need to be watching out for? What's one out of the box solution for combating misinformation? And what's going to happen as Twitter goes down the tubes and more and more competitors pop up? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

I'm pumped for the following episode of the Transition, as I finally get to sit down with fellow Marine and Bunker Labs New Orleans Ambassador, Taylor White, CEO and Co-Founder of Countable, which provides Financial Operations and Planning for Startups & Small businesses, empowering entrepreneurs with the financial team they need for growing businesses in the digital age. On the show, he opens up about the success and challenges of his business as they reach the next stage of growth, his journey from growing up in Trailor in New Orleans to becoming a Marine, and what motivates him as an entrepreneur and leader in the Bunker. Taylor, as well as many of you, represent the best and brightest of our nation's entrepreneurs, and I'm just excited to share his story on the show. Be sure to subscribe to the Transition Newsletter on Substack here: https://bit.ly/37Bb8NeOrder my book, “Black Veteran Entrepreneur” here: https://amzn.to/3gme7kgLearn more about Countable here: https://www.countabl.io/Apply for Veterans in Residence here: https://www.countabl.io/

This is part two of Countable & Uncountable Nouns. If you haven't already listened to part one of the lesson, make sure you go ahead and listen to that first in the previous episode! To learn even more with us, make sure to sign up to our FREE course, Speaking with Confidence. Go to myenglishmatters.com/subscribe to sign up!

Here is Frank Bruno's daily dose of elder law. Elder Law attorneys help their clients facing incapacity, paying for long-term care, or settling an estate. Find us on the web! For more information visits my website at https://www.frankbrunolaw.com Schedule a free telephone consultation on our Website at https://frankbrunolaw.apptoto.com// Say Hi on Social: Visit my Instagram page at https://www.instagram.com/frankbrunoesq/?hl=en Visit my Facebook page at https://www.facebook.com/LawOfficeofFrankBrunoJr/ Visit my Linkedin page at https://www.linkedin.com/in/frank-bruno-2aa14799/ Visit my Twitter page at https://twitter.com/_frankbrunolaw Website: https://www.frankbrunolaw.com What we do at our offices: Wills, Trusts, Estates, Powers of Attorney, Nursing Home Medicaid, Long Term Care Planning, Guardianship, Real Property transfers & Probate Frank Bruno, Jr. is an Elder Law and Special Needs lawyer with years of experience handling these types of cases. He is extremely active in the Queens, New York Community, the Queens County Bar Association, and New York State Bar Association and is frequently invited to speak at events about Elder Law. If you'd like to learn more about Elder Law, Medicaid planning, Guardianship, Special Needs Trusts, or Probate law contact the Law Office of Frank Bruno, Jr. today at 718-418-5000. Thank you for listening! Eldercare law is really an umbrella term encompassing multiple areas of law. Some elder care attorneys handle subjects that most people know something about, such as probate, guardianship, estate planning. Other eldercare lawyers focus their practice on other areas of law such as special needs planning, VA benefits planning, and Medicaid planning. So, what is Medicaid planning? Medicaid planning is a way to protect people's assets from the threat of long-term care expenses. Many clients are between 65 and 95, own their own homes, and have between $25,000 and $750,000 worth of assets in addition to the house. What many people don't realize is exactly how expensive long term care expenses can be – In 2020 the average costs of a skilled nursing facility, in New York is $14,250.00 per month. Someone can be solidly middle class or upper-middle class, have saved their whole life, and think that they'll have plenty of money for whatever happens only to suffer a stroke, major heart attack or get an Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diagnosis and need help with their activities of daily living. If they have this six-figure per year care expense, many people spend everything. Medicare does not pay skilled nursing home expenses after 100 days. An elder care attorney, who handles Medicaid planning, is able to legally and ethically protect people's assets to get them qualified for Medicaid. Medicaid, unlike Medicare, has excellent long-term care benefits. This helps them supplement their lifestyle with their own assets (to improve the quality of their life while alive) and make it more likely that they will have something to pass onto their heirs after they pass away. There are many myths and much misinformation surrounding long-term care Medicaid in New York. To learn more please visit... https://www.frankbrunolaw.com

Countable allows enterprises to communicate with stakeholders around a shared purpose, passions, and social impact. For more information about our expert, Jeremy Kagan: https://www.marketecture.tv/authors/author-quvE9hNqNw4The full version of this episode is available at https://www.marketecture.tv/programs/freeclip-countable-emilybell .Visit Marketecture.tv to join our community and get access to full-length in-depth interviews. Marketecture is a new way to get smart about technology. Our team of real industry practitioners helps you understand the complex world of technology and make better vendor decisions through in-depth interviews with CEOs and product leaders at dozens of platforms. We are launching with extensive coverage of the marketing and advertising verticals with plans to expand into many other technology sectors.Copyright (C) 2022 Marketecture Media, Inc.

In this episode of Beyond Profit, a podcast of the ANA Center for Brand Purpose, host Ken Beaulieu discusses the Time To Vote movement with J.J. Huggins, who handles public relations and communications for Patagonia, and Bart Myers, CEO of Countable.

PHP Internals News: Episode 103: Disjunctive Normal Form (DNF) Types London, UK Friday, June 24th 2022, 09:07 BST In this episode of "PHP Internals News" I talk with George Peter Banyard (Website, Twitter, GitHub, GitLab) about the "Disjunctive Normal Form Types" RFC that he has proposed with Larry Garfield. The RSS feed for this podcast is https://derickrethans.nl/feed-phpinternalsnews.xml, you can download this episode's MP3 file, and it's available on Spotify and iTunes. There is a dedicated website: https://phpinternals.news Transcript Derick Rethans 0:15 Hi, I'm Derick. Welcome to PHP internals news, a podcast dedicated to explaining the latest developments in the PHP language. This is episode 103. Today I'm talking with George Peter Banyard again, this time about a disjunctive normal form types RFC, or DNF, for short, which he's proposing together with Larry Garfield. George Peter, would you please introduce yourself? George Peter Banyard 0:39 Hello, my name is George Peter Banyard, I work on PHP paid part time, by the PHP foundation. Derick Rethans 0:44 Just like last time, we are still got colleagues. George Peter Banyard 0:46 Yes, we are indeed still call it. Derick Rethans 0:48 What is this RFC about? What is it trying to solve? George Peter Banyard 0:52 The problems of this RFC is to be able to mix intersection and union types together. Last year, when intersection types were added to PHP, they were explicitly disallowed to be used with Union types. Because: a) mental framework, b) implementation complexity, because intersection types were already complicated on their own, to try to get them to work with Union types was kind of a big step. So it was done in chunks. And this is the second part of the chunk, being able to use it with Union types in a specific way. Derick Rethans 1:25 What is the specific way? George Peter Banyard 1:27 The specific way is where the disjoint normal form thing comes into play. So the joint normal form just means it's a normalized form of the type, where it's unions of intersections. The reason for that it helps the engine be able to like handle all of the various parts it needs to do, because at one point, it would need to normalize the type anyway. And we currently is just forced on to the developer because it makes the implementation easier. And probably also the source code, it's easier to read. Derick Rethans 1:54 When you say, forcing it up on a developer to check out you basically mean that PHP won't try to normalize any types, but instead throws a compilation error? George Peter Banyard 2:05 Exactly. It's, it's the job of the developer to do the normalization step. The normalization step is pretty easy, because I don't expect people to do too many stuff as intersection types. But as can always be done as a future scope of like adding a normalization step, then you get into the issues of like, maybe not having deterministic code, because normalization steps can take very, very long, and you can't necessarily prove that it will terminate, which is not a great situation to be in. Imagine just having PHP not running at all, because it's stuck in an infinite loop trying to normalize the format. It's just like, oh, I can't compile Derick Rethans 2:39 Would a potential type alias kind of syntax help with that? George Peter Banyard 2:44 Maybe, I'm not really sure. Actually reading like research about it from computer scientists, in functional programming languages, which is everything is compiled on my head. And they have the whole thing was like, well, they need to type type normalize, and especially with type aliases, they haven't really figured out a way yet. So I'm not sure how we are going to figure out a way if experts and PhD students and researchers haven't really figured out a way. Derick Rethans 3:08 And is the reason for that mostly, because PHP, resolves types while it is running code sometimes because it has to overload classes, and then it might find out it is an inherited class, for example? George Peter Banyard 3:19 Yes, I think it's like this weird thing where might maybe PHP has like kind of an advantage, because it doesn't need to, like resolve all of the types at once. And if you have a type alias, it's just oh, if it's used, and you just need to resolve it, and then try to figure it out. There's also the added complexity of like, variance checks, because most functional programming languages, they have variance to some degree, but they don't have the whole inheritance of like typical OOP languages have. It's kind of a very strange field, the fact that yeah, PHP is just like, well, we kind of do stuff at runtime, and you don't necessarily need everything. And it just works is like, well, we'll do. That's mainly the reason why the dev needs to do the normalization step, the form is done. It's also I think, the most easiest to understand, it's just like, Oh, you have this and this, or this group, or stuff, or this group of stuff, or this thing, simple type. The other form would be another normalized form would be conjunctive normal form, which is a list of ANDs of ORs to just have this thing, or X, like (A or B or C) and X and (Y or Z), which I think is harder to understand. Derick Rethans 4:26 What is the exact syntax then? George Peter Banyard 4:28 So the exact syntax is, if you want to have an intersection type was in a union type, you need to like bracket it by parentheses. And then you have like the normal pipe union operator and you can mix it with single types, you can mix it with true, you can mix it with false, which are literal types, which now exist, or just normal, bool types. Derick Rethans 4:48 The parenthesis is actually required. You don't rely on operator precedence to make things work? George Peter Banyard 4:53 Yes. Relying on operator precedence is terrible. Derick Rethans 4:57 Yep, I agree. George Peter Banyard 4:58 I'd say Oh, yeah, but I think I've heard this argument on the list like a couple of times, it's just, oh, yeah, but maths, like, has like, and as priority over like, or, I mean, I did three years of a maths degree and not gonna lie. Maths notation is terrible for most of us. People don't even agree on terminology. I'm just gonna say, let's, let's just do better. Derick Rethans 5:19 I agree. I mean, most coding standards for any sort of variable for like conditions, will already require parenthesis around multiple complex clauses anyway, right? I mean, it's a sensible thing to do, just for readability, in my opinion. So the RFC also talks about a few syntax that you aren't allowed to do, and that you have to normalize or deconstruct yourself, what kinds of things are these? George Peter Banyard 5:41 if you would want to have a type which has an intersection of a class A with at least one other class, so let's say X or Y, but you can always convert it into DNF form, how this type would be, it would be (A and X) or (A and Y). This seems to be the more unusual case, I would imagine. One of the motivating cases of DNF types is to do something like Array or (Traversable and Countable). I don't really see mixing and matching various different object interfaces in differencing, the most useful user land cases to be able to do Array or (Traversable and Countable) so that you can use just count or seeing something as an array, or you have like Traversable and Countable and ArrayAccess. And it's just like, Oh, here's an object, which kind of behaves like an array. Derick Rethans 6:32 I think there's currently another RFC just being proposed, that extends iterator_to_array to multiple types as well to accept more things. So that sort of fits into this category of things to do with iterables and traversals then I suppose. George Peter Banyard 6:49 yeah Derick Rethans 6:50 I'm hoping to talk to the author of that RFC as well. At the moment where two and a half weeks or so before a feature freeze, you now see a whole flurry of RFCs while it was a bit quiet in the last few months. So because you're adding to the type system, that's also usually has consequences for variance rules, or rather, how inheriting works with return types and argument types, as well as property types. What do DNF types mean for these variance checks? George Peter Banyard 7:19 The variance is checks, kind of follow the similar rules as before. So property types are easy. They are invariant, so you can't change them. You can reorder types, like was in your union if you want to. But that was already the case with Union types previously, because PHP will just check that, well, the types match. So contravariant, you can always restrict types, meaning you can either add intersections, or you can remove unions, broadly speaking. What you could do, for example, if you have like A or B or C, you could do A and X as a subtype, because you're restricting A to be of an extra, like an extra interface. Derick Rethans 8:06 So then you will have (A and X) or B or C. George Peter Banyard 8:10 Yes. So that's one restriction. You can add how many interfaces you want and do an intersection type, you can add them on every type you can. On the other side, you can just add like unions. So if for contravariance, or like an an argument type, it's like, well, I just want to return something new, well, then you can add unions, but you can't add an intersection to a type, you can only widen types of arguments. So if your type is A or B or C, you can't do A and B, and you can't do (A and X) or B or C, because you're restricting the type. If your type would be (A and X) or (B and Y) or (C and Z), then you could lift the restriction to A or B or (C and Z) because you loosening the requirements on on the type that you're accepting. Derick Rethans 8:55 To summarize this: argument types, you can always widen; return types you can only restrict, and, and property types you can't change at all. I specifically wanted to summarize that because I always find contravariance and covariance. These names confuse me. So that's why I prefer to talk about widening types and restricting types instead. Because there are so close together for me. We spoke a little bit about redundant types. What is this new functionality do if you specify redundant types? George Peter Banyard 9:30 Redundant types how they currently work in PHP are done at compile time. And they do exact class matches or constant class aliasing matches. Derick Rethans 9:41 That will need an explanation. George Peter Banyard 9:44 Class names and interface names in PHP are case insensitive. So you can write a lower-case a or upper-case A and it means the same class. If you provide let's say lower-case a or upper-case A, the engine realize this, this is the same class, so we'll serve it on the type error. So PHP has use statements, or use as. So these are compile time aliases. If you define a class A, and then you say use A as B. So B is a compile time alias of A. And then you do a type which has A or B, PHP already knows these things refer to the same class. So it will raise a compile time error. Derick Rethans 10:25 These use aliases are per file only, right? George Peter Banyard 10:28 Yes, that's usually to do with if you import traits or like a namespaces. And you get conflicting class names. That's how you handle it about. PHP has also this feature, which you can do this at runtime, using the function called class_alias. Now, obviously, compile time checks are done at compile time. So it doesn't know at runtime that you aliasing these classes or using this name as an alias. So then PHP won't complain. Derick Rethans 10:53 But will don't complain during runtime. George Peter Banyard 10:56 No. Derick Rethans 10:56 You really just wanted to shoot yourself in the foot, we'll let you do this. George Peter Banyard 11:00 Yet, during this at runtime, just as like a whole layer of time, because it's not it's not really useful. Basically, what it means that PHP won't guarantee you the type is minimal. I.e. you might have redundant types, but it will just try to tell you, it's like oh, the- these are exactly the same types. And I know these are the same types, you probably do get mistake. So if it can determine this at compile time, it will tell you. Derick Rethans 11:23 The variance is still checked when you're passing in things. George Peter Banyard 11:26 Yes, so variance is checked on inheritance. When the class is inherited and compiled, because it needs to load the parent class, it will then check that it's built properly, and otherwise it will raise an error, that's fine. But just checking that the types is minimal is not possible. A) because inheritance, you don't know how it works, because it will only do the checks on basically on the name of the strings, it will do like compare strings of class names. And if it doesn't know the class name, or if it or if it needs to do some inheritance, it just won't do an instance of check. They just ignore that. It's just like, well, maybe it is maybe it's not I don't know. And that's fine. Derick Rethans 12:08 Of course, if you pass in a wrong type at runtime, then it will still get rejected during runtime anyway. George Peter Banyard 12:14 Yes, that hasn't changed. Derick Rethans 12:16 The only thing that you might end up in a situation where you don't get warned during compile time whether type is redundant. George Peter Banyard 12:23 Yes. So that's the behaviour we currently are the behaviour is added. So, it will check that two intersection types within the union are identical using the same class stuff. So for example, if you have class A, and you say use a as B, and then you have a type which is (A and X) or (B and X), it will tell you: Okay, these classes are the same. The check it adds now also it will check that you don't have a more restrictive type with a wider type. So if your type is T or (T and X), because T is wider than T and X, it will error at compile time, it'll tell you well, T is less restrictive than T and X. So the T and X type is redundant. Derick Rethans 13:11 Okay, so nothing strange. Basically, what you expect to happen will happen. And PHP does its best telling you at compile time whether you've done something wrong or not. George Peter Banyard 13:22 Yes. Derick Rethans 13:24 I think we've spoken mostly about the functionality itself and types. I'm a little bit interested in whether you encountered some interesting things while implementing this feature. George Peter Banyard 13:33 This feature basically, was a bit in limbo for the implementation, because I was waiting on a change to make Iterable, a compile time alias of Array or Traversable, which shouldn't affect userland. Because previously, all of the checks needed to cater to if you get Iterable, then you need to check for the variance. Has it Array , has it a Traversable type, does this accept? Is it why the is it more restrictive, it's identical. It's just this weird edge case, which makes the variance code harder. Moving this to a compile time alias, where now it just uses the standard, a standard union type in some sense, just makes a lot of the variance checks already streamlined and simpler. And because this is simpler, in some sense, was DNF types. When you hit the intersection, you need to recurse one step to check the variance. This helps. This is also kind of why DNF types are enforced like as like the structure on the dev because otherwise, you could potentially get into the whole like, oh, infinite recursion if you do like very nested types, because it's just like, oh, you hit one nested type and so, oh okay, now I'm again in unnecessary time and then you recurse again and then you recurse again, and so that's all you get into the thing: Oh you need to normalize the type. The variance check is: Can you see if it's a union type is the first type a sub list So a list of intersection types, okay, is it balanced? And then just recall the same function in some sense, like, check the types for variance, is this correct? Okay, move to the next type back into the Union and everything. So the implementation is conceptually simple, because all of the implementation details already exist. And all the everything hard has already been done. Now, it's just like, in some sense, it was extracting it into its own function, and then like recurse into it, and not forget to update opcache properly. Derick Rethans 15:31 You mentioned that in order to make the DNF types work, you were waiting on this Array or Iterable or Traversable kind of type. Is this also type people can use it and userland? Or is it internal only? George Peter Banyard 15:44 It is the standard Iterable type that you can already use. So currently, PHP considered Iterable, a full type in some sense. And what the this implementation change basically makes it Iterable into ... compile time alias of Array or Traversable. Iterable exists since, PHP, 7.1, I think. Can still use it, reflection should still be fine if you use it as a single type. Derick Rethans 16:08 So to change there is more, instead of: if you encounter Iterable, we check for both Array and Traversable. Then, instead of making the check every time you look at Iterable is already part of the type system, so you don't have to make the check every time. George Peter Banyard 16:23 Exactly, you basically move when it's being transformed in some sense. Now it has some repercussion on other parts, which needed to be taken care of, which is probably why it was in limbo for 10 months. I had already done the implementation of DNF types, basically, working on my local copy of that branch. It's just like: Okay, this got merged, nice, I can now open the PR onto PHP SRC. So I didn't wait for it to land until start working on it. Derick Rethans 16:50 Things like that also often affect reflection, because you're adding more complex types to the type system. So what kind of changes does that make to PHP's reflection system? And does this end up breaking backwards compatibility? George Peter Banyard 17:04 So in theory, no, it doesn't. How the reflection API works around the type system is that most method calls will turn a reflection type interface, ReflectionNameType, ReflectionUnionType, and ReflectionIntersectionType, are all instances of a ReflectionType. And methods if you would call on the list. So on a union type, the type it would return if you get like getTypes is a ReflectionType. The type system and how the reflection idea was designed, there is no BC break. How the standard was working, it's like, Oh, if you had like a union type, or an intersection type, if you call the getList or getListOfTypes, or getTypes, I don't remember exactly what the method name is actually called, you will always get an array of reflection name types, because you can only have like one level of list in some sense. However, now, if your top type is a union type, then if you get getTypes, you might get an array of ReflectionNameTypes with ReflectionIntersectionTypes. So that's the case that you now need to cater to. So if you get another ReflectionIntersectionType in between. There, you could only have ReflectionNameTypes, there was no nesting, whereas now if you have a union type, one of the types that you get back from the getTypes method in the array will be a ReflectionIntersectionType. Technically, all of the types of the part of the reflection type, so it's an array of reflection types that you get. How it worked before is that you didn't need to care about this distinction between: Oh, it returns a ReflectionType and a ReflectionNameType because well, it only return a ReflectionNameType. But now this is not the case. So you now need to cater to that that oh, you might have nesting. Which kind of boils down to like if in the future, we decide to like have oh, you can nest union types in an intersection type, then the getTypes method might return a union type with other name types. Derick Rethans 19:03 You just need to make sure that you check for more than just one thing that it previously would have done. You can't assume not everything is a ReflectionType any more. It could also be ReflecionIntersectionType. George Peter Banyard 19:18 Yes, exactly. Derick Rethans 19:20 I think that sort of what's in the RFC, is there any future scope? George Peter Banyard 19:25 I mean, the future scope is type alias. As usual. Everything I feel when you talk about the type system, it's like type aliases. At one point when your types gets very complicated. It would be nice to just be able to refer this as a as a named type in some sense, instead of needing to retype every time the whole union slash intersection of it. Hopefully we can get this running for 8.3. We are starting to get kind of complicated types. It would be nice being able to have this feature. The other obvious future scope in some sense, who knows if it's actually desirable is to allow either having conjunctive normal form so you can have like a list of ANDs or ORs Derick Rethans 20:05 You call these conjunctive normal forms? George Peter Banyard 20:08 Yes. Or just a type, which is not normalized. Not sure if it's really desirable to have this feature, because then you get into the whole thing of, if PHP doesn't, either PHP doesn't know how to like normalize it, or it's not in the best form, and then you get into like, very long compilation units or just checking. It's like, okay, does it respect the type? Does it do all of the instance of checks? And I'm not sure if it's super desirable. Derick Rethans 20:38 So it could be considered future scope. But from what I gather from you, you don't actually know what it is actually a desirable thing to add to the language? George Peter Banyard 20:46 Yes. Derick Rethans 20:47 Okay, George, thank you for taking the time this morning to talk about this new DNF types RFC. George Peter Banyard 20:54 Thank you for having me. As always. Derick Rethans 20:59 Thank you for listening to this installment of PHP internals news, a podcast dedicated to demystifying the development of the PHP language. I maintain a Patreon account for supporters of this podcast as well as the Xdebug debugging tool. You can sign up for Patreon at https://drck.me/patreon. If you have comments or suggestions, feel free to email them to derick@phpinternals.news. Thank you for listening, and I'll see you next time. Show Notes RFC: Disjunctive Normal Form Types Credits Music: Chipper Doodle v2 — Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) — Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0

