Podcasts about ieee

In this episode of The PowerShell Podcast, host Andrew Pla welcomes Dr. Al Carlson, a cryptographer, mathematician, and engineer whose career spans more than four decades in military intelligence, embedded systems, and advanced encryption research. Dr. Carlson explains how set theory and mathematical patterns underpin all cryptography, breaking down complex systems like AES into understandable concepts. He discusses his groundbreaking work on isomorphic cipher reduction, polymorphic encryption, and how simplicity, not complexity, is often the key to true security.   Key Takeaways: All encryption is patterns – Dr. Carlsen explains how every cipher, including AES, can be viewed as a substitution cipher, allowing for new ways to analyze and strengthen encryption. Simplicity creates strength – Complexity doesn't guarantee security. By distilling systems to their fundamentals, cryptographers can identify weaknesses faster and design better ciphers. Quantum computing and cryptography's future – Quantum computing's potential to break current encryption standards highlights the need for polymorphic and post-quantum approaches to secure data. Guest Bio: Dr. Al Carlson is a cryptographer, mathematician, and educator with over forty years of experience in electronic warfare, military cryptography, and advanced encryption systems. His work in set theory-based cryptographic analysis and polymorphic encryption has influenced how researchers think about code-breaking and data protection. A longtime IEEE member and mentor, Dr. Carlson continues to publish papers on approaches to information security and encryption theory.Resource Links IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) – https://www.ieee.org Breaking CBC Def Con Talk by Dr. Carlson - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0IsYNDMV7A Connect with Andrew - https://andrewpla.tech/links PowerShell Wednesdays – https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mL90yFExsix-L0havb8SbZXoYRPol0B PDQ Discord – https://discord.gg/PDQ The PowerShell Podcast on YouTube: https://youtu.be/gWmlvKFduP8

Episode 309: Do you remember what it was like when you first joined the nonprofit management profession? My guest Craig Polk, MSEE, MBA, Senior Program Manager-Future Networks Tech Community, IEEE, became a nonprofit management professional 3 years ago after many years in for-profit companies. He shares his insights and observations on moving into a career path inspired by wanting to do something that makes a difference. From asking the question "why" to conducting a personal skills audit, Craig brings a fresh take on choosing a new path. His big realization: nonprofits are marathons, not sprints. You'll enjoy this fun and broad conversation that reminds us why we do what we do. What would you tell someone interested in a nonprofit management career? Share a comment!

No ano de 2025, foi incessante a busca pelos algoritmos de IA em empresas de vários segmentos, gerando corrida e até uma certa ansiedade. O que 2026 reserva nesse campo? Especialistas consideram que, no ano que vem, a IA vai ficar mais madura e começar a avançar pelos modelos agênticos, que vão agregar muito às capacidades generativas dessa tecnologia. Para falar desse novo paradigma da Inteligência Artificial, e da transformação dos negócios com a adoção da “nova IA” - que não só executa tarefas, mas define metas, planeja e toma decisões com intervenção humana mínima - o apresentador Daniel Gonzales recebe, no Start Eldorado desta semana, Camilo Girardelli, que é membro do IEEE e Arquiteto de Software Sênior com mais de 19 anos de experiência impulsionando a transformação digital por meio da IA e Machine Learning. O Start vai ao ar todas as quartas-feiras, às 21h, na Rádio Eldorado FM (107,3 para toda a Grande SP), app, site e assistentes de voz.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

El Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos junto con la Fundación Manuel Giménez Abad y la Fundación Víctimas del Terrorismo, acogen durante todo el día de hoy en el Palacio de la Aljafería de Zaragoza la Jornada sobre Terrorismo que este año se titula “El terrorismo como fenómeno geopolítico”. Analizamos en 'Cinco continentes' los actuales desafíos del terrorismo en el contexto internacional con militares y académicos. Hablamos con José Lázaro, profesor de humanidades médicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Eduardo Olier, presidente honorifico del CESEDEN y experto en inteligencia artificial, el capitán de fragata Federico Aznar Fernández-Montesinos, analista principal del IEEE y José María Samaniego, consultor estratégico. Escuchar audio

El Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos junto con la Fundación Manuel Giménez Abad y la Fundación Víctimas del Terrorismo, acogen durante todo el día de hoy en el Palacio de la Aljafería de Zaragoza la Jornada sobre Terrorismo que este año se titula “El terrorismo como fenómeno geopolítico”. Analizamos en 'Cinco continentes' los actuales desafíos del terrorismo en el contexto internacional con militares y académicos. Hablamos con José Lázaro, profesor de humanidades médicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Eduardo Olier, presidente honorifico del CESEDEN y experto en inteligencia artificial, el capitán de fragata Federico Aznar Fernández-Montesinos, analista principal del IEEE y José María Samaniego, consultor estratégico.Escuchar audio

John C. Havens has spent years at the heart of the global conversation on AI ethics. As the Founding Executive Director of the IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems, he led the creation of Ethically Aligned Design, a document that went on to influence the United Nations, OECD, IBM, and dozens of organizations shaping the future of AI. He also helped build the IEEE 7000 Standards Series, now one of the largest bodies of international standards on AI and society.Today, John serves as the Global Staff Director for the IEEE Planet Positive 2030 Program, guiding efforts that prioritize both ecological and human flourishing in technological design. But his perspective on AI doesn't begin with policy or engineering; it starts with love, vulnerability, and the deep spiritual questions that have shaped his life.Previously, John was an EVP of Social Media at Porter Novelli and was a professional actor for over 15 years.  John has written for Mashable and The Guardian and is author of the books, Heartificial Intelligence: Embracing Our Humanity To Maximize Machines, Hacking Happiness: Why Your Personal Data Counts and How Tracking it Can Change the World, and Tactical Transparency: How Leaders Can Leverage Social Media to Maximize Value and Build their Brand.  John is also an expert with AI and Faith. In this second part of our conversation, we talk about:The core of reality as loveDangers of ignoring griefWhy values must be integrated into AI systems from the very beginningHow generative AI entered classrooms and workplaces without care, consent, or loveThe seductive danger of simulated relationshipsThe role of faith communities in an automated societyJohn's GAP framework: gratitude, altruism, and purposeRisks of using AI in religious settingsHow genuine community embodies the kind of love and dignity that technology must never replaceTo learn more about John's work:IEEE Planet Positive 2030 Program – https://sagroups.ieee.org/planetpositive IEEE 7000 Standards Series – https://standards.ieee.org Books and resources mentioned:Heartificial Intelligence: Embracing Our Humanity to Maximize Machines (John Havens)Hacking Happiness: Why Your Personal Data Counts and How Tracking it Can Change the World (John Havens)The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power (Shoshana Zuboff)Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other (Sherry Turkle)This season of the podcast is sponsored by Templeton Religion Trust.Support the show

In this episode of “MARVEL Fan to Electrical Engineer,” we sit down with Kaitlin Calambahin to explore her inspiring journey from community college to UCSD, where joining IEEE changed everything. Kaitlin shares how she went from having little exposure to engineering organizations to landing internships with Northrop Grumman and Disney Imagineering. Packed with honest insights, motivation, and a few laughs, this episode is all about taking your shot—no matter where you start. Tune in and get inspired!#successinnovation #leadership #marvel #imagineering #persistence #preparation #ucsd #IEEE #Disney

David, Sara, and Ed chat with Dr. Jai Asundi, Executive Director of the Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy (CSTEP), an independent Indian think tank. Dr. Asundi has been leading CSTEP since 2009, connecting data, modeling, and policy to tackle India's energy and climate challenges. They dive into India's electricity grid, the EV revolution, oil and gas dependency, and where energy meets geopolitics.About Our GuestDr Jai Asundi is the Executive Director at the Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy (CSTEP) in Bangalore, India. In the past decade he has been working on variety of problems where science and technology play a dominant role. He is a senior member of the IEEE and holds M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh where he is currently Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Engineering and Public Policy.References available on episode pageSend us a text (if you'd like a response, please include your email)Energy vs Climate relies on the support of our generous listenersDonate to keep EvC going. Produced by Amit Tandon & Bespoke Podcasts ___Energy vs Climate Podcastwww.energyvsclimate.com Contact us at info@energyvsclimate.com Bluesky | YouTube | LinkedIn | X/Twitter

John C. Havens has spent years at the heart of the global conversation on AI ethics. As the Founding Executive Director of the IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems, he led the creation of Ethically Aligned Design, a document that went on to influence the United Nations, OECD, IBM, and dozens of organizations shaping the future of AI. He also helped build the IEEE 7000 Standards Series, now one of the largest bodies of international standards on AI and society.Today, John serves as the Global Staff Director for the IEEE Planet Positive 2030 Program, guiding efforts that prioritize both ecological and human flourishing in technological design. But his perspective on AI doesn't begin with policy or engineering; it starts with love, vulnerability, and the deep spiritual questions that have shaped his life.Previously, John was an EVP of Social Media at Porter Novelli and was a professional actor for over 15 years.  John has written for Mashable and The Guardian and is author of the books, Heartificial Intelligence: Embracing Our Humanity To Maximize Machines, Hacking Happiness: Why Your Personal Data Counts and How Tracking it Can Change the World, and Tactical Transparency: How Leaders Can Leverage Social Media to Maximize Value and Build their Brand.  John is also an expert with AI and Faith. In this first part of our conversation, we discuss:How love reframes “weakness” in both human life and AI ethicsThe impact of generative AI on creativity, intellectual property, and the erosion of human craftsmanshipThe dangers of anthropomorphism in AI designWays AI systems undermine our capacity for conscious choiceHow the surveillance economy and advertising systems shape our habits and decisionsPositive psychology matters for designing technology that supports well-beingWhat dreams, virtual reality, the spatial web, data, and spiritual life have in commonTo learn more about John's work:IEEE Planet Positive 2030 Program – https://sagroups.ieee.org/planetpositive IEEE 7000 Standards Series – https://standards.ieee.org Books and resources mentioned:Heartificial Intelligence: Embracing Our Humanity to Maximize Machines (John Havens)Hacking Happiness: Why Your Personal Data Counts and How Tracking it Can Change the World (John Havens)The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power (Shoshana Zuboff)Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other (Sherry Turkle)This season of the podcast is sponsored by Templeton Religion Trust.Support the show

The promise of AI in government is huge, but so are the stakes. We sit down with Dr. Cari Miller and Dr. Gisele Waters, co-founders of the AI Procurement Lab and leaders behind IEEE 3119, the first standard dedicated to procuring AI and automated decision systems. Together we break down how public buyers can make smarter, safer choices—turning values like transparency and human oversight into concrete policies, contract clauses, and day‑to‑day practices that actually hold up under pressure.We start with practical first steps: form a truly cross‑functional procurement team, define a real problem, and assess data readiness. You'll hear why “getting ready to get ready” is a smart move, using small, low‑risk pilots to clean data and build capability before rolling out bigger tools. We share cautionary case studies, including a clever pothole detection project on trash trucks that drifted into unintended surveillance, and we explain how scope, safeguards, and community accountability prevent harm while preserving benefits.From there, we get specific on AI policy versus contracts: how to require model provenance, audit rights, incident reporting, redress processes, and exit strategies that avoid vendor lock‑in. We talk SPI and the hidden risk of metadata, why human‑in‑the‑loop matters for public trust, and how change management helps teams see AI as a useful tool rather than a threat. By the end, you'll have a roadmap for responsible AI procurement that blends governance, ethics, and measurable outcomes.If you found this valuable, follow the show, share it with a colleague in public procurement, and leave a review to help more listeners discover these tools and ideas.Follow & subscribe to stay up-to-date on NASPO!naspo.org | Pulse Blog | LinkedIn | Youtube | Facebook

Gene is a Distinguished and ICS Alumni Professor of Computer Science at the University of California, Irvine (UCI) where he has been since 2000.  His research covers areas of security, privacy, and cryptography. From 1991 to 1996, he was a researcher at the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory and then at the Information Science Institute until 2000. He is a Fulbright scholar and a Fellow of the ACM, IEEE, AAAS, and IFIP. From 2009 to 2015, he was the editor-in-chief of the ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS). Over the years, Gene has received a number of awards, including the ACM SIGSAC Outstanding Contribution Award,  the 2020 IFIP Jean-Claude Laprie Award, the 2023 ACM SIGSAC Outstanding Innovation Award, and a 2025 Guggenheim Fellowship. Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=WLvuu74AAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao   

Microwave Journal editors Pat Hindle and Del Pierson talk with Kamal Sarabandi, an IEEE Life Fellow and the Distinguished University Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at University of Michigan, who has done pioneering work in remote sensing and made significant contributions to the world through science, education, and entrepreneurship. They discuss his work with remote sensing radar, projects at the MI Rad Lab and NASA, his dedication to education and future outlook on the industry. Kamal was the recent recipient of the IEEE Dennis J. Picard Medal for Radar Technologies and Applications.

In this week's episode, we're diving into one of the most transformative forces in modern technology — the Internet of Things, or IoT. From smart homes and connected cars, to intelligent factories and wearable health monitors, IoT is redefining how people, devices, and data interact. Our guest today is a returning guest, John Caviness, who has written extensively about IoT's role in healthcare — specifically how wireless sensing technologies can improve patient outcomes, streamline operations, and make care more responsive. His research, “Wireless Sensing for Healthcare Solutions,” published through IEEE, explores how integrating sensors and communication systems can help solve long-standing challenges in the industry. But IoT's influence goes far beyond healthcare — it's reshaping entire sectors, unlocking efficiencies, and raising important questions about security, privacy, and human impact. 

A partir de 2026, Joaquim Jorge, investigador e professor universitário, vai ser presidente-eleito da Computer Society do IEEE, uma importante organização internacional na área da engenharia eletrotécnica.

