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Educators can no longer ignore our country’s history of Indigenous enslavement. Our students need a fuller understanding of the pivotal history of slavery to comprehend the present and develop a vision for our nation’s future. In this mid-season recap, we highlight key lessons about this consequential part of American history—along with teaching strategies and resources—through the voices of leading scholars and educators featured so far. Resources and Readings Guests Maureen Costello (Episode 1): Teaching Tolerance Eduardo Díaz (Episode 1): Smithsonian Latino Center Renée Gokey (Episode 1): National Museum of the American Indian Christina Snyder (Episodes 2 and 3): McCabe Greer Professor of History, Penn State University Debbie Reese (Episode 6): American Indians in Children's Literature Andrés Reséndez (Episodes 7 and 8): The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America References: Teaching Tolerance: Frameworks, Teaching Hard History Teaching Tolerance: Lesson, Rethinking Discovery Christina Snyder, Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America Christina Snyder, Great Crossings; Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in the Age of Jackson Teaching Hard History, Summary Objective 2 (Colonial enslavement of Indigenous people) Andrés Reséndez, A Land So Strange: The Epic Journey of Cabeza de Vaca Spain, Requerimiento: The Spanish Requirement of 1513 Teaching Tolerance, Teaching Thanksgiving in a Socially Responsible Way The New York Times, Everything You Learned About Thanksgiving Is Wrong Teaching Tolerance, Emancipation Proclamation Teaching Hard History, Summary Objective 16 (Lincoln and the Dakota 38) The New York Times, Lincoln and the Sioux Spanish forced labor, Encomienda Spanish forced labor, Repartimiento Southern United States, Convict leasing PBS: Slavery by Another Name, Slavery v. Peonage And you'll find a full episode transcript on our site.
Understanding Indigenous enslavement expands our conception of slavery in what is now the United States. It spread across the entire continent and affected millions of people of different backgrounds. If we define slavery too narrowly, we can fail to see its persistence over time and even its modern-day permutations. Historian Christina Snyder examines the Civil War, Lincoln and emancipation with Indigenous people in mind. Resources and Readings Teaching Hard History, K-5 Framework: Essential Knowledge #18 Teaching Hard History, 6-12 Framework: Objective #8 Teaching Hard History, 6-12 Framework: Objective #16 National Museum of the American Indian, Native Knowledge 360° Minnesota Historical Society, Dakota War of 1862 Christina Snyder McCabe Greer Professor of History, Penn State University Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America Great Crossings; Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in the Age of Jackson References: Teaching Tolerance, The Underground Railroad U.S. Supreme Court, Worcester v. Georgia Smithsonian film, The “Indian Problem” Malinda Maynor Lowery, The Lumbee Indians: An American Struggle University of Minnesota, Holocaust and Genocide Studies Teaching Tolerance, Emancipation Proclamation Time, How a Court Answered a Forgotten Question of Slavery’s Legacy WNET, Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) Crooked Media podcast, This Land And you'll find a full episode transcript on our site.
Millions of Indigenous people lived in North America before European colonial powers invaded. Along with an insatiable desire for free labor, Europeans brought systems of slavery that significantly differed from the historical practices of enslavement among Native nations. Historian Christina Snyder explains what happened when these worlds collided. European concepts of bondage transformed the way Native nations interacted, resulted in the enslavement and death of millions and sparked widespread resistance. Resources and Resources Teaching Tolerance: Lesson, Rethinking Discovery Teaching Tolerance: I am the Blood of the Conqueror, I am the Blood of the Conquered Teaching Tolerance: Stowage on the Slave Ship Brooks, 1788 Wikipedia: Requerimiento: The Spanish Requirement of 1513 Christina Snyder McCabe Greer Professor of History, Penn State University Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America Great Crossings; Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in the Age of Jackson References: Teaching Tolerance: Lesson, Precolumbian Native Peoples and Technology Doctrine of Discovery Teaching Tolerance: The Atlantic Slave Trade what too few textbooks told you U.S. Supreme Court, Johnson V. M’Intosh Wikipedia: Requerimiento: The Spanish Requirement of 1513 Mapping the Mississippian Shatter Zone: The Colonial Indian Slave Trade and Regional Instability in the American South Sarah Shear, Social Studies & Multicultural Education, University of Washington-Bothell And you'll find a full episode transcript on our site.
In "Great Crossings: Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in the Age of Jackson," prize-winning historian Christina Snyder reinterprets the history of Jacksonian America. Most often, this drama focuses on whites who turned west to conquer a continent, extending "liberty" as they went. Great Crossings also includes Native Americans from across the continent seeking new ways to assert anciently-held rights and people of African descent who challenged the United States to live up to its ideals. These diverse groups met in an experimental community in central Kentucky called Great Crossings, home to the first federal Indian school and a famous interracial family.Great Crossings embodied monumental changes then transforming North America. The United States, within the span of a few decades, grew from an East Coast nation to a continental empire. The territorial growth of the United States forged a multicultural, multiracial society, but that diversity also sparked fierce debates over race, citizenship, and America's destiny. Great Crossings, a place of race-mixing and cultural exchange, emerged as a battleground. Its history provides an intimate view of the ambitions and struggles of Indians, settlers, and slaves who were trying to secure their place in a changing world. Through deep research and compelling prose, Snyder introduces us to a diverse range of historical actors: Richard Mentor Johnson, the politician who reportedly killed Tecumseh and then became schoolmaster to the sons of his former foes; Julia Chinn, Johnson's enslaved concubine, who fought for her children's freedom; and Peter Pitchlynn, a Choctaw intellectual who, even in the darkest days of Indian removal, argued for the future of Indian nations. Together, their stories demonstrate how this era transformed colonizers and the colonized alike, sowing the seeds of modern America.Christina Snyder is the McCabe Greer Professor of History at Pennsylvania State University. She received her Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 2007. Her first book, Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America, earned a wide range of accolades, including the Berkshire Conference of Women Historians Book Prize, the James H. Broussard Prize from the Society for Historians of the Early American Republic, and the John C. Ewers Prize from the Western History Association. Her latest work is Great Crossings: Indians, Settlers, and Slaves in the Age of Jackson.Song Credit: Tommy Case's The Great Crossing Waltz.
Most readers are probably more familiar with the context of slavery or captivity in the context the African slave trade than in the Americas. Some may assume that slavery in the Americas was exclusively a phenomenon that became institutionalized into chattel slavery and racially codified exclusively against African Americans by the seventeenth-century. There has been increased scholarly attention over the last decade to expand our ideas of slavery, including scholarship about enslavement of African Americans within the “Five Civilized Tribes.” However, there has been little focus on the long and nuanced history of Native American captivity practices. Historian Christina Snyder argues that we have to re-imagine the history of captivity by understanding the evolution of such practices amongst Native Americans in her prize-winning book, Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America (Harvard University Press, 2010). Captivity practices existed amongst many indigenous nations from the pre-Columbian era throughout the nineteenth-century. She broadly describes the evolution of these practices from incorporating captives into kin networks, and to shifting notions of slavery that became codified by race. She begins her work by vividly describing Mississippian indigenous cultures of the pre-Columbian era, including the fascinating history of Cahokia, and the captives who were buried in these mounds. She also discusses the roles of Native American women, including Cherokee “beloved women” would were closely involved in determining the fate of captives. Her work is captivating and extensive, and greatly contributes to the historiography. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Most readers are probably more familiar with the context of slavery or captivity in the context the African slave trade than in the Americas. Some may assume that slavery in the Americas was exclusively a phenomenon that became institutionalized into chattel slavery and racially codified exclusively against African Americans by the seventeenth-century. There has been increased scholarly attention over the last decade to expand our ideas of slavery, including scholarship about enslavement of African Americans within the “Five Civilized Tribes.” However, there has been little focus on the long and nuanced history of Native American captivity practices. Historian Christina Snyder argues that we have to re-imagine the history of captivity by understanding the evolution of such practices amongst Native Americans in her prize-winning book, Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America (Harvard University Press, 2010). Captivity practices existed amongst many indigenous nations from the pre-Columbian era throughout the nineteenth-century. She broadly describes the evolution of these practices from incorporating captives into kin networks, and to shifting notions of slavery that became codified by race. She begins her work by vividly describing Mississippian indigenous cultures of the pre-Columbian era, including the fascinating history of Cahokia, and the captives who were buried in these mounds. She also discusses the roles of Native American women, including Cherokee “beloved women” would were closely involved in determining the fate of captives. Her work is captivating and extensive, and greatly contributes to the historiography. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Most readers are probably more familiar with the context of slavery or captivity in the context the African slave trade than in the Americas. Some may assume that slavery in the Americas was exclusively a phenomenon that became institutionalized into chattel slavery and racially codified exclusively against African Americans by the seventeenth-century. There has been increased scholarly attention over the last decade to expand our ideas of slavery, including scholarship about enslavement of African Americans within the “Five Civilized Tribes.” However, there has been little focus on the long and nuanced history of Native American captivity practices. Historian Christina Snyder argues that we have to re-imagine the history of captivity by understanding the evolution of such practices amongst Native Americans in her prize-winning book, Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America (Harvard University Press, 2010). Captivity practices existed amongst many indigenous nations from the pre-Columbian era throughout the nineteenth-century. She broadly describes the evolution of these practices from incorporating captives into kin networks, and to shifting notions of slavery that became codified by race. She begins her work by vividly describing Mississippian indigenous cultures of the pre-Columbian era, including the fascinating history of Cahokia, and the captives who were buried in these mounds. She also discusses the roles of Native American women, including Cherokee “beloved women” would were closely involved in determining the fate of captives. Her work is captivating and extensive, and greatly contributes to the historiography. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Most readers are probably more familiar with the context of slavery or captivity in the context the African slave trade than in the Americas. Some may assume that slavery in the Americas was exclusively a phenomenon that became institutionalized into chattel slavery and racially codified exclusively against African Americans by the seventeenth-century. There has been increased scholarly attention over the last decade to expand our ideas of slavery, including scholarship about enslavement of African Americans within the “Five Civilized Tribes.” However, there has been little focus on the long and nuanced history of Native American captivity practices. Historian Christina Snyder argues that we have to re-imagine the history of captivity by understanding the evolution of such practices amongst Native Americans in her prize-winning book, Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America (Harvard University Press, 2010). Captivity practices existed amongst many indigenous nations from the pre-Columbian era throughout the nineteenth-century. She broadly describes the evolution of these practices from incorporating captives into kin networks, and to shifting notions of slavery that became codified by race. She begins her work by vividly describing Mississippian indigenous cultures of the pre-Columbian era, including the fascinating history of Cahokia, and the captives who were buried in these mounds. She also discusses the roles of Native American women, including Cherokee “beloved women” would were closely involved in determining the fate of captives. Her work is captivating and extensive, and greatly contributes to the historiography. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices