Podcasts about great dying

"He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions." How are we supposed to understand the phrase "merciless Indian Savages" in the Declaration of Independence? In this episode, expert in American Indian history Prof. Matthew Kruer (U. of Chicago) gives a thorough analysis of indigenous-colonial relations from the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) through the Declaration of Independence (1776). Topics include the following: -The enormous diversity of the 574 indigenous nations recognized by the US Federal government -The Great Dying, which led to the death of 90% of the indigenous population of North America due to war, disease, and enslavement -The complexity and size of indigenous urban centers and trade networks -The consequences of the Seven Years' War (or the French and Indian War), which ended in 1763, for native peoples and colonists -The Proclamation of 1763, which demarcated settler country and Indian country -Pontiac's War (1764) and settler-Indian violence -The rise of the Black Boys, arguably the first violent anti-British imperial militia -Dunmore's War (1774), the conflict between Mingo and Shawnee against the Virginia Militia -Indigenous reactions to the Declaration The episode ends with a reflection on the tension between the ideals expressed in the Declaration and the characterization of native peoples as "merciless Indian savages." The books discussed in the episode are: Kruer, Matthew. Time of Anarchy: Indigenous Power and the Crisis of Colonialism in Early America. (2021, Harvard UP). Blackhawk, Ned. The Rediscovery of America: Native Peoples and the Unmaking of US History. (2023, Yale UP).

Adelaide’s scientific community wades into the global conversation about de-extinction as Associate Professor Bastien Llamas from the University of Adelaide’s School of Biological Sciences and the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA brings cool-headed expertise to recent claims about dire wolves being “brought back from extinction.” What began as scientific curiosity became urgently relevant when Steve overheard his teenage daughters excitedly discussing how “wolves aren’t extinct anymore and mammoths will be back soon” – highlighting the real-world consequences of misunderstood science. The SA Drink Of The Week segment isn’t included in this episode, as our focus remains squarely on the fascinating scientific ground being covered, from the definition of true extinction to the uncomfortable realities of dropping long-gone predators into modern ecosystems. In the Musical Pilgrimage, we’re treated to Professor Flint’s Rumble Rumble, a song about the Permian extinction that carries a message of both disaster and hope – perfectly complementing our exploration of extinction, science communication, and the resilience of nature given sufficient time. You can navigate episodes using chapter markers in your podcast app. Not a fan of one segment? You can click next to jump to the next chapter in the show. We’re here to serve! The Adelaide Show Podcast: Awarded Silver for Best Interview Podcast in Australia at the 2021 Australian Podcast Awards and named as Finalist for Best News and Current Affairs Podcast in the 2018 Australian Podcast Awards. And please consider becoming part of our podcast by joining our Inner Circle. It’s an email list. Join it and you might get an email on a Sunday or Monday seeking question ideas, guest ideas and requests for other bits of feedback about YOUR podcast, The Adelaide Show. Email us directly and we’ll add you to the list: podcast@theadelaideshow.com.au If you enjoy the show, please leave us a 5-star review in iTunes or other podcast sites, or buy some great merch from our Red Bubble store – The Adelaide Show Shop. We’d greatly appreciate it. And please talk about us and share our episodes on social media, it really helps build our community. Oh, and here’s our index of all episode in one concisepage. Running Sheet: Making De-extinction Claims Extinct 00:00:00 Intro Introduction 00:00:00 SA Drink Of The Week No South Australian Drink Of The Week, this week. 00:02:52 Assoc. Prof. Bastien Llamas Winter isn’t just coming, apparently it arrived in October last year when Colossal Biosciences announced they’d successfully “de-extincted” the dire wolf after a 10,000-year absence. Now, for anyone watching the news or scrolling through social media lately, you might think you’ve stepped into an episode of Game of Thrones—and the connection is no coincidence, with George R.R. Martin himself serving as a “cultural adviser” to this company. I first caught wind of this story through our good mate Michael Mills, better known to many South Aussie school kids as Professor Flint, who was absolutely scathing about these claims. And I’ll admit, I thought exploring this topic might be a bit of scientific curiosity until I was driving my teenage daughters recently, and overheard them chatting excitedly about how “cool it is that wolves aren’t extinct anymore” and that “mammoths will be back soon too.” That’s when I realised we needed some cool-headed expertise on the subject. With us today is Associate Professor Bastien Llamas from the University of Adelaide’s School of Biological Sciences and the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA. Bastien’s work on ancient DNA and human adaptation to environmental and cultural stressors puts him in the perfect position to help us understand what’s actually happening with these de-extinction claims. Welcome. The interview opens amid the cultural echoes of Game of Thrones, with Steve noting how Colossal Biosciences has seemingly found a “middle ground” in the stark binary of winning or dying in the game of thrones – by claiming to resurrect dire wolves after a 10,000-year absence. This connection is no coincidence, with George R.R. Martin himself serving as a cultural advisor to the company. “If it looks like a dire wolf and it howls like a dire wolf, it’s… well, a dire wolf for the sake of PR purposes,” Steve observes, setting the stage for Bastien to methodically dismantle the scientific validity of these claims. The discussion begins with fundamentals, as Bastien explains what extinction actually means from a scientific perspective: “The extinction process is really the total disappearance of a particular species from the surface of the earth.” The conversation takes a fascinating turn when Bastien addresses the technological impossibility of true de-extinction: “To de-extinct means literally bringing back individuals from that very species to life… if that extinction happened hundreds or thousands of years ago, it means that we would need to have intact cells from these particular individuals. And through some cloning technologies, be able to create an embryo… Now we’re talking about science fiction.” When pressed on the ecological reality of reintroducing extinct species, Bastien paints a vivid picture of the challenges: “If a species got extinct in the first place, it’s very likely because there were some factors — environmental change or human overkill — that means the world has slowly changed to the point where that species was not adapted to their environment.” His specific example about dire wolves resonates with practical concerns: “A nice big cow would probably be a great prey for that wolf. And I am just waiting for the reaction of the farmers.” The scientific breakdown of Colossal’s claims is particularly enlightening, with Bastien revealing that dire wolves and grey wolves split evolutionarily 5.7 million years ago: “For 5.7 million years, they evolved differently. Dire wolf became those big whoopy canid, um, you know, hypercar, the gray wolves were more adaptable, uh, smaller size, and a diet that was a little bit more diverse.” This evolutionary divergence created approximately 12.5 million genetic differences, yet Colossal made only 20 genetic changes to grey wolves. “Twenty changes out of 12.5 million is nothing,” Bastien emphasises. The interview takes a philosophical turn when Steve asks about the one motivation that might have ethical value – atonement for human-caused extinctions. Bastien thoughtfully responds, “Even atoning for that doesn’t mean that we’re going to change our behaviors,” noting that such technology might create a dangerous sense of complacency about current conservation challenges. Perhaps most powerfully, Bastien offers an analogy that crystallises the issue: “If we take a chimp and we introduce 20 changes in the genome of the chimp, so it loses the hair, for example, and the shape of the skull is modified… would we consider that genetically engineered chimp a human?” The answer is clearly no, undermining the claim that genetically modified grey wolves are actually dire wolves. The conversation closes with wisdom about critical thinking, with Bastien suggesting that while we should allow ourselves to be amazed by scientific headlines initially, we must follow with critical reflection: “You need to let it go. At first you need to be amazed. You need to be curious. You need to be dreaming a little bit. But then once that first phase is over, you need to sit down a little bit and think about really what the information is about.” 00:51:09 Musical Pilgrimage In the Musical Pilgrimage, we feature Rumble Rumble by Professor Flint. This is a song about the Permian extinction, known as The Great Dying, in which 96% of all life was wiped out. It reminds us of the fragility of nature, and the impermanence of all things. It also reminds us of nature’s resilience. While it took millions of years to recover, given the chance, and time, nature was able to recover, and we enter the remarkable Age of Dinosaurs. The death of some, allows for the evolution of others. Michael Mills, the man behind Professor Flint and HeapsGood Music, is highlighted as someone gaining popularity by “staying true to the science” – a refreshing counterpoint to the misleading headlines discussed throughout the episode. Steve shares exciting news about Michael’s upcoming performances at the Lyme Regis Fossil Festival in the UK (making history as the first Australian to grace that stage), as well as his Commonwealth National Science Week grant supporting “The Ammonites,” an all-female dinosaur-loving supergroup touring across Australia this August.Support the show: https://theadelaideshow.com.au/listen-or-download-the-podcast/adelaide-in-crowd/See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In the aftermath of the Great Dying, rapid evolutionary radiation resulted in the rise of a bunch of weird creatures in the Triassic Period. But life at the end of the period, including the earliest dinosaurs, faced yet another catastrophic extinction event. Could you survive in this strange time period?--Eons is a production of Complexly for PBS Digital Studios.If you'd like to support the show, head over to Patreon and pledge for some cool rewards!Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?FacebookYouTubeTwitterInstagram 

A catastrophic volcanic event in the Late Permian Period caused the biggest mass extinction of all time - known to us as the Great Dying. As a result, a large majority of terrestrial life would disappear, but our ancestors had the adaptations (and the healthy dose of luck) needed to survive – but would you? --Eons is a production of Complexly for PBS Digital Studios.If you'd like to support the show, head over to Patreon and pledge for some cool rewards!Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?FacebookYouTubeTwitterInstagram 

John and I welcomed Dr. Alexander Farnsworth to the program to discuss his work regarding regarding the period referred to as the Great Dying, a mass extinction ending the Permian period. This was one of the catastrophic periods of Earth history. Please read the full summary for this program at www.thespaceshow.com for Oct. 2, 2024.

GOOD EVENING: The show begins in Central Asia as the Kremlin returns to shake hangs with the Taliban... 1890 Afghanistan CBS EYE ON THE WORLD WITH JOHN BATCHELOR FIRST HOUR 9-915 1/2: #Central Asia: Russia warms toward the Taliban & What is to be done? Bill Roggio, FDD. Husain Haqqani, Hudson Institute. 915-930 2/2: #Central Asia: Russia warms toward the Taliban & What is to be done? Bill Roggio, FDD. Husain Haqqani, Hudson Institute. 930-945 1/2: #IDF: Back into Gaza; Securing the Lebanon Border. Seth Frantzman, Jerusalem Post, FDD. Bill Roggio, FDD 945-1000 2/2: #IDF: Back into Gaza; Securing the Lebanon Border. Seth Frantzman, Jerusalem Post, FDD. Bill Roggio, FDD SECOND HOUR 10-1015 1/2: #Ukraine: Russia advances and Zelensky explains. John Hardie, FDD. Bill Roggio, FDD. 1015-1030 2/2: #Ukraine: Russia advances and Zelensky explains. John Hardie, FDD. Bill Roggio, FDD. 1030-1045 #PRC: Re-boxing fools no one. Alan Tonelson, @RealityChek. @GordonGChang, Gatestone, Newsweek, The Hill 1045-1100 #TAIWAN: The new president trash-talks Beijing and prospers. Charles Burton, Sinopsis. @GordonGChang, Gatestone, Newsweek, The Hill THIRD HOUR 1100-1115 1/2: #ISRAEL: Return to the Iron Wall of David Ben-Gurion and Ze'ev Jabotinsky. Peter Berkowitz, Hoover Institution 1115-1130 2/2: #ISRAEL: Return to the Iron Wall of David Ben-Gurion and Ze'ev Jabotinsky. Peter Berkowitz, Hoover Institution 1130-1145 #IRAN: Naming the problem: one year late of Iran's war to destroy Israel as a state. John Bolton, Telegraph 1145-1200 #Russia: Both a migration and a birth rate crisis. Ekaterina Zolotova, @GPFutures FOURTH HOUR 12-1215 #NewWorldReport: Assassination in Sheinbaum's Mexico. Joseph Humire @JMHumire @SecureFreeSoc. Ernesto Araujo, Former Foreign Minister Republic of Brazil. #NewWorldReportHumire 1215-1230 #NewWorldReport: Mayoral battle run-off in Sao Paulo, largest city in Latin America. Joseph Humire @JMHumire @SecureFreeSoc. Ernesto Araujo, Former Foreign Minister Republic of Brazil. #NewWorldReportHumire 1230-1245 1/2: #HOTEL MARS: What explains The Great Dying of 250 mya? Alexander Farnsworth, Science, University of Bristol. David Livingston, SpaceShow.com 1245-100 am 2/2: #HOTEL MARS: What explains The Great Dying of 250 mya? Alexander Farnsworth, Science, University of Bristol. David Livingston, SpaceShow.com

