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Sandra L. Brown, M.A., is the founder of The Institute for Relational Harm Reduction & Public Pathology Education. A former psychotherapist in the field of psychopathology, Sandra currently is an accomplished community educator on the intersections of mental illness, personality disorders, violence, and recidivism. Sandra is recognized for her pioneering work in women's issues related to relational harm from dangerous and pathological partners. She specializes in the development of Pathological Love Relationship training for other professionals and the development of survivor-based support services. Her books include How to Spot a Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved, the award-winning Women Who Love Psychopaths: Inside the Relationships of Inevitable Harm With Psychopaths, Sociopaths & Narcissists, as well as the clinically relevant Counseling Victims of Violence: A Handbook for Helping Professionals. Sandra and Sara talk about trauma, survival, and the personality profile of the “attackers”. Sandra does not believe that the origin of sociopathic and psychopathic behavior stems from childhood. She does see a line of lack of or low empathy in the perpetrators. They also talk about how it is not always easy to stay ahead of a psychopath's mind. As Sandra says “They are sicker than we are smart”. This is an episode that shines light on the survivor and what is really needed for recovery, but also about the research of what makes someone thrive in hurting and fooling others. Website: www.saraschultingkranz.com Social media: IG: https://www.instagram.com/saraschultingkranz/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@saraschultingkranz./about Sponsor: Go to www.saraschultingkranz.com and use the code Live Boldly at checkout to get the special price of $39 for programs offered. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
There are times when someone describes in detail a relationship that seems unkind, unhealthy and even dangerous. Or maybe we have experienced this personally in a relationship with a person we thought would be a wonderful partner to begin with only to realize after falling deeply in love that this person is self-centered, arrogant, attention seeking and lacks basic empathy and consideration for other people. An expert on NPD and psychopaths and the author of “Women Who Love Psychopaths: Inside the Relationships of Inevitable Harm with Psychopaths, Sociopaths & Narcissists”, Sandra L. Brown (author and former psychotherapist) shares her knowledge of Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) and Psychopathy, the complicated nature of Pathological and/or abusive relationships, and how to heal when the relationship ends. Listen to our conversation with Sandra L. Brown as we delve into personality disorders (Borderline, Narcissism, Anti-Social, and Psychopathy), Pathological Love Relationships, and the care of those who have suffered through the ordeal of dangerous relationships. Sandra L. Brown, M.A., is the founder of the Association for NDP/Psychopathy Survivor Treatment and The Institute for Relational Harm Reduction & Public Pathology Education. She is a former psychotherapist in the field of psychopathology and “survivor trauma”. She is a respected community educator on the intersections of mental illness, personality disorders, violence, and recidivism. She is also a clinical lecturer, TV and radio guest, and author. Brown has written a number of books including How to Spot a Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved; Women Who Love Psychopaths: Inside the Relationships of Inevitable Harm with Psychopaths, Sociopaths & Narcissists, and Counseling Victims of Violence: A Handbook for Helping Professionals. Brown illustrates a novel model of clinical treatment she has brought to this population as well as research and insight into the impact of the survivors' experiences. Her unique treatment approach integrates relational dynamics, personality traits, and trauma/aftermath symptomatology of survivors of NPD/Psychopath partners with the goal of providing professionals with effective tools for treating survivors of NPD/Psychopaths. If you are interested in Sandra Brown's knowledge on Pathological Love Relationships, how to free yourself from them, and healing your trauma caused by psychopathic abuse, this podcast is for you. Links & Resources: Sandra Brown's Books: https://www.amazon.ca/Sandra-L-Brown/e/B01ATIAQKG/ref=aufs_dp_fta_dsk Association for NPD/Psychopathy Survivor Treatment: https://survivortreatment.com/ To purchase her award winning book: https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/0984172807/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_bibl_vppi_i4 For more about Sandra Brown: http://sandralbrownma.com/ Contact Sandra Brown: http://sandralbrownma.com/more-about-sandra/ Materials to Reference: Relevant Research on Psychopathy: https://survivortreatment.com/research/ New Science that has emerged: https://survivortreatment.com/field-development-accomplishments-and-contributions/ Brown's Workshop's for Professionals: https://survivortreatment.com/treating-the-survivor/ https://survivortreatment.com/clinicians-guide/ Relevant Articles on NPD and Psychopathy: https://survivortreatment.com/articles/
About Sandra:Sandra L. Brown, M.A., is the founder of The Institute for Relational Harm Reduction & Public Pathology Education. She is a clinical lecturer and trainer, TV and radio guest, and an author. Her books include the highly popular How to Spot a Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved, the award-winning Women Who Love Psychopaths: Inside the Relationships of Inevitable Harm With Psychopaths, Sociopaths & Narcissists, as well as the clinically relevant Counseling Victims of Violence: A Handbook for Helping Professionals. You can find more about Sandra at https://sandralbrownma.com/About SarahSarah helps high-performing, ambitious and exceptional women who want to create AMAZING lives despite having been hurt by a toxic partner or parent.Private Facebook Group for women currently in a confusing relationship. Private Facebook Group for women out of their relationship and ready to find love and success.Sarah's BlogA Free gift from SarahClick HERE to check out what others are saying about Sarah.Click HERE if you are ready to work with Sarah.
