Podcasts about early triassic

Today, you'll learn about a successful moon landing that could launch another space race, an answer to the age-old debate about whether you should marry for love or money, and a 250 million year old human-sized armored sea lizard. Indian Moon Landing “India's successful moon landing follows recent failures by other countries.” by Katherine Kornei. 2023. “How many countries have been to the moon.” Starlust. 2023. “NASA's Artemis program: Everything you need to know.” by Adam Mann & Ailsa Harvey. 2022. “Ice at the moon's poles might have come from ancient volcanoes.” by Anna Gibbs. 2022. “India's first attempt to land on the moon appears to have failed.” by Lisa Grossman. 2019. “Israel's first moon mission lost moments before landing.” by Maria Temming. 2019. Love or Money? “Should You Marry for Love or for Money?” by Aaron Ben-Zeev, Ph.D. 2023. “Do Americans marry for love or money? Finally, an answer.” by Quentin Fottrell. 2019. “75% Of Women Would Not Marry Someone In This Circumstance.” by YourTango. 2023. “Why The Smartest Women Marry For Money.” by aol health. 2022. “Does Love Always Win.” by Aaron Ben-Zeev Ph.D. 2018. Giant Sea Lizard “Ancient human-sized sea lizard rewrites history of early armored marine reptiles.” by Harry Baker. 2023. “An armoured marine reptile from the Early Triassic of South China and its phylogenetic and evolutionary implications.” by Andrzej S Wolniewicz, et al. 2023. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

(image source: https://ideas.fandom.com/wiki/Thrinaxodon_(SciiFii)) Host Matthew Donald and guest co-host Ben O'Regan discuss Thrinaxodon, a stem mammal that did not have little pitchforks or sea-ruling weapons in their mouths, so they're very inaccurately named. I question these so-called scientists sometimes. From the Early Triassic, this 3-foot cynodont was one of the survivors of the Great Dying, AKA the Permian Extinction, AKA the worst time to be on Earth in all of its history other than last week at your aunt's mandatory dinner party. Not sure which won out in the bad-o-meter. It's a tossup I reckon. Want to further support the show? Sign up to our Patreon for exclusive bonus content at Patreon.com/MatthewDonald. Also, you can purchase Matthew Donald's dinosaur book "Megazoic" on Amazon by clicking here, its sequel "Megazoic: The Primeval Power" by clicking here, its third installment "Megazoic: The Hunted Ones" by clicking here, or its final installment "Megazoic: An Era's End" by clicking here, as well as his non-dinosaur-related book "Teslanauts" by clicking here. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

(image source: https://www.sciencephoto.com/contributor/jsi/) Host Matthew Donald and guest co-host Stephen Curro discuss Lagosuchus, a long-legged little lunatic that was named like a crocodile but is actually closer related to dinosaurs… then again dinosaurs are often named like they're lizards when they're patently not. From the Early Triassic, this 2-foot archosaur was not related to rabbits either despite the name, nor does it look like one. And it also wasn't found near the city of Lagos, Nigeria, so this thing's name was just a packful of lies all around. Want to further support the show? Sign up to our Patreon for exclusive bonus content at Patreon.com/MatthewDonald. Also, you can purchase Matthew Donald's dinosaur book "Megazoic" on Amazon by clicking here, its sequel "Megazoic: The Primeval Power" by clicking here, its third installment "Megazoic: The Hunted Ones" by clicking here, or its final installment "Megazoic: An Era's End" by clicking here, as well as his non-dinosaur-related book "Teslanauts" by clicking here. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The bowfin (Amia calva) is a bony fish, native to North America. Common names include mudfish, mud pike, dogfish, grindle, grinnel, swamp trout, and choupique. It is regarded as a relict, being the sole surviving species of the Halecomorphi, a group of fish that first appeared during the Early Triassic, around 250 million years ago.

What happens when most life in the ocean just dies off? Our oceans have seen many mass extinctions in the past, how long does it take to recover? What happened at the end of the Permian that caused massive extinctions in the ocean? What creatures were best able to survive when 80% of the rest of life in the ocean died? Burrowing and feeding on mud at the ocean depths helped soft bodied creatures survive a mass extinction. What lurked in the north Pacific that heated up the oceans? What was 'The Blob' and how were seals able to uncover it's secrets in the North pacific? Xueqian Feng, Zhong-Qiang Chen, Michael J. Benton, Chunmei Su, David J. Bottjer, Alison T. Cribb, Ziheng Li, Laishi Zhao, Guangyou Zhu, Yuangeng Huang, Zhen Guo. Resilience of infaunal ecosystems during the Early Triassic greenhouse Earth. Science Advances, 2022; 8 (26) DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0597 Rachel R. Holser, Theresa R. Keates, Daniel P. Costa, Christopher A. Edwards. Extent and Magnitude of Subsurface Anomalies During the Northeast Pacific Blob as Measured by Animal‐Borne Sensors. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2022; 127 (7) DOI: 10.1029/2021JC018356

