Lexicon Valley

Over isn't just the opposite of under and off is not necessarily the opposite of on. John explains.Please subscribe to Lexicon Valley to support our show — go to www.booksmartstudios.com to find out how! This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com

John talks about the subject of his new book by Avery Publishing — Pronoun Trouble: The Story of Us in Seven Little Words.Please subscribe at www.booksmartstudios.com and thank you for listening! This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com

The Thai words for fire, die and rim sound an awful lot like the English words fire, die and rim. Why is that? John explains.To help support Lexicon Valley please consider a paid subscription — visit www.booksmartstudios.com and sign up today! This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com

Words like thence and thither are all but obsolete in English, but they were actually quite useful! John explains.SUBSCRIBE to LEXICON VALLEY — please go to www.booksmartstudios.com to become a paid member and receive our BONUS segments. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com

Do you know the difference between a rabbit and a hare? And what then is a bunny? Follow John through the etymological warrens of these several words. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com

It may seem apparent how we got from busyness to business, but the origins of the word “busy” itself are shrouded in mystery. John explains. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com

As a daily listener to WNYC Public Radio in New York City, John has noticed that a certain announcer frequently mispronounces words on air. He has thoughts. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com

Working backwards from existing languages, linguists have had great success reconstructing Proto-Indo-European. Does that mean we can do the same for all language families? John explains. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com

A cyclone came through and blew off most of English's clothes, says John, in Part II of his discussion of Indo-European. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

There are at least five defining features among hundreds of related languages from English to Hindi to Russian. And what does any of that have to do with the Hittites? John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

The simple verb to go quickly gets complex in just about any language and English is no exception. John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

What does the bat in “acrobat” have to do with the word come? John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

Reflexive pronouns are redundant in a way, sure, but they're also quite common in many languages. John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

There's good reason to believe that sophisticated speech began long before homo sapiens hit the scene. John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

Does Ayesha Rascoe have a good radio voice? Not according to many NPR listeners, who find her loud, high-pitched and generally grating. John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

A recent study suggests that a new dialect is emerging in the southern part of Florida. John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

The trial transcript of a 225-year-old murder is filled with fascinating evidence of the way we used to talk. John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

Many English verbs have three forms — sing, sang and sung, for example. The problem is that speakers seem to want only two. John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

Too — whether about excess, addition or contradiction — evolved from to. John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

Some languages adopt their “health” word from the concept of wholeness — a metaphor that makes perfect sense. Other languages, however, adopt their “health” word from trees. John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

Like the French word droit, English's right has taken on a number of useful metaphorical meanings. John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

In this favorite from the archives, John discusses some unwritten rules of English that can be remarkably difficult for a learner of English to master. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

The word “record” can be broken down into two parts, the re and the cord. But what do those parts even mean? John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

John is traveling this week and so we're running a previous episode about the speech patterns of Bette Davis, George Gershwin, Louis Armstrong and countless other Americans of the 1930s. Why do they all sound like that? This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

So many of our words have ugly associations that are particular to a historical time or event. Should we expunge them entirely from our vocabulary? Can we? John weighs in. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

Words that come to mean “want” often start out meaning something else. Take “want,” for example. John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

Henry James wrote his final novels just over a century ago — and yet they are far less accessible than works written much earlier. John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

Possession is more or less about ownership, and we denote that in English by adding 's to the end of a word. But of course there's far more to the story than just that. John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

There's a rumor going around social networks that “knocked up” traces back to American slave trading. Is there any evidence for that etymology? John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

It's tempting to imagine that a sentence will translate rather neatly, word by word, from one language to another. It's also naive. English, after all, is relatively straightforward, while most languages are far more gunked up with complexity — perhaps none as much as Yimas. John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

The book and lyrics of The Music Man are replete with everyday, ordinary dialogue that, nevertheless, demonstrates how English often works. John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

English used to have a more or less typical array of second person pronouns, with thou and thee for the singular — subject and object cases, respectively — and ye and you for the plural. So what happened? John explains. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