Buenos días, Gracias por escuchar Truly English Podcast Season 3, Episodio 81, hoy repasaremosCountable nouns with a/an and some. Por favor, estudien y envíen sus comentarios y peticiones para futuros episodios a info@trulyenglish.com.mx. Have a nice day Good morning, Thank you for listening to Truly English Podcast Season 3, Episode 81, today we will review Countable nouns with a/an and some. Please study and send us any comments and requests for future episodes to info@trulyenglish.com.mx. Have a nice day --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/trulyenglish/message

We talk the coronavirus latest, a failure to find an agreement on a residency plan for Hong Kong and Macau and more.

Buenos días y gracias por escuchar Truly English Podcast Season 3, Episodio 80, hoy repasaremos los sustantivos Countalbe and Uncountable Nouns Part 2. Por favor, haz tus propios ejemplos y envíanos cualquier comentario y petición a info@trulyenglish.com.mx. Have a nice day! Good morning and thank you for listening to Truly English Podcast Season 3, Episode 80, today we will review Countable and Uncountable Nouns 2. Please make your own examples and send us any comments and requests to info@.com.mx. Have a nice day --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/trulyenglish/message

In a world where, according to Edelman's Trust Barometer, corporations are more trusted than the government and media, what do you do with that trust? At SXSW, we assembled a powerhouse panel to answer that question. This week, Oxford Road's Founder and CEO, Dan Granger joins media veterans, Jory Des Jardins (CMO, Countable) and Natasha Simko Morgan, Ph.D. (Head of Enterprise Marketing, Indeed) to discuss the increasing challenge of aligning brand values with media spend.

Time is precious and leveraging tools and technology is an excellent opportunity to help us save some of it. Countable is saving accounts time by making engagements simpler with an integrated and cloud-based platform that enables them to automate engagements, standardize work, and centralize workflows. Aakanksha Nair, Marketing Manager at Countable, helps us to understand the many benefits of their solution and the future of collaboration in the industry. As automation, technology and the industry are always changing Aakanksha and her team is working to always adapt their website experience and keep content updated in this fast-growing ecosystem.

From the first season, episode 5 on the Shark Tank to multi-million dollars businesses, Jeff Cohen, CEO & Founder of the C-Level Roundtable, Author and Entrepreneur takes us on the journey of failures, growth, and massive success.In this episode of the Legacy Leaders Show, he shares with us the key elements that contribute to his success in personal and professional life that each one of us can implement immediately.Champions, Buckle Up!

From the first season, episode 5 on the Shark Tank to multi-million dollars businesses, Jeff Cohen, CEO & Founder of the C-Level Roundtable, Author and Entrepreneur takes us on the journey of failures, growth, and massive success. In this episode of the Legacy Leaders Show, he shares with us the key elements that contribute to his success in personal and professional life that each one of us can implement immediately. Champions, Buckle Up!

Buenos días y gracias por escuchar Truly English Podcast Temporada 3, Episodio 13, Hoy revisaremosCountable and Uncountable 2. Por favor haga sus propios ejemplos también envíenos sus comentarios y cualquier solicitud para futuros episodios a info@trulyenglish.com.mx . Que tengas un gran día y un gran fin de semana. Happy Halloween Good morning and thank you for listening to Truly English Podcast Season 3, Episode 13, Today we will review Countable and uncountable 2. Please make your own examples also send us your comments and any requests for future episodes to info@trulyenglish.com.mx. Have a great day and a great weekend. Happy Halloween --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/trulyenglish/message

Buenos días y gracias por escuchar Truly English Podcast Season 3, Episode 11. Hoy revisaremos los sustantivos contables con A / An y Some. Por favor haga sus propios ejemplos y envíenos sus solicitudes para futuros episodios y cualquier comentario a info@trulyenglish.com.mx. Have a nice day! Good morning and thank you for listening to Truly English Podcast Season 3, Episode 11, Today we will review Countable nouns with a/an and some. Please make your own examples also send us your requests for future episodes and any comments to info@trulyenglish.com.mx. Have a nice day! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/trulyenglish/message

Buenos días y gracias por escuchar Truly English Podcast Season 2, Episose 198, Hoy revisaremos Countable and Uncountable 1. Por favor haga sus propios ejemplos y envíenos sus solicitudes y comentarios para futuros episodios a www.trulyenglish.com.mx. Have a nice day Good morning and thank you for listening to Truly English Podcast Season 2, Episose 198, Today we will review Countable and uncountable 1. Please make your own examples and send us your requests and comments for future episodes to www.trulyenglish.com.mx. Have a nice day --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/trulyenglish/message

Subscribe to our FREE YouTube channel https://bit.ly/2mmB5LR Learn English countable nouns in English grammar for better fluency. I will teach you countable nouns examples with a countable nouns list. You will learn countable nouns meaning and I will show you some countable nouns sentences. it is important to know nouns in English along with nouns in English grammar with examples. Learn how to build confidence in English here https://youtu.be/g13DH22tUKc ________ Try one of our courses or books

Buenos días y gracias por escuchar Truly English Podcast Temporada 2, Episodio 149, Countable and Uncountable Nouns. Por favor haga sus propios ejemplos y envíenos sus solicitudes para futuros episodios y cualquier comentario a www.trulyenglish.com.mx. Have a great day and a great weekend Good morning and thank you for listening to Truly English Podcast Season 2, Episode 149, Countable and Uncountable Nouns. Please make your own examples and please send us your requests for future episodes and any comments to www.trulyenglish.com.mx. Have a great day and a great weekend --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/trulyenglish/message

Today on the show we're talking about some free agency options, Chazz Surratt's future, and of course, the nature of infinity within the bounds of mathematical exploration. Underscored by bunny chaos.Support Us By Supporting Our Sponsors!Built BarBuilt Bar is a protein bar that tastes like a candy bar. Go to builtbar.com and use promo code “LOCKED15,” and you'll get 15% off your next order.BetOnline AGThere is only 1 place that has you covered and 1 place we trust. Betonline.ag! Sign up today for a free account at betonline.ag and use that promocode: LOCKEDON for your 50% welcome bonus.Rock AutoAmazing selection. Reliably low prices. All the parts your car will ever need. Visit RockAuto.com and tell them Locked On sent you.Follow the show: @LockedOnVikingsFollow the host: @LukeBraunNFLJoin the discord community: https://linktr.ee/LukeBraunNFLSubmit Twitter Tuesday questions: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc3mA_-Yke_oIwlZ5vOnIW_TK4d9gRwjmOB7YOLzeLLIz_-3w/viewform?usp=sf_linkAllow Veritasium to break your brain: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeQX2HjkcNo Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Today on the show we're talking about some free agency options, Chazz Surratt's future, and of course, the nature of infinity within the bounds of mathematical exploration. Underscored by bunny chaos. Support Us By Supporting Our Sponsors! Built Bar Built Bar is a protein bar that tastes like a candy bar. Go to builtbar.com and use promo code “LOCKED15,” and you’ll get 15% off your next order. BetOnline AG There is only 1 place that has you covered and 1 place we trust. Betonline.ag! Sign up today for a free account at betonline.ag and use that promocode: LOCKEDON for your 50% welcome bonus. Rock Auto Amazing selection. Reliably low prices. All the parts your car will ever need. Visit RockAuto.com and tell them Locked On sent you. Follow the show: @LockedOnVikings Follow the host: @LukeBraunNFL Join the discord community: https://linktr.ee/LukeBraunNFL Submit Twitter Tuesday questions: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc3mA_-Yke_oIwlZ5vOnIW_TK4d9gRwjmOB7YOLzeLLIz_-3w/viewform?usp=sf_link Allow Veritasium to break your brain: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeQX2HjkcNo Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Techstination, your destination for gadgets and gear.   I’m Fred Fishkin.      Tesla and other well known brands like Starbucks and Uber are creating their own virtual communities using a platform called Countable.   Some are designed for us consumers to use…others for employees.   Countable Founder...

Techstination interview: Creating Tesla's new social platform with Countable

Based on Capitol Hill, Matt Laslo is a reporter who's been covering campaigns and every aspect of federal policy since 2006. He's currently a regular contributor at VICE News, VICE News Tonight HBO, The Daily Beast and Rolling Stone. He also runs the Laslo Congressional Bureau – public radio member station's sole remaining bureau in the nation's capital.While he's filed stories for NPR and more than 40 of its affiliates, he also has had bylines in Billboard, The Atlantic, Campaigns and Elections Magazine, Countable, Medium, NBC Think (their non-partisan opinion vertical), OZY.com, The Chattanooga Courier, The Chattanooga Times Free Press, The Guardian (op-eds under his professor cap), The News of Delaware County, The Metro, The Omaha World-Herald, The Trace, This American Life, Thompson Reuters (op-eds), USA Today and Washingtonian Magazine, among others.  Since 2009 he's sat on the board at the Regional Reporters Association where he helps represent the dwindling numbers of regional reporters based in Washington.In 2011 he graduated cum laude from The Johns Hopkins University MA in Government and Public Policy program. He now teaches there as an adjunct political communications professor, as well as teaching communications and/or journalism at George Washington University (MA), Boston University (MA) and The University of Maryland (BA). More info on Matt:https://www.mattlaslo.com/https://www.theatlantic.com/author/matt-laslo/https://twitter.com/mattlaslohttps://thenewsstation.com/If you want to see our last interview in raw zoom call video form:https://youtu.be/vmHYsJMOO10The Peterson Q & A clip https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Ho5VZp_ps4The clip from  Yuval Noah Harari https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkDGpt4Wt4sThis is a recent interesting discussion with Yuval Noah Harari and Masha Gessen from a different angle that helps get at these complex issues https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mh1mSGEISycJoin the discussion on the FB grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/dailyarchetype/Also DailyArchetype on IGPlease check out what's in the works on Youtube and you can also see some of my old live chats if you like. When I get 100 subscribers I can make a custom YouTube URLhttps://tinyurl.com/DailyarchetypeMusic (Three kinds of Sun) by Norma Rockwell and the theme by studio star gazer, with voices by:  Eli Harris, Katrice Beal, Annie Phung and Allison Drew (not in that order). If interested in helping with the production or to become a guest, please send an email to dailyarchetype@gmail.comSupport on Venmo @isaac-Miller-83Support the show

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Accompanying blog post: https://intrepidenglish.co.uk/countable-and-uncountable-nouns/Nouns can be countable or uncountable. Countable nouns are the name of separate objects, people, etc, which we can count; they have singular and plural forms.Uncountable nouns are nouns which we do not see as separate, and which we cannot count; they do not have plural forms.Learn about the difference between countable and uncountable nouns in today's podcast with Intrepid English Teacher Tom!

What happens when an early passion for purpose intersects with a skilled career in tech? You get a genius innovator that creates one of the largest social media platforms focused on social impact by mobilizing communities to take action. Bart Meyers, Founder of Countable and Causes.com, shares how his his upbringing combined with a work project ignited his desire to become

This is the very basic starting point in Medicaid planning.  You must know what Medicaid is going to look at for the person applying for Medicaid.  Here, I discuss a person's assets and then lay out what is countable and what is not countable.  If you are new to Elder Law, start here to get a good foundation and then continue as I progress through the process.  You can email me at Todd@ElderLawinaBox.com.  I would love to hear from you.

This is the very basic starting point in Medicaid planning.  You must know what Medicaid is going to look at for the person applying for Medicaid.  Here, I discuss a person's assets and then lay out what is countable and what is not countable.  If you are new to Elder Law, start here to get a good foundation and then continue as I progress through the process.  You can email me at Todd@ElderLawinaBox.com.  I would love to hear from you.

Buenos días y gracias por escuchar Truly English Podcast Episodio 135. Hoy repasaremos la parte final de Uncountable y Countable, usando There is and there are y How much and How many. Recuerda estudiar y que tengas un gran martes, felices fiestas. Good morning and thank you for listening to Truly English Podcast Episode 135. Today we will review the final part of Uncountable and contable, using There is and there are and How much and How many. Please remember to study and have a great Tuesday, Happy Holidays --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/trulyenglish/message

Buenos días y gracias por escuchar Truly English Podcast Episodio 134. Hoy continuaremos con nuestra revisión de los Countable y Uncountable Nouns. Escuche y haga sus propios ejemplos. Que tengas un gran lunes y una gran semana. Good morning and thank you for listening to Truly English Podcast Episode 134. Today we will continue our review of Uncountable and Countalbe nouns. Please listen and make your own examples. Have a great Monday and a Great Week --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/trulyenglish/message

Buenos días y gracias por escuchar Truly English Podcast Episodio 133. Hoy revisaremos Countable and Uncountable Nouns y How Much y How Many. Que tengas un buen viernes y un gran fin de semana. Good morning and thank you for listening to Truly English Podcast Episode 133, Today we will review Countable and Uncountalbe nouns and How Much and How Many. Have a great Friday and a great weekend. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/trulyenglish/message

Based on Capitol Hill, Matt Laslo is a reporter who's been covering campaigns and every aspect of federal policy since 2006. He's currently a regular contributor at VICE News, VICE News Tonight HBO, The Daily Beast and Rolling Stone. He also runs the Laslo Congressional Bureau – public radio member station's sole remaining bureau in the nation's capital.While he's filed stories for NPR and more than 40 of its affiliates, he also has had bylines in Billboard, The Atlantic, Campaigns and Elections Magazine, Countable, Medium, NBC Think (their non-partisan opinion vertical), OZY.com, The Chattanooga Courier, The Chattanooga Times Free Press, The Guardian (op-eds under his professor cap), The News of Delaware County, The Metro, The Omaha World-Herald, The Trace, This American Life, Thompson Reuters (op-eds), USA Today and Washingtonian Magazine, among others.  Since 2009 he's sat on the board at the Regional Reporters Association where he helps represent the dwindling numbers of regional reporters based in Washington.In 2011 he graduated cum laude from The Johns Hopkins University MA in Government and Public Policy program. He now teaches there as an adjunct political communications professor, as well as teaching communications and/or journalism at George Washington University (MA), Boston University (MA) and The University of Maryland (BA). More info on Matt:https://www.mattlaslo.com/https://www.theatlantic.com/author/matt-laslo/https://twitter.com/mattlaslohttps://thenewsstation.com/If you want to see the interview in raw zoom call video form:https://youtu.be/vmHYsJMOO10These are the two I recorded with Boonn last week (available on all platforms)https://open.spotify.com/episode/660UA6PndgeFtQcnQ5nqlv?si=fbqebLS7Ql-F4KoDHKDZrghttps://open.spotify.com/episode/4WKLcQtiCScaDomrSnT1zQ?si=SIVUESPESVyoXWRm9ryw3wI will also have a discussion premiering next week onhttps://www.facebook.com/ArchiveOwl/Join the discussion on the FB group https://www.facebook.com/groups/dailyarchetype/Also DailyArchetype on IGPlease check out what's in the works on Youtube and you can also see some of my old live chats if you like. When I get 100 subscribers I can make a custom YouTube URLhttps://tinyurl.com/DailyarchetypeMusic (Three kinds of Sun) by Norma Rockwell and the theme by studio star gazer, with voices by:  Eli Harris, Katrice Beal, Annie Phung and Allison Drew (not in that order). If interested in helping with the production or to become a guest, please send an email to dailyarchetype@gmail.comSupport on Venmo @isaac-Miller-83Support the show

Countable and Uncountable nouns: Why do we divide nouns into these 2 groups? Why is it important to know if a noun is countable or uncountable? Hear, Prof. Pamposh on how this English technicality works its way in grammar.

In this week's episode I chat with Kelly about challenges and filters on social media, also the second part of assimilation in pronunciation and some nouns which are both countable and uncountable. Can you use them correctly?Podcast Email: KrisHaganPodcasts@gmail.comYouTube: Search for Kris HaganInstagram: @krishaganmediaPersonal Instagram @KrisHaganOfficialLanguage Institute: www.krishagan.com

Countable & Uncountable Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns is a subject that many learners, even very advanced learners, have a lot of trouble with. In this podcast, we will look at quantity expressions that we can use with these types of nouns. I think everyone listening to this podcast probably already knows the difference between countable and uncountable nouns, so lets jump right in and look at the quantity expressions. 1. Some and any Some is generally used in: positive statements = There are some shelves above the desk. polite requests = Would you like some biscuits? to mean ‘an unspecified large amount’ = It would be great to get some money for the rent. Any is generally used in: negatives and questions = My desk hasn’t got any drawers. Have you got any chocolate? positive statements to mean ‘it doesn’t matter which/who/where/when = Call me any time 2. Quantities We can use the following words to talk about quantities. everything = all of for countable and uncountable nouns large quantities = lots of, plenty of, a lot of, many of, most of to talk about countable nouns and uncountable nouns medium quantities = some (of), a certain number of for countable nouns / some (of), a certain amount of for uncountable nouns small quantities = a few of, a small/limited/tiny number of for countable nouns / a little of, a small, limited, tiny amount of for uncountable nouns nothing = no, not any, none of for countable nouns and uncountable nouns One special point we need to be aware of is the difference between ‘a few’ and ‘a little’ and ‘few’ and ‘little’. Compare: 1. Few rooms have such good natural light. (= not many so you are lucky) We have a few rooms available with a sea view. (= a small number) 2. Little research has been done in this area. (= not enough) A little research has been done in this area. (= a small amount) Now let’s look at an IELTS task 1 style essay that uses a lot of these kinds of words. Two options are available each time. You can pause the recording and think by yourself before I say the answer if you like. The (1) amount/number of sleep each person needs depends on (2) numbers of/a number of factors, including age. Infants generally require about 16 hours a day. For most adults, seven to eight hours a night appears to be the ideal (3) number / amount of sleep, although a (4) little / few people may need as (5) few /little as five hours’ sleep or as (6) much / many as ten hours’ sleep each day. Getting too (7) few / little sleep creates a sleep debt, and eventually, your body will demand that the debt be repaid. A large (8) quantity of / number of people over 65 have frequent sleeping problems, such as insomnia, and deep-sleep stages in (9) a considerable amount of / a considerable number of elderly people often become very short or stop completely. Microsleeps, or very brief episodes of sleep in an otherwise awake person, are another mark of sleep deprivation. In a (10) small number of / small amount of cases, people are not aware that they are experiencing microsleeps. The widespread practice of burning the candle at both ends in western industrialised society has created so (11) many / much sleep deprivation that what is really abnormal sleepiness is now almost the norm. OK guys so when you write a task 1 that talks about numbers and amounts, make sure you use accurate quantity words. This is the way to go!

We discuss the recent Pitt violations involving countable coaches and CARA. We also discuss the one-time transfer proposal for all sports, we discuss BYU Childs basketball agent issue, and wrap up the week. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/spencer-kelly/message

Video lesson about countable and uncountable nouns with a special guest/host from Peru: "Teacher David Huaman"Download the audio here:https://soundcloud.com/teachermartine...Visit my blog:https://teachermartinezrd.blogspot.com/Youtube Channel:https://www.youtube.com/user/teacherm...Facebook Fans Page:https://www.facebook.com/tmartinezrd/Nouns: Singular and Plural Formshttps://soundcloud.com/teachermartine...#teachermartinezrd #nouns