1/2: #HOTEL MARS: What explains The Great Dying of 250 mya? Alexander Farnsworth, Science, University of Bristol. David Livingston, SpaceShow.com 1921 PALEONTOLOGY NATIONAL MUSEUM

2/2: #HOTEL MARS: What explains The Great Dying of 250 mya? Alexander Farnsworth, Science, University of Bristol. David Livingston, SpaceShow.com 1909 DARWIN'S STUDY

PREVIEW: THE GREAT DYING: Hotel Mars conversation with colleague David Livingston as we welcome paleoclimatologist Alexander Farnsworth of the University of Bristol to guide us through the research article he and his colleagues posted re the "end-Permian mass extinction," aka the Great Dying, when 80% of Marine Life and two-thirds of Terrestrial Life died off. Why? How? And can it happen again? More soon. 1911 Columbian Museum

Due to various life events the Boiz have decided to postpone our next official episode, instead we're giving our beloved listeners a taste of our exclusive Patreon show, Telling Jerry Something! 251.9 million years ago our planet suffered the most catastrophic event life on Earth has ever known. Join us as Chris regales the gang about the dreaded Permian-Triassic Extinction Event!Sources:GEE, HENRY. A (Very) Short History of Life on Earth: 4.6 Billion Years in 12 Chapters. PICADOR, 2022. Covert Affair Kevin MacLeod (http://incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Twenty-one episodes ago, we discussed the extinction of the dinosaurs 66 million years before the present. However, this isn't the only mass extinction event the Earth has witnessed. Let's go back to 252 million years ago and watch the Great Dying unfold... Sources for this episode: Campbell, N. A., Urry, L. A., Cain, M. L., Wasserman, S. A., Minorsky, P. V. and Reece, J. B. (2018), Biology: a global approach, 11th edition (Global Edition), Harlow, Pearson Education Limited. Clennett, C., Locke, J. and Jackson, T. (editorial consultants) (2023), How Biology Works. LonondM Darling Kindersley Ltd. Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L. & Fan, J.-X. (2013; updated) The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Episodes 36: 199-204. Cui, Y. and Kump, L. R. (2015), Global warming and the end-Permian extinction event: Proxy and modeling perspectives. Earth-Science Reviews 149: 5-22. Herron, J. C., and Freeman, S. (2015), Evolutionary Analysis. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd. Hochuli, P. A., Hermann, E., Vigran, J. O., Bucher, H.and Weissert, H. (2010), Rapid demise and recovery of planet ecosystems across the end-Permian extinction event. Global and Planetary Change 74: 144-155. Kaiser, M. J., Attrill, M. J., Jennings, S., Thomas, D. N., Barnes, D. K. A., Brierley, A. S., Graham, N. A. J., Hiddink, J. G., Howell, K. and Kaartokallio, H. (2020), Marine Ecology: Processes, Systems and Impacts (3rd edition°; Oxford: Oxford University Press. Twitchett, R. J. (2007), The Lilliput effect in the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction event. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 252: 132-144.

Researchers have found compelling evidence that ancient mercury buried in rock points to massive volcanic activity as the cause of the Earth's largest mass extinction, known as 'the Great Dying.' This catastrophic event occurred 252 million years ago and wiped out over 95% of life on Earth, drastically reshaping the planet's biodiversity. The mercury, released by extensive volcanic eruptions, settled into rocks and provides a geochemical signature that ties these eruptions to the extinction event. According to the study, these volcanic eruptions led to severe climate changes, ocean acidification, and widespread habitat destruction. #brightside Animation is created by Bright Side. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/ Check our Bright Side podcast on Spotify and leave a positive review! https://open.spotify.com/show/0hUkPxD... Subscribe to Bright Side: https://goo.gl/rQTJZz ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our Social Media: Facebook:   / brightside   Instagram:   / brightside.official   TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@brightside.of... Stock materials (photos, footages and other): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For more videos and articles visit: http://www.brightside.me ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Help us celebrate our 250th episode by becoming a sustaining member today. For $5 a month, we'll send you an Outside/In baseball cap. The first 250 people to donate during our fall fund drive will also receive a "ginkgo love" sticker. Support Outside/In today! From Dante's Peak and Twister, to the twin apocalypse movies Armageddon and Deep Impact, Outside/In senior producer Taylor Quimby was raised on disaster movies.  But with real climate-related catastrophes popping up more and more, one has to wonder:... what is it about disaster stories that were so appealing in the first place? Do they have anything redeeming to teach us about ourselves or our planet? Taylor attempts to answer that question (and weirdly enough, to celebrate Outside/In's 250th episode) by looking back at one of the planet's all-time worst disasters: The Permian-Triassic Extinction Event, or as it's sometimes called “The Great Dying.” Featuring Michael Benton. SUPPORTOutside/In is made possible with listener support.   Click here to become a sustaining member of Outside/In. Subscribe to our newsletter (it's free!).Follow Outside/In on Instagram or join our private discussion group on Facebook.Submit a question to the “Outside/Inbox.” We answer queries about the natural world, climate change, sustainability, and human evolution. You can send a voice memo to outsidein@nhpr.org or leave a message on our hotline, 1-844-GO-OTTER (844-466-8837). CREDITSHost: Nate HegyiReported and produced by Taylor QuimbyMixed by Taylor QuimbyEditing by Rebecca Lavoie and Nate Hegyi.Executive producer: Rebecca LavoieMusic by Blue Dot Sessions.Our theme music is by Breakmaster Cylinder.Outside/In is a production of New Hampshire Public Radio

Before there were dinosaurs, Queensland, Australia was home to a fascinating array of reptiles, amphibians, and the ancestors of mammals. And then, 252 million years ago, just about everything on Earth died! So let's talk who survived, and why! In an episode supported by National Science Week, host Michael Mills is joined by Dr Espen Knutsen, Senior Curator of Palaeontology at the Museum of Tropical Queensland, and James Cook University, and Ash Turner, PhD Candidate at James Cook University. Along the way, the three talk about some of the many and varied creatures of the Permian and the subsequent Triassic Periods. While Michael discovers an awesome new term for a particular group of animals... the Pigs of the Permian, which he's decided may well be the name of his next album or band! Dr Espen Knutsen is the Senior Curator of Palaeontology at the Museum of Tropical Queensland and James Cook University. He has a special interest in the diversity, evolution and ecology of Mesozoic reptiles, such as ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs and dinosaurs.   You can check out his research portfolio at James Cook University at https://research.jcu.edu.au/portfolio/espen.knutsen/ and can follow him on Twitter at https://twitter.com/e_m_knutsen   Ash Turner is a palaeontologist from Adelaide, looking at vertebrates of Triassic South East Queensland, particularly the temnospondyl amphibians both large and small.   You can find Ash on ResearchGate at https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ashten-Turner-2   You can find Palaeo Jam host Michael on Twitter at https://twitter.com/Heapsgood   To connect with Dinosaur University on Facebook, follow us at https://www.facebook.com/DinosaurUniversity   And on Twitter at… https://twitter.com/DinosaurUni

(image source: https://ideas.fandom.com/wiki/Thrinaxodon_(SciiFii)) Host Matthew Donald and guest co-host Ben O'Regan discuss Thrinaxodon, a stem mammal that did not have little pitchforks or sea-ruling weapons in their mouths, so they're very inaccurately named. I question these so-called scientists sometimes. From the Early Triassic, this 3-foot cynodont was one of the survivors of the Great Dying, AKA the Permian Extinction, AKA the worst time to be on Earth in all of its history other than last week at your aunt's mandatory dinner party. Not sure which won out in the bad-o-meter. It's a tossup I reckon. Want to further support the show? Sign up to our Patreon for exclusive bonus content at Patreon.com/MatthewDonald. Also, you can purchase Matthew Donald's dinosaur book "Megazoic" on Amazon by clicking here, its sequel "Megazoic: The Primeval Power" by clicking here, its third installment "Megazoic: The Hunted Ones" by clicking here, or its final installment "Megazoic: An Era's End" by clicking here, as well as his non-dinosaur-related book "Teslanauts" by clicking here. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

A recent study says fossil remains of a top meat-eating animal living 250 million years ago, which had only been found in the world's northern half, also lived in South Africa. The scientists all have links to South Africa. They reported on fossils of a large ancestor to today's mammals called Inostrancevia. The creature had only been known from fossils found in Russia near the Artic Sea until the new fossils were discovered at a farm in central South Africa. The fossils suggest that Inostrancevia left its native area and moved about 12,000 kilometers over a period of hundreds or thousands of years. During that period, most of the world's big landmasses were connected in what scientists call Pangea.最近的一项研究表明，生活在 2.5 亿年前的顶级食肉动物的化石遗骸也生活在南非，这种动物仅在世界北半部发现过。这些科学家都与南非有联系。他们报告了今天哺乳动物的大型祖先的化石，称为 Inostrancevia。直到在南非中部的一个农场发现新化石之前，人们只是从俄罗斯靠近北冰洋的化石中才知道这种生物。化石表明，Inostrancevia 离开了它的原生区域，并在数百或数千年的时间里移动了大约 12,000 公里。在那段时期，世界上大部分的大陆地都连接在科学家们称之为盘古大陆的地方。Inostrancevia filled the ecological place of a top meat-eating animal in South Africa that had been missing after four other species had died out. "However, it did not survive there long," said Christian Kammerer. He is a scientist with the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences. Kammerer studies fossils and was the lead writer of the research published in Current Biology. "They have no living descendants, but they are a member of the larger group called synapsids, which includes mammals as living representatives," Kammerer added. Kammerer noted that Inostrancevia and all of its closest relatives disappeared in the mass extinction called "the Great Dying." The event took place at the end of what Earth scientists, or geologists, call the Permian Period.Inostrancevia 填补了南非一种顶级食肉动物的生态空间，这种动物在其他四种物种灭绝后就消失了。 “然而，它并没有在那里存活太久，”Christian Kammerer 说。他是北卡罗来纳自然科学博物馆的科学家。 Kammerer 研究化石，并且是发表在《当代生物学》(Current Biology) 上的研究的主要作者。 “它们没有现存的后代，但它们是更大的突触类群的成员，其中包括哺乳动物作为现存代表，”Kammerer 补充道。 Kammerer 指出，Inostrancevia 及其所有近亲都在被称为“大灭绝”的大规模灭绝中消失了。该事件发生在地球科学家或地质学家所说的二叠纪末期。Scientists believe that life on Earth was under pressure about 250 million years ago. Some scientists say volcanic activity in today's Russian area called Siberia warmed Earth temperatures. It caused up to 90 percent of species to die out. Inostrancevia is part of a group of animals called protomammals that combined reptile-like and mammal-like features. It was three to four meters long and had a large, long head with a set of huge teeth it used to kill and eat other animals. If the animals were small enough, Inostrancevia swallowed them whole. Inostrancevia was structured differently from both reptiles and mammals but was usual for protomammals. It carried itself in a way that was neither flat to the ground like reptiles nor standing tall like mammals. It also lacked facial muscles found in mammals and did not produce milk.科学家认为，地球上的生命在大约 2.5 亿年前就处于压力之下。一些科学家说，今天俄罗斯称为西伯利亚的地区的火山活动使地球温度升高。它导致高达 90% 的物种灭绝。 Inostrancevia 是一组称为原始哺乳动物的动物的一部分，它们结合了爬行动物和哺乳动物的特征。它身长三四米，长着一个又大又长的脑袋，上面长着一排巨大的牙齿，用来杀死和吃掉其他动物。如果这些动物足够小，Inostrancevia 就会将它们整个吞下。 Inostrancevia 的结构不同于爬行动物和哺乳动物，但通常用于原始哺乳动物。它的行走方式既不像爬行动物那样平放在地上，也不像哺乳动物那样直立。它还缺乏哺乳动物的面部肌肉，并且不产奶。"Whether these animals were furry or not remains an open question," Kammerer said. The mass extinction happened over about one million years. It led to the rise of dinosaurs during the following Triassic Period. The scientists noted that top meat-eating animals are especially affected by extinction because they require the most food and space. The researchers said they see similarities between the Permian mass extinction and today's climate change problem.“这些动物是否有毛茸茸仍然是一个悬而未决的问题，”Kammerer 说。大灭绝发生了大约一百万年。它导致了随后的三叠纪时期恐龙的兴起。科学家指出，顶级食肉动物尤其容易受到灭绝的影响，因为它们需要最多的食物和空间。研究人员表示，他们看到了二叠纪大灭绝与当今气候变化问题之间的相似之处。Pia Viglietti is with the Field Museum in Chicago. She helped write the study. She said unlike the animals that came before us during the Permian Period, “we actually have the ability to do something to prevent this kind of ecosystem crisis from happening again.”Pia Viglietti 在芝加哥的菲尔德博物馆工作。她帮助撰写了这项研究。她说，与二叠纪时期出现在我们面前的动物不同，“我们实际上有能力做一些事情来防止这种生态系统危机再次发生。”

