Podcasts about Italian

There are loads of Italian words that are actually English. See how they're used in travel, tech, entertainment, and more, plus tips on how to pronounce them the Italian way. Learn about our Online Italian School and get a free mini lesson every week: https://joyoflanguages.online/italian-school Subscribe to our new YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@joyoflanguages.italian?sub_confirmation=1 Get the bonus materials for this episode: https://italian.joyoflanguages.com/podcast/English-Italian-words Today's Italian words: Prenotiamo il tour? = Shall we book the tour? Prendiamo un taxi? = Shall we take a taxi? Usiamo il computer? = Shall we use the computer? L'app non funziona = The app doesn't work Non ho la password del WiFi = I don't have the WiFi password Che stress! = How stressful!

Dr. Renato Polimanti is an Associate Professor of Psychiatry, and he also has appointments in Biomedical Informatics & Data Science, as well as Chronic Disease Epidemiology at the Yale University School of Medicine, the School of Public Health, and the Wu Tsai Institute. Research in Renato's lab examines human genetics from different perspectives. His current projects aim to understand the molecular mechanisms that predispose certain individuals to develop psychiatric disorders and symptoms, and the links between co-morbid conditions like cardiovascular disease. He is particularly interested in internalizing psychiatric disorders, which include depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Some of Renato's favorite pastimes include reading, traveling to different countries, and trying various kinds of foods. He is a big fan of authentic Italian food as well as sushi, and Renato has explored many of the local restaurants in New Haven, Connecticut. Renato completed his bachelor's degree (BSc), Master's degree (MSc), and PhD at the University of Rome Tor Vergata. Afterwards, he conducted postdoctoral research at the Yale University School of Medicine before joining the faculty at Yale. He has received a variety of awards and honors for his work, including the One Mind Rising Star Computational Psychiatry Research Award, an Explorers Award from the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative, the Early Career Investigator Award from the Million Veteran Program, and Young Investigator Awards from the journal Genes, the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation, and the International Society of Applied Biological Sciences. In our interview, Renato shares more about his life and science.

Fr James Martin, SJ, is ecstatic over the latest authorization given to the Italian bishops. Sources: https://www.returntotradition.org Contact Me: Email: return2catholictradition@gmail.com Support My Work: Patreon https://www.patreon.com/AnthonyStine SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.net/return-to-tradition Buy Me A Coffee https://www.buymeacoffee.com/AnthonyStine Physical Mail: Anthony Stine PO Box 3048 Shawnee, OK 74802 Follow me on the following social media: https://www.facebook.com/ReturnToCatholicTradition/ https://twitter.com/pontificatormax +JMJ+

Fr James Martin, SJ, is ecstatic over the latest authorization given to the Italian bishops. Sources: https://www.returntotradition.org Contact Me: Email: return2catholictradition@gmail.com Support My Work: Patreon https://www.patreon.com/AnthonyStine SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.net/return-to-tradition Buy Me A Coffee https://www.buymeacoffee.com/AnthonyStine Physical Mail: Anthony Stine PO Box 3048 Shawnee, OK 74802 Follow me on the following social media: https://www.facebook.com/ReturnToCatholicTradition/ https://twitter.com/pontificatormax +JMJ+

In this week's episode of The Chazz Palminteri Show, I tackle the pressing issues facing New York City today. From the controversial $9 congestion tax to ongoing subway safety concerns, I share my thoughts on the challenges impacting everyday New Yorkers. Along the way, I reflect on my own childhood growing up in the Bronx, the lessons I learned, and the strength of our city's police force. Here's what I cover: How the $9 congestion tax affects working families and businesses The state of our subways and why supporting our police is crucial Personal memories from the Bronx and the values they instilled Finding the balance between compassion and enforcing rules Shocking incidents in NYC and what needs to change to protect our citizens This episode is filled with heartfelt reflections, strong opinions, and a look at what makes New York City great despite its challenges.

Plus: Russell Howells hits a “bleak” moment in his long fight to recover a fortune in Bitcoin from a dump in Wales.Also: A team of Italian physicists think they've found the recipe for the perfect cacio e pepe pasta, featuring…cornstarch?

Maria Morera Johnson and Heidi Hess Saxton welcome Beth Sri, co-author of The Good, the Messy, and the beautiful: The Joys and Struggles of Real Married Life. Beth Sri is a Catholic speaker, author, and mentor passionate about helping women embrace the joys (and chaos) of marriage and motherhood. She and her husband, Dr. Edward Sri, co-authored The Good, the Messy, and the Beautiful: The Joys and Struggles of Real Married Life. They live in Colorado with their eight kids—where Beth balances writing, leading retreats, cooking Italian meals, and cheering on her kids at soccer games. She's also on the board for Life-Giving Wounds, supporting adult children of divorce.

Today's story: Australia has passed a law that will prohibit children under 16 from accessing social media platforms like TikTok and Instagram. The law aims to protect kids from cyberbullying and mental health issues, but critics say it's an unfair restriction on kids' freedom to connect online.Transcript & Exercises: https://plainenglish.com/740--Upgrade all your skills in English: Plain English is the best current-events podcast for learning English.You might be learning English to improve your career, enjoy music and movies, connect with family abroad, or even prepare for an international move. Whatever your reason, we'll help you achieve your goals in English.How it works: Listen to a new story every Monday and Thursday. They're all about current events, trending topics, and what's going on in the world. Get exposure to new words and ideas that you otherwise might not have heard in English.The audio moves at a speed that's right for intermediate English learners: just a little slower than full native speed. You'll improve your English listening, learn new words, and have fun thinking in English.--Did you like this episode? You'll love the full Plain English experience. Join today and unlock the fast (native-speed) version of this episode, translations in the transcripts, how-to video lessons, live conversation calls, and more. Tap/click: PlainEnglish.com/joinHere's where else you can find us: Instagram | YouTube | WhatsApp | EmailMentioned in this episode:Hard words? No problemNever be confused by difficult words in Plain English again! See translations of the hardest words and phrases from English to your language. Each episode transcript includes built-in translations into Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, German, French, Italian, Japanese, Polish, and Turkish. Sign up for a free 14-day trial at PlainEnglish.com

We're finally creeping closer to the release of FM25 so this week the squad discuss players who should see a big boost in their Football Manager profiles going into the new game. Doop also updates us on his Arsenal challenge and we finish on an Italian themed quiz.

Planning a trip to Italy during the Jubilee Year 2025? Don't miss this expert guide! Fr. Edward is joined by Teresa Tomeo, a veteran Catholic journalist, Italian heritage enthusiast, and author of Italy's Shrines and Wonders: Discovering Sacred Spaces, Fascinating Places, and Destinations Off the Beaten Path. With over 70 trips to Italy, Teresa shares insider travel tips to make your pilgrimage or vacation unforgettable. In this episode, you'll discover: ✅ Must-see Vatican and Rome sites for pilgrims. ✅ Tips for finding authentic Italian restaurants. ✅ The best ways to travel around Italy (train vs. car). ✅ Hidden gems like Assisi, Matera, and Padre Pio's shrine. ✅ The tomb of soon-to-be Saint Carlo Acutis. ✅ When to visit Italy for great weather and fewer crowds. ✅ How an Italian pilgrimage can deepen your faith and inspire others. Learn how to plan a spiritually enriching trip while avoiding common tourist pitfalls. Whether it's your first visit or you're a seasoned traveler, these tips will help you navigate the Jubilee Year with ease!

Send us a textNew Year, New You? Everybody and their momma is going to the gym right now, and if you go to Pensacola Fitness you'll recognize this impressive father/son duo, IFBB Pro bodybuilder, Mike Martin and his son, future Mr. Olympia, Zion Martin, I wanted to have them on to learn all about the world of weight lifting, and the Italian stallion cohosting with me is my buddy Gianluca who jumped on to be apart of it having introduced us and having prior experiences learning from Big Mike, what Mike and Zion are doing is extremely impressive, having the knowledge of a Professional in your father (Mike) and the advantage of time and genetics on your side in Zion, his future and potential is limitless, so excited to see where they go with it, happy to have met them and had them on the podcast, solid fucking dudes! Hope you all enjoy this one!Follow them on Instagram:@glucavolpara@natty_4_life@datzwutwedo_ifbb_proFollow us on Instagram:@somepeoplesuckpod@thisisthehomie@_hylty

Welcome to the daily304 – your window into Wonderful, Almost Heaven, West Virginia.   Today is Monday, Jan. 13, 2025. Winter weather means it's ice skating season in WV--check out 3 outdoor rinks with beautiful views…plan the ultimate pepperoni roll road trip through Almost Heaven…and you don't have to leave your couch to enjoy the next installment of Mountain State Music…on today's daily304.   #1 – From WV LIVING – Hibernating is as natural for humans as it is for animals, but it seems the people who love winter are those who go outside. As the saying goes, “There is no such thing as bad weather—only unsuitable clothing.” So grab a hat and a pair of mittens and pull on another sweater—it's ice skating season in West Virginia. In Canaan Valley, White Sulphur Springs and Wheeling, these three outdoor ice rinks will give you both the adrenaline rush and some beautiful views. Read more: https://wvliving.com/adventures-on-ice/   #2 – From TASTE WV – The pepperoni roll is a beloved snack that originated in West Virginia, capturing the hearts (and taste buds) of locals and visitors alike.  Created in the 1920s with influence from Italian immigrants who worked in coal mines, pepperoni rolls were a convenient, shelf-stable meal that could be eaten on the go. Typically, these rolls consist of soft bread filled with slices or sticks of pepperoni, which bake to release flavorful oils into the bread, creating a warm, savory treat.  Today, pepperoni rolls are not just a regional delicacy but a symbol of West Virginia's rich history. For the ultimate pepperoni roll road trip, check out the bakery recommendations in Taste WV. Read more: https://tastewv.com/the-ultimate-list-of-the-best-pepperoni-rolls-you-have-to-try/   #3 – From DAILY304 – The daily304 and Folklore Music Exchange are proud to present Mountain State Music's 2024 showcase in Charleston. This week's show features Woodbine, Nathan Bess, Annie Neeley Band, Makenna Hope, and Dalchord. Tune into YouTube to enjoy a concert from your couch. Sit back, relax, and enjoy live music from Almost Heaven, West Virginia. Watch the video: https://www.youtube.com/live/3NOexyzgdmI   Find these stories and more at wv.gov/daily304. The daily304 curated news and information is brought to you by the West Virginia Department of Commerce: Sharing the wealth, beauty and opportunity in West Virginia with the world. Follow the daily304 on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram @daily304. Or find us online at wv.gov and just click the daily304 logo.  That's all for now. Take care. Be safe. Get outside and enjoy all the opportunity West Virginia has to offer.  

