Podcasts about mean sd

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the advanced technology of the new ExAblate 2100 system (Insightec Ltd, Haifa, Israel) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided focused ultrasound surgery on treatment outcomes in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids, as measured by the nonperfused volume ratio. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 115 women (mean age, 42 years; range, 27-54 years) with symptomatic fibroids who consecutively underwent MRI-guided focused ultrasound treatment in a single center with the new generation ExAblate 2100 system from November 2010 to June 2011. Mean +/- SD total volume and number of treated fibroids (per patient) were 89 +/- 94 cm(3) and 2.2 +/- 1.7, respectively. Patient baseline characteristics were analyzed regarding their impact on the resulting nonperfused volume ratio. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound treatment was technically successful in 115 of 123 patients (93.5%). In 8 patients, treatment was not possible because of bowel loops in the beam pathway that could not be mitigated (n = 6), patient movement (n = 1), and system malfunction (n = 1). Mean nonperfused volume ratio was 88% +/- 15% (range, 38%-100%). Mean applied energy level was 5400 +/- 1200 J, and mean number of sonications was 74 +/- 27. No major complications occurred. Two cases of first-degree skin burn resolved within 1 week after the intervention. Of the baseline characteristics analyzed, only the planned treatment volume had a statistically significant impact on nonperfused volume ratio. Conclusions: With technological advancement, the outcome of MRI-guided focused ultrasound treatment in terms of the nonperfused volume ratio can be enhanced with a high safety profile, markedly exceeding results reported in previous clinical trials.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) injections on visual acuity (VA) and foveal retinal thickness in patients with macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion.Methods: A prospective, non-comparative, consecutive, interventional case series of 34 patients. Patients received repeated intravitreal injections of 1.25 mg bevacizumab. Main outcome measures were VA (Snellen charts and ETDRS) and retinal thickness (optical coherence tomography measurements) in a follow-up period of 6 months.Results: Patients presented at a mean age of 69 years (range 44--86). Mean duration of symptoms was 40 weeks (range 1--300). Mean (SD) VA at baseline was 0.79 (0.39) logMAR, improving to 0.51 (0.34) logMAR at 6 months (p = 0.009). Mean number of letters on the ETDRS chart at baseline was 45.3 (19.0), improving to 60.6 (19.9) at 6 months (p = 0.003). Mean (SD) retinal thickness at baseline was 474 (120) \textgreekmm, declining to 316 (41) \textgreekmm at 6 months.Conclusion: Intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg bevacizumb appears to be an effective treatment option for branch retinal vein occlusion.

The Effect of Hyperventilation on Cognitive Performance, Motor Functions and Lesion Volume after Controlled Cortical Impact in the Rat Introduction: We investigated the effects of short-term moderate hyperventilation on neurocognitive and motor functions as well as lesion volume in rats subjected to focal traumatic brain injury. Thereby the model of controlled cortical impact (CCI) was established associated with the evaluation of a battery of behavioral tests. Methode: 21 male Sprague-Dawley rats (369±15 g) were trained to achieve the modified Hole-Board Test (mHB-Test) for a period of 14 days and some more behavioral tests (Beam Walking, Beam Balance, neurologic score) for 3 days. After completion of specific baseline parameters of the mHB-Test rats were anesthetized with 1.0-1.5 Vol% halothane in O2/N2O (FiO2=0,33), intubated and mechanically ventilated for surgical preparation. After cranio-tomy CCI was induced using a pneumatic pistol (Ø 5 mm, 1,75 mm depth, 200 ms, 4 m/s). Animals were then randomly assigned to one of two groups for four hours post-traumatic ventilation with Halothan (0,8-1,0 Vol%): group 1=normoventilation (n=10; PaCO2=38-42 mmHg); group 2=hyperventilation (n=11; PaCO2=28-32 mmHg). During the entire study, brain temperature and mean arterial blood pressure were kept at normal physiological levels. Additionally breathing and heart rate, PaO2, pH, glucose and heamoglobin were messured. Upon recovery all behavioral tests were continued to euthanasia on the 20th day. During deep anesthesia rats were decapitated and their brains were sampled, frozen and then cut in 10 µm thick sections to evaluate lesion volume after cresyl violet staining. Results are tabu-lar shown Mean+/-SD and graphical Mean+/-SEM (statistic: ANOVA and post hoc t-test). Results: Hyperventilated rats developed a significant deficit in declarative memory (mHB-Test), with variances especially on days 1-2 after trauma associated with a decreased neuro-logical score on days 1-3 compared to normoventilated animals which had a decrease only on day 1. For motor impairments after CCI the Beam Walking and Beam Balance were most sensitive with deficits in both groups and a significant disability of hyperventilated rats. All impairments were just transient after the traumatic brain injury and adjusted to baseline pa-rameters on day 6. Bodyweight measurements, time of food intake or inactivity (mHB-Test) and all several motoric parameters show a marginal reduction of constitution in the rats after CCI. Exploration parameters of mHB-Test demonstrate that normoventilated rats are more active and explorativ following the CCI in comparison to hyperventilated rats. On day 20 after injury, lesion volume was significant larger in the hyperventilated group (69,7±13,0 mm3) versus the normoventilated group (48,3±15,6 mm3). Discussion: We evaluated a model of CCI, that is inducing a standardized and reproduce-able traumatic brain injury. Four hours of post-traumatic hyperventilation transiently impairs hippocampus-dependent declarative memory as well as neurocognitive and motor functions. Hyperventilation also enhances long-term histological damage. These data suggest, that hyperventilation without controlling intracranial pressure is able to deteriorate primary lesion and should be used with caution after acute head trauma.