Podcasts about mathematical department

Liliana de Luca Xavier Augusto is PhD student of chemical engineering at the Federal University of São Carlos in Brasil. She spent one year of her PhD (October 2015-2016) at the KIT in Karlsruhe to work with the group developing the software OpenLB at the Mathematical Department and the Department of Chemical Engineering. Liliana Augusto investigates filtering devices which work on a micro () and nano () level, and computes the pressure drop between in- and outlet of the filter as well as the collection efficiency. There is a research group conducting experimental setups for these problems, but her research group focuses specifically on mathematical modeling and computer simulation. Due to the small scale and nature of the experiments, one cannot easily take pictures from the physical filters by electronic microsopy, but it is indeed feasible to deduce some important characteristics and geometry such as the size of the fibres for proper modelling and simulation. Appropriate models for the small scale are mesoscopic like Lattice Boltzmann Model where microscopic models are very expensive- too expensive. She is busy with special boundary conditions necessary no-slip boundary condition on the macro scale has to be translated. There is a certain slip to be taken into account to align the results with experimental findings. Lattice Boltzman methods are not very prominent in Brasil. She was looking for suitable partners and found the development group around OpenLB who had co-operations with Brazil. She tried to apply the software on the problem, and she found out about the possibility to work in Germany through a program of the Brasilian government. It is not so common to go abroad as a PhD-student in Brazil. She learnt a lot not only in an academical manner but highly recommends going abroad to experience new cultures as well. She does not speak German- everything, from looking for partners to arriving in Germany, happened so fast that she could not learn the language beforehand. At the university, English was more than sufficient for scientific work, but she had difficulties finding a place to stay. In the end, she found a room in a student dorm with German students and a few other international students. References L.L.X. Augusto e.a.: CFD Simulation of nanofiber-enhanced air filter media - FILTECH 2015 - G6 - Modelling and simulation, 2015. L.L.X. Augusto e.a.: Predicting air flow resistance and capture efficiency of fibrous air filter media - Roomvent, 2014.

Liliana de Luca Xavier Augusto is PhD student of chemical engineering at the Federal University of São Carlos in Brasil. She spent one year of her PhD (October 2015-2016) at the KIT in Karlsruhe to work with the group developing the software OpenLB at the Mathematical Department and the Department of Chemical Engineering. Liliana Augusto investigates filtering devices which work on a micro () and nano () level, and computes the pressure drop between in- and outlet of the filter as well as the collection efficiency. There is a research group conducting experimental setups for these problems, but her research group focuses specifically on mathematical modeling and computer simulation. Due to the small scale and nature of the experiments, one cannot easily take pictures from the physical filters by electronic microsopy, but it is indeed feasible to deduce some important characteristics and geometry such as the size of the fibres for proper modelling and simulation. Appropriate models for the small scale are mesoscopic like Lattice Boltzmann Model where microscopic models are very expensive- too expensive. She is busy with special boundary conditions necessary no-slip boundary condition on the macro scale has to be translated. There is a certain slip to be taken into account to align the results with experimental findings. Lattice Boltzman methods are not very prominent in Brasil. She was looking for suitable partners and found the development group around OpenLB who had co-operations with Brazil. She tried to apply the software on the problem, and she found out about the possibility to work in Germany through a program of the Brasilian government. It is not so common to go abroad as a PhD-student in Brazil. She learnt a lot not only in an academical manner but highly recommends going abroad to experience new cultures as well. She does not speak German- everything, from looking for partners to arriving in Germany, happened so fast that she could not learn the language beforehand. At the university, English was more than sufficient for scientific work, but she had difficulties finding a place to stay. In the end, she found a room in a student dorm with German students and a few other international students. References L.L.X. Augusto e.a.: CFD Simulation of nanofiber-enhanced air filter media - FILTECH 2015 - G6 - Modelling and simulation, 2015. L.L.X. Augusto e.a.: Predicting air flow resistance and capture efficiency of fibrous air filter media - Roomvent, 2014.

How do populations evolve? This question inspired Alberto Saldaña to his PhD thesis on Partial symmetries of solutions to nonlinear elliptic and parabolic problems in bounded radial domains. He considered an extended Lotka-Volterra models which is describing the dynamics of two species such as wolves in a bounded radial domain: For each species, the model contains the diffusion of a individual beings, the birth rate , the saturation rate or concentration , and the aggressiveness rate . Starting from an initial condition, a distribution of and in the regarded domain, above equations with additional constraints for well-posedness will describe the future outcome. In the long run, this could either be co-existence, or extinction of one or both species. In case of co-existence, the question is how they will separate on the assumed radial bounded domain. For this, he adapted a moving plane method. On a bounded domain, the given boundary conditions are an important aspect for the mathematical model: In this setup, a homogeneous Neumann boundary condition can represent a fence, which no-one, or no wolve, can cross, wereas a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition assumes a lethal boundary, such as an electric fence or cliff, which sets the density of living, or surviving, individuals touching the boundary to zero. The initial conditions, that is the distribution of the wolf species, were quite general but assumed to be nearly reflectional symmetric. The analytical treatment of the system was less tedious in the case of Neumann boundary conditions due to reflection symmetry at the boundary, similar to the method of image charges in electrostatics. The case of Dirichlet boundary conditions needed more analytical results, such as the Serrin's boundary point lemma. It turned out, that asymtotically in both cases the two species will separate into two symmetric functions. Here, Saldaña introduced a new aspect to this problem: He let the birth rate, saturation rate and agressiveness rate vary in time. This time-dependence modelled seasons, such as wolves behaviour depends on food availability. The Lotka-Volterra model can also be adapted to a predator-prey setting or a cooperative setting, where the two species live symbiotically. In the latter case, there also is an asymptotical solution, in which the two species do not separate- they stay together. Alberto Saldaña startet his academic career in Mexico where he found his love for mathematical analysis. He then did his Ph.D. in Frankfurt, and now he is a Post-Doc in the Mathematical Department at the University of Brussels. Literature and additional material A. Saldaña, T. Weth: On the asymptotic shape of solutions to Neumann problems for non-cooperative parabolic systems, Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations,Volume 27, Issue 2, pp 307-332, 2015. A. Saldaña: Qualitative properties of coexistence and semi-trivial limit profiles of nonautonomous nonlinear parabolic Dirichlet systems, Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods and Applications, 130:31 46, 2016. A. Saldaña: Partial symmetries of solutions to nonlinear elliptic and parabolic problems in bounded radial domains, PhD thesis, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 2014. A. Saldaña, T. Weth: Asymptotic axial symmetry of solutions of parabolic equations in bounded radial domains, Journal of Evolution Equations 12.3: 697-712, 2012.

How do populations evolve? This question inspired Alberto Saldaña to his PhD thesis on Partial symmetries of solutions to nonlinear elliptic and parabolic problems in bounded radial domains. He considered an extended Lotka-Volterra models which is describing the dynamics of two species such as wolves in a bounded radial domain: For each species, the model contains the diffusion of a individual beings, the birth rate , the saturation rate or concentration , and the aggressiveness rate . Starting from an initial condition, a distribution of and in the regarded domain, above equations with additional constraints for well-posedness will describe the future outcome. In the long run, this could either be co-existence, or extinction of one or both species. In case of co-existence, the question is how they will separate on the assumed radial bounded domain. For this, he adapted a moving plane method. On a bounded domain, the given boundary conditions are an important aspect for the mathematical model: In this setup, a homogeneous Neumann boundary condition can represent a fence, which no-one, or no wolve, can cross, wereas a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition assumes a lethal boundary, such as an electric fence or cliff, which sets the density of living, or surviving, individuals touching the boundary to zero. The initial conditions, that is the distribution of the wolf species, were quite general but assumed to be nearly reflectional symmetric. The analytical treatment of the system was less tedious in the case of Neumann boundary conditions due to reflection symmetry at the boundary, similar to the method of image charges in electrostatics. The case of Dirichlet boundary conditions needed more analytical results, such as the Serrin's boundary point lemma. It turned out, that asymtotically in both cases the two species will separate into two symmetric functions. Here, Saldaña introduced a new aspect to this problem: He let the birth rate, saturation rate and agressiveness rate vary in time. This time-dependence modelled seasons, such as wolves behaviour depends on food availability. The Lotka-Volterra model can also be adapted to a predator-prey setting or a cooperative setting, where the two species live symbiotically. In the latter case, there also is an asymptotical solution, in which the two species do not separate- they stay together. Alberto Saldaña startet his academic career in Mexico where he found his love for mathematical analysis. He then did his Ph.D. in Frankfurt, and now he is a Post-Doc in the Mathematical Department at the University of Brussels. Literature and additional material A. Saldaña, T. Weth: On the asymptotic shape of solutions to Neumann problems for non-cooperative parabolic systems, Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations,Volume 27, Issue 2, pp 307-332, 2015. A. Saldaña: Qualitative properties of coexistence and semi-trivial limit profiles of nonautonomous nonlinear parabolic Dirichlet systems, Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods and Applications, 130:31 46, 2016. A. Saldaña: Partial symmetries of solutions to nonlinear elliptic and parabolic problems in bounded radial domains, PhD thesis, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 2014. A. Saldaña, T. Weth: Asymptotic axial symmetry of solutions of parabolic equations in bounded radial domains, Journal of Evolution Equations 12.3: 697-712, 2012.

To separate one single instrument from the acoustic sound of a whole orchestra- just by knowing its exact position- gives a good idea of the concept of wave splitting, the research topic of Marie Kray. Interestingly, an approach for solving this problem was found by the investigation of side-effects of absorbing boundary conditions (ABC) for time-dependent wave problems- the perfectly matched layers are an important example for ABCs. Marie Kray works in the Numerical Analysis group of Prof. Grote in Mathematical Department of the University of Basel. She did her PhD 2012 in the Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions in Paris and got her professional education in Strasbourg and Orsay. Since boundaries occur at the surface of volumes, the boundary manifold has one spatial dimension less than the actual regarded physical domain. Therefore, the treatment of normal derivatives as in the Neumann boundary condition needs special care. The implicit Crank-Nicolson method turned out to be a good numerical scheme for integrating the time derivative, and an upwinding scheme solved the discretized hyperbolic problem for the space dimension. An alternative approach to separate the signals from several point sources or scatterers is to apply global integral boundary conditions and to assume a time-harmonic representation. The presented methods have important applications in medical imaging: A wide range of methods work well for single scatterers, but Tumors often tend to spread to several places. This serverely impedes inverse problem reconstruction methods such as the TRAC method, but the separation of waves enhances the use of these methods on problems with several scatterers. Literature and additional material F. Assous, M. Kray, F. Nataf, E. Turkel: Time-reversed absorbing condition: application to inverse problems, Inverse Problems, 27(6), 065003, 2011. F. Assous, M. Kray, F. Nataf: Time reversal techniques for multitarget identification, in Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), IEEE International (pp. 143-145). IEEE, 2013. M. Grote, M. Kray, F. Nataf, F. Assous: Wave splitting for time-dependent scattered field separation, Comptes Rendus Mathematique, 353(6), 523-527, 2015.

To separate one single instrument from the acoustic sound of a whole orchestra- just by knowing its exact position- gives a good idea of the concept of wave splitting, the research topic of Marie Kray. Interestingly, an approach for solving this problem was found by the investigation of side-effects of absorbing boundary conditions (ABC) for time-dependent wave problems- the perfectly matched layers are an important example for ABCs. Marie Kray works in the Numerical Analysis group of Prof. Grote in Mathematical Department of the University of Basel. She did her PhD 2012 in the Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions in Paris and got her professional education in Strasbourg and Orsay. Since boundaries occur at the surface of volumes, the boundary manifold has one spatial dimension less than the actual regarded physical domain. Therefore, the treatment of normal derivatives as in the Neumann boundary condition needs special care. The implicit Crank-Nicolson method turned out to be a good numerical scheme for integrating the time derivative, and an upwinding scheme solved the discretized hyperbolic problem for the space dimension. An alternative approach to separate the signals from several point sources or scatterers is to apply global integral boundary conditions and to assume a time-harmonic representation. The presented methods have important applications in medical imaging: A wide range of methods work well for single scatterers, but Tumors often tend to spread to several places. This serverely impedes inverse problem reconstruction methods such as the TRAC method, but the separation of waves enhances the use of these methods on problems with several scatterers. Literature and additional material F. Assous, M. Kray, F. Nataf, E. Turkel: Time-reversed absorbing condition: application to inverse problems, Inverse Problems, 27(6), 065003, 2011. F. Assous, M. Kray, F. Nataf: Time reversal techniques for multitarget identification, in Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), IEEE International (pp. 143-145). IEEE, 2013. M. Grote, M. Kray, F. Nataf, F. Assous: Wave splitting for time-dependent scattered field separation, Comptes Rendus Mathematique, 353(6), 523-527, 2015.