Fluent Fiction - Italian: Battling Flu and Exams: Luca's Winter Triumph Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/it/episode/2025-01-13-08-38-19-it Story Transcript:It: In un freddo mattino d'inverno, nella quiete del dormitorio universitario, Luca si sveglia avvolto nelle coperte.En: On a cold winter morning, in the quiet of the university dormitory, Luca wakes up wrapped in blankets.It: Fuori dalla finestra, gli alberi sono coperti da un lieve strato di neve.En: Outside the window, the trees are covered with a light layer of snow.It: Luca ha i brividi e si sente strano.En: Luca has chills and feels strange.It: Pensa agli esami.En: He thinks about the exams.It: Oggi pubblicheranno i risultati.En: Today they will post the results.It: La stanza è accogliente ma disordinata.En: The room is cozy but messy.It: Libri e appunti sono sparsi ovunque.En: Books and notes are scattered everywhere.It: Luca si siede sul letto, si guarda intorno, e si sente un po' perso.En: Luca sits on the bed, looks around, and feels a bit lost.It: La sua testa è pesante e i sintomi dell'influenza sono sempre più precisi.En: His head is heavy, and the symptoms of the flu are becoming more apparent.It: "Devo riposare," pensa.En: "I need to rest," he thinks.It: Ma si preoccupa di perdere l'uscita dei risultati.En: But he's worried about missing the release of the results.It: Gianna, la sua compagna di stanza, entra con un sorriso.En: Gianna, his roommate, enters with a smile.It: "Hey, Luca, come stai?En: "Hey, Luca, how are you?It: Hai un aspetto terribile!"En: You look terrible!"It: dice Gianna ridendo.En: Gianna says, laughing.It: "Non molto bene," risponde Luca, tossendo leggermente.En: "Not very well," Luca replies, coughing slightly.It: "Ho paura che sia influenza."En: "I'm afraid it's the flu."It: "Dovresti rimanere a letto," consiglia Gianna.En: "You should stay in bed," advises Gianna.It: "Non vuoi peggiorare."En: "You don't want to get worse."It: "No, no.En: "No, no.It: Devo andare.En: I have to go.It: Devo vedere i risultati," insiste Luca ostinatamente.En: I need to see the results," insists Luca stubbornly.It: Marco, un amico comune, entra nella stanza con una tazza di tè caldo.En: Marco, a mutual friend, enters the room with a cup of hot tea.It: "Ciao, Luca!En: "Hi, Luca!It: Ho sentito che non stai bene.En: I heard you're not well.It: Tieni questo, ti farà bene."En: Take this, it will do you good."It: Luca sorride debolmente.En: Luca smiles weakly.It: "Grazie, Marco.En: "Thanks, Marco.It: Ma penso di avere la febbre.En: But I think I have a fever.It: Sta peggiorando."En: It's getting worse."It: Gianna e Marco si guardano preoccupati.En: Gianna and Marco exchange worried looks.It: "Rimani qui," dice Marco.En: "Stay here," says Marco.It: "Possiamo andare noi a vedere i risultati per te."En: "We can go check the results for you."It: Ma Luca scuote la testa.En: But Luca shakes his head.It: "No, voglio vederli di persona."En: "No, I want to see them myself."It: Così, contro il consiglio dei suoi amici, Luca si vestì e si coprì bene.En: So, against their friends' advice, Luca got dressed and wrapped himself up well.It: Ogni passo verso la bacheca sembra un'eternità.En: Each step towards the notice board feels like an eternity.It: Il corridoio è affollato di studenti che chiacchierano eccitati.En: The hallway is crowded with students chatting excitedly.It: Finalmente arriva, ma i sintomi sono troppo forti.En: Finally, he arrives, but the symptoms are too strong.It: La vista inizia a sfocare e sente girare la testa.En: His vision starts to blur, and he feels dizzy.It: Si appoggia alla parete per non cadere.En: He leans against the wall to keep from falling.It: Vedendo Luca in difficoltà, Gianna e Marco si affrettano ad aiutarlo.En: Seeing Luca struggling, Gianna and Marco rush to help him.It: Gianna lo tiene per un braccio mentre Marco controlla i risultati.En: Gianna holds him by the arm while Marco checks the results.It: "Luca!En: "Luca!It: Ce l'hai fatta!En: You did it!It: Hai passato tutti gli esami!"En: You passed all your exams!"It: Luca si lascia andare a un sorriso debole mentre la consapevolezza scema.En: Luca manages a weak smile as his awareness fades.It: "Davvero?En: "Really?It: Mi sento... così stanco..." borbotta prima di svenire lentamente, con Gianna che lo sostiene delicatamente.En: I feel... so tired..." he mutters before slowly fainting, with Gianna gently supporting him.It: Qualche ora dopo, Luca si sveglia nella sua stanza.En: A few hours later, Luca wakes up in his room.It: La testa non gira più così tanto e si sente meglio.En: His head is no longer spinning as much, and he feels better.It: Gianna e Marco gli sono accanto.En: Gianna and Marco are by his side.It: "Abbiamo aspettato che ti riprendessi," dice Marco.En: "We waited for you to recover," says Marco.It: "Ce l'hai fatta, amico.En: "You did it, man.It: Hai passato tutti!"En: You passed everything!"It: Luca si sente sollevato, un peso enorme cade dalle sue spalle.En: Luca feels relieved, a huge weight falls off his shoulders.It: "Grazie, ragazzi," dice, sentendo l'importanza del sostegno degli amici.En: "Thank you, guys," he says, feeling the importance of his friends' support.It: "Avrei dovuto ascoltarvi e prendermi cura di me stesso prima."En: "I should have listened to you and taken care of myself earlier."It: Con un sorriso rassicurante, Gianna risponde: "L'hai imparato per la prossima volta.En: With a reassuring smile, Gianna responds: "You've learned for next time.It: Ora, riposati."En: Now, rest."It: Luca finalmente comprende l'importanza di ascoltare il proprio corpo e di fidarsi delle persone che si prendono cura di lui.En: Luca finally understands the importance of listening to his body and trusting those who care about him.It: E mentre guarda fuori dalla finestra, osservando la neve che cade lentamente, sa che con amici come Gianna e Marco, può affrontare qualsiasi difficoltà.En: And as he looks out the window, watching the snow gently fall, he knows that with friends like Gianna and Marco, he can face any challenge. Vocabulary Words:the dormitory: il dormitoriowrapped: avvoltothe blanket: la copertathe exam: l'esamethe result: il risultatocozy: accoglientemessy: disordinatathe note: l'appuntoscattered: sparsiheavy: pesanteapparent: precisito cough: tossirethe flu: l'influenzastubbornly: ostinatamentethe mutual friend: l'amico comunethe tea: il tèthe symptom: il sintomoto blur: sfocaredizzy: girare la testato lean: appoggiarsito support: sostenereawareness: la consapevolezzato faint: svenirethe relief: il sollievothe shoulder: la spallareassuring: rassicuranteto recover: riprendersithe weight: il pesoto trust: fidarsito face: affrontare

On this week's Reel Talk: Honey gets a double dose of Better Man in the cinema, Jonathan and Honey watch Nosferatu on the big screen and the pair dive into Season 2 of Squid Game on Netflix.The first episode of 2025 also welcomes a discussion on Nosferatu's squeaky-clean rats and the time Jonathan was accosted in an Italian deli over Robbie Williams.Remember, if you want to get involved you can email us at reeltalk@global.comListen and subscribe to Reel Talk on Global Player or wherever you get your podcasts.

Today on America in the Morning   Blame For LA Wildfires The death toll continues to rise, dangerous winds are fanning the flames again, and finger pointing, blame and questioning continues as does the fire fight against deadly wildfires in Los Angeles. From the City of Angels, here's our Jim Roope.   Biden News Conference After being criticized for a scarcity of doing news conferences, President Biden held a rare Q and A with reporters, likely his last one at the White House. John Stolnis has more from Washington.     Planning For Executive Orders Republican lawmakers are expecting a slew of executive orders when President-elect Donald Trump enters the White House one week from today. Correspondent Clayton Neville reports.    Latest On Hostage Talks President Biden and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu spoke by phone to discuss the latest in the hostage negotiations between Israel and Hamas. Laurence Brooks reports a large Israeli delegation is heading to Qatar in the hopes to secure a US-mediated hostage release.    Second Bird Flu Death A second person has died from the Bird Flu. Fox News reports a man in his 60's succumbed in Louisiana, and now a child in California is dead.  Ben Thomas reports on ways to avoid the Bird Flu, which is also responsible for the increase in the cost of eggs.    Steel Merger Delay After ordering a block of an announced merger between Nippon Steel and Pittsburgh's US Steel, the Biden administration has ordered a delay until June for the Japanese-based steel giant to abandon it's nearly $15 billion dollar bid.        Latest On The LA Wildfires Now for the latest on the still-out-of-control wildfires in the Los Angeles area. The death toll has climbed above two dozen, one of those was a 66-year-old man desperately trying to defend the home he lived in for 55 years. As correspondent Julie Walker reports, strong Santa Ana Winds are expected to fuel the fire that has destroyed thousands of structures, and Governor Gavin Newsom says this could become the most costly disaster in American history.    Combating Wildfire Looting In the midst of all the carnage and chaos in dealing with the Los Angeles wildfires, looting has become a serious issue. A man dressed like a firefighter was arrested after being caught burglarizing a home in the Malibu area.     Cabinet Hearings To Begin Just one week from today, President-elect Donald Trump will be inaugurated, and during this week, his Cabinet picks are attending confirmation hearings on Capitol Hill. Correspondent Clayton Neville reports.    Italy Releases Man Wanted By The US Italy released an Iranian engineer who is wanted by the United States over a drone strike that killed three U.S. service members. Mohammad Abedini arrived in Iran last night, after the Italian Justice Minister asked an Italian court to vacate his arrest.    Vance On Wildfires, J6 & Greenland Vice President-elect J.D. Vance believes some January 6 protesters were treated unfairly and should be pardoned by Donald Trump. Pamela Furr reports on a wide-ranging interview Vance gave to Fox News.    Southern Snow After one of its hottest summers, most of Georgia ground to a halt with snow and ice leading to power outages, shuttered schools from Texas to Tennessee, and thousands of delayed and canceled flights in the Peach State and throughout the South. Correspondent Donna Warder reports that Memphis, Tennessee received three times the amount of snow it gets in one year, in less than a day.     Finally   Baseball season begins next month with Spring Training and after that, the regular season, but for two New York Yankee fans, they can watch the games at home but they will find they are persona non grata if they try to enter any Major League stadium. Mike Hempen tells us why. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Recorded 10th April 2024 visit: http://beautyofreallove.com/ visit: https://sadhumaharaja.net/ audio: https://tinyurl.com/BeautyOfRealLove #raganugabhakti #bhaktiyoga #radha

The boys come together at the Bristol Beer Factory after a couple of cheeky pints to review the narrow victory at the Gate aganst Benetton. It was an inconsistent win but with plenty to be postive about despite almost losing at the end. Before that though, Miles issues a public apology to the whole Italian nation and we run through a large list of people who we saw at the game.We then offer our analysis based on what we could actually remember as well as broadening the discussion to all manner of rugby-related subjects, including the Bears Womens' clinical victory at Sandy Park which saw Ilona Maher score a debut try right out of the Jonah Lomu playbook.Finally we have a suprise guest a superfan Simon Stone joins us as he happened to wander past the BBF on his way home.Vote for us in the Sorts Podcast Awards!https://www.sportspodcastgroup.com/sports_category/best-rugby-podcast/All this and more!Let us know what you think!