Você acha que a inteligência artificial (IA) vai substituir os seres humanos no mercado de trabalho? O Instituto dos Engenheiros Eletricistas e Eletrônicos (IEEE) divulgou uma pesquisa com dados sobre o impacto da IA no mercado no próximo ano, e a realidade parece mais colaborativa do que excludente. No episódio de hoje, o repórter Marcelo Fischer entrevistou Gabriel Gomes de Oliveira, membro do IEEE e professor da Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, para entender como a IA vai expandir empregos em 2026 e outros dados relevantes para o mercado. Você também vai conferir: Tim Cook promete Siri com IA e diz que Apple está aberta a colaborações no setor; Rockstar demite funcionários e é acusada de repressão sindical; 300 milhões de registros pessoais já vazaram na dark web em 2025; YouTube Premium grátis com Clube iFood; BYD Dolphin 2027 perderá recurso que gerava "amor e ódio" nos clientes. Este podcast foi roteirizado e apresentado por Marcelo Fischer e contou com reportagens de João Melo, Gabriel Cavalheiro, Jaqueline Sousa, André Magalhães e Danielle Cassita, sob coordenação de Anaísa Catucci. A trilha sonora é de Guilherme Zomer, a edição de Jully Cruz e a arte da capa é de Erick Teixeira.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Shawn Tierney meets up with Ivan Spronk of Siemens to learn about the SINAMICS G220 Clean Power Drive in this episode of The Automation Podcast. For any links related to this episode, check out the “Show Notes” located below the video. Watch The Automation Podcast from The Automation Blog: Listen to The Automation Podcast from The Automation Blog: The Automation Podcast, Episode 251 Show Notes: Special thanks to Ivan Spronk of Siemens for coming on the show, and to Siemens for sponsoring this episode so we could release it “ad free!” To learn about the topics discussed in this episode, checkout the below links: White Paper – Drives Harmonics – Siemens US SINAMICS G220 Website SINAMICS G220 Catalog Siemens Product Configurator (SPC) for quick part number selection and access to data sheets and CAD files Siemens energy savings calculator, SinaSave  Read the transcript on The Automation Blog: (automatically generated) Shawn Tierney (Host): Thank you for tuning back into the automation podcast. My name is Shawn Tierney from Insights and Automation. And this week, I meet up with Iren Sprock from Siemens to learn all about their g two twenty clean power drive. I also wanna thank Siemens for sponsoring this episode so I can bring it to you completely ad free. So with that said, I wanna welcome back to the show Ivan from Siemens to talk about VFDs. And, this is something we’ve been wanting to talk about for a while. But before you jump into your presentation, Ivan, could you introduce yourself to our audience for those who maybe didn’t catch your last appearance? Ivan Spronk (Siemens): Thanks a lot for just having me, back to the show here. I got a slide up here that introduces myself. I’m the product manager for the Synamix variable frequency drives for Siemens here in The US. So, yeah, happy to be back on your show. And what I would, like to talk to you about and discuss with you is our latest variable frequency drive. It’s the g two twenty and specifically the clean power drive. This is a best in class solution for a grid friendly power quality when using variable frequency drives. So Shawn, you audience may be wondering why we should discuss power grids and variable frequency drives, but I’ll just say if you’ve been around variable frequency drives or VFDs as I’ll refer to them, you’ve likely had conversations or heard something about VFDs creating or generating harmonics on the power grid. Shawn Tierney (Host): Oh, yeah. Yeah. Ivan Spronk (Siemens): Yeah. Or maybe you’ve, you know, someone in the audience has been involved in a situation where harmonic current and associated voltage distortion on your plants electrical grid were causing overheating on transformers and cabling or potentially causing circuit breakers to trip their fuses to open. Or maybe you’re just an engineer looking to select and specify a variable frequency drive and you may need to answer some questions about harmonics that typical VFDs generate. You can relate to any of those or if you’re just interested to know more about this topic, we’ll invite you to stay tuned here for the next thirty five to forty minutes for discussion on power quality and VFDs. So, Shawn, I’d like to just ask you, have you heard anything about the power grid lately? Shawn Tierney (Host): Well, yes. I’ve heard lots about the power grid. I know that this is more and more becoming a big issue because when you have a lot of VFDs producing all kinds of harmonics, that can cause lots of problems like the ones you just mentioned. But, also, the utilities are starting to to see this and saying, why are we putting up with this? So aside from the power grid needing to be hardened against all kinds of things, everything from EMTs to, you know, just, you know, Yahoo’s shooting transformers in the middle of nowhere. This has been a, I think, a big and growing issue. That’s why I’m glad that you’re on the talk about this because in the preshow, we just really I really got a sense of how important this was, you know, in 2025 and going into 2026. Ivan Spronk (Siemens): Lots of conversations about the grid and really how the grid electrical grid is being stretched. And with all of the, you know, data centers being built, you know, lots of conversations about how power is gonna be supplied with those. In other words, I think for maybe the first time in twenty five to thirty years, they’re anticipating our usage and power requirements going up. So that’s why I think all these utilities and plant operators are interested in the grid. So some reasons to discuss then the power grid and variable frequency drives is variable frequency drives very useful for motor control, but left unchecked, they can introduce several power quality issues. Harmonics, as you can see on the screen here, typical VFDs use rectifiers that generate nonlinear currents that also distort the voltage waveform and these harmonics can propagate through the electrical grid. And, you know, with that voltage waveform potentially affecting other equipment or you know at worst case other utility customers. These voltage fluctuations can lead to flicker in lighting and perhaps even take other sensitive devices offline. Typical VFDs some of them can negatively impact power factor. Again, something that’s of interest to utilities and plant operators. And just you know there could be some resonant frequencies set up that may interfere with other things. So those are all things that yeah, harmonics, and you know, the voltage fluctuation, things that are unfavorable I’ll say. And what I’d like to do here Shawn is just gonna introduce, you know, what I want to tell you is we have a very unique product here in the SINAMICS g two twenty clean power drive. Three advantages of this product we’ll wanna talk about here through through the course of this podcast. One is the clean power technology. So you can see total harmonic current distortion is well under the strictest harmonic standards there at less than 2%. It delivers near unity power factor under almost any load conditions. And I’ll just say, you know, there has been technologies out there that have been able to produce, you know, those two attributes of of, you know, low current harmonic distortion and near unity power factor. But what’s most unique about, this product we’re that we’re launching here is the compact space saving design, and it is the smallest low harmonics drive in the market. And also available, it’s all self contained, so there’s nothing extra to install. It’s all in one footprint. And I’ll give you an example here. This product is released up to a through 150 horsepower now. By the end of the year we’ll have it released up through 200 horsepower. So this is a relatively new product on the market. But that 200 horsepower drive imagine this Shawn less than three feet tall, less than 12 inches wide, and about 14 inches deep. That’s a 200 horsepower drive, that will guarantee these, things I’ve got got here with low distortion and near unity power factor. Shawn Tierney (Host): You know, that’s not something I would have thought of is that these clean drives are more clean power drives are typically larger than their standard cousins. And so the fact that you’ve been able to get these smaller and closer to the sizes of the standard drive is pretty impressive. Ivan Spronk (Siemens): You’re quite we we’d like to think so. Let’s dig into, you know, first of all, if, you know, I I said variable frequency drives or typical very free frequency drives can generate harmonics. So why why would people wanna use VFDs? Turns out variable frequency drives are really good at two things. One, saving energy, and two, improving processes. So just, you know, kind of as a reminder, why do people wanna use variable frequency drives? Just a reminder. Yeah. Half the world’s electricity is used by motors operating pumps and fans and compressors. And just as a reminder, Shawn, if you’ve got a 20 horsepower motor operating and I just use twelve hours a day, two sixty five days a year, I used average commercial power rate of 12¢ a kilowatt hour, that electric motor is gonna cost you running across the line around $5,500. If I operate that motor with a VFD and I’ve got opportunity to adjust the speed, you know, based on demand, electricity cost is half of it. So $2,500 And that even gets more grows your savings grow if I consider a 100 horsepower motor operating twelve hours a day, two fifty days a year, again, with that same kilowatt hour. You know, that running that electric motor across the line is gonna cost you, you know, I’ve got on the screen here $28,000. I’ve got the opportunity to adjust speed and control speed as I do with the VFD, and the application can, of course, doesn’t have to be run at full speed. You know, just typical savings again is gonna it’s gonna cost you less than half to run that electric motor. So I like to put those numbers in front of people, Shawn, because I think people lose sight of how much it costs to run an electric motor. So any thoughts on that? Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. You know, when I first got in this industry back in ’90, this was big. This was talked about all the time. They were like, if you get a fan or pump and you don’t have a VFD on it, you’re just wasting money. And and and to some extent too soft status. But the point being that, you know, if the way you drove your car was you just put the pedal to the metal everywhere you went, you could just realize that’s not gonna be very efficient, you know, fuel wise. And so, you know, putting aside the process thing, because many processes, you can’t just do a cross line starter. Right? It would be great for the process, but, typically, fans and and pumps, I mean, the the amount of savings is tremendous. And I know for a very long time, this was, you know, it was up there with, lighting, up upgrading your lighting in your plant. You’re just installing VFDs or upgrading VFDs from very old VFDs. A lot of times, the cost savings and the rebates would make the the project pay for itself within a year or two, if not sooner. So it’s, for anybody listening, I know all the old timers out there are like, yeah, know all about this, but maybe he’s listening and you haven’t taken a look at that, definitely call your, local representative and ask him about energy savings with VFDs because it’s huge. I mean, it’s just massive. As you show in this slide, you know, but it’s it’s it’s just it’s it’s super. Now at your second point, processes, yeah, some processes I mean, they wouldn’t be possible if all you had was across the line. You know, we we think about, you know, needing a very precise control, very precise movement, maybe not servo control, but in some cases, you know, just, you know, starting the VFD across the line would, you know, would break things. Right? You need to coast up and coast down, and, you know, be able to vary the speed based on the but what part of the what product you’re making sometimes. But let me turn it back to you. Ivan Spronk (Siemens): Sure. So one of the links that I’ve got in my resources is a a a link to it’s called CNA Save. It’s just our Siemens name for our, energy savings calculator. So somebody, you know, with that link, somebody could go in there and very quickly, you know, put in their own horsepower and speed profiles and energy costs and see for themselves, you know, more dialed in. So yeah. And I liked your your conversation about the process. I mean, so I think what I’m trying to establish on this slide really is VFDs are very useful and very effective at helping manage costs and improve process. So, you know, VFDs are not going away. So now let’s then dive into figuring out, okay, how do we handle harmonics that typical drives generate. So first, Shawn, let’s start with a conversation about what are line harmonics, and I’ve just got a few slides here to talk about that. But we’ll relate it to, you know, what we call linear loads, which is like an induction motor or resistors or incandescent lamps. They draw sinusoidal or linear current proportional to voltage. So in other words, for the audience on the looking at this slide here you can see very nice looking sine waves. Yeah. In this country of course that’s coming from our power plants at 60 Hertz. Looks very nice, right? Well, when you put a nonlinear load on your electrical distribution center system, yeah, and nonlinear loads are any power electronic device that’s converting AC power to DC power. So that’s what we’re doing in a VFD, we’re converting AC power to DC power. But also computers, you know, that’s obviously not the same talking in the same magnitude of power, but this is what computers are doing. Same thing with LED lamps now, Discharge lighting. And very interestingly enough, this is also what’s going on in EV charging stations. You know, you’re converting AC power to DC power, so that’s considered a nonlinear load. And what happens there in a nonlinear load is it doesn’t draw, it just draws power in pulses when the capacitors need to charge. So think about these capacitors charging more at the top of the waveform, And that’s then what causes these variations in both voltage and current, from the fundamental sine wave. And you know, in very simple terms, that’s what these harmonics are. Yeah. They’re non sinusoidal, they’re nonlinear, and even since it’s changing with the applied voltage. So there’s some things that they, you know, negative impacts we’ll say. And again, for the audience that’s looking at the slide there, you can kind of see some of these nonlinear currents stacked up there. Point is it creates a much more complex waveform, and there’s current flowing at those multiple frequencies. So Shawn, I’ve got for for people that are maybe having a hard time visualing this up, I’ve got a little example. So can you think, Shawn, of a musical group that sings in parts? Shawn Tierney (Host): Mhmm. Ivan Spronk (Siemens): Even if we can’t mention them on the air, you can we can all think of, you know, a group that’s in Yep. Yep. Yeah. Exactly. So here we go. We’ve got a musical group singing in different parts, and these different musical parts are sung at different pitches or frequencies. And that all blends together to make a richer sound. Right? Well, we can think of that fuller sound that’s flowing at those frequencies. That’s kinda like more current flowing in there. So, you know, to back to our harmonics example. So, yeah, there’s world flowing at these other frequencies other than 60 Hertz, and that kind of fundamentally becomes a problem we need to deal with. And then in that in that group, Shawn, can you think of someone what does it sound like when they sing off key? Shawn Tierney (Host): Absolutely. Who doesn’t sound good. Ivan Spronk (Siemens): Does it so maybe we’ll think of that as voltage distortion. So we gotta gotta do something about that too. So Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. I’d like to you know what? For me, you know, to and I think the charts for those listening, I think the charts really spell it out. They’re color coded, and they show the different harmonics. And for me, I think charting it is kinda one of the ways to understand it visually because if you think about let’s say you have a large rock, a medium rock, and a small rock, and you throw all three at the same time into a pond. You can visually see the big ripple, the medium ripple, and the small ripple, but it’s really hard for you to understand as they’re spreading out what the effect would be on, you know, any any, you know, maybe toy boats that your kids have in the water or grandkids have in the water. Right? And so it it’s it’s a very tough for for human beings to try to keep in their head more than three things happening at a time. Right? And so and so I I love seeing the chart here, and it shows the relationship to when the capacity of charging and how that affects the primary and the sympathetic and the different waveforms. And I just know that these are, you know, inducing currents, And each one of these are inducing currents, but it’s like that throwing multiple rocks into into a body of water. I just can’t I, you know, I need to see it. I need to draw it out. I just can’t, you know, understand. Hey. Well, that me means this little boat’s gonna go to the Northwest because, you know, you know, and this is where I think it’s it’s easy to overlook the effects that these harmonics have because it is it does get kinda complicated to visualize. Ivan Spronk (Siemens): Yeah. No. I I like that analogy of, the rocks and the water too. You can see those wave forms and yeah. It becomes, you know, more current flow that has to be dealt with. And and the voltage notching is something again, talking about typical VFDs. I’ve got a little picture here of yeah, showing in the center of the screen there. Just main section of a typical VFD with the rectifier front end that’s a six pulse, standard six pulse rectifier in there that’s what you know is very very common. You can see the DC link capacitors in the middle there, and of course the inverter section on the output which is recreating that sine wave. But let’s turn our attention to you know the input waveform that we’re showing. You can see you know drawing power creating those that notched waveform. And really what I want to point out on this slide is okay that’s kind of at the top of the slide I’ve got a picture of OneDrive doing that that you know on any given distribution system there’s a variety of loads right? Each with its own signature that interacts with each other, So you end up in trying to show down in this down in the orange section here of this drawing. Okay all of these different loads combined with their own signature to create kind of a system signature if you will. And then what happens is, okay, you’ve got standards that we’ll talk about here a little bit, but standards and specifications, you know, you’ll see if you’re an engineer dealing with harmonics, you know, they often refer to this point of common coupling. So that’s kind of what I’m trying to come across on this slide here as well is when you have a system, you know, it’s very useful to identify this point of common coupling where you’re gonna measure, these harmonics. So you’ll see that in a lot of specifications. Not sure if you ever seen that, Shawn. Shawn Tierney (Host): No. And and and just the point of common coupling, when you’re saying that you’re referring to go ahead. Give me that again. What what does that actually mean? Ivan Spronk (Siemens): If you notice over on the right side here, we’ve got a different loads. I’m showing I’m showing a couple of different drives. I’m showing few motors operating across the line, each with their own signature, but that ends up creating, you know, on the distribution system, you know, a system signature. So we need some place, you know, to decide, you know, if you’re trying to meet a spec, well, tell me then where I have to measure it. So that becomes that’s what this point of common coupling is. And I just wanted to get that term out there because people have often heard of this. Sometimes it’s right at the we’ll say the you know connection to the Utility Transformer. If you’re a plant operator maybe you’ve got a handful of buildings over here and you want to define a point of common coupling between some of these other buildings. Mhmm. But it’s just a, yeah, place to define for a measurement. Shawn Tierney (Host): So in this case they have let’s say they have a transformer here. This transformer feeds two, let’s say, VFDs and then two motor starters. So they’re exactly at that point, you know, on the outfeed of the transformer, which we know we have four loads on, to be that point of common coupling. Because what’s gonna happen is we have all these different loads, so we have all these different waveforms. We have the different harmonics from the VFDs. So that’s gonna average together to give us a a waveform that’s the combination of those four devices, And that’s point of common coupling. Alright, I’m with you. Thank you. Ivan Spronk (Siemens): Exactly. Again, just one other factor, just to talk about a factor that impacts the magnitude of harmonics, is something else you’ll see in a lot of specifications is what’s called the relative short circuit ratio. And really this is just a metric that’s used when evaluating the grid’s ability to support variable frequency drives and and really any other nonlinear load, which, you know, we mentioned LED lighting and there’s other nonlinear loads out there too. But what it does is compares the strength of the grid or distribution system maybe that you have in your plant to the size of the connected load. And of course, this ratio and therefore the magnitude of the harmonics is impacted by transformer size, by what you all got connected if I’ve got other reactors, how much cable I’ve got connected. And then probably most importantly by load size and type. In other words, by load size I mean, okay is this 50 horsepower or 200 horsepower? And by type meaning, is this 300 horsepower running across the line or is it on a with a VFD? I like to give an example there, Shawn. Water treatment facilities often you hear a lot about harmonics in those facilities because often there’s such big motor loads being controlled by VFDs and that is by far the largest represents the largest percentage of load on that transformer. Right? So I’ve got to imagine kind of this remote water treatment facility, you know, what’s out there? Probably four to five to six depending on how big it is, you know, huge motors running pumps, right? And not much else. So there’s an example of people that would be you know very concerned about how much you know what percentage of nonlinear load do I have on my transformer? So that’s kind of all relates back to this short circuit ratio. Again, something you see in a lot of specs. So just trying to give some definition around what that is. Sure if you got anything, any questions or anything you wanted to add or? Shawn Tierney (Host): No. I I appreciate that. Appreciate you going over. Ivan Spronk (Siemens): No. Kind of a point I’m trying to make is, you know, there’s multiple factors that impact the magnitude and lots of things to think about and figure out. It’s like, wow. If you’re a plant engineer with responsibilities for a power grid, wouldn’t it be great not to have to think about this? And I guess ask you to remember, you know, why I showed you at the beginning of this is, well, our our product, you know, take that whatever’s I drive is giving you no distortion at the terminals, no, you know, near unity power factor. So it becomes something that can really simplify. Yeah. Make make make a life of a plant engineer much simpler by specifying products that are you know low harmonic content. So let’s talk just okay so we kind of defined variable frequency drives. We we like them. They do a lot of good things. But okay there’s some things going on with harmonics. Okay so what’s what’s necessarily bad about these harmonics? So I’ve got a couple slides here showing that’ll walk us through the effects of, you know, kind of the pain points of harmonics. So, you know, with regards to transformers, generally, remember we talked about there’s there’s more current flowing at these other frequencies. So that’s gonna induce some additional heating and additional losses, likely to see some insulation stress, possibly even some resonant frequencies that are gonna set up core vibrations. So those are some of the, you know, undesirable things with generators. You know, there’s most good sized facilities have a standby generator. Right? Well, now if I’m operating a lot of nonlinear loads, I’d really start to need need to start to pay attention to, okay, is my generator gonna work to power these nonlinear loads? So something to consider there. And what what ends up happening is you people may have to oversize that generator Shawn Tierney (Host): Mhmm. Ivan Spronk (Siemens): To be able to run these nonlinear loads. And dropping down to cables and conductors again, if I’ve got more current flowing through them, that’s gonna increase your cable losses due to increased cable resistance caused by the skin effect, which is something that in tendency of alternating currents to flow primarily along the surface of the conductor. Yeah. Increasing or decreasing its ability to, you know, do its job and really deteriorating the the insulation, due to excessive heating. So those are all, you know, negative things that happen when you have a lot of harmonics. Right? Alright. Looking at one more slide of just some, you know, negative impact on circuit breakers or that may trip prematurely or fuses that may open prematurely. Again, thermomagnetic circuit breakers have these bimetallic strips that may be impacted by those additional currents flowing. Electronic type circuit breakers use current sensors which need to account for, you know, these harmonic currents. Yeah. Most circuit breakers are designed to trip at a zero crossover point. So with these distorted currents, you know, there may be some spurious zero crossovers. And then kind of some similar problems with fuses again due to heating effect. This RMS current and non uniform current distribution through the fuse element. You know, what tends to happen is people may have to oversize fuses. But of course, I’m also, you know, to match that actual RMS curve that’s flowing with these harmonics. But okay, that’s not necessarily unless somebody’s out there measuring it, they don’t know what that is. Right, Shawn? And I’ve got codes to meet. I can’t just put a way bigger fuse in. So, you know, it kind of becomes this balancing act. Right? Yep. So Yeah. So those are all things, you know, that happen when you have a lot of harmonics. Again, I can kind of summarize them on one slide here. Line, you know, line harmonics produced by these nonlinear loads cause overheating, inefficient operation, you know, and more losses, perhaps some premature line tripping, perhaps some system oscillations and instability, perhaps noise, and and yeah. And reduced power factor. So none of those are good. Right? In general, reduced efficiency, increased power loss and energy costs, and of course then higher carbon emissions as well. And yet to kind of summarize this all up, current distortion is is bad, infects your all your systems. You gotta account for it. Voltage distortion is often the one that will get people that it’s much worse because that goes all other systems as well if if left unchecked. So that’s my kind of my summary slide there of effects of harmonics and why we wanna do things to control them. So any any thoughts or questions there, Shawn? Shawn Tierney (Host): No. I think I think the slide does a good job of showing that, you know, this isn’t not just for your VFD, VSD. It’s the other things on the line too that you’re affecting. Right? So so now I’m sure some of the, some of those, listening or watching have have stories of where, you know, one drive, two drive wasn’t a problem, four, five, six drives, and they started seeing these issues because it was cumulative. Right? You know, the more drives you have. So, I’d love to hear any stories you guys that are listening and watching have about this and what you did to resolve it. But, this is this is I mean, in some cases, you may just need to get a VFD, like this clean power drive that eliminates this problem versus, you know, other ways of dealing with it. Ivan Spronk (Siemens): Sure. Oh, so, yeah, that that leads well into my next kind of couple of slides here. I mean, harmonics are not new. Line harmonics voltage distortion isn’t something that’s new. I mean, this this has been around for as long as VFBs has been around. So people have come up with, you know, ways to mitigate this. And I’ve got, you know, five of those methods listed on the screen. And we’re just gonna kinda very quickly step through these. But the last one there is really we’re gonna get to okay. What is in the g two twenty that makes it unique, and why do I wanna talk about it? So again, what and we’ll come back to this summary slide at the end here, but just okay. Like I said, people have come up with a handful of different ways to try and mitigate harmonics. First one is just, you know, a simple line reactor. And what you also see is some manufacturers, and Siemens has done this too, to some of our lines. We have DC chokes in the, you know, in that DC link section. You know, it’s an inductor and really all that’s doing is imposing, you know, opposing rather the rate of change of current flowing through it. So it kinda takes the top off of those notches if you you will. Yeah. It’s simple, probably economical. It’s usually applied to each VFD. If you know something about what impedance you need, there’s there’s a selection you know available in these AC line reactors. You can select the impedance you want. But some of the negative things is they take up more panel space. They gotta wire it. And in reality, it only offers kind of a small improvement. So people invented other things. So the next thing I got here is people came up with, they call them massive harmonic filters. They’re also called line harmonic filters, you know, LHF, you see that or harmonic trap filters. And what these do is they eliminate or control kind of those dominant lower order harmonics. I didn’t talk about this much, but these harmonic currents that are flowing they’re they’re much more dominant kind of at the lower end of the frequency range so they these harmonic trap filters work on, you know, those low order harmonics. And they they can be effective for, you know, putting in front of a drive. Kind of what they consist of is a LC circuit there, maybe with a damping resistor, and they get tuned to these specific frequencies. So but again, it’s a device that takes up panel space. I have to install that separate from the drive, so I gotta wire it. And then they don’t do a very good job because they still have, you know, voltage notching and instability on gen generator operation is a a is a known problem with these things. And okay you’re introducing more losses to the system. So that’s passive harmonic filters. The next thing I’ve got here is, you may have this has been pretty common in the industry. It’s called the 18 pulse front end. And really what this does is uses takes your incoming three phase power and really converts it to nine phases with a, you know, special transformer, that creates a phase shift between these different, now nine phases, so I can now I gotta have this 18 pulse, diode bridge and you can kinda see that on the on the slide here too. So I need, you know, this involves a lot of equipment. I need this auto transformer, I need a different rectifier bridge, you know, a much bigger one really, but it does do a really good job of yeah. So I’m not drawing current in big chunks anymore, I’m drawing current more often. Right? Because I’ve got this, you know, 18 pulse rectifier. So it really does a good job of meeting, you know, there’s a standard out there called IEEE five nineteen that’s referenced, that we’ll talk about just a little bit more here in a bit. And these also, work relatively well with the standby generator. Some of the negative things is, okay, you know, soon as I introduce that transformer and more switching, that reduces my system efficiency. And really the big one is this takes a ton of space to not only mount that transformer, but that, 18 pulse rectifier. I got a wire between all of that. So it ends up being a pretty substantial product cost in terms of component cost and and floor space cost. So, but you know has been widely used in the industry but a lot of metal, you know copper and iron, being used in that solution. Next IBT bridge and a DC bus much like the front end, front two parts of that AC drive that I showed you. So we’ve got kind of a the front end and a DC bus set in there. And what this really does is monitors the current and then really generates compensation current in opposite phase to offset harmonics. So this can be, you know, effective. The waveform looks pretty good. It’s unaffected by impedance changes because it’s managing the switches. But yeah, it tends to be you know more complex, it’s more expensive than passive filters, and again it becomes another device to install. Permissioning can be a bit of a challenge because you gotta get this tuned to obtain optimal performance. Although there are some self tuning ones out there that, you know, help take that burden away. But, yeah, you gotta install another piece of equipment that takes up think of it as, you know, two thirds of another VFD setting out there. Right? Shawn Tierney (Host): I would think it is also less energy efficient too because so we all know we have noise canceling headphones. They take power to generate a cancel waveform. Right? So we were already losing power because of harmonics, and now we’re generating another waveform to cancel out the harmonics. So it just seems like we’re losing more energy to produce this canceling wave. So it I mean, I could if this is the option that works, then you have the space granted, but it seems like it’s less energy efficient than maybe a passive filter. Right? But I don’t know. What do you I mean, two thirds more of the panel space as a as just the VFD alone. That sounds like a lot of equipment. Ivan Spronk (Siemens): Give you a a fucking waveform. So I think that’s why people like it. But, yeah, it is definitely something that’s more complex. And and again, I think also there’s that commissioning aspect. And another thing is okay. So you get it set up on a given distribution system and it’s doing great. Okay what happens when I add a couple of more drives on this distribution system? It’s gonna change the dynamics and may need to do some recommissioning. So again it’s something that a plant operator would would need to you know pay attention to. So all those methods and and what I’m gonna get to next is something that’s actually in the G220. So all these previous method methods you know kind of works to a degree and each kind of has its maybe strong points and and not so strong points. But what I want to talk about now is something that’s called active front end. And this is you know, the g two twenty clean power drive is a version of this active front end. So active front ends. So what do we mean by that? Basically, it’s, you know, a sinusoidal input rectifier. And we are controlling the commutation or when we’re conducting energy. So with that we can get, you know, if done right we can have a high dynamic response. So we can respond to, changes for instance, you know, voltage dips in the distribution center excuse me, distribution system. And and because of that, then we we can also kinda get because we’re controlling when we’re conducting current, you know, it’s it’s near you unity power factor. So, yeah. These active front ends have been versions of these drives out there as well. What’s unique about the g two twenty is that it’s a two quadrant active front end. So power is flowing only in one direction. So in other words from the supplier line source, you know, through the drive to the motor. These are called clean power. So you hear the name clean power infeed that’s because okay the, you know, the infeed or line supply is is clean. This is known as something, out in the industry. They’re called Vienna bridge rectifiers. Vienna bridge rectifiers, something that was invented in the mid nineties. And basically, I I just put up a, you know, bigger diagram of kinda what’s going on here. There you can kinda see, okay, it is only two quadrant, but there’s this three level switching process that really reduces all these lower ordered harmonics. So this provides them a stable controllable. The advantage is five voltage DC output, so there’s no voltage reduction going on. Makes it ideal for high power applications like VFDs. And again, remember I mentioned earlier in the conversation here, electric vehicle chargers. So this is a technology that’s been popularized by some of the people. Yeah. Making electric vehicle chargers as well. So and really, yeah. What we’re doing here is using on smaller sizes MOSFETs or on larger sizes, you know, IGBTs here in the power section. Mhmm. And then using a very, you know, part of the sauce here is the control or of the pulse width modulation to manage power inflow is is really, as short a sentence as I can come up to describe what’s going on here. With this, because we’re only controlling power in one direction, there’s some ability, you know, we we don’t have as many switching losses. Again, because we’re only dealing with two quadrants, it’s a compact size, but it is non regenerative. And I I just what I’ll do here is I’ll put up, you know, a four quadrant comparison. So there are active front ends out there that are four quadrant, which has more of a full IGBT, you know, front end to it. The advantage of that is you do get power flow. It is regenerative. You do get power flow in both directions. But of course now I have higher losses because I’m switching in both directions and and you know, just a little bit less efficient. So really kind of coming back to what’s in the the g two twenty clean power drive is this two quadrant Vienna Bridge rectifier. Again because we’re only controlling power in one direction there’s some space savings that that come from that. So yeah and I’ll just add a two quadrant so that’s why this is targeted at you know, non regenerative load applications like pumps and fans. Right? And compressors. Those are not regen load applications. If you need something, you know, four quadrant that would be, you know, like think of a hoisting application or something like that. Maybe large centrifuges or something like that that has a lot of mass that’s been accelerated up and yet can capture some region on the D cell. But that’s kind of, what’s in the g two twenty clean power drive. So, Shawn, I’ll just kinda stop there and the and by the way, the waveform is fantastic. Just dialed that in there. So any thoughts or questions or what’s on your what’s on your mind there? Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. No. That’s important to know. So, you know, you got the two quadrant version in the Clean Power g two twenty. And the important thing here is you’re gonna get beautiful. You’re gonna get beautiful elimination of harmonics. You’re gonna have a beautiful waveform. But when you make this choice, you’re also opting out of, regen, like you said, like a hoist or a large inertia load. There’ll be no regenning, which in some cases, you’d be choosing a different VFD. That’s just a different application. Right? Ivan Spronk (Siemens): Exactly. Shawn Tierney (Host): But I think most VFD applications, at least the ones I’ve seen over the years, do not have any regen. Right? They’re your standard purpose, even your high performance VFDs are not doing regen or anything any any type of regeneration capabilities. So I think for most applications, that’s not gonna be an issue, but it’s important to point out. Ivan Spronk (Siemens): What do you think? In the you know, some people we’ve asked questions about, why didn’t you just make it four quadrant? Well, let me ask you, Shawn. What do you think’s less expensive to make? A a two quadrant or four quadrant version? Shawn Tierney (Host): I got a feeling the four quadrant may be twice as much. Yeah. Well, at least that part of it. Right? The front end. Ivan Spronk (Siemens): And when do you think would, you know, take up more handle space Shawn Tierney (Host): at two quadrant or four quadrant? Yeah. Exactly. Exactly. Yeah. Ivan Spronk (Siemens): So, I mean, it’s it’s a very targeted, again, targeted at those, applications that are non region load applications, which Yeah. I’ll I’ll submit that’s at least 80% of them, you know, what’s out there. So if so, again, this really just to emphasize, it’s it’s a Vienna bridge rectifier. So, you know, some uniqueness there. But then really, also the software side of it, you know, building the, algorithm to manage that power flow and assure efficient operation is what’s been done in the g two twenty drive. And yeah. With regards to nice looking waveforms, it’s a lights out, you know, the best looking waveform out there. And matter of fact, I’ve got one more slide here that shows just, you know, development team took one of our g two twenty products, you know. So this is what’s shown over on the left side here is just your standard our, you know, waveform. You can see kind of the double humped waveform there. If you put a passive harmonic filter in front of the g two twenty, you know, waveform starts to look pretty good. But now if you just use a clean power drive, you get a very nice looking waveform. All that worrying about what the effect of harmonics how they’re generated you don’t have to think about that anymore because right at the input terminals of the drive you know, we’re giving you very very low turn harmonic distortion. So and and also that near unity power factor. So that’s really the advantages of the clean power drive. Shawn Tierney (Host): Well, and I you know, just for the audio audience, I mean, we’re looking at the standard g two twenty, right, your standard drive. You’re looking at a total harmonic distortion of, let’s say, 33. Well, you put that passive harmonic filter on, that’s standard drive. Now we’re down to around 4%. Right? But if you have a lot of those drives, that may not be enough. Right? So with the clean power g two twenty, we’re down to under 2%, 1.9 total harmonic distortion. And you see that I know you guys listening can’t see it, but you can see that in the waveforms. All the viewers who are watching can see the waveforms definitely the improvement as you go through each of these options. And, again, you’ll know if you need clean power. Right? I’m fairly sure that, you you know, if you don’t need clean power, you don’t need it. Right? But if you need it Right. And and this is something that I think we’ll see more and more because quite honestly, I mean, power fact, we all know how that affects your utility bill and how our company thinks about that. And so we can accept more stringent controls over time as, yes, the systems become more advanced. You know, you’re gonna get dinged if you have really bad power, you know, the quality of the power. If you’re causing problems down, you know, for the rest of the block or for the rest of the, business park, they’re gonna start tracking that. So let me turn it back to you, Evan. Ivan Spronk (Siemens): Yep. We’re kind of to the end. I’ve got a couple of slides just to summarize what we’ve talked about here. You know, the the g two twenty is, a new drive for us. It’s our next generation SINAMICS product. And really this drive was designed and built on four pillars of digitalization. So in the form of you know, having a digital twin capability to help engineers shorten design and engineering efforts when sizing a drive system, and then tools to optimize operation once it’s up and running. You can see another pillar of secure, meaning security, with regards to cybersecurity and and safety that protects people from machines and protects machines from people as well and other sinister actors. And ease of use, you know, next generation product starting with a clean sheet of paper. Okay. Some things were done with regards to selection, configuring, commissioning, training, things like that with making the product as easy to use as possible. And then this fourth pillar of being sustainable, you know optimizing manufacturing resources and materials used, even operational efficiency during the life of the product and then even considering you know the end of the product life cycle. So all of those things designed into the Sinamics G220 and then if we look again specifically at the advantages of the clean power drive, you know that nice clean low low total distortion that complies with the harmonic standards, near unity power factor, and again, in that space saving design. And just to kinda give you an idea, I’ve I’ve been telling you it’s small, and I think I maybe let the cat out of the bag at the beginning of the, presentation as well. Yeah. Here’s here’s kind of a table that shows dimensions, and there’s that 200 horsepower drive that I referenced. So, yeah, this this technology, you know, it’s not like buy the drive and buy buy something else to add on to it. It’s all in one package. And, yeah, that that 200 horsepower drive, you know, 31 inches tall, less than 12 inches wide, and about 14 inches deep. That’s a 200 horsepower clean power drive that would yeah. You wouldn’t have to think about all this harmonic stuff. And I’m not gonna put up a chart that shows competitor a, b, and c and and our product next to it. But you can take that table and go find go look at other people’s solutions and you’ll see yeah. It’s it’s a very compact device. So that’s kind of the point of that slide there, Shawn. And, yeah, really my last slide then just kind of I have drawn heavily from a white paper that my counterpart, Nikun Shah, wrote. So we’ll give you a link to go download that, white paper. That discusses a little bit more. I’ve kinda mentioned on and off, I triple e five nineteen. That is by far the prevalent standard in this country for, yeah, describing what harmonics are, different medication techniques. And then, you know, there’s tables in there. It’s like, okay, if you’re being called to meet specification at triple eight five nineteen, you know, here are the harmonic current distortion levels and voltage distortion levels that that you need to meet. So that’s all laid out in that white paper. Yeah. And then we’ll give you a a link to our website, to the g two twenty catalog. I have another very useful feature shown that I’ll give you a link to is the seamless product selector where you can go and, you know put in a part you know very quickly pick a part number and then get to some you know CAD models of it. And then I’ve mentioned that energy savings calculator at all. So Shawn that’s kind of what I had for today. I hope that was interesting to you and, more importantly, interesting to your audience. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. And I just wanna remind the audience that we had you on to talk about the g two twenty a while back. We also had Jackie on that go through commissioning the one twenty and the two twenty. So if you’re kinda curious, how do you do that in TIA portal? Because I’ve never done that before. So Jackie came on, and she walked us through that for both of these two models. We also have received some samples from Siemens. So we will be, trying those out them ourselves here in the in the studio. Don’t know. Don’t have a date on that. We’re a little backed up here. But, definitely, they’re right in front of me every day, so I don’t forget about them. So we’ll be doing that as well. And, then we’ll make those available to our in person students who come to the school as well as we’ll add those as lessons to the online course over at the automation school. But so lots of stuff. We’ve had a lot of coverage. If you have any questions, check out this white paper. I’m sure we just touched the surface of what’s in there. And, of course, Ivan and all his colleagues at Siemens would love to hear from you. And, Ivan, let me, pass it back to you for the final word. Ivan Spronk (Siemens): Yeah. Just thank you so much for having me on, Shawn. Shawn Tierney (Host): Well, I hope you enjoyed that episode. I wanna thank Ivan for coming on the show and giving us that very technical presentation, which I totally enjoyed. I hope you guys did too. Also wanna thank Siemens for sponsoring this episode because you guys know I love to really stem completely ad free and available to the entire public. So with that said, I also wanna thank you for tuning back in this week. If you think about it, please give me a thumbs up or a like or a five star review. That is the best way for me to find new vendors to come on the show. And with the exception of Thanksgiving week, we should have a show every week up until the last two weeks of the year, and we are already recording shows for next year. So I’m excited about that. If you know any vendors you think we should be on the show, please reach out to them. I’m working on a new media guide as well, and so, we’d love to have them on the show this coming year of 2026. So with that said, I just wanna wish you all good health and happiness. And until next time, my friends, peace. Until next time, Peace ✌️  If you enjoyed this content, please give it a Like, and consider Sharing a link to it as that is the best way for us to grow our audience, which in turn allows us to produce more content