(image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lystrosaurus_Assemblage_Zone) Host Matthew Donald and guest co-host Laura Owsley discuss Lystrosaurus, a derpy-looking thing that survived the biggest extinction of all time and at one point made up over half (!) of all life on Earth. From the Late Permian to the Early Triassic, this 4-foot synapsid was without doubt one of the most underrated badasses of all paleontology, which is really saying something, because look at this thing. It's so ugly. What is the secret to your power, Lystrosaurus?!  Want to further support the show? Sign up to our Patreon for exclusive bonus content here. Also, you can purchase Matthew Donald's dinosaur book "Megazoic" on Amazon by clicking here, its sequel "Megazoic: The Primeval Power" by clicking here, its third installment "Megazoic: The Hunted Ones" by clicking here, or its final installment "Megazoic: An Era's End" by clicking here. 

The gang discusses two very different papers that are sort of united together based upon the importance of taphonomy. First, they look at a paper about how the ways in which conodont elements are preserved can affect our understanding of their evolution. Second, they talk about the recent finding of exceptionally preserved therizinosaur dinosaur nesting sites. Meanwhile, Amanda finds herself dealing with a failing webcam, Curt enjoys burying the lede, and James is never wrong unless he wants to be.   Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): Our friends talk about how the ways that things wear down can really change how we understand our past. First, they look at these things that are like teeth but are not and are part of this very old group of animals that are aunt or uncle to a lot of animals that have hard parts in their backs which live today. Some of these old animals that have not teeth have changes through time in their not teeth. The bottom of these not teeth appears to disappear in the animals we find which are closer to today. However, this paper finds new animals that show maybe the bottom of these teeth have not actually disappeared, but instead it turns out that this bottom part is very easy to break off. This is important because it means that the not teeth may still have some deep relationship to how actual teeth teeth form. Next, our friends look at the places where big angry animals would lay bag like things that hold babies, here after we will call them sit places. A big question has been if these big angry animals liked to find sit places close to each other or far away. It is hard to tell this in the past because we can't always be sure all of the sit places were used at the same time. This paper find a single red line that runs across all of the sit places, which allows the people who wrote the paper to say that all of the sit places were probably used at the same time. Also, the number of babies that didn't die is a lot like the number of babies that don't die in animals who also find sit places together today. So it looks like these big angry animals probably shared sit places.   References: Tanaka, Kohei, et al. "Exceptional preservation of a Late Cretaceous dinosaur nesting site from Mongolia reveals colonial nesting behavior in a non-avian theropod." Geology(2019).   Souquet, Louise, and Nicolas Goudemand. "Exceptional basal-body preservation in some Early Triassic conodont elements from Oman." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (2019). 

UC Davis paleontologist Ryosuke Motani and Chinese colleagues recently described a new and curious fossil. The 250 million-year-old animal was a marine reptile that seems to have lived much like the modern platypus, hunting by touch in dark or muddy water with its sensitive snout.

The gang discuss two papers that look at the links between morphology and ecology. Specifically, they discuss a fossil marine reptile with a very unique looking skull that gives clues to a possible “platypus” like life-habit. However, they also discuss a modern ecological study of crustacean-eating snakes which shows that sometimes unique behaviors can greatly expand the potential prey species available to a predator. Meanwhile, James regales us with tales of an epic battle, Amanda is good at social interactions, and Curt ponders anime betrayals.   Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): Our friends talk about animals with small heads and how these animals lived and ate. First, they talk about a thing that lived in the big blue wet place a long long time ago which had a very very large body. Before hand, we didn't know what the head of this thing looked like. But now we found out that it had a really really small head for its really big body. Also, the head is weird, and has these cuts in it that seem to be where a round long mouth thing used to be. Also, it has a strange hard part in the middle of the head which is not stuck to anything. All of these weird head bits are very much like what we see in one weird animal today which looks like it was made from parts of other animals. This has lead people to think that this old animal who lived in the big blue wet place might have eaten in a way that is a lot like this animal we have today that looks like it was made from parts of other animals. Next, our friends talk about these animals with no legs who eat rock hard animals with cutting hands who sometimes lose their skin. There are lots of types of these animals with no legs, but only a few of these animals with no legs try to eat these rock hard animals with cutting hands who sometimes lose their skin. This paper wanted to know how these animals with no legs go about eating these rock hard animals. It turns out there are many different ways to do it, with some of them pulling off legs, some of them eating the rock hard animals whole, and some of them waiting until these rock hard animals lose their skin. But the really cool thing is that animals with no legs who had very small mouths could actually eat rock hard animals much larger than themselves. By waiting until these rock hard animals lost their skin, these very small animals with no legs could tear their food to small pieces while it was still able to move and breathe. So the way that the animal with no legs lived was very important for deciding which of the rock hard animals it could eat.   References: Cheng, Long, et al. "Early Triassic marine reptile representing the oldest record of unusually small eyes in reptiles indicating non-visual prey detection." Scientific reports 9.1 (2019): 152.   Jayne, Bruce C., Harold K. Voris, and Peter KL Ng. "How big is too big? Using crustacean-eating snakes (Homalopsidae) to test how anatomy and behaviour affect prey size and feeding performance." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 123.3 (2018): 636-650. 