We welcome Walter Speller to The Premier Cru. Walter has built a brilliant career as a wine writer, specialising in Italian wine and contributing to Jancis Robinson's purple pages. Walter recently invited us to the Benvenuto Brunello tasting, to try the 2020 vintage that is being released to market in January 2025. We thought it was the perfect opportunity to: Introduce you to Brunello as a wine region Discuss the 2020 vintage and resulting wines Assess the trends shaping Brunello, including single-vineyard wines Follow ⁠@The_Premier_Cru⁠ on socials to keep up to date with future episodes and behind the scenes snippets.

From Chummy Studios, Hye Jams Radio presents, “Paisan and Friends,” brought to you by Haig's Kabob House. The crazy Italian from New York is back! Join Paisan for an unforgettable hour of his favorite Armenian-American hits, blending infectious energy with a playlist that'll keep you grooving. Broadcasting from Los Angeles, Paisan also takes a heartfelt moment to address the victims of the devastating fires sweeping through the Southland, sharing his hopes, prayers, and solidarity with the community during these tough times. This episode is packed with great music, compelling commentary, and even a bold prediction for the rest of 2025 that you won't want to miss. Check out New Jams from Jor Mkoyan, Sirusho and Artur Safoyan. Plus Hits you know and love from Karenich, Eric Shane, Djan Edmonte, Karo Sahakyan, D'Litte, DJ Davo, Vartan Taymazyan, Lidushi, Aram MP3, 3.33, Nare Ghazaryan, Armenchik, The Gypsy Kings, Super Sako, Gevorg Martirosyan, Mash Israelyan, Kolo, Shprot and Tatul--to name a few. Tune in to Paisan & Friends on Hye Jams Radio for a show that's as vibrant, meaningful, and entertaining as ever!

In this episode, we discuss the importance of having knowledge of federal agency needs and market demands when selling to the government. First off, you need to know how the government was organized, the location of military installations, and which markets to satisfy. We also stress the importance of knowing what products or services to sell and how to deliver them. My guest shares her international organization that supports US-based companies that work internationally and while most of their clients are Italian companies, they also support foreign companies from Iraq and elsewhere in Italy. Want to know how you can do it as well? listen now!

It is I, DJ Witwicky of the Takagura Dojo. Here to break you off some knowledge via the World Wide Web. Welcome to Digital Dimension. No theme, rhyme or reason in this installment. Just following my ninja intuition and blasting an hour worth of jams for my beloved listening audience. Picked up a few new albums yesterday. I risked it all driving in the ice to leave the store with a 1980 Italian pressing of Jimi Hendrix, a disco Sly Stone album and two Redd Foxx comedy joints. Tremendous. As always, thank you for being here I hope someone enjoyed it. Keisha, keep rocking in the free world. Your Host with the Most,Billy Bing Bong

Apparently two Italian brothers - possibly plumbers from the Mushroom Kingdom - tape recorded radio signals featuring Soviet Cosmonauts dying in space during the early 1960s, and Rob is here to tell you all about it

Welcome to the daily304 – your window into Wonderful, Almost Heaven, West Virginia.   Today is Sunday, Jan. 12, 2025. Take an exhilarating ride on the longest sled run on the East Coast--at Blackwater Falls State Park…WV elementary school students are invited to participate in an essay contest for the chance to win college savings money…and a popular Charleston gelataria is relocating and getting a new restaurant neighbor…on today's daily304. #1 – From WV STATE PARKS – Experience the thrill of winter at Blackwater Falls State Park, home to the longest sled run on the East Coast. This family-friendly attraction is the perfect way to create cherished memories and enjoy wintertime fun.  The sled run features a magic carpet lift for a smooth return to the top of the hill and illuminated trails for nighttime sledding. There's also cozy warming hut featuring great views of the sled run, along with warm beverages, snacks and retail items Tickets sell out fast, so it's recommended that you purchase them online in advance. Plan to stay a few days to enjoy the park and its scenery. Overnight accommodations include a full-service lodge and cozy cabins. To make a reservation, visit wvstateparks.com. Read more: https://wvstateparks.com/press-release/blackwater-falls-sled-run-tickets-going-quickly-for-2024-2025-season/?userID=a54cbab2-cf4c-417f-b5c2-b4a5c2f17eeb&campaign_name=wv_dept_of_commerce&campaign_medium=advocacy&campaign_source=everyonesocial&es_id=f0133b266e   #2 – From WVVA-TV– West Virginia elementary school students are invited to participate in the statewide 2025 SMART529 “When I Grow Up” student and teacher essay contest.  The annual essay contest gives students the chance to win up to $5,000 in SMART529 savings for higher education, and teachers have the chance to win a $2,500 cash prize. The contest is open to students in kindergarten through fifth grade. In 200 words or less, students need to talk about what they want to be when they grow up. Entries will be judged on originality, creativity and the importance of post-secondary education. Entry forms for both students and teachers are available at www.SMART529.com.  Read more: https://www.wvva.com/2025/01/06/west-virginia-when-i-grow-up-essay-contest-announced/   #3 – From WV FOOD GUY – A popular Charleston gelateria has closed its doors, but fans of the café's Italian-style pastries, coffees and gelatos won't have to wait too long – or go too far – to enjoy them again. Caffe Romeo on Bridge Road closed over the holidays and will be moving down the street to relocate in the space once housing Caldwell Insurance Agency on Walnut Road.   That new location, which will be next door to Chef Paul Smith's new Paulie's Italian restaurant opening in the old Bridge Road Bistro building, is expected to open this March.   Caffe Romeo is expected to open at the Walnut Road location sometime in March. Owner Mario Sommella says the new location will afford them the opportunity to upgrade their format to include new authentic Italian items. Read more: https://www.wvfoodguy.com/post/caffe-romeo-moving-new-southwest-bar-and-grill-coming   Find these stories and more at wv.gov/daily304. The daily304 curated news and information is brought to you by the West Virginia Department of Commerce: Sharing the wealth, beauty and opportunity in West Virginia with the world. Follow the daily304 on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram @daily304. Or find us online at wv.gov and just click the daily304 logo.  That's all for now. Take care. Be safe. Get outside and enjoy all the opportunity West Virginia has to offer.  

In this encore episode, we revisit the hilarious mispronunciations that come with having parents who speak English as a second language. We share plenty of our own examples and hear some of the funny ones you’ve sent in as well. Plus, we take a look at our parents' ridiculous encounters with technology and social media. Wait until you hear what Carlo & Joe's dad accidentally posted to 'da Face-abook'! Thank you for supporting our podcast in 2024! We look forward to bringing you fresh new episodes after our summer break. Happy New Year! CREDITS Hosts: Joe Salanitri, Carlo Salanitri, Andrew Manfre Producer: Mandy CatalanoAudio Imager: Nat Marshall Follow the Sooshi Mango Podcast page on Instagram @sooshimangopodcast and on Tiktok @sooshimangopodcast See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Join Big Vito LoGrasso and Duke Loves Rasslin' for another action-packed episode! Godfather II Deep Dive: We explore the iconic restaurant scene and uncover how it was inspired by the real-life mobster Lucky Luciano's hit on Joe Masseria. Gym Tan Laundry: Before the Shore: Discover the surprising origins of the "Gym Tan Laundry" lifestyle and why the Jersey Shore cast wasn't the first to embrace it. Mob Wives Roundtable: Vito shares his candid opinions on the cast of Mob Wives, analyzing their personalities and how they presented themselves to the world. Word of the Day: Learn a new Italian word from Vito himself and see how it can be used in a sentence. Don't miss this entertaining and educational episode of the Friend Of Ours Podcast! #TheFriendOfOursPodcast #GodfatherII #BoardwalkEmpire #LuckyLuciano #BigVito #Podcast #MafiaHistory #FiveFamilies #TheCommission #MobWives #DukeLovesRasslin *Theme and Artwork created with AI assistance.*

Fluent Fiction - Italian: Rediscovering Connection: Giovanni's Colosseo Revelation Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/it/episode/2025-01-12-23-34-02-it Story Transcript:It: Giovanni camminava con passi indecisi lungo le strade di Roma in una fredda mattina d'inverno.En: Giovanni walked with uncertain steps along the streets of Roma on a cold winter morning.It: Il cielo era limpido, e l'aria pungente pizzicava le guance dei ragazzi mentre si dirigevano verso il Colosseo.En: The sky was clear, and the biting air stung the cheeks of the kids as they headed towards the Colosseo.It: Il loro liceo aveva organizzato una gita scolastica e Giovanni, insieme ai suoi amici Luca ed Elena, avrebbe vissuto un giorno speciale.En: Their high school had organized a school trip, and Giovanni, along with his friends Luca and Elena, was about to experience a special day.It: Mentre il gruppo avanzava tra i turisti, Giovanni sentiva una leggera inquietudine.En: As the group moved among the tourists, Giovanni felt a slight unease.It: Luca ed Elena ridevano e scattavano foto, ma lui sentiva una distanza che non riusciva a spiegare.En: Luca and Elena were laughing and taking pictures, but he felt a distance that he couldn't explain.It: Mentre attraversavano l'arco imponente del Colosseo, Giovanni si fermò, affascinato dal tempo che sembrava cristallizzato nel marmo antico.En: As they passed through the imposing arch of the Colosseo, Giovanni stopped, fascinated by the time that seemed crystallized in the ancient marble.It: Il Colosseo era un misto di suoni e voci, un ponte tra passato e presente.En: The Colosseo was a mix of sounds and voices, a bridge between past and present.It: Giovanni osservava le pietre consumate dal tempo, immaginando le storie che avrebbero potuto raccontare.En: Giovanni observed the stones worn by time, imagining the stories they might have told.It: Mentre Luca ed Elena continuavano a scherzare sulla bellezza dell'arena come sfondo per i loro selfie, Giovanni si sentì sopraffatto.En: While Luca and Elena kept joking about how beautiful the arena was as a background for their selfies, Giovanni felt overwhelmed.It: Si chiedeva perché non riuscisse a condividere la loro spensieratezza.En: He wondered why he couldn't share their lightheartedness.It: D'improvviso, Giovanni prese una decisione.En: Suddenly, Giovanni made a decision.It: Sentiva il bisogno di silenzio, un momento tutto per sé.En: He felt the need for silence, a moment just for himself.It: Senza dire nulla, si allontanò dal gruppo.En: Without saying anything, he moved away from the group.It: Scelse un passaggio meno affollato, una scala che lo portò verso una parte nascosta dell'anfiteatro.En: He chose a less crowded passage, a staircase that led him to a hidden part of the amphitheater.It: Qui, lontano dal rumore, trovò un'iscrizione antica incisa nella pietra.En: Here, away from the noise, he found an ancient inscription carved into the stone.It: Il testo era in latino, una lingua che Giovanni stava imparando a scuola.En: The text was in Latin, a language that Giovanni was learning at school.It: Con attenzione, decifrò le parole: "Omnes sumus inter se coniuncti."En: Carefully, he deciphered the words: "Omnes sumus inter se coniuncti."It: Tradotto, significava "Siamo tutti connessi l'uno con l'altro."En: Translated, it meant "We are all connected to one another."It: Quel momento fu magico.En: That moment was magical.It: Giovanni sentì un legame profondo con la persona che aveva inciso quelle parole secoli prima.En: Giovanni felt a deep connection with the person who had carved those words centuries before.It: Realizzò che appartenenza e connessione potevano trascendere il tempo e il luogo.En: He realized that belonging and connection could transcend time and place.It: Quelle parole erano una mano tesa attraverso i secoli, e in quell'istante, Giovanni non si sentì più solo.En: Those words were an outstretched hand across the centuries, and in that instant, Giovanni no longer felt alone.It: Tornò dal gruppo con un sorriso nuovo e un cuore leggero.En: He returned to the group with a new smile and a light heart.It: Anche Luca ed Elena notarono il cambiamento.En: Even Luca and Elena noticed the change.It: Giovanni condivise la sua scoperta con loro.En: Giovanni shared his discovery with them.It: Parlarono di quanto fosse speciale sentirsi parte di qualcosa di più grande.En: They talked about how special it was to feel part of something larger.It: Luca ed Elena ascoltarono, interessati al significato dietro le antiche pietre, più delle immagini che avrebbero potuto catturare.En: Luca and Elena listened, interested in the meaning behind the ancient stones, more than the images they could capture.It: La gita scolastica terminò, ma per Giovanni, quella giornata al Colosseo segnò un inizio.En: The school trip ended, but for Giovanni, that day at the Colosseo marked a beginning.It: Ora capiva che le connessioni potevano essere profonde e autentiche, anche quando si sentiva diverso.En: He now understood that connections could be deep and authentic, even when he felt different.It: I suoi interessi erano una parte di lui da celebrare, e con quella consapevolezza, si sentiva finalmente in pace.En: His interests were a part of him to celebrate, and with that awareness, he finally felt at peace. Vocabulary Words:the steps: i passiuncertain: indecisithe cheeks: le guancethe high school: il liceothe unease: la inquietudinethe imposing: l'imponentethe arch: l'arcofascinated: affascinatocrystallized: cristallizzatothe marble: il marmoworn: consumateoverwhelmed: sopraffattolightheartedness: spensieratezzathe silence: il silenzioa moment: un momentothe passage: il passaggiocrowded: affollatothe staircase: la scalathe amphitheater: l'anfiteatrothe inscription: l'iscrizionecarved: incisato decipher: decifrareconnected: connessito transcend: trascenderethe belonging: l'appartenenzathe connection: la connessionean outstretched hand: una mano tesato share: condividereauthentic: autenticheawareness: consapevolezza