Sudeendra's journey spans science, innovation, entrepreneurship, art, and acting. From filing patents to mentoring global teams, he shares how curiosity, creativity, and a stretch mindset drive human potential and shape the future of innovation.00:09- About Dr Sudeendra Thirtha KoushikSudeendra Koushik (Vice President, IEEE) is the Chief Innovator and Cofounder of PRASU, a unique consulting company.He advises major companies, such as Bosch, Continental, General Motors, Mercedes Benz, and Volvo, on delivering innovation by developing innovators. 

In this episode, we connect with Steve Wetzel, a member of IEEE and principal applications engineer with Southwire Company, one of North America's largest wire and cable manufacturers and the sponsor of this podcast, to learn more about how the cable connecting a VFD to a motor might be costing you thousands of dollars in premature motor failures, unexpected downtime and interference with other equipment.

Three years after the 2022 "crypto winter" severely damaged public confidence in these technologies (even among healthcare leaders), the term Web3 is conspicuously absent from the current healthtech space. So, what happened? And where do we really stand with the adoption of these technologies within our healthcare systems? Anca Petre is perfectly positioned to give us answers. A trained pharmacist, she has been exploring Web3 and its healthcare applications for over eight years, speaking on the international stage to educate and share key insights on using these technologies to improve health outcomes. Her assessment is stark: while the core value proposition of Web3 in health remains intact—offering breakthroughs in traceability, security, and patient control over data—its adoption by key players is still marginal. In this episode, Anca shares her analysis of the current landscape, her belief in the untapped potential of these technologies, and a preview of what tomorrow's medical research could look like, powered by decentralised science. Tune in for a conversation with a true health geek, one with her feet firmly planted in the realities of today's systems! Timeline: 00:00:00 - Anca's journey at the interface of healthcare, Web3, and content creation 00:04:14 - Today's value proposition and use cases for Web3 in healthcare 00:07:02 - Why we hear less about Web3 in healthcare these days 00:13:51 - Making the Web3 user experience flawless in healthcare 00:16:50 - Where Web3 did not live up to its promises in healthcare 00:18:32 - The interplays of Web3 and AI in healthcare 00:24:39 - Healthcare innovation and its dependencies on systemic changes 00:33:49 - Paving a new way for medical research with decentralised science What we also talked about with Anca: Jim Nasr MedShake Studio ChatGPT Metaverse NFTs Decentralised Autonomous Organisation (DAO) DeSci Nordics We cited with Anca some of the past episodes of the series: #10 - Applying blockchain technology to healthcare - Eberhard Scheuer - dHealth Foundation As suggested by Anca during the episode, you can learn more about Web3 and its applications in healthcare through the podcast Tech Anatomy that she is hosting and producing. For further information on the topic, she recommends consulting IEEE.org, following Allie K. Miller's work, and looking at Molecule.xyz in case you want to dive deeper into decentralised science. You can follow Anca's activities on LinkedIn, X, and YouTube, and discover the other podcasts she is producing for healthcare clients with MedShake Studio! ✉️ If you want to give me feedback on the episode or suggest potential guests, contact me over LinkedIn or via email! ⭐️ And if you liked the episode, please share it, subscribe to the podcast, and leave a 5-star review on streaming platforms!

Wie gut ist Deutschland wirklich aufgestellt, wenn es um Data Literacy geht? Warum ist Datenkompetenz längst mehr als ein Spezialthema für Analysten – und was bedeutet sie konkret für Unternehmen, Verwaltung und Gesellschaft? Darüber spricht Host Jonas Rashedi mit Katharina Schueller, Gründerin und CEO von STAT-UP. Sie arbeitet seit über 22 Jahren im Bereich Statistik und Datenanalyse und leitet heute eine internationale IEEE-Arbeitsgruppe, die globale Standards für Data & AI Literacy entwickelt. Im Gespräch geht es zunächst um die Entwicklung der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte – vom datengetriebenen Nischenthema hin zu einem kulturellen Kern der Digitalisierung. Katharina erklärt, warum Unternehmen sich zu lange auf Effizienz und Automatisierung konzentriert haben und jetzt den Schritt hin zu echter Effektivität und Verantwortung gehen müssen. Ein Highlight ist ihr Beispiel aus der Automobilbranche, wo aus einem konkreten Use Case zur Tachomanipulation plötzlich ein ganz neues datenbasiertes Geschäftsmodell entstand. Von dort aus spannt sich der Bogen hin zu den großen Fragen: Wie misst man eigentlich Datenqualität? Welche Rolle spielt Kontext beim Interpretieren von Ergebnissen? Und wie kann man mit der „zirkulären Datenkompetenz“ sicherstellen, dass Datenverständnis nicht nur in der IT, sondern in allen Fachbereichen ankommt? Besonders eindrucksvoll: Katharina erzählt von einem Forschungsprojekt mit dem Zoll, bei dem es nicht um Technologie, sondern um Vertrauen, Praxis und Augenhöhe ging. Dort zeigt sich, dass Data Literacy nicht gelehrt, sondern gemeinsam gelebt werden muss – und dass Offenheit oft wirksamer ist als jede Schulung. Zum Schluss sprechen Jonas und Katharina über Ethik, Verantwortung und die Grenzen der Erklärbarkeit von KI. Denn Transparenz bedeutet immer auch, Macht zu teilen – und genau das macht echte Aufklärung aus. MY DATA IS BETTER THAN YOURS ist ein Projekt von BETTER THAN YOURS, der Marke für richtig gute Podcasts. Zum LinkedIn-Profil von Katharina: https://www.linkedin.com/in/schuellerstats/ Zur Webseite von STAT-UP: https://www.linkedin.com/company/stat-up/ Zu allen wichtigen Links rund um Jonas und den Podcast: https://linktr.ee/jonas.rashedi

Technology promised us progress, and it delivered. But it also left us disconnected, distracted, and disheartened at the same time. With AI advancing faster than human adaptation or regulation, will it erode our humanity, or can it become the very tool that helps us flourish?In this episode of the Happiness Squad Podcast, Ashish Kothari sits down with Tamara Lechner to explore how AI can bridge the gap between what we know and what we practice in the pursuit of human flourishing.Tamara Lechner is a happiness expert, author, and global speaker. As Chair of the AI & Human Flourishing Working Group at Harvard, she helps leaders and organizations apply the science of flourishing to create meaningful, human-centered futures.In the conversation, Ashish and Tamara unpack how AI can either harm or uplift us, and what it will take for leaders, organizations, and individuals to put humans at the heart of this powerful technology.Things you will learn in this episode:• Why AI is both friend and foe depending on how we use it.• The three ethical AI pillars: productivity, protection from harm, and fairness.• The overlooked dimensions of flourishing AI must support• Why organizations—not just individuals—must own responsibility for burnout and culture.• How to shift from audience to activist in shaping the future of technologyJoin us in building a future where technology enhances humanity rather than diminishes it. Tune in now to hear how we can harness AI to truly help humans flourish.✅Resources:• How to make flourishing your competitive edge | Ashish Kothari | TEDxGreenhouse Road: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRV-2C-fkNg • AI for Human Flourishing: https://www.aiforhumanflourishing.com/• The Human Flourishing Program: https://hfh.fas.harvard.edu/ai-human-flourishing • Reframing employee health: Moving beyond burnout to holistic health by McKinsey Health Institute: https://www.mckinsey.com/mhi/our-insights/reframing-employee-health-moving-beyond-burnout-to-holistic-health• Conscious Capitalism Movement: https://www.consciouscapitalism.org/ • IEEE 7010: A New Standard for Assessing the Well-being Implications of Artificial Intelligence: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.06620 ✅Books:• The Happiness Reset: What to do When Nothing Makes You Happy by Tamara Lechner: https://a.co/d/gZY7eXu • Hardwired for Happiness: 9 Proven Practices to Overcome Stress and Live Your Best Life by Ashish Kothari: https://a.co/d/9LWxYmV

Send us a textWe recorded live at IMAPS with Siemens, ACM Research, Shellback Semiconductor, DECA, Nordson Electronic Solutions, and VIEW Micro Metrology to explore how AI demand, chiplets, and panels are reshaping advanced packaging. We dig into 3D BLOX, thermal and test roadblocks, green chemistries, metrology at scale, and why the back end now leads innovation. Listen to learn about:• The Siemens–ASE collaboration on 3D BLOX models and VIPACK workflows• Interoperable YAML-based packaging definitions moving toward IEEE standard• 3D stacking to cut picojoules per bit amid thermal and test limits• Panel-level packaging economics, sizes, and lack of standards• ACM Research updates in copper plating, bevel clean, frame clean, and compound deplating• Batch spray versus single wafer trade-offs at Shellback Semiconductor• HydrOzone green strip replacing legacy NMP in select flows•The  DECA–SST deal for NVM chiplet package and SoC disaggregation• Nordson Electronic Solutions' panel strategy, IntelliJet 1.1, Vantage platform, and warpage control• VIEW Micro Metrology's high-throughput telecentric metrology across wafers and large panelsLearn more at imaps.orgSupport the showBecome a sustaining member! Like what you hear? Follow us on LinkedIn and TwitterInterested in reaching a qualified audience of microelectronics industry decision-makers? Invest in host-read advertisements, and promote your company in upcoming episodes. Contact Françoise von Trapp to learn more. Interested in becoming a sponsor of the 3D InCites Podcast? Check out our 2024 Media Kit. Learn more about the 3D InCites Community and how you can become more involved.

Here's the uncomfortable truth: the AV industry is stuck. Proprietary protocols, ecosystem fragmentation, and vendor-specific bottlenecks are holding back innovation and killing your project margins. But what if one platform proved that true interoperability isn't just possible, it's essential?The video version of this podcast can be found here.Host Tim Albright and his industry expert guests bring you another must-watch AVWeek episode covering critical topics from the commercial AV world. This week, they're breaking down AV standards, exploring IEEE open standards, unpacking AV over IP technology, and revealing why transforming the AV industry is such an uphill battle.Host: Tim AlbrightGuests:Dawn Meade – Dawn on LinkedInJustin Watts – AMDSharath Abraham – JabraThis Week In AV:Commercial Integrator – Christie Digital sells Pandora's Box & Widget DesignerAV Magazine – Neat's new 32 Board AVNation – NSCA 2025 Industry ReportAV Magazine – 8K Space Feature Documentary from ChinarAVe Pubs – Sol Rashida to Keynote ISE 2026Roundtable Topics:AV Network – Single Pane AVAVNation – AV over IP in Higher EducationAV Magazine – AV/IT Support SavingSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Glasfaser ist die Königsklasse der Datenübertragung und in Deutschland behandeln wir sie wie ein Luxusgut. In dieser Folge des Elektrotechnik Podcast erklärt Dir Giancarlo the Teacher, wie LWL wirklich funktionieren, warum Kupfer längst ausgedient hat und was Du als Azubi, Meister oder Techniker über Netzwerke, Totalreflexion, Dämpfung und OTDR wissen musst.Zusätzlich erfährst Du alles Wichtige über Netzwerktypen wie PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN und GAN. Von der Smartwatch über Schulnetzwerke bis hin zum globalen Backbone.Ein Muss für Prüfung, Baustelle und Hirn.

A Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (Ufes) manteve, este ano, 13 pesquisadores na lista de cientistas mais influentes do mundo, segundo um levantamento realizado pela Universidade de Stanford, nos Estados Unidos. A classificação é baseada na quantidade de citações recebidas em artigos científicos ao longo do ano anterior. Para entender o que faz o trabalho destes especialistas ser tão bem reconhecido dentro e fora da sala de aula, a CBN Vitória dá continuidade à série de entrevistas especiais com os cientistas do Espírito Santo que se destacam internacionalmente.Entre os nomes da lista está o do professor do Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Anselmo Frizera Neto. Ele é Doutor em Eletrônica, senior member do Instituto de Engenheiros Eletricistas e Eletrônicos (IEEE). Com atuação na área de Engenharia Biomédica, ele coordena projetos que envolvem robótica de reabilitação, inteligência artificial, sensores de fibra óptica e realidade aumentada. Todos com o objetivo de promover a melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas que possuam algum tipo de limitação.“Pensar que a engenharia não é muito ‘humana', talvez, seja uma visão fria do que é engenharia. O tempo todo fazemos soluções para pessoas. Os desafios são buscar soluções tecnológicas para melhorar a qualidade de vida”, destaca. Ouça a conversa completa e entenda!