PHP Internals News: Episode 38: Preloading and WeakMaps London, UK Thursday, January 30th 2020, 09:01 GMT In this episode of "PHP Internals News" I chat with Nikita Popov (Twitter, GitHub, Website) about PHP 7.4 preloading mishaps, and his WeakMaps RFC. The RSS feed for this podcast is https://derickrethans.nl/feed-phpinternalsnews.xml, you can download this episode's MP3 file, and it's available on Spotify and iTunes. There is a dedicated website: https://phpinternals.news Show Notes RFC: WeakMaps Transcript Derick Rethans 0:16 Hi, I'm Derick. And this is PHP internals news, a weeklish podcast dedicated to demystifying the development of the PHP language. This is Episode 38. I'm talking with Nikita Popov about a few things that have happened over the holidays. Nikita, How were your holidays? Nikita Popov 0:34 My holidays days were great. Derick Rethans 0:36 I thought I'd start with something else then I did last year. In any case, and wanting to talk to you this morning about something that happens to PHP seven four over the holidays. And that is issues with preloading on Windows with PHP seven four. I have no idea what the problem is here. Would you try to explain this to me? Nikita Popov 0:56 So there were actually quite a few issues with preloading in early PHP 7.4 releases. The feature definitely did not get enough testing. Most of the issues have been fixed in 7.4.2. But if you're using preload-user, what you have to use if you're running on the root, then you will probably still see crashes and that's going to be fixed in the next release. Derick Rethans 1:20 In 7.4.3. Nikita Popov 1:22 Right. But to get back to Windows, Windows has a well very different process architecture than Linux. In particular, on Linux, or BSD we have fork. Which basically just takes a process and copies its entire memory state to create a new process. This is a lot cheaper than it sounds because it's all like reuses memory until it's actually changed. Derick Rethans 1:48 Its copy on write. Nikita Popov 1:49 Copy on write exactly. The same functionality does not exist on Windows, or at least it's not publicly exposed. So on Windows, you can only create new processes from scratch, that look, we use our memory from the previous one. And for OPcache, this is a problem because OPcache would really like to reference internal classes as defined by PHP. But because we store things in shared memory, which is shared between multiple processes, we now have the problem that these internal classes can reside at different addresses, in these different processes. On Linux, it's always going to be the same address because we are forking and that keeps the address. On Windows each process could have a different address. And especially because Windows since I think Windows Vista, uses address space layout randomization. This is actually pretty much always going to be a different address. Derick Rethans 2:51 Because that's a security feature? Nikita Popov 2:52 Exactly. It's a security feature. Derick Rethans 2:54 Would it also be a problem on Linux if you'd start a process instead of forking it? Nikita Popov 2:59 Yes, it would be a problem. The difference's just that on on Unix, we don't do that. OPcache has quite a different architecture on Windows. On Linux, we do not allow to attach to an existing OPcache from a separate process. So the only way to share an OPcache is to use fork. On Windows because of this restriction that we don't have fork, we do though this kind of attachments and that's where we have we have to deal with these kind of issues. So that's actually a general problem, not just for preloading on differences, just that normally, we can just: Hey, okay, we do not allow any references to internal classes from shared memory on Windows. It's like a slight hit to optimization, but it's not super important. While we're preloading, we have to link the entire class graph during preloading. And if you have any classes that for example, extend from an internal class, like extend from Exception. Or in some cases, you can just use an internal class as a type hint, then we would not be able to store these kinds of references in shared memory on Windows. And because for preloading, it's pretty much inevitable that you run into the situation you just can't realistically do preloading on Windows, Derick Rethans 4:18 Hence, the decision being made just turning it off, instead of trying to end and always failing pretty much. Nikita Popov 4:24 Yeah, I mean, it kind of did work before, it just got a bunch of warnings that these classes haven't been preloaded. And if people try that, oh, it's like with a simple example there, we'll see you great, preloading is working. But once they move to their actual complex application that uses internal classes at various points, it turns out that: Actually, no, it doesn't really work in practice. And so the way that we just disabled entirely Derick Rethans 4:51 That seems like a reasonable solution to this, do you think at some point this can be fixable in another clever way? Nikita Popov 4:58 Well, main way in which can be fixed is to avoid this kind of multi process attachments on Windows. The alternative to having multiple processes is to have multiple threads, which do share an address space. Basically same as fork just with threads then. But that, of course, depends on what kind of web server you're using and what kind of SAPI you're using. And I think nowadays, on Windows on threaded web servers are somewhat more popular than on Linux, it's still not the majority deployment strategy. Derick Rethans 5:34 I think it used to be that threaded process models on Windows were a lot more common when PHP just came out for Windows, because it was an ISAPI module which was always threaded. From what I remember the original reason why we had ZTS, in the first place. Yeah, at some point that started moving to PHP FPM kind of models because it didn't use threading and it was, tended to be a lot safer to use it that way. Nikita Popov 5:57 Right. I mean, threading has issues in particular because things like locales are per process, not per thread. So processes are usually safer to use Derick Rethans 6:08 Anything else interesting that happened that went wrong with a preloading, or do you not want to mention? Nikita Popov 6:12 The rest is mostly just that we have two different ways of doing preloading. One is using OPcache compile file, and others using require or include, and the difference between them is that OPcache compile file combines the file but does not executed. In that case, the way we perform preloading is that we first collect all classes and then we, like gradually, link them, actually register them, always making sure that all the dependencies have already be linked. And this is the mode that that I think mostly work well at the release of PHP seven point four. And the other one, they require approach is where we, well require directly executes the code and registers the classes. And in that case, basically, if it turns out that some kind of dependency cannot be preloaded for some reason, we simply have to abort preloading, because we cannot recover from that. This abortion was missing. And it that turns out that, in the end, the way people actually use preloading is using the require approach, not using the OPcache compile file approach. Derick Rethans 7:26 Although that's the one you see most of the examples that I've seen, and in the documentation. Nikita Popov 7:30 Right, it has some advantages you some require. Derick Rethans 7:34 Something else that happened over the holidays is that you've worked on several RFCs there're too many to talk about at all in this episode. But one of the earlier ones, was a WeakMap, or WeakMaps RFC, which sort of builds on top of the weak references that we already got in PHP seven four. What's wrong with the weak references, and why do we now need weak maps? Nikita Popov 7:58 There's nothing wrong with weak references. As a reminder what weak references are both, they allow you to reference an object without preventing it from being garbage collected. So if the object is unset, then you're just left with a dangling reference. And if you try to access it, you get back knowledge of the object. Now, the probably most common use case for any kind of weak data structure is a map or an associative array, where you have objects and want to associate some kind of data with them. Typical use cases are caches or other memoise data structures. And the reason why it's important for this to be weak is that you do not well, if you want to cache some data with the object, and then nobody else is using that object. You don't really want to keep around that cache data because no one has ever going to use it again. And it's just going to take up memory usage. And this is what the weak map does. So you use objects as keys, use some kind of data as the value. And if the object is no longer used outside this map, then is also removed from the map as well. Derick Rethans 9:16 So you mentioned objects as keys. Is that something new? Because I don't think currently PHP supports that. Nikita Popov 9:22 I mean, you can't use objects as keys in normal arrays. That doesn't work. For example, the array access interface and the traversable interface, they don't really care what your types are. So you can use anything. Derick Rethans 9:37 I glanced over that that point, yes. But weak map is something that then implements array access. Nikita Popov 9:44 That's right Derick Rethans 9:45 How does the interface of a weak map look like? How would you interact with it? Nikita Popov 9:49 Yeah, actually, it just implements all the magic interfaces in PHP. So ArrayAccess, you can access the roadmap by key, where the key's object. Traversable, that is you can iterate over the weak map and get both the keys and values, and of course Countable, so you can count how many elements there are in there. And that's it. Derick Rethans 10:12 All the methods, there's plenty of em then, there should be nine or 10 or so right? Nikita Popov 10:17 Five. Derick Rethans 10:18 No there's the six of iterator. Nikita Popov 10:20 Right, yeah, there is this little detail where when you implement Traversable, internal classes, you don't actually have to implement iterator methods. That's why there is a few, a few less. Derick Rethans 10:33 Who's going to benefit from this new feature? Nikita Popov 10:35 Like one of the users for weak maps are things like ORMs. Where, well, database records are represented as object, and there is data storage related to these objects. And I think it's a, well, well known issue that if you're using ORMs you can sometimes run into Memory Usage issues. And the absence of weak structures is one of the reasons why that can happen. So that they just keep holding onto information even though the application actually doesn't use it anymore. Derick Rethans 11:12 Did a specific ORM request this feature? Nikita Popov 11:15 I don't think so. Derick Rethans 11:16 Because weak maps are something done as an internal class in PHP, how are these things implemented? Is there something interesting because I remember talking to Joe about weak references last year, there is some functionality where it would automatically do something on the destructor or rather of the objects. Is this something that also happens with weak maps. Nikita Popov 11:37 So yeah, the mechanism how weak references and maps work is basically the same. So there is a flag on each object, that can be set to indicate that it has a weak reference or weak map. If the object is destroyed, and has this nice flag, then we execute a callbeck that is going to remove the object from the Weak Reference or from the weak map, or from multiple maps. Derick Rethans 12:05 Is it because there are some kind of registry that links an object? Nikita Popov 12:08 So when we store all the weak references, weak maps, and the object as part of, so we can efficiently remove it. Derick Rethans 12:16 When I was reading the RFC, I saw something like SPL object ID mentioned, which is a way how to basically identify a specific object. Is this something related to weak references or weak maps? Or is this something else no longer used, or people should no longer use pretty much, because I guess this was a way previously how to identify an object and then associated extra data with it. Like you mentioned that ORMs were due for cache. Nikita Popov 12:44 Right. So it's kind of related, but I'm also not. So one is not a replacement for the other, just different use cases. We used to have SPL object hash for a very long time. And I think, somebody went around PHP 7.0, or maybe later SPL object ID was introduced, which this the same just because an integer and because because of that is more efficient. But in the end, what these functions do is return a unique identifier for an object. But this identifier is only unique as long as the object is alive. So these object IDs are reused when objects are destroyed. Derick Rethans 13:30 And that makes them not usable for associating cache data with a specific object? Nikita Popov 13:35 That makes them usable for associating cache data. But you also have to store the object to make sure it does not get destroyed in the meantime. So that's how you get around the restriction that you cannot use objects as array keys. That's what you need the ID for. But you still have to store the like a strong reference to the object to make sure it's not garbage collected. And this ID starts referencing some kind of other objects. Derick Rethans 14:04 When you say Strong Reference, that is what PHP references are traditionally? Nikita Popov 14:08 That's the normal reference. Derick Rethans 14:10 Well, because it's been quite some time since it's got introduced from what I understood this has been accepted? Nikita Popov 14:16 It is accepted: 25, zero Derick Rethans 14:18 25, zero. That doesn't happen very often. Nikita Popov 14:22 Most RFCs are maybe not anonymous, but usually either they are 95% accepted, or they rejected really hard. There is not a lot of middle ground. Derick Rethans 14:34 That's pretty good, though. In any case, we will see this in PHP 8, I suppose, coming out later in the year. Nikita Popov 14:39 That's right. Yes. Derick Rethans 14:41 Well, thank you for taking the time today to talk to me about weak references and preloading especially on Windows. Thank you for taking the time. Nikita Popov 14:50 Thanks for having me Derick Derick Rethans 14:52 Thanks for listening to this instalment of PHP internals news, the weekly podcast dedicated to demystifying the development of the PHP language. I maintain a Patreon account for supporters of this podcast, as well as the Xdebug debugging tool. You can sign up for Patreon at https://drck.me/patreon. If you have comments or suggestions, feel free to email them to derick@phpinternals.news. Thank you for listening, and I'll see you next week. Credits Music: Chipper Doodle v2 — Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) — Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0

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Welcome back to my podcast where we're looking back at the English language and how I can help you improve your English skills. It's very important to try and practise these. The sentence I have for you today is - I heard an interesting piece of news on the radio this morning. They're going to give us a days holiday next month. Try to find an English speaking buddy who you can talk to on a regular basis. Countable and uncountable nouns. How to talk about the future. Check out VIP English Learning Club, Online Courses and Skype English lessons at www.englishlessonviaskype.comSupport the show (https://www.englishlessonviaskype.com/easy-peasy-english-club/)

In this episode, we recap the second CNN democratic debate in Detroit, Michigan on July 31, 2019. The candidates participating in this debate were Michael Bennet, Joe Biden, Cory Booker, Julian Castro, Bill de Blasio, Tulsi Gabbard, Kirsten Gillibrand, Kamala Harris, Jay Inslee, and Andrew Yang. We discuss the biggest moments as well as each candidate’s statements and performance. You can watch the full debate on CNN.com. New episode on gun violence coming soon! Send us any questions you have using the below email or social media handles. You can also share your thoughts about the debates and let us know what issues are important to you so we can make sure to cover them in the future. We want to hear from you! Email: 2020survivalguide@gmail.com Instagram and Twitter: @fuckingvotepls Resources: Voting - vote.gov, vote411.org, rockthevote.org Learn - ontheissues.org, issuevoter.org, Countable App, ballotpedia.org Get the facts - politifact.com, fact-check.org Remember you do not have to wait until 2020 to make an impact on the issues you care about. Apply pressure NOW by bombarding your representatives with emails and phone calls. Your can find out who is representing you on the Countable app or by going to ballotpedia.org/who_represents_me But most importantly, please fucking vote.

Techstination, your destination for gadgets and gear.   I’m Fred Fishkin.   When it comes to politics…it is easy to get overwhelmed with information and often misinformation.   A Web site called Countable.us aims to cut through much of the clutter …giving users the basic facts about legislation…how their...

Techstination interview: Countable online political discourse site ready for first debate: COO Paul Stich

Causes grew to a jawdropping 186 million users as one of the first ten Facebook platform apps. Started by Facebook co-founder Sean Parker, it was meant to turn a generation into activists and philanthropists. Causes acquired Votizen to augment shallow clicktivism with a way to remind friends to vote. But after Facebook went mobile and the web platform waned, Parker arranged Causes' sale to his newer civic tech effort Brigade, for which he'd led a $9.

Denisse and Olivia discuss women in politics with a focus on 2020 Democratic Presidential Candidate Kamala Harris. If politics isn't your thing, they chat about how the decisions made in Washington affect all of us every single day. Special mention of the inspiration for Denisse's never worn prom dress that is so 2000s you might cry a little.    Follow us! Lady Hustle Instagram: instagram.com/ladyhustlepodcast   Denisse Instagram: instagram.com/chasingdenisse   Olivia Instagram: instagram.com/throughthesprawl   Like our work? Leave us a review! Or buy us a virtual coffee or two or ten. We'll love you forever: ko-fi.com/ladyhustlepodcast   Media mentioned during the episode:   Pod Save America - Kamala Harris interview   Vox article regarding Kamala - https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/1/23/18184192/kamala-harris-president-campaign-criminal-justice-record   Dr. Christine Blasey Ford, Time Magazine  http://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2019/5567675/christine-blasey-ford/   Michelle Obama, Time Magazine http://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2019/5567670/michelle-obama   Countable app - https://www.countable.us/   Mindy Kaling new show - https://deadline.com/2019/03/mindy-kaling-coming-of-age-comedy-gets-series-order-at-netflix-1202579266/   Mindy Kaling first book, "Is Everyone Hanging Out Without Me?" - https://amzn.to/2XC9AeB Mindy Kaling second book, "Why Not Me?" - https://amzn.to/2Vl24HK   Someone Great - Netflix movie starring Gina Rodriguez, Brittany Snow, DeWanda Wise   Final song is "Great One" by Jessie Reyez    Organizations mentioned to support: Women 4 Women Tempe http://women4womentempe.org/   RAICES Texas https://www.raicestexas.org/  

Bart Myers joins The Great Battlefield podcast to talk about the open political community platform he built, Countable, and how some groups use a version for engaging their own communities and driving action for their political causes.

Nouns refer to a person, place, thing, event, substance or quality. Uncountable nouns are nouns which cannot be counted easily or what we refer to as a mass {see Countable and Uncountable Nouns, A1 level}. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a2-grammar/chapter/uncountable-nouns/

English Grammar A1 Level: Nouns refer to a person, place, thing, event, substance or quality. Countable nouns are nouns considered as separate objects that can be counted with numbers. Uncountable nouns refer to things we consider as a mass, and not as separate objects. https://open.books4languages.com/english-a1-grammar/chapter/countable-and-uncountable-nouns

On this episode of the Link Up Podcast (recorded on June 8th, 2018), hosted by Mr. King, Kana & Woods, we discussed Pusha T & Drake's Beef, Side-chick and Side-chick beef, the changes to the Miss America pageant in 2019 & more.

Fush Yu Mang by Smash Mouth. Nathan doesn’t even have fun being grumpy, Cameron is willing to “give it to him,” and Smash Mouth has a small break in their lives of unending privilege. Learnin' Links: Countable noun There are twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia Rat Race concert scene Listen along to Fush Yu Mang here! You can support us in several ways: Kick us a few bux on Patreon! By becoming a supporting member, you'll gain access to special bonus episodes, including a new weekly mini-show, What's in the Box Weekly! Buy T-shirts, sweatshirts, and more at our merch page!

