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The ninth installment in a series in which I read Julius Braunthal's 1961 book, History of the International, 1864-1914. In this episode, I read chapter thirteen, "The International in the Franco-German War and in the Paris Commune". If you've enjoyed this recording, please consider supporting the Socialist Legacy on Patreon, at http://www.patreon.com/socialistlegacy
في هذا الفيديو نتناول نشأة دولة ألمانيا في العصر الحديث، بدءًا من العصور الوسطى، و مرورا بعصر النهضة، و حتي توحيد ألمانيا في دولة واحدة عام 1871. أهم النقاط: وضع ألمانيا في العصور الوسطى كجزء من الامبراطورية الرومانية المقدسة - مرغريفية براندنبورج و ظهور و صعود آل هوهنتسوليرن. - ضم دوقية بروسيا تحت حكم الهوهنتسوليرن. - حرب الثلاثين عام و تأثيرها على بروسيا-براندنبورج. - ظهور مملكة بروسيا عام 1701. - الثورة الفرنسية و حروب نابليون بونابرت في أوروبا. - معركة أوسترليتز 1805، و انهيار الإمبراطورية الرومانية المقدسة. - تشكيل اتحاد الراين 1806-1813. - سقوط اتحاد الراين و تكوين الاتحاد الألماني 1815. - محاولة اتحاد إرفورت. - اتفاقية أولمتز (إذلال أولمتز) 1850. - وضع بروسيا بعد معاهدة أولمتز. - الأمير فلهلم الأول و نبذة عن تاريخه. - أوتو فون بسمارك: ظهوره و أفكاره و نبذة عن شخصيته. - انتقال سلطات الملك فردريش فلهلم إلى ولي عهده الأمير فلهلم الأول. - تولية هلموت فون مولتكه قيادة الجيش البروسي. - وفاة الملك فردريش فلهلم الرابع و تولي الملك فلهلم الأول حكم بروسيا. - تولي أوتو فون بسمارك منصب رئيس وزراء بروسيا و وزير خارجيتها. - الصدام بين بسمارك و البرلمان، و خطبة (الدم و النار). - الأوضاع السياسية في أوروبا قبل التوحيد، و موقف روسيا و فرنسا و النمسا. - موقف بسمارك من الوحدة الألمانية و موقفه من الثورة البولندية علي روسيا. - الحرب النمساوية البروسية 1866 و معركة سادوا و صلح براغ. - حل (الاتحاد الألماني) و تكوين (الاتحاد الألماني الشمالي) - الصراع البروسي الفرنسي حول وراثة العرش الأسباني، و تسريب بسمارك لبرقية إيمز. - الحرب الفرنسية البروسية 1870. - معركة سيدان و أسر الإمبراطور نابليون الثالث. - حصار و سقوط باريس 1871. - إعلان الوحدة الألمانية 1871 و تتويج فلهلم الأول قيصر علي ألمانيا. - ما بعد الحرب الألمانية البروسية و ضم الألزاس و اللورين إلي ألمانيا. - تمهيد لأسباب الحرب العالمية الأولى. ................................................................... مصادر:- - التاريخ الاوربى الحديث من عصر النهضه إلى الحرب العالميه الأولى تأليف :عبد العزيز نوار/محمود محمد جمال الدين الناشر :دار الفكر العربى تاريخ الطبعة:1999 - تاريخ القرن التاسع عشر في أوروبا - منذ عهد الثورة الفرنسية حتى نهاية الحرب العظمى تأليف: محمد قاسم/ حسين حسني الناشر: مطبعة دار الكتب المصرية بالقاهرة تاريخ الطبعة 1929 مقالات متعددة من الموسوعة البريطانية أهمها: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Otto-von-Bismarck#ref9610 https://www.britannica.com/event/Franco-German-War ................................................................... صفحة هوامش علي فيسبوك: https://www.facebook.com/Margins2020
Jan Lemnitzer‘s new book Power, Law and the End of Privateering (Palgrave, 2014) offers an exciting new take on the relationship between law and power, exposing the delicate balance between great powers and small states that is necessary to create and enforce norms across the globe. The 1856 Declaration of Paris marks the precise moment when international law became universal, and is the template for creating new norms until today. Moreover, the treaty was an aggressive and successful British move to end privateering forever – then the United States’ main weapon in case of war with Britain. Based on previously untapped archival sources, Jan Lemnitzer shows why Britain granted generous neutral rights in the Crimean War, how the Europeans forced the United States to respect international law during the American Civil War, and why Bismarck threatened violent redemption during the Franco-German War of 1870/71. The powerful conclusion exposes the 19th century roots of our present international system, and why it is as fragile as before the First World War. A sample chapter of the book can be found on the publishers website here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Jan Lemnitzer‘s new book Power, Law and the End of Privateering (Palgrave, 2014) offers an exciting new take on the relationship between law and power, exposing the delicate balance between great powers and small states that is necessary to create and enforce norms across the globe. The 1856 Declaration of Paris marks the precise moment when international law became universal, and is the template for creating new norms until today. Moreover, the treaty was an aggressive and successful British move to end privateering forever – then the United States’ main weapon in case of war with Britain. Based on previously untapped archival sources, Jan Lemnitzer shows why Britain granted generous neutral rights in the Crimean War, how the Europeans forced the United States to respect international law during the American Civil War, and why Bismarck threatened violent redemption during the Franco-German War of 1870/71. The powerful conclusion exposes the 19th century