“Make two silver trumpets. Of hammered work you shall make them, and you shall use them for summoning the congregation and for breaking camp.” - Numbers 10:2 “For behold, I will bring a flood of waters upon the earth to destroy all flesh in which is the breath of life under heaven. Everything that is on the earth shall die.” - Genesis 6:17 Better was a poor and wise youth than an old and foolish king who no longer knew how to take advice. - Ecclesiastes 4:13   This Episode's Links: (All timestamps offset by 24-seconds) 00:00 – Numbers 10:1-36 05:11 – Thoughts on the Reading 12:44 - Who was Moses' wife? – GotQuestions.org 17:19 - Saber-toothed mammalian ancestor reveals how unstable life was during ‘the Great Dying' – Ashley Strickland, CNN, Accuweather 29:36 – Cut 1 - I ‘sued' my parents for having me without my permission – Erin Keller, New York Post 35:48 – Cut 2 - Texas teens charged over ‘fart spray' prank – Snejana Farberov, New York Post 45:51 - Finland Went From Energy Shortage to Negative Power Prices. Here's How They Did It – Ben Zeisloft, DW 52:50 - Target's market value has dropped $9 billion in one week.  – Commodore Vanderbilt, NTB 1:02:03 - Prominent Christians Talk Effective Target And Bud Light Boycotts – Amanda Prestigiacomo, DW 1:16:56 – Cut 3 - DeSantis Releases Campaign Launch Video – Ryan Saavedra, DW 1:19:05 – Cuts 4, 5, 6 - No one is reporting what Ron DeSantis actually said – Joel Abbott, NTB 1:42:41 - GOP Megadonor Who Backed Trump Flips To DeSantis  – Daily Wire News 1:43:56 - DeSantis Hauls In Whopping $8.2M In First 24 Hours As Presidential Candidate – Ryan Saavedra, DW 1:45:27 - 5 Takeaways From the DeSantis 2024 Campaign Launch Night – The Epoch Times --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/garrett-ashley-mullet/message

In world news for kids this week: What to do with a forest of wood planted for paper production not needed now in the digital age? Well, a company in Finland is innovating – creating sustainable batteries out of the wood! Also, Taylor Swift sings 44 songs in 3 hours during her first concert in five years. We'll also explain Int'l Autism Day and how researchers think the “fish-lizard” – ichthyosaur – sea monster lived much earlier than the “Great Dying” when nearly all life on earth was wiped out. 

Well, it's finally here. The last interview of the WildFed Podcast. We'll be back next week with our producer Grant to do a final wrap-up, but as far as guest appearances go, who better to take us out than Dan Flores, and on what better topic than his new book, Wild New World. The book is incredible, even, dare we say, required reading for anyone who's been following the journey of this podcast. It's not just a history of North America and the animals that live here now — the extant animals — and the ones that were here before — the extinct ones. It's also the story of the human predator crossing through Beringia and being unleashed on a homonin-naive megafauna assemblage and the impacts that would have here over the proceeding 20,000 years or so.  It traces its way through the Clovis and Folsom cultures, to the post-ice-age extinction events that led to the great mass of cultures we refer to as Native American, up to the point of contact with European explorers. Then, what follows, as we are all painfully aware, is the Great Dying, which led to the loss of some 80-90% of the indigenous peoples of the continent due to diseases that Europeans had developed significant immunity to but were novel to Native America. And of course, colonization and westward expansion. This then gives way to the most substantial human-induced biomass reduction in known history, the denuding of the land and the commodification of its wildlife — which comes with it several tragic, high-profile extinctions. This part of the book is both compelling and at the same time gruesome and loathsome to read about. It's truly a blemish on the history of this country and something we are a long way from reconciling still.   Eventually, this leads to the beginnings of the modern conservation movement, which carries us through to the present day, exploring both its sometimes less-than-savory origins, but also its tremendous wins, like the Endangered Species Act.  The book walks us through to the very present with some speculation about the future. When Daniel last spoke to Dan, he'd only read a few chapters, and those were some feel-good pages. He didn't really understand what was to come or how it would shake him to the core. He didn't expect it would cause him to reevaluate many of his assumptions or make him audit his own practices and how they relate to this bigger-picture history. It's so easy to forget that we live, not as isolated points in space and time, but rather in a continuum. Embedded in a fabric of living history. Without context for what has come before, we can inadvertently focus myopically on where we are now. Conservation is no different. While our methods for wildlife management are light-years ahead of where they were just a century ago, one thing we've learned making this show is there's still a LONG way to go. It's far from perfect. All that said, humans are and always have been — as long as our genus has existed — predators. Not just dietarily, but behaviorally. Those of us that hunt and fish know this in a very intimate way. The idea of giving that up is not really an option for most of us — despite the hopes of the planet's vegan contingent who believes we can just implement a species-wide dietary experiment on the human population without any malnourishment consequences to ourselves or children. Daniel has been down that road and it leads, in his opinion, off the rails and into nutritional bankruptcy.  So, it seems to us that we need to learn to balance our needs, wants, and desires as a predatory animal with our needs, wants and desires for intact fauna and healthy ecosystems. No easy task. One that's not just centuries, but millennia, in the making. It seems to us that this decade could be characterized by a now hyper-connected and networked human race coming to terms with itself, its past, and its future. Those of us who champion a meaningful ecological trophic connection to wildlife are going to have to do the same. We hope, when the dust settles, we can still hunt, fish, and forage, since as Daniel has stated on this show dozens if not a hundred times — we think this is essentially human.  Who knows where this all leads, but we're grateful to Dan for this book and the incredible work that must have gone into writing such a sweeping ecological and environmental history. We suspect this one is destined to be a classic. Dan is, no doubt, one of the most important environmental writers of our day, and it's an honor to have him back on the show — and especially as our final interview.  As we mentioned earlier, we'll be back next week for one final, more intimate episode of the show. Thank you so much for following along on this journey, for your support, and for your listenership. It has meant the world to us! Now, here's our second interview with Dan Flores on his newest book, Wild New World! View full show notes, including links to resources from this episode here: https://www.wild-fed.com/podcast/173

Biodiversity loss may be the harbinger of a more devastating ecological collapse, an international team of scientists have discovered. By exploring the stability and collapse of marine ecosystems during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction, researchers have gained worrying insights into the modern biodiversity crisis, given that the rate of species loss today outpaces that during the event, known as the ‘Great Dying'. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

November is Native American Heritage Month…and in recognition, we thought we'd re-release the first episode of our third season “Shall Furnish Medicine.” In it, we connected the dots between the spread of European diseases among Indigenous communities when Europeans first arrived and we examined what that history of genocide meant when the COVID-19 pandemic struck home in Native communities. This episode, “The Great Dying,” recently won a couple of big awards – a regional Edward R. Murrow Award for best news documentary and a national Public Media Journalism Association award for best long documentary. Kudos to reporters Savannah Maher and Taylar Stagner! Hope you enjoy!

Of all the times that life on Earth collectively bit the dust, one bite of dust rises above them all. In this episode, Gavin teaches Fia about the worst mass extinction of complex life on Earth, and how we might be racing to match it today. Follow us on Twitter Topic form Guest Form Gavin's Blog Leave us an audio message Youtube Channel

This week, we discuss Earth's mass extinctions...with specific focus on the one that wiped out the non-bird dinosaurs.

When Europeans arrived in the New World in 1492, it was the beginning of a series of events that ws the biggest change in humanity since the discovery of agriculture. The magnitude of those changes wasn't even known at the time, or even for several centuries after the fact. It has only been recently that researchers have discovered the magnitude of what happened. Learn more about The Great Dying of the Americas on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. Subscribe to the podcast!  https://podfollow.com/everythingeverywhere/ -------------------------------- Executive Producer: Darcy Adams Associate Producers: Peter Bennett & Thor Thomsen   Become a supporter on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/everythingeverywhere Update your podcast app at newpodcastapps.com Discord Server: https://discord.gg/UkRUJFh Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/everythingeverywhere/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/everywheretrip Website: https://everything-everywhere.com/everything-everywhere-daily-podcast/ Everything Everywhere is an Airwave Media podcast." or "Everything Everywhere is part of the Airwave Media podcast network Please contact sales@advertisecast.com to advertise on Everything Everywhere. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

LINKS   No Dig Quick Start Course https://worldorganicnews.com/courses/no-dig-gardening/ buymeacoffee.com/changeug   email: jon@worldorganicnews.com   Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1546564598887681   Transcript https://worldorganicnews.com/episode297/   Living Mulch Suppresses Weeds and Yields in Organic Vegetable Plots (CIAS Research Brief #100) https://cias.wisc.edu/organic-initiative/living-mulch-suppresses-weeds-and-yields-in-organic-vegetable-plots-cias-research-brief-100/   6 Reasons Why I Chose Clover as a Living Mulch by KANE JAMISON https://insteading.com/blog/white-clover-as-a-living-mulch/   Episode 296. The Great Dying https://worldorganicnews.com/episode296/  

LINKS No Dig Quick Start Course https://worldorganicnews.com/courses/no-dig-gardening/ email: jon@worldorganicnews.com Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1546564598887681 Transcript https://worldorganicnews.com/episode296/ Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379118307261  

Episode 3 of our series continues to explore the story of the Lakota which became much more complicated with the arrival of Europeans to Keya Wita. Part 1 of the episode begins an in-depth look at the process of colonization that can be said to have started with the Doctrine of Discovery. After investigating our first interactions with European migrants as well as the intermarriage that followed, it discusses the notion of Manifest Destiny and its entrenchment in U.S. federal policy. It then turns to the so-called “Indian Wars” and the Fort Laramie Treaties which happened amidst the great flood of government-defended newcomers. Among other things, we discuss the gold rushes, the Homestead Act, and the creation of the transcontinental railroad. On the other hand, we also remember the “Great Dying,” the Trail of Tears, the so-called Sioux Uprising, Red Cloud's War, and what many historians have called the Battles of Blue Water and the Washita. Lastly, this part ends with a discussion of the U.S. government's “trust responsibility” to its indigenous people.

