Podcasts about pneumococcal infections

In this episode, we will discuss the rationale behind the FDA approval of two new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV20 and PCV15), the characteristics of these vaccines, their place in therapy as recommended by the ACIP, and subsequent CDC immunization schedule changes. Key Concepts Pneumococcal disease is mainly caused by various serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae and presentation can vary from mild forms (sinusitis, otitis media) to more severe (pneumonia, bacteremia, or meningitis). Previously we used PCV13 and PPSV23 vaccines for adults ages 18 years and older for prevention of pneumococcal disease, but the recommendations were rather complicated based on age, underlying condition/immune status, and vaccination status.  Two new conjugate-type pneumococcal vaccines, PCV20 (Prevnar 20) and PCV15 (Vaxneuvance) are now approved by the FDA and were recently added to the CDC's adult immunization schedules. These updated recommendations are more simplified where adults with high-risk conditions and those ages 65 years and older should receive either 1 dose of PCV20 vaccine or 1 dose of PCV15 and then 1 dose of PPSV23 a year later to complete their pneumococcal vaccine series.   PCV15 is now FDA approved for children and updated recommendations for children have been voted upon by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and will be final once it is made official policy by the CDC. References and Resources Kobayashi M, Farrar JL, Gierke R, Britton A, Childs L, Leidner AJ, et al. Use of 15-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Among U.S. Adults: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2022. MMWR. 2022;71(4);109–117. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7104a1.htm?s_cid=mm7104a1_w Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. 14th ed. Hall E., Wodi A.P., Hamborsky J., et al., eds. Washington DC: Public Health Foundation; 2021. Goldblatt D, O'Brien KL. Pneumococcal Infections. In: Loscalzo J, Fauci A, Kasper D, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J. eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 21e. McGraw Hill; 2022. Accessed August 04, 2022. Wagner AL, Boulton ML. Pneumococcal Infections. In: Boulton ML, Wallace RB. eds. Maxcy-Rosenau-Last Public Health & Preventive Medicine, 16e. McGraw Hill; 2022. Accessed August 04, 2022. CDC's PneumoRecs VaxAdvisor mobile app: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/pneumo/hcp/pneumoapp.html CDC's Pneumococcal vaccine timing for adults: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/pneumo/downloads/pneumo-vaccine-timing.pdf

Over the past 30 years there has been a great advancement in how sickle cell disease is treated and managed. Go behind the scenes of The Children's Hospital in Philadelphia, one of ten specialist units in the United States dealing with sickle cell research and treatment.

Transcript -- Over the past 30 years there has been a great advancement in how sickle cell disease is treated and managed. Go behind the scenes of The Children's Hospital in Philadelphia, one of ten specialist units in the United States dealing with sickle cell research and treatment.

Over the past 30 years there has been a great advancement in how sickle cell disease is treated and managed. Go behind the scenes of The Children's Hospital in Philadelphia, one of ten specialist units in the United States dealing with sickle cell research and treatment.

Transcript -- Over the past 30 years there has been a great advancement in how sickle cell disease is treated and managed. Go behind the scenes of The Children's Hospital in Philadelphia, one of ten specialist units in the United States dealing with sickle cell research and treatment.

Objective: To assess whether the influenza peak in populations precedes the annual peak for invasive pneumococcal infections (IPI) in winter.Design: Ecological study. Active surveillance data on influenza A and IPI in children up to 16 years of age collected from 1997 to 2003 were analysed.Setting: Paediatric hospitals in Germany.Patients: Children under 16 years of age.Results: In all years under study, the influenza A season did not appear to affect the IPI season (p = 0.49). Specifically, the influenza peak never preceded the IPI peak.Conclusion: On a population level there was no indication that the annual influenza epidemic triggered the winter increase in the IPI rate or the peak of the IPI distribution in children.