Podcasts about eukodal

Hitler och hans soldater var rejält påtända. Fredrik Sjöberg läser om drogernas roll i Tredje riket och funderar över litteratur som kan råda bot på bristande läsförståelse hos pojkar och unga män. Lyssna på alla avsnitt i Sveriges Radios app. ESSÄ: Detta är en text där skribenten reflekterar över ett ämne eller ett verk. Åsikter som uttrycks är skribentens egna. Essän sändes ursprungligen 2017-01-23.Ett återkommande katastroflarm i samhällsdebatten är den bristande läsförståelse som särskilt utmärker pojkar och yngre män. Problemet är nog ofta överdrivet, men det kan heller inte förnekas, och en mindre armé av pedagoger försöker därför tänka ut hur man ska få pojkarna att läsa lika många böcker som flickorna gör. Lätt är det inte. Eftersom ingen har lyckats fylla tomrummet efter Frans G Bengtsson, erbjuds inte mycket mer än torftiga deckare och biografiska hjälteepos om onaturligt rika män som har lyckats förlänga sin barndom genom att sparka boll.Och allt det där är nog bra, men kanske kräver pojkarnas nu rent epidemiska indolens ändå tyngre doningar, och då är det noga taget bara två typer av böcker som duger: sådana som handlar om Hitler, och sådana som handlar om droger. Bägge dessa ämnen har en förunderligt vitaliserande inverkan också på mycket trötta existenser – så låt oss ett ögonblick tala om den från tyska översatta fackboken Droger i Tredje riket, av Norman Ohler. En svårslagen kombination, en form av litterärt blandmissbruk som lovar att höja läsförståelsen både hos datorspelande hemmapojkar och tröga haschtomtar med större frisyr än förstånd.Redan här bör dock inflikas att Norman Ohler inte är någon muntergök, utan en djupt seriös arkivdykare med ambitionen att vara historiskt objektiv, och att hans bok av det skälet inte riktigt når upp till samma stilistiska nivå som den avlägset besläktade satiren Jägarna på Karinhall, Carl-Henning Wijkmarks debutroman från 1972 – en klassiker som förutom sin rollbesättning av råsupande nazister på kalas hemma hos morfinisten Hermann Göring, även har fördelen av att vara både rolig och djupsinnig samt, inte minst, pornografisk. Den kombinationen slår ingen.Hur som helst, Droger i Tredje riket utgår från tidigare svåråtkomliga dokument som speglar dels användningen av amfetamin inom Wehrmacht och Luftwaffe, dels omfattningen av det drogmissbruk som förvandlade führern själv till en darrande pundare utan större verklighetskontakt. Det är onekligen fascinerande läsning. Skrämmande också, med tanke på att kemisterna knappast har legat på latsidan sen dess och sannolikt kan förse nutidens makthavare och mördarmaskiner med ännu effektivare blandningar av uppiggande och avtrubbande preparat.Den tyska drogindustrin var tidigt världsledande. Opiater hade man sysslat med länge och redan i slutet av 1800-talet lanserade läkemedelsbolaget Bayer en medicin mot hosta och huvudvärk som kallades Heroin. Senare, under Weimarrepubliken, sköt produktionen av morfin och andra opiater i höjden. Bara under ett enda år – 1928 – förädlades närmare 200 ton opium, och vid det laget hade de tyska bolagen även lagt under sig hela 80 procent av världsmarknaden för kokain. Tonvis. Inte var man så noga med restriktioner heller; lagstiftningen hängde inte med i svängarna, så när nazisterna i början av 30-talet formerade sig för en attack mot den unga demokratin, fanns många missbrukare man kunde stigmatisera som depraverat slödder i den förment sunda, ariska staten. Hitler själv gällde för att vara en renlevnadsman, så nu skulle drogträsket saneras. Det gick inget vidare.Som så ofta var det sportfånarna som testade gränserna. Under Berlinolympiaden 1936 nåddes tidigare oanade resultat med hjälp av prestationshöjande medel. Dopning. Framför allt lyckades amerikanerna vinna tack vare en sorts amfetamin som hette Benzedrine. Det var fullt accepterat inom idrotten på den tiden, och tyskarna vill nu inte vara sämre. Redan året därpå hade man utvecklat en mångdubbelt starkare variant av metylamfetamin som kom att kallas Pervitin. Ett uppåttjack av guds nåde, renare och bättre än allt vad den fiktive drogfabrikören Walter White lyckas koka ihop i TV-serien Breaking Bad.Pervitin blev snabbt en folkdrog i Tredje riket. Medlet användes för att integrera simulanter och gnällspikar i arbetslivet, för att motverka depressioner, sjösjuka, klimakteriebesvär, hösnuva och allmän håglöshet. Koncentrationsförmågan stegrades, liksom sexualdriften, och inte behövde man sova så mycket heller, vilket naturligtvis