Books and Ideas is back with an interview of Jonathan Losos, author of Improbable Destinies: Fate, Chance, and the Future of Evolution. This fascinating book reveals the surprising world of experimental evolutionary biology. We explore how experiments both in the laboratory and in the wild are answering long-standing questions about how evolution works. Links and References: Improbable Destinies: Fate, Chance, and the Future of Evolution by Jonathan B. Losos Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History by Stephen Jay Gould Z.D. Blount, Lenski, R.E., and Losos, JB. 2018. "Contingency and determinism in evolution: Replaying life’s tape" Science 362. DOI: 10.1126/science.aam5979 Brian Swetik. 2019. "Strange Marine Creature Resembles a Reptilian Platypus: Small eyes and decorative plates make this Triassic creature stand out" Scientific American, January 30, 2019 L Chen, et. Al. 2019. "Early Triassic marine reptile representing the oldest record of unusually small eyes in reptiles indicating non-visual prey detection." Nature 152. R.D. H Barrett, et. al. 2019. "Linking a mutation to survival in wild mice" Science (363) 499-504. DOI:10.1126/science.aav3824 Social Media: Twitter: @docartemis Facebook Fan Page: http://www.facebook.com/booksandideas Please send feedback to docartemis@gmail.com or submit voicemail at http://speakpipe.com/docartemis. Want an Amazon gift card? Just send me a screenshot of your iTunes review. Learn more about Dr. Campbell's other podcasts at:http://www.virginiacampbellmd.com/ginger-campbell-md/  