In today's episode, we have the pleasure to interview Caroline Stokes, author of AfterShock to 2030: A CEO's Guide to Reinvention in the Age of AI, Climate, and Societal Collapse.Caroline is a global leadership strategist, PCC-level executive coach, and a Sony alum who helped launch PlayStation. A leading voice on 5th Industrial Revolution leadership, she blends trauma-aware systems, emotionally intelligent AI, and adaptive intelligence to help CEOs reinvent for a polycrisis era. Her work has appeared in Harvard Business Review, Fast Company, and Forbes, and she's spoken at the World Bank, IEEE, and even the UN Peace Day celebration in Los Angeles.In this episode, you'll learn how to shift from old-paradigm playbooks to a 100-day transformation that rebuilds your organization from the inside out, why leaders must decarbonize habits (yes, even how we read) to build truly sustainable systems, and how to turn AI, climate shocks, and societal unrest into a strategic advantage with emotionally intelligent, ecosystem-first leadership.We hope you enjoy this incredible conversation with Caroline Stokes.To Learn More about Caroline and buy her book visit: The Book: https://a.co/d/03g9gbjWebsite/Socials:https://www.theforward.co/https://www.linkedin.com/in/ocarolinestokeshttps://x.com/oCarolineStokeshttps://www.instagram.com/ocarolinestokes/https://www.facebook.com/theforwardcohttps://www.threads.com/@ocarolinestokesChapters: 0:001:46 Building a future for the next generations5:26 Shocks on leadership levels from today's world changes10:19 Caroline's shocking experience in England & Singapore 14:24 We forget we've experienced profound change17:08 Evolving & embracing disruptions (human capital, technology, ecosystems)21:15 Book's environmental impact (and why her book is only digital)33:13 Read less & apply more (& reduce the environmental negative impact)37:26 How to adapt to the upcoming change (hint: curiosity & deep work)42:31 “Neuroplasticity is the meaning of life”________________________________________________Join the world's largest non-fiction Book community!https://www.instagram.com/bookthinkers/The purpose of this podcast is to connect you, the listener, with new books, new mentors, and new resources that will help you achieve more and live better. Each and every episode will feature one of the world's top authors so that you know each and every time you tune-in, there is something valuable to learn. If you have any recommendations for guests, please DM them to us on Instagram. (www.instagram.com/bookthinkers)If you enjoyed this show, please consider leaving a review. It takes less than 60-seconds of your time, and really makes a difference when I am trying to land new guests. For more BookThinkers content, check out our Instagram or our website. Thank you for your time!

Collège de FranceAnnée 2025-2026Colloque de rentrée 2025 - IA et sciences, allers-retours - L'intelligence du geste : du scalpel au robotJocelyne TroccazDirectrice de recherche émérite, CNRSRésuméL'excellence d'un chirurgien ou plus généralement d'un médecin interventionnel ne se résume pas à des capacités intellectuelles permettant de poser le bon diagnostic ou de choisir la bonne stratégie thérapeutique ; elle repose aussi sur la capacité du médecin à réaliser avec maîtrise et dextérité un geste opératoire impliquant son propre corps via ses mains et tous ses sens. Dans ce cadre, comme dans tant d'autres activités, l'outil conçu par l'esprit humain est venu prolonger sa main. Si le silex a permis de réaliser les premières trépanations il y a plusieurs milliers d'années, les interventions modernes intègrent robots, caméras et ordinateurs. C'est le domaine très interdisciplinaire du geste médico-chirurgical assisté par ordinateur, né avec l'imagerie 3D il y a environ un demi-siècle.Après une introduction du domaine et un bref panorama des évolutions tant au niveau des applications cliniques que des approches et outils développés, nous nous attarderons sur quelques travaux actuels et sur les défis pour le futur.Jocelyne Troccaz est directrice de recherche émérite du CNRS au laboratoire TIMC à Grenoble, France. Elle a obtenu un doctorat en informatique de l'Institut national polytechnique de Grenoble en 1986 sur le thème de la programmation automatique de robots pour la robotique industrielle et spatiale. Depuis 1990, elle se consacre exclusivement aux applications médicales. Son activité de recherche porte sur la robotique et l'imagerie médicales et plus généralement a pour objectif l'assistance pour le diagnostic et la thérapie. Elle entretient des collaborations étroites avec des équipes cliniques localisées à Grenoble et à Paris, et elle a apporté des innovations significatives dans plusieurs domaines cliniques (urologie, radiothérapie, chirurgie cardiaque, orthopédie, etc.). Grâce au transfert industriel, des centaines de milliers de patients, dans le monde entier, ont bénéficié des travaux qu'elle a conduits.Elle est membre fellow des sociétés savantes MICCAI (2010) et IEEE (2018). Elle a reçu le prix de l'Académie nationale de chirurgie (2014), la médaille d'argent du CNRS (2015), le prix MICCAI Enduring Impact (2022). Elle est chevalier de la Légion d'honneur (2016) et officier de l'Ordre national du mérite (2023). Elle est membre de l'Académie de chirurgie depuis 2014 et de l'Académie des sciences depuis 2022.

In June 2025 ST received its third IEEE plaque, which recognizes the system of integrated circuits that made Satellite Digital Radio a commercial and humanitarian reality.

Elliot Williams and Al Williams got together to share their favorite hacks of the week with you. If you listen in, you'll hear exciting news about the upcoming SuperCon and the rare occurrence of Al winning the What's That Sound game. For hacks, the guys talk about the IEEE's take on the "best" programming languages of 2025 and how they think AI is going to fundamentally transform the job of a programmer. On a lighter note, there's an industrial robot who retired to bartending, a minimal drum machine, a high-powered laser, and a Fortran flight simulator reborn with Unity 3D. In the "can't miss" category, you'll learn how not to switch Linux distributions and what to expect when you need surgery while on your next mission to outer space. There's lots more. Want to follow along? Check out the links below. As always, tell us what you think about this episode in the comments!

Donate (no account necessary) | Subscribe (account required) Join Bryan Dean Wright, former CIA Operations Officer, as he dives into today's top stories shaping America and the world. In this episode of The Wright Report, we cover Trump's viral sombrero memes targeting Democrats, the Pentagon's crackdown on leaks, fresh warnings for U.S. farmers and ranchers, the massive energy demands of AI, the arrest of Nord Stream saboteurs, Ukraine's push for Tomahawk missiles, Chinese mafia violence in Italy, Trump's Gaza peace deal, and even a rare case of good news about China's green energy trash. From mariachi memes to missile wars and mafia battles, today's brief connects the headlines shaping America and the world.   Trump's Sombrero Memes Spark Outrage: The White House posted AI videos mocking Democrats with sombreros and mustaches as they demanded $1 trillion for health care, part of which would go to migrants. VP JD Vance shrugged, saying, “Hakeem Jeffries said it was racist… but I honestly don't even know what that means.” GOP commentators called the memes “politically genius” for using humor to spotlight taxpayer costs.   Pentagon Orders Polygraphs to Stop Leaks: Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth now requires NDAs and random polygraph tests for all staff and contractors to crack down on leaks. Bryan cautions that “polygraphs are tools, not an oracle,” recalling how his first CIA test flagged him for feeling guilty about stealing junior high concession stand quarters.   Screwworm Outbreak Worsens in Mexico: Cases jumped 32 percent in September to 6,700, including 5,000 in cattle. Ranchers warn the deadly parasite could soon hit Texas and drive beef prices higher. Bryan urges, “Stock up now.”   Farmers and Trump Clash Over Argentina Soybeans: After Trump and Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent bailed out President Milei, Argentina sold $7 billion in soybeans to China, undercutting U.S. farmers. Trump promised a bailout using tariff funds, but Democrats are blocking the deal. Bryan calls it “a Mexican standoff” with farmers caught in the middle.   AI Revolution Requires 44 New Nuclear Reactors: The IEEE reports U.S. AI demand will equal the output of 44 new nuclear power plants within five years. Russia remains the top uranium supplier. Trump is expanding coal leases and equity stakes in mineral and energy companies, while Bryan slams Silicon Valley's AGI obsession: “Give me a little buddy I can train each day… not a know-it-all chatbot filled with junk data.”   Nord Stream Saboteur Arrested in Ukraine Plot: German officials detained a Ukrainian tied to the 2022 pipeline bombing, allegedly ordered by General Valery Zaluzhny. Defense may argue the sabotage was a legitimate act of war.   Ukraine Pushes for Tomahawk Missiles: Trump leans toward sending 1,500-mile Tomahawks for “kind-for-kind” strikes. Putin warned it would make America a direct combatant, with U.S. CIA and Special Forces bases likely targets. Bryan warns Russia could also strike from Mexico or use saboteurs posing as asylum seekers.   Chinese Mafia Wars in Italy: Gun battles erupt in Prato as Chinese gangs fight over the $115 million hanger market for Italy's fast fashion industry. The city's Chinese population exploded from 500 in 1990 to 40,000 today, fueling Beijing-backed mafia influence.   Hamas Has Hours to Accept Trump's Gaza Plan: Qatar, Turkey, and Egypt told Hamas to accept Trump's deal or lose support. Turkey may gain F-35 jets and Egypt may see Trump pause recognition of Somaliland in return. Bryan says, “We are on a knife's edge… pray for peace.”   China Finds a Use for Dirty Green Energy Trash: Beijing is planting old wind turbine blades in the Gobi Desert to block sand dunes, creating a “New Great Wall of China.” Bryan admits, “It makes me sad to report it, but this one actually works.”   "And you shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free." - John 8:32     Keywords: Trump sombrero memes Hakeem Jeffries, JD Vance sombrero quote, Pete Hegseth Pentagon polygraph leaks, screwworm outbreak Mexico Texas beef, Argentina soybeans Milei China sales, Trump tariff farmer bailout, AI nuclear power IEEE report, Trump mineral wars coal leases, Nord Stream pipeline sabotage Zaluzhny, Ukraine Tomahawk missile request Trump, Putin warns U.S. combatant, Chinese mafia Prato Italy fast fashion, Trump Gaza peace plan Hamas Qatar Turkey Egypt, China wind turbine blades Gobi Desert

Show Summary:You are in for a treat! Do you have someone in your life that is interested in video games or game development? Claire talks with Aaron Thibault, the director of The LIVE Lab which is a research lab at Texas A&M University in the College of Performance, Visualization and Fine Arts where students learn to create interactive learning experiences while getting real industry experience. Hear his story along with the impact that game-based learning can have on learning as well as some ways you as a teacher can bring LIVE Lab projects to your classroom.About Aaron Thibault, LIVE Lab Director: Aaron Thibault is a game developer, educator and researcher who focuses on the innovation of game-based technologies that support learning and deep representations of people, environments and complex interactive scenarios. He was a key leader for the mega-franchise “Borderlands,” developed retention techniques and story pipelines for the first massive multiplayer game “Ultima Online,” and created the Digital Warrior game-based learning platform for the US Army as part of a joint TAMU-UT Austin “UXXI” digital transformation initiative. He organized and advised foundational research at his Digital Media CoLab including rtNEAT, a breakthrough real-time evolutionary neural network technique invented by Ken Stanley and an example of a core research invention that can only occur with support of a lab-based game development team. Aaron also helped start and managed the world's first graduate degree program for games, The Guildhall at SMU, and is an ACM SIGGRAPH Pioneer and former IEEE virtual reality program chair.About Texas A&M's LIVE Lab: The LIVE Lab is a research lab at Texas A&M University in the College of Performance, Visualization and Fine Arts where students learn to create interactive learning experiences while getting real industry experience. With the help of subject matter experts and instructional designers, students collaborate to make high-quality digital learning experiences, touching on every aspect of professional development including design, concept art, 3D modeling, development and management.Links from the Show:Related The STEM Space Podcast Episodes 68. Game Based Learning with André Thomas110. How to Implement Game-Based Learning ft. André ThomasVivify STEM Blog Posts Best Free AI Tools for EducatorsHow to Teach STEM Through A Story10 Must Have STEM ToolsVivify STEM LessonsIntro to Coding STEM ActivityTechnology Choice Boards FREE! - Using Geometry to Build a Safe Shelter!Other STEM ResourcesAaron Thibault | LinkedInTexas A&M LIVE LabA&M-developed calculus video game helps students pass, pursue STEM careersVariant: Limits Educational Trailer (YouTube)Variant: Limits (game)Train gamePrisms gameStudy: Learning Exponential Functions With Immersive Virtual Reality: Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial as Part of the Prisms NSF SBIR Phase II ProjectThe Stanley Parable gameCortopia and Beyond Frames Wands AlliancesQuick TipsTHE STEM SPACE SHOWNOTESTHE STEM SPACE FACEBOOK GROUPVIVIFY INSTAGRAMVIVIFY FACEBOOKVIVIFY XVIVIFY TIKTOKVIVIFY YOUTUBE

End-to-end encrypted (E2EE) messaging on the Internet allows encrypted messages to be sent from one sender to one or multiple recipients in a way that cannot be decrypted by anybody else - arguably not even the messaging service provider itself. The protocol of choice is Signal that invokes and puts in place several cryptographic primitives in new and ingenious ways. Besides the messenger of the same name, the Signal protocol is also used by WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, Wire, and many more. As such, it marks the gold standard and state of the art when it comes to E2EE messaging on the Internet.To make it scalable and useful for large groups, the IETF has also standardized a complementary protocol named messaging layer security (MLS). In this talk, we outline the history of development and mode of operation of both the Signal and MLS protocols, and we elaborate on the next challenges for the future. About the speaker: Rolf Oppliger studied computer science, mathematics, and economics at the University of Bern, Switzerland, where he received M.Sc. (1991) and Ph.D. (1993) degrees in computer science. In 1994-95, he was a post-doctoral researcher at the International Computer Science Institute (ICSI) of UC Berkeley, USA. In 1999, he received the venia legendi for computer science from the University of Zurich, Switzerland, where he was appointed adjunct professor in 2007. The focus of his professional activities is on technical information security and privacy. In these areas, he has published 18 books and many scientific articles and papers, regularly participates at conferences and workshops, served on the editorial boards of some leading magazines and journals, and has been the editor of the Artech House information security and privacy book series since its beginning (in the year 2000). He's the founder and owner of eSECURITY Technologies Rolf Oppliger, works for the Swiss National Cyber Security Centre NCSC, and teaches at the University of Zurich. He was a senior member of the ACM and the IEEE, as well as a member of the IEEE Computer Society and the IACR. He also served as vice-chair of the IFIP TC 11 working group on network security.

In this episode of ACM ByteCast, Bruke Kifle hosts 2024 ACM Prize in Computing recipient Torsten Hoefler, a Professor of Computer Science at ETH Zurich (the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), where he serves as Director of the Scalable Parallel Computing Laboratory. He is also the Chief Architect for AI and Machine Learning at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS). His honors include the Max Planck-Humboldt Medal, an award for outstanding mid-career scientists; the IEEE CS Sidney Fernbach Award, which recognizes outstanding contributions in the application of high-performance computers; and the ACM Gordon Bell Prize, which recognizes outstanding achievement in high-performance computing. He is a member of the European Academy of Sciences (Academia Europaea), a Fellow of IEEE, and a Fellow of ACM. In the interview, Torsten reminisces on early interest with multiple computers to solve problems faster and on building large cluster systems in graduate school that were later turned into supercomputers. He also delves into high-performance computing (HPC) and its central role in simulation and modeling across all modern sciences. Bruke and Torsten cover the various requirements that power HPC, the intersection of HPC and recent innovations in AI, and his key contributions in popularizing 3D parallelism for training AI models. Torsten highlights challenges, such as AI's propensity to cheat, as well as the promise of turning reasoning models into scientific collaborators. He also offers advice to young researchers on balancing academic learning with industry exposure. We want to hear from you!

Ryan Julian is a research scientist in embodied AI. He worked on large-scale robotics foundation models at DeepMind and got his PhD in machine learning at USC in 2021. In our conversation today, we discuss… What makes a robot a robot, and what makes robotics so difficult, The promise of robotic foundation models and strategies to overcome the data bottleneck, Why full labor replacement is far less likely than human-robot synergy, China's top players in the robotic industry, and what sets them apart from American companies and research institutions, How robots will impact manufacturing, and how quickly we can expect to see robotics take off. O*NET's ontology of labor: http://onetcenter.org/database.html ChinaTalk's Unitree coverage: https://www.chinatalk.media/p/unitree-ceo-on-chinas-robot-revolution Robotics reading recommendations: Chris Paxton, Ted Xiao, C Zhang, and The Humanoid Hub on X. You can also check out the General Robots and Learning and Control Substacks, Vincent Vanhoucke on Medium, and IEEE's robotics coverage. Today's podcast is brought to you by 80,000 Hours, a nonprofit that helps people find fulfilling careers that do good. 80,000 Hours — named for the average length of a career — has been doing in-depth research on AI issues for over a decade, producing reports on how the US and China can manage existential risk, scenarios for potential AI catastrophe, and examining the concrete steps you can take to help ensure AI development goes well. Their research suggests that working to reduce risks from advanced AI could be one of the most impactful ways to make a positive difference in the world. They provide free resources to help you contribute, including: Detailed career reviews for paths like AI safety technical research, AI governance, information security, and AI hardware, A job board with hundreds of high-impact opportunities, A podcast featuring deep conversations with experts like Carl Shulman, Ajeya Cotra, and Tom Davidson, Free, one-on-one career advising to help you find your best fit. To learn more and access their research-backed career guides, visit 80000hours.org/ChinaTalk. To read their report about AI coordination between the US and China, visit http://80000hours.org/chinatalkcoord. Outro music: Daft Punk - Motherboard (⁠YouTube Link⁠) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Ryan Julian is a research scientist in embodied AI. He worked on large-scale robotics foundation models at DeepMind and got his PhD in machine learning at USC in 2021. In our conversation today, we discuss… What makes a robot a robot, and what makes robotics so difficult, The promise of robotic foundation models and strategies to overcome the data bottleneck, Why full labor replacement is far less likely than human-robot synergy, China's top players in the robotic industry, and what sets them apart from American companies and research institutions, How robots will impact manufacturing, and how quickly we can expect to see robotics take off. O*NET's ontology of labor: http://onetcenter.org/database.html ChinaTalk's Unitree coverage: https://www.chinatalk.media/p/unitree-ceo-on-chinas-robot-revolution Robotics reading recommendations: Chris Paxton, Ted Xiao, C Zhang, and The Humanoid Hub on X. You can also check out the General Robots and Learning and Control Substacks, Vincent Vanhoucke on Medium, and IEEE's robotics coverage. Today's podcast is brought to you by 80,000 Hours, a nonprofit that helps people find fulfilling careers that do good. 80,000 Hours — named for the average length of a career — has been doing in-depth research on AI issues for over a decade, producing reports on how the US and China can manage existential risk, scenarios for potential AI catastrophe, and examining the concrete steps you can take to help ensure AI development goes well. Their research suggests that working to reduce risks from advanced AI could be one of the most impactful ways to make a positive difference in the world. They provide free resources to help you contribute, including: Detailed career reviews for paths like AI safety technical research, AI governance, information security, and AI hardware, A job board with hundreds of high-impact opportunities, A podcast featuring deep conversations with experts like Carl Shulman, Ajeya Cotra, and Tom Davidson, Free, one-on-one career advising to help you find your best fit. To learn more and access their research-backed career guides, visit 80000hours.org/ChinaTalk. To read their report about AI coordination between the US and China, visit http://80000hours.org/chinatalkcoord. Outro music: Daft Punk - Motherboard (⁠YouTube Link⁠) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Industrial Talk is onsite at DistribuTech 2025 and talking to Jason Cunningham, VP Business Development at Power Grid Components about "Ensuring Power Quality". Scott Mackenzie hosts an industrial podcast from Distribute Tech in Dallas, Texas, sponsored by Siemens. He interviews Jason Cunningham from Power Grid Components (PGC), who has 19 years of experience in the industry. PGC, formed in 2017, owns eight to nine companies and focuses on providing compatible solutions for utilities and renewables. Cunningham discusses the Syncrotec MDX, a device that mitigates inrush current when switching into a transformer, addressing voltage sags. The device, which has been on the market for about 10 years, can be installed in various switchgear and is compatible with different manufacturers. It stores operational data for up to 500 operations, with the Supertech Plus storing up to 2000 operations. Cunningham can be contacted via LinkedIn for more information. Action Items [ ] Reach out to Siemens for more information on their smart infrastructure and grid software solutions. [ ] Connect with Jason Cunningham on LinkedIn to learn more about the Syncrotec MDX product. Outline Introduction and Welcome to Industrial Talk Podcast Speaker 1 introduces Scott Mackenzie and the Industrial Talk Podcast, emphasizing its focus on industry innovations and professionals. Scott MacKenzie welcomes listeners, highlighting the importance of industry professionals and their contributions to making the world better. The podcast is broadcasting from Distribute Tech in Dallas, Texas, and is sponsored by Siemens, smart infrastructure, and grid software. Scott MacKenzie introduces Jason Cunningham from PGC, who is in the "hot seat" for the interview. Jason Cunningham's Background and Role at PGC Jason Cunningham introduces himself, mentioning his 19 years of experience in the industry, including selling high-voltage circuit breakers and circuit switchers. Jason recently joined Power Grid Components (PGC) to help integrate products into the US market. PGC owns about eight or nine companies within the industry, formed in 2017 to provide compatible solutions for utilities and renewables. Jason explains that PGC's goal is to offer compatible products that can support each other, providing solutions to end-users. Introduction to Syncrotec MDX and Its Functionality Jason introduces the Syncrotec MDX, a device that can be applied to any switchgear component, such as a circuit breaker, recloser, or circuit switcher. The Syncrotec MDX mitigates the inrush current when switching into a transformer, addressing the issue of voltage sags or drops. Scott MacKenzie and Jason discuss the importance of power quality and how the Syncrotec MDX helps maintain it. Jason mentions the IEEE 1547 standard, which is gaining traction and addresses power quality issues in large wind or solar farms. Installation and Compatibility of Syncrotec MDX Jason explains the installation process of the Syncrotec MDX, which involves working with the manufacturer of the switchgear to set the timing of the unit. The device can be installed remotely, and PGC can dial it in slightly on-site to ensure it is ready to go. Jason highlights the agnostic nature of the Syncrotec MDX, which can be used with various switchgear manufacturers and voltage levels. The Syncrotec MDX can handle voltage levels up to 1100 KV, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. Future Prospects and Additional...

In this episode of ACM ByteCast, Bruke Kifle hosts 2024 ACM Athena Lecturer and ACM Eugene L. Lawler Award recipient Maja Matarić, the Chan Soon-Shiong Chaired and Distinguished Professor of Computer Science, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics at the University of Southern California (USC), and a Principal Scientist at Google DeepMind. Maja is a roboticist and AI researcher known for her work in human-robot interaction for socially assistive robotics, a field she pioneered. She is the founding director of the USC Robotics and Autonomous Systems Center and co-director of the USC Robotics Research Lab. Maja is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AMACAD), Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), IEEE, AAAI, and ACM. She received the US Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Mentoring (PAESMEM) from President Obama in 2011. She also received the Okawa Foundation, NSF Career, the MIT TR35 Innovation, the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Early Career, and the Anita Borg Institute Women of Vision Innovation Awards, among others, and is an ACM Distinguished Lecturer. She is featured in the documentary movie Me & Isaac Newton. In the interview, Maja talks about moving to the U.S. from Belgrade, Serbia and how her early interest in both computer and behavioral sciences led her to socially assistive robotics, a field she saw as measurably helpful. She discusses the challenges of social assistance as compared to physical assistance and why progress in the field is slow. Maja explains why Generative AI is conducive to creating socially engaging robots, and touches on the issues of privacy, bias, ethics, and personalization in the context of assistive robotics. She also shares some concerns about the future, such as the dehumanization of AI interactions, and also what she's looking forward to in the field. We want to hear from you!

我觉得只要你用过电脑，你就应该用过WinRAR这款软件。这几乎是人尽皆知的压缩软件。它的故事，可以说是一部由天才程序员、一个独特的商业模式和时代需求共同谱写的传奇。大家好，我是栋哥，咱们又见面了。天才程序员的杰作WinRAR的核心，源于一位名叫尤金·罗谢尔（Eugene Roshal）的俄罗斯程序员。他出生于1972年，毕业于俄罗斯的南乌拉尔州立大学。在90年代初，个人电脑正在普及，但硬盘空间却非常宝贵，因此文件压缩技术成为了当时的热点。当时，市面上最流行的压缩格式是大家都很熟悉的ZIP格式，它由菲尔·卡茨（Phil Katz）创造。关于Phil Katz的故事，在我的电台的第72期天才与酒鬼，自私与无畏中已经讲过了，有兴趣的，可以去听听。然而，罗谢尔认为他可以做得更好。他着手开发一种新的压缩算法，目标是实现更高的压缩率和更强的数据恢复能力。这个算法的成果，就是RAR——Roshal ARchive（罗谢尔的归档）的缩写。好的，我们来详细介绍一下尤金·罗谢尔（Eugene Roshal），这位在软件世界中鼎鼎大名，却又异常低调的传奇程序员。他的故事充满了天才式的创造和一种独特的专注，正是这种专注，让他缔造了全球数亿人电脑中不可或缺的工具——WinRAR。个人简介与教育背景尤金·罗谢尔（全名：Yevgeniy Lazarevich Roshal，俄语：Евгений Лазаревич Рошал）于1972年3月10日出生在俄罗斯的工业城市车里雅宾斯克（Chelyabinsk）。这个城市有个著名的事件，在2013年的时候，一颗直径约18米、重达上万吨的小行星以超过6万公里/小时的超高速冲入地球大气层。它在车里雅宾斯克州上空约23公里的高空发生了剧烈的爆炸解体，形成了一个比太阳还要耀眼的超级火球。他毕业于南乌拉尔州立大学（South Ural State University），这是一所以技术和工程见长的学府。大学期间，他主修的是计算机工程相关的专业，这为他日后在软件开发领域取得的巨大成就打下了坚实的理论基础。然而，关于他的个人生活、兴趣爱好甚至一张清晰的照片都极难在公开渠道找到。他是一位典型的“代码背后的人”，选择让自己的作品替他发声，自己则远离公众的聚光灯，专注于技术的世界。这种低调和神秘，也为他的传奇增添了一抹独特的色彩。三大杰作：RAR, WinRAR, 和 FAR Manager尤金·罗谢尔的职业生涯主要以他创造的三个核心软件产品而闻名：RAR 压缩算法 (1993年)RAR 是 Roshal ARchive（罗谢尔的归档）的缩写，直接以他的姓氏命名。在90年代初，ZIP是主流的压缩格式。但罗谢尔认为可以创造出一种压缩率更高、容错性更强的算法。RAR算法因此诞生，它在技术上追求极致，尤其是在固实压缩（Solid Archiving）和数据恢复能力上，超越了当时的竞争者。罗谢尔公开了解压RAR文件的源代码（UnRAR），任何人都可以基于它开发解压功能，这也是为什么7-Zip、Bandizip等众多软件都能解压RAR文件的原因。但是，压缩RAR文件的算法至今仍是**专有（Proprietary）**的，并未开源。这意味着，要创建一个标准的RAR压缩包，理论上只能使用官方发布的软件。WinRAR 图形界面压缩软件 (1995年)随着Windows 95的发布，图形化操作界面成为主流。罗谢尔顺应潮流，为他的RAR算法开发了Windows下的图形化前端——WinRAR。巨大成功： WinRAR凭借其强大的功能（如分卷压缩、加密、强大的恢复记录）和对多种格式的兼容性，迅速风靡全球，成为了压缩软件的代名词。它的图标——三本被皮带捆绑的书，也成为了电脑用户最熟悉的符号之一。FAR Manager (1996年)高手的工具： 在开发WinRAR之后，罗谢尔还创造了另一款备受程序员和高级用户推崇的软件——FAR Manager。它是一个在Windows环境下运行的文本界面文件管理器，类似于经典的Norton Commander。特点： FAR Manager极其高效、可通过插件高度定制，对于需要频繁操作大量文件、注重键盘效率的用户来说，至今仍是一款“神器”。这也从侧面反映了罗谢尔本人作为一名硬核程序员的技术品味和开发理念。独特的“兄弟会”商业模式尤金·罗谢尔创造了软件，但商业上的事情他似乎并不关心。这就要提到他的哥哥——亚历山大·罗谢尔（Alexander Roshal）。为了能让自己全身心地投入到软件开发中，尤金将RAR算法和WinRAR软件的版权以及商业运营权，完全交给了他的哥哥亚历山大。这种兄弟间的明确分工，形成了一种非常高效且稳固的合作模式：弟弟尤金： 专注于技术，负责软件的开发、更新和维护，不断打磨产品。哥哥亚历山大： 负责商业决策，包括软件的许可、销售、市场推广以及法务问题。正是这种模式，让尤金可以几十年如一日地做他最擅长和最热爱的事情，而不被商业世界的琐事分心。这也解释了为什么WinRAR能在如此长的时间里保持高质量的更新。一个几乎“隐形”的开发者尤金·罗谢尔是互联网上最成功的软件开发者之一，但也是最低调的一个。你找不到任何关于他的专访，也看不到他在技术大会上发表演讲。他的所有交流，似乎都通过软件的更新日志和哥哥亚历山大的商业实体来完成。他不像比尔·盖茨或林纳斯·托瓦兹（Linux创始人）那样成为公众人物，而是选择了一种“事了拂衣去，深藏功与名”的方式。对他而言，最重要的事情可能就是不断优化代码，解决技术难题，并为全球用户提供一个稳定、强大的工具。尤金·罗谢尔是一位纯粹的技术极客和天才程序员。他用代码定义了自己，用卓越的产品影响了世界，同时又成功地将自己隐藏在了这些产品背后，保持着一个开发者最纯粹和专注的状态。1993年，第一个版本的RAR格式和对应的命令行程序发布了。它凭借比ZIP更高的压缩率，很快在技术爱好者中获得了关注。但真正让RAR走向大众的，是图形化操作系统的兴起。WinRAR的诞生与崛起随着Windows 95的巨大成功，图形界面成为了主流。罗谢尔看到了这个机遇，与他的兄弟亚历山大·罗谢尔（Alexander Roshal）合作，在1995年4月22日，正式发布了为Windows系统量身定做的压缩软件——WinRAR。WinRAR不仅仅是给RAR算法加了一个“壳”，它还带来了许多革命性的功能，使其在与WinZip等软件的竞争中脱颖而出。相比早期ZIP格式在处理非英文字符时可能出现的乱码问题，RAR格式对Unicode的良好支持，让它在中国用户中迅速赢得了口碑。“永不过期”的试用：一个独特的商业模式WinRAR最让用户津津乐道的，莫过于它那“名存实亡”的40天试用期。从法律上讲，WinRAR是一款共享软件（Shareware），用户可以免费下载和试用40天。40天后，每次启动软件，都会弹出一个窗口，提醒你购买许可。但有趣的是，即使你不购买，软件的所有功能依然可以正常使用，只是需要多点一下鼠标关掉那个弹窗。这种看似“佛系”的策略，实际上是一种非常高明的商业模式：“永不过期”的试用让WinRAR得以在全世界，尤其是在对软件付费意愿较低的地区，实现病毒式的传播，几乎成为了个人电脑的“装机必备”软件，培养了数以亿计的用户习惯。对于个人用户，官方采取了“闭两只眼”的态度。但对于注重软件合规和版权的企业用户，购买许可是必须的。庞大的个人用户基础，使得WinRAR在企业市场拥有极高的知名度和认可度，从而保证了稳定的收入。中国区的特色模式： WinRAR在中国区由代理商运营，并且探索出了独特的盈利方式。早期，它与下载站捆绑，后来则在软件中加入了广告弹窗。虽然这些弹窗有时会打扰用户，但也确实让这款“免费”软件得以在中国持续运营和更新。压缩的原理压缩的原理是一个非常有趣的话题，它是我们数字世界的基石之一。无论是发送照片、听音乐，还是打包文件，背后都离不开压缩技术。我们可以将压缩的原理归结为一个核心思想和两大主要分支。核心思想：消除“冗余”所有数据压缩的根本目的，都是为了消除信息中的“冗余”部分，从而用更少的数据位（bit）来表达相同或近似的信息。“冗余”可以理解为数据中重复的、可预测的、或不那么重要的部分。想象一下这个句子：猫猫说：“喵喵喵喵喵。”这句话里有大量的冗余。我们可以用一种更聪明的方式来记录它，比如：猫(重复)说：“喵(重复5次)。”你看，我们用更短的描述表达了完全相同的信息。计算机压缩算法做的也是类似的事情，只是它们处理的是由0和1组成的数据流，并且方法要复杂和高效得多。两大分支：无损压缩 vs. 有损压缩根据压缩后能否完美地恢复原始数据，压缩技术被分为两大阵营。无损压缩 (Lossless Compression)顾名思义，无损压缩可以100%地、完美地将压缩后的数据还原成原始数据，不会丢失任何一点信息。寻找数据中统计学上的冗余。它通过识别数据中的重复模式和规律，并用更短的符号来表示它们。常见算法举例：行程长度编码 (Run-Length Encoding, RLE)： 这是最简单的压缩算法。它会寻找连续重复的数据，并将其记录为“某个数据 + 重复次数”。原始数据：AAAAABBBBBBBWWWWRLE压缩后：A5B7W4 （5个A，7个B，4个W）这种方法对简单的图形（如logo、图标）非常有效，但对内容复杂的文本效果不佳。哈夫曼编码 (Huffman Coding)： 一种基于统计的巧妙方法。它会分析数据中所有元素（比如文本中的字符）出现的频率，给出现频率最高的元素分配最短的编码，给出现频率最低的元素分配最长的编码。在英文中，字母 e 出现的频率远高于 z。标准编码（ASCII）中，e 和 z 都占用8个bit。但哈夫曼编码可能会给 e 分配一个2-bit的编码，而给 z 分配一个10-bit的编码。总体算下来，整个文件就会小很多。LZ系列算法 (Lempel-Ziv)： 这是目前最主流的无损压缩算法，是 WinRAR、ZIP、7z 等软件的核心。它的原理是建立一个“字典”。当算法在数据中前进时，它会不断地将遇到的新词组存入字典。如果再次遇到这个词组，它就不再存储词组本身，而是存一个指向字典里该词组的简短“指针”（例如，“回到前面第X个位置，复制Y个长度的数据”）。在20世纪70年代，数据存储和传输的成本非常高昂。当时主流的压缩技术是基于统计学的，其中最著名的是哈夫曼编码（Huffman Coding）。哈夫曼编码的原理是分析数据中字符出现的频率，给高频字符分配短编码，给低频字符分配长编码，从而实现压缩。这种方法很有效，但有一个核心前提：你必须预先知道数据的统计特性，或者需要扫描两遍数据（第一遍统计频率，第二遍进行编码）。这使得它对于实时传输的数据流，或者内容特性不断变化的复杂文件来说，显得不够灵活和高效。当时的科学家们正在寻求一种更通用的、适应性更强的压缩方法，一种不需要预先了解数据内容就能工作的“通用算法”（Universal Algorithm）。故事的主角是两位来自以色列理工学院（Technion – Israel Institute of Technology）的学者：亚伯拉罕·蓝波（Abraham Lempel）和雅各布·立夫（Jacob Ziv）他们两人致力于信息论和数据压缩的研究，并构想出了一种革命性的新方法。核心思想：用数据自身作为“字典”Lempel和Ziv的核心创想是颠覆性的：为什么我们需要一个预先定义的、固定的编码本（字典）呢？我们完全可以用数据自身来动态地创建这个字典！他们的基本逻辑是：在一段不完全随机的数据中，某些字符串序列很可能会重复出现。如果我们能找到这些重复的部分，并用一个简短的“引用”来替代后面的重复序列，就能实现压缩。这个“引用”就相当于告诉解压程序：“回到前面第X个位置，复制Y个长度的数据”。基于这个核心思想，他们在信息论领域的顶级期刊《IEEE Transactions on Information Theory》上连续发表了两篇里程碑式的论文，分别提出了两种具体的实现算法。1. LZ77算法 (1977年)1977年，他们发表了题为《A Universal Algorithm for Sequential Data Compression》（一种用于序列数据的通用算法）的论文，正式提出了LZ77算法。滑动窗口（Sliding Window） LZ77的实现方式非常巧妙。它在数据流中维护一个“滑动窗口”，这个窗口分为两部分：一部分是刚刚处理过的历史数据（作为“字典”），另一部分是即将要处理的待编码数据。 算法会努力在历史数据中为待编码数据寻找最长的匹配项。如果找到了，就输出一个指向历史数据的（距离，长度）对；如果找不到，就直接输出原始字符。这个“滑动窗口”的思想成为了后续许多压缩算法的基石，包括大名鼎鼎的 DEFLATE 算法，后者正是我们今天每天都在使用的 ZIP、GZIP 和 PNG 等格式的核心。2. LZ78算法 (1978年)一年后，即1978年，他们又发表了第二篇论文《Compression of Individual Sequences via Variable-Rate Coding》，提出了对前一思想的另一种实现——LZ78算法。显式构建字典（Explicit Dictionary） 与LZ77不同，LZ78不再使用滑动窗口，而是从头开始，逐步地、显式地构建一个字典。它会不断读取新的字符串，如果这个字符串不在字典里，就把它添加进去，并输出（字典中上一个匹配项的索引 + 当前新字符）。LZ78的思路更清晰，也更容易在硬件中实现。它直接催生了一个非常重要的商业化变体——LZW算法（Lempel-Ziv-Welch）。LZW由美国学者Terry Welch在1984年对LZ78进行了优化，后来被广泛应用于GIF图片格式和早期的Unix compress命令中，是计算机数据压缩技术第一次大规模普及的功臣。Lempel-Ziv算法的由来，可以看作是数据压缩技术从“静态统计模型”向“动态字典模型”的一次革命性转变。它摆脱了对数据先验知识的依赖，是一种真正自适应的“通用”压缩算法。LZ77和LZ78这两种看似不同但思想相通的实现，为后来的压缩技术发展开辟了两条主要道路。从ZIP文件到PNG图片，从网络传输到数据存储，我们今天的数字生活几乎无处不在地享受着Lempel和Ziv这两位学者在40多年前的开创性工作所带来的便利。为了表彰他们的贡献，IEEE在2004年将他们的算法命名为“IEEE里程碑”。我为什么对这个压缩算法比较了解，这与我曾经参与过的一个项目有关。在我读研究生的时候，Sony的PlayStation 3发布，里面用的CPU叫Cell，是三家公司合作研发的，这3家公司分别是Sony，Toshiba和IBM，简称STI联盟。这个Cell的CPU非常奇怪，当时大家都是搞对称多核，比如2个，4个，8个，16个核心，但是这个Cell是9核心。传统CPU就像一个（或几个）能力全面的“大管家”，每个核心都能处理各种复杂的任务。而Cell的设计则像是一个一个大管家带着八个小专家的团队。1个“大管家” - PPE (Power Processing Element): 这是一个基于IBM PowerPC架构的通用核心，相对传统，负责运行操作系统、协调任务和处理常规逻辑。它的任务是“发号施令”。8个“小专家” - SPE (Synergistic Processing Elements): 这才是Cell的精髓所在。每个SPE都是一个精简但高效的矢量处理器，它们不处理复杂的通用任务，只专注于一件事：大规模的并行浮点运算。这正是3D图形、物理模拟和视频编解码等任务最需要的计算能力。它们负责“干苦力活”。理论上，当PPE将任务完美地分解并分配给8个SPE（PS3中为确保良率，只启用了7个）协同工作时，Cell能爆发出远超同期传统CPU的恐怖计算性能，其浮点运算能力在当时达到了惊人的230 GFLOPS，这在消费级产品中是前所未闻的。但是，这对编程来说是个灾难。Cell的理论性能无比强大，但要将其转化为实际的游戏画面，却给游戏开发者们带来了巨大的痛苦，甚至被形容为“地狱般的编程体验”。但是也要推广啊，IBM就到学校里去推广这个Cell，先从学生入手。提交了就有2000还是3000的钱，如果再得一个奖，就更多了，我就跟2个同学去报名了，不管会不会，先报上名再说。反正大家都不会。每个SPE都拥有自己的一块高速但极小的本地内存（256KB）。开发者必须手动编写代码，将需要处理的数据从主内存搬运到SPE的本地内存，计算完成后再手动搬回去。这个过程极其繁琐且极易出错，稍有不慎就会导致严重的性能瓶颈。如何将一个复杂的游戏任务（如物理计算、AI、音频处理）完美地拆分成多个子任务，并让所有SPE高效地协同工作，这对程序员的并行编程能力提出了前所未有的高要求。我们3个的目标是拿到这个钱，就做了一个相对简单的，把7-zip这个开源的代码，移植到这个Cell上跑，然后证明这个Cell确实比单核的NB。后来我们确实拿到了钱，每个人分了1000块。不过也让我意识到，多核编程并不适合所有的任务。LZMA是字典式压缩，压缩过程中的每一步都严重依赖前一步的结果。算法需要不断地在巨大的“字典”（刚压缩过的数据）中回头查找最长的匹配项，这个过程是线性的、串行的，很难拆分成8个独立的并行任务。 压缩算法充满了对比特和字节的操作、整数计算以及复杂的逻辑判断，几乎不涉及浮点运算。而SPE是为海量的浮点数学运算而生的，这是图形学和科学计算的核心。SPE的内部逻辑单元很简单，没有复杂的“分支预测”等功能，它喜欢执行重复、直接的指令。SPE依赖于从主内存到其256KB本地小内存的高速数据传输（DMA）。它最喜欢可预测的、连续的数据块。而LZMA的随机字典查找会彻底破坏这种模式，导致SPE不断地请求零碎、不连续的数据，大部分时间都浪费在等待数据“喂”到嘴里，而不是在计算。最终，所有这些复杂的、无法并行的逻辑和任务调度都只能由那个唯一的“大管家”PPE来处理。而PPE本身只是一个性能尚可的通用核心，它很快就会不堪重负，成为整个系统的瓶颈，而那8个强大的SPE“专家”却无事可做。用Cell跑7-Zip，是一种典型的“让英雄无用武之地”的场景，无法发挥Cell的任何架构优势，最终的性能表现自然也不会理想。这恰好证明了在计算机世界里，“最合适的”远比“理论上最强大的”更加重要。有损压缩 (Lossy Compression)有损压缩则会永久性地、有选择地丢弃一部分数据，以换取极高的压缩率。当然，它丢弃的不是随机数据，而是人眼或人耳最不敏感的数据。利用人类感官的生理和心理特性（心理声学模型和心理视觉模型）。我们的感官系统并非完美，对某些信息的感知能力有限，有损压缩正是利用了这一点。常见算法举例：JPEG (图片)人的眼睛对亮度的敏感度远高于对色彩的敏感度。JPEG会保留大部分亮度信息，但会将一些相近的色彩“合并”成同一种颜色，从而大大减少数据量。对于一张色彩丰富的照片，这种细微的色彩损失你几乎无法察觉。它会将图像分解成不同频率的波形，并大量丢弃代表图像细节（如纹理）的高频部分，因为人眼对平滑的低频部分更敏感。MP3 (音频)利用“遮蔽效应”，这是心理声学的核心。当一个很强的声音（比如鼓声）和一个很弱的声音（比如微弱的弦乐）同时出现时，你的耳朵很可能只能听到那个强的声音。MP3编码器就会聪明地把那个你反正也听不到的弱声音直接从数据中剔除掉。MPEG/H.264 (视频)视频压缩是集大成者。它不仅会对每一帧图像进行类似JPEG的有损压缩，更重要的是，它会分析帧与帧之间的差别。如果画面中只有一个人在说话，背景是静止的，那么压缩器就没必要把每一帧的背景都重新存一遍。它只会存储一次背景，然后只记录接下来几帧中发生变化的部分（比如嘴部的动作）。简单来说，当你需要保证数据的绝对保真时，选择无损压缩；当你追求更小的文件体积且能接受微小质量损失时，有损压缩是更好的选择。这两类技术共同协作，才支撑起了我们今天高效便捷的数字生活。WinRAR的核心算法属于无损压缩技术。更具体地说，它主要基于大名鼎鼎的 LZ系列算法（Lempel-Ziv），并在此基础上进行了大量的优化和改进，形成了自己独特的、专有的压缩算法。WinRAR的算法是一种高度优化的、专有的无损压缩技术。它以LZ系列字典式压缩为核心，并融合了固实压缩、特定数据预处理等多种先进技术，使其在压缩率和功能性上长期处于行业领先地位。WinRAR的故事，是一个关于技术、远见和独特商业策略的成功案例。它诞生于一个对文件压缩有迫切需求的时代，凭借其创始人出色的技术实力和对用户需求的精准把握，迅速占领了市场。而它那“永不过期”的试用模式，更是在商业世界中显得独树一帜，最终成就了它在全球范围内无与伦比的普及度。时至今日，尽管云存储和各种新兴传输方式不断涌现，但WinRAR依然是许多人电脑中不可或缺的工具之一。下一次，当你熟练地右键点击文件，选择“添加到压缩包”时，可以回想一下这个由俄罗斯程序员兄弟创造的、已经流行了近三十年的软件传奇。

