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Study Guide Shabbat 116 Today’s daf is sponsored by Jordy Hyman in honor of the birthday of two special friends, Natalie Taylor and Tanya Winchester Behr, who are both partners in my daf adventure. May your learning continue to be meaning and inspiring, and may we share many siyums together! And by Rabbi Dani Passow, the Orthodox Rabbi at Harvard Hillel in honor of Jaime Drucker, Harvard Hillel's Assistant Director. Jaime inspires me and all our students with her personal dedication to Talmud Torah and commitment to making Torah accessible and meaningful to all. Thank you. Why are there 2 upside-down letter nuns around the section in Bamidbar "and when the ark traveled"? Why is this passage so central? Can one remove a blank parchment of a sacred book from a fire? The gemara attempts five times to answer this question from other sources but each attempt is rejected. What does one do with sacred books written by a heretic? The gemara discusses debates between Jews and early Christians and a section that was removed by the censure has "drashot" on the word "evangelion" having negative connotations. A story is also brought about a corrupt judge from the early Christians whose corruption was brought public in a creative way by Rabban Gamliel and his sister, Ima Shalom. Why don't we read from ketuvim? Under what circumstances? Rav and Shmuel disagree and there are different versions regarding their disagreement. One can also remove the cover of sacred books. To what type of space is one allowed to remove sacred texts into? The gemara brings a braita in which Rabbi Yismael son of Rabbi Yochanan ben Broka disagrees with the rabbis regarding removal on Shabbat of the hide of the animal being sacrificed before burning on the altar. Can one flay the all the skin or only up to the chest? The rabbis question Rabbi Yishmael and there are various versions of the question asked.  

Study Guide Shabbat 116 Today’s daf is sponsored by Jordy Hyman in honor of the birthday of two special friends, Natalie Taylor and Tanya Winchester Behr, who are both partners in my daf adventure. May your learning continue to be meaning and inspiring, and may we share many siyums together! And by Rabbi Dani Passow, the Orthodox Rabbi at Harvard Hillel in honor of Jaime Drucker, Harvard Hillel's Assistant Director. Jaime inspires me and all our students with her personal dedication to Talmud Torah and commitment to making Torah accessible and meaningful to all. Thank you. Why are there 2 upside-down letter nuns around the section in Bamidbar "and when the ark traveled"? Why is this passage so central? Can one remove a blank parchment of a sacred book from a fire? The gemara attempts five times to answer this question from other sources but each attempt is rejected. What does one do with sacred books written by a heretic? The gemara discusses debates between Jews and early Christians and a section that was removed by the censure has "drashot" on the word "evangelion" having negative connotations. A story is also brought about a corrupt judge from the early Christians whose corruption was brought public in a creative way by Rabban Gamliel and his sister, Ima Shalom. Why don't we read from ketuvim? Under what circumstances? Rav and Shmuel disagree and there are different versions regarding their disagreement. One can also remove the cover of sacred books. To what type of space is one allowed to remove sacred texts into? The gemara brings a braita in which Rabbi Yismael son of Rabbi Yochanan ben Broka disagrees with the rabbis regarding removal on Shabbat of the hide of the animal being sacrificed before burning on the altar. Can one flay the all the skin or only up to the chest? The rabbis question Rabbi Yishmael and there are various versions of the question asked.  

Study Guide Shabbat 113 Today's daf is sponsored by Gitta Jaroslawicz Neufeld in memory of her father, Yosef Ben Menachem Mendel v’Pesha z"l and by Harriet Hartman in memory of her husband Moshe ben Yehuda Aryeh z"l on his first yahrzeit. What kind of knot can be tied to a pail? What about to an animal and its eating trough? Can one fold laundry on Shabbat? Make one's bed? On what does it depend? The gemara extrapolates a verse in Isaiah relating to how one's behavior on Shabbat should be different than during the week in terms of dress, speech and walking. In the context of fancy clothing, the gemara sidetracks to discuss drashot from the book of Ruth relating to Ruth and Boaz's behavior in the story as well as allusions in the story to events that would happen in the future. 

Study Guide Shabbat 113 Today's daf is sponsored by Gitta Jaroslawicz Neufeld in memory of her father, Yosef Ben Menachem Mendel v’Pesha z"l and by Harriet Hartman in memory of her husband Moshe ben Yehuda Aryeh z"l on his first yahrzeit. What kind of knot can be tied to a pail? What about to an animal and its eating trough? Can one fold laundry on Shabbat? Make one's bed? On what does it depend? The gemara extrapolates a verse in Isaiah relating to how one's behavior on Shabbat should be different than during the week in terms of dress, speech and walking. In the context of fancy clothing, the gemara sidetracks to discuss drashot from the book of Ruth relating to Ruth and Boaz's behavior in the story as well as allusions in the story to events that would happen in the future. 