Fluent Fiction - Italian: Triumph Over Snow: A Winter Art Tale in Roma's Heart Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/it/episode/2025-01-12-08-38-19-it Story Transcript:It: Il freddo invernale avvolgeva la piazza di Roma, un luogo pulsante di vita e magia.En: The winter cold enveloped the square of Roma, a place pulsating with life and magic.It: Tra le luci scintillanti e le decorazioni natalizie, bancarelle di dolci e presepi animavano il Mercato dell'Epifania.En: Among the sparkling lights and Christmas decorations, stalls of sweets and nativity scenes enlivened the Mercato dell'Epifania.It: In mezzo a tutto questo, Luca passeggiava con Giulia, la curatrice organizzata che lo aiutava a pianificare la sua prima esposizione d'arte all'aperto.En: Amidst all this, Luca strolled with Giulia, the organized curator who was helping him plan his first outdoor art exhibition.It: "Luca, dobbiamo pensare a qualcosa di speciale," disse Giulia, osservando lo spazio centrale.En: "Luca, we need to think of something special," said Giulia, observing the central space.It: Il cielo era cupo e le previsioni meteo minacciavano neve.En: The sky was gloomy and the weather forecast threatened snow.It: Non era un buon presagio per un'esposizione all'aperto.En: It was not a good omen for an outdoor exhibition.It: Luca aveva un sogno: impressionare i critici e farsi un nome nell'arte.En: Luca had a dream: to impress the critics and make a name for himself in art.It: Stava lavorando duramente sotto la guida di Marco, uno scultore locale di successo.En: He was working hard under the guidance of Marco, a successful local sculptor.It: Marco, pur avendo ottenuto riconoscimenti, sentiva che la sua creatività si era fermata.En: Marco, despite having received recognition, felt that his creativity had stalled.It: Voleva aiutare Luca a evitare lo stesso destino.En: He wanted to help Luca avoid the same fate.It: "Luca," disse Marco, con la sua solita calma, "perché non creiamo qualcosa che parla dell'inverno?En: "Luca," Marco said, with his usual calm, "why don't we create something that speaks of winter?It: Così possiamo integrarlo nella celebrazione dell'Epifania."En: That way we can integrate it into the celebration of the Epifania."It: Luca ci pensò sopra.En: Luca thought it over.It: L'idea di un'installazione a tema invernale sembrava promettente.En: The idea of a winter-themed installation seemed promising.It: Con l'aiuto di Marco, crearono sculture di ghiaccio e dipinti che evocavano il freddo ma accogliente spirito natalizio di Roma.En: With Marco's help, they created ice sculptures and paintings that evoked the cold yet welcoming Christmas spirit of Roma.It: Mancavano pochi giorni all'evento quando una tempesta di neve colpì improvvisamente la città.En: There were only a few days left until the event when a snowstorm suddenly hit the city.It: Tutto sembrava perduto, ma Luca non si arrese.En: Everything seemed lost, but Luca did not give up.It: Con coraggio disse, "Giulia, possiamo usare il grande tendone del mercato dell'Epifania.En: With courage, he said, "Giulia, we can use the large tent of the Mercato dell'Epifania.It: Così proteggeremo le opere e attireremo ancora più persone."En: That way we can protect the works and attract even more people."It: Giulia si preoccupava del budget limitato, ma l'entusiasmo di Luca era contagioso.En: Giulia was concerned about the limited budget, but Luca's enthusiasm was contagious.It: Organizzarono rapidamente il trasloco sotto il tendone, aggiungendo calore e colore all'esposizione.En: They quickly organized the move under the tent, adding warmth and color to the exhibition.It: Il giorno dell'evento, malgrado la neve, la piazza si riempì di visitatori.En: On the day of the event, despite the snow, the square filled with visitors.It: La gente era affascinata dall'insolito connubio tra arte e festività.En: People were fascinated by the unusual blend of art and festivities.It: Le sculture brillavano sotto le luci, mentre i dipinti raccontavano storie di inverni passati e speranze future.En: The sculptures shone under the lights, while the paintings told stories of winters past and hopes for the future.It: Luca osservava tutto, notando le espressioni felici della gente.En: Luca watched everything, noting the happy expressions of the people.It: Stava veramente realizzando il suo sogno.En: He was truly realizing his dream.It: Un critico locale scrisse una recensione entusiasta, lodando l'originalità e l'audacia dell'esposizione.En: A local critic wrote an enthusiastic review, praising the originality and boldness of the exhibition.It: Mentre l'evento volgeva al termine, Luca si resse accanto a Marco.En: As the event was coming to a close, Luca stood next to Marco.It: "Grazie," disse.En: "Thank you," he said.It: "Ho imparato che l'adattabilità è la chiave, e che lavorare insieme è meglio che competere."En: "I learned that adaptability is key, and that working together is better than competing."It: Marco sorrise, sentendosi di nuovo ispirato.En: Marco smiled, feeling inspired once again.It: La piazza si svuotava lentamente, ma nel cuore di Luca quella notte rimaneva un brillante calore, la certezza che avevano creato qualcosa di unico e speciale.En: The square slowly emptied, but in Luca's heart that night remained a brilliant warmth, the certainty that they had created something unique and special. Vocabulary Words:the square: la piazzato envelop: avvolgerepulsating: pulsantethe curator: la curatricegloomy: cupothe omen: il presagiothe critic: il criticothe sculptor: lo scultoreto stall: fermarsito integrate: integrarethe snowstorm: la tempesta di neveto attract: attirarethe budget: il budgetthe blend: il connubiothe warmth: il calorethe tent: il tendoneto evoke: evocareto realize: realizzareenthusiastic: entusiastathe boldness: l'audaciato praise: lodarethe adaptability: l'adattabilitàto compete: competereto inspire: inspirareunique: unicothe certainty: la certezzato hit (impact): colpireto seem: sembrarethe installation: l'installazioneto protect: proteggere

Hitler, feeling himself obliged to help out his inept ally Mussolini, was dragged into two wars the Italian dictator had started but lacked the resources to prosecute to victory: in North Africa and in Greece. Where the Italians had failed, the Germans moved in with lightning speed, overrunning Yugoslavia and Greece, and driving the hitherto triumphant British into retreat in Libya. Britain meanwhile was feeling the pain of a German blockade, most effectively applied by submarines, the deadly U-boats of the German navy. Britain was stepping up its bombing of Germany (while also continuing to be bombed back itself), in the deluded belief that this might win the war. That limited its ability to extend air protection to convoys of ships crossing the Atlantic, where it came close to losing it. Then in June 1941, Germany made a colossal error. Despite having committed forces in North Africa and the Balkans, it went ahead with Hitler's pet project, the invasion of the Soviet Union. Suddenly Britain, previously without great power allies, found the Soviets dragged into fighting the Germans too. In December, Japan made an equally massive mistake, attacking the US in an air raid of Pearl Harbor. Now the US declared war on Japan and, when Germany in solidarity with its Axis partner in the Far East, declared war on the US, Britain found itself with another mighty partner in its war effort. It was a huge turnaround for Britain. Obtained not though its own efforts, though Churchill had done all he could to persuade the US into the fighting, but through the errors of its enemies. A failing with plenty of precedents in history… Illustration: Contemporary photo of the attack on Pear Harbo. Public Domain. Music: Bach Partita #2c by J Bu licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives (aka Music Sharing) 3.0 International License

Good evening and a huge welcome back to the show, I hope you've had a great day and you're ready to kick back and relax with another episode of Brett's old time radio show. Hello, I'm Brett your host for this evening and welcome to my home in beautiful Lyme Bay where it's lovely December night. I hope it's just as nice where you are. You'll find all of my links at www.linktr.ee/brettsoldtimeradioshow A huge thankyou for joining me once again for our regular late night visit to those dusty studio archives of Old Time radio shows right here at my home in the united kingdom. Don't forget I have an instagram page and youtube channel both called brett's old time radio show and I'd love it if you could follow me. Feel free to send me some feedback on this and the other shows if you get a moment, brett@tourdate.co.uk #sleep #insomnia #relax #chill #night #nighttime #bed #bedtime #oldtimeradio #drama #comedy #radio #talkradio #hancock #tonyhancock #hancockshalfhour #sherlock #sherlockholmes #radiodrama #popular #viral #viralpodcast #podcast #podcasting #podcasts #podtok #podcastclip #podcastclips #podcasttrailer #podcastteaser #newpodcastepisode #newpodcast #videopodcast #upcomingpodcast #audiogram #audiograms #truecrimepodcast #historypodcast #truecrime #podcaster #viral #popular #viralpodcast #number1 #instagram #youtube #facebook #johnnydollar #crime #fiction #unwind #devon #texas #texasranger #beer #seaton #seaside  #smuggler #colyton #devon #seaton #beer #branscombe #lymebay #lymeregis #brett #brettorchard #orchard #greatdetectives #greatdetectivesofoldtimeradio #detectives #johnnydollar #thesaint #steptoe #texasrangers     The Man Called X An espionage radio drama that aired on CBS and NBC from July 10, 1944, to May 20, 1952. The radio series was later adapted for television and was broadcast for one season, 1956–1957. People Herbert Marshall had the lead role of agent Ken Thurston/"Mr. X", an American intelligence agent who took on dangerous cases in a variety of exotic locations. Leon Belasco played Mr. X's comedic sidekick, Pegon Zellschmidt, who always turned up in remote parts of the world because he had a "cousin" there. Zellschmidt annoyed and helped Mr. X. Jack Latham was an announcer for the program, and Wendell Niles was the announcer from 1947 to 1948. Orchestras led by Milton Charles, Johnny Green, Felix Mills, and Gordon Jenkins supplied the background music. William N. Robson was the producer and director. Stephen Longstreet was the writer. Production The Man Called X replaced America — Ceiling Unlimited on the CBS schedule. Television The series was later adapted to a 39-episode syndicated television series (1956–1957) starring Barry Sullivan as Thurston for Ziv Television. Episodes Season 1 (1956) 1 1 "For External Use Only" Eddie Davis Story by : Ladislas Farago Teleplay by : Stuart Jerome, Harold Swanton, and William P. Templeton January 27, 1956 2 2 "Ballerina Story" Eddie Davis Leonard Heideman February 3, 1956 3 3 "Extradition" Eddie Davis Ellis Marcus February 10, 1956 4 4 "Assassination" William Castle Stuart Jerome February 17, 1956 5 5 "Truth Serum" Eddie Davis Harold Swanton February 24, 1956 6 6 "Afghanistan" Eddie Davis Leonard Heidman March 2, 1956 7 7 "Embassy" Herbert L. Strock Laurence Heath and Jack Rock March 9, 1956 8 8 "Dangerous" Eddie Davis George Callahan March 16, 1956 9 9 "Provocateur" Eddie Davis Arthur Weiss March 23, 1956 10 10 "Local Hero" Leon Benson Ellis Marcus March 30, 1956 11 11 "Maps" Eddie Davis Jack Rock May 4, 1956 12 12 "U.S. Planes" Eddie Davis William L. Stuart April 13, 1956 13 13 "Acoustics" Eddie Davis Orville H. Hampton April 20, 1956 14 14 "The General" Eddie Davis Leonard Heideman April 27, 1956 Season 2 (1956–1957) 15 1 "Missing Plates" Eddie Davis Jack Rock September 27, 1956 16 2 "Enemy Agent" Eddie Davis Teleplay by : Gene Levitt October 4, 1956 17 3 "Gold" Eddie Davis Jack Laird October 11, 1956 18 4 "Operation Janus" Eddie Davis Teleplay by : Jack Rock and Art Wallace October 18, 1956 19 5 "Staff Headquarters" Eddie Davis Leonard Heideman October 25, 1956 20 6 "Underground" Eddie Davis William L. Stuart November 1, 1956 21 7 "Spare Parts" Eddie Davis Jack Laird November 8, 1956 22 8 "Fallout" Eddie Davis Teleplay by : Arthur Weiss November 15, 1956 23 9 "Speech" Eddie Davis Teleplay by : Ande Lamb November 22, 1956 24 10 "Ship Sabotage" Eddie Davis Jack Rock November 29, 1956 25 11 "Rendezvous" Eddie Davis Ellis Marcus December 5, 1956 26 12 "Switzerland" Eddie Davis Leonard Heideman December 12, 1956 27 13 "Voice On Tape" Eddie Davis Teleplay by : Leonard Heideman December 19, 1956 28 14 "Code W" Eddie Davis Arthur Weiss December 26, 1956 29 15 "Gas Masks" Eddie Davis Teleplay by : Jack Rock January 3, 1957 30 16 "Murder" Eddie Davis Lee Berg January 10, 1957 31 17 "Train Blow-Up" Eddie Davis Ellis Marcus February 6, 1957 32 18 "Powder Keg" Jack Herzberg Les Crutchfield and Jack Rock February 13, 1957 33 19 "Passport" Eddie Davis Norman Jolley February 20, 1957 34 20 "Forged Documents" Eddie Davis Charles Mergendahl February 27, 1957 35 21 "Australia" Lambert Hill Jack Rock March 6, 1957 36 22 "Radio" Eddie Davis George Callahan March 13, 1957 37 23 "Business Empire" Leslie Goodwins Herbert Purdum and Jack Rock March 20, 1957 38 24 "Hungary" Eddie Davis Fritz Blocki and George Callahan March 27, 1957 39 25 "Kidnap" Eddie Davis George Callahan April 4, 1957 sleep insomnia relax chill night nightime bed bedtime oldtimeradio drama comedy radio talkradio hancock tonyhancock hancockshalfhour sherlock sherlockholmes radiodrama popular viral viralpodcast podcast brett brettorchard orchard east devon seaton beer lyme regis village condado de alhama spain murcia     The Golden Age of Radio Also known as the old-time radio (OTR) era, was an era of radio in the United States where it was the dominant electronic home entertainment medium. It began with the birth of commercial radio broadcasting in the early 1920s and lasted through the 1950s, when television gradually superseded radio as the medium of choice for scripted programming, variety and dramatic shows. Radio was the first broadcast medium, and during this period people regularly tuned in to their favourite radio programs, and families gathered to listen to the home radio in the evening. According to a 1947 C. E. Hooper survey, 82 out of 100 Americans were found to be radio listeners. A variety of new entertainment formats and genres were created for the new medium, many of which later migrated to television: radio plays, mystery serials, soap operas, quiz shows, talent shows, daytime and evening variety hours, situation comedies, play-by-play sports, children's shows, cooking shows, and more. In the 1950s, television surpassed radio as the most popular broadcast medium, and commercial radio programming shifted to narrower formats of news, talk, sports and music. Religious broadcasters, listener-supported public radio and college stations provide their own distinctive formats. Origins A family listening to the first broadcasts around 1920 with a crystal radio. The crystal radio, a legacy from the pre-broadcast era, could not power a loudspeaker so the family must share earphones During the first three decades of radio, from 1887 to about 1920, the technology of transmitting sound was undeveloped; the information-carrying ability of radio waves was the same as a telegraph; the radio signal could be either on or off. Radio communication was by wireless telegraphy; at the sending end, an operator tapped on a switch which caused the radio transmitter to produce a series of pulses of radio waves which spelled out text messages in Morse code. At the receiver these sounded like beeps, requiring an operator who knew Morse code to translate them back to text. This type of radio was used exclusively for person-to-person text communication for commercial, diplomatic and military purposes and hobbyists; broadcasting did not exist. The broadcasts of live drama, comedy, music and news that characterize the Golden Age of Radio had a precedent in the Théâtrophone, commercially introduced in Paris in 1890 and available as late as 1932. It allowed subscribers to eavesdrop on live stage performances and hear news reports by means of a network of telephone lines. The development of radio eliminated the wires and subscription charges from this concept. Between 1900 and 1920 the first technology for transmitting sound by radio was developed, AM (amplitude modulation), and AM broadcasting sprang up around 1920. On Christmas Eve 1906, Reginald Fessenden is said to have broadcast the first radio program, consisting of some violin playing and passages from the Bible. While Fessenden's role as an inventor and early radio experimenter is not in dispute, several contemporary radio researchers have questioned whether the Christmas Eve broadcast took place, or whether the date was, in fact, several weeks earlier. The first apparent published reference to the event was made in 1928 by H. P. Davis, Vice President of Westinghouse, in a lecture given at Harvard University. In 1932 Fessenden cited the Christmas Eve 1906 broadcast event in a letter he wrote to Vice President S. M. Kinter of Westinghouse. Fessenden's wife Helen recounts the broadcast in her book Fessenden: Builder of Tomorrows (1940), eight years after Fessenden's death. The issue of whether the 1906 Fessenden broadcast actually happened is discussed in Donna Halper's article "In Search of the Truth About Fessenden"[2] and also in James O'Neal's essays.[3][4] An annotated argument supporting Fessenden as the world's first radio broadcaster was offered in 2006 by Dr. John S. Belrose, Radioscientist Emeritus at the Communications Research Centre Canada, in his essay "Fessenden's 1906 Christmas Eve broadcast." It was not until after the Titanic catastrophe in 1912 that radio for mass communication came into vogue, inspired first by the work of amateur ("ham") radio operators. Radio was especially important during World War I as it was vital for air and naval operations. World War I brought about major developments in radio, superseding the Morse code of the wireless telegraph with the vocal communication of the wireless telephone, through advancements in vacuum tube technology and the introduction of the transceiver. After the war, numerous radio stations were born in the United States and set the standard for later radio programs. The first radio news program was broadcast on August 31, 1920, on the station 8MK in Detroit; owned by The Detroit News, the station covered local election results. This was followed in 1920 with the first commercial radio station in the United States, KDKA, being established in Pittsburgh. The first regular entertainment programs were broadcast in 1922, and on March 10, Variety carried the front-page headline: "Radio Sweeping Country: 1,000,000 Sets in Use." A highlight of this time was the first Rose Bowl being broadcast on January 1, 1923, on the Los Angeles station KHJ. Growth of radio Broadcast radio in the United States underwent a period of rapid change through the decade of the 1920s. Technology advances, better regulation, rapid consumer adoption, and the creation of broadcast networks transformed radio from a consumer curiosity into the mass media powerhouse that defined the Golden Age of Radio. Consumer adoption Through the decade of the 1920s, the purchase of radios by United States homes continued, and accelerated. The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) released figures in 1925 stating that 19% of United States homes owned a radio. The triode and regenerative circuit made amplified, vacuum tube radios widely available to consumers by the second half of the 1920s. The advantage was obvious: several people at once in a home could now easily listen to their radio at the same time. In 1930, 40% of the nation's households owned a radio,[8] a figure that was much higher in suburban and large metropolitan areas. The superheterodyne receiver and other inventions refined radios even further in the next decade; even as the Great Depression ravaged the country in the 1930s, radio would stay at the centre of American life. 83% of American homes would own a radio by 1940. Government regulation Although radio was well established with United States consumers by the mid-1920s, regulation of the broadcast medium presented its own challenges. Until 1926, broadcast radio power and frequency use was regulated by the U.S. Department of Commerce, until a legal challenge rendered the agency powerless to do so. Congress responded by enacting the Radio Act of 1927, which included the formation of the Federal Radio Commission (FRC). One of the FRC's most important early actions was the adoption of General Order 40, which divided stations on the AM band into three power level categories, which became known as Local, Regional, and Clear Channel, and reorganized station assignments. Based on this plan, effective 3:00 a.m. Eastern time on November 11, 1928, most of the country's stations were assigned to new transmitting frequencies. Broadcast networks The final element needed to make the Golden Age of Radio possible focused on the question of distribution: the ability for multiple radio stations to simultaneously broadcast the same content, and this would be solved with the concept of a radio network. The earliest radio programs of the 1920s were largely unsponsored; radio stations were a service designed to sell radio receivers. In early 1922, American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) announced the beginning of advertisement-supported broadcasting on its owned stations, and plans for the development of the first radio network using its telephone lines to transmit the content. In July 1926, AT&T abruptly decided to exit the broadcasting field, and signed an agreement to sell its entire network operations to a group headed by RCA, which used the assets to form the National Broadcasting Company. Four radio networks had formed by 1934. These were: National Broadcasting Company Red Network (NBC Red), launched November 15, 1926. Originally founded as the National Broadcasting Company in late 1926, the company was almost immediately forced to split under antitrust laws to form NBC Red and NBC Blue. When, in 1942, NBC Blue was sold and renamed the Blue Network, this network would go back to calling itself simply the National Broadcasting Company Radio Network (NBC). National Broadcasting Company Blue Network (NBC Blue); launched January 10, 1927, split from NBC Red. NBC Blue was sold in 1942 and became the Blue Network, and it in turn transferred its assets to a new company, the American Broadcasting Company on June 15, 1945. That network identified itself as the American Broadcasting Company Radio Network (ABC). Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), launched September 18, 1927. After an initially struggling attempt to compete with the NBC networks, CBS gained new momentum when William S. Paley was installed as company president. Mutual Broadcasting System (Mutual), launched September 29, 1934. Mutual was initially run as a cooperative in which the flagship stations owned the network, not the other way around as was the case with the other three radio networks. Programming In the period before and after the advent of the broadcast network, new forms of entertainment needed to be created to fill the time of a station's broadcast day. Many of the formats born in this era continued into the television and digital eras. In the beginning of the Golden Age, network programs were almost exclusively broadcast live, as the national networks prohibited the airing of recorded programs until the late 1940s because of the inferior sound quality of phonograph discs, the only practical recording medium at that time. As a result, network prime-time shows would be performed twice, once for each coast. Rehearsal for the World War II radio show You Can't Do Business with Hitler with John Flynn and Virginia Moore. This series of programs, broadcast at least once weekly by more than 790 radio stations in the United States, was written and produced by the radio section of the Office of War Information (OWI). Live events Coverage of live events included musical concerts and play-by-play sports broadcasts. News The capability of the new medium to get information to people created the format of modern radio news: headlines, remote reporting, sidewalk interviews (such as Vox Pop), panel discussions, weather reports, and farm reports. The entry of radio into the realm of news triggered a feud between the radio and newspaper industries in the mid-1930s, eventually culminating in newspapers trumping up exaggerated [citation needed] reports of a mass hysteria from the (entirely fictional) radio presentation of The War of the Worlds, which had been presented as a faux newscast. Musical features The sponsored musical feature soon became one of the most popular program formats. Most early radio sponsorship came in the form of selling the naming rights to the program, as evidenced by such programs as The A&P Gypsies, Champion Spark Plug Hour, The Clicquot Club Eskimos, and King Biscuit Time; commercials, as they are known in the modern era, were still relatively uncommon and considered intrusive. During the 1930s and 1940s, the leading orchestras were heard often through big band remotes, and NBC's Monitor continued such remotes well into the 1950s by broadcasting live music from New York City jazz clubs to rural America. Singers such as Harriet Lee and Wendell Hall became popular fixtures on network radio beginning in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Local stations often had staff organists such as Jesse Crawford playing popular tunes. Classical music programs on the air included The Voice of Firestone and The Bell Telephone Hour. Texaco sponsored the Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts; the broadcasts, now sponsored by the Toll Brothers, continue to this day around the world, and are one of the few examples of live classical music still broadcast on radio. One of the most notable of all classical music radio programs of the Golden Age of Radio featured the celebrated Italian conductor Arturo Toscanini conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra, which had been created especially for him. At that time, nearly all classical musicians and critics considered Toscanini the greatest living maestro. Popular songwriters such as George Gershwin were also featured on radio. (Gershwin, in addition to frequent appearances as a guest, had his own program in 1934.) The New York Philharmonic also had weekly concerts on radio. There was no dedicated classical music radio station like NPR at that time, so classical music programs had to share the network they were broadcast on with more popular ones, much as in the days of television before the creation of NET and PBS. Country music also enjoyed popularity. National Barn Dance, begun on Chicago's WLS in 1924, was picked up by NBC Radio in 1933. In 1925, WSM Barn Dance went on the air from Nashville. It was renamed the Grand Ole Opry in 1927 and NBC carried portions from 1944 to 1956. NBC also aired The Red Foley Show from 1951 to 1961, and ABC Radio carried Ozark Jubilee from 1953 to 1961. Comedy Radio attracted top comedy talents from vaudeville and Hollywood for many years: Bing Crosby, Abbott and Costello, Fred Allen, Jack Benny, Victor Borge, Fanny Brice, Billie Burke, Bob Burns, Judy Canova, Eddie Cantor, Jimmy Durante, Burns and Allen, Phil Harris, Edgar Bergen, Bob Hope, Groucho Marx, Jean Shepherd, Red Skelton and Ed Wynn. Situational comedies also gained popularity, such as Amos 'n' Andy, Easy Aces, Ethel and Albert, Fibber McGee and Molly, The Goldbergs, The Great Gildersleeve, The Halls of Ivy (which featured screen star Ronald Colman and his wife Benita Hume), Meet Corliss Archer, Meet Millie, and Our Miss Brooks. Radio comedy ran the gamut from the small town humor of Lum and Abner, Herb Shriner and Minnie Pearl to the dialect characterizations of Mel Blanc and the caustic sarcasm of Henry Morgan. Gags galore were delivered weekly on Stop Me If You've Heard This One and Can You Top This?,[18] panel programs devoted to the art of telling jokes. Quiz shows were lampooned on It Pays to Be Ignorant, and other memorable parodies were presented by such satirists as Spike Jones, Stoopnagle and Budd, Stan Freberg and Bob and Ray. British comedy reached American shores in a major assault when NBC carried The Goon Show in the mid-1950s. Some shows originated as stage productions: Clifford Goldsmith's play What a Life was reworked into NBC's popular, long-running The Aldrich Family (1939–1953) with the familiar catchphrases "Henry! Henry Aldrich!," followed by Henry's answer, "Coming, Mother!" Moss Hart and George S. Kaufman's Pulitzer Prize-winning Broadway hit, You Can't Take It with You (1936), became a weekly situation comedy heard on Mutual (1944) with Everett Sloane and later on NBC (1951) with Walter Brennan. Other shows were adapted from comic strips, such as Blondie, Dick Tracy, Gasoline Alley, The Gumps, Li'l Abner, Little Orphan Annie, Popeye the Sailor, Red Ryder, Reg'lar Fellers, Terry and the Pirates and Tillie the Toiler. Bob Montana's redheaded teen of comic strips and comic books was heard on radio's Archie Andrews from 1943 to 1953. The Timid Soul was a 1941–1942 comedy based on cartoonist H. T. Webster's famed Caspar Milquetoast character, and Robert L. Ripley's Believe It or Not! was adapted to several different radio formats during the 1930s and 1940s. Conversely, some radio shows gave rise to spinoff comic strips, such as My Friend Irma starring Marie Wilson. Soap operas The first program generally considered to be a daytime serial drama by scholars of the genre is Painted Dreams, which premiered on WGN on October 20, 1930. The first networked daytime serial is Clara, Lu, 'n Em, which started in a daytime time slot on February 15, 1932. As daytime serials became popular in the early 1930s, they became known as soap operas because many were sponsored by soap products and detergents. On November 25, 1960, the last four daytime radio dramas—Young Dr. Malone, Right to Happiness, The Second Mrs. Burton and Ma Perkins, all broadcast on the CBS Radio Network—were brought to an end. Children's programming The line-up of late afternoon adventure serials included Bobby Benson and the B-Bar-B Riders, The Cisco Kid, Jack Armstrong, the All-American Boy, Captain Midnight, and The Tom Mix Ralston Straight Shooters. Badges, rings, decoding devices and other radio premiums offered on these adventure shows were often allied with a sponsor's product, requiring the young listeners to mail in a boxtop from a breakfast cereal or other proof of purchase. Radio plays Radio plays were presented on such programs as 26 by Corwin, NBC Short Story, Arch Oboler's Plays, Quiet, Please, and CBS Radio Workshop. Orson Welles's The Mercury Theatre on the Air and The Campbell Playhouse were considered by many critics to be the finest radio drama anthologies ever presented. They usually starred Welles in the leading role, along with celebrity guest stars such as Margaret Sullavan or Helen Hayes, in adaptations from literature, Broadway, and/or films. They included such titles as Liliom, Oliver Twist (a title now feared lost), A Tale of Two Cities, Lost Horizon, and The Murder of Roger Ackroyd. It was on Mercury Theatre that Welles presented his celebrated-but-infamous 1938 adaptation of H. G. Wells's The War of the Worlds, formatted to sound like a breaking news program. Theatre Guild on the Air presented adaptations of classical and Broadway plays. Their Shakespeare adaptations included a one-hour Macbeth starring Maurice Evans and Judith Anderson, and a 90-minute Hamlet, starring John Gielgud.[22] Recordings of many of these programs survive. During the 1940s, Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, famous for playing Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson in films, repeated their characterizations on radio on The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, which featured both original stories and episodes directly adapted from Arthur Conan Doyle's stories. None of the episodes in which Rathbone and Bruce starred on the radio program were filmed with the two actors as Holmes and Watson, so radio became the only medium in which audiences were able to experience Rathbone and Bruce appearing in some of the more famous Holmes stories, such as "The Speckled Band". There were also many dramatizations of Sherlock Holmes stories on radio without Rathbone and Bruce. During the latter part of his career, celebrated actor John Barrymore starred in a radio program, Streamlined Shakespeare, which featured him in a series of one-hour adaptations of Shakespeare plays, many of which Barrymore never appeared in either on stage or in films, such as Twelfth Night (in which he played both Malvolio and Sir Toby Belch), and Macbeth. Lux Radio Theatre and The Screen Guild Theater presented adaptations of Hollywood movies, performed before a live audience, usually with cast members from the original films. Suspense, Escape, The Mysterious Traveler and Inner Sanctum Mystery were popular thriller anthology series. Leading writers who created original material for radio included Norman Corwin, Carlton E. Morse, David Goodis, Archibald MacLeish, Arthur Miller, Arch Oboler, Wyllis Cooper, Rod Serling, Jay Bennett, and Irwin Shaw. Game shows Game shows saw their beginnings in radio. One of the first was Information Please in 1938, and one of the first major successes was Dr. I.Q. in 1939. Winner Take All, which premiered in 1946, was the first to use lockout devices and feature returning champions. A relative of the game show, which would be called the giveaway show in contemporary media, typically involved giving sponsored products to studio audience members, people randomly called by telephone, or both. An early example of this show was the 1939 show Pot o' Gold, but the breakout hit of this type was ABC's Stop the Music in 1948. Winning a prize generally required knowledge of what was being aired on the show at that moment, which led to criticism of the giveaway show as a form of "buying an audience". Giveaway shows were extremely popular through 1948 and 1949. They were often panned as low-brow, and an unsuccessful attempt was even made by the FCC to ban them (as an illegal lottery) in August 1949.[23] Broadcast production methods The RCA Type 44-BX microphone had two live faces and two dead ones. Thus actors could face each other and react. An actor could give the effect of leaving the room by simply moving their head toward the dead face of the microphone. The scripts were paper-clipped together. It has been disputed whether or not actors and actresses would drop finished pages to the carpeted floor after use. Radio stations Despite a general ban on use of recordings on broadcasts by radio networks through the late 1940s, "reference recordings" on phonograph disc were made of many programs as they were being broadcast, for review by the sponsor and for the network's own archival purposes. With the development of high-fidelity magnetic wire and tape recording in the years following World War II, the networks became more open to airing recorded programs and the prerecording of shows became more common. Local stations, however, had always been free to use recordings and sometimes made substantial use of pre-recorded syndicated programs distributed on pressed (as opposed to individually recorded) transcription discs. Recording was done using a cutting lathe and acetate discs. Programs were normally recorded at 331⁄3 rpm on 16 inch discs, the standard format used for such "electrical transcriptions" from the early 1930s through the 1950s. Sometimes, the groove was cut starting at the inside of the disc and running to the outside. This was useful when the program to be recorded was longer than 15 minutes so required more than one disc side. By recording the first side outside in, the second inside out, and so on, the sound quality at the disc change-over points would match and result in a more seamless playback. An inside start also had the advantage that the thread of material cut from the disc's surface, which had to be kept out of the path of the cutting stylus, was naturally thrown toward the centre of the disc so was automatically out of the way. When cutting an outside start disc, a brush could be used to keep it out of the way by sweeping it toward the middle of the disc. Well-equipped recording lathes used the vacuum from a water aspirator to pick it up as it was cut and deposit it in a water-filled bottle. In addition to convenience, this served a safety purpose, as the cellulose nitrate thread was highly flammable and a loose accumulation of it combusted violently if ignited. Most recordings of radio broadcasts were made at a radio network's studios, or at the facilities of a network-owned or affiliated station, which might have four or more lathes. A small local station often had none. Two lathes were required to capture a program longer than 15 minutes without losing parts of it while discs were flipped over or changed, along with a trained technician to operate them and monitor the recording while it was being made. However, some surviving recordings were produced by local stations. When a substantial number of copies of an electrical transcription were required, as for the distribution of a syndicated program, they were produced by the same process used to make ordinary records. A master recording was cut, then electroplated to produce a stamper from which pressings in vinyl (or, in the case of transcription discs pressed before about 1935, shellac) were moulded in a record press. Armed Forces Radio Service Frank Sinatra and Alida Valli converse over Armed Forces Radio Service during World War II The Armed Forces Radio Service (AFRS) had its origins in the U.S. War Department's quest to improve troop morale. This quest began with short-wave broadcasts of educational and information programs to troops in 1940. In 1941, the War Department began issuing "Buddy Kits" (B-Kits) to departing troops, which consisted of radios, 78 rpm records and electrical transcription discs of radio shows. However, with the entrance of the United States into World War II, the War Department decided that it needed to improve the quality and quantity of its offerings. This began with the broadcasting of its own original variety programs. Command Performance was the first of these, produced for the first time on March 1, 1942. On May 26, 1942, the Armed Forces Radio Service was formally established. Originally, its programming comprised network radio shows with the commercials removed. However, it soon began producing original programming, such as Mail Call, G.I. Journal, Jubilee and GI Jive. At its peak in 1945, the Service produced around 20 hours of original programming each week. From 1943 until 1949 the AFRS also broadcast programs developed through the collaborative efforts of the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs and the Columbia Broadcasting System in support of America's cultural diplomacy initiatives and President Franklin Roosevelt's Good Neighbour policy. Included among the popular shows was Viva America which showcased leading musical artists from both North and South America for the entertainment of America's troops. Included among the regular performers were: Alfredo Antonini, Juan Arvizu, Nestor Mesta Chayres, Kate Smith,[26] and John Serry Sr. After the war, the AFRS continued providing programming to troops in Europe. During the 1950s and early 1960s it presented performances by the Army's only symphonic orchestra ensemble—the Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra. It also provided programming for future wars that the United States was involved in. It survives today as a component of the American Forces Network (AFN). All of the shows aired by the AFRS during the Golden Age were recorded as electrical transcription discs, vinyl copies of which were shipped to stations overseas to be broadcast to the troops. People in the United States rarely ever heard programming from the AFRS,[31] though AFRS recordings of Golden Age network shows were occasionally broadcast on some domestic stations beginning in the 1950s. In some cases, the AFRS disc is the only surviving recording of a program. Home radio recordings in the United States There was some home recording of radio broadcasts in the 1930s and 1940s. Examples from as early as 1930 have been documented. During these years, home recordings were made with disc recorders, most of which were only capable of storing about four minutes of a radio program on each side of a twelve-inch 78 rpm record. Most home recordings were made on even shorter-playing ten-inch or smaller discs. Some home disc recorders offered the option of the 331⁄3 rpm speed used for electrical transcriptions, allowing a recording more than twice as long to be made, although with reduced audio quality. Office dictation equipment was sometimes pressed into service for making recordings of radio broadcasts, but the audio quality of these devices was poor and the resulting recordings were in odd formats that had to be played back on similar equipment. Due to the expense of recorders and the limitations of the recording media, home recording of broadcasts was not common during this period and it was usually limited to brief excerpts. The lack of suitable home recording equipment was somewhat relieved in 1947 with the availability of magnetic wire recorders for domestic use. These were capable of recording an hour-long broadcast on a single small spool of wire, and if a high-quality radio's audio output was recorded directly, rather than by holding a microphone up to its speaker, the recorded sound quality was very good. However, because the wire cost money and, like magnetic tape, could be repeatedly re-used to make new recordings, only a few complete broadcasts appear to have survived on this medium. In fact, there was little home recording of complete radio programs until the early 1950s, when increasingly affordable reel-to-reel tape recorders for home use were introduced to the market. Recording media Electrical transcription discs     The War of the Worlds radio broadcast by Orson Welles on electrical transcription disc Before the early 1950s, when radio networks and local stations wanted to preserve a live broadcast, they did so by means of special phonograph records known as "electrical transcriptions" (ETs), made by cutting a sound-modulated groove into a blank disc. At first, in the early 1930s, the blanks varied in both size and composition, but most