In our last episode, we discussed The Great Dying, the transitional extinction event that ended the Permian and Paleozoic times and kickstarted the Triassic and Mesozoic! While the Mesozoic is often thought of as the Age of the Dinosaurs (and it *is* the time when they both evolved and went largely extinct), the first part of the Mesozoic was dominated by other groups of animals. But who?! Find out, this week on Petri Dish! References: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220302221 https://www.britannica.com/science/Triassic-Period/Paleoclimate https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/the-triassic-period-the-rise-of-the-dinosaurs.html https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/mesozoic/triassic/triassic.php https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2017.1394922

Hey, times are tough! So in a bit of escapism, Petri Dish has decided to dive into one of the largest extinction events of all time -- the Great Dying! Serving as the end of the paleozoic and start of the mesozoic, the Great Dying killed of around 90% of marine animal species and 75% of land species, clearing things out a little bit for the start of the age of the Dinosaurs! References: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-22066-7 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001282521400110X https://news.mit.edu/2015/siberian-traps-end-permian-extinction-0916 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012821X11007151 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-22066-7 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2018.0361

In this episode we take a step away from the narrative to discuss how diseases brought to the Americas from overseas impacted the native population. Spoiler: it was very bad. This is one of the first impacts of colonialism that the Inca felt and no matter who you were, it had an impact on you.Interested in archaeology and participating in an excavation? Centro Cultural Aq'amama is offering opportunities to participate in an excavation in the Cuzco area from June - August 2022. If you are interested, then contact Aq'amama to learn more: info@aqamama.com. If you'd like to support the show monetarily please click the following link: https://www.patreon.com/incapodcast. And thank you!Please follow the show on Twitter @Incapodcast, find us on our Facebook page: A History of the Inca or check out our website: http://ahistoryoftheinca.wordpress.com.Intro/Exit music by: Kalx aka Kaliran: Andean Lounge, Scream of the DevilTransition music by: Kike Pinto

Suicide Prevention 1-800-273-8255 The Jury Room Links  https://www.patreon.com/juryroompodcast  https://www.buymeacoffee.com/Juryroompodcast  https://linktr.ee/juryroompodcast The Oracle Network Forms General case suggestion Missing Person Stickers Justice For Danielle Bertolini and Sheila Franks Ye Olde Crime Lindsay and Madison discuss the pre-Thanksgiving tragedy that was The Great Dying, as well as the dangers of introducing foreign disease, that it's gross to say plagues are “part of God's divine plan,” and how devastating a single drop of pee can be (listen and you'll get it).  Information pulled from the following sources: 2020 The Conversation article by Matthew Patrick Rowley 2014 Cult Nation article by Mark Laskey 2012 Slate article by Madeleine Johnson 2010 Emerging Infectious Diseases article by John S. Marr and John T. Cathay Historic Ipswich on the Massachusetts North Shore article New England Historical Society website PBS Learning Media resource from The Pilgrims: AMERICAN EXPERIENCE Wikipedia Be sure to listen to our friends Buddy and Harvey over at Murder Incorporated — one of the newest shows over at The Oracl3 Network. Save time and money with Stamps.com. There's NO risk. Use our promo code, POD, you get a special offer that includes a 4-week trial PLUS free postage and a digital scale. No long-term commitments or contracts. Become a member of our Patreon to view exclusive episode outtakes, as well as other perks like early episode access and more for as little as $1/month.  You can write to us at: Ye Olde Crime Podcast, PO Box 341, Wyoming, MN 55092. Leave us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts, Podchaser, or Goodpods! Don't forget to follow us on Twitter, Instagram and YouTube

Lindsay and Madison discuss the pre-Thanksgiving tragedy that was The Great Dying, as well as the dangers of introducing foreign disease, that it's gross to say plagues are “part of God's divine plan,” and how devastating a single drop of pee can be (listen and you'll get it). Information pulled from the following sources:2020 The Conversation article by Matthew Patrick Rowley2014 Cult Nation article by Mark Laskey2012 Slate article by Madeleine Johnson2010 Emerging Infectious Diseases article by John S. Marr and John T. CathayHistoric Ipswich on the Massachusetts North Shore articleNew England Historical Society websitePBS Learning Media resource from The Pilgrims: AMERICAN EXPERIENCEWikipediaBe sure to listen to our friends Buddy and Harvey over at Murder Incorporated — one of the newest shows over at The Oracl3 Network.Save time and money with Stamps.com. There's NO risk. Use our promo code, POD, you get a special offer that includes a 4-week trial PLUS free postage and a digital scale. No long-term commitments or contracts.Become a member of our Patreon to view exclusive episode outtakes, as well as other perks like early episode access and more for as little as $1/month. You can write to us at: Ye Olde Crime Podcast, PO Box 341, Wyoming, MN 55092.Leave us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts, Podchaser, or Goodpods!Don't forget to follow us on Twitter, Instagram and YouTubeInstacart - Groceries delivered in as little as 1 hour. Free delivery on your first order over $35.Buzzsprout - Let's get your podcast launched! Start for FREESupport Our Show with Tee Public Use our special URL to purchase merch and help support our show at the same time!Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.Support the show (https://www.buymeacoffee.com/yeoldecrime)

Tomorrow, we will celebrate Thanksgiving in Massachusetts for the 400th time. It's worth taking a moment this evening to reflect on the circumstances that made that first Thanksgiving possible. In the years before colonization, a deadly epidemic swept from Massachusetts Bay up to the Penobscot River and down to Narragansett Bay, killing more than 90% of the native Massachuset and Wampanoag people in some villages. The Massachuset referred to it as “the Great Dying,” while English settlers called it a “wonderful plague” or a “prodigious pestilence,” sent by God to purge the native inhabitants of the continent and make way for his chosen people. Original show notes: http://www.hubhistory.com/episodes/apocalypse-on-boston-bay-episode-119/

For Native Americans, the story of pandemics started the moment European colonizers stepped foot off their ships. Savannah Maher's tribe the Mashpee Wampanoag experienced that first Great Dying. Arapaho and Shoshone descendant Taylar Stagner tells the history of how those diseases came West as a form of biological warfare.

What's the likelihood of a mass extinction event happening in our lifetime?In this episode, Jess is joined by world-renowned organic geochemist, Professor Kliti Grice, to discuss how researchers are using fossil analysis to learn from past mass extinction events, like the event that wiped out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago.She clarifies when the next naturally occurring mass extinction event will likely occur and answers the question: with the undeniable impact that humans are having on the planet, are we in the middle of a human-induced mass extinction event?Describing mass extinction events [00:49]What's Professor Grice's new project? [03:11]Possibility of a natural or manmade extinction event in our lifetime [06:55]How to minimise the chances of another event [09:53]Why does Professor Grice love her work? [10:39]Get involvedAre you a high school student or teacher based in the Perth metropolitan area? Professor Grice is hoping to partner with high schools and give students the opportunity to take part in experiments to grow artificial fossils in a laboratory, as part of a new AUD$3 million research project.If you think your high school would be interested, please email Professor Grice at K.Grice@curtin.edu.au. Learn moreWestern Australian Organic & Isotope Geochemistry FacilityCurtin University: ‘Dust' and ‘soot' contributed to extinction of species millions of years agoThe Conversation: How chemical clues from prehistoric microbes rewrote the story of one of Earth's biggest mass extinctionsBIOmarkers podcast: Season 1 - Episode 5 - Dr. Kliti GriceConnect with our guestsJohn Curtin Distinguished Professor Kliti Grice, Founding Director of the Curtin-based Western Australian Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Facility.Professor Grice is a world-renowned organic geochemist, a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science and a recipient of a prestigious 2021 Australian Laureate Fellowship from the Australian Federal Government. She is known for finding a geological and environmental basis for the largest mass extinction in Earth's history, which occurred about 252 million years ago.Professor Grice's staff profileProfessor Grice's LinkedIn profileQuestions or suggestions for future topicsEmail thefutureof@curtin.edu.auSocialshttps://twitter.com/curtinunihttps://www.facebook.com/curtinuniversityhttps://www.instagram.com/curtinuniversity/https://www.youtube.com/user/CurtinUniversityhttps://www.linkedin.com/school/curtinuniversity/Transcripthttps://thefutureof.simplecast.com/episodes/mass-extinction-events/transcript Curtin University supports academic freedom of speech. The views expressed in The Future Of podcast may not reflect those of Curtin University.Music: OKAY by 13ounce Creative Commons — Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported — CC BY-SA 3.0 Music promoted by Audio Library.

Dear Democrats: Don't Negotiate With Terrorists - Biden, Schumer and the so-called “Problem Solvers” in the Democratic caucus need to wake the hell up: When you negotiate with GOP terrorist-lovers & enhance their credibility you will lose every timeDr. Eric Feigl-Ding - Is the Delta & Delta + Covid variants the "greatest threat" (as Fauci says) to ending the pandemic?Vaccine Passports Could Save Us From Trump's Final Massacre - Will the next few months become a “Great Awakening” for America or a “Great Dying” for Trump followers?Senator Bernie Sanders - Is There an Infrastructure Deal & Does it Work?Privacy Policy and California Privacy Notice.

Sign up for our mailing list! We have a merch store now too! Thanks to Ethan for this week's topic, two weird animals that developed after the Great Dying we talked about last week! Further reading: Monkey Lizards of the Triassic Placodonts: The Bizarre 'Walrus-Turtles' of the Triassic Drepanosaurus (without a head since we haven't found a skull yet, but with that massive front claw): Drepanosaurus's tail claw: Hypuronector had a leaf-like tail: Placodus was a big round-bodied swimmer: Some placodonts [art by Darren Naish, found at the second article linked above]: Henodus was the oddball placodont that probably ate plant material: Show transcript: Welcome to Strange Animals Podcast. I'm your host, Kate Shaw.   Last week we talked about the end-Permian mass extinction, also called the Great Dying. This week let's follow up with a couple of weird and interesting animals that evolved once things got back to normal on Earth. Thanks to Ethan who suggested both animals.   The great dying marks the end of the Permian and the beginning of the Triassic period, which lasted from about 251 million years ago to 201 million years ago. In those 50 million years, life rebounded rapidly and many animals evolved that we're familiar with today. But some animals from the Triassic are ones you've probably never heard of.   We'll start with a reptile called the drepanosaur. Drepranosaurs are also sometimes called monkey lizards for reasons that will soon become clear. Paleontologists only discovered the first drepanosaur in 1980, Drepanosaurus, and within a few years they recognized a whole new family, Drepanosauridae, to fit that first discovery and subsequent closely related specimens. Drepanosaurs were weird little reptiles that probably looked like lizards in many ways, although they weren't lizards.   How weird was Drepanosaurus? Very weird. Very, very weird.   It was obviously a climbing animal that probably spent all of its life in the treetops. It had lots of adaptations to life in trees, such as hind feet where all the toes pointed in the same direction and were somewhat curved, sort of like a spider monkey's hand. That would help it get a good grip on branches. But those hind feet aren't why it's called the monkey lizard.   Drepanosaurus and its relatives are called monkey lizards because of their tails. Many monkeys have prehensile tails, which act as a fifth limb and help keep the monkey stable in a tree by curling around branches and hanging on. Drepanosaurus had something similar. Instead of being mobile from side to side like most reptile tails, Drepanosaurus's tail could mostly only curve downward. Modern chameleons have an even more pronounced downward-curving tail that helps them climb. But the chameleon's tail is still just a tail. The end of Drepanosaurus's tail had several modified caudal bones that were probably exposed through the skin. Those modified bones acted as a claw to help the animal grab onto tree trunks and branches. So Drepanosaurus had claws on its front feet, claws on its hind feet, and a claw on its tail. It's sort of like having five feet.   As if that wasn't weird enough, let's talk about those claws on the front feet. It had five toes on each foot, and four of them had ordinary claws. They were sharp but fairly small, about what you'd expect from an animal that grew about 19 inches long at most, or 50 cm. But the second toe on each foot, which corresponds to the pointer finger on a human hand, had a much bigger claw. MUCH BIGGER CLAW. It was as big as its whole hand! Most researchers think it used the claw to dig into rotting wood, insect nests, and bark to find insects and other small animals to eat.   But that's not all. Drepanosaurus also had a structure called a supraneural bone at the base of its neck, made up of fused vertebrae, that would have made it look like it had a little hunch on it...

Sign up for our mailing list! It's another extinction event episode! This one's about the end-Permian AKA the Permian-Triassic AKA the GREAT DYING. Further Reading: Ancient mini-sharks lived longer than thought Lystrosaurus's fossilized skeleton: Lystrosaurus may have looked something like this but I hope not: This artist's rendition of lystrosaurus looks a little less horrific but it might not be any more accurate: Show transcript: Welcome to Strange Animals Podcast. I'm your host, Kate Shaw. It's time for our next extinction event episode, and this week it's the big one. Not the extinction event that killed the dinosaurs, but one you may not have heard of, one that almost destroyed all life on earth. I mean, obviously it didn't and things are fine now, but it was touch and go there for a while. It's the Permian-Triassic extinction event, or end-Permian, which took place just over 250 million years ago. It was so bad that scientists who aren't given to hyperbole refer to it as the Great Dying. Don't worry, we won't talk about extinction the whole time. We'll also learn about some interesting animals that survived the extinction event and did just fine afterwards. We have a better idea of what happened at the end of the Permian than we have about the earlier extinction events we talked about in episodes 205 and 214. Right about 252 million years ago, something caused a massive volcanic eruptive event in what is now Siberia. Some researchers speculate that the cause of the volcanic eruptions may have been a huge asteroid impact on the other side of the Earth, which was so powerful that it caused magma to move away from the impact like water sloshing in a jostled glass. The magma rose up toward the earth's crust and eventually through it onto the surface. The result was probably the largest volcanic event in the last half-billion years and it continued for an estimated two million years. Most of the eruptions were probably pretty low-key, just runny lava pouring out of vents in the ground, but there was just so much of it. Lava covered almost a million square miles of land, or 2.6 million square km. Ash and toxic gases from some eruptions also ended up high in the atmosphere, but one big problem was that the lava poured through sediments full of organic material in the process of turning into coal. Lava, of course, is molten rock and it's incredibly hot. It's certainly hot enough to burn a bunch of young coal beds, which added more ash and toxic gases to the air—so much ash that shallow water throughout the entire world became choked with ash. The carbon dioxide released by all that burning coal caused severe ocean acidification and ocean anoxia—a lack of oxygen in the water. But it gets worse! A lot of lava erupted into the ocean right at the continental shelf, where the shallow coastal water becomes much deeper. This is exactly the place where you find methane deposits in the sediments on the ocean floor. When those deposits were suddenly disturbed by lava flowing into them, all the methane in the formerly tranquil depths was released and bubbled to the surface. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, meaning that if a whole lot of it ends up in the atmosphere in a short amount of time, it can cause rapid global warming—much faster than that caused by carbon dioxide. This global warming would have happened after a period of global cooling due to reduced sunlight reaching the earth through ash clouds, which lasted long enough and was severe enough that sea levels dropped as glaciers formed. Then everything heated way, way up. The ice caps melted, which may have led to a stagnation of ocean currents. This in turn would have contributed to the water's anoxicity and toxicity. The average temperature of the ocean would have increased by almost 15 degrees Fahrenheit, or 8 degrees Celsius. Atmospheric warming may have been as much as 68 degrees Fahrenheit in places,

Hello and welcome to Episode Thirty Four of Page Turn: the Largo Public Library Podcast. I'm your host, Hannah! If you enjoy the podcast subscribe, tell a friend, or write us a review! The English Language Transcript can be found below But as always we start with Reader's Advisory! The Reader's Advisory for Episode Thirty Four is Braiding Sweetgrass by Robin Wall Kimmerer. If you like Braiding Sweetgrass you should also check out: As Long As Grass Grows by Dina Gilio-Whitaker, All We Can Save edited by Ayana Elizabeth Johnson and Katharine Keeble Wilkinson, and Entangled Life by Merlin Sheldrake. My personal favorite Goodreads list Braiding Sweetgras is on is Ecosocialism & Degrowth. Happy Reading Everyone Today’s Library Tidbit is on Climate Change. Let’s start at the beginning, what is climate change? According to NASA climate change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth’s local, regional, and global climates. Global warming is the long-term heating of the Earth caused by human activity since the Industrial Revolution. The burning of fossil fuels has added unprecedented levels of CO2 to the atmosphere which is causing rapid global warming. The Earth has gone through several periods of climate change during it’s history. It is believed, based on geological records, that 2,400 -2,100 million years ago, during the Paleoproterozoic era, that the Earth’s surface froze over in response to the atmosphere and the ocean’s experiencing a rise in oxygen. This is referred to the Huronian glaciation. Fun note here our ocean’s are currently rising in temperature as more CO2 and methane are added to them. The event that is believed to have caused the Huronian glaciation is referred to by a few different things but most often the Great Oxidation Event or GOE. The rise in oxygen in the atmosphere over the next hundred of millions of years caused several different glaciation periods and mass extinction events. The differences between them being uninteresting unless you’re studying prehistoric geology or paleontology. Note paleontologists do not just study dinosaurs but all fossilized animal, plant, bacteria, and virus Around 251 million years ago the Great Dying or the Permian-Triassic extinction event occured. This event saw the most extreme mass extinction ever to occur on Earth to date with the extinction of an estimated 83% of all genera. Genera is the plural of genus which if you remember way back to biology is the rank above species in the taxonomic rank. Reasons for this mass extinction event are unknown but models using the available data say that it would have been caused by ocean acidification. The reason for this acidification is unknown. At about 199 million years ago the Triassic period ends and the Jurassic period begins. The Jurassic period is also the Age of the Dinosaurs. Scientists widely believe that the cause of the mass extinction that ended the Triassic period was increased volcanic activity in the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. This volcanic activity released large amounts of CO2 in to the atmosphere raising the overall temperature of the Earth and causing ocean acidification. In general times of extreme cooling of the Earth have been caused by raised oxygen levels in the atmosphere and the oceans and times of extreme warming have been caused by raised CO2 levels in the atmosphere and the oceans. At about 66 million years ago the Cretaceous period ended and the Paleogene period began. This also marks the end of the Mesozoic era and the beginning of the Cenozoic era. This is also the event that caused the extinction of all dinosaurs but birds. There are a few theories behind this mass extinction event. One is a meteorite impact at the Chicxulub crater which is large enough to impact the climate of the planet and lead to potential extinction. Two the Deccan Traps in India, a large range of volcanic activity,

In today’s episode Frank and Cynic let you in on some “shop talk”. We chat on various topics from the origins of life and our inevitable extinction (plus some of the many previous extinctions - THE GREAT DYING!), to the future of racism. We also discuss the future of our “Florida Woman” segment and equally as important, what Frank would ask in the afterlife. Have a nice weekend! Florida Woman Fun Fact Media: Intro: “Love/Hate” by C O N T R A Outro 1: “Love/Hate” by C O N T R A Outro2: Dreamer

We had an unprecedented occurrence.... A cast memeber left half way through the episode. Will they ever return!? Join Josh, Kyle, Micah, Michael, and Joe as we talk about the Star Wars gaming license being freed from EA's clutches, CSPR's lame apology, and the Great Dying of the Permian-Triassic period. Check out our Patreon for exclusive and early content: https://www.patreon.com/themetalgamerspodcast Join the Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/themetalgamerspodcast/ Join the The Metal Gamers Podcast Discord Follow us on Instagram: @themetalgamerspodcast, @fullmetalmikage, @kanguskyle, @micah_mcg, @chiefbheef, @joe_dufflebag

Kat & Cass interview author, astrologer, and and magical person, A.K. Wilder, in this very special bonus episode! Join them as they chat about Kim's new YA novel, Crown of Bones, tips for aspiring authors, the fantasy writing process, and much more! Crown of Bones debuts on January 5th, 2021 and is available for pre-order! Please go support this amazing high-fantasy novel full of intrigue, heart, and finding your own path #raiseyourphantom. Check out the links below for more Crown of Bones goodies! "Raise. Your. Phantom. For fans of epic fantasies and sweeping adventures, this ensemble cast will immerse you in a world of unique magic, breathtaking action and unforgettable characters. In a world on the brink of the next Great Dying, no amount of training can prepare us for what is to come. A young heir will raise the most powerful phantom in all of Baiseen. A dangerous High Savant will do anything to control the realms. A mysterious and deadly Mar race will steal children into the sea. And a handsome guide with far too many secrets will make me fall in love. My name is Ash. A lowly scribe meant to observe and record. And yet I think I’m destined to change us all." Thanks for listening! We'd love to hear from you! Please consider leaving a review and subscribing. Website: www.twobookbitches.com Email: twobookb.tches@gmail.com Twitter: @2bookbitchespod Instagram: @twobookbitchespodcast Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/user/show/117056291-kat-cass Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/twobookbitchespodcast TikTok: @twobookbitchespodcast Disclaimer: Spoilers ahead & sometimes we like to swear and talk about raunchy things. Check it out: Kim's Instagram: @a.k.wilder Kim's Twitter: @akwilder Kim's Website: www.akwilder.com What Phantom Do You Raise Quiz: http://akwilder.com/what-class-of-phantom-do-you-raise/ Map of Amassia: http://akwilder.com/map-of-amassia/ The Siren: http://akwilder.com/portfolio-item/the-siren/ Kim's Daily Divination: https://akwilder.us12.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=5f5a374ba6d490bab4b46b9af&id=cef2ecf984 How the Earth Will Look in 250 Million Years: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hos7w8xrcEs Major Bookstore Pre-Order: Indigo Barnes & Noble Entangled Publishing

For thousands of years, two distinct cultures evolved unaware of one another’s existence. Separated by what one culture called The Great Sea and known to the other as the Atlantic Ocean, the course of each culture’s future changed irreversibly four hundred years ago. In 1620 the Mayflower delivered 102 refugees and fortune seekers from England to Cape Cod, where these two cultures first encountered one another. The English sought religious freedom and fresh financial opportunities. The Natives were recovering from the Great Dying of the past several years that left over two-thirds of their people in graves. How would they react to one another? How might their experience shape modern cross-cultural encounters?Today's guest, Kathryn Haueisen is the author of the book “The Mayflower Chronicles." Being descended from Elder William and Mary Brewster, Haueisen grew up knowing the English version of the story. She learned it both in school and at home. Once her life included grandchildren with Native American heritage, she became more curious about the Native side of the story. Her curiosity took her on a seven-year journey to England, the Netherlands, Plymouth, MA, and numerous museums, libraries, books, websites, and interviews with historians and descendants of the Native communities connected to the story

Grab your shovels, rock picks and brushes, because this episode we are headed to Dino Camp! Dinosaurs ruled the land in the Mesozoic Era, inhabiting every continent on earth. The secrets revealed by their fossils can enliven any journey, whether to one of our great science museums, or to one of the actual fossil dig sitesscattered across the US. Let's face it - many of us went through a dinosaur phase during childhood, and in this episode, we'll brush up on all the awe-inspiring reasons why that phase should never end.  We'll brush up on the progression of dinosaurs from small beasts filling an ecological niche after the "Great Dying" at the end of the Permian age, to the rich cast of characters you know and love from the late Cretaceous. After that, a quick detour to highlight fascinating aspects of dinosaur physiology and answer questions like - were they warm-blooded? Did they have feathers? What's their relationship to birds?  We'll finish out the episode by covering a top ten list of my favorite dinosaurs, and delve into the extinction event that led to the end of the Age of Dinosaurs. Along the way, we'll also cover loads of geology and highlight some of the best places in  the US you can go to indulge your inner Dino Nerd. This episode really can pair well with trips just about anywhere in the US. It is especially great if you are headed out on a trip and are thinking of visiting a dinosaur site such as Dinosaur National Monument in Colorado/Utah, Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry in Utah, Two Medicine Dinosaur Center in Montana, or Dinosaur related state parks in Texas, Massachusetts and Connecticut. City trips should not be lost opportunities either, as you might want to brush up before visiting Chicago's Field Museum, or the Smithsonian in Washington, DC. Knowledge Nugget: Radioisotope Dating Deep Dive: The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs: A New History of a Lost World by Stephen L. Brusatte Deep Dive - Silly: Dinosaurs! - A Fun-Filled Trip Back in Time! Short film by Will Vinton starring Fred Savage