Study Guide Shabbat 112 Today's daf is sponsored by Eli and Karen Wilchek in memory of Oz Wilchek, z"l. And by Dena Dena and Mark Levie and family in honor of Dena’s father, Rabbi Avi Weiss's birthday. Rabbi Weiss is a pioneer for women’s learning and a true role model for am Yisroel. May he continue teaching in good health for many more years to come.  Which knots can one tie on Shabbat, which are forbidden by rabbinic law and which by Torah law? The gemara goes over the cases in the mishna that are permitted and explains why each needed to be stated and wasn't obvious. The gemara brings two cases where someone's shoe tore on Shabbat and the law was different in each case - why? Is the shoe considered muktze if the outer strap breaks since even if one fixes it, one may be embarrassed to walk around with a noticeable fix? If one can switch left and right shoes (in those days shoes were symmetrical), why would it matter if it were the outer or inner one as one can switch it to the other foot and it will be on the inside? According to whom in this debate does Rabbi Yochanan hold?

Study Guide Shabbat 112 Today's daf is sponsored by Eli and Karen Wilchek in memory of Oz Wilchek, z"l. And by Dena Dena and Mark Levie and family in honor of Dena’s father, Rabbi Avi Weiss's birthday. Rabbi Weiss is a pioneer for women’s learning and a true role model for am Yisroel. May he continue teaching in good health for many more years to come.  Which knots can one tie on Shabbat, which are forbidden by rabbinic law and which by Torah law? The gemara goes over the cases in the mishna that are permitted and explains why each needed to be stated and wasn't obvious. The gemara brings two cases where someone's shoe tore on Shabbat and the law was different in each case - why? Is the shoe considered muktze if the outer strap breaks since even if one fixes it, one may be embarrassed to walk around with a noticeable fix? If one can switch left and right shoes (in those days shoes were symmetrical), why would it matter if it were the outer or inner one as one can switch it to the other foot and it will be on the inside? According to whom in this debate does Rabbi Yochanan hold?

Study Guide Shabbat 111 A cup of ikarin - it is forbidden on Shabbat but how can one drink it on a regular day if it causes one to become sterile - isn't that forbidden. The gemara attempts to establish the case in the mishna to be one where one would not be commanded - several attempts are rejected until the gemara finds an answer. Can one gargle with vinegar to help with teeth issues? Is vinegar good for one's teeth? A braita says one can gargle and swallow - how does that work with our mishna? Rava and Abaye suggest different answers but Rava's is questioned by something he holds elsewhere regarding going to the mikveh on Yom Kippur. One can annoint a wound with oil but not rose oil, as it was uncommon to use it and therefore it would be obvious that one was using it for medicinal purposes. Sons of kings used it more commonly and therefore it was allowed for them. Rabbi Shimon holds that everyone is like the sons of kings and it is permitted to all. Rav holds like Rabbi Shimon. The gemara questions how this can be the case as it is known that Rav does not hold like Rabbi Shimon. The gemara concludes that his reality was different and rose oil was commonly used and that's why he allowed it and not because he agreed with Rabbi Shimon. The new chapter begins with tying knots - what types are prohibited by Torah law and which are permitted?   

Study Guide Shabbat 111 A cup of ikarin - it is forbidden on Shabbat but how can one drink it on a regular day if it causes one to become sterile - isn't that forbidden. The gemara attempts to establish the case in the mishna to be one where one would not be commanded - several attempts are rejected until the gemara finds an answer. Can one gargle with vinegar to help with teeth issues? Is vinegar good for one's teeth? A braita says one can gargle and swallow - how does that work with our mishna? Rava and Abaye suggest different answers but Rava's is questioned by something he holds elsewhere regarding going to the mikveh on Yom Kippur. One can annoint a wound with oil but not rose oil, as it was uncommon to use it and therefore it would be obvious that one was using it for medicinal purposes. Sons of kings used it more commonly and therefore it was allowed for them. Rabbi Shimon holds that everyone is like the sons of kings and it is permitted to all. Rav holds like Rabbi Shimon. The gemara questions how this can be the case as it is known that Rav does not hold like Rabbi Shimon. The gemara concludes that his reality was different and rose oil was commonly used and that's why he allowed it and not because he agreed with Rabbi Shimon. The new chapter begins with tying knots - what types are prohibited by Torah law and which are permitted?   