About Sandra:Sandra L. Brown, M.A., is the founder of The Institute for Relational Harm Reduction & Public Pathology Education. She is a clinical lecturer and trainer, TV and radio guest, and an author. Her books include the highly popular How to Spot a Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved, the award-winning Women Who Love Psychopaths: Inside the Relationships of Inevitable Harm With Psychopaths, Sociopaths & Narcissists, as well as the clinically relevant Counseling Victims of Violence: A Handbook for Helping Professionals. You can find more about Sandra at https://sandralbrownma.com/ About SarahSarah helps high-performing, ambitious and exceptional women who want to create AMAZING lives despite having been hurt by a toxic partner or parent.Private Facebook Group for women currently in a confusing relationship. Private Facebook Group for women out of their relationship and ready to find love and success.Sarah's BlogA Free gift from SarahClick HERE to check out what others are saying about Sarah.Click HERE if you are ready to work with Sarah.
Are you giving all of your love away and not receiving back? Are you unhappy in your relationship? In this podcast I talk about Sandra Brown's book, How to Spot a Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved. She discusses the following type of men: The Permanent Clinger, The Parental Seeker, The Emotionally Unavailable Man, The Man with Hidden Life, The Mentally Ill Man, The Addict, Abusive Men and finally - The Emotional Predator. Every woman should read this book or give it to a friend. I go into detail about these types within this podcast and speak about why we give our power away and how to heal. Reach out to me if you are in need of a session or are interested in my work or books www.mysticalmotherhood.com. You can email me at mysticalmotherhood@gmail.com To Purchase my new book FERTILE go HERE. To Purchase my first Mystical Motherhood go HERE To Book a Session or learn more about the Mystical Motherhood process GO HERE
Sandra L. Brown, M.A. holds a Masters degree in Counseling and is a program development specialist, lecturer and community educator on pathological love relationships and domestic violence, and is an award-winning author. Her books include the award winning Women Who Love Psychopaths: Inside the Relationships of Inevitable Harm with Psychopaths, Sociopaths & Narcissists as well as How to Spot a Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved, and Counseling Victims of Violence: A Handbook for Helping Professionals. Sandra is recognized for her pioneering work on women’s issues related to relational harm with Cluster B/Axis II/Sociopathy/Pyschopathy disordered partners. She specializes in the development of Pathological Love Relationship training for professionals and survivor support services based on her books. Her books, CD’s, DVD’s, and other training materials have been used as curriculum in drug rehabs, women’s organizations and shelters, women’s jail and prison programs, school and college-based programs, inner city projects, and various psychology and sociology programs and distributed in almost every country of the world. Please grab your SACRED S.O.L. D.A.T.E. JOURNAL (Daily Action To Engage yourself.) TODAY’S SACRED S.O.L. STEP: Journal about what you discovered today...and tune in for tomorrow's continuation of this powerful podcast series. Check out How To Spot A Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved by Sandra L. Brown, M.A. If you’ve been feeling like you’re stuck, overwhelmed, or perhaps you still feel like you’re drowning in your life, please don’t hesitate to reach out. YOU ARE NOT ALONE... Request a FREE copy of my best-selling book, Date Yourself Well — The Best-Selling 12 Engagements Of Becoming The Great Lover Of Your Life (all you'll pay for is shipping.) www.dateyourselfwell.com ALSO... I’d be more than happy to schedule a Discovery Call with you to see if Healing Life Coaching is a good fit for you. Email me at drshannon@doctorshannon.com S.O.L.