Podcasts about neuronal circuits

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.27.550869v1?rss=1 Authors: Heuer, S. E., Nickerson, E. W., Howell, G. R., Bloss, E. B. Abstract: The disconnection of neuronal circuits through synaptic loss is presumed to be a major driver of age-related cognitive decline. Age-related cognitive decline is heterogeneous, yet whether genetic mechanisms differentiate successful from unsuccessful cognitive decline through synaptic structural mechanisms remains unknown. Previous work using rodent and primate models leveraged various techniques to suggest that age-related synaptic loss is widespread on pyramidal cells in prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuits but absent on those in area CA1 of the hippocampus. Here, we examined the effect of aging on synapses on projection neurons forming a hippocampal-cortico-thalamic circuit important for spatial working memory tasks from two genetically distinct mouse strains that exhibit susceptibility (C57BL/6J) or resistance (PWK/PhJ) to cognitive decline during aging. Across both strains, synapses on the CA1-to-PFC projection neurons appeared completely intact with age. In contrast, we found synapse loss on PFC-to-nucleus reuniens (RE) projection neurons from aged C57BL/6J but not PWK/PhJ mice. Moreover, synapses from aged PWK/PhJ mice but not from C57BL/6J exhibited morphological changes that suggest increased synaptic efficiency to depolarize the parent dendrite. Our findings suggest resistance to age-related cognitive decline results in part by age-related synaptic adaptations, and identification of these mechanisms in PWK/PhJ mice could uncover new therapeutic targets for promoting successful cognitive aging and extending human health span. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Lecture by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ornella Valenti, Neurobiologist, Medical University of Vienna.The lecture was held in the festival hall of the Archbishop's Palace in Vienna on 29/10/2022.An event by:Edith Stein Society Austria www.edith-stein-gesellschaft.atThe Carmelites in Austria www.karmel.atIf you would like to financially support the work of the Edith Stein Society in Austria, you can send a donation to the following account or through PayPal.We are grateful for your donations so that we can continue disseminating the life, work and influence of Edith Stein and her ideas. Please use the reference: Conference2022YTName: Edith Stein Gesellschaft ÖsterreichIBAN: AT11 3200 0000 1166 8209BIC: RLNWATWWKreditinstitut: RLB NOE-WIEN AG, 1190 Wien, Saarplatz 11-13.You can also donate via PayPal:https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=AGF45AP78PEPCSupport the show

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.24.513526v1?rss=1 Authors: Barabasi, D. L., Schuhknecht, G. F. P., Engert, F. Abstract: During development, the complex neuronal circuitry of the brain arises from limited information contained in the genome. After the genetic code instructs the birth of neurons, the emergence of brain regions, and the formation of axon tracts, it is believed that neuronal activity plays a critical role in shaping circuits for behavior. Current AI technologies are modeled after the same principle: connections in an initial weight matrix are pruned and strengthened by activity-dependent signals until the network can sufficiently generalize a set of inputs into outputs. Here, we challenge these learning-dominated assumptions by quantifying the contribution of neuronal activity to the development of visually guided swimming behavior in larval zebrafish. Intriguingly, dark-rearing zebrafish revealed that visual experience has no effect on the emergence of the optomotor response (OMR). We then raised animals under conditions where neuronal activity was pharmacologically silenced from organogenesis onward using the sodium-channel blocker tricaine. Strikingly, after washout of the anesthetic, animals performed swim bouts and responded to visual stimuli with 75% accuracy in the OMR paradigm. After shorter periods of silenced activity OMR performance stayed above 90% accuracy, calling into question the importance and impact of classical critical periods for visual development. Detailed quantification of the emergence of functional circuit properties by brain-wide imaging experiments confirmed that neuronal circuits came 'online' fully tuned and without the requirement for activity-dependent plasticity. Thus, we find that complex sensory guided behaviors can be wired up by activity-independent developmental mechanisms. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Rockefeller University's Alipasha Vaziri discusses new tools for understanding entire networks of neuronal circuits in the whole brain. Series: "Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind" [Science] [Show ID: 33286]

Harald Hess discusses using the fly brain is helping to understand the circuitry of the brain. Series: "Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind" [Science] [Show ID: 33287]

Rockefeller University's Alipasha Vaziri discusses new tools for understanding entire networks of neuronal circuits in the whole brain. Series: "Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind" [Science] [Show ID: 33286]

Harald Hess discusses using the fly brain is helping to understand the circuitry of the brain. Series: "Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind" [Science] [Show ID: 33287]

Brains are highly interconnected networks of millions to billions of neurons. How they work and how they process and store information − these questions are addressed differently by both speakers. Alexander Borst is interested in the processing of neuronal information at the level of individual neurons or small neuronal circuits. As an example he will present the structure of the neural circuit and its key elements responsible for performing the computations of photoreceptor signals in the visual system of the fly whereas Moritz Helmstädter develops and applies methods to map neuronal networks at a larger scale. In his talk, he gives insights into the new field of connectomics, the measurement of communication maps of neuronal circuits. | Center for Advanced Studies LMU: 14.01.2016 | Speakers: Prof. Dr. Alexander Borst, Dr. Moritz Helmstädter | Moderation: Prof. Dr. Martin Wirsing

Brains are highly interconnected networks of millions to billions of neurons. How they work and how they process and store information − these questions are addressed differently by both speakers. Alexander Borst is interested in the processing of neuronal information at the level of individual neurons or small neuronal circuits. As an example he will present the structure of the neural circuit and its key elements responsible for performing the computations of photoreceptor signals in the visual system of the fly whereas Moritz Helmstädter develops and applies methods to map neuronal networks at a larger scale. In his talk, he gives insights into the new field of connectomics, the measurement of communication maps of neuronal circuits. | Center for Advanced Studies LMU: 14.01.2016 | Speakers: Prof. Dr. Alexander Borst, Dr. Moritz Helmstädter | Moderation: Prof. Dr. Martin Wirsing