Study Guide Shabbat 110 Today's shiur is dedicated by my parents, Robert and Paula Cohen in memory of my grandfather, Chaim Avraham ben Alter Gershon HaKohen z"l.  What are remedies for one who has an issue with a snake, i.e. swallowed by, bitten by, pursued by a snake or pursued for sexual pursuits? What is "water of dekalim" mentioned in the mishna or "a cup of ikarin" that cannot be drunk on Shabbat? What are these used for and what are alternatives if one doesn't have them or it isn't effective? How can one drink "a cup of ikarin" if it causes one to become sterile - isn't that forbidden? 

Study Guide Shabbat 110 Today's shiur is dedicated by my parents, Robert and Paula Cohen in memory of my grandfather, Chaim Avraham ben Alter Gershon HaKohen z"l.  What are remedies for one who has an issue with a snake, i.e. swallowed by, bitten by, pursued by a snake or pursued for sexual pursuits? What is "water of dekalim" mentioned in the mishna or "a cup of ikarin" that cannot be drunk on Shabbat? What are these used for and what are alternatives if one doesn't have them or it isn't effective? How can one drink "a cup of ikarin" if it causes one to become sterile - isn't that forbidden? 

Study Guide Shabbat 107 Today's daf is sponsored by Dr. Robin Zeiger and Professor Jonathan Ben-Ezra in honor of their daughter Bracha, of whom they are so proud that she is giving a siyum on Maseachet Taanit. And by Lillian Cohen in memory of her father Kurt Philipp, David ben Tzvi, z"l on what would have been his 91st birthday. And in honor of Father's Day by Carolyn Benger in honor of her father, Bernhard Benger (Dov ben Zvi). "He was my first teacher and opened my eyes to Torah. I miss you everyday, Daddy, and am thinking of you this Father's Day." And in honor of Paul Gompers, an exemplary Dad in every way. Love, Sivan, Annika and Zoe. And in honor of Adam Cohen from his children. Your dedication to learning Daf Yomi as well as living a true Torah lifestyle is truly inspiring. We love you so much. Love, Max Hannah Sam and Celia. If an animal or bird are already captured, one can prevent it from getting out and keep it captured. What are the three known cases where the tannaim say "one is exempt" and they mean that it is permitted even by Torah law? According to the mishna, if one captures one of the eight creeply crawling creatures listed in the Torah (whose dead bodies carry impurities) or injures it, one is obligated and any others one is exempt. Why? There is a debate in the gemara whether this is only according to Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri or the rabbis also? Rav thinks it is also the rabbis (they only disagree regarding impurity, not Shabbat). The gemara questions this opinion from two tanaitic sources which imply that they disagree also about Shabbat. From where do we learn what defines "an injury" that one would be obligated for? Other creatures according to the mishna, one is exempt for capturing or injuring - this would imply that they would be obligated for killing them. Is that a subject of debate or do all agree? If one captures a creature not for its own purpose but to prevent it from bothering or some other reason, one is exempt, according to the mishna. This is according to Rabbi Shimon who exempt in a case of melacha seaina tzricha legufa. 

Study Guide Shabbat 107 Today's daf is sponsored by Dr. Robin Zeiger and Professor Jonathan Ben-Ezra in honor of their daughter Bracha, of whom they are so proud that she is giving a siyum on Maseachet Taanit. And by Lillian Cohen in memory of her father Kurt Philipp, David ben Tzvi, z"l on what would have been his 91st birthday. And in honor of Father's Day by Carolyn Benger in honor of her father, Bernhard Benger (Dov ben Zvi). "He was my first teacher and opened my eyes to Torah. I miss you everyday, Daddy, and am thinking of you this Father's Day." And in honor of Paul Gompers, an exemplary Dad in every way. Love, Sivan, Annika and Zoe. And in honor of Adam Cohen from his children. Your dedication to learning Daf Yomi as well as living a true Torah lifestyle is truly inspiring. We love you so much. Love, Max Hannah Sam and Celia. If an animal or bird are already captured, one can prevent it from getting out and keep it captured. What are the three known cases where the tannaim say "one is exempt" and they mean that it is permitted even by Torah law? According to the mishna, if one captures one of the eight creeply crawling creatures listed in the Torah (whose dead bodies carry impurities) or injures it, one is obligated and any others one is exempt. Why? There is a debate in the gemara whether this is only according to Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri or the rabbis also? Rav thinks it is also the rabbis (they only disagree regarding impurity, not Shabbat). The gemara questions this opinion from two tanaitic sources which imply that they disagree also about Shabbat. From where do we learn what defines "an injury" that one would be obligated for? Other creatures according to the mishna, one is exempt for capturing or injuring - this would imply that they would be obligated for killing them. Is that a subject of debate or do all agree? If one captures a creature not for its own purpose but to prevent it from bothering or some other reason, one is exempt, according to the mishna. This is according to Rabbi Shimon who exempt in a case of melacha seaina tzricha legufa. 