Every week, we bring you practice interviews, quizzes, resources, and the latest news that help you get ready for your US citizenship interview. Before we begin, we would like to note that the Senatei s discussing the nomination for the next Supreme Court justice. Please follow the debate and vote on VOANews.com. You can also use the Countable app to contact your Senators and make your opinion known about this issue and other upcoming legislation. Today we will listen to our second interview with Officer David. You can download the Basic Citizenship Interview at uscitizenpod.com and practice with a classmate, friend, or family member. Let's get started! A Basic Citizenship Interview based on the USCIS Revised N-400 (2pgs, 38 qs) pdf: http://goo.gl/cFLBsA pptx https://goo.gl/eh19Gh video: https://youtu.be/DnD5GRf1oDI vocab ppt: https://goo.gl/uiOJJc pdf: N-400r Basic Interview Quiz Part 01 to Part 11 http://goo.gl/e9NnSR (new url) pdf: N-400r Basic Interview Quiz Part 12 http://goo.gl/U4cjDA (new url) LISTEN to US Citizenship Podcast: US Citizenship Podcast Show website https://uscitizenpod.libsyn.com/ US Citizenship Podcast Daily blog: https://www.uscitizenpod.com/ Our videos on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/uscitizenpod Order "US Citizenship Bootcamp: Exercises and Quizzes to Pass the Naturalization Interview" by Jennifer Gagliardi

Lane does the podcast SOLO (Jason Derulo style) this week. Topics include back to school woes, loogies that don't land where they should & sea turtle tattoos. Countable is an app that makes it quick & easy to understand the laws Congress is considering. They streamline the process of contacting your lawmaker, so you can tell them how you want them to vote on bills under consideration. Learn more: https://www.countable.us/  Wed & Woke's Countable Action Page: https://www.countable.us/profiles/wedandwoke 

Alex Kouts (@akouts) is a teacher, adventure technologist, Chief Product Officer of Countable, and -- as you'll soon discover -- quite savvy in negotiation. This is part three of a three-part series. Make sure to check out parts one and two! What We Discuss with Alex Kouts: Why the post-mortem of the way a negotiation plays out rarely finds tactics to be responsible for the outcome -- and what actually is. What we should remember about the human beings on the other side of the negotiation table in relation to our own ability to leverage a desirable outcome. The toolbox of tactics that opens up to us when we can put ourselves in the shoes of the people with whom we're negotiating rather than focusing on our own emotions. Questions we can ask someone on the other side of the table to understand who we're dealing with, what motivates them, and put them in a position to react to us rather than the other way around. How to better look outward rather than inward when under the stress of a negotiation in progress. And much more... Like this show? Please leave us a review here -- even one sentence helps! Consider including your Twitter handle so we can thank you personally! Sign up for Six-Minute Networking -- our free networking and relationship development mini course -- at jordanharbinger.com/course! Full show notes and resources can be found here.

Alex Kouts (@akouts) is a teacher, adventure technologist, Chief Product Officer of Countable, and -- as you'll soon discover -- quite savvy in negotiation. This is part two of a three-part series. Make sure to check out parts one and three! What We Discuss with Alex Kouts: How to control a negotiation by making the other side reactive. Common mistakes that result in amateurs (and sometimes even professionals) negotiating against themselves. Understand how to use strategic silence -- and know when strategic silence is being used against you. How negotiations tend to differ for women and men. What we gain by giving the other party the illusion of control over the negotiation and what we can do to nudge them in that direction. And much more... Like this show? Please leave us a review here -- even one sentence helps! Consider including your Twitter handle so we can thank you personally! Sign up for Six-Minute Networking -- our free networking and relationship development mini course -- at jordanharbinger.com/course! Full show notes and resources can be found here.

Alex Kouts (@akouts) is a teacher, adventure technologist, Chief Product Officer of Countable, and -- as you'll soon discover -- quite savvy in negotiation. This is part one of a three-part series. Make sure to check out parts two and three! What We Discuss with Alex Kouts: How to negotiate for anything -- from your salary to a new mattress. How the relation between progress and pain works. Why no talent + hard work will always beat talent + no work. Is Google stalking to prepare for an interview or negotiation a good thing? How many "no" answers can you get in five days -- and what could this possibly teach you about negotiation? And much more... Like this show? Please leave us a review here -- even one sentence helps! Consider including your Twitter handle so we can thank you personally! Sign up for Six-Minute Networking -- our free networking and relationship development mini course -- at jordanharbinger.com/course! Full show notes and resources can be found here.

We always mention nursing homes, the high cost of care, and Medicaid. But many people really don’t understand how all of this ties together. Today, we are going to discuss some real life examples of clients we’ve worked with. Obviously, we can’t share actual client’s names, but we can share enough of the stories for our listeners to get a better understanding! Basics – Healthcare insurance such as Medicare or your Medicare Supplemental policy will not pay for long term care (nursing home) – at most it may pay for up to 100 days. LTC insurance products that are substantially more expensive may pay for a portion of this care. Easy way to remember “Medicare doesn’t care anymore if you need LTC”; what you’d need after Medicare is private pay, LTC ins., or Medicaid Home & car = exempt during your life (and your spouse’s) Crisis Planning – when a person hasn’t planned in advance and uses our services after loved one is in nursing home or needs one in near future (within 5 years) Asset Protection (ie. 5 yr. planning) – when a person/couple plans 5 years prior to a potential care need to protect selected assets Medicaid – state pays most of care costs, but patient’s income will go toward care costs, married person’s outcome may be slightly different. Care costs does not include the maintenance, insurance, taxes related to the home Estate Recovery – WV is required by federal law to recoup what they spent on a Medicaid recipient from their estate upon their death. Countable assets become part of the recipient’s estate upon their death (or their spouse’s death whichever is later. Our more recent clients have received a letter from DHHR upon their death for the state to consider what assets remain. Life insurance – Combined cash value of $1500 counts as an asset. Most people have very little knowledge about what life ins. they have and its value. Keep better records on that! Crisis Planning Rule of Thumb: Marital status: Single person: Can usually save about ½ of assets while spending about ½ of assets on care Married couple: Can usually save most of the assets Pros: Can usually save some assets or proceeds of assets, but must move quickly and liquidate asap Cons: Usually have to liquidate all or most of the countable assets, but

Many indviduals, couples, and families are concerned that a nursing home stay will cause them to deplete their life savnigs, and force them to lose their home to the State of Louisiana when they die due to the State's Estate Recovery Rights. While it is important to take advantage of legal strategies to protect your estate from nursing home poverty at least five years before you wind up in a nursing home, it's also important to understand what you can and cannot own at the time one goes into a nursing home and applies for Louisiana Long Term Care Medicaid. A single person can have no more than $2,000 of Countable Resources when they apply for Louisiana Long Term Care Medicaid. Bank accounts are a Countable Resource. This post takes a closer look at four key Medicaid rules regarding bank accounts as a Countable Resource for purposes of Louisiana Long Term Care Medicaid. (1) 1st Day of Month. Medicaid counts the balance shown by your bank for the first moment of the first day of the month. Be prepared to furnish banking records. (2) Encumbrances Deducted From Bank Balance. If you have written a check for a legal obligation, and that check has not cleared by the first moment of the first day of the month, the encumbrance may be deducted from the actual bank balance. (3) Unrestricted Access ("or") Accounts. The Medicaid applicant is presumed to be the owner of all funds held in an "or" account. (4) Rebutting the Presumption for an "or" Account. If the Medicaid applicant is not the owner of funds in an "or" account, the applicant can rebut the presumption of ownership by providing written and corroborating statements regarding ownership, withdrawals, and deposits, along with a change in account title or the establishment of a new account with only the Medicaid applicant's funds. This post is for informational purposes only and does not provide legal advice. Please do not act or refrain from acting based on anything you read on this site. Using this site or communicating with Rabalais Estate Planning, LLC, through this site does not form an attorney/client relationship. Paul Rabalais Louisiana Estate Planning Attorney www.RabalaisEstatePlanning.com Phone: (225) 329-2450

Countable and uncountable

Hosted by Odofoley Oquaye, Mercedes Wright, Mercer Prescott, Rico Saint, and F. Khristopher Blue.Do you celebrate Thanksgiving? Black Friday? Cyber Monday?If you have to give up one dish at the Thanksgiving table, what would it be?Firefighters in North Carolina will continue to fly a Confederate flag over their taxpayer-funded fire house despite the fact that their political choice could financially devastate the department.Who does that? Racists is the default answer hiding under the guise of heritage but some would call TREASON.Justice League review... is Rotten Tomatoes throwing tomatoes due to internal conflict at WB (the part owner of that site by the way)?Chrisette Michelle puts out music to silence the haters but just have them hating that much more... peep the song and offer your opinion.Commercials: Youtube Red #youtubered , Countable app #countable , MoviePass.com #moviepass --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/theurbanbreakdown/message

For the first half of our program, we’re going to look at what’s happening around the world this week. We’ll begin with a discussion of China’s most important political event that ended on Tuesday - the Communist Party Congress. Next, we’ll address the results of Czech elections and the nomination of the Populist billionaire Andrej Babiš. After that, we’ll discuss the discovery by scientists from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) of a 30 mile-long cave on the surface of the moon. And finally, we’ll talk about a rumor that has spread throughout social media this week. Xi Jinping is China’s most powerful leader since Mao Zedong Populist billionaire to become next Czech leader Cave on moon’s surface could serve as shelter for humans Melania Trump imposter theory captivates the internet As always, the second part of our show will be dedicated to American culture and the English language. In the grammar section of our program, we’ll illustrate the use of today’s topic: Countable and Uncountable Nouns. And we’ll close this week’s program with a new English expression: “To go back to the drawing board.”

Bart Myers, the founder of Countable, comes onto the show. He tells us how citizens can use the platform to become more involved in the political process simply by using his app. Additionally, we discuss Countable's impact, who uses it, and what the future holds for the service. … More Ep. 16: Countable CEO and Founder, Bart Myers

Bart Myers, the founder of Countable, comes onto the show. He tells us how citizens can use the platform to become more involved in the political process simply by using his app. Additionally, we discuss Countable's impact, who uses it, and what the future holds for the service. … More Ep. 16: Countable CEO and Founder, Bart Myers The post Ep. 16: Countable CEO and Founder, Bart Myers appeared first on The Edge of Ideas.

This week, we chat first with Bart Myers, founder and head of Countable.us, an app that alerts users when and how their members of congress are voting. And then we talk with Matt Kiser, creator of the news aggregator site, Whatthef**khappenedtoday.com, which provides a daily tracking of the various outrages and developments coming from the Trump administration. All that, plus our weekly call to action, and a dose of good news!

It feels like the quality of discourse in the United States, and many other countries, gets worse every single day. Especially political discourse. But in online community settings, it is possible to identify the the threads to civil discourse and neutralize them. The National Institute for Civil Discourse (NICD) gives tools and tactics to elected officials, the media and the public, in an effort to help everyone engage in a more civil way. NICD director of social media Tracey Todd joins the show to discuss a series of common threats to civil discourse, and how we might approach them. Plus: The impact of Donald Trump on discourse Has civility become a buzzword used by those who aren’t actually civil? Where Tracey finds optimism in discourse right now Big Quotes “What we saw, with the implementation of the 24 hour news cycle, was this ravenous need for information at all periods. Which then, in turn, makes certain items pressing news that ordinarily wouldn’t have become top news in previous years. … I think that has added to the vitriol because there’s so much information. There are so many voices, and we have a number of people who are appealing to their baser instincts to really cut through the traffic.” -@TraceyTodd “We’re seeing hate actually be validated from the highest office in the country, so I think we sit at a very dangerous juncture in our country and in our dialogue.” -@TraceyTodd “Facebook is a news provider. Twitter is a news provider. Snapchat is a news provider. There’s a responsibility there in the messages that are spread using those platforms.” -@TraceyTodd “I think we’ve seen civility utilized in ways where, whenever it’s convenient for a political side, that’s who will be the champion of civility. Which I think is really dangerous, because that’s a hollow civility. That’s not really civility. It’s really that you want to quiet the other side.” -@TraceyTodd “I think there has to be a re-acknowledgement of the fact that a fact is a fact. Two plus two always equals four. There’s not a contention as to what that is. But I think now everything has become so malleable to where we think anything is subjective, and it’s open to interpretation, when it just isn’t the case. We also have to look at these groups that are utilizing [the perceived] amorphousness of information to spread their agenda. What is the ultimate goal of misinformation and disseminating information that will be less than true? There has to be some ambition behind that.” -TraceyTodd “Likes and those sort of approval markers have become the currency for everything from advertisers to your self-esteem for today, so you’re having people doing whatever it takes to receive those individual approval markers and whatever it takes to stand out is often appealing to more base instincts or unsavory things because it goes back to ‘If it bleeds, it leads,’ which is essentially saying sensationalism wins out every time.” -@TraceyTodd “When you value something, you’re less likely to try to ruin it.” -@patrickokeefe “I think the incivility is the symptom of the larger sickness, which is economic uncertainty and political anonymity, where people feel anonymous to these politicians that they’ve voted in to represent them. I think those are the core issues that fuel the incivility, the vitriol, the hate, the harassment.” -@TraceyTodd “It’s always a mistake when companies that deal with user generated content of any kind don’t prioritize policies and enforcement of those policies early on. When they try to do it later, it is so much more difficult because the culture and the expectations have already been set. Frankly, some platforms have only themselves to blame and perhaps even selfishly so. Like the reason some of them don’t prioritize these issues is because they want to get as much traffic as quickly as they can, and they see community standards as a hindrance to that because it leads to them turning some people away. And then when they make their money and they want to be respectable, they try to change and it’s a nightmare.” -@patrickokeefe About Tracey Todd Tracey Todd plays a leading role at the National Institute for Civil Discourse to encourage a social media environment where Americans can not only connect and have civil dialogues about the issues facing the nation but also feel connected to creating outcomes from those discussions. Related Links Sponsor: Higher Logic, the community platform for community managers Tracey’s website National Institute for Civil Discourse, a nonpartisan center for advocacy, research and policy, where Tracey is director of social media “Danger of ‘Civility’ Being Used as Pretext to Shut Down Debate” by Tim Steller for the Arizona Daily Star, where NICD executive director Carolyn Lukensmeyer commented that we haven’t seen this level of political division since Reconstruction Rebecca Newton, Jonathan Bailey, Lara Harmon, Elizabeth Koenig, Rachel Medanic and Sue John, all of whom contributed threat suggestions to this episode Community Signal episode with Andrew Losowsky of The Coral Project “A Guide to Crap Detection Resources,” maintained by Howard Rheingold and Robin Good “How CNN and The New York Times Moderate Comments” by Patrick, where David Williams of CNN commented on anonymity “How One Stupid Tweet Blew Up Justine Sacco’s Life” by Jon Ronson for The New York Times Magazine, which Tracey cited as an example of posting something online without thinking of the actual repercussions Wikipedia page for censorship of Facebook, mentioning China’s censorship of the social network after it was used  as a tool by activists OpenGov Foundation, a “fiercely apolitical non-profit 501(c)3 organization dedicated to serving those who serve the people in America’s legislatures” Countable, providing U.S. citizens with concise summaries of legislation Hoaxy, which visualizes how claims spread through social media Snopes, a fact-checking website, that has been identifying untrue claims since 1994 PolitiFact, a Pulitzer Prize-winning fact-checking website Rest in peace, Prodigy NICD on Twitter Transcript View the transcript on our website Your Thoughts If you have any thoughts on this episode that you’d like to share, please leave me a comment, send me an email or a tweet. If you enjoy the show, we would be so grateful if you spread the word and supported Community Signal on Patreon. Thank you for listening to Community Signal.