öppnade för användning i det militära. En sovande soldat gör inte mycket nytta. Efter en lagom dos Pervitin kunde man kriga flera dygn i sträck. Dessutom försvann rädslan, andra hämningar också. När Wehrmacht väl hade gjort sin beställning låg produktionen på i runda slängar 800 000 Pervitintabletter – per dag.Amfetaminmissbruket är såklart inte hela förklaringen till de tyska framgångarna i början av kriget, men blixtanfallen i Polen och Frankrike låter sig åtminstone delvis begripas i ljuset av att åtskilliga soldater faktiskt var påtända. Även generalerna. Den ryktbare fältherren Erwin Rommel krossade allt motstånd på västfronten tack vare en för tjackpundaren typisk form av hänsynslös självöverskattning. Först långt senare, i höjd med Stalingrad, började drogbrukets nackdelar bli märkbara.Om allt detta berättar Norman Ohler i sin bok, men till historien hör också huvudpersonen själv, Adolf Hitler, och hans livläkare, sedermera langare, Theodor Morell. Att Hitler mot slutet av kriget behandlades med fullkomligt fantastiska mängder hormoner, steroider och mediciner av alla slag är sedan länge väl känt, men forskarna har hittills varit ovilliga att betrakta honom som narkoman. Snarare har bilden varit att Hitler hade ett pressande jobb, och därför gott kunde behöva lite speed för att komma i form, och att hans vegetariska diet påkallade diverse kosttillskott.Nu framträder en helt annan bild. Av Theodor Morells bevarade anteckningar framgår att han ordinerar allt starkare doser av narkotika, inte bara Pervitin. Särskilt efter attentatet i Varglyan, 20 juli 1944, när Hitler sånär dödades av Claus von Stauffenbergs portföljbomb, behövdes också alltmer smärtstillande, och lugnande. Morell petade i honom duktiga doser kokain, gärna i kombination med Eukodal, ett morfinliknande preparat som gavs intravenöst. Tidvis var patientens vener lika illa åtgångna som på en durkdriven heroinist. Framåt vintern det året, när kriget i praktiken redan var förlorat, var han mycket nära att sluta sina dagar genom en överdos.Hur det sedan gick vet alla. Det nya i Norman Ohlers historieskrivning är tanken att Hitler möjligen inte alls drabbades av Parkinson eller någon annan sjukdom som till sist förvandlade honom till ett kraftlöst vrak, utan att han istället, på vårkanten 1945, kort före självmordet i bunkern, huvudsakligen led av abstinens. Vid det laget hade nämligen de allierade bombat läkemedelsfabrikerna till grus och aska. Och langarens lager av droger var slut.Likt alla tyska författare är Ohler mycket noga med att inte förringa eller bortförklara Hitlers ansvar för krigets bestialiteter, och han befinner sig sålunda, litterärt sett, långt ifrån Frans G Bengtssons lediga legender om brutala hjältekonungar och flugsvampdrogade bärsärkar, så när allt kommer omkring är kanske den bristande läsförståelsen bland pojkar bäst avhjälpt genom att skolbiblioteken köper in klassuppsättningar av Röde Orm. Eller varför inte Jägarna på Karinhall. I alla händelser är Droger i Tredje riket, komplett med register och notapparat, en förnämlig bredvidläsningsbok.Fredrik Sjöberg, författare och biolog LitteraturNorman Ohler: ”Droger i tredje riket – det dopade blixtkriget” (Lind & co), översättning Henrik Lindberg.

Episode 158: Blitzed Norman Ohler is an award-winning German novelist, screenwriter, and journalist. He spent five years researching Blitzed in numerous archives in Germany and the United States, and spoke to eye-witnesses, military historians, and doctors. He is also the author of the novels Die Quotenmaschine (the world's first hypertext novel), Mitte and Stadt des Goldes (translated into English as Ponte City). He was co-writer of the script for Wim Wenders' film Palermo Shooting. The Nazi regime preached an ideology of physical, mental, and moral purity. Yet as Norman Ohler reveals in this gripping new history, the Third Reich was saturated with drugs: cocaine, opiates, and, most of all, methamphetamines, which were consumed by everyone from factory workers to housewives to German soldiers. In fact, troops were encouraged, and in some cases ordered, to take rations of a form of crystal meth—the elevated energy and feelings of invincibility associated with the high even help to account for the breakneck invasion that sealed the fall of France in 1940, as well as other German military victories. Hitler himself became increasingly dependent on injections of a cocktail of drugs—ultimately including Eukodal, a cousin of heroin—administered by his personal doctor.