This week, a new method to grow hairy skin in a dish, and new research takes aim at the RNA world hypothesis.In this episode:00:45 Hairy SkinResearchers may have developed a way to make skin that can grow hair in the lab, paving the way for treatment of a variety of skin disorders, and perhaps even baldness. Research Article: Lee et al.; News and Views: Regenerative medicine could pave the way to treating baldness08:56 Research HighlightsHow mercury moved during the ‘Great Dying’, and the link between mobile phones and gender equality. Research Highlight: Giant eruptions belched toxic metal during the ‘Great Dying’; Research Article: Rotondi et al.11:21 Does DNA predate life?The RNA world hypothesis posits that RNA formed spontaneously leading eventually to life. Now new research suggests that RNA and DNA formed together, before life. Research Article: Xu et al.; News and Views: How DNA and RNA subunits might have formed to make the first genetic alphabet19:25 Pick of the BriefingWe pick our highlights from the Nature Briefing, including the recent SpaceX launch, and the earliest fossil of a land animal. CBC: Scientists find oldest fossil of a land animal; Nature News: SpaceX to launch astronauts — and a new era of private human spaceflightSubscribe to Nature Briefing, an unmissable daily round-up of science news, opinion and analysis free in your inbox every weekday.Other linksVideo: We test a home antibody kit for tracking Covid-19 transmission See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Where else are you gonna Malian kora music, country, rockabilly, and extended guitar improv in one podcast? Without even getting off of your couch? Nowhere! Tune in and enjoy!       But do get off your couch if you’re in Brooklyn! Come see me, The Great Dying, and Goldenchild at C’mon Everybody in Brooklyn on Thursday, February 20th! This’ll be a full-band show for Goldenchild, and the Great Dying are Brooklyn-born and bred. “Writing a Song in Blue Ink” was initially written for David Berman. This stands to be a fantastic show! Ballake Sissoko and Baba Sissoko-- “Sigi Gno Gonya” AND “Angata” (Sissoko & Sissoko) KINLEY -- “Washington” (KINLEY) Jordan McEwen -- “Strike a Chord” (Single) Christopher Paul Stelling -- “Trouble Don’t Follow Me” AND “Something in Return” (Best of Luck) Ron Pope -- “Wait and See” AND “Habits” (Bone Structure) Tami Neilson -- “You Were Mine” AND “Queenie, Queenie” (CHICKABOOM!) Joe Buchanan -- “Driftwood” AND “How Good It Is” (Back From Babylon) Emma Hill -- “Early To Bed” (How Could I Have Been So Wrong?) Melody English -- “Affect Me” AND “Badlands” (Melody) Goldenchild -- “I Just Want Tonight” (Goldenchild) The Great Dying -- “Writing a Song in Blue Ink” (Bloody Noses & Roses) Elkhorn -- “Electric One (Part B)” (The Storm Sessions)   Send me music via SubmitHub! Send me money via Ko-fi or Patreon. Find Rachel and her comic via https://linktr.ee/rachel.cholst

The Earth exhaled, and then began to die.  What will we do when our planet is in immediate danger?  Is there a plan and is it a good one?  Who is working on this and what are they doing?  And what kind of outside influence could, or may be already helping us? Our Dying Planet. Ray O’Hanlon. 11-09-18 https://www.irishecho.com/2018/11/our-dying-planet/ Mass Extinction, ‘Great Dying’ Could Happen Again, Scientists Warn. Harry Pettit. The Sun. https://www.foxnews.com/science/mass-extinction-great-dying-could-happen-again-scientists-warn ‘Largest Living Thing’ on Earth is Dying after Decades of Human Interference, Scientists Say. Josh Gabbitiss. 10-17-18. https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/pando-aspen-forest-largest-organism-trees-utah-conservation-a8588791.html Finding Earth-Like Planets.  The University of Texas McDonald Observatory. https://stardate.org/astro-guide/finding-earth-planets NASA is Taking a New Look at Searching for Life Beyond Earth. Tricia Talbert. NASA. 09-27-18. https://phys.org/news/2018-09-nasa-life-earth.html Searching for Life Beyond Earth, Finding Our Dreams Instead. Sarah Scoles. 05-09-18. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ur-earth/ Life, Here and Beyond. Marc Kaufman. 02-11-19. https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/about/ Are Humans Actually Aliens on Earth? Raenae Wann. https://www.gaia.com/article/are-humans-actually-aliens-on-earth Mysteries of the Solar System. Gaia. Season 1 Episode 2 https://www.gaia.com/video/mysteries-solar-system Yes, a NASA Scientist Said Aliens May Have Visited Earth. But There’s Some Nuance. Sarah Marquart. 12-04-18 https://futurism.com/nasa-scientist-aliens-visited-earth-nuance UFOS in Ancient Art: Hidden in Plain Sight. William Henry. 08-16-18. https://www.gaia.com/article/ufos-ancient-art An Evolution of Ancient Astronaut Theory’s Proof and Proponents. Gaia Staff. 11-12-18. https://www.gaia.com/article/the-evolution-of-the-ancient-astronaut-theory-evidence-and-artifacts Former Apollo Astronaut Claims Ancient Alien Astronauts Created the Human Race. Ivan. https://www.ancient-code.com/apollo-astronaut-claims-ancient-alien-astronauts-created-the-human-race/      

The Great Northern Tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps) is a big, beautiful fish from the western Atlantic. It's one of those rare animals that is capable of reshaping its physical environment over vast areas. But it's also interesting for a rather unique reason. It was discovered, entirely accidentally, in 1879 and within 3 years of that discovery, something entirely unexpected and dramatic happened that involved millions upon millions of dead fish.  Subscribe to the show to make sure you don't miss any future Wild Episodes, and e-mail your comments, corrections, suggestions or feedback to help make those future episodes better!  

What is the most abundant life in the Universe? That’s a bold question, considering we have yet to see undisputed proof that ET even exists. The only model we have, is on Earth. So let’s unpack that, and see what we end up with.   Earth, 4.6 billion years old. That’s our scale. The scale has already been split into four eons.   The first eon is called Hadean. That first eon, lasted from 4.57 billion to 4.1 billion years ago. At 4.53 billion years, a mars sized object hit the earth, forming the moon. At 4.1 to 3.8, water and organic material begin falling to Earth.   It would be during this eon 4.0-2.8 billion years ago, where life on Earth took a foothold, the Archean eon. They were single celled creatures including microscopic microfossils.   At 3.6 billion years, we can see the emergence of cyanobacteria. These little guys begin to produce oxygen in Earths’ great oxygenation event.   2.5 billion years ago, Earths oxygen level begins to significantly rise.   Notice that Earth is almost half as old as it is now, yet populated with these simple life forms, and there’s nowhere near enough oxygen in the air for animals or humans.   Once the oxygen level starts to rise, multi-celled organisms start showing up. The cells have a protected nucleus, which now house DNA.   At 2 billion years ago, photosynthesis begins to produce more oxygen. Creatures start using oxygen to process fat, sugar, and protein.   At a billion years ago, a super continent forms. Life looks like cool sponges and funky worms. Half a billion years ago, the Cambrian explosion gives rise to more complex animals that evolve and diversify rapidly.   490-445 million years ago, we see the first plants and fungi appear on land, then an Ice age. After this time, jawed fish appear, then more complex plants, increasing oxygen, winged insects.   Then 252 million years ago, the Great Dying event wipes out 95% of life on Earth. Then Dinosaurs take over the planet until Bam, a big rock from the sky wipes them out.   With nothing around to eat plants, plants become trees. Forests become the new modern habitat. With all that food around, mammals start getting bigger and bigger. The first primates appear. Those opposable thumb tree swingers eventually hit the ground That’s when the Earth became the Planet of the Apes

The Paleozoic Era saw the rapid emergence of increasingly complex life forms that filled the sea and the land, but they would all face extinction during the events known as the Great Dying.

In this episode, I examine another massive extraterrestrial impact, this one prehistoric and blamed for ending most life on earth. But what really caused the extinction of the dinosaurs? Do we know, or is it a blind spot in prehistory? Be sure to visit the website at historicalblindness.com to view the blog post with images and further reading.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It’s in our nature to find answers so we can make sense of the world around us. But unfortunately they aren’t always easy to find. The cases on this list are examples of just that and will leave you wanting to find the truth. These are 5 strange and creepy Unsolved Mysteries. Please support Scary Mysteries! Check out our Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/scarymysteries... - There's a lot of cool access, giveaways and even a custom episode! Buy awesome original shirts made by Scary Mysteries https://newdawnfilm.com/scary-mysteri... Subscribe for Weekly Videos here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiE8... _________________________________________________________ 5. Lyle Stevik It was Friday, September 14, 2001 when a man in a gray shirt with a blue plaid top and jeans walked into the Quinault Inn in Amanda Park, Washington. He wrote down the name “Lyle Stevik” and paid for a single night’s stay but told the receptionist that he might stay for “a few more days.” He brought no luggage with him, in fact the only thing he had in hand was a toothbrush and toothpaste. Nothing seemed that unusual with Lyle until a few days later on September 17, when he was found dead inside his hotel room. Police ruled his death a suicide. He was found inside the hotel closet having hanged himself by the neck using his belt and the clothes railing. During the investigation, police found a crumpled note with the word “suicide” written on it along with $160 in $20 bills with the words scribbled on them….“for the room.” 4. Ireland’s Vanishing Triangle In 1993, 26-year old, Annie McCarrick, a Long Island New York native had been living in Dublin, Ireland for some time. On March 26, she was expecting friends over for dinner the next night. She was seen buying groceries, heading to the bank and post office and By 9:00 PM, a doorman reported seeing her at a popular pub in the area. The next day, when she didn’t show up to collect her paycheck or for the arranged dinner with friends, she was reported missing. Her family flew to Ireland to find her but left six months later with no clues as to where she had gone or what had happened to her. 3. Permian Extinction Known as “The Great Dying”, the Permian Extinction is considered one of the greatest extinction mysteries of all time. Occurring about 250 million years ago, between the Permian period and beginning of the Triassic, it’s one of the most catastrophic extinctions to have occurred on the planet so far. 2. Starlite A material known to be so heat resistant and fire proof that it could withstand 75 Hiroshima bombs. Sounds impossible right? Well, not if you believe Maurice Ward, the creator of a unique plastic material he called Starlite. 1. Morgan Nick On June 9, 1995, 6-year old Morgan Nick went to a Little League Baseball Game with her mom in Alma, Arkansas. At around 10:30 PM, the girl went out with two friends to capture lightning bugs. Even though her mother was hesitant, she eventually agreed to let her go. After they were done, her two friends saw Morgan emptying sand from her shoes, standing close to her mother’s car. As she was putting her shoes back on, her friends saw a “creepy man” talking to Morgan. Shortly after the game ended, her friends told Morgan’s mom she was by the car, but when her mother went out there, she couldn’t find her daughter anywhere.

Vandaag weer een show boordevol nieuwe muziek. Je hoort Dick Dale, Townes van Zandt, The Mamas & The Papas, The Great Dying en Ethan Jones.

Vandaag weer een show boordevol nieuwe muziek. Je hoort Dick Dale, Townes van Zandt, The Mamas & The Papas, The Great Dying en Ethan Jones.

Vandaag met muziek van De Staat & Luwten, Barrelhouse, The White Buffalo, John Mellencamp, Townes van Zandt en The Great Dying.

This is a segment of episode #177 of the Last Born In The Wilderness “The Great Dying: How The Colonization Of The Americas Cooled The Planet w/ Alexander Koch.” Listen to the full episode: http://bit.ly/LBWkoch In this segment of my interview with Alexander Koch, lead author of the recently-released paper 'Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492,' we discuss the dramatic global climatological changes that resulted from the “Great Dying" of indigenous populations in the Americas after first contact with Europeans in 1492. As Alexander and his colleagues’ research reveals, the "Great Dying” in the Americas ultimately led to the deaths of up to 90 percent of the indigenous population in North and South America, as a result of subsequent waves of infectious diseases and the genocidal actions of the European invaders. In turn, the widespread decline in population led a "7-10 ppm decrease in atmospheric CO2 between 1550 and 1650,” which "is the largest pre-industrial change in CO2 over the past 2,000 years.” The average surface air temperatures dropped by 0.15C globally, resulting in what has been defined as the coldest period during what has been described as the "Little Ice Age,” which extended from about 1300 to 1850. I ask Alexander to elaborate on the details of this research, in particular how the “Great Dying” directly contributed to a shift in global temperatures and carbon output during that timeframe.  Alexander Koch is currently pursuing his PhD at University College London (UCL), which includes research combining the fields of climate modeling, historical geography and tropical ecology. Along with his colleagues Chris Brierley, Mark M. Maslin, Simon L. Lewis in the Department of Geography at UCL, Alexander is the co-author of the paper 'Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492,’ the findings of which are discussed in the full episode. 
 Read the research yourself: http://bit.ly/2EfRlU7 Read a summary of the research and its implications in The Conversation: http://bit.ly/2U9apds WEBSITE: https://www.lastborninthewilderness.com PATREON: http://bit.ly/LBWPATREON DONATE: Paypal: http://bit.ly/LBWPAYPAL Ko-Fi: http://bit.ly/LBWKOFI DROP ME A LINE: (208) 918-2837 FOLLOW & LISTEN: SoundCloud: http://bit.ly/LBWSOUNDCLOUD iTunes: http://bit.ly/LBWITUNES Google Play: http://bit.ly/LBWGOOGLE Stitcher: http://bit.ly/LBWSTITCHER RadioPublic: http://bit.ly/LBWRADIOPUB YouTube: http://bit.ly/LBWYOUTUBE NEWSLETTER: http://bit.ly/LBWnewsletter SOCIAL MEDIA: Facebook: http://bit.ly/LBWFACEBOOK Twitter: http://bit.ly/LBWTWITTER Instagram: http://bit.ly/LBWINSTA

T-SHIRTS ARE NOW AVAILABLE FOR PURCHASE: https://www.lastborninthewilderness.com/merch In this episode, I speak with Alexander Koch, lead author of the recently-released 'Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492,' a groundbreaking scientific paper that, as the title suggests, explores the dramatic global climatological changes that resulted from the “Great Dying" of indigenous populations in the Americas after first contact with Europeans in 1492. Alexander and his colleagues’ research has been making the rounds in mainstream media, getting extensive coverage at The Guardian, BBC, The Hill, and numerous other publications. As Alexander and his colleagues’ research reveals, the "Great Dying” in the Americas ultimately led to the deaths of up to 90 percent of the indigenous population in North and South America, as a result of subsequent waves of infectious diseases and the genocidal actions of the European invaders. In turn, the widespread decline in population led a "7-10 ppm decrease in atmospheric CO2 between 1550 and 1650,” which "is the largest pre-industrial change in CO2 over the past 2,000 years.”* The average surface air temperatures dropped by 0.15°C globally, resulting in what has been defined as the coldest period during what has been described as the "Little Ice Age,”** which extended from about 1300 to 1850. I ask Alexander to elaborate on the details of this research, including how he and his colleagues were able to more accurately estimate the population density in the Pre-Colonial Americas, how many died as a result of contact with Europeans, and how this directly contributed to a shift in global temperatures and carbon output during that timeframe. We also fit the findings of this research within the context our contemporary understanding of the human impact on the global climate system in our present time, and how this research reframes our understandings of when the Anthropocene, “the human epoch,” initially began. We discuss this and more in this episode. Alexander Koch is currently pursuing his PhD at University College London (UCL), which includes research combining the fields of climate modeling, historical geography and tropical ecology. Along with his colleagues Chris Brierley, Mark M. Maslin, Simon L. Lewis in the Department of Geography at UCL, Alexander is the co-author of the paper 'Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492,’ the findings of which are discussed in this episode. 
 *Source: http://bit.ly/2EfRlU7 **Source: http://bit.ly/2GMHCbC Episode Notes:
 - Read the paper 'Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492’ at Science Direct: http://bit.ly/2EfRlU7 - Read the summary of Alexander and his colleagues research in 'European colonisation of the Americas killed 10% of world population and caused global cooling' published at The Conversation: http://bit.ly/2U9apds - Mark M. Maslin and Simon L. Lewis is the author of ‘The Human Planet: How We Created The Anthropocene,’ which expands upon the implications of the findings in this research: http://bit.ly/2GPv1or - The song featured in this episode is “Shred You To Bits (feat. Shigeto)” by The Gaslamp Killer from the album Instrumentalepathy. - WEBSITE: https://www.lastborninthewilderness.com - PATREON: http://bit.ly/LBWPATREON - DONATE: Paypal: http://bit.ly/LBWPAYPAL Ko-Fi: http://bit.ly/LBWKOFI - DROP ME A LINE: (208) 918-2837 - FOLLOW & LISTEN: SoundCloud: http://bit.ly/LBWSOUNDCLOUD iTunes: http://bit.ly/LBWITUNES Google Play: http://bit.ly/LBWGOOGLE Stitcher: http://bit.ly/LBWSTITCHER RadioPublic: http://bit.ly/LBWRADIOPUB YouTube: http://bit.ly/LBWYOUTUBE - NEWSLETTER: http://bit.ly/LBWnewsletter - SOCIAL MEDIA: Facebook: http://bit.ly/LBWFACEBOOK Twitter: http://bit.ly/LBWTWITTER Instagram: http://bit.ly/LBWINSTA

In the years immediately before English Puritans settled on the Shawmut Peninsula, a series of epidemics nearly wiped out the indigenous population of New England. The worst of these plagues was centered on Boston Harbor, and swept from Narragansett Bay in the south to the Penobscot River in the North. It was the greatest tragedy to befall Native peoples of the region, who sometimes referred to it as “the Great Dying,” while English settlers called it a “wonderful plague” or a “prodigious pestilence.” They believed the disease had been sent by God to purge the native inhabitants of the continent and make way for his chosen people. Show notes: http://HUBhistory.com/119

In this episode we introduce the main focus of the podcast and give an overview of the sorts of topics that we will be covering in the episodes that follow. As an example, we end the episode with a deconstruction of a recent scientific paper linking europeans to climate change in the 1500s. Bibliography: Bernays, E. L. (2005). Propaganda. Ig publishing. Koch, A., Brierley, C., Maslin, M. M., & Lewis, S. L. (2019). Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492. Quaternary Science Reviews, 207, 13-36. The Guardian: European colonization of Americas killed so many it cooled Earth's climate WHERE TO FIND US Website: notconformedshow.com Email: info@notconformedshow.com RSS Feed: (NEW! SimpleCast 2.0) https://feeds.simplecast.com/Q7v05iI6

The worst mass extinction in known history happened 250 million years ago, wiping out an astonishing 96% of all marine life. Scientists have offered many theories on how this could have happened, from meteors to volcanoes--but a research team may have finally cracked the code, and it doesn't bode well for our own future. Charlie brings in a paper that takes a grim dive into the world's most lethal time period. Read the paper and news articles here.

252 million years ago, the Earth experienced what might be the worst extinction event of all time, so dramatic that it brought an end to the entire Paleozoic Era, that it resulted in the rise of entirely new types of ecosystems, and that it has come to be known as “The Great Dying.” This episode, we discuss the tragedy, the chaos, and the aftermath of the Permian Extinction. In the news: the oldest animal, giant elephant birds, mammal jaw evolution, and one really big tree. Time markers: Intro & Announcements: 00:00:00 News: 00:04:00 Main discussion, Part 1: 00:27:30 Main discussion, Part 2: 00:59:30 Patron question: 01:33:00 Check out our blog for bonus info and pictures: http://commondescentpodcast.wordpress.com/ Follow and Support us on: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/commondescentpodcast Twitter: https://twitter.com/CommonDescentPC Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/commondescentpodcast/ PodBean: https://commondescentpodcast.podbean.com/ iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-common-descent-podcast/id1207586509?mt=2 YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCePRXHEnZmTGum2r1l2mduw The Intro and Outro music is “On the Origin of Species” by Protodome. More music like this at http://ocremix.org. Muscial Interludes are "Professor Umlaut" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com). Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Ocean acidification, over-fishing, warming climate and other environmental triggers may spell the next "Great Dying," but are we there yet? ____________________ Sources: Early Accretion Of Water In The Inner Solar System From A Carbonaceous Chondrite-like Source: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/346/6209/623 “Determining the origin of water and the timing of its accretion within the inner solar system is important for understanding the dynamics of planet formation." Dehydration Melting At The Top Of The Lower Mantle: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/344/6189/1265 “The high water storage capacity of minerals in Earth’s mantle transition zone (410- to 660-kilometer depth) implies the possibility of a deep H2O reservoir, which could cause dehydration melting of vertically flowing mantle." Why Do We Look For Water When Searching For Extraterrestrial Life?: https://io9.gizmodo.com/5728932/why-do-we-look-for-water-when-searching-for-extraterrestrial-life “The assumption that alien biochemistries probably require liquid water may seem a little Earth-centric. But given the chemical possibilities available from the most abundant elements in the universe, even an alien scientist with a different biochemistry would probably agree that a water-solvent-based biochemistry is quite likely to occur elsewhere in the universe – and might well be the most likely foundation for a complex ecosystem in which intelligent life could develop." Scientists Discover The Oldest, Largest Body Of Water In Existence — In Space: https://www.fastcompany.com/1769468/scientists-discover-oldest-largest-body-water-existence-space “Scientists have found the biggest and oldest reservoir of water ever—so large and so old, it’s almost impossible to describe. The water is out in space, a place we used to think of as desolate and desert dry, but it's turning out to be pretty lush." ____________________ Follow Trace on twitter: http://twitter.com/tracedominguez Follow Seeker on twitter: http://twitter.com/seeker And, subscribe on YouTube too: http://youtube.com/seeker Seeker inspires us to see the world through the lens of science and evokes a sense of curiosity, optimism and adventure. Visit the Seeker website for more science coverage https://www.seeker.com/  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Ocean acidification, over-fishing, warming climate and other environmental triggers may spell the next "Great Dying," but are we there yet? ____________________ Sources: Early Accretion Of Water In The Inner Solar System From A Carbonaceous Chondrite-like Source: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/346/6209/623 “Determining the origin of water and the timing of its accretion within the inner solar system is important for understanding the dynamics of planet formation." Dehydration Melting At The Top Of The Lower Mantle: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/344/6189/1265 “The high water storage capacity of minerals in Earth’s mantle transition zone (410- to 660-kilometer depth) implies the possibility of a deep H2O reservoir, which could cause dehydration melting of vertically flowing mantle." Why Do We Look For Water When Searching For Extraterrestrial Life?: https://io9.gizmodo.com/5728932/why-do-we-look-for-water-when-searching-for-extraterrestrial-life “The assumption that alien biochemistries probably require liquid water may seem a little Earth-centric. But given the chemical possibilities available from the most abundant elements in the universe, even an alien scientist with a different biochemistry would probably agree that a water-solvent-based biochemistry is quite likely to occur elsewhere in the universe – and might well be the most likely foundation for a complex ecosystem in which intelligent life could develop." Scientists Discover The Oldest, Largest Body Of Water In Existence — In Space: https://www.fastcompany.com/1769468/scientists-discover-oldest-largest-body-water-existence-space “Scientists have found the biggest and oldest reservoir of water ever—so large and so old, it’s almost impossible to describe. The water is out in space, a place we used to think of as desolate and desert dry, but it's turning out to be pretty lush." ____________________ Follow Trace on twitter: http://twitter.com/tracedominguez Follow Seeker on twitter: http://twitter.com/seeker And, subscribe on YouTube too: http://youtube.com/seeker Seeker inspires us to see the world through the lens of science and evokes a sense of curiosity, optimism and adventure. Visit the Seeker website for more science coverage https://www.seeker.com/  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

News: Uranus smells like farts! A study published last Monday in Nature Astronomy outlines the findings of literally stinky gas in the clouds of Uranus. How do we know this you may ask? Basically, certain elements give off certain wavelengths of light and when we viewed Uranus, astronomers at the Gemini Observatory in Hawaii found hydrogen sulfide, which literally smells like farts. Now... coincidence?? 100% as the naming of Uranus had an entirely unrelated reason. Initially, william herschel discovered this icy body and tried to name it after King George III in 1781. However, it was German astronomer Johann Elert Bode, who helped to actually classify it as a planet. He named Uranus after an ancient Greek god of the sky. Bode argued that as Saturn was the father of Jupiter in roman mythology, or Cronos to Zeus in Greek mythology, that the new planet should be named for the father of Saturn. Making it the only planet to be named after a Greek God instead of a Roman God. Bode's colleague, Martin Klaproth, loved this name and named his newly discovered element "uranium." Unrelated really, but a fun story. THEN we found out it had methane and hydrogen sulfide Twitter Shout Out @THEromeomike tweeted “Let’s here about Binary Stars! Including Nemesis and the Companion Star Theory.” Just an aspiring manga(MONGUH) artist trying to make it in this crazy world. Original Webcomic at http://no-world-for-tomorrow-comic.tumblr.com   Topic: Binary Stars Imagine living in a world with 2 suns, maybe even 3 suns! 80% of the single points of light in space is not just one star, but potentially multiple. Out of this 80%, most of these multiple star systems are binary stars systems, or solar systems containing 2 suns or stars. Optical double stars Appear close together, but are really far apart in terms of depth Binary Stars Actually orbiting eachother For instance, there are binary stars that make up the kink in the handle of the big dipper, Mizar and Alcor. These actually were used for eyesight tests in ancient times. More on those “stars” later Binary types Visual Binary Can be seen as two separate stars using a telescope These pairs are usually relatively close to us so that the individual stars can be pointed out. Alpha Centauri A & B Spectroscopic Binaries They orbit so close, that we can’t view them as separate with our eyes. How do we know they are binary? We can view the wavelengths of light coming from each star. One of them will emit blue shifted light and the other will emit redshifted light. Eclipsing Binaries When we collect the total light received from the star system, one sun will give us a constant line, but when the large star passes in front of a smaller star in orbit, the light we receive diminishes, thus giving proof of 2 orbiting stars. From these graphs we can tell how bigs the star is, how massive, how hot, and how far. Contact Binaries Stars and so close, they touch. They become linked and the smaller star could actually steal mass from the larger star.   CONSPIRACY! Our sun has a companion named Nemesis! First I want to say that some explanations are ludacris and some and really quite researched. Just because there are many different views on this topic, it can still be true. For instance, we hear again the famous flat earth line “NASA is  lying to us” so often in these reports and that thousands of people have claimed to have photos of two suns in the sky!!! If you look it up, you’ll find about as much information on this as you will the giant ice wall surrounding our flat earth. That being said, Nemesis still holds as a theory, why? MASS EXTINCTIONS!!! Ordovician Era ended 444 million years ago, intense ice age suspected that wiped out 86% of species on our planet, mostly sea dwellers Late Devonian Era, 375 million years ago, 75% species lost including the trilobite. They survived the first one, but not the second. It is suspected that new plants had emerged, allowing their deep roots to release nutrients into the ocean. Nutrients that turned in oxygen-sucking blooms, that eventually sffocated the trilobites Permian Era ended 251 million years ago: “The Great Dying” 96% nearly ended life on Earth. WHY? A volcanic eruption near Siberia filled the atmosphere with CO2, thus producing the greenhouse gas Methane. Earth warmed up and its oceans emitted poisonous hydrogen sulfide, killing almost all coral reefs on Earth called Tabulate Coral Triassic 200 million years ago 80% with no clear cause Cretaceous 66 million years ago 76% this one was caused by the meteor that killed the dinosaurs as well.   Tartigrade HYPE HYPE   These along with smaller mass extinctions seem to occur every 27 million years, so… in 1984 Richard Muller put forth a theory that a small, red dwarf star about 1.5 light years away could be the reason for these extinctions. Later speculations came out saying it could be a brown or white dwarf, comparable to the size of Jupiter, but very faint and hard to see. How you may ask? Well on the very outer edge of our solar system is the Oort Cloud, a spherical shell of icy bodies in a slow orbit around our sun. Now if Nemesis, our so called companion star, had an orbit of 27 million years, it could affect these bodies in the Oort cloud and send one hurtling our way, thus increasing the rate of impact as well as mass extinctions. But there is SO much speculation, especially noticing that only one of the major mass extinctions included an impact.   To give you an idea though of how reputable this theory is. The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) couldn’t find any evidence of Nemesis in the 1980s The 2MASS astronomical survey, running from 1997 to 2001, failed to detect it And the WISE survey (Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer) which can spot brown dwarfs from 10 light years out, still has yet to find it! My guess is Planet 9. Mike Brown. Konstantine Batygin. Kuiper Belt Movement. Ice Giant.

Emily Parsons-Lord re-creates air from distinct moments in Earth's history -- from the clean, fresh-tasting air of the Carboniferous period to the soda-water air of the Great Dying to the heavy, toxic air of the future we're creating. By turning air into art, she invites us to know the invisible world around us. Breathe in the Earth's past and future in this imaginative, trippy talk. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Stuart Pimm, our guest for this episode, is Doris Duke Professor of Conservation Ecology at Duke University, and is a world leader in the study of present day extinctions and what can be done to prevent them. His research covers the reasons why species become extinct, how fast they do so, the global patterns of habitat loss and species extinction, and the management consequences of this research. His commitment to the interface between science and policy has lead to his testimony to both House and Senate Committees on the re-authorization of the Endangered Species Act. He has worked and taught in Africa for nearly 20 years on elephants, and most recently lions — through National Geographic’s Big Cats Initiative — but always on topics that relate to the conservation of wildlife and the ecosystems on which they depend. Other research areas include the Everglades of Florida and the tropical forests in South America, especially the Atlantic Coast forest of Brazil and the northern Andes — two of the world's "hotspots" for threatened species. Episode Notes: - Learn more about Stuart and his work at his Duke University faculty page: nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/pimm - The Pimm Group and its resources can be accessed here: http://thepimmgroup.org - To learn more and contribute to localized conservation efforts, go to http://www.savingspecies.org - The opening and closing track of nature sounds can be found here: https://youtu.be/iwI6VSy5EmQ - Podcast website: https://www.lastborninthewilderness.com - Support the podcast: PATREON: www.patreon.com/lastborninthewilderness ONE-TIME DONATION: www.ko-fi.com/lastborninthewilderness - Follow and listen: SOUNDCLOUD: www.soundcloud.com/lastborninthewilderness ITUNES: www.goo.gl/Fvy4ca GOOGLE PLAY: https://goo.gl/wYgMQc STITCHER: https://goo.gl/eeUBfS - Social Media: FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com/lastborninthewildernesspodcast TWITTER: www.twitter.com/lastbornpodcast INSTAGRAM: www.instagram.com/patterns.of.behavior

Join us this week as we explore one of the most cryptic and unsettling disasters at sea, that of the S.S. Ourang Medan, or the Death Ship of the South Sea. As we dive into the story to attempt to find out what is real and what is not, we find ourselves bumping up against possible Ghost Pirate activity and a whole lot of Chemical Weapons. For more information on this episode, you can visit our website at https://www.notalonepodcast.com/Ourang-Medan

Join us this week as we explore one of the most cryptic and unsettling disasters at sea, that of the S.S. Ourang Medan, or the Death Ship of the South Sea. As we dive into the story to attempt to find out what is real and what is not, we find ourselves bumping up against possible Ghost Pirate activity and a whole lot of Chemical Weapons. For more information on this episode, you can visit our website at https://www.notalonepodcast.com/Ourang-Medan

Join Jesse, Sophie, and Adrian as they talk about how the world's worst extinction was caused by microbes, mandrills that don't groom those with sickly faeces, Neanderthal's making jewellery, and their chat with Dr Rob Kinley about his research feeding seaweed to cows to neutralise their methane emissions. Methane special! Find the show notes at our blog: blog.csiro.au/interronauts-episode-6-the-great-dying-anal-mandrills-cutting-cow-methane-w-seaweed-neanderthal-jewellery Send us a message or follow us on Facebook at: https://www.facebook.com/CSIROnews/ Follow us on Twitter @CSIROnews Instagram @CSIROgram Or send us an email: socialmedia@csiro.au

Emily Parsons-Lord re-creates air from distinct moments in Earth's history -- from the clean, fresh-tasting air of the Carboniferous period to the soda-water air of the Great Dying to the heavy, toxic air of the future we're creating. By turning air into art, she invites us to know the invisible world around us. Breathe in the Earth's past and future in this imaginative, trippy talk.

The Permean-Triassic Extinction, an event so devastating to living organisms it’s also known as “The Great Dying”. Scientists have used geologic evidence to determine that long term volcanic activity from the Siberia region led to the death of very nearly all life on planet Earth 250 million years ago. The release of so much volcanic material into the atmosphere had caused a thinning of the ozone and extended periods of acid rain, raising the overall temperature of the Earth’s climate. A vast majority of scientists now say they have accumulated data that shows our planet is now experiencing similar symptoms that were precursors to what is considered the greatest extinction event in Earth’s history. Is this simply alarmist thinking? Could the record high temperatures many countries are experiencing be a result of the Earth’s natural warming and cooling cycle? Perhaps, the heat waves many locations are facing are being caused simply by our planet’s proximity to the Sun. Are climate scientists from around the world cooking the books to create the illusion of an environmental crisis so they can rake in all that sweet, sweet, grant money? Join the theorists as they put on their Hawaiian shirts and flip flops to speculate for beachfront property on this case file for...The Climate Change Conspiracy.   Support The Alien Theorists on Patreon Patreon supporters get access to 30+ hours of Bonus content, exclusive access to the Alien Theorists Theorizing discord server and more! alientheorists.com Follow the Theorists on Facebook Instagram Twitter   Main list talked about https://www.skepticalscience.com/argument.php?fbclid=IwAR3__i67FcK6MN0CUACDQlNTg0qO6c7iTOqNJsX4Gn8mGcEqPONQN-VrSg4   All other sources   https://www.nationalobserver.com/2017/09/20/analysis/fossil-fuel-expansion-crushes-renewables https://thebestschools.org/features/top-climate-change-scientists/ https://cosmosmagazine.com/palaeontology/big-five-extinctions https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/global_warming_controversy.htm https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2017/07/26/heartlands-6-reasons-to-be-a-climate-change-skeptic-are-six-demonstrable-lies/#4b16284d6189 https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/global-warming-ocean-acidification https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/05/140529-conservation-science-animals-species-endangered-extinction/ https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/oct/30/humanity-wiped-out-animals-since-1970-major-report-finds https://cosmosmagazine.com/palaeontology/big-five-extinctions https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2616/core-questions-an-introduction-to-ice-cores/