Alex Kouts (@akouts) is a teacher, civic tech startup guy, adventure technologist, and Chief Product Officer of Countable, "your dashboard for democracy." He rejoins the show to explain the seven deadly sins of reading the news that are committed in our society now more than ever. "Everybody is one extreme experience away from changing their mind on almost anything." -Alex Kouts The Cheat Sheet: Understand the most common logical fallacies and cognitive biases -- the seven deadly sins -- that betray our ability to understand the news. Learn how to read the news -- not just how to select it, but how to scrutinize it. Discover what triggers people and who really benefits from the resultant emotions generated. Recognize how an ever-dizzying amount of information makes that information nearly impossible to rationally process. Find out how laziness in consuming information makes us wilfully ignorant to the point of self-victimization. And so much more... Learn over 500 subjects (no tests or homework!) at The Great Courses Plus -- The Art of Charm listeners get one month free here! Want to wash two loads and dry two loads of laundry at the same time? The new Wi-Fi enabled Samsung FlexWash and FlexDry washer and dryer pair can do it -- and you can get it now at The Home Depot! Wearing a stylish timepiece shouldn't break the bank. Art of Charm listeners can find out why MVMT is the fastest-growing watch company in the world for 15% off with free shipping and free returns here! Save money on travel and get a free Amazon gift card every time you use Upside! Enter the code FORBES at checkout here and you're guaranteed a free $200 Amazon gift card your first time (minimum purchase required)! Does your business have an Internet presence? Now save a whopping 50% on new webhosting packages here with HostGator by using coupon code CHARM! Free yourself from typing notes, reports, and documents by going with the transcriptionists we trust here at AoC: TranscriptionOutsourcing.net -- 99% or higher accuracy guaranteed! Find out more about the team who makes The Art of Charm podcast here! Show notes at https://theartofcharm.com/614/ HELP US SPREAD THE WORD! If you dig the show, please subscribe in iTunes and write us a review! This is what helps us stand out from the crowd and help people find the credible advice they need. Review the show in iTunes! We rely on it! http://www.theartofcharm.com/mobilereview Stay Charming!

Edition #1094 Today we look at a variety of ways to bring the disability rights movement into the mainstream of media, advocacy and the world Be part of the show! Leave a message at 202-999-3991 Show Notes Ch. 1: Opening Theme: A Fond Farewell - From a Basement On the Hill Ch. 2: Act 1: Media coverage of disabilities and the ADA getting better but still lacking - CounterSpin (@FAIRmediawatch) - Air Date 7-31-15 Ch. 3: Song 1: Nothing Is Good Enough (Instrumental) - Aimee Mann Ch. 4: Act 2: Bringing disability into the mainstream of diversity - Off Kilter (@TalkPoverty) - Air Date: 7-2-15 Ch. 5: Song 2: Going Home - Niklas Aman Ch. 6: Act 3: Discrimination in immigration then and now - Backstory - Air Date 2-10-17 Ch. 7: Song 3: The Cave - Piano Tribute Players Ch. 8: Act 4: On Disability and Representation - Black Girls Talking - Air Date 7-20-16 Ch. 9: Song 4: Julie-O - Kevin "KO" Olusola Ch. 10: Act 5: Stop HR 620: Tell Congress to #ProtectADA via @NDRNAdvocates - Best of the Left Activism Ch. 11: Song 5: La Valse d'Amélie (Version Orchestre) - Yann Tiersen Ch. 12: Act 6: Elise Roy: When we design for disability, we all benefit - @TEDTalks - Air Date 11-12-16 Ch. 23: Final comments Bonus Clip 1: Nick Dupree's Story: A Medicaid Victory - All Things Considered - Air Date 2-12-03 Bonus Clip 2: Nick Dupree Fought To Live 'Like Anyone Else' - All Things Considered - Air Date 2-22-17 Bonus Clip 3: Tribute to Nick Dupree - @dccommonsense w/ Dan Carlin - Air Date 3-15-17 Closing Music: Here We Are - Everyone's in Everyone Activism: TAKE ACTION  Visit the NDRN website to read up on the response to HR 620 and learn what you can do to protect the ADA Call Congress, especially the 14 co-sponsors of HR 620 (7 Republicans, 7 Democrats)  Learn more about disability culture and experiences through personal stories via Disability Visibility Project and about the importance of disabled people in public service via #CriptheVote. EDUCATE YOURSELF   HR 620: ADA Education and Reform Act of 2017 (via Countable.us)  Overview of Concerns on HR 620 (via NDRN.org) Consortium for Citizens with Disabilities Letter of Opposition for ADA Education and Reform Act of 2017, HR 620 (via NDRN.org) People with Disabilities Battle Trump (via Workers World) Denham bill would fight ADA lawsuit abuse (via Central Valley Business Journal) Written by BOTL Communications Director, Amanda Hoffman Produced by Jay! Tomlinson Thanks for listening! Visit us at BestOfTheLeft.com Check out the BotL iOS/Android App in the App Stores! Follow at Twitter.com/BestOfTheLeft Like at Facebook.com/BestOfTheLeft Contact me directly at Jay@BestOfTheLeft.com Review the show on iTunes and Stitcher!

Edition #1092 Today we look at the ways in which both corporate and governmental institutions are looking to gain more and more access to your private data and communications Be part of the show! Leave a message at 202-999-3991   ​Show Notes Ch. 1: Opening Theme: A Fond Farewell - From a Basement On the Hill Ch. 2: Act 1: Clarifying exactly how much you're getting screwed by internet companies - @HumorlessQueers - Air Date 3-25-17 Ch. 3: Song 1: I'm Confused - Handsome Furs Ch. 4: Act 2: You're getting bought and sold by marketers online - The Benjamin Dixon Show (@TheBpDShow) - Air Date 3-28-17 Ch. 5: Song 2: Corporate America - SuperMonkey Ch. 6: Act 3: The racist application of surveillance laws through history - @theLFshow w @GRITlaura Flanders - Air Date 2-15-17 Ch. 7: Song 3: Privacy - Michael Jackson Ch. 8: Act 4: Section 702 Is In the Spotlight - On The Media - Air Date 3-24-17 Ch. 9: Song 4: Private Eyes - Daryl Hall & John Oates Ch. 10: Act 5: FCC Under Trump: Net Neutrality & Internet Freedom Faces New Attack - @DemocracyNow - Air Date: 02-14-17 Ch. 11: Song 5: Feet to the Fire - the hereafter Ch. 12: Act 6: Prepare to #SavetheInternet…AGAIN via @FreePress and @EFF - Best of the Left Activism Ch. 13: Song 6: This Fickle World - Theo Bard Ch. 14: Act 7: Edward Snowden on the Vault 7 leaks - Intercepted (@theintercept) - Air Date 3-15-17 Voicemails Ch. 15: Thoughts on our complicated health care system - Steve from New York Ch. 16: Inclusion needs to include the disabled - Annie from Alabama Voicemail Music: Loud Pipes - Classics Ch. 17: Final comments on the need for more solidarity with the disabled Closing Music: Here We Are - Everyone's in Everyone Activism: TAKE ACTION  Sign up for updates at FreePress.net and EFF.org Follow FreePress on Twitter @FreePress and Facebook; Follow EFF on Twitter @EFF and Facebook  Stay up to date on all the latest proposed legislation related to privacy on Countable.us EDUCATE YOURSELF House Republicans Vote to Destroy FCC's Online Privacy Protections (FreePress.net) Net Neutrality Is Trump’s Next Target, Administration Says (The New York Times) They Attacked Privacy. Net Neutrality is Next. (FreePress.net) Letter to FCC Chairman Ajit Pai from Keith Ellison and 30 other Senators on Preserving Net Neutrality (Ellison.house.gov) The inventor of the Web predicts ‘a massive outcry’ over online privacy (The Washington Post) Should an FCC Rule Imposing Data Privacy Requirements on Internet Service Providers be Repealed? (Countable.us) Written by BOTL Communications Director, Amanda Hoffman Produced by Jay! Tomlinson Thanks for listening! Visit us at BestOfTheLeft.com Check out the BotL iOS/Android App in the App Stores! Follow at Twitter.com/BestOfTheLeft Like at Facebook.com/BestOfTheLeft Contact me directly at Jay@BestOfTheLeft.com Review the show on iTunes and Stitcher!

Edition #1091 Today we look at the multi-front political battles being waged for the heart of the progressive movement, women’s movement, the Democratic party and the county as a whole Be part of the show! Leave a message at 202-999-3991 Show Notes Ch. 1: Opening Theme: A Fond Farewell - From a Basement On the Hill Ch. 2: Act 1: A roundup of grassroots resistance groups - Start Making Sense from @TheNation - Air Date 3-8-17 Ch. 3: Song 1: A Lot of Work to Do - Friendly People Ch. 4: Act 2: Intersectional feminism is looking to tear down the capitalism establishment - Off Kilter (@TalkPoverty) - Air Date 3-8-17 Ch. 5: Song 2: Intersectionality - Those American Girls Ch. 6: Act 3: The Democratic party needs to debate it's differences - The Zero Hour w @RJEskow - Air Date 3-4-17 Ch. 7: Song 3: Keep On Moving Forward - Emma's Revolution Ch. 8: Act 4: Why we can't abandon the red states - Belabored (@DissentMag) - Air Date 3-24-17 Ch. 9: Song 4: Immigrants (We Get the Job Done) - K'naan, Snow Tha Product, Riz MC & Residente Ch. 10: Act 5: A coalition of movements arise under Trump - @theLFshow w @GRITlaura Flanders - Air Date 3-15-17 Ch. 11: Song 5: Workers of the World Unite! - The Last Internationale Ch. 12: Act 6: Nancy Pelosi Has Super Secret Plan To Keep Losing - @theyoungturks - Air Date: 03-24-17 Ch. 13: Song 6: Master Plan - My Morning Jacket Ch. 14: Act 7: The messaging of inevitability for the progressive movement - The Zero Hour w: @RJEskow - Air Date 3-4-17 Ch. 15: Song 7: Inevitable - Scissor Sisters Ch. 16: Act 8: Tap Into the Tools for ‘The Resistance’ - Best of the Left Activism Ch. 17: Song 8: Time for Action - Secret Affair Ch. 18: Act 9: Women in the age of Trump and what the movement looks like - We the Podcast with Rep. @keithellison - Air Date 3-30-17 Voicemails Ch. 19: We need to push for single payer - Zach from Atlanta, GA Ch. 20: An update on conservatives in my community - V from Central New York Voicemail Music: Loud Pipes - Classics Ch. 21: Final comments on the progressive movement; past, present and future Closing Music: Here We Are - Everyone's in Everyone Activism: TAKE ACTION Use these websites and apps as part of your Resistance Plan: 5Calls.org  Countable.us ResistanceCalendar.org ResistanceManual.org ActionAlliance.co READ: "Your Guide to the Sprawling New Anti-Trump Resistance Movement" (via The Nation) Written by BOTL Communications Director, Amanda Hoffman Produced by Jay! Tomlinson Thanks for listening! Visit us at BestOfTheLeft.com Check out the BotL iOS/Android App in the App Stores! Follow at Twitter.com/BestOfTheLeft Like at Facebook.com/BestOfTheLeft Contact me directly at Jay@BestOfTheLeft.com Review the show on iTunes and Stitcher!

This week its me interviewing Rob, an International School Teacher with a sweet website all about the craftiness that is craft beers. Grab a cold on and....   Enjoy!   Right click here to download the MP3   [Follow ALTInsider on social media: Twitter | Instagram | Facebook | Youtube]   Things Mentioned in This Episode:   BeerTengoku.com - Twitter - Facebook - Instagram Yuzawa, Niigata My experience with Eikaiwa Teaching Shane English Teaching TESOL explained Countable and Uncountable Nouns #ThePullofGettingDrunkisStrong   Thing to Do: Check out BeerTengoku's latest article here: "Soapbox Article 10: Paying More for Less" Discuss this show (or anything else you want) with other like-minded peeps on the ALTInsider discord by clicking the image below:

After the presidential election, like so many of us Valerie Schull a single mom in Chicago, was angry. She got motivated. Shull is co-founder of a local resistance group that is fight against change in federal and local governments that do not support their progressive beliefs. Their mission statement: We work to BLOCK harm to ourselves and others, BUILD for future progressive candidates who govern for the people and BE the change and good we want to see. Valerie is a personal friend, and has become my political mentor for making that change that I, too, want to see. Every single day she takes action, and leads others in doing so. Here are the highlights from our interview: How does a busy single mom find time to be an activist?  "It takes 30 seconds to make a phone call to your senator." "You don't have to do it all." Attend someone else's party. Join someone's activist group. Take the action provided by a leader in your community. What happens when you show up at your representative's office and demand action? "They're knocked back on their heels" without a stance on issues, Shull said. The fumbling politician is now in your hands. This is an opportunity to help them write policy that supports your beliefs.  Every bit of activism makes a difference. If you're nervous about speaking on the phone or in public, leave a voice mail after hours.  Phone busy? Call back. They do empty voice boxes. Try again. Calls are powerful because staff have to man the phones, and have to deal with you immediately and pay attention now!  Letters are effective, because legally they have to tally your responses and respond to constituencies in writing. Do call even if you live in a blue state, your representative needs call tallies to back up their arguments. Live in a blue bubble? "Don't assume where your representatives stand. When take for granted, asleep at the wheel again," Shull says. Then, reach out to friends and family who live in other states where red states and urge them to call, because only constituent calls matter.  Contact Indivisible groups in other districts to support them at town hall meetings. Even if you are in a red state where you worry your presence or calls do not count, show up! Find like-minded people and hold each other accountable. "If only 10 of you, that is 10 people showing up at Oren Hatch's door — and he's not used to "It does matter. It is cathartic. It is energizing." Fun is key. Yelling at your representative is fun!  Valerie and her daughter Emma at the Women's March in Chicago.   "My goal is keeping up this momentum so we don't all fall asleep again before we get through this shit-storm."     It's important she takes her daughter Emma, 8. "I want her to see what it looks like being an engaged and active citizen. I want her to have that sense of agency." Resources: Daily Action Text the word DAILY to 228466 (A-C-T-I-O-N), then enter your ZIP code to sign up. You will subsequently receive one text message every workday about an issue that we have determined to be urgent based on where you live. Countable  Get concise summaries of bills going through Congress, see what others think, then take action with email and now video messages. Wall of Us  Four actionable acts of resistence delivered to your email each week. The Indivisible Guide Written by former Congressional staff breaks down in real-people talk exactly how politics work, using Tea Party's successful tactics, and how to apply them to the current administration.   Find your local Indivisible group in your neighborhood. Emily's Group  "We ignite change by getting pro-choice Democratic women elected to office."   Related Podcast: Liberal mother’s message to kids about the election  

Queen & J. are two womanist race nerds talking liberation, politics, and pop-culture over tea. Drink up! On this episode… Michael Jackson was a genius with a pet monkey, but is Beyoncé doing too much? Also Black fat, Black health and white supremacy. This week’s hot list: The biggest star in the world is a Black woman – can she live tho?, Beyonce vs. Solange: Why Tho?, Quinta B.’s new webseries “Up For Adoption”, the Countable app, did Adele “I have Black friends” us or nah?, Black body image/health/femininity and white supremacy – a love story. Tweet us while you listen! #teawithqj @teawithqj WEBSITE www.TeaWithQueenAndJ.com SOCIAL MEDIA Twitter & Instagram: @TeawithQJ Facebook: www.facebook.com/TeawithQueenandJ Tumblr: teawithqueenandj.tumblr.com EMAIL teawithqueenandj@gmail.com DONATE www.paypal.me/teawithqj NOTES & EXTRA TEA Watch Quinta Brunson’s new webseries “Up For Adoption” here: https://www.go90.com/profiles/va_130a15303de7402897f8af4cc564fb46 Contact your reps, influence congress and vote on bills with the Countable app: https://www.countable.us/ Kareem Abdul-Jabbar: Body Shaming Black Female Athletes Is Not Just About Race: http://time.com/3964758/body-shaming-black-female-athletes/ BMI: Is the Scale Broken for Black Women?: http://blackdoctor.org/451648/bmi-and-african-american-women__trashed/2/ Check out this month’s tea sponsor Plum Deluxe Tea! Organic loose leaf tea blends, made just for you: http://www.plumdeluxe.com/teashop This week’s closing clip features Little Richard at the 1988 Grammy’s: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQ-qRSsmg10 Libations to @Conscious for engineering this episode at Bondfire Radio! Be sure to check out www.Bondfireradio.com for more dope programming. Libations to Ohene Cornelius for our show intro, check out his latest album Flight Risk available everywhere online now. You can find Ohene on instagram and twitter @ohenecornelius and online at www.ohenecornelius.com Libations to T.Flint for our News That's Not News intro! Find him at www.TFlintVoices.com

Itching to do something that makes a real change, but not sure where to begin? This week's Please Explain with Ami Dar, founder and executive director of Idealist, and Alex Kouts, chief product officer at Countable, is all about social activism. We'll be answering your questions about ways to become politically active, whether that means simply educating yourself on bills, participating in town halls, or contacting your representatives. We'll also be discussing ways to find volunteer opportunities that match your interests, skills, and availability.  Have questions about social activism and/or volunteering? Send us your questions in a comment below, or let us know on Twitter or Facebook, or leave us a message on Anchor.  

This week on YBO, we welcomed "bike" Reese and Lacie from New Orleans and Miami. They shared some of their stories from Reese's birthday trip along with their newly found accent from New Orleans. Next we discussed the New Edition 3 part series and why people should watch it. We then followed up with talking about Trump's antics regarding building the Mexican Wall and his executive order to ban Muslims and other refugees from entering the United States. Lacie shared a twitter thread that shows how each senator in the United States feels about Trump's banning policy. She also introduced an app called "Countable" and discussed its benefits. Reese brought up a new PBS documentary called, "Divided States of America" and gave us her take on it. Then we discussed Chrisette Michelle's performance at the inaugural ball and if it was worth it. We shared our thoughts about the Uber vs. Lyft situation and discussed some significant news stories that occurred over the past few weeks. As usual, we concluded the episode with our difficult "one gotta go" scenario, Reese's "Anon", the quote & the empowerment of the week, and ended with our question of the week. Check out episode 20 and don't forget to rate and review on itunes!

Markov processes with countable state-spaces are developed in terms of the embedded Markov chain. The steady-state process probabilities and the steady-state transition probabilities are treated.

After reviewing the three major renewal theorems, we introduce Markov chains with countable state spaces. The matrix approach for finite-state chains is replaced by renewals based on first-passage times.

This lecture begins with a discussion of convergence WP1 related to a quiz problem. Then positive and null recurrence, steady state, birth-death chains, and reversibility are covered.

In this lecture, the professor covers sample-time M/M/1 queue, Burke’s theorem, branching processes, and Markov processes with countable state spaces.

This week, we talk world geography with Jonathan McBride.  We discuss celebrity GPS voices.  We try to gauge how much longer we have until homophobia dies out.  We use the Countable app to monitor our government, and we give three cheers for taylor ham and The Garden State.

The nineteenth lecture in Dr Joel Feinstein's G11FPM Foundations of Pure Mathematics module covers a brief discussion of different sizes of infinity. (The video “Beyond Infinity” may also be helpful here.) Sets with the same cardinality. Countable sets and uncountable sets defined. Connections between functions and sequences. Countability in terms of sequences. The union of two countable sets is countable. (Proved at the start of next class.) These videos are also available on YouTube a

Kate Hodesdon (Nancy) gives a talk at the Workshop on Mathematics: Objectivity by Representation (11 November, 2014) titled "Discernibility from a countable perspective". Abstract: In this talk I discuss formal methods for discerning between uncountably many objects with a countable language, building on recent work of James Ladyman, Øystein Linnebo and Richard Pettigrew. In particular, I show how stability theory provides the resources to characterize theories in which this is possible, and discuss the limitations of the stability theoretic approach.

Show NotesIn which we start with a look at some really neat apps designed to ease political engagement in the United States and then branch out to talk about the limits of political engagement, the importance of valuing other forms of public life, and what it means to be fully-realized human beings. CorrigendaChris said that Countable addresses local politics; it does not. It focuses on national bills in the House and Senate. Also, he mentioned the Westminster Confession but meant the Westminster Shorter Catechism. Chapters Intro (0:29) Techo-Utopianism (0:29–9:24) 8,000 Years of Human History (9:24–18:40) Do You Know Your Neighbors (18:40–24:24) Conclusion (24:24–25:26) Bloopers (25:26–26:08) Music “Those Days” by Noire. Used by permission. “Winning Slowly Theme” by Chris Krycho. He dances a little jig inside every time someone starts whistling this theme after listening to an episode. Or he would if he knew about it. Links The things we talk about in the show that might interest you. Click them! Click them! Countable Simpolfy IndieGoGo campaign Sites that aim to produce non-partisan information useful to the public for political engagement (listed alphabetically): Congress.gov—for access to bill listings The Cook Political Report FactCheck.org Pew Research Center Politifact.com Pro Publica To Change the World: The Irony, Tragedy, and Possibility of Christianity in the Late Modern World, James Davison Hunter Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, Robert D. Putnam The Westminster Shorter Catechism

More on diagonalization in preparation for proving, by diagonalization, that ATM is not decidable. Proof that the set of all Turing Machines is countable.

Aprender ingles gratis con La Mansion del Ingles. Un podcast para mejorar la gramatica, el vocabulario y la pronunciacion del inglés. Una leccion del ingles con ejemplos y ejercicios. Learn English free with podcasts from La Mansion del Ingles. Improve your grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation. This English lesson contains examples and exercises. Podcast Transcription  Hi and welcome to another Mansión Inglés podcast from mansioningles.com, recorded for September 2010. For most of you, September means back to work, back to school and back to the routine. That’s what it means for us here at La Mansión del Inglés. We hope you’ve had a good summer. Esperamos que hubieras pasado muy bien el verano y que estéis listos para practicar ingles de nuevo con nosotros.  The first exercise in this month’s Newsletter – el primero ejercicio en el cuaderno este mes – was about the difference between job and work. – la diferencia entre el nombre contable job – “I have 2 jobs”, y el nombre incontable work .” I have a lot of work”. Work puede ser contable en el caso de una obra de arte. The works of William Shakespeare o the works of Pablo Picasso. Listen and repeat some example sentences. Escucha y repite algunas frases de ejemplo. I’ve got a new job. The mechanic did a fantastic job. He’s got a lot of work this weekend. Nota la pronunciación de a lot of - /e/ /lot/ /ev/ repeat: a lot of – a lot of work – got a lot of work – he’s got a lot of work. Learning English is hard work. Do a good job. Work well. He’s a good worker – es buen trabajador – He works well.- trabaja bien. You’ve never done a hard day’s work in your life! Es lo dice mi padre. Hard work? Hard work? You don’t know what hard work is! You’ve never done a day’s work in your life! She’s always changing jobs. Does your new computer work with Windows 7? – Does it work? Yes, it works. It works very well. - Is it working now? How long does it take you to get to work? Let’s move on to our list of irregular verbs. Vamos a seguir con la lista de verbos irregulares.  ¿Qué es el verbo leer en inglés? To read Escucha y repite: read – read – read. The spelling is the same. Se escribe las tres formas igual, pero no se pronuncia igual. Escucha y repite:  read – read – read. How often do you read the newspaper? I read a good book last week. Have you read the report yet? Next is the verb montar – to ride repeat: ride – rode – ridden. Have you ever ridden a horse? Can you ride a motorbike? I rode home in the rain. Repeat: ride – rode – ridden. Llamar is to ring. Listen; ring – rang – rung. Hay algunos verbos irregulars que siguen estas mismas sonido vocals en las tres formas del verbo. Repite: /I/ /a/ /u/ - ring – rang – rung. El sonido /a/ puede ser difícil por hablantes españoles /a/ - cat – hat – sat. Comparar el sonido con /u/ up – cup / cat – cut – my cat is black – cut (cortar) cut and paste / hat – (sombrero) – hut – cabaña – Pizza Hut. Repite: ring – rang – rung / drink – drank – drunk / swim – swam – swum El verbo leventarse in English is to rise. Repeat: rise – rose – risen. The sun always rises. Rise es un verbo intransitivo - no va con un objecto directo. No se puede decir: “Rise the sun” o “Rise the table”. The sun rises in the morning. What time did it rise yesterday? It rose at 6:38. How much has the dollar risen this month? It hasn’t risen, it’s fallen. Next is the verb to run or correr in Spanish. Repeat: run – ran – run. I run marathons. I ran the New York marathon in 3 hours and 14 minutes. I’ve run 13 marathons. Repeat: run – ran – run How do you say decir in English? ¿Como se dice to say? – That’s it! Say – said – said S-A-I-D said. Repeat: say – said – said. What did you say? I said “hello”. I’ve said all I want to say. What did she say to you? - She said she loves me! El verbo ver is to see. See – saw – seen. Repeat: see – saw – seen.  Have you seen Brad Pitt’s new film? Yes, I saw it last weekend. I see you. Do you see me? Next is the verb vender – to sell. Sell – sold – sold. Repeat: sell –sold – sold. What does he sell? ¿Qué vende él? I sold my car yesterday. How many have you sold? The verb to send means enviar. Repeat: send – sent – sent. Please send the email today. I sent it yesterday. Have you sent mum a birthday card? And finally, the verb disparar – to shoot. Repeat: Shoot – shot – shot. Who shot John F. Kennedy? También se dice to shoot a film – rodar una pelicula. – How many films have you shot? John Lennon was shot in New York. ¡Muy bien! Ahora escucha de nuevo y intenta decir la segunda y tercera forma del verbo antes que lo digo yo. Ready? ¿Listo?  read                  read – read ride                   rode – ridden ring                   rang – rung rise                   rose – risen run                   ran – run say                   said – said see                   saw – seen sell                   sold – sold send                 sent – sent shoot                shot – shot We also studied Time expressions this month– Los expresiones del tiempo Listen and repeat – escucha y repite: This month is September. Last month was August. Next month is October Today’s Thursday. Yesterday was Wednesday. What day is tomorrow? Tomorrow’s Friday. I saw her yesterday morning. I sent the email yesterday afternoon. two weeks ago – I rang you two weeks ago – hace dos semanas last Friday – el viernes pasado – I saw the film last Friday. last weekend – I didn’t go out last weekend. the day before yesterday – anteayer – I read the report the day before yesterday. the day after tomorrow – pasado mañana – I’ll see you the day after tomorrow. next weekend next Wednesday – el proximo miercoles – see you next Wednesday! in three weeks time – dentro de 3 semanas - We’re gong on holiday in three weeks time. In the intermediate section this month we looked at countable and uncountable nouns. Countable nouns are nouns you can count. Hmm that’s obvious; people, dogs, mountains, hamburgers etc.. Of course, uncountable nouns are impossible, or at least really difficult, to count. Liquids like, water, beer, oil, petrol. Salt, sand, rice etc., are all uncountable nouns. So, using the examples of peanuts (for countable nouns) and beer (for uncountable nouns), repeat the following sentences and practise expressions of quantity. There’s a lot of peanuts – There’s a lot of beer There aren’t many peanuts - There isn’t much beer Are there many peanuts? - Is there much beer? There are too many peanuts – There’s too much beer There are far too many peanuts – There’s far too much beer There are few peanuts - There is little beer There are a few peanuts – There’s a little beer There are very few peanuts - There is very little beer There are too few peanuts - There is too little beer There are far too few peanuts - There is far too little beer There are many more peanuts - There is much more beer There are fewer peanuts - There is less beer We also looked at more common uncountable nouns, such as information - I’d like some information. Pasta – Don’t give me too much pasta. Travel – Travel is a wonderful way to meet new people. News – I’ve got some bad news for you. Furniture – I don’t have much furniture in my flat. Advice – Can you give me some advice? and luggage – Why did you bring so much luggage? In the advanced section this month, we studied some idioms. Listen and repeat: To beat about the bush. Stop beating about the bush and tell me what you think. It’s a blessing in disguise. I didn’t want to go anyway. Do you think you can get your hands on a free mobile phone for me? I don’t like be the centre of attention. I generally keep myself to myself We need to clarify the situation. We have no idea where we stand at the moment. I don’t believe you. You’re pulling my leg. We need to put all these problems behind us darling. What’s on your mind? In the business section we looked at 10 more common collocations that are typically found in business English. Listen and repeat: To interview an applicant – we interviewed many applicants for the job. You were the most suitable. If you set up a business you start a business. La Mansión del Inglés was set up about 9 years ago. Another phrasal verb that collocates often with business is to take off. We usually speak about planes taking off - going up. Similarly, if a business takes off it becomes successful. The business took off very soon after we had set it up. Now we employ 12 employees and we’re thinking of taking on more staff. To attend a conference means to go to a conference. He attended a conference on climate change. I’m afraid I can’t meet with you next week, I’m attending a conference. To hold a meeting means tener una reunion – We hold staff meetings once a month. The union is going to hold a meeting to discuss the annual pay increase. To provide a service – ofrecer algo – They provide an excellent catering service. To hire a new employee – to take on a new employee. – to employ a new person – We’ve hired a new secretary. If you ask for a raise you ask for more money. A raise in salary - Una subida/aumento de sueldo – I’m going to ask for a raise at the end of the year. I think I deserve it. – to deserve – merecer develop a product - To develop is desarrollar. He’s a  software devoloper - Es un desarrollador de software. Apple are developing a new product.  To deal with a problem resolver/ocuparse de/hacer frente a/abordar  – Can you deal with this problem, please. I’m very busy. I’ll deal with this problem as soon as possible.- How should we deal with this problem? - ¿Qué hemos de hacer con este promlema? To run a business – is to manage a business. – dirigir a una empresa – Who runs the business? Who runs the marketing side? I’ve been running this company for 47 years. Next month we’ll look at 10 more common business collocations. Well, that’s it for this month. Thanks for listening. Remember to visit our online shop where you can find our business English cd, our First Certificate cd for the Cambridge FCE exam, our audio cds and many more. Just go to the mansioningles.com webpage and click on the cds on the right side of the home page. You can also follow us on Twitter, just search for MansionTwit, and don’t forget to join our growing community of students and teachers on our Facebook fan page. See you next time! The music in this month’s podcast was by Revolution Void, the album was The Politics of Desire and the track was Outer Orbit. Also by Azhrak, the track was Below the Arctic Circle. Creative Commons licence from Jamendo.com            