Episode 158: Blitzed Norman Ohler is an award-winning German novelist, screenwriter, and journalist. He spent five years researching Blitzed in numerous archives in Germany and the United States, and spoke to eye-witnesses, military historians, and doctors. He is also the author of the novels Die Quotenmaschine (the world's first hypertext novel), Mitte and Stadt des Goldes (translated into English as Ponte City). He was co-writer of the script for Wim Wenders' film Palermo Shooting. The Nazi regime preached an ideology of physical, mental, and moral purity. Yet as Norman Ohler reveals in this gripping new history, the Third Reich was saturated with drugs: cocaine, opiates, and, most of all, methamphetamines, which were consumed by everyone from factory workers to housewives to German soldiers. In fact, troops were encouraged, and in some cases ordered, to take rations of a form of crystal meth—the elevated energy and feelings of invincibility associated with the high even help to account for the breakneck invasion that sealed the fall of France in 1940, as well as other German military victories. Hitler himself became increasingly dependent on injections of a cocktail of drugs—ultimately including Eukodal, a cousin of heroin—administered by his personal doctor. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Norman Ohler’s Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017) explores the drug culture of Nazi Germany. Far from being a nation of physical and mental purity portrayed by Goebbels’s propaganda machine, Ohler shows Germany was a hub of drug production and abuse during the 1920s. Manufacturers like Merck and Bayer openly marketed their wares to the public, building the basis of so-called big pharma on intoxicants. Produced by Temmler, the Nazi elite embraced methamphetamine as a wonder drug, free of the connotations of disease and degeneracy associated with the drug culture of the Weimar years. Stimulants became a valuable tool in Germany’s wartime arsenal. The German military acknowledged the value of amphetamines and distributed Pervitin en masse. Ohler argues amphetamines powered the Wehrmacht’s armored Blitzkrieg of 1939-1941, defeating the Allies in France and elsewhere. These gains were short-lived, however. Nazi Germany’s Faustian bargain with drugs evaporated during the Battle of Stalingrad and in the distant steppes of the Soviet Union. Ever more powerful drug combinations were desperately sought by the Nazi state to save the Reich from annihilation, exposing horrors of the regime from experiments on concentration camp prisoners and drugged child soldiers. Blitzed details how Hitler’s personal physician, Dr. Theo Morell, administered vitamin concoctions and hormone injections common to athletic doping to pump up Hitler’s ailing body during the war years. Though Hitler had promised to cleanse the nation of drug abuse, he himself became utterly dependent on drugs to survive. Military defeat and destruction took their toll on Nazism embodied, Morell increasingly looked towards methamphetamine and oxycodone (Eukodal) to keep Hitler wake and alert during the last apocalyptic years of the Reich. In so doing, Morell himself built an impressive medical empire based on quack medicines and bought political access. Ohler shows how in the final months of the conflict, Morell’s supplies of drugs ran out, exposing Hitler’s frail body to his inner circle with health crises, symptoms of chemical withdraw, and fits of madness. James Esposito is a historian and researcher interested in digital history, empire, and the history of technology. James can be reached via email at espositojamesj@gmail.com and on Twitter @james_esposito_ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Norman Ohler’s Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017) explores the drug culture of Nazi Germany. Far from being a nation of physical and mental purity portrayed by Goebbels’s propaganda machine, Ohler shows Germany was a hub of drug production and abuse during the 1920s. Manufacturers like Merck and Bayer openly marketed their wares to the public, building the basis of so-called big pharma on intoxicants. Produced by Temmler, the Nazi elite embraced methamphetamine as a wonder drug, free of the connotations of disease and degeneracy associated with the drug culture of the Weimar years. Stimulants became a valuable tool in Germany’s wartime arsenal. The German military acknowledged the value of amphetamines and distributed Pervitin en masse. Ohler argues amphetamines powered the Wehrmacht’s armored Blitzkrieg of 1939-1941, defeating the Allies in France and elsewhere. These gains were short-lived, however. Nazi Germany’s Faustian bargain with drugs evaporated during the Battle of Stalingrad and in the distant steppes of the Soviet Union. Ever more powerful drug combinations were desperately sought by the Nazi state to save the Reich from annihilation, exposing horrors of the regime from experiments on concentration camp prisoners and drugged child soldiers. Blitzed details how Hitler’s personal physician, Dr. Theo Morell, administered vitamin concoctions and hormone injections common to athletic doping to pump up Hitler’s ailing body during the war years. Though Hitler had promised to cleanse the nation