The Earth's magnetic field is generated by the motion of liquid iron-rich material in the outer core. One of the most drastic manifestations of the dynamics in the outer core are polarity reversals of the magnetic field. The processes controlling geomagnetic reversals, however, are still poorly understood. The mathematical formulation of the dynamics of the liquid outer core show such a degree of complexity that a universal numerical model still remains elusive. Given that the last reversal occurred about 780,000 years ago, direct observations of a reversal have never been possible. Thus we are left with records of ancient reversals recorded in sequences of sedimentary and igneous rocks. Documenting any systematics in reversal processes will provide substantial information about the outer core and core mantle boundary conditions. However, despite the advances in deciphering the behaviour of the field during polarity transitions, reversal records yield controversial results and thus answers to several key questions are still enigmatic. Detailed studies of palaeodirectional and absolute palaeointensity patterns of geomagnetic reversals are scarce and are restricted to the Cenozoic so far. In order to verify or reject concepts developed on the basis of this dataset, reversal records which occurred in the more distant geological past of the Earth are needed. This work presents the results obtained from the Siberian Trap Basalts (Russia) which are coeval with the Permo-Triassic boundary (250 Ma). The sequence yields the by far oldest hitherto studied detailed record of a geomagnetic transition from reversed to normal polarity and provides new insights in transitional field behaviour. Three sections (Talnakh, Listvjanka and Abagalakh) comprising a total of 86 lava flows have been sampled in the Noril'sk region, located at the northwestern rim of the Siberian Trap Basalt province. They provide a complete coverage of the lava pile outcropping in the area. The samples have been subjected to palaeomagnetic direction analysis and to Thellier-type palaeointensity experiments. Extensive rockmagnetic investigations and microscopical studies have been carried out to asses the reliability of the palaeomagnetic information recorded by the lava flows. Magnetite and Ti-poor titanomagnetites were identified to be the carriers of the characteristic remanent magnetisation. The reversibility of the thermomagnetic curves and the observation of exsolution lamellae by ore microscopy give clear evidence for a primary high-temperature oxidation of the titanomagnetite. It can thus be inferred that the measured palaeodirectional and intensity information obtained from these flows was acquired shortly after extrusion of each flow. The demagnetisation of the natural remanence reveals only one direction of magnetisation for most samples. Thermal and alternating field demagnetisation methods are equally effective in isolating the characteristic remanent magnetisation. Occasional overprints have maximum unblocking temperatures of 350°C or remanence coercivities less than 20 mT. Reliable palaeointensity estimates were obtained for approx. 50% of the samples. The relatively high success rate can be attributed to the enhanced magnetic and thermal stability of high-temperature oxidised titanomagnetites. In the lower part of the sequence reversed polarity of the Earth's magnetic field is identified. The associated palaeointensities yield values around 10 µT. The subsequent flows recorded transitional configurations. A tight cluster of virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) in mid northerly latitudes, comprising the results of 15 flows, is observed during the transition. Within the cluster the record shows a pronounced and well defined increase in intensity from around 6 to 13 µT. A doubling of local field intensity infers that large scale dynamic processes in the outer core are responsible for this feature, making a strong case for a reasonable temporal stability (several hundreds to a few thousand years) of the VGP cluster. Moreover, the VGP clustering is identified in two parallel sections (Talnakh and Listvjanka). This observation makes it unlikely that this feature is an artifact of a localised burst in volcanic activity and supports the concept of stabilised phases of the geomagnetic field during reversals. The VGPs of the overlying flows move towards the position expected for normal polarity. After rotating of the VGPs into the Late Permian/Early Triassic geographic reference system it is evident that most of the transitional VGPs are strongly confined to a narrow longitudinal band which is perpendicular to near- or far-sided VGP paths. Such near- or far-sided paths would be indicative for the dominance of zonal, and thus axis-symmetric, non-dipole fields. The VGP path of this transition suggests the contribution of strong sectorial components of the Earth's magnetic field. Following the transition itself, normal polarity is reached for a brief time interval. Subsequently, the VGPs depart from this position to form another well defined directional cluster recorded by 14 successive flows. During this clustering, which is interpreted as an excursion of the Earth's magnetic field, no characteristic variation in palaeointensity is identified (mean value 14 µT). Such post-transitional excursions are frequently observed in younger reversal records and are explained by instabilities of the geodynamo after the reversal. However, VGPs associated with post-transitional excursions usually reach positions similar to those occupied by VGPs during the transition. In contrast to such "rebound" effects, the excursion-related VGPs of this record are still confined to the latitudinal band defined by the transition, but "overshoot" normal polarity. This geometrical constraint suggests that non-dipole components similar to those dominating the transitional VGP path are responsible for this observation. Remarkably, the geomagnetic polarity transition described here shares many similarities - such as directional clustering, longitudinal confinement of the VGP path, the existence of a post-transitional excursion and generally low palaeointensities - with previously published reversal records of mainly Tertiary age. It may, therefore, be inferred that the underlying reversal processes are similar to those observed for the Cenozoic. The results obtained of the superjacent 41 flows, which were extruded immediately after the reversal-related excursion, indicate that only at this stage of the record stable normal polarity is reached allowing to determine several characteristic parameters of the Early Triassic Earth's magnetic field. The mean palaeointensity for this part of the sequence is 19 µT, which corresponds to a virtual geomagnetic dipole moment (VDM) of 2.3 * 10^22 Am^2. These findings confirm that the Mesozoic dipole low extends at least down to the Permo-Triassic boundary. Calculation of the recorded secular variation yields values similar to those averaged over the last 5 Ma, a period with distinctly higher mean VDM (5.5 * 10^22 Am^2) compared to the data presented here. The hypothesis of enhanced secular variation during phases of a low mean VDM can, therefore, not be substantiated by this study. Secular variation and the strength of the dipole moment seem to be - at least in the Early Mesozoic - more complexly coupled than previously assumed. Magnetostratigraphic results of borehole samples obtained from basalts related to the Siberian Trap volcanism including the West Siberian basin yield in total 6 polarity intervals. Comparison to the global magnetostratigraphic scale indicates that the volcanic activity lasted no more than 3.2 Ma. However, the lava sequence in the Noril'sk area (more than 1700 m thick), representing the bulk of the erupted material, recorded only one polarity transition. This finding has been supported by data derived from boreholes in close vicinity to the surface sections which makes the presence of further undetected polarity transitions highly unlikely. It can be thus inferred that the emplacement of the sequence occurred much faster than the aforementioned 3.2 Ma. Radiometric ages suggest an upper limit for the duration of the emplacement of approximately 1 Ma. Based on the assumptions of similar rates of angular secular variation in the Early Triassic and in the Holocene and an average duration of the transition itself the time interval covered is estimated to be in the order of 15000 years. This value has to be regarded as a lowermost limit for the duration of the emplacement. Such a rapid development of the volcanic province in the Noril'sk area would imply an enormous eruption rate making a strong case for the Siberian Trap basalts as cause for the Permo-Triassic crisis.