(note: this episode was initially released without a pause after the English and before the Lithuanian; this has now been corrected in case you want to say the Lithuanian words before the native speaker says them)                                                        Hi there, I'm Jack.  Today's episode begins a long series of episodes that will introduce a lot of new vocabulary related to food.  When I started digging into this I was surprised at how large the subject of food is.  You have your basic foods like apples, oranges, chicken, beef, etcetera.  Then you have all the ingredients used in cooking such as flour, cloves, rosemary, and then you have all the foods you can create or that you might order in a restaurant, such as eggplant casserole with cheese, linguini pasta with clam sauce or cinnamon rolls with cherry filling.  This is a huge topic.                                                               photograph: Soup, as served in Swiss mountain restaurant as Schynige Platte photographer: Audrius Meskauskas (Audriusa) (Wikipedia) Anyway, we have many, many, many episodes scripted for this subject.  We won't give them all to you at once or one after the other.  We'll intersperse the series with exam episodes and episodes on other topics.  Evenutally, we'll get through dozens of food programs.  Just so you know what to expect, we just shoot through the food types and we use phrases that you might use such as, I like bananas, I don't like bananas, I want bananas, I don't want bananas, and then we'll move onto another food.  The episodes won't by organized by types of food.  We'll mix fruits with meats and salads with bakery products.  We hope it all comes in handy.  Now, on with today's episode that I recorded with Vytautas, the ballroom dance competitor visiting the United States from Kaunas, Lithuania. Enjoy!                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Hi there, I’m Jack, I am Vytautas and welcome back to Lithuanian Out Loud where we offer the world the Lithuanian language.     so, where are you from Vytautai? I am from... yes? please... I am from Kaunas ah, okay, so, you speak aukstaičiai? uh, yes, yeah? yeah that's the dialect of Lithuanian they speak in Kaunas? yes yeah yeah okay how do you say it? aukstaičiai? aukstaičiai aukstaičiai okay it's the best Lithuanian, or..? yeah, I think the best the best! alright, uh... According to the Wikipedia article entitled, Kaunas Castle, in 1361 the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights sent spies to study the defenses of the castle.  The following year, 1362, the German knights attacked and the siege lasted three weeks.  The castle walls were 36 feet or 11 meters high but the Christian knights took the castle killing all but 36 of the 400 Lithuanian defenders.  The Germans then commemorated the victory with a celebration on Easter Sunday 1362. Later the Lithuanians attacked the castle and drove the Christians away.  In 1384 the Teutuonic Knights attacked and conquered the castle again.  That same year the Lithuanians floated troops, cannons and trebuchets down the Neris River from Vilnius and smashed the German army. Kaunas Castle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaunas_Castle                                                                                                                         Just a short review before we get to the meat of today’s episode.                                                                                                                           If we’re talking about an unspecified number of a COUNTABLE object we use the genitive plural.                                                                                                                                                                        If we’re talking about an unspecified amount of an UNCOUNTABLE object we use the genitive singular.                                                                                                                                                                            Just keep this rule in mind.                                                                                                                                                                                       Today we’re going to be going over items you might want to order in a restaurant.                                                                                                       Using a countable noun we might say something like this;                                                                                           I would like mushrooms norėčiau grybų                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Using an uncountable noun we might say something like this;                                                                                                                         I would like milk norėčiau pieno                                                                                                                                                                                     what you would like? ko pageidausite?                                                                                                                                                                                     I don’t know nežinau                                                                                                                                                                                    would you like a caesar salad? ar norėtum cezario salotų?                                                                                                                                                                                    yes, I’d like a caesar salad taip, norėčiau cezario salotų                                                                                                                                                                                    okay, now let‘s ask for some things you might find in a restaurant                                                                                                                                  a menu valgiaraštis (valgyti + raštas)                                                                                                                                                                                    writing raštas                                                                                                                                                                                    a menu meniu                                                                                                                                                                                    meniu is a word borrowed from English and does not decline                                                                                                                         I'd like a menu norėčiau valgiaraščio                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like a menu, please norėčiau meniu, prašom                                                                                                                                                                                    soup sriuba                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like soup norėčiau sriubos                                                                                                                                                                                    would you like soup? ar norėtum sriubos?                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like a little soup norėčiau truputį sriubos                                                                                                                                                                                    I don’t want soup nenoriu sriubos                                                                                                                                                                                    a salad salotos                                                                                                                                                                                    a leaf lapas                                                                                                                                                                                    salad leaves salotų lapai                                                                                                                                                                                    caesar salad cezario salotos                                                                                                                                                                                    iceberg lettuce isbergo salotos                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like salad norėčiau salotų                                                                                                                                                                                    would you like a salad? ar norėtum salotų?                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like a little salad norėčiau truputį salotų                                                                                                                                                                                    I don’t want salad nenoriu salotų                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like a caesar salad norėčiau cezario salotų                                                                                                                                                                                    would you like a caesar salad? ar norėtum cezario salotų?                                                                                                                                                                                    a tomato pomidoras                                                                                                                                                                                    tomatoes pomidorai                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like tomato norėčiau pomidorų                                                                                                                                                                                    would you like tomato? ar norėtum pomidorų?                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like a little tomato norėčiau truputį pomidorų                                                                                                                                                                                    I don’t want tomato nenoriu pomidorų                                                                                                                                                                                    a cucumber agurkas                                                                                                                                                                                    cucumbers agurkai                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like cucumber norėčiau agurkų                                                                                                                                                                                    would you like cucumber? ar norėtum agurkų?                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like a little cucumber norėčiau truputį agurkų                                                                                                                                                                                    I don’t want cucumber nenoriu agurkų                                                                                                                                                                                    an onion svogūnas                                                                                                                                                                                    onions svogūnai                                                                                                                                                                                    blue onions mėlyni svogūnai                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like onion norėčiau svogūnų                                                                                                                                                                                    would you like onion? ar norėtum svogūnų?                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like a little onion norėčiau truputį svogūnų                                                                                                                                                                                    I don’t want onion nenoriu svogūnų                                                                                                                                                                                    an olive alyvuogė                                                                                                                                                                                    olives alyvuogės                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like olives norėčiau alyvuogių                                                                                                                                                                                    would you like olives? ar norėtum alyvuogių?                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like a little bit of olives norėčiau truputį alyvuogių                                                                                                                                                                                    I don’t want olives nenoriu alyvuogių                                                                                                                                                                                    cheese sūris                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like cheese norėčiau sūrio                                                                                                                                                                                    would you like cheese? ar norėtum sūrio?                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like a little cheese norėčiau truputį sūrio                                                                                                                                                                                    I don’t want cheese nenoriu sūrio                                                                                                                                                                                    feta cheese fetos sūris                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like feta cheese norėčiau fetos sūrio                                                                                                                                                                                    would you like feta cheese? ar norėtum fetos sūrio?                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like a little feta cheese norėčiau truputį fetos sūrio                                                                                                                                                                                    salt druska                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like salt norėčiau druskos                                                                                                                                                                                    would you like salt? ar norėtum druskos?                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like a little salt norėčiau truputį druskos                                                                                                                                                                                    I don’t want salt nenoriu druskos                                                                                                                                                                                    oil aliejus                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like oil norėčiau aliejaus                                                                                                                                                                                          would you like oil? ar norėtum aliejaus?                                                                                                                                                                          what do you think of the way... have you been in restaurants much? in Lithuania? here? no do you think people...how are they different?  are they? they're always smiling right, Lithuanians always say, "why is everybody smiling so much?" it seems strange, huh? yeah, in Lithuania the people is very sad yeah it's different always smiling - Americans yeah wide smiling but, you don't know what they thinking about you (many Lithuanians are surprised by how much Americans smile - it seems suspicious to them) right oh, where were we? let's see,                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like a little oil norėčiau truputį aliejaus                                                                                                                                                                                    I don’t want oil nenoriu aliejaus                                                                                                                                                                                    bacon šoninė                                                                                                                                                                                    baked bacon kepinta šoninė                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like bacon norėčiau šoninės                                                                                                                                                                                     would you like bacon? ar norėtum šoninės?                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like a little bacon norėčiau truputį šoninės                                                                                                                                                                                    I don’t want bacon nenoriu šoninės                                                                                                                                                                                    parmesan cheese parmezano sūris                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like parmesan cheese norėčiau parmezano sūrio                                                                                                                                                                                    would you like parmesan cheese? ar norėtum parmezano sūrio?                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like a little parmesan cheese   norėčiau truputį parmezano sūrio                                                                                                                                                                                    I don’t want parmesan nenoriu parmezano sūrio                                                                                                                                                                                    an anchovy ančiuvis                                                                                                                                                                                    anchovies ančiuviai                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like anchovies norėčiau ančiuvių                                                                                                                                                                                    would you like anchovies? ar norėtum ančiuvių?                                                                                                                                                                                    I’d like a little bit of anchovies norėčiau truputį ančiuvių                                                                                                                                                                                    anchovies?  No, I hate anchovies! ančiuvių? Ne, aš nekenčiu ančiuvių!                                                                                                                                                                                    Šaunuoliai!  Great!  You made it to the end of another episode!  Šaunuoliai!                                                                                                                                    

Daug Laiko A Lot Of Time Hi there, I’m Jack and I’m Romas and welcome back to Lithuanian Out Loud where we offer the world the Lithuanian language.   photograph: Aquarium in Mega Mall, Kaunas, Lithuania photographer: Foledman (Wikipedia)   According to the article named, “Take a trolleybus around Kaunas,” there was once a beautiful young woman named Milda who lived there.  She wasn’t interested in any men who were interested in her.  Finally, a young man named Daugerutis who had the voice of a nightingale won her heart.  But, her stepmother told the gods and Daugerutis was ordered to be burned alive.  The priest Auskaras hid them but unfortunately while they were hiding the Holy Eternal Fire went out and now both the lovers were ordered to die by flames.  The priest Auskaras hid them below the fire in a cave for years where they bore and raised a son named Kaunas who would later found a city.   Here are some nouns such as salt, amber, steel or water.  You don’t count water, you might count bottles of water or liters of water but you don’t count water itself.  Same goes for courage, concrete or gold.  You don’t have three courages, four concretes or five golds.  Nouns like these have only a singular form.  These nouns don’t have a plural form.  Here’s a short list of a few of these nouns…   iron  geležis tea arbata   gold auksas   cement                                         betonas   concrete                                     cementas   sugar                                            cukrus   vodka                                          degtinė   salt                                               druska   amber                                           gintaras   time                                             laikas   sour cream                                  grietinė   clay                                             molis   honey                                          medus   milk                                              pienas   steel                                             plienas   butter                                            sviestas   water                                           vanduo   cottage cheese                          varškė   fear                                               baimė   evil                                               blogis   morality                                        dora   courage                                       drąsa   discipline                                   drausmė   behavior                                      elgesys   essence                                        esmė   honor                                             garbė   beauty                                          grožis faithfulness                                  ištikimybė   patience                                       kantrybė   creativity                                     kūryba   time                                              laikas   equality                                      lygybė   bravery                                        narsa   premonition                              nuojauta   envy, jealousy                            pavydas   conscience                                 sąžinė   peace (after war)                        taika   Attention!  Dėmėsio!  If a noun does not have a plural form it doesn’t use the plural genitive.  If a noun has no plural it has no plural genitive.   No plural form – no plural genitive.   Expressions like daug, ne daug or per daug describe an unspecific amount.  If we’re talking about an unspecific amount of a noun that is uncountable, we use the genitive singular.  Remember – no plural form – no plural genitive – use the singular.   Just as a reminder, let’s combine daug with some countable nouns first.   many books                                daug knygų   many people                              daug žmonių   many cities                                 daug miestų   many bicycles                            daug dviračių   Now let’s combine daug with uncountable nouns   a lot, many                                daug   a lot of tea                                  daug arbatos   a lot of gold                              daug aukso   a lot of cement                          daug betono   a lot of concrete                        daug cemento   a lot of sugar                           daug cukraus   a lot of whiskey                       daug viskio   a lot of salt                              daug druskos   a lot of amber                            daug gintaro   a lot of sour cream                  daug grietinės   a lot of clay                             daug molio   a lot of honey                            daug medaus   a lot of milk                               daug pieno   too much steel                        per daug plieno   too much butter                         per daug sviesto   too much water                          per daug vandens   not a lot of cottage cheese nedaug varškės   not much courage                        nedaug drąsos   a lot of patience                           daug kantrybės   a lot of bravery                            daug narsos   a lot of time                                  daug laiko   plenty of time                              daug laiko   Šiek tiek translates as “a little.“  Again, this is an unspecified amount.   information                               informacija   time                                               laikas   history                                         istorija   hope                                               viltis   humor                                           humoras   alcohol                                         alkoholis   news                                              žinios   milk                                               pienas   a little                                            šiek tiek   a little information                      šiek tiek informacijos   a little time                                   šiek tiek laiko   a little history                              šiek tiek istorijos   a little hope                                 šiek tiek vilties   a little humor                              šiek tiek humoro   a little milk                                 šiek tiek pieno   Another way to express an unknown amount of something is to simply use the genitive, like we just did.   In this case the genitive would basically translate as, “some.”   some tea                                       arbatos   some gold                                    aukso   some cement                              betono   some concrete                              cemento   some sugar                                 cukraus   some whiskey                             viskio   some salt                                      druskos   some amber                                 gintaro   some sour cream                      grietinės   some clay                                     molio   some honey                                 medaus   some milk                                    pieno   some steel                                    plieno   some butter                               sviesto   some water                                 vandens   some cottage cheese                 varškės   some courage                              drąsos   some patience                             kantrybės   some bravery                             narsos   now some sentences   do you want some tea?             ar nori arbatos?   I’d like some tea                          norėčiau arbatos   do you want some sugar?         ar nori cukraus?   I’d like some sugar                     norėčiau cukraus   want some whiskey?                nori viskio?   yes, some whiskey, please      taip, viskio, prašau   do you want some butter?      ar nori sviesto?   yes, some butter, please           taip, sviesto, prašau   do you want some cream?       ar nori grietinės?   no, some milk, please             ne, pieno, prašau   So, to recap this episode, if we’re talking about an unspecified number of a COUNTABLE object we use the genitive plural.  If we’re talking about an unspecified amount of an UNCOUNTABLE object we use the genitive singular.   Šaunuoliai!  Great!  You made it to the end of another episode!  Šaunuoliai!   Take a trolleybus around Kaunas http://kaunas.karalyte.com/where.html

Curso de inglés en línea gratis – Nivel básico elemental LESSON 24 – LECCION 24 GRAMATICA – Countable and Uncountable nouns en inglés Today ... The post Countable and Uncountable nouns – Sustantivos contables y no contables appeared first on Cursos de ingles gratis Aprender ingles con audio. Clases de ingles gratuito.

Today we have a grammar lesson for you, in which we explore countable nouns, both regular and irregular forms. We have some fun listening activities, as well as a visual activity too. Come snack on a few tidbits of English grammar today!