of drug abuse, he himself became utterly dependent on drugs to survive. Military defeat and destruction took their toll on Nazism embodied, Morell increasingly looked towards methamphetamine and oxycodone (Eukodal) to keep Hitler wake and alert during the last apocalyptic years of the Reich. In so doing, Morell himself built an impressive medical empire based on quack medicines and bought political access. Ohler shows how in the final months of the conflict, Morell’s supplies of drugs ran out, exposing Hitler’s frail body to his inner circle with health crises, symptoms of chemical withdraw, and fits of madness. James Esposito is a historian and researcher interested in digital history, empire, and the history of technology. James can be reached via email at espositojamesj@gmail.com and on Twitter @james_esposito_ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Norman Ohler’s Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017) explores the drug culture of Nazi Germany. Far from being a nation of physical and mental purity portrayed by Goebbels’s propaganda machine, Ohler shows Germany was a hub of drug production and abuse during the 1920s. Manufacturers like Merck and Bayer openly marketed their wares to the public, building the basis of so-called big pharma on intoxicants. Produced by Temmler, the Nazi elite embraced methamphetamine as a wonder drug, free of the connotations of disease and degeneracy associated with the drug culture of the Weimar years. Stimulants became a valuable tool in Germany’s wartime arsenal. The German military acknowledged the value of amphetamines and distributed Pervitin en masse. Ohler argues amphetamines powered the Wehrmacht’s armored Blitzkrieg of 1939-1941, defeating the Allies in France and elsewhere. These gains were short-lived, however. Nazi Germany’s Faustian bargain with drugs evaporated during the Battle of Stalingrad and in the distant steppes of the Soviet Union. Ever more powerful drug combinations were desperately sought by the Nazi state to save the Reich from annihilation, exposing horrors of the regime from experiments on concentration camp prisoners and drugged child soldiers. Blitzed details how Hitler’s personal physician, Dr. Theo Morell, administered vitamin concoctions and hormone injections common to athletic doping to pump up Hitler’s ailing body during the war years. Though Hitler had promised to cleanse the nation of drug abuse, he himself became utterly dependent on drugs to survive. Military defeat and destruction took their toll on Nazism embodied, Morell increasingly looked towards methamphetamine and oxycodone (Eukodal) to keep Hitler wake and alert during the last apocalyptic years of the Reich. In so doing, Morell himself built an impressive medical empire based on quack medicines and bought political access. Ohler shows how in the final months of the conflict, Morell’s supplies of drugs ran out, exposing Hitler’s frail body to his inner circle with health crises, symptoms of chemical withdraw, and fits of madness. James Esposito is a historian and researcher interested in digital history, empire, and the history of technology. James can be reached via email at espositojamesj@gmail.com and on Twitter @james_esposito_ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Norman Ohler’s Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017) explores the drug culture of Nazi Germany. Far from being a nation of physical and mental purity portrayed by Goebbels’s propaganda machine, Ohler shows Germany was a hub of drug production and abuse during the 1920s. Manufacturers like Merck and Bayer openly marketed their wares to the public, building the basis of so-called big pharma on intoxicants. Produced by Temmler, the Nazi elite embraced methamphetamine as a wonder drug, free of the connotations of disease and degeneracy associated with the drug culture of the Weimar years. Stimulants became a valuable tool in Germany’s wartime arsenal. The German military acknowledged the value of amphetamines and distributed Pervitin en masse. Ohler argues amphetamines powered the Wehrmacht’s armored Blitzkrieg of 1939-1941, defeating the Allies in France and elsewhere. These gains were short-lived, however. Nazi Germany’s Faustian bargain with drugs evaporated during the Battle of Stalingrad and in the distant steppes of the Soviet Union. Ever more powerful drug combinations were desperately sought by the Nazi state to save the Reich from annihilation, exposing horrors of the regime from experiments on concentration camp prisoners and drugged child soldiers. Blitzed details how Hitler’s personal physician, Dr. Theo Morell, administered vitamin concoctions and hormone injections common to athletic doping to pump up Hitler’s ailing body during the war years. Though Hitler had promised to cleanse the nation of drug abuse, he himself became utterly dependent on drugs to survive. Military defeat and destruction took their toll on Nazism embodied, Morell increasingly looked towards methamphetamine and oxycodone (Eukodal) to keep Hitler wake and alert during the last apocalyptic years of the Reich. In so doing, Morell himself built an impressive medical empire based on quack medicines and bought political access. Ohler shows how in the final months of the