Comedian Rodney Dangerfield was fond of introducing jokes with a kind of redundancy, for example: “My wife, she told me I was one in a million. I found out she was right.” But those seemingly superfluous pronouns are filled with promise. John explains.Lexicon Valley is a reader-supported publication. Please consider becoming a paid subscriber. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

The racial reckoning of the past several years has altered the way we think about and use language, often for better but occasionally for worse. And sometimes, as John explains in this episode, what we tend to believe is at odds with what is most likely true. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

Only, lonely, alone and even atone all derive from the number one, which, by the way, wasn’t always pronounced as if it began with the letter w. John explains. This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

Words like chit-chat, pitter-patter and wishy-washy are formed that way for a reason beyond the pleasing way that they sound. The vowel change actually signifies something more meaningful to our human way of thinking. John explains. This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

What does the proliferation of so-called ASMR (autonomous sensory meridian response) videos say about the nuanced use of the word satisfying? John explains. This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

As a guest on The Late Show, John told Stephen Colbert that there was nothing especially interesting to say about the word I. Well, he takes that back — there is, it turns out, much to say. Have a listen. This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

Do you remember learning — in grade school most likely — the difference between a count noun and a mass noun? Probably not, and yet chances are that you use them correctly. That’s because you’ve mastered your native language. John explains. This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

We are frequently asked — often by young listeners who are fascinated by language — how English could possibly accumulate the many thousands of words that make up its vast vocabulary. It’s a topic that’s just too fun not to revisit now and again.Please follow us on Twitter (@lexiconvalley) and leave a rating and/or review on Apple’s Podcasts app. Also, if you have a question that you’d like John to answer in his biweekly Q&A column, then send it along to BooksmartStudios@gmail.com. Thanks so much! This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

Hi Valley residents! It's Bob Garfield, former LV host, begging asking you to subscribe to my Bully Pulpit column at bullypulpit.substack.com. It's free, unless you wish to be a paid subscriber, for which you receive not a single extra bonus but the satisfaction of helping to keep my work going and my voice in the world. Either way, I'd be honored and delighted to have you aboard. Meanwhile, check out my most recent installment, in which I share Some Personal News and announce my retirement from radio/podcasting.And now, back to the Valley …The letters C and K can both represent what we might call a Hard C — as in Cosmo Kramer or Calvin Klein. Not to mention Q, which usually indicates that same sound. Why does the English alphabet have this confusing redundancy? John explains. This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

On Jan. 20, 1961, President John F. Kennedy delivered — to an audience seated both outside at the U.S. Capitol and at home in front of their televisions — his inaugural address. Millions were stirred that afternoon by the rousing line: And so, my fellow Americans — ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. Every part of that exhortation, as John McWhorter explains, is a fascinating linguistic lesson. This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

What does it mean to be woke? Has the word problematic become problematic? Today in the Valley, John McWhorter talks with Banished host Amna Khalid about the fraught vocabulary of modern censorship. This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

More than half the world’s approximately 7,000 languages will have no speakers left in the coming decades. Some are working feverishly to preserve or maintain them. Others are asking: Why bother? John explains. This is a public episode. If you’d like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

Listen now | For his 150th episode, John argues that the distinction between "lie" and "lay" is an archaism we should abandon. This is a public episode. Get access to private episodes at lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

Hint: It's not how you think. This is a public episode. Get access to private episodes at lexiconvalley.substack.com/subscribe

Listen now | Look to the languages of West Africa, which span the continent's long Atlantic coast. This is a public episode. Get access to private episodes at www.booksmartstudios.org/subscribe

Listen now | While influenced by Russian, Ukrainian has a character all its own. This is a public episode. Get access to private episodes at www.booksmartstudios.org/subscribe

Listen now | The language of weather often emerges from our conception of time. Exhibit A: Tempest. This is a public episode. Get access to private episodes at www.booksmartstudios.org/subscribe

Listen now | The cultural inhabitants of a place or an ethnicity get to decide what they want, or don't want, to be called. This is a public episode. Get access to private episodes at www.booksmartstudios.org/subscribe

Listen now | A salty phrase with a long history that can be either an interjection or a noun, a compliment or an insult. This is a public episode. Get access to private episodes at www.booksmartstudios.org/subscribe