In this episode of New Cyber Frontier, host Timothy Montgomery sits down with cybersecurity pioneer Dr. Chris Gorog—one of the featured experts in IEEE's 2025 report on How Experts Think About Digital Privacy. Together, they unpack how the concept of privacy is evolving, why “consent” in digital systems is largely broken, and how power asymmetries shape user expectations. From trust to transparency, we confront the core question: Is digital privacy truly a right—or just a checkbox?   This isn't just another podcast—it's a masterclass in what's coming and an opportunity that everyone can capitalize on. If you're serious about protecting your organization or leveling up early on future leading tech, this is your opportunity. Find out how you can get involved and participate in the revolution with  BlockFrame's US Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulation CF offering at www.investinblockframe.com  

Guest: Dr. Tom Coughlin, President, Coughlin Associates, IEEE Past President (2025) Website: https://tomcoughlin.com FMS Conference: https://futurememorystorage.com/ Episode Summary: Join us for an enlightening conversation with Dr. Tom Coughlin, a seasoned digital storage analyst and consultant with over 40 years in the industry. Tom, the President of Coughlin Associates and former IEEE President, shares unparalleled insights into the foundational technologies shaping our digital world. We delve into the crucial role of memory in AI's development, the surprising realities of storage demand, and the fascinating world of breakthrough memory technologies. Discover why memory often gets overlooked in AI discussions, critical considerations for data privacy, and the global impact of the IEEE. Tom also previews the upcoming Future of Memory and Storage (FMS) conference and offers invaluable career advice for tech entrepreneurs. Key Discussion Points: Behind-the-Scenes of Storage Innovation: Tom shares a surprising story about the 25-year research journey behind HAMR technology now rolling out in HDDs. Evolving Storage Demands: Learn how SSDs have become primary data center storage and replaced HDDs in personal computers and consumer applications. Understand HDDs' shift to colder storage in data centers—this is their growth market, and much of the world's data lives on HDDs. Discover magnetic tape's vital role in archiving and backing up cloud data. Explore new archive storage technologies being developed, such as optical recording and DNA storage. Memory's Critical Role in AI: Memory, particularly DRAM, is playing a big role in training AI models. Approaches are emerging that reduce the need for expensive DRAM (especially in HBM) for inference applications, using storage technologies like SSDs (e.g., Kioxia's AiSAQ for tuning LLMs). er optical storage or DNA for long-term data storage and preservation. Why Memory is Overlooked in AI: Insights into why people tend to focus more on processing (GPUs) than on the data itself, despite memory and storage advances being as impressive as those in GPUs. Data Privacy & Security in Storage: Essential considerations include having copies of data on immutable storage for ransomware recovery, using AI for anomaly detection on networked systems to prevent malware, and proper encryption use in storage systems for data security. The Global Impact of IEEE: Learn about IEEE as the world's largest technical professional organization with nearly half a million members in over 190 countries. IEEE puts on over 2,000 conferences and events each year and publishes a good percentage of the world's technical literature. IEEE standards enable interoperability and industries, with a recent focus on sustainability and ethical AI practices to solve global problems and benefit humanity. Future of Memory and Storage (FMS) Conference: Dr. Coughlin, the general chair, provides details on the 2025 FMS (August 4-7, 2025, at the Santa Clara Convention Center). The conference will feature keynotes by major players in the digital storage and memory industry and sessions covering all major technologies and applications. FMS is the largest independent event focused on digital storage and memory. Highlight Speakers at FMS: Keynote talks include representatives from Kioxia, Fadu, Micron, Silicon Motion, SK hynix, Samsung, Neo, Sandisk, Max Linear, VergeIO, and Kove. There will also be a special session on AI, memory, and storage organized by NVIDIA, and Dr. Coughlin will give a talk on his experiences as IEEE President in 2024. Many parallel sessions will feature speakers from important industry players. Major Disruption in Digital Storage: Dr. Coughlin predicts that just managing the massive amounts of data generated by AI and IoT will be a huge challenge. He also foresees a growing need for technology to ensure data provenance, to identify false information and curate data for AI training. Career Advice for Tech Professionals: Dr. Coughlin advises aspiring tech professionals to be part of their industry and join technical professional organizations like the IEEE. This provides opportunities to develop professional networks and learn important skills like working with others and communicating through volunteer leadership. Learn More About Dr. Tom Coughlin and FMS: Future of Memory and Storage (FMS) Conference: https://futurememorystorage.com/ Tom Coughlin's Work: https://tomcoughlin.com Disclaimer: The information provided in these show notes is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial, investment, or technical advice. Views expressed by the guest are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of the podcast host or its affiliates..do not necessarily reflect the views of Finalis Inc. or Finalis Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.. Listeners should conduct their own research and consult with qualified professionals before making any decisions.  

Drones can help us with wildfire detection and suppression. Matthew Spencer, associate professor of engineering at Harvey Mudd College, takes a bird's eye view. Matthew Spencer (Member, IEEE) received B.S. and M.Eng. degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2007 and 2008, respectively, and a Ph.D. degree from the University of California, Berkeley, in […]

El atentado en la conflictiva región de Cachemira volvió a provocar enfrentamientos entre India y Pakistán. Hablamos con Javier Fernández Aparicio, analista del IEEE.Escuchar audio

Industrial Talk is talking to Matt Neal and Sergey Kynev with Siemens Energy about "E-STATCOM and Data Centers and Impact to Power Quality". Scott MacKenzie hosts a podcast celebrating industrial professionals and their innovations. In this episode, he discusses grid stability and solutions with Matt Neal and Sergey Kynev from Siemens Energy. They highlight the challenges of maintaining grid stability, particularly with the increasing demand from data centers. Siemens' solutions, such as STATCOM and E-STATCOM, provide reactive and active power control, enhancing grid stability and efficiency. The conversation also touches on the need for collaboration among stakeholders, including utilities, technology providers, and data center owners, to address the growing demands on the grid. Action Items [ ] Contact Siemens Energy through their website or Matt on LinkedIn to discuss any challenges related to grid stability and data center impacts. [ ] Reach out to Sergey on LinkedIn or contact Siemens Energy to discuss further about STATCOM and E-STATCOM solutions. [ ] Attend the IEEE conference in Austin to engage with the task forces and standard development groups involved in these topics. Outline Introduction and Overview of Industrial Talk Podcast Scott MacKenzie introduces the Industrial Talk Podcast, emphasizing its focus on industry professionals and their innovations. Scott highlights the importance of collaboration, education, and innovation in the industrial sector. Scott mentions the availability of an e-book on industrial talk, which covers core components of successful industrial companies. Scott announces the launch of an Industrial News Network to centralize industry information and make it more accessible. Introduction of Matt and Sergey from Siemens Energy Scott welcomes Matt Neal and Sergey Kynev from Siemens Energy to discuss challenges and solutions in the grid. Matt provides a background on his role at Siemens Energy, focusing on grid solutions in North America. Sergey shares his career journey with Siemens Energy, specializing in grid stability equipment. Scott and the guests discuss the importance of grid stability and the role of transmission and power generation in maintaining it. Challenges and Solutions in Grid Stability Scott and Matt discuss the need for more transmission lines and the challenges of building new infrastructure. Sergey explains the concept of grid stability, focusing on frequency and voltage balance. Sergey introduces STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) as a solution to control voltage and provide reactive power. The conversation touches on the importance of strategically placing STATCOM devices in key transmission substations. Modernization and Flexibility in Grid Solutions Matt emphasizes the importance of working with partners and running studies to predict new load pockets and generation. Sergey highlights the flexibility and adaptability of modern STATCOM devices compared to traditional solutions. Scott and Matt discuss the need for nimble and automated solutions to meet the rapidly evolving demands of the grid. The conversation covers the role of system operators and the importance of automation in maintaining grid stability. Impact of Data Centers on Grid Stability Scott and Sergey discuss the significant demand for power from data centers and the challenges they pose to the grid. Sergey explains the unique load behavior of AI data centers, which peak within milliseconds or...

Podcast: PrOTect It All (LS 26 · TOP 10% what is this?)Episode: Driving OT Security Innovation: AI, Risk Reduction, and the Future of Critical InfrastructurePub date: 2025-06-23Get Podcast Transcript →powered by Listen411 - fast audio-to-text and summarizationWelcome back to Protect It All! In this episode, host Aaron Crow sits down with longtime friend and OT cybersecurity veteran Brian Proctor for a deep dive into the current state—and future—of the OT cyber landscape. Together, they trade stories from the front lines, reflecting on how their early experiences as asset owners shaped their passion for innovation and helping critical infrastructure run safely and securely. Brian, whose career spans roles from OT engineer to startup co-founder, opens up about his journey—highlighting his drive to push the boundaries of traditional OT security and the evolution of key industry technologies. The conversation explores everything from the persistent lack of innovation in OT, to AI's growing role in tackling the daunting challenges of risk reduction, visibility, and scaling assessments across sprawling environments. If you've ever wondered how new tech like AI is reshaping industrial cybersecurity, why “we've always done it this way” just doesn't cut it anymore, or how organizations can realistically stay ahead without breaking the bank, this episode delivers honest insights, practical advice, and a look toward an exciting, if sometimes daunting, future. So grab your headphones and settle in as Aaron and Brian share stories, hot takes, and strategies designed to protect it all—because in critical infrastructure, the stakes have never been higher. Key Moments:  06:45 OT Cyber Industry Evolution 11:57 Evolving Challenges in OT Security 19:34 Bridging the OT Security Skills Gap 21:54 Enhancing OT Security Understanding 30:46 AI Model Security Challenges 34:26 Rapid Scaling for Site Assessments 40:56 Simulating Cyber Threat Responses 47:19 Operational Priorities: Equipment vs. Cyber Tools 49:30 Focus on Meaningful Security Metrics 56:30 Rapid AI Adoption vs. Internet 01:02:12 Cybersecurity: Small Targets are Vulnerable About the guest :  Brian Proctor is a cybersecurity leader with over 20 years of experience protecting critical infrastructure across energy, industrial automation, and operational technology sectors. As the co-founder and CEO of Frenos, he empowers critical infrastructure operators to proactively secure their environments against evolving cyber threats. Brian built his foundation in ICS/OT cybersecurity during his 13+ year tenure at two progressive California Investor Owned Utilities, San Diego Gas & Electric and Southern California Edison serving the 2nd and 8th largest cities in the United States. He managed a team of 15 security engineers and researchers across 150+ projects, established OT security roadmaps, and co-invented an R&D Magazine Top 100 award-winning GPS anti-spoofing mitigation technology that earned him a patent. Brian has published IEEE papers on security monitoring, served as Critical Infrastructure Co-Chair for Securing Our eCity, and regularly speaks at conferences to educate and build the ICS/OT cybersecurity community. He holds technical certifications including GICSP, CISSP, and CRISC, along with a Business Administration degree from the University of San Diego. Links:  https://frenos.io/services - Learn more about Optica, the industry's first tech-enabled rapid OT visibility service  https://frenos.io/autonomous-ot-security-assessment-platform - Learn more about how to automate OT security risk assessments Connect Brian : https://www.linkedin.com/in/brianproctor67/ Connect With Aaron Crow: Website: www.corvosec.com  LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aaronccrow   Learn more about PrOTect IT All: Email: info@protectitall.co  Website: https://protectitall.co/  X: https://twitter.com/protectitall  YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@PrOTectITAll  FaceBook:  https://facebook.com/protectitallpodcast    To be a guest or suggest a guest/episode, please email us at info@protectitall.co   Please leave us a review on Apple/Spotify Podcasts: Apple   - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/protect-it-all/id1727211124 Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/1Vvi0euj3rE8xObK0yvYi4The podcast and artwork embedded on this page are from Aaron Crow, which is the property of its owner and not affiliated with or endorsed by Listen Notes, Inc.

IEEE 802.11ax Wi-Fi 6 and 6E represent major advancements in wireless technology, particularly for industrial environments, due to their incremental efficiency, scalability, and bandwidth. Key features like OFDMA allow multiple devices to communicate simultaneously on subdivided channels, reducing latency and improving spectrum use. Wi-Fi 6E introduces the 6 GHz band, significantly expanding available bandwidth and alleviating congestion. While private cellular network alternatives are increasingly popular, they are often more expensive and complex to implement. Wi-Fi 6E provides a cost-effective, reliable alternative that supports digital transformation initiatives like Phoenix Contact's Digital Factory Now, enabling efficient data transport for AI, digital transformation, and automation.Learn more about the Innovative benefits of Wi-Fi 6 and 6E in Industry in this informative podcast.Additional Resources are available at:Industrial WLAN with Wi-Fi 6 | Phoenix ContactIndustrial and Outdoor Wireless LAN Market Size Forecast | ARC Advisory GroupAlso feel free to reach out If you have any questions or would like further information about industrial Wi-Fi:Danny Walters, Product Marketing Specialist for Wireless Products, Phoenix Contact USADanny Walters | LinkedIndwalters@phoenixcontact.comChantal Polsonetti, Vice President Industrial Network Infrastructure & Industrial Edge, ARC Advisory GroupChantal Polsonetti | LinkedIncpolsonetti@arcweb.comIndustrial WLAN with Wi-Fi 6 | Phoenix ContactWireless LAN – the standard for wireless Ethernet. Benefit from the advantages of the new generation of Wi-Fi 6 in your applications. Would you like to be a guest on our growing podcast?If you have an intriguing, thought provoking topic you'd like to discuss on our podcast, please contact our host Colin Masson at cmasson@arcweb.com or Our Producer Tom CabotView all the episodes here: https://thedigitaltransformationpodcast.buzzsprout.com

Dr. Ricardo Bianchini is a Technical Fellow and Corporate Vice President at Microsoft Azure, where he leads the team responsible for managing Azure's compute workload, server capacity, and datacenter infrastructure with a strong focus on efficiency and sustainability.  Before joining Azure, Ricardo led the Systems Research Group and the Cloud Efficiency team at Microsoft Research (MSR). He created research projects in power efficiency and intelligent resource management that resulted in large-scale production systems across Microsoft. Prior to Microsoft, he was a Professor at Rutgers University, where he conducted research in datacenter power and energy management, cluster-based systems, and other cloud-related topics. Ricardo is a Fellow of both the ACM and IEEE.

This week on DisrupTV, we interviewed: - Karen Silverman, CEO and Founder of The Cantellus Group - Denise Holt, Founder and CEO of AIX Global Media - Dr. David Bray, Distinguished Chair of the Accelerator, Stimson Center & Principal/CEO, LDA Ventures Inc. - Lori Rosenkopf, Author of Unstoppable Entrepreneurs: 7 Paths for Unleashing Successful Startups and Creating Value through Innovation. Karen broke down the real-world need for practical AI governance—moving beyond theory to action. Denise introduced active inference AI, revealing how it's revolutionizing real-time decision-making with surprising energy efficiency. David called for leaders to embrace empathy and adaptability as AI transforms every industry. And Lori challenged the myth of the "tech-only" entrepreneur with insights from her new book, Unstoppable Entrepreneurs. We also explored game-changing topics like the IEEE spatial web protocol, the future of intelligent systems, and why resilience, inclusive leadership, and bold innovation are the keys to thriving in this new era. Don't miss this powerful conversation that connects strategy, tech, and human-centered leadership. DisrupTV is a weekly podcast with hosts R "Ray" Wang and Vala Afshar. The show airs live at 11 AM PT/ 2 PM ET every Friday. Brought to you by Constellation Executive Network: constellationr.com/CEN.

Shawn Tierney meets up with Rylan Pyciak of Cleveland Automation Systems to discuss Trends in Automation, Inspiring a New Generation of Controls Engineers, and more in this episode of The Automation Podcast. For any links related to this episode, check out the “Show Notes” located below the video. Watch The Automation Podcast from The Automation Blog: Listen to The Automation Podcast from The Automation Blog: Read the transcript on The Automation Blog: (automatically generated) Shawn Tierney (Host): Welcome back to the Automation Podcast. My name is Shawn Tierney from Insights and Automation. And in this episode, I sit down with Ryland Pychak from Cleveland Automation Systems, a system integrator house, to talk about all things industrial automation, including how do we get more people involved in controls engineering as well as, like, what are the latest products and technologies people are using. So with that said, let’s go ahead and jump right into my interview with Ryland Piechak from Cleveland Automation Systems. Ryland, it’s great to have you on the show. Now before we jump into our conversation, can you start by telling us a little bit about yourself? Rylan Pyciak: Yeah. Certainly. Well well, first and foremost, thanks for having me as well, Shawn. Definitely appreciate the opportunity. Yeah. To give a little bit of background, I’m Radom Pyshak, founder, president of, Clearwater Automation Systems, as well as a controls engineer. You know, we’ve we’ve essentially been in business for ten years now. And, ultimately, you know, my background has been controls engineering through and through. Actually started the manufacturing floor myself. You know, a lot of maintenance technician role, a lot of day to day kind of supporting troubleshooting equipment and whatnot. From there, obviously, went off to college, got a controls engineering background, did a little stint at Rockwell, also worked at an OEM as well as a system integrator. And then from there, kind of saw the entire picture of manufacturing and decided to go out and start cleaning automation systems myself. You know, so since then, like I said, we’ve been in business going on ten years so far. And, yeah, it’s been been great. You know, there’s a lot of unique things we’ve come across in the manufacturing industry, and, I’m definitely very passionate. And it’s, something that’s very interesting from my perspective. Shawn Tierney (Host): Well, I appreciate you coming on the show. And, really, that’s our audience, the controls engineers, the, really, the automation electricians, those electricians who just really get into automation and do that as kind of a specialty, as well as the, maintenance technicians and control technicians, you know, maybe have an electronics background, a mechatronics background, and then get into automation. And so, really great to have you on. And it’s you have a great pedigree. They have different companies you’ve worked with. You’ve kinda seen the industry from different angles, which, you know, a lot of people don’t get that get that chance to work for a vendor and a integrator and an OEM and on the plant floor. So what really, tell us about your company, Cleveland Automation Systems. What do you guys do? Like, what was the purpose and found doing it? And and, really, what’s your what’s your focus? Rylan Pyciak: Yeah. Yeah. Certainly. So click on automation system is probably the best, you know, term for us as a system integrator. Right? We typically have various clients that come to us to solve unique problems. That’s anywhere from simple, you know, field troubleshooting, simple service calls we get to complex equipment development, a lot of custom automation, as well as a lot of integration. You know? So, really, we work pretty much with every clientele across the board. I would say the main one, pretty much the only thing we don’t do is oil and gas. But we support clients across various manufacturing industries. And, really, you know, we essentially got into business to solve a lot of these complex problems. What I saw from my perspective was a lot of, you know, lack of support for various legacy systems, you know, other challenges that our our clients would have where, hey. How do we integrate various components together? So really going into business kinda to solve a lot of those problems, and that’s still what we do today. You know, anywhere from upgrading, you know, obsolete components and hardware, software control systems, all the way to developing custom unique, you know, different kinds of equipment and machinery. So very interesting industry, and our client base is pretty wide as well. Shawn Tierney (Host): Now I know with your background, right, there’s probably a focus on, like you were just saying, on helping people migrate to the latest generation or to a platform that’s gonna be stable for them. I know in the pre show we talked about some of your clients have, like, just a mishmash of controls. And so, and I know a lot of people in the audience, they have to deal with all different types of vendors. And so, just a, you know, a minute and not that not you know, we’re gonna be preaching to the choir here. But when you’re when you have a a one of your customers come to you and say, here’s what I got. What’s the best path forward? What’s some of the things you tell them about? Maybe not having every vendor on the planet every control system on the planet in your plan, well, that would be great for a museum, is not really great for your your people because it can be difficult. I mean, people struggle understanding an iPhone how to use an iPhone and an Android. Right? Because it’s so different. And if you take that times five or 10, it really just puts a lot of stress on the, the maintenance staff, the electricians, and and the engineers on-site. So what’s some of the advice you give when when you’re working with your your, vendors? Your I’m sorry. Your, customers. Rylan Pyciak: Certainly. I mean, I think you hit the nail right on the head there with the, you know, the iPhone to Android comparison. I use that as well. You know, the biggest thing is what we like to do. First and foremost, we usually do a site assessment for our clients, and that is coming in and understanding everything within the facility. Right? That is, you know, what control systems, hardware, software, motors, kind of everything that makes automation run. And really from there, it’s identifying and saying, hey. You have these, you know, five, six, 15 different vendor hardware, software platforms in your facility. You know, which route do you wanna go? Obviously, there’s some name brands that, you know, all of us understand are are primary here, you know, at least in The US that most people use. And and, really, it’s more of an educational thing than anything else with our customers of outlining and saying, hey. You know, to be able to hire somebody, you know, to fill a maintenance technician role, to fill a controls engineer role, you know, not only do they have to bring the skill sets of actually doing that work, they also need to bring along the skill sets of how to support these systems. You look at something such as DeviceNet versus Ethernet IP. Right? There are, you know, different I’m gonna call it generations, different demographics that grew up supporting that versus what is currently used in the market. So, you know, really, it’s sitting down, talking to our customers, kind of looking at that list we’ve developed with them and saying, hey. This is everything you have within your facility. Which route do you wanna go? What does your current maintenance staff look like? What can you support? As well as what does your infrastructure look like? Because end of the day, it’s you know, one, obviously, obsolescence is huge. I’m sure we’ve all been there. Right? You have a an obsolete hardware software device that goes down. Now you’re scrambling to go and find another one, right, typically on eBay, pulling it off the shelf, potentially opening up and soldering things. Nobody wants to go that route. So it’s more so understanding this is the route you should go and a lot of guidance education on, you know, one, why you should migrate as well as two, what that’s going to look like, you know, from your support and maintenance perspective where, hey. Now you only have one software license to manage. You only have one platform to manage, and it’s not, you know, five, six different platforms and somebody’s old Windows XP sitting on the shelf that you have to clean dust off of every time. So that’s, you know, I’d say in a nutshell, a lot of education, you know, goes into a lot of these conversations. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. You know, I think about over the years, all the peat times people upgraded and the reasons for upgrading and just the the cost of upgrading. There was a lot of people who upgraded in, for y two k when there was no reason to. And but they would there was a fear factor there. You know? Fear and certainty, doubt. Right, FUD? And so they would do upgrades, and they spend hundreds of thousands of dollars. And I was just sitting there as a technical person being like, you’re wasting your money. You don’t need this. And, you know, I often see, like, an end user where they have a, you know, they have a a storeroom full of every IO module and every terminal block and every, processor and memory card, and it’s like, should we update the entire plan? I’m like, why? You not only is everything running smoothly and everybody’s trained on it, you have all the speeds you could ever use, and this stuff will last forever. Whereas when you’re sitting down with an OEM and they’re like, well, now I need to do six axes, and I have to do, you know, coordinated motion. You’re like, well, yeah, you’re not gonna wanna use that old stuff. Right? You we need to get you into the latest stuff where we have these new text test axes, commands and different things we can do that will just make your development so much easier. Plus, you’re gonna want tech support because if you go into the new generation, you’re probably gonna have some questions because you’ve been using the old generation. So it can really be case. And then I see, like, a lot of the the sensor vendors we have on, they come out with this new sensor that has features that no other sensor on the market has. And so I can see an end user saying, well, we usually use brand x, but brand y is really killing it. And this is the application brand x couldn’t solve, so we’re gonna go with brand y. And so it does make sense to I mean, you know, you can come at this from every different angle, but at the end of the day, I guess, like you were saying, you don’t wanna have a plan with 15 different things in there, 15 different software licenses. And, you know, it’s like, just because you’re good at Word doesn’t mean you’re an expert at Excel or PowerPoint. Right? And just because you’ve learned brand x does not mean you’re gonna be able to pick up brand y quickly. I know when I started working with Siemens, it was like a huge just, it was like going from, you know, Photoshop to PaintShop Pro or you know? It was just like a huge, huge change, and you really just you’re not as efficient when you first start off. So definitely definitely a lot of considerations there. You know, I think one of the things we’re talking about, in the preshow was the you know, how do you attract young people? Because so many people like us who are getting older. Right? And then the people who taught us who are retiring, you know, there’s a a lot of a lot of the younger, audience, you know, they they’ve been using a touch screen since they were. My grandkids have never known, devices without touch screens. Right? Rylan Pyciak: Mhmm. It’s Shawn Tierney (Host): so and so, you know, how do we what do what can we do to help get that younger generation in? Because we need to bring before everybody retires who has that that, you know, that knowledge. We’re gonna we’re gonna get that the younger folks to keep coming in and, you know, maybe we won’t have as many because, you know, systems are more mature and the you know, when I first started PLCs, we’re still relatively new. So programming PLCs with software was still relatively new, only a couple years, three, four years old. And so but today, we’ve been doing it for, you know, thirty five years, forty years. So, we may need less people as as as the knowledge is easier as a and and the products get easier, easier to use too. But how do we attract, younger engineers into this? I think we would both agree is a phenomenal, industry of, you know, automating manufacturing and other and other Rylan Pyciak: things? Yeah. Yeah. No. That that’s a great question. You know, honestly, I think some of it from my perspective, manufacturing is almost like a black sheep. Right? A lot of people haven’t heard of manufacturing. They typically look at it of, hey. It’s something either I see on TV or it’s how cars are made. But I feel like there are a lot of younger generations that may not just fully understand what we do day in and day out. You know, from the technical aspect, from problem solving, from engineering design, you know, all of the things that go into manufacturing a product, both on our side as integrators, programmers, things like that, but also from support, from production, you know, on the flip side. So, you know, I think there’s some of that of actually drawing an awareness to what our industry is and what it does. You know, if I’m being frank, a lot of my first introductory really was just talking to friends of friends, you know, and primarily, you know, older generations of, hey. You’re really hands on, really like to do things like this. You should look at this industry. And if it weren’t for those conversations, I probably would have never ended up in this industry either. You know, so, really, I think it’s it’s kind of opening up and saying, hey. You know, First Robotics, other, you know, kind of vocational or technical, you know, trades kind of situations when you’re in high school, even middle school of identifying people that are interested in these industries or interested in more, you know, hands on designing things, building things, and getting in front of those younger generations and showing them, hey. Manufacturing is something you can get into. And, right, you could pick up a teach pendant and move half of a car around with a robot. That’s really cool. So I think it’s a lot of kind of, you know, not only educational from a sense of educating people, but also just, you know, getting in front of younger generations, showing them what’s out there, you know, things that we like to do. There are a lot of career days at schools if we can go in and do things like that. Any kind of, you know, I guess, community involvement or outreach where you do have middle school, high schools, you know, even vocational schools of having introductories. Definitely love to do that. I mean, I sit on a couple advisory boards. Anytime we have professors that wanna invite us in, absolutely would jump on board and say, yes. I will sit down, show everything what we do, show Dawson pictures, kind of walk them through what you can do, you know, as controls engineers, as mechanical engineers, and really get a better sense of of this is what this industry looks like. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. You know, I think, when my kids were growing up they’re all grown up now, have kids of their own. When I was when I was when they were growing up, there was really no inexpensive way to to they nothing inexpensive I really could put in front of them to let them let them learn, you know, electronics and programming. We had, you know, we had PCs, but, beyond that, that’s not the way it is today. Today, we have, and we’ve covered them on the channel is, you know, I think one of the best places to start is with the Arduinos. And you can buy kits from kits with lots of electronics. It’s kinda like when I was a kid, they had a thousand and one experiments. Right? So you can buy buy, you know, kits that are, you know, $20 or $30. And we’ve reviewed a lot of the kits and and and the what comes in them, but they they come with all kinds of electronics and then the world, you know, the the world’s your oyster from there. You can do so many things. But even before you get to that point, I loved and I used to coach legal league. And for those younger middle school kids, right, legal league, you know, you can I was I had kids in there in fourth grade, right, learning to do the Lego League stuff, and they they do a great job of trying to make it fun? You you’re plugging the like, motors into into bricks, onto a a computer, and then you program it graphically, you know, with, you know, moves and, you know, if you’re into motion, everybody you know, you got a gut moves and how far you’re gonna go and sensors that tell you when to stop. And, I mean, it’s just I think it’s amazing. But the one thing I found, though, that that is difficult is that, you know, most most parents these days, they’re working, they’re both working, they don’t have a lot of time, they come home exhausted, and so they they have, an Xbox or a streaming surface that is their babysitter just so they can have some some alone time. And and I would just recommend, you know, limit that time. You know, the especially with video games these days, everything’s a season. You don’t wanna miss the next big thing that’s happening and and you would think from roadblocks to to, Destiny or, you know, Call of Duty or whatever. But don’t limit your kids’ time so when they’re bored, they have to they have to pull out that kit and stop playing with it. I was with my grandson recently, and he got grounded. And I said, well, I bet your mom well, you can’t play video games. I bet your mom will let you create your own video games. It’s like on her computer. He started, you know, designing his own levels and whatnot. It’s like, you know, if they if, you know, people are gonna go for easy. Right? But once easy is not there anymore, then they’ll they’ll look for something else. And, now talk to me about how how have you worked with the young have you done anything with the with the first robotics or with training? You said you’re on advisory councils. Rylan Pyciak: Yeah. Yeah. So we’ve, you know, we’ve sponsored a few high school competitions as well as some other local high schools that essentially, you know, they’re they’re just looking to do introductory into robotics design. You know, I think it almost goes back to the educational standpoint where, you know, your typical curriculum is is pretty standardized now. And a lot of, you know, shop classes, I feel like don’t exist at many high schools like they did, you know, ten, fifteen, thirty years ago. So some of it’s conversation. Some of it is honestly just where we’ve engaged with, you know, either prior high school, you know, where I went or other high schools that are interested in that and supporting it. Right? Like you mentioned, the biggest thing is is funding and finding opportunities. And to your point, yes, nowadays, it is hundreds of dollars. It’s not thousands or tens of thousands to do that. Exactly. But that that’s something I feel like us as, you know, us as companies in the integration world, and just speaking kind of at in general, being able to identify those things, you know, from anyone listening, if you are on the integration side or even if you’re on the manufacturing side of maybe having conversations with, you know, what your your current layout looks like, potentially your your children or high schools that you worked with, you know, and then going to higher ups and maybe asking for a little sponsorship. I mean, a couple $100 can get quite a few different pieces of hardware and software, and you could start building these things that, you know, allow for that aptitude and that intriguing, you know, design and and doing hands on design, you know, I think opens a lot of doors from that perspective. Yeah. I mean, definitely having good conversations with with, like I said, high school students, as well as trying to find other opportunities where you can work with these generations and allow them to have that curiosity. You You know, I think that’s the biggest thing. Once you get that spark and that curiosity, really just continuing to run from that and seeing what other options are out there in the world. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. And and if you’re gonna sponsor as a company or as a group or as a, you know, organization, I would definitely put a put a requirement in there and and maybe go and and see the final project. Because my wife’s a principal, she’s been teaching for twenty years, and, people have sponsored different different, you know, things that she’s tried to implement in her school. And I think the one thing they fall down on is, yeah, they they have you fill out a form. They give you the money. Then so you can go buy the kits, but and then they don’t get involved. And it’s like, you know, people get busy. And if there’s not, like, this requirement that, hey. They have to show you know, at the end of the at the end of the season or year or course, we’re gonna come in and see what they did. Just to try to hold their feet to the, not hold their feet to the fire, but just to give the teacher or the instructor some accountability, some some, reason to make sure that this stuff gets used and covered because there are so many mandates. Hopefully, this will change, but today, there’s so many mandates that it’s difficult. They really have to make an effort to teach, outside of what’s mandated, which is and and like you said, unfortunately, shop class shop class, and, you know, basic electricity, those type of things are not mandated anymore or not mandated today. But, you know, as we’re talking about this, let if you don’t mind, can we switch over and talk about smarter manufacturing? So we’ve talked a while about how we get youngsters involved, but as you go to work every day, right, and you work with your people and you work with your customers, I mean, what are some of the trends you’re seeing out there where people are doing things maybe smarter or adopting new newer technologies that, you know, we didn’t have maybe ten years ago that are really making a difference in their plants? Rylan Pyciak: Yeah. Yeah. Certainly. You know, there are quite a few different things that we’ve come across. You know, there there are some buzzwords definitely. You know, I think that you kind of have to sandbox exactly what they are, AI being one of them. Right? I think in the general sense, a lot of people may not understand. But there are some I’m gonna call them, you know, AI such as vision systems where essentially you’re teaching it, hey. Here are, you know, passable or passing products. Here are failing products. And it’s not necessarily how vision systems traditionally were, right, where it always has to be the same picture if it doesn’t line up. If it’s not good, it’s bad. Right? That that’s kinda more of the traditional sense where some of these newer AI, you know, learning systems that are out there are actually able to detect and say, hey. You know, I may be looking for something to be right side up, and it’s within that plus or minus 10 degree window. That’s gonna be a pass. If I see something flipped upside down, that’s certainly gonna be a fail. So we’re seeing some newer technologies like that definitely being implemented out there. IoT, smart sensors, IO Link are other ones that are huge. We’re seeing a lot of deployments, especially in food and beverage where you’re no longer having to run analog sensors everywhere, but rather, you know, you’re basically implementing IO Link and other similar platforms where now I’m actually getting that process data over Ethernet IP. I don’t know if they’re about scaling other things like that. They make field installation and setup time a breeze. We do a lot of that as well. So definitely some newer technologies. And then some other things I’d say are pretty unique too are more maybe around the robotics where we’re seeing a lot of your ROS and ROS two development where, you know, again, it’s kind of more of a open source platform that essentially allows you to run the control kind of independent of what we would traditionally look at from a controller where, hey. You may have a Fanuc or a KUKA robot that is essentially now running, you know, from a ROS perspective versus your traditional, you know, picking up the teach pendant and programming points. So it it it’s definitely interesting. I’d say, you know, we’re working on a quite a few different applications that are kind of bridging that gap between traditional and newer technologies, you know, where there’s a lot more dynamic going on. You know, for instance, an application we’re currently doing, essentially, we have, you know, a product coming into an area, a couple scanners doing a three d point cloud, and then robots that are actually going over top of that. That product that’s coming in is never the same from one product to the next. So there’s a lot of kind of, you know, ongoing smart technology that’s feeding in there, vision systems, three d systems, and that’s actually using one of the the ROS, you know, approach as well. So, yeah, it’s definitely something that I think as our our industry grows, there’s a lot more, interest in it, and there’s a lot more funding coming in, private equity, venture capitalists, that are are starting to try and solve some of these more complex problems. And I think from that, it it does allow us to now look at this. Hey. Traditionally, you would program with a PLC ladder logic. And the teach pendant. Well, that way you might be able to use more software based controls and engineering versus, you know, ladder logic programming and things like that. So, yeah. I mean, it’s interesting. Again, from our standpoint as a system integrator, we get to see so many of these different things going on, that you walk in and you’re like, this it’s pretty neat to see what other people are trying to do out there. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. You know, we talked about AI quite a bit last year in in robotics. AI, you know, we and and I asked the audience to help me. Look. We gotta spread the the the knowledge about AI as far as what it really is. Couple years ago, I was on vacation, and we were on a tour, and we had these dinners every night. And this older man, he’s he’s like, AIs self aware, and they’re programming itself, and we don’t need people anymore. And I’m like, that’s a great science fiction book you just read, but, I mean, I think if you know? You know, you try to explain to them. It’s like, look. It’s like they published this. IEEE does a great job covering this. They’ve literally spent millions every year, like, 10 of the millions every year programming these AIs. They’re not self aware. They’re not then that people still are needed. That’s why they’re paying people, you know, millions of dollars to program them. And, you know, it’s it’s it’s basically you know, as we look at the I always go back to, like, voice activation, and I should mute my, my device here so I don’t accidentally trigger it. But, you know, if we think back, like, I bought Dragon Natural Speaking back in the day because I wanted I my old job for twenty five years, I spent half or more of every day driving. So four hours driving, seven hours working, or eight hours driving, four hours. It was just it was just a for somebody who likes to do for a doer, it’s just demoralizing to be on the road that much. For a driver, that’s great. I mean, they love that. But in any case, long story short, it’s 90% and, again, I have an accent. But 90%, you think that sounds great until you go to edit what you said. It’s not good. Right? It’s, like, too much work. I could just type this from scratch. And we we also see that with a lot of transcripts. Like, if you’re on a video streaming site, the transcripts, the, automatic English captions, right, closed captions, A lot of times, they’re not that good either. But we’ve seen that grow. I know when I first got my, my iPhone and it had Siri, and I would be like I would talk to it and be like, I can’t answer that. Today, I can talk to it, and it does a great job. It’s it’s the the database that has backing it up is so much better. And so I take that and I go into, like, the vision system example you gave. Right? Now in the past, like you were saying, we had to have the lighting perfect. We had the gauges and the tools, and the the product had to be in the spot all the time, and there was no way to for it to float around and find the product and and most early on. And today, you can shoot it, like, a 100 products and say these are all good, and it can the algorithm can figure out, hey. What are the minor variances of these so I can understand what falls into the good bucket? And then you can shoot at a 100 bad products and say, okay. These are bad. And they can actually build some, some, tables or or value sets to know, to really know really well, you know, much faster than any person could, what’s good and what’s bad. And it’s amazing. Even one vendor said, hey. If you need to give it train it do even more training, we you can upload it to our website. We’ll do it offline and send it back to you, which I just think is amazing. And I know it’s revolutionizing, you know, cancer treatment or or detection and all kinds of other things. But, yeah, no. This is not data from Star Trek. Rylan Pyciak: Right? Yeah. Shawn Tierney (Host): This is not Al from 02/2001. And, and, yeah. And so so go ahead. Go ahead. Rylan Pyciak: Yeah. No. I was I mean, you’re you’re spot on, Shauna. It it it’s a good balance. Right? I mean, you know, I even look at it. We’ve all been there, right, especially from the controls perspective where something isn’t running and you walk out and it’s that slight little turn of the photo eye. Right? So as much as I think a lot of people may look at it of, hey. It’s taking over the world and it’s taking over what we’re doing, It still requires people, you know, in in at least in our world, technicians to implement it, to program it, to set it up. And, again, a lot of our equipment too doesn’t even have that smart that technology. So, you know, it’s something that as we move forward educationally, I think, you know, generations that that still have a pretty good length of career left, it it’s making sure you’re educating yourself on it, understanding what it is, how to deploy it, utilizing it as it becomes more commonplace, but definitely not you know, I wouldn’t be intimidated by it because it it’s something that it it’s like anything else. It’s a tool that’s going to be used. You know, and I think it’s making yourself aware of it, understanding how you can actually deploy it in the future. And and something else, I guess, you know, a thought that they brought up from my standpoint is actually investment in this new technology. It’s something else that we have a lot of these conversations with customers. You know, I know automate just happened. Right? You go out and you see the latest and greatest of everything. Lot of cool technology, new technology. You know, we always caution our customers to be, you know, cautiously optimistic and consider what you’re investing in, because one of the things you have to look at you know, there are all these these crazy new technologies that are out there. I’m gonna use collaborative robots as an example. Right? When when they first came out, it was universal robots. Now you watch the show, you know, there are probably 50, a 100, I don’t know, 500 collaborative robots. The thing you have to really consider is not only are you purchasing this technology, you’re investing in education, you know, from an internal standpoint to to bring your teams up to speed. But you also have to make sure that technology still exists in five, ten, twenty years. A great use case, you know, we actually did case study on it. You know, Ready Robotics, I thought was a great platform, works really well, you know, kind of made robot programming agnostic. And and they had a really, really valuable, you know, use case, I thought. And, you know, they went bankrupt. They went out of business. So you have to look at that too of, hey. I’m gonna go and spend this money as a decision maker for my plant, for my company, for my process. You have to also make sure that that hardware, that software, that firmware, that company that developed that is also there in the long term. So you kinda have to do a pros and cons and make sure, really, our our biggest things, you know, how long have those companies been in business, what does their technology look like, what does their tech support look like, Right? Do they have a team? Is it one individual? Are they writing firmware on the back end as these bugs come up? But it really is a holistic picture. And and, again, I really recommend having conversations with your personnel that are on the floor supporting this. Reach out to integrators, reach out to individuals within the market. You know, ask a lot of questions before you make those decisions. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. But, you know, it’s does it work with your existing architecture? So there are so many great cobot and robot manufacturers. And, quite honestly, some of them work better with brand a and some work better with brand b. And if you have brand b, you probably want one that works really well with it. You know, if you have brand a, then, you know, that’s gonna be and I know they all try to work with all they try to be vendor agnostic as far as the control systems, but some do a better job with you know? A lot of times it’s geographical or it’s just, you know, the the mission of the company internally. But, and then there are there are companies out there who do just just do a phenomenal job or try to with all vendors. But, you know, I think Cobot’s, that’s one place we talk about the younger generation. I mean, you think about it. Right? And and I worked in a machine shop one summer when I was, in high school, and it’s it’s a job that young people do not want. Right? If you’re if you’re if you’re machining products, right, it it’s similar to, like, if an injection molding facility. People don’t wanna work there either. Right? Younger generation, a lot of them don’t because they want something more, you know, twenty twenty five ish. Right? And so, if you can have a COBOS sit at that machine and put the pieces in and out instead of a human being, and I could tell you that was very boring work. And I and and and most of the people there were not college graduates. Right? They were there because they were you know, it was the best paying job they could find without having any experience. And so as those people retire, if if you don’t have enough people to fill those roles, that’s where the Cobots, I think, could do a great job. And this people even have innovative uses for them. Like, this one company was it was a three d printing company, and so they like to work eight to five like most people do. They have families. They wanna enjoy their evenings. And, the problem was, though, the printers would finish the print. You know, they would take custom print jobs. They’d finish, like, in the evening. Right? And nobody wanted to drive back to work and switch out the trays so they could print something else. Right? Expensive machines printing expensive products. And so they bought a Kobo. Now all that Kobo does is it goes around and replaces the trays on the three d printers when they finish their job so that you can print something else. And it gives them another, you know, theoretically, another sixteen hours worth of printing they can get out of their machines while everybody’s at home, you know, spending time with the family and and and sleeping. And so there’s a lot of innovative ways to use cobots. Now have you guys done any work recently with cobots? Rylan Pyciak: Yeah. Yeah. That’s it it’s definitely something, you know, we’ve deployed quite a few collaborative applications. Yep. You know, really, when when it comes to I’m gonna say collaborative versus noncollaborative. More so, we’re we’re kinda back to, I guess, what you just touched on is identifying, you know, what are the problems that you could potentially solve? Or, honestly even just walking in and saying, hey. There is a potential solution here that maybe somebody’s never thought of. You know, that’s identifying, like you said, that, right, the three d is dirty, dull, dangerous where people just it’s a boring job. People hate it. It’s high turnover. You know, really kind of finding those applications where it’s something simple. You know, it it it’s low cost. It’s something you could implement very easily. And then being able to walk in and replace that with a robot with a collaborative robot, you know, with an automated solution that actually solves those problems. Right? And then it takes those individuals from doing that that high turnover, boring, or dangerous, or, you know, mind numbing kind of position into something that that opens up a lot more doors, and now they can be technicians. They can, you know, kinda move into a higher position where they’re doing more from the company perspective. But, yeah, I mean, in terms of collaborative applications, definitely a lot of opportunity that’s out there. You know, I think the biggest things are, you know, obviously identifying what you’re trying to do, making sure you do proper risk assessments to make sure that application is actually collaborative, as well as, you know, really finding what are you trying to solve at the end of the day. Right? Is it a labor problem? Is it, you know, just just an ergonomic problem is definitely a big one we see a lot of. Time saving problems. We deployed one two years ago, actually, that essentially just mixing the solution. Right? In every fifteen minutes, operator would have to stop, open up the door, go in there and mix this this solution, essentially, to keep it mixed, shut the door, and hit go. That essentially removed that where now that operator is no longer there and actually doing the other pieces of their job. You know, it was a slam dunk for everyone involved. So definitely a lot of opportunities out there. You know, I think, really, it’s it’s identifying what you’re trying to solve. But you can definitely utilize them in quite a few different locations. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. You know? And I that kinda brings another thought to mind is, you know, we hear a lot of people say, well, automation is bad because it takes away jobs. And I usually, it’s a boomer when I see somebody saying this on TV and not to pick on boomers. Okay? But, typically, it’s a boomer. Right? Mhmm. And, they’re holding a, like, an $800 smartphone, and they’re standing next to a a, you know, a $5,500 big screen TV. And I’m just like I’m I’m like or with those products you love to use, the car you like to drive, that smartphone you love, you know, None of those can be made without automation. Impossible. Literally impossible to make your modern devices without automation. Technology, and I like to just say technology technology gets rid of the lowest level jobs. Right? So from the day we learned to tie an ox to that wheel to turn it so we could either pump water or grind, you know, grain or whatever, right, or harness it harness the wind with the wind with the winter a wind wheel, a windmill. You know, that where people are always trying to find smarter ways to doing thing. And, you know, not that mixing a container by hand is extremely difficult or but I don’t know how many times I’ve gone to the local, home supply store, and they’ve mixed my paint wrong, literally. Or I’ll say this too. Same place. Have my keys made wrong. I’ve I have, like, half a dozen keys I’ve paid them I had made, and they mess them up. Right? And so I’m not picking on people. They’re they’re stressed out. They got lots doing. But if If if if I need a key now, because I know there’s one, department store nearby that has the automated. You just put your key in. It does everything automated. I will only go there because I know it is done correctly every time. And quite honestly, I don’t have to listen to the to the the sales guy go, oh, I don’t like making keys. I can’t believe I gotta do this. You know? It’s just so funny. Yes. I wish you didn’t have to do this either because you keep doing it wrong. So Uh-huh. I mean, do do you agree with me? Or I mean, the technology I find is elevating. It’s giving people better jobs. It’s not it’s really eliminating the jobs that most people don’t want. Am I right about that? What what are your thoughts about that? Rylan Pyciak: Yeah. I you know, honestly, Shawn, I think I think you’re spot on with that. You know, really, automation and and I would say this. You know, the last couple years, a lot of our customers, they’re asking for automation because they simply cannot find enough people to fill their roles. It’s not that, hey. We wanna, you know, necessarily improve a process or, you know, replace people. Nobody’s actually filling those roles where they don’t have enough resources to do that manually. So it’s a, you know, it’s a labor shortage issue, honestly, of what we’re dealing with. But by no means is it actually taking over, replacing jobs, anything like that. I mean, exactly what you said. Right? You look at at jobs that are very labor intensive, that are, you know, very stressing, ergonomic issues that, you know, it it’s honestly it’s backbreaking work. And I definitely understand that I wouldn’t wanna do that kind of labor myself day in and day out, five days a week. And that’s where automation is key. Right? So you now walk in and a robot, a control system, you know, whatever it is is replacing those things that are, you know, beating up your body or, you know, other things, you know, very toxic locations, locations that you don’t wanna deal with chemicals, things like that. Now those same persons that had to go in and do that are now actually supporting it. And kind of back to what we were talking about before, right, now those individuals are learning how to operate the HMIs. They learn how to recover the robots. They’re learning how to do basic troubleshooting on PLCs, you know, robotic systems, things like that. So, you know, from from an employment perspective, from a technology and educational perspective, I think it’s taking them from doing a repetitive, laborious job, and now it’s opening up more avenues where you could walk in and say, hey. You know, I have background, you know, programming, doing basic troubleshooting on this system that has, you know, phanic robot, Allen Bradley PLC. I made edits. You know, we may be maybe that system, you’ve put in five new part variants since you purchased it. You know, so now you you have more applicable skills that I think, in general, our industry needs to head that rate. Right? As you mentioned, one, to be able to be competitive with the prices of what we pay for the cost of goods sold in general. But two, just from a standpoint of, you know, if corporations and companies are going to try and remain competitive, they certainly are going to have to automate. You’re not going to be able to replace and do everything with manual, you know, human labor, and you need to start implementing automation, you know, in the right locations, but also making sure you’re implementing it so you can, like I said, obviously, fill those labor gaps, fill the labor shortages that you have, you know, high turnover positions or dangerous positions, replace that with industrial automation. And, yeah, I mean, end of the day, It it is definitely not taking people’s jobs. I can’t say I’ve seen any project where we walked in and said, hey. Here’s a machine that runs x rate. These five people are now gone. Usually, they’re moving into higher level positions, technician positions, and and, honestly, getting more education. So, I mean, I’m absolutely on board that automations automation is nothing but a good investment from a company perspective. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. And, you know, I think back to, BeachNet, they make baby food. And, I was, working with them when they were building a new plant, and, the old plant looked ugly. It was like an old brick building, multistory. Yeah. It I like, I walked through it, and I’m like, I don’t know that I could ever buy this baby food again. But their new plant was just beautiful. Beautiful. When you walk into the lobby, it’s huge and beautiful. You walk in the lobby, they have a mural on the wall. It’s like endless mostly ladies in hair nets, endless table of ladies cutting potatoes and carrots, and and, they’re all happy. They’re like, yeah. This is great. The kids are in school. I can make some extra money. Maybe we’ll buy a new car. You know? They were all pretty happy. It was like they can sit there. They can chat. They can cut the carrots and potatoes, and they’re making healthy baby food for the community. And so it was great. Today, I don’t think my granddaughter would wanted that job for a a, you know, million dollars. You know? She’s never known a time when it hasn’t been, you know, high screen high resolution touch screens in her hand or in her mother’s hand or, you know, in her house, and it’s like, why would we do this manually again? Rylan Pyciak: Mhmm. Shawn Tierney (Host): Why would I spend all day repetitively getting carpal tunnel tunnel syndrome or whatever? You know? You know? And and so that’s just where we are. I think most of us see most people most people who who are paying attention to what they’re doing, they wanna do it better. They wanna improve. You know? It’s that continuous improvement, CAN ban, all that stuff that talks about, you know, let’s let’s keep making changes to make the process better. And, you know, you’re not always not every change is is for the positive. But, you know, I think this kinda this brings us full circle too because, you know, I there was a technologist recently who was saying, we can import a lot of engineers because we don’t have enough engineers. And it’s like, I replied to him, like, we have tons of engineers. What you’re really seeing is the schools are not teaching what you want them to learn. Partner with the schools so like, my youngest son and all these other software engineers out there are not unemployed because the schools didn’t teach them what you wanted. You need a you need a thousand engineers. Go to the local go to the local school. Tell them this is why I need your people to learn. Trust me. They’ll start teaching it. Because the last thing that, you know, a competent school wants to do or college or university is, you know, put people out there who can’t actually get a job. They they love being able to brag about people getting jobs. They love to be able to brag about hey. I’m working with company Y, and, we send them a thousand engineers over the last four years. So we kinda come full circle. I think we all need to think about that. How can we encourage our local educational institutions? Maybe it’s our kids where our kids are going. Maybe it’s where our grandkids are going. Maybe it’s where nieces and nephews or siblings are going. How can we get involved and help those local you know, everything from grade school through high school through through, junior college, technical, you know, community colleges, and so on. We we gotta help them understand what we’re doing and what’s valuable so they can stay away from, you know, maybe saying, hey. The Raspberry PIs gonna take over the world, so that’s all you need to learn. No. Sorry. Yeah. No. I hate to bring it to you, but there’s a reason why we have major vendors, and they’ve been in business for over a hundred years because they make the what the customers want. But, yeah, that kinda brings a full circle to what we were talking about at the beginning of the show. Rylan Pyciak: Yeah. Yeah. I mean, you know, It it definitely it it’s an entire ecosystem. Right? I think from from that perspective, right, from the large corporations that are manufacturing, it is having those conversations and saying, hey. These are the kind of technicians, the controls engineers, the, you know, whatever roles you’re trying to fill. This is what we do day in and day out. And those individuals and corporations need to have conversations with, again, the the local vocational schools, the community colleges, the technical colleges, even, like I said, even high school and middle school and outline Yeah. This is what our career path looks like. This is what you know? Right? This is what our process looks like. Honestly, you know, doing site tours, facility tours, understanding how things are made, looking at equipment and working with equipments where, hey. We may have, you know, humongous boilers or, you know, I grew up in Southern Ohio where steel at one point was was very large before it went overseas. You know, understanding what that looks like, how electric arc furnaces work and function, and actually working with local community colleges of, hey. This is this is the kind of technical resources of what we need. Right? That’s low rates. It it’s electricians. It’s hands on labor, whatever that is. And then, you know, aligning both what you’re trying to fill from a technical perspective with what is actually being taught in those vocational technical community colleges even back again to high schools where, you know, hey. Yeah. PLC programming is great. We actually utilize, like you said, we utilize Siemens or Allen Bradley. We don’t do Arduino for, you know, a a $100,000,000 production facility. So I think a lot of it is honestly, it’s more community involvement. Quite honestly, it’s conversations like you and I are having, but on a on a bigger scale of understanding, hey. These are the skill gaps. This is where we’re currently at, and these are the roles we’re trying to fill. Because a lot of it, like you said, it’s it’s I feel like a lot of people in our industry more often than not, kind of stumble upon it or at least have some in. But if it weren’t for that, people really wouldn’t know what manufacturing does. So I mean, I would definitely encourage that. Again, kind of back to the advisory boards that I’ve talked about, we have a lot of those conversations with the local community colleges of this is what we do. This is what’s good. Your training systems, this is awesome. We don’t use any of this. And just having those those two way conversations and making sure you’re staying involved. I mean, end of the day, communication’s key, and I think that’s what we all need to do more of. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. Absolutely. Absolutely. Rylan, I really appreciate coming on the show. I’m just looking at my list of bullets of things I wanted to talk about. Was there anything that you wanted to talk about that we hadn’t gotten through yet? Rylan Pyciak: I don’t think so. I mean, I think we touched on a lot of great topics. You know, in general, Shawn, I’d say, you know, really, one of my passions is definitely bringing in younger generations’ education into this industry. You know, end of the day, we’re all engineers. I think by default, we like to collaborate and have conversations. And, really, I’m just trying to encourage more of that, right, of of all of us being able to have open, honest conversations. I know you get onto the forums and you get onto Reddit and all these other, you know, areas of the Internet, and it’s great because there’s a lot of collaborative energy. And I and, honestly, I think it’s something we just need to do that more, be more supportive of other individuals, of others in the industry, and keep having these conversations. Right? Because the more collective minds we bring together, I think it’s gonna open up more doors, and it’s gonna allow us to have, you know, more exciting conversations like this. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yep. Yeah. Absolutely. Well, Rylan, I really appreciate you coming on. Now if people wanna learn more about Cleveland Automation Systems, where would they go to find out more? Rylan Pyciak: Yeah. Definitely. You can find us on our website since clevelandautomationsystems.com. I know it’s a mouthful. You could also look look up myself on LinkedIn, Rylan Pyshak, Cleveland Automation Systems as well as on LinkedIn. But definitely feel free to reach out. I’m always open. I love having conversations like this. So definitely you can find us, like I said, website LinkedIn. Send me a direct message if you wanna talk about something. I’ll definitely share my contact info, and, you know, we can connect any which way you want. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. And we’ll include all those links in the description so you guys, wherever you’re listening or watching, you’ll be able to have access to that so you don’t have to type it all in. But in any case, Ryland, thank you so much coming on. I really enjoyed our conversation today, and, just thanks again for coming on. Rylan Pyciak: Definitely. And thank you for having me, Shawn. I definitely appreciate the opportunity. Shawn Tierney (Host): I hope you enjoyed that episode. I wanna thank Rylan for coming on the show and talking about all things industrial automation. I really enjoyed our chat. I hope you did too. And I will put his link to his LinkedIn profile and to his company in the description. I also wanna thank Cleveland Automation Systems for sponsoring this episode so we could bring it to you completely ad free. So if you’re talking to Ryland or anybody over there, please, tell them thank you for us. And, with that said, I just wanna wish you all good health and happiness. And until next time, my friends, peace. The Automation Podcast, Episode 238 Show Notes: Special thanks to Rylan for coming on the show, and to Cleveland Automation Systems for sponsoring this episode so we could release this episode Ad Free! Below you’ll find links to Rylan’s LinkedIn profile, and to Cleveland Automation Systems: Rylan Pyciak’s LinkedIn Cleveland Automation Systems Until next time, Peace ✌️  If you enjoyed this content, please give it a Like, and consider Sharing a link to it as that is the best way for us to grow our audience, which in turn allows us to produce more content

In this conversation, Dr. Fred Heiding discusses theintersection of cybersecurity and AI threats, sharing insights from his research at Harvard's Belfer Center. He emphasizes the importance of collaboration in cybersecurity, the risks of isolationism, and the need for more technical talent in policy-making. The discussion also covers national cybersecurity strategies and the challenges of implementing effectiveframeworks. In this conversation, Fred Heiding discusses the critical need for technical expertise in policy-making, emphasizing the importance of quantifying cybersecurity risks for effective decision-making. He highlights globalstrategies, particularly Japan's approach to cybersecurity for vulnerable populations, and the necessity of measuring the impact of cybersecurity initiatives. The discussion also touches on personal insights, including Heiding's love for surfing and the idea of a cybersecurity-themed bar, showcasing a blend of professional and personal perspectives. 00:00 - Introduction to Cybersecurity and AI Threats04:46 - Fred Heiding's Journey in Cybersecurity07:57 - National Cybersecurity Strategies: A GlobalPerspective10:56 - The Risks of Isolationism in Cybersecurity13:44 - Collaboration in Cybersecurity: Challenges andOpportunities16:40 - The Role of Academia in Cybersecurity Frameworks19:29 - Bridging the Gap: Technical Talent in Policy Making22:33 - Future Directions in Cybersecurity Education27:53 - The Need for Technical Expertise in Policy Making29:00 - Quantifying Risk in Cybersecurity33:39 - Global Strategies in Cybersecurity37:04 - Measuring Impact of Cybersecurity Strategies40:24 - Personal Insights and Downtime42:29 - The Concept of a Cybersecurity-Themed BarSYMLINKS[LinkedIn] - linkedin.com/in/fheidingDr. Heiding is a research fellow at both the Harvard KennedySchool's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. His work focuses on AI-enhanced cyberattacks, cybersecurity policy, and global cybercrimemitigation. He also collaborates with the World Economic Forum's Centre for Cybersecurity and teaches at Harvard Business School.[ Fred Heiding – Personal Website] -  https://www.fredheiding.com/Dr. Heiding's personal website outlines his mission todevelop defense systems resilient against superintelligent AI attacks. It features his research on AI-driven phishing tools, cybersecurity strategies, and the intersection of AI and human factors in security.[Black Hat] - https://www.blackhat.comAn internationally recognized cybersecurity conference where experts and researchers, including Dr. Fred Heiding, present cutting-edge research on information security. Black Hat is known for its focus on deep technical content and real-world relevance.[DEF CON] - https://defcon.orgOne of the world's largest and most notable hacker conventions, often held annually in Las Vegas. It showcases critical findings and demonstrations in cybersecurity, where researchers like Dr. Heiding share their insights.[IEEE Access] - https://ieeeaccess.ieee.orgA multidisciplinary, open-access journal of the IEEE that features research from all fields of engineering and technology. Dr. Heiding's work has been published here, underlining its technical credibility.[Harvard Business Review] - https://hbr.orgA leading publication on business strategy and practice, affiliated with Harvard University. Dr. Heiding's research featured here likely emphasizes the intersection of technology, security, and organizational impact.[Harvard Kennedy School] - https://www.hks.harvard.eduA graduate school of public policy and government at Harvard University where Dr. Heiding teaches and conducts policy-relevant cybersecurity research.

This episode looks at the early days of Christmas trees, the origin of glass ornaments, and the practice of mounting lit candles on trees before electric bulbs were invented. Research: · “36 Perish as Party Guests Stampede to Flee Flames.” The Minneapolis Star. Dec 25, 1924. https://www.newspapers.com/image/178762039/ · “Accident From a Christmas Tree.” The Morning Post. Jan 11, 1850. https://www.newspapers.com/image/402121758/?match=1&terms=%22christmas%20tree%22%20Victoria · Barnes, Allison. “The First Christmas Tree. History Today. December 12, 2006. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/history-matters/first-christmas-tree · Brittain, J. E. "John R. Crouse and the Society for Electrical Development [Scanning the Past]." Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 86, no. 12, pp. 2475-2477, Dec. 1998. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/735455 · Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Woolworth Co.." Encyclopedia Britannica, 30 Nov. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/money/Woolworth-Co · “A Christmas tree candle set fire … “ The Jersey City News. Jan. 9, 1892. https://www.newspapers.com/image/856106974/?match=1&terms=christmas%20tree%20candles%20fire · Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, and Ernest Hartley Coleridge, ed. “LETTERS OFSAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE.” London. William Heinemann. 1895. Accessed online: https://gutenberg.org/files/44553/44553-h/44553-h.htm · Flander, Judith. “Christmas: A Biography.” Thomas Dunne Books. 2017. · Foyle, Jonathan. “The Business of Baubles – and the Town That Invented Them.” Financial Times. Dec. 19, 2014. https://www.ft.com/content/ce33a468-812a-11e4-b956-00144feabdc0 · “Glass Christmas Ornaments.” The German Way. https://www.german-way.com/history-and-culture/holidays-and-celebrations/christmas/glass-christmas-ornaments/ · Loud, Nicholas. “The History of Christmas Decorations in America.” Saturday Evening Post. December 2020. https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2020/12/the-history-of-christmas-decorations-in-america/ · Lorch, Mark. “The Forgotten Scientist Who Made Modern Christmas Ornaments Possible.” Fast Company. Dec. 21, 2021. https://www.fastcompany.com/90707875/the-forgotten-scientist-who-made-modern-christmas-ornaments-possible · Malanowski, Jamie. “Untangling the History of Christmas Lights.” Smithsonian. December 2016. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/untangling-history-christmas-lights-180961140/ · “No Christmas Tree Fires Are Reported Here.” Alton Evening Telegraph. Dec. 28. 1921. https://www.newspapers.com/image/19919324/?match=1&terms=christmas%20tree%20candles%20fire · “A few years ago the caution …” Daily Plainsman. Dec. 12, 1929. https://www.newspapers.com/image/23432095/?match=1&terms=christmas%20tree%20candles%20fire · “Christmas Tree Candles – Fire.” The Courier-Journal of Louisville. Jan. 05, 1909. https://www.newspapers.com/image/119330231/?match=1&terms=christmas%20tree%20candles%20fire · “The Christmas Tree at Windsor Castle.” The Morning Post. Dec. 28, 1848. https://www.newspapers.com/image/402196932/?match=1&terms=%22christmas%20tree%22%20Victoria · “Feiker Takes Commerce Post.” New York Times. July 2, 1931. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1931/07/02/113339929.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 · “German Hospital, Dalston.” The Morning Post. Jan. 1, 1848. https://www.newspapers.com/image/402129709/?match=1&terms=%22christmas%20tree%22%20Victoria · Prior, Dr. M. Faye. “Trimming the Tree – Glass and metal Christmas tree decorations.” York Museum Trust. https://www.yorkmuseumstrust.org.uk/blog/trimming-the-tree-glass-and-metal-christmas-tree-decorations/ · Roberts, Sam. “Si Spiegel, War Hero Who Modernized Christmas Trees, Dies at 99.” New York Times. Feb. 11, 2024. · Scinto, Madeleine. “Americans Are Spending A Whopping $6 Billion On Christmas Decorations This Year.” Business Insider. Dec. 7, 2011. https://www.businessinsider.com/americans-are-spending-a-record-6-billion-on-christmas-decorations-2011-12 · Shapiro, Laurie Gwen. “He Bombed the Nazis, Outwitted the Soviets and Modernized Christmas.” New York Times. Dec. 17, 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/17/nyregion/bomber-pilot-christmas-trees.html · Tikkanen, Amy. "How Did the Tradition of Christmas Trees Start? ". Encyclopedia Britannica, 2 Dec. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/story/how-did-the-tradition-of-christmas-trees-start · Waxman, Olivia B. “How Christmas Trees Became a Holiday Tradition.” TIME. Dec. 21, 2020. https://time.com/5736523/history-of-christmas-trees/ · Waxman, Olivia B. “The Electricity Lobby Was Behind the First National Christmas Tree Lighting.” TIME. Dec. 1, 2016. https://time.com/4580764/national-christmas-tree-lighting-history-origins/ · Waxman, Olivia B. “This Was the First Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree.” TIME. Nov. 30, 2016. https://time.com/4578685/first-rockefeller-center-christmas-tree-lighting/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.