Podcasts about qgp

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van der Schee, W (Universiteit Utrecht) Tuesday 17 September 2013, 15:00-15:30

Each year, for about four weeks at a time, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is configured to collide heavy nuclei producing beams with energy perhaps never before present in the Universe. We use large particle detectors and frontier experimental techniques to understand properties of quark gluon plasma (QGP), a new phase of matter recreated in these experiments. It is very likely that QGP was present in early Universe, till about 30 microsecond after the Big Bang. In this talk I will introduce the overall laboratory research program and present some of recent results. QGP is formed in laboratory with temperature millions times the temperature in the interior of the Sun and it exhibits many unusual properties which I will describe. For example, QGP is capable to slow down or absorb very energetic partons and significantly modify the production of particles containing heavy bottom and charm quarks. I will also discuss the relevance of the anisotropy in particle production to diagnose properties of strongly interacting matter.

In this dissertation we use gauge/gravity duality to investigate various phenomena of strongly coupled field theories. Of special interest are quantum phase transitions, quantum critical points, transport phenomena of charges and the thermalization process of strongly coupled medium. The systems studied in this thesis might be used as models for describing condensed matter physics in a superfluid phase near the quantum critical point and the physics of quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a deconfinement phase of QCD, which has been recently created at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Moreover, we follow the line of considering different gravity setups whose dual field descriptions show interesting phenomena of systems in thermal equilibrium, slightly out-of-equilibrium and far-from-equilibrium. We first focus on systems in equilibrium and construct holographic superfluids at finite baryon and isospin charge densities. For that we use two different approaches, the bottom-up with an U(2) Einstein-Yang-Mills theory with back-reaction and the top-down approach with a D3=D7 brane setup with two coincident D7-brane probes. In both cases we observe phase transitions from a normal to a superfluid phase at finite and also at zero temperature. In our setup, the gravity duals of superfluids are Anti-de Sitter black holes which develop vector-hair. Studying the order of phase transitions at zero temperature, in the D3=D7 brane setup we always find a second order phase transition, while in the Einstein-Yang-Mills theory, depending on the strength of the back-reaction, we obtain a continuous or first order transition. We then move to systems which are slightly out-of-equilibrium. Using the D3/D7 brane setup with Nc coincident D3-branes and Nf coincident D7-brane probes, we compute transport coefficients associated with massive N = 2 supersymmetric hypermultiplet fields propagating through an N = 4 SU(Nc) super Yang-Mills plasma inthe limit of Nf

In this dissertation we use the gauge/gravity duality to investigate various properties of strongly coupled gauge theories, which we interpret as models for the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). In particular, we use variants of the D3/D7 setup as an implementation of the top-down approach of connecting string theory with phenomenologically relevant gauge theories. We focus on the effects of finite temperature and finite density on fundamental matter in the holographic quark-gluon plasma, which we model as the N=2 hypermultiplet in addition to the N=4 gauge multiplet of supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. As a key ingredient we develop a setup in which we can describe vector meson spectra in the holographic plasma at finite temperature and either baryon or isospin density. The resulting spectral functions are valid for all values of quark mass and temperature. They show the expected features of meson melting at high temperatures and are in agreement with the previously derived spectra for the zero temperature and zero density limit. Moreover, we are able to give a description of in-medium effects of finite particle density which are in qualitative agreement with phenomenological models and experimental observations. The description of vector meson excitations furthermore allows for a demonstration of the splitting of their spectrum at finite isospin chemical potential. In the effort to better understand transport processes in the QGP, we then study various diffusion coefficients in the quark-gluon plasma, including their dependence on temperature and particle density. In particular, we perform a simple calculation to obtain the diffusion coefficient of baryon charge and we derive expressions to obtain the isospin diffusion coefficient. Furthermore, we make use of an effective model to study the diffusion behavior of mesons in the plasma by setting up a kinetic model. The setup we chose allows to carry out computations at weak and strong coupling which we compare in order to estimate the effects of the coupling strength on mesonic diffusion and therewith equilibration processes in the QGP. Finally, we observe the implications of finite temperature and finite baryon or isospin density on the phase structure of fundamental matter in the holographic plasma. As one consequence we find a phase transition in the baryon diffusion coefficient which vanishes at a critical value of the particle density. The critical density we quantify matches the values of the according critical densities previously found in the phase transitions of other quantities. More important, we observe a new phase transition occurring when the isospin chemical potential excesses a critical bound, which depends on the temperature of the medium. Beyond this point we observe an instability of the system under consideration. In this way we trace out the border of a new phase in the phase diagram of fundamental matter in the holographic plasma.