Study Guide Shabbat 106 Is it true that any destructive act, one is not obligated by Torah law for doing on Shabbat? What about burning a fire and inflicting a bodily injury? There is a debate between Rabbi Shimon and Rabbi Yehuda. When is one obligated for trapping an animal, bird or fish? What are the differences between them? On what does it depend? 

Study Guide Shabbat 106 Is it true that any destructive act, one is not obligated by Torah law for doing on Shabbat? What about burning a fire and inflicting a bodily injury? There is a debate between Rabbi Shimon and Rabbi Yehuda. When is one obligated for trapping an animal, bird or fish? What are the differences between them? On what does it depend? 

Study Guide Shabbat 105 Today's daf is dedicated by Ricki Gerger in honor of Orli Halpern, an 11-year-old girl in Takoma Park, Maryland, who is recovering from a liver transplant. She is the bravest person she knows.  From where in the Torah do we learn that there are abbreviations? The gemara finishes up the issue of writing with a debate regarding one who wrote two letters but in between found out that it was Shabbat or that it was forbidden to write. What are the requisite amount for weaving and other related melachot? One who tears to sew two stiches is olbigated but what about one who tears their clothing for a dead person or out of anger - is that considered a productive act or a destructive act? The gemara talks about the importance of eulogizing and mourning for others.

Study Guide Shabbat 105 Today's daf is dedicated by Ricki Gerger in honor of Orli Halpern, an 11-year-old girl in Takoma Park, Maryland, who is recovering from a liver transplant. She is the bravest person she knows.  From where in the Torah do we learn that there are abbreviations? The gemara finishes up the issue of writing with a debate regarding one who wrote two letters but in between found out that it was Shabbat or that it was forbidden to write. What are the requisite amount for weaving and other related melachot? One who tears to sew two stiches is olbigated but what about one who tears their clothing for a dead person or out of anger - is that considered a productive act or a destructive act? The gemara talks about the importance of eulogizing and mourning for others.

Study Guide Shabbat 104 In writing a sefer torah, if a mem which is used in the middle of a word can function as a mem at the end of a word, would the same hold true in the reverse case? Historically, did one precede the other? The gemara brings a drasha on the meaning of all the letters in the Hebrew alphabet and also regarding the direction and shapes of the letters. Drashot are also brought using codes like Aleph-Tav, Bet-Shin and others. In what ways and with what types of ink is one obligated to bring a sin offering if one wrote on Shabbat and in what ways is one exempt from a sin offering (but obligated by rabbinic law). Is one obligated if one wrote over letters already written or added one letter to a letter that was already written and formed a word or wrote two letters nowhere near each other? What if one wrote on one's body? Or scratches letters on his body? A story is told of Ben Setada who etched secret magic spells on his flesh to be able to sneak it out of Egypt. There is a section about him that was removed by the censor. Was it referring to Jesus? If one wrote the last letter of a book, is that forbidden by Torah law? What if one wrote one letter in two different cities (one letter in each city)?

Study Guide Shabbat 104 In writing a sefer torah, if a mem which is used in the middle of a word can function as a mem at the end of a word, would the same hold true in the reverse case? Historically, did one precede the other? The gemara brings a drasha on the meaning of all the letters in the Hebrew alphabet and also regarding the direction and shapes of the letters. Drashot are also brought using codes like Aleph-Tav, Bet-Shin and others. In what ways and with what types of ink is one obligated to bring a sin offering if one wrote on Shabbat and in what ways is one exempt from a sin offering (but obligated by rabbinic law). Is one obligated if one wrote over letters already written or added one letter to a letter that was already written and formed a word or wrote two letters nowhere near each other? What if one wrote on one's body? Or scratches letters on his body? A story is told of Ben Setada who etched secret magic spells on his flesh to be able to sneak it out of Egypt. There is a section about him that was removed by the censor. Was it referring to Jesus? If one wrote the last letter of a book, is that forbidden by Torah law? What if one wrote one letter in two different cities (one letter in each city)?