conflict, Morell’s supplies of drugs ran out, exposing Hitler’s frail body to his inner circle with health crises, symptoms of chemical withdraw, and fits of madness. James Esposito is a historian and researcher interested in digital history, empire, and the history of technology. James can be reached via email at espositojamesj@gmail.com and on Twitter @james_esposito_ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Norman Ohler's Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017) explores the drug culture of Nazi Germany. Far from being a nation of physical and mental purity portrayed by Goebbels's propaganda machine, Ohler shows Germany was a hub of drug production and abuse during the 1920s. Manufacturers like Merck and Bayer openly marketed their wares to the public, building the basis of so-called big pharma on intoxicants. Produced by Temmler, the Nazi elite embraced methamphetamine as a wonder drug, free of the connotations of disease and degeneracy associated with the drug culture of the Weimar years. Stimulants became a valuable tool in Germany's wartime arsenal. The German military acknowledged the value of amphetamines and distributed Pervitin en masse. Ohler argues amphetamines powered the Wehrmacht's armored Blitzkrieg of 1939-1941, defeating the Allies in France and elsewhere. These gains were short-lived, however. Nazi Germany's Faustian bargain with drugs evaporated during the Battle of Stalingrad and in the distant steppes of the Soviet Union. Ever more powerful drug combinations were desperately sought by the Nazi state to save the Reich from annihilation, exposing horrors of the regime from experiments on concentration camp prisoners and drugged child soldiers. Blitzed details how Hitler's personal physician, Dr. Theo Morell, administered vitamin concoctions and hormone injections common to athletic doping to pump up Hitler's ailing body during the war years. Though Hitler had promised to cleanse the nation of drug abuse, he himself became utterly dependent on drugs to survive. Military defeat and destruction took their toll on Nazism embodied, Morell increasingly looked towards methamphetamine and oxycodone (Eukodal) to keep Hitler wake and alert during the last apocalyptic years of the Reich. In so doing, Morell himself built an impressive medical empire based on quack medicines and bought political access. Ohler shows how in the final months of the conflict, Morell's supplies of drugs ran out, exposing Hitler's frail body to his inner circle with health crises, symptoms of chemical withdraw, and fits of madness. James Esposito is a historian and researcher interested in digital history, empire, and the history of technology. James can be reached via email at espositojamesj@gmail.com and on Twitter @james_esposito_ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/drugs-addiction-and-recovery

Norman Ohler's Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017) explores the drug culture of Nazi Germany. Far from being a nation of physical and mental purity portrayed by Goebbels's propaganda machine, Ohler shows Germany was a hub of drug production and abuse during the 1920s. Manufacturers like Merck and Bayer openly marketed their wares to the public, building the basis of so-called big pharma on intoxicants. Produced by Temmler, the Nazi elite embraced methamphetamine as a wonder drug, free of the connotations of disease and degeneracy associated with the drug culture of the Weimar years. Stimulants became a valuable tool in Germany's wartime arsenal. The German military acknowledged the value of amphetamines and distributed Pervitin en masse. Ohler argues amphetamines powered the Wehrmacht's armored Blitzkrieg of 1939-1941, defeating the Allies in France and elsewhere. These gains were short-lived, however. Nazi Germany's Faustian bargain with drugs evaporated during the Battle of Stalingrad and in the distant steppes of the Soviet Union. Ever more powerful drug combinations were desperately sought by the Nazi state to save the Reich from annihilation, exposing horrors of the regime from experiments on concentration camp prisoners and drugged child soldiers. Blitzed details how Hitler's personal physician, Dr. Theo Morell, administered vitamin concoctions and hormone injections common to athletic doping to pump up Hitler's ailing body during the war years. Though Hitler had promised to cleanse the nation of drug abuse, he himself became utterly dependent on drugs to survive. Military defeat and destruction took their toll on Nazism embodied, Morell increasingly looked towards methamphetamine and oxycodone (Eukodal) to keep Hitler wake and alert during the last apocalyptic years of the Reich. In so doing, Morell himself built an impressive medical empire based on quack medicines and bought political access. Ohler shows how in the final months of the conflict, Morell's supplies of drugs ran out, exposing Hitler's frail body to his inner circle with health crises, symptoms of chemical withdraw, and fits of madness. James Esposito is a historian and researcher interested in digital history, empire, and the history of technology. James can be reached via email at espositojamesj@gmail.com and on Twitter @james_esposito_ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/medicine