often they were simply bare aluminum and the groove was indented rather than cut. Typically, these very early recordings were not made by the network or radio station, but by a private recording service contracted by the broadcast sponsor or one of the performers. The bare aluminum discs were typically 10 or 12 inches in diameter and recorded at the then-standard speed of 78 rpm, which meant that several disc sides were required to accommodate even a 15-minute program. By about 1936, 16-inch aluminum-based discs coated with cellulose nitrate lacquer, commonly known as acetates and recorded at a speed of 331⁄3 rpm, had been adopted by the networks and individual radio stations as the standard medium for recording broadcasts. The making of such recordings, at least for some purposes, then became routine. Some discs were recorded using a "hill and dale" vertically modulated groove, rather than the "lateral" side-to-side modulation found on the records being made for home use at that time. The large slow-speed discs could easily contain fifteen minutes on each side, allowing an hour-long program to be recorded on only two discs. The lacquer was softer than shellac or vinyl and wore more rapidly, allowing only a few playbacks with the heavy pickups and steel needles then in use before deterioration became audible. During World War II, aluminum became a necessary material for the war effort and was in short supply. This caused an alternative to be sought for the base on which to coat the lacquer. Glass, despite its obvious disadvantage of fragility, had occasionally been used in earlier years because it could provide a perfectly smooth and even supporting surface for mastering and other critical applications. Glass base recording blanks came into general use for the duration of the war. Magnetic wire recording In the late 1940s, wire recorders became a readily obtainable means of recording radio programs. On a per-minute basis, it was less expensive to record a broadcast on wire than on discs. The one-hour program that required the four sides of two 16-inch discs could be recorded intact on a single spool of wire less than three inches in diameter and about half an inch thick. The audio fidelity of a good wire recording was comparable to acetate discs and by comparison the wire was practically indestructible, but it was soon rendered obsolete by the more manageable and easily edited medium of magnetic tape. Reel-to-reel tape recording Bing Crosby became the first major proponent of magnetic tape recording for radio, and he was the first to use it on network radio, after he did a demonstration program in 1947. Tape had several advantages over earlier recording methods. Running at a sufficiently high speed, it could achieve higher fidelity than both electrical transcription discs and magnetic wire. Discs could be edited only by copying parts of them to a new disc, and the copying entailed a loss of audio quality. Wire could be divided up and the ends spliced together by knotting, but wire was difficult to handle and the crude splices were too noticeable. Tape could be edited by cutting it with a blade and neatly joining ends together with adhesive tape. By early 1949, the transition from live performances preserved on discs to performances pre-recorded on magnetic tape for later broadcast was complete for network radio programs. However, for the physical distribution of pre-recorded programming to individual stations, 16-inch 331⁄3 rpm vinyl pressings, less expensive to produce in quantities of identical copies than tapes, continued to be standard throughout the 1950s. Availability of recordings The great majority of pre-World War II live radio broadcasts are lost. Many were never recorded; few recordings antedate the early 1930s. Beginning then several of the longer-running radio dramas have their archives complete or nearly complete. The earlier the date, the less likely it is that a recording survives. However, a good number of syndicated programs from this period have survived because copies were distributed far and wide. Recordings of live network broadcasts from the World War II years were preserved in the form of pressed vinyl copies issued by the Armed Forces Radio Service (AFRS) and survive in relative abundance. Syndicated programs from World War II and later years have nearly all survived. The survival of network programming from this time frame is more inconsistent; the networks started prerecording their formerly live shows on magnetic tape for subsequent network broadcast, but did not physically distribute copies, and the expensive tapes, unlike electrical transcription ("ET") discs, could be "wiped" and re-used (especially since, in the age of emerging trends such as television and music radio, such recordings were believed to have virtually no rerun or resale value). Thus, while some prime time network radio series from this era exist in full or almost in full, especially the most famous and longest-lived of them, less prominent or shorter-lived series (such as serials) may have only a handful of extant episodes. Airchecks, off-the-air recordings of complete shows made by, or at the behest of, individuals for their own private use, sometimes help to fill in such gaps. The contents of privately made recordings of live broadcasts from the first half of the 1930s can be of particular interest, as little live material from that period survives. Unfortunately, the sound quality of very early private recordings is often very poor, although in some cases this is largely due to the use of an incorrect playback stylus, which can also badly damage some unusual types of discs. Most of the Golden Age programs in circulation among collectors—whether on analogue tape, CD, or in the form of MP3s—originated from analogue 16-inch transcription disc, although some are off-the-air AM recordings. But in many cases, the circulating recordings are corrupted (decreased in quality), because lossless digital recording for the home market did not come until the very end of the twentieth century. Collectors made and shared recordings on analogue magnetic tapes, the only practical, relatively inexpensive medium, first on reels, then cassettes. "Sharing" usually meant making a duplicate tape. They connected two recorders, playing on one and recording on the other. Analog recordings are never perfect, and copying an analogue recording multiplies the imperfections. With the oldest recordings this can even mean it went out the speaker of one machine and in via the microphone of the other. The muffled sound, dropouts, sudden changes in sound quality, unsteady pitch, and other defects heard all too often are almost always accumulated tape copy defects. In addition, magnetic recordings, unless preserved archivally, are gradually damaged by the Earth's magnetic field. The audio quality of the source discs, when they have survived unscathed and are accessed and dubbed anew, is usually found to be reasonably clear and undistorted, sometimes startlingly good, although like all phonograph records they are vulnerable to wear and the effects of scuffs, scratches, and ground-in dust. Many shows from the 1940s have survived only in edited AFRS versions, although some exist in both the original and AFRS forms. As of 2020, the Old Time Radio collection at the Internet Archive contains 5,121 recordings. An active group of collectors makes digitally available, via CD or download, large collections of programs. RadioEchoes.com offers 98,949 episodes in their collection, but not all is old-time radio. Copyright status Unlike film, television, and print items from the era, the copyright status of most recordings from the Golden Age of Radio is unclear. This is because, prior to 1972, the United States delegated the copyrighting of sound recordings to the individual states, many of which offered more generous common law copyright protections than the federal government offered for other media (some offered perpetual copyright, which has since been abolished; under the Music Modernization Act of September 2018, any sound recording 95 years old or older will be thrust into the public domain regardless of state law). The only exceptions are AFRS original productions, which are considered work of the United States government and thus both ineligible for federal copyright and outside the jurisdiction of any state; these programs are firmly in the public domain (this does not apply to programs carried by AFRS but produced by commercial networks). In practice, most old-time radio recordings are treated as orphan works: although there may still be a valid copyright on the program, it is seldom enforced. The copyright on an individual sound recording is distinct from the federal copyright for the underlying material (such as a published script, music, or in the case of adaptations, the original film or television material), and in many cases it is impossible to determine where or when the original recording was made or if the recording was copyrighted in that state. The U.S. Copyright Office states "there are a variety of legal regimes governing protection of pre-1972 sound recordings in the various states, and the scope of protection and of exceptions and limitations to that protection is unclear."[39] For example, New York has issued contradicting rulings on whether or not common law exists in that state; the most recent ruling, 2016's Flo & Eddie, Inc. v. Sirius XM Radio, holds that there is no such copyright in New York in regard to public performance.[40] Further complicating matters is that certain examples in case law have implied that radio broadcasts (and faithful reproductions thereof), because they were distributed freely to the public over the air, may not be eligible for copyright in and of themselves. The Internet Archive and other organizations that distribute public domain and open-source audio recordings maintain extensive archives of old-time radio programs. Legacy United States Some old-time radio shows continued on the air, although in ever-dwindling numbers, throughout the 1950s, even after their television equivalents had conquered the general public. One factor which helped to kill off old-time radio entirely was the evolution of popular music (including the development of rock and roll), which led to the birth of the top 40 radio format. A top 40 show could be produced in a small studio in a local station with minimal staff. This displaced full-service network radio and hastened the end of the golden-age era of radio drama by 1962. (Radio as a broadcast medium would survive, thanks in part to the proliferation of the transistor radio, and permanent installation in vehicles, making the medium far more portable than television). Full-service stations that did not adopt either top 40 or the mellower beautiful music or MOR formats eventually developed all-news radio in the mid-1960s. Scripted radio comedy and drama in the vein of old-time radio has a limited presence on U.S. radio. Several radio theatre series are still in production in the United States, usually airing on Sunday nights. These include original series such as Imagination Theatre and a radio adaptation of The Twilight Zone TV series, as well as rerun compilations such as the popular daily series When Radio Was and USA Radio Network's Golden Age of Radio Theatre, and weekly programs such as The Big Broadcast on WAMU, hosted by Murray Horwitz. These shows usually air in late nights and/or on weekends on small AM stations. Carl Amari's nationally syndicated radio show Hollywood 360 features 5 old-time radio episodes each week during his 5-hour broadcast. Amari's show is heard on 100+ radio stations coast-to-coast and in 168 countries on American Forces Radio. Local rerun compilations are also heard, primarily on public radio stations. Sirius XM Radio maintains a full-time Radio Classics channel devoted to rebroadcasts of vintage radio shows. Starting in 1974, Garrison Keillor, through his syndicated two-hour-long program A Prairie Home Companion, has provided a living museum of the production, tone and listener's experience of this era of radio for several generations after its demise. Produced live in theaters throughout the country, using the same sound effects and techniques of the era, it ran through 2016 with Keillor as host. The program included segments that were close renditions (in the form of parody) of specific genres of this era, including Westerns ("Dusty and Lefty, The Lives of the Cowboys"), detective procedurals ("Guy Noir, Private Eye") and even advertising through fictional commercials. Keillor also wrote a novel, WLT: A Radio Romance based on a radio station of this era—including a personally narrated version for the ultimate in verisimilitude. Upon Keillor's retirement, replacement host Chris Thile chose to reboot the show (since renamed Live from Here after the syndicator cut ties with Keillor) and eliminate much of the old-time radio trappings of the format; the show was ultimately canceled in 2020 due to financial and logistics problems. Vintage shows and new audio productions in America are accessible more widely from recordings or by satellite and web broadcasters, rather than over conventional AM and FM radio. The National Audio Theatre Festival is a national organization and yearly conference keeping the audio arts—especially audio drama—alive, and continues to involve long-time voice actors and OTR veterans in its ranks. Its predecessor, the Midwest Radio Theatre Workshop, was first hosted by Jim Jordan, of Fibber McGee and Molly fame, and Norman Corwin advised the organization. One of the longest running radio programs celebrating this era is The Golden Days of Radio, which was hosted on the Armed Forces Radio Service for more than 20 years and overall for more than 50 years by Frank Bresee, who also played "Little Beaver" on the Red Ryder program as a child actor. One of the very few still-running shows from the earlier era of radio is a Christian program entitled Unshackled! The weekly half-hour show, produced in Chicago by Pacific Garden Mission, has been continuously broadcast since 1950. The shows are created using techniques from the 1950s (including home-made sound effects) and are broadcast across the U.S. and around the world by thousands of radio stations. Today, radio performers of the past appear at conventions that feature re-creations of classic shows, as well as music, memorabilia and historical panels. The largest of these events was the Friends of Old Time Radio Convention, held in Newark, New Jersey, which held its final convention in October 2011 after 36 years. Others include REPS in Seattle (June), SPERDVAC in California, the Cincinnati OTR & Nostalgia Convention (April), and the Mid-Atlantic Nostalgia Convention (September). Veterans of the Friends of Old Time Radio Convention, including Chairperson Steven M. Lewis of The Gotham Radio Players, Maggie Thompson, publisher of the Comic Book Buyer's Guide, Craig Wichman of audio drama troupe Quicksilver Audio Theater and long-time FOTR Publicist Sean Dougherty have launched a successor event, Celebrating Audio Theater – Old & New, scheduled for October 12–13, 2012. Radio dramas from the golden age are sometimes recreated as live stage performances at such events. One such group, led by director Daniel Smith, has been performing re-creations of old-time radio dramas at Fairfield University's Regina A. Quick Center for the Arts since the year 2000. The 40th anniversary of what is widely considered the end of the old time radio era (the final broadcasts of Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar and Suspense on September 30, 1962) was marked with a commentary on NPR's All Things Considered. A handful of radio programs from the old-time era remain in production, all from the genres of news, music, or religious broadcasting: the Grand Ole Opry (1925), Music and the Spoken Word (1929), The Lutheran Hour (1930), the CBS World News Roundup (1938), King Biscuit Time (1941) and the Renfro Valley Gatherin' (1943). Of those, all but the Opry maintain their original short-form length of 30 minutes or less. The Wheeling Jamboree counts an earlier program on a competing station as part of its history, tracing its lineage back to 1933. Western revival/comedy act Riders in the Sky produced a radio serial Riders Radio Theatre in the 1980s and 1990s and continues to provide sketch comedy on existing radio programs including the Grand Ole Opry, Midnite Jamboree and WoodSongs Old-Time Radio Hour. Elsewhere Regular broadcasts of radio plays are also heard in—among other countries—Australia, Croatia, Estonia,[46] France, Germany, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, and Sweden. In the United Kingdom, such scripted radio drama continues on BBC Radio 3 and (principally) BBC Radio 4, the second-most popular radio station in the country, as well as on the rerun channel BBC Radio 4 Extra, which is the seventh-most popular station there. #starradio #totalstar #star1075 #heart #heartradio #lbc #bbc #bbcradio #bbcradio1 #bbcradio2 #bbcradio3 #bbcradio4 #radio4extra #absoluteradio #absolute #capital #capitalradio #greatesthitsradio #hitsradio #radio #adultcontemporary #spain #bristol #frenchay #colyton #lymeregis #seaton #beer #devon #eastdevon #brettorchard #brettsoldtimeradioshow #sundaynightmystery #lymebayradio fe2f4df62ffeeb8c30c04d3d3454779ca91a4871

Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day for January 11, 2025 is: cozen • KUZ-un • verb To cozen someone is to deceive, win over, or induce them to do something by coaxing or trickery. // The organization cozened scores of people by persuading them to participate in a fraudulent investment scheme. See the entry > Examples: “It's only office seekers with no real solutions who rely on cozening the voter.” — The News-Gazette (Lexington, Virginia), 21 June 2023 Did you know? Despite its resemblance to the adjective cozy, the verb cozen has nothing to do with being comfortable. Used in contexts relating to deception or inducement by clever coaxing or trickery, the word is believed to come ultimately from the Italian word for a horse trader, cozzone. Horse-trading, as in the actual swapping of horses, often involves bargaining and compromise—and, in fact, the term horse trade has come to refer to any shrewd negotiation, whether it involves equines or no. Horse traders have historically had a reputation for being less than completely transparent in negotiations, which explains the likely connection between cozzone and cozen's use in deceiving or winning someone to one's cause through trickery.

Joseph Carr, Founder of Josh Cellars, Introduces ItsFirst Ever Non-Alcoholic Selection – the Newest Edition to the Award-winning Portfolio Dry January is a relatively new and growing tradition post New Year's celebrations. Those who commit choose to take a break from drinking alcohol during the month of January - for reasons, such as health benefits, a desire to reset after the indulgence of the holiday season, or sometimes to simply challenge oneself. However, just because you've committed to a dryer Jan, that doesn't mean you have to lose all the fun when it comes to what you eat and drink. Joseph Carr, founder of Josh Cellars, America's #1 premium wine brand, will be sharing Dry January sips and pairing tips for the new year, including introducing the brand's first-ever non-alcoholic sparkling selection. Made in Italy in the heart of the Prosecco region by the brand's 5th generation Italian winemaking team, this new offering is the ideal beverage for everyday enjoyment and celebrations. Perfect for Dry January and beyond, learn and get tips on how to enjoy your favorite sips and cocktails, without the guilt.Joseph visits with Mark Alyn on this edition of Late Night Health.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/late-night-health-radio--2804369/support.