Study Guide Shabbat 103 Today's shiur is dedicated by Deborah Lewis in honor of Janet Lachais and by Sima Greenberg in memory of Paula Zaager z"l. Why is one obligated for banging a sledgehammer on the anvil? What is the requisite amount for plowing, weeding, reaping, gathering wood, writing? It depends on what purpose one was doing it? Why is that important - if one weeds for the purposes of using what one weeded and not for benefitting the land, in any case the land benefits and therefore it is a case of a psik reisha (if will definitely happen) and even Rabbi Shimon agrees in this case that one would be obligated, even if one didn't intend (davar sheaino mitkaven)? The gemara's answer has important ramifications for understanding Rabbi Shimon's opinion. The gemara brings various opinions regarding writing on Shabbat. Does one need to write letters or is one also obligated for writing symbols and notations? What if one writes two of the same letter? If one intended to write a word and one stopped after two letters which also form a word, is one obligated? If in the Torah, one was supposed to write a mem in the middle of the word but wrote it as a mem used at the end of words, is that ok? Can one learn that from the sugya of writing on Shabbat? 

Study Guide Shabbat 103 Today's shiur is dedicated by Deborah Lewis in honor of Janet Lachais and by Sima Greenberg in memory of Paula Zaager z"l. Why is one obligated for banging a sledgehammer on the anvil? What is the requisite amount for plowing, weeding, reaping, gathering wood, writing? It depends on what purpose one was doing it? Why is that important - if one weeds for the purposes of using what one weeded and not for benefitting the land, in any case the land benefits and therefore it is a case of a psik reisha (if will definitely happen) and even Rabbi Shimon agrees in this case that one would be obligated, even if one didn't intend (davar sheaino mitkaven)? The gemara's answer has important ramifications for understanding Rabbi Shimon's opinion. The gemara brings various opinions regarding writing on Shabbat. Does one need to write letters or is one also obligated for writing symbols and notations? What if one writes two of the same letter? If one intended to write a word and one stopped after two letters which also form a word, is one obligated? If in the Torah, one was supposed to write a mem in the middle of the word but wrote it as a mem used at the end of words, is that ok? Can one learn that from the sugya of writing on Shabbat? 

Study Guide Shabbat 102 Today's daf is dedicated by Anoushka Adler in honor of her mother, Valerie Adler, a lover of Jewish learning and Jewish life, who has taken on studying the Daf. You are her biggest role model. And by Kay Weinberger in loving memory of her mother, Eva Redstone, Hava bat Chaim v'Sarah z"l, on her 20th Yahrzeit. The mishna says if one threw an item four cubits Unwittingly and then remembered before it landed and a dog ate it as it fell or it fell into a fire and burned, one is not obligated. In order to be obligated to bring a sin offering, one must have begun and ended the act unwittingly. The connection between the cases in the mishna and what exactly the mishna is referring to is a subject of debate as it seems to combine two different issues and possibly contradict itself. There are several different ways to read the mishna. The twelfth chapter begins with building. Is there a requisite amount that one would be responsible for building? If not, why not? What is the significance of building something so small? And where in the building of the mishkan was there of something so small? When building with stones, the act that is considered building depends of whether it is the top, middle or bottom row of stones. Which actions are considered building and which are considered forbidden on account of striking the final blow? Which are a subject of debate?  

Study Guide Shabbat 102 Today's daf is dedicated by Anoushka Adler in honor of her mother, Valerie Adler, a lover of Jewish learning and Jewish life, who has taken on studying the Daf. You are her biggest role model. And by Kay Weinberger in loving memory of her mother, Eva Redstone, Hava bat Chaim v'Sarah z"l, on her 20th Yahrzeit. The mishna says if one threw an item four cubits Unwittingly and then remembered before it landed and a dog ate it as it fell or it fell into a fire and burned, one is not obligated. In order to be obligated to bring a sin offering, one must have begun and ended the act unwittingly. The connection between the cases in the mishna and what exactly the mishna is referring to is a subject of debate as it seems to combine two different issues and possibly contradict itself. There are several different ways to read the mishna. The twelfth chapter begins with building. Is there a requisite amount that one would be responsible for building? If not, why not? What is the significance of building something so small? And where in the building of the mishkan was there of something so small? When building with stones, the act that is considered building depends of whether it is the top, middle or bottom row of stones. Which actions are considered building and which are considered forbidden on account of striking the final blow? Which are a subject of debate?