| NOT SOLO. If you haven't already joined the movement, you're personally invited to come over to the WOMEN SIPPING ON LIFE S.O.L. MOVEMENT Closed FB Group and Join the MOVEMENT: https://www.facebook.com/groups/WSOLMovement/ I can't wait to meet you there, and engage with you even more! FOLLOW ME ON INSTAGRAM @doctorshannon! See you there... To listen to the song I wrote, you can do so here: letsnottalkaboutex.com, and also cast your vote on your favorite version. Come over to the WOMEN SIPPING ON LIFE S.O.L. MOVEMENT Closed FB Group and Join the MOVEMENT: https://www.facebook.com/groups/WSOLMovement/ Visit WomenSippingOnLife.com for more free resources, including my CHECKLIST FOR CHANGE, Engagement Checklist + Evaluation Rating, Six Sacred S.O.L. DATE Secrets…and a FREE copy of my best-selling book, Date Yourself Well. You can also check out my Dr. Shannon Facebook Page for more daily S.O.L. TRAINING. I look forward to seeing you again tomorrow. Please invite your best girlfriends to come and join our S.O.L. PARTY. xo Dr. Shannon. Inspiring minds that want to grow and hearts that want to know, so you can love you, your life, and your life’s work well. ONE SIP AT A TIME. A special thanks to the following souls for helping me launch our WOMEN SIPPING ON LIFE podcast… Intro/Outro done by UNI V. SOL Outro music by Jay Man: Mind Over Matter (www.ourmusicbox.com) Podcast cover design and web site done by: Pablo Aguilar (www.webdesigncreator.com) Podcast cover photo by Kate Montague of KM Captured (www.kmcaptured.com)
Sandra L. Brown, M.A. holds a Masters degree in Counseling and is a program development specialist, lecturer and community educator on pathological love relationships and domestic violence, and is an award-winning author. Her books include the award winning Women Who Love Psychopaths: Inside the Relationships of Inevitable Harm with Psychopaths, Sociopaths & Narcissists as well as How to Spot a Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved, and Counseling Victims of Violence: A Handbook for Helping Professionals. Sandra is recognized for her pioneering work on women’s issues related to relational harm with Cluster B/Axis II/Sociopathy/Pyschopathy disordered partners. She specializes in the development of Pathological Love Relationship training for professionals and survivor support services based on her books. Her books, CD’s, DVD’s, and other training materials have been used as curriculum in drug rehabs, women’s organizations and shelters, women’s jail and prison programs, school and college-based programs, inner city projects, and various psychology and sociology programs and distributed in almost every country of the world. Please grab your SACRED S.O.L. D.A.T.E. JOURNAL (Daily Action To Engage yourself.) TODAY’S SACRED S.O.L. STEP: Journal about what you discovered today...and tune in for tomorrow's continuation of this powerful podcast series. Check out How To Spot A Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved by Sandra L. Brown, M.A. If you’ve been feeling like you’re stuck, overwhelmed, or perhaps you still feel like you’re drowning in your life, please don’t hesitate to reach out. YOU ARE NOT ALONE... Request a FREE copy of my best-selling book, Date Yourself Well — The Best-Selling 12 Engagements Of Becoming The Great Lover Of Your Life (all you'll pay for is shipping.) www.dateyourselfwell.com ALSO... I’d be more than happy to schedule a Discovery Call with you to see if Healing Life Coaching is a good fit for you. Email me at drshannon@doctorshannon.com S.O.L.| NOT SOLO. If you haven't already joined the movement, you're personally invited to come over to the WOMEN SIPPING ON LIFE S.O.L. MOVEMENT Closed FB Group and Join the MOVEMENT: https://www.facebook.com/groups/WSOLMovement/ I can't wait to meet you there, and engage with you even more! FOLLOW ME ON INSTAGRAM @doctorshannon! See you there... To listen to the song I wrote, you can do so here: letsnottalkaboutex.com, and also cast your vote on your favorite version. Come over to the WOMEN SIPPING ON LIFE S.O.L. MOVEMENT Closed FB Group and Join the MOVEMENT: https://www.facebook.com/groups/WSOLMovement/ Visit WomenSippingOnLife.com for more free resources, including my CHECKLIST FOR CHANGE, Engagement Checklist + Evaluation Rating, Six Sacred S.O.L. DATE Secrets…and a FREE copy of my best-selling book, Date Yourself Well. You can also check out my Dr. Shannon Facebook Page for more daily S.O.L. TRAINING. I look forward to seeing you again tomorrow. Please invite your best girlfriends to come and join our S.O.L. PARTY. xo Dr. Shannon. Inspiring minds that want to grow and hearts that want to know, so you can love you, your life, and your life’s work well. ONE SIP AT A TIME. A special thanks to the following souls for helping me launch our WOMEN SIPPING ON LIFE podcast… Intro/Outro done by UNI V. SOL Outro music by Jay Man: Mind Over Matter (www.ourmusicbox.com) Podcast cover design and web site done by: Pablo Aguilar (www.webdesigncreator.com) Podcast cover photo by Kate Montague of KM Captured (www.kmcaptured.com)