roots of our present international system, and why it is as fragile as before the First World War. A sample chapter of the book can be found on the publishers website here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Jan Lemnitzer‘s new book Power, Law and the End of Privateering (Palgrave, 2014) offers an exciting new take on the relationship between law and power, exposing the delicate balance between great powers and small states that is necessary to create and enforce norms across the globe. The 1856 Declaration of Paris marks the precise moment when international law became universal, and is the template for creating new norms until today. Moreover, the treaty was an aggressive and successful British move to end privateering forever – then the United States’ main weapon in case of war with Britain. Based on previously untapped archival sources, Jan Lemnitzer shows why Britain granted generous neutral rights in the Crimean War, how the Europeans forced the United States to respect international law during the American Civil War, and why Bismarck threatened violent redemption during the Franco-German War of 1870/71. The powerful conclusion exposes the 19th century roots of our present international system, and why it is as fragile as before the First World War. A sample chapter of the book can be found on the publishers website here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Jan Lemnitzer‘s new book Power, Law and the End of Privateering (Palgrave, 2014) offers an exciting new take on the relationship between law and power, exposing the delicate balance between great powers and small states that is necessary to create and enforce norms across the globe. The 1856 Declaration of Paris marks the precise moment when international law became universal, and is the template for creating new norms until today. Moreover, the treaty was an aggressive and successful British move to end privateering forever – then the United States’ main weapon in case of war with Britain. Based on previously untapped archival sources, Jan Lemnitzer shows why Britain granted generous neutral rights in the Crimean War, how the Europeans forced the United States to respect international law during the American Civil War, and why Bismarck threatened violent redemption during the Franco-German War of 1870/71. The powerful conclusion exposes the 19th century roots of our present international system, and why it is as fragile as before the First World War. A sample chapter of the book can be found on the publishers website here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Jan Lemnitzer‘s new book Power, Law and the End of Privateering (Palgrave, 2014) offers an exciting new take on the relationship between law and power, exposing the delicate balance between great powers and small states that is necessary to create and enforce norms across the globe. The 1856 Declaration of Paris marks the precise moment when international law became universal, and is the template for creating new norms until today. Moreover, the treaty was an aggressive and successful British move to end privateering forever – then the United States’ main weapon in case of war with Britain. Based on previously untapped archival sources, Jan Lemnitzer shows why Britain granted generous neutral rights in the Crimean War, how the Europeans forced the United States to respect international law during the American Civil War, and why Bismarck threatened violent redemption during the Franco-German War of 1870/71. The powerful conclusion exposes the 19th century roots of our present international system, and why it is as fragile as before the First World War. A sample chapter of the book can be found on the publishers website here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Jan Lemnitzer‘s new book Power, Law and the End of Privateering (Palgrave, 2014) offers an exciting new take on the relationship between law and power, exposing the delicate balance between great powers and small states that is necessary to create and enforce norms across the globe. The 1856 Declaration of Paris marks the precise moment when international law became universal, and is the template for creating new norms until today. Moreover, the treaty was an aggressive and successful British move to end privateering forever – then the United States’ main weapon in case of war with Britain. Based on previously untapped archival sources, Jan Lemnitzer shows why Britain granted generous neutral rights in the Crimean War, how the Europeans forced the United States to respect international law during the American Civil War, and why Bismarck threatened violent redemption during the Franco-German War of 1870/71. The powerful conclusion exposes the 19th century roots of our present international system, and why it is as fragile as before the First World War. A sample chapter of the book can be found on the publishers website here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices