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Dale is the Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director for Inteleos, the umbrella governance and management organization for the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS), the Alliance for Physician Certification and Advancement (APCA) and the Point-of-Care Ultrasound Certification Academy Councils. Dale has been an executive within the certification community for 20 years. Inteleos is a dedicated ANSI-ISO 17024 accredited organization with over 115,000 active certificants across 70 countries and delivers computer-based examinations in 28 countries. Inteleos global expansion includes customizing assessment programs in China, Latin America, managing the Vascular Scientist assessment program in the United Kingdom and developing and validating varying standards of individual proficiencies in the use of Point-Of-Care Ultrasound through the POCUS Certification Academy. Dale has given numerous lectures and workshops in areas of business and certification throughout the world and presently sits on the Executive Committee for the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and is the immediate Past Chair of the Association of Talent Development (ATD) Credentialing Institute. Dale is also a co-inventor of a patent for a new type of test question and measurement. Dale has an MBA in finance from the Albers School of Business and Economics, Seattle, WA and also holds the Certified Association Executive (CAE) credential from the American Society of Association Executives (ASAE).
Why IoTs have created a security crisis and strained the communications infrastructure along the way. By Acreto IoT Security. 5G is coming! 5G is coming! But in the 4G LTE era where access is lightning fast, what is driving the push for 5G? 4G networks is a technology from the 2000's with one primary intent -- to enable mobile devices to take advantage of apps. In order for the apps, app stores, streaming and other services to be successful, mobile devices need to just plain work. This means they must work transparently, reliably and consistently for users to interface and interact with their apps and content. 4G solved the problem with 2G, which was data unusable, and 3G, that at best was used for email and some browsing in a pinch. To that extent, it has been a resounding success. However, connected devices have seeped into everyday life in a low-key and transparent way. So much so that the prevailing industry mantra is that "IoTs are coming". In reality, IoTs arrived long ago. Today, mobile phones are ubiquitous. So ubiquitous that the mobile phone market has all but saturated. However, IoTs that are perceived to be "coming" number twice that of mobile phones today (16 billion vs. 8 billion). Just think about how many smart devices are in your personal life already. All the smart TVs, smart thermostats, smart door locks and video doorbells, and more. Today, some version of anything and everything comes with an IP address. Tomorrow, everythingwill just be assumed to have an IP address. IoTs are used for measurement, reporting, monitoring, content dissemination, cost management or performing a variety of functions. And in many instances, technologies are IoT enabled due to plain old peer pressure. Everybody else is connected and we have to keep up with the Kardashians. Today, things that matter are connected - and there are a lot of things that matter. And we are well on our way on the trajectory for “connected everything” to be the standard. The exponential growth of connected devices has strained our communications infrastructure beyond its breaking point. This has driven the complete exhaustion of IPv4 addresses, which has forced unwilling network operators to fast-track transition to IPv6. Moreover, network operators have realized that much like IPv4, the 4G LTE network is cracking under the burden of connected devices. In reality, 4G just can't keep up with the scale trajectory and performance demands of IoT technologies. One of the key factors for 4G is that it is not decentralized enough. As decentralized as 4G networks are, they are still too centralized for the continuing increase in the volume of IoTs. There are three missing infrastructure elements that have to mature in order to fully support the scale, form and function of 21st century Internetwork of Everything. First, Scale - Comparatively, enterprise technologies are like a gorilla, emphasizing static tools, however, IoTs are like a swarm of bees. Completely manageable in small quantities, overwhelming in medium quantities and suffocating at full scale. Second, Form - In comparison to autonomous and network-centric technologies, IoTs are distributed and operate on many different public and private networks with dependencies on remote third-party operated applications and management. Third, Function - Today's standards-based technologies can be used in a variety of roles. Inversely, connected technologies are often small and resource limited, single-function devices that perform micro-functions. Connected devices, IoTs, cloud-enabled technologies or, whichever other name they may be referred to as, operate at a radically different scale, with radically different form and function characteristics. Ultimately, they demand a radically different technology infrastructure altogether. First, let’s talk about Addressing. The Internetwork of Everything requires each and every device, server, cloud, desktop and anything else that makes up the Internet – no matter how small – to have a unique identity. Today we primarily use the IPv4 addressing scheme. IPv4 has a maximum capacity of 4.2 billion addresses (4,294,967,296 to be exact). However, consider that we have over 8 billion mobile phones alone, and another 16 billion IoTs in use today, not to mention all the computers. The world has turned to tricks like Network Address Translation (NAT) in order to compensate, but these are just band-aids that are currently straining at the seams. IPv6 has been around since 1994 and in contrast to IPv4's 4 billion addresses, it sports 3.4 x 10 to the 38th power addresses – or 340 undecillion, 282 decillion, 366 nonillion, 920 octillion, 938 septillion, 463 sextillion, 463 quintillion, 374 quadrillion, 607 trillion, 431 billion, 768 million, 211 thousand and 456, to be exact. Its support for the next generation of IP addresses is adequate for the massive scale of IoTs – but, this also makes it more complex to configure. Many technologists have not had the "muscle memory" experience they have developed with IPv4. However, there are no IPv4 addresses left. Because of this, technologists are pushing to implement IPv6 on all their networks. All the major players have already fully implemented IPv6. Anecdotally, IPv6 is said to have as many IP addresses as we have grains of sand on the earth, which should serve us well in supporting the massive expansion of IoTs to near 50 billion in the next few years. Next, let’s talk about 5G Networks. 5G, as its name implies, is the 5th Generation of mobile networks. It has several advantages over previous generations of mobile network tech including scale, performance, and availability as well as demands on its constituent devices. Believe it or not, the highly decentralized 4G/LTE networks are not decentralized enough to support IoT and connected device platforms. It all comes down to density. The sheer number of IoTs are driving a level of density that can best be described by an "IoTs per square foot" model compared to today's devices per base station cell area. Making some broad, yet reasonable, assumptions, the average 4G/LTE cell tower today supports an area from a few miles up to 10 square miles. Each cell tower is supporting several thousand connections at up to one gigabit per second of data throughput. The number of mobile phones and IoTs in any cell area is starting to outpace the maximum connection or bandwidth capacity of the towers. At this rate it won't be long until portions of the infrastructure are fully saturated. Another factor that needs to be addressed is frequency spectrums. Currently, most mobile networks operate within the 700Mhz (Megahertz) to sub 3.0Ghz (Gigahertz) frequency spectrum. This sub 3.0Ghz spectrum is also becoming saturated, and will soon not be able to support the spectrum needed to support the volume of connected devices. This though, is where 5G networks really shine. 5G operates using a greater number of cell towers with smaller coverage areas each with the capability to support a greater number of devices. 5G also operates at much higher frequency ranges – from 3Ghz to 30Ghz. The additional range buys much more capacity for existing carriers as well as providing more operating room for additional more nuanced carrier networks. More carriers means more competition driving lower prices and more specialized service providers supporting specialty technologies. There is also more capacity and intelligence built into 5G. It uses cognitive techniques to distinguish between mobile and static devices to determine the best methods for content delivery to each network subscriber. 5G offers robust performance that meets or beats network bandwidth only available via fiber optic networks today. 5G has been tested in a lab up to an astonishing 1Tbps (Terabit per second) while still maintaining a real-world practical performance of 10 to 50Gbps. 5G's scale, capacity and performance is a game-changer. Finally, let’s talk about IoT Security. Aside from adequately scalable addressing and communications infrastructure, securing all of these distributed and diverse platforms that use them is another challenge that has to be overcome. Realistically, the combination of 1) unique identity for every individual technology that IPv6 provides, 2) the enhanced communications capacities and capabilities of 5G along with 3) the support for many to many communications that the combination of IPv6 and 5G offer, makes security not just important, but an imperative necessity. Today's security models are not adequate for the new generation of infrastructure. The challenge is that a whole new security model is necessary to support the IPv6 / 5G new generation of communications. On-device security is not viable because the sheer volume and large variety of unique and purpose-built technologies that need to be secured create an uncontrollable hyper-fragmented jumble of security tools. This creates a patchwork quilt of security tools that organizations have to acquire, implement, integrate, operationalize, manage, troubleshoot and refresh. A complete non-starter! Network security tools just don't support mobile and distributed technologies -- the very thing that 5G enables. This is like trying to fit a square peg in the security round hole. Then there are the cloud-based IoT security companies. Securing distributed platforms from the cloud is very viable, except that almost all IoT security cloud plays are what is referred to as "You're Screwed" technologies. They are notification oriented technologies that collect logs from devices and analyze them to determine malicious behavior. Once malicious behavior is detected, they notify administrators who have to manually respond to each incident. This approach is reactive and not sustainable at scale. The Future of IPv6, 5G and IoT Security. IPv6, 5G Networks and IoT Security are the critical trio that have to work cohesively and effectively at scale to serve as the enablement platforms for a more prolific use of Internet-of-Things. A shortcoming in any one of these areas translates to shortcomings in the overall solution. Today, IPv6 is well established and though not ubiquitous, it's close, and there is clarity on how to get it there. 5G is very much well on its way and the telcos have already started their 5G rollouts. Security still remains an unanswered challenge. Acreto recognizes the weakness in today's available security options and has developed a platform from the ground up to work hand-in-hand with IPv6 and 5G networks to empower and enable the Internet-of-Everything. Learn more about Acreto's platform on our website here. Also on our website, you can find links to the American Registry of Internet Numbers' (ARIN) notification to network providers of IPv4 address exhaustion, as well as another letter on how to deal with IP address depletion from the Number Resource Organization (NRO). Learn more or read online by visiting our web site: Acreto.io — On Twitter: @acretoio and if you haven’t done so, sign up for the Acreto IoT Security podcast. You can get it from Apple – Google or your favorite podcast app. About Acreto IoT Security Acreto IoT Security delivers advanced security for IoT Ecosystems, from the cloud. IoTs are slated to grow to 50 Billion by 2021. Acreto’s Ecosystem security protects all Clouds, users, applications, and purpose-built IoTs that are unable to defend themselves in-the-wild. The Acreto platform offers simplicity and agility, and is guaranteed to protect IoTs for their entire 8-20 year lifespan. The company is founded and led by an experienced management team, with multiple successful cloud security innovations. Learn more by visiting Acreto IoT Security on the web at acreto.io or on Twitter @acretoio.
Despite working with Chanelle for only a few months I came away from every interaction feeling confident that the patients we were working with together were going the get the absolute best care. She is a wonderful mix of confidence and compassion that makes every patient put 100% of their trust in her. I learned so much from her in this quick chat before her shift at the hospital and I know you will as well. Thank you Chanelle! Radiologic Technologists* Radiologic technologists perform diagnostic imaging examinations on patients that are licensed by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists, which is an organization offering credentialing in medical imaging, interventional procedures, and radiation therapy. 2017 Median Pay: $58,440 per year ($28/hour) Educational Degree: Associate's Degree Number of US jobs in 2016: 241,700 10 Year Job Outlook: 13% growth, faster then avg. *Sourced from and edited based on information found on Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Radiologic and MRI Technologists, on the Internet at https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/radiologic-technologists.htm (visited October 25, 2018). Terms Covered in Episode AART - American Registry of Radiologic Technologists Inpatient/Outpatient - Inpatient is someone staying, at minimum, overnight in the hospital, outpatient generally refers to a clinic patient. Pre/Post Op – The phase just prior to or after surgery for a patient Fluoroscopy - Imaging technique that uses X-rays to obtain real-time moving images of the interior of an object. Radiologist - Physician who specializes in interpreting diagnostic images such as CT, MRI, X-ray, etc. May also perform procedures during diagnostic tests. Psych Patient - Someone generally suffering from a schizophrenic break, suicidal thoughts, or self harm when they are seen in the Emergency Room. Constipation - Difficult time having a bowel movement (poop), induced by lack of hydration and movement when in the hospital, may progress to the more severe term call "Obstipation." Small Bowel Obstruction - Physical blockage of the small intestine more commonly due to previous surgeries that can cause adhesions (walls of intestines stick together). May resolve on it’s own with time or may require surgery to correct. Abdominal series - Used to help diagnose cause of abdominal pain. X-ray series that usually consists of a standing abdominal x-ray, laying abdominal x-ray, and chest x-ray. Diagnose - Identifying the cause of the medical issue. R.T. (Respiratory Therapy) - Therapists in the hospital that assist in all manner of care regarding the respiratory system during times of recovery from illness, injury, or maintenance of a long term lung disease. O.R. (Operating Room) - Where surgeries take placeEsophagram - Exam performed of the esophagus (tube that goes from mouth to stomach) to assess frequent heartburn (upper abdominal pain), gastric reflux (food/acid coming back up), aspiration (food or fluid in your wind pipe, aka Trachea), difficulty eating, drinking, or swallowing.Barium Sulfate - Low toxicity high density chemical compound used as a radio contrast agent in x-ray and other imaging of the digestive tract. Speech Therapy - Therapist who specialize in all manner related to language formation and often assist patients who are having difficulty eating to help properly retrain or assess how to physically get nutrition. Aspirate - To have food/liquid accidentally go down the Trachea (“wind pipe”) and may result in pneumonia (lung infection, may be fatal).Ultrasound - Diagnostic and therapeutic imaging using high frequency sound waves.Prerequisites - Classes you may need to take before further applying to a program. Usually a focus on science/math for the medical flied. Clinical's - Rotations where students are working in the hospital or clinic getting medical exposure during their training. CT Scan - Image made using computerized axial tomography (aka CAT Scan), which gives us various angles to assess the anatomy with much more detailed look compared to x-ray. Radiation Therapy - Type of cancer treatment that uses beams of intense radiation (energy) to kill cancer cells in hopes of a cure or sometimes as a comfort measure to decrease the size of the cancer. Positioning - The right orientation of the patient for the x-ray to take an image of a part of anatomy. Varies by each image. A variation off of the desired positioning will result in a subpar image. kVp (Kilovoltage Peak) - The voltage applied to the X-ray tube. The radiation dose to the patient is directly proportional to the square of kV. Milliampere-seconds (mAs) - Measure of radiation produced over a set amount of time via the X-ray tube. Thyroid - Butterfly shaped endocrine gland located on the front of the neck responsible for thyroid hormone that assists in regulation of metabolism and protein synthesis. Nuclear Med Technologists - Technologists who prepare and administer radioactive drugs to patients for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Gastrograffin Challenge - Diagnostic procedure used for assessment of small bowel obstruction. Involves administration of water-soluble barium like contrast followed by serial abdominal x-rays. Each and every episode of Maybe Medical is for educational purposes only, not to be taken as medical advice. The opinions of those involved are of their own and not representative of their employer.