Sandra L. Brown, M.A. holds a Masters degree in Counseling and is a program development specialist, lecturer and community educator on pathological love relationships and domestic violence, and is an award-winning author. Her books include the award winning Women Who Love Psychopaths: Inside the Relationships of Inevitable Harm with Psychopaths, Sociopaths & Narcissists as well as How to Spot a Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved, and Counseling Victims of Violence: A Handbook for Helping Professionals. Sandra is recognized for her pioneering work on women’s issues related to relational harm with Cluster B/Axis II/Sociopathy/Pyschopathy disordered partners. She specializes in the development of Pathological Love Relationship training for professionals and survivor support services based on her books. Her books, CD’s, DVD’s, and other training materials have been used as curriculum in drug rehabs, women’s organizations and shelters, women’s jail and prison programs, school and college-based programs, inner city projects, and various psychology and sociology programs and distributed in almost every country of the world. Please grab your SACRED S.O.L. D.A.T.E. JOURNAL (Daily Action To Engage yourself.) TODAY’S SACRED S.O.L. STEP: Journal about what you discovered today...and tune in for tomorrow's continuation of this powerful podcast series. Check out How To Spot A Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved by Sandra L. Brown, M.A. If you’ve been feeling like you’re stuck, overwhelmed, or perhaps you still feel like you’re drowning in your life, please don’t hesitate to reach out. YOU ARE NOT ALONE... Request a FREE copy of my best-selling book, Date Yourself Well — The Best-Selling 12 Engagements Of Becoming The Great Lover Of Your Life (all you'll pay for is shipping.) www.dateyourselfwell.com ALSO... I’d be more than happy to schedule a Discovery Call with you to see if Healing Life Coaching is a good fit for you. Email me at drshannon@doctorshannon.com S.O.L.| NOT SOLO. If you haven't already joined the movement, you're personally invited to come over to the WOMEN SIPPING ON LIFE S.O.L. MOVEMENT Closed FB Group and Join the MOVEMENT: https://www.facebook.com/groups/WSOLMovement/ I can't wait to meet you there, and engage with you even more! FOLLOW ME ON INSTAGRAM @doctorshannon! See you there... To listen to the song I wrote, you can do so here: letsnottalkaboutex.com, and also cast your vote on your favorite version. Come over to the WOMEN SIPPING ON LIFE S.O.L. MOVEMENT Closed FB Group and Join the MOVEMENT: https://www.facebook.com/groups/WSOLMovement/ Visit WomenSippingOnLife.com for more free resources, including my CHECKLIST FOR CHANGE, Engagement Checklist + Evaluation Rating, Six Sacred S.O.L. DATE Secrets…and a FREE copy of my best-selling book, Date Yourself Well. You can also check out my Dr. Shannon Facebook Page for more daily S.O.L. TRAINING. I look forward to seeing you again tomorrow. Please invite your best girlfriends to come and join our S.O.L. PARTY. xo Dr. Shannon. Inspiring minds that want to grow and hearts that want to know, so you can love you, your life, and your life’s work well. ONE SIP AT A TIME. A special thanks to the following souls for helping me launch our WOMEN SIPPING ON LIFE podcast… Intro/Outro done by UNI V. SOL Outro music by Jay Man: Mind Over Matter (www.ourmusicbox.com) Podcast cover design and web site done by: Pablo Aguilar (www.webdesigncreator.com) Podcast cover photo by Kate Montague of KM Captured (www.kmcaptured.com)
Sandra L. Brown, M.A. holds a Masters degree in Counseling and is a program development specialist, lecturer and community educator on pathological love relationships and domestic violence, and is an award-winning author. Her books include the award winning Women Who Love Psychopaths: Inside the Relationships of Inevitable Harm with Psychopaths, Sociopaths & Narcissists as well as How to Spot a Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved, and Counseling Victims of Violence: A Handbook for Helping Professionals. Sandra is recognized for her pioneering work on women’s issues related to relational harm with Cluster B/Axis II/Sociopathy/Pyschopathy disordered partners. She specializes in the development of Pathological Love Relationship training for professionals and survivor support services based on her books. Her books, CD’s, DVD’s, and other training materials have been used as curriculum in drug rehabs, women’s organizations and shelters, women’s jail and prison programs, school and college-based programs, inner city projects, and various psychology and sociology programs and distributed in almost every country of the world. Please grab your SACRED S.O.L. D.A.T.E. JOURNAL (Daily Action To Engage yourself.) TODAY’S SACRED S.O.L. STEP: Journal about what you discovered today...and tune in for tomorrow's continuation of this powerful podcast series. Check out How To Spot A Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved by Sandra L. Brown, M.A. If you’ve been feeling like you’re stuck, overwhelmed, or perhaps you still feel like you’re drowning in your life, please don’t hesitate to reach out. YOU ARE NOT ALONE... Request a FREE copy of my best-selling book, Date Yourself Well — The Best-Selling 12 Engagements Of Becoming The Great Lover Of Your Life (all you'll pay for is shipping.) www.dateyourselfwell.com ALSO... I’d be more than happy to schedule a Discovery Call with you to see if Healing Life Coaching is a good fit for you. Email me at drshannon@doctorshannon.com S.O.L.| NOT SOLO. If you haven't already joined the movement, you're personally invited to come over to the WOMEN SIPPING ON LIFE S.O.L. MOVEMENT Closed FB Group and Join the MOVEMENT: https://www.facebook.com/groups/WSOLMovement/ I can't wait to meet you there, and engage with you even more! FOLLOW ME ON INSTAGRAM @doctorshannon! See you there... To listen to the song I wrote, you can do so here: letsnottalkaboutex.com, and also cast your vote on your favorite version. Come over to the WOMEN SIPPING ON LIFE S.O.L. MOVEMENT Closed FB Group and Join the MOVEMENT: https://www.facebook.com/groups/WSOLMovement/ Visit WomenSippingOnLife.com for more free resources, including my CHECKLIST FOR CHANGE, Engagement Checklist + Evaluation Rating, Six Sacred S.O.L. DATE Secrets…and a FREE copy of my best-selling book, Date Yourself Well. You can also check out my Dr. Shannon Facebook Page for more daily S.O.L. TRAINING. I look forward to seeing you again tomorrow. Please invite your best girlfriends to come and join our S.O.L. PARTY. xo Dr. Shannon. Inspiring minds that want to grow and hearts that want to know, so you can love you, your life, and your life’s work well. ONE SIP AT A TIME. A special thanks to the following souls for helping me launch our WOMEN SIPPING ON LIFE podcast… Intro/Outro done by UNI V. SOL Outro music by Jay Man: Mind Over Matter (www.ourmusicbox.com) Podcast cover design and web site done by: Pablo Aguilar (www.webdesigncreator.com) Podcast cover photo by Kate Montague of KM Captured (www.kmcaptured.com)
Welcome to episode 57 of the Sexology Podcast, today I am delighted to be joined by Sandra L. Brown, M.A who talks to us about why people develop Narcissistic Personality Disorder, what causes NPD, anti-social PD and psychopathy and recommendations on what to do if you find yourself in a pathological relationship. Sandra L. Brown, M.A., is the founder of The Institute for Relational Harm Reduction & Public Pathology Education. She is a former psychotherapist in the field of psychopathology and trauma survivor treatment, community educator on the intersections of Mental Illness, Personality Disorders, Violence, and Recidivism. She is a clinical lecturer and trainer, TV and radio guest, and an author. Her books include the highly popular How to Spot a Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved, the award-winning Women Who Love Psychopaths: Inside the Relationships of Inevitable Harm With Psychopaths, Sociopaths & Narcissists, as well as the clinically relevant Counseling Victims of Violence: A Handbook for Helping Professionals. Sandra is recognized for her pioneering work in women's issues related to relational harm from dangerous, toxic, and pathological partners. She specializes in the development of Pathological (Toxic) Love Relationship training based on her theory development for other professionals and the development of survivor-based support and treatment services. The Institute is the only formal clinical Model-of-Care approach for survivors and offers the largest available array of products and services related to this population. Her books, CD's, DVD's, and other training materials have been used as curriculum in drug rehabs, women's organizations and shelters, women's jail and prison programs, school and college-based programs, inner city projects, psychology and sociology programs, and distributed in almost every country of the world. Her books have been translated into several languages. She is the founder and current president of the first professional national Association for NPD/Psychopathy Survivors Treatment, Research, and Education and is a private Trauma Consultant, and advocate for survivors seeking justice. In this episode, you will hear: What is a Pathological Love Relationship? How is it different from other relationships? Why people develop Narcissistic Personality Disorder? What causes NPD, anti-social PD and psychopathy? Red flags to look out for if a relationship is pathological Who do pathological partners target? What happens to survivors from PLRs? Recommendations on what to do if you find yourself in a pathological relationship Resources www.saferelationshipsmagazine.com https://survivortreatment.com http://floridapsychotherapy.com
Today's special guest, Sandra L. Brown, M.A. is the founder of The Institute for Relationship Harm Reduction and Public Pathology Education. She is a former psychotherapist in the field of psychopathology, community educator on the intersections fo Mental Illness, Personality Disorders, Violence, and Recidivism. She is a clinical lecturer and trainer, TV and radio guest, and an author. Her books include the highly popular How to Spot a Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved, the award winning Women Who Love Psychopaths: Inside the Relationships of Inevitable Harm with Psychopaths, Sociopaths and Narcissists, as well as the clinically relevant Counseling Victims of Violence. Sandra is recognized for her pioneering work in women's issues related to relational harm from dangerous and pathological partners. She is most noted for being the first to research the effects of psychopathy on female partners which has ignited interest in obtaining training by mental health professionals for this new and emerging genre of clientele. Her research has largely impacted the treatment field through her systematic approaches to recovery for women. Sandra Brown is currently a writer for several large women's websites; Psychology Today, Times Up! Blog, and The Institutes online magazine Safe Relationships Magazine. She is the founder and current president of the first professional national Association for NPD/Psychopathy Educators and Treatment Providers.
Guest Host, Sandra L. Brown will be discussing Psychopaths in the court system and how they behave during high conflict divorce and custody battles. Guests will include actual case studies.Sandra L. Brown, M.A., CEO of The Institute for Relational Harm Reduction & Public Psychopathy Education is a psychopathologist, program development specialist, lecturer, and an award-winning author. Her books include the award winning Women Who Love Psychopaths: Inside the Relationships of Inevitable Harm with Psychopaths, Sociopaths & Narcissists as well as How to Spot a Dangerous Man Before You Get Involved, and Counseling Victims of Violence: A Handbook for Helping Professionals.Sandra is recognized for her pioneering work on women’s issues related to relational harm with Cluster B/Axis II/Sociopathy/Pyschopathy disordered partners. She specializes in the development of Pathological Love Relationship clinical training and survivor support services. Her books, CD’s, DVD’s, and other training materials have been used as curriculum in drug rehabs, women’s organizations and shelters, women’s jail and prison programs, school and college-based programs, inner city projects, and various psychology and sociology programs and distributed in almost every country of the world.