Podcasts about Mongolia

Full shownotes at www.80dayspodcast.com/ulaanbataar | Support: www.patreon.com/80dayspodcast Merch store: https://www.teepublic.com/stores/eightydayspodcast?ref_id=25321 In this episode of 80 Days: An Exploration Podcast, we'll be talking about Ulaanbaatar, meaning Red Hero, was originally founded in 1639 as a nomadic Bhuddist monastery, essentially a moveable city,  and was not permanently settled at its current location in 1778, where it became a crucial trading hub between Russia and China. The city is located in present-day north central Mongolia, around 1000km or 700 miles northwest of Beijing and about 500km or 300 miles south of Irkutsk, Russia. Its current population is around 1.5 million, meaning it contains around 50% of Mongolia's residents, and is comparable in population to San Diego or Munich. Your hosts, as always, are Luke Kelly @thelukejkelly in Ireland, Mark Boyle @markboyle86 in the UK, and Joe Byrne @anbeirneach in Ireland . (Theme music by Thomas O'Boyle @thatthomasfella)

The Friday after Thanksgiving to the Monday afterwards is a bonanza of shopping in the United States, where capitalism runs wild with reckless abandon. It's almost a symbol of a society whose identity is as intertwined with with rampant consumerism as it is with freedom and democracy. We are free to spend all our gold pieces. And once upon a time, we went back to work on Monday and looked for a raise or bonus to help replenish the coffers. But since fast internet connections started to show up in offices in the late 90s the commodification of holiday shopping, the very digitization of materialism. But how did it come to be? The term Black Friday goes back to a financial crisis in 1869 after Jay Gould and Jim Fisk tried to corner the market on Gold. That backfired and led to a Wall Street crash in September of that year. As the decades rolled by, Americans in the suburbs of urban centers had more and more disposable income and flocked to city centers the day after Thanksgiving. Finally, by 1961, the term showed up in Philadelphia where turmoil over the holiday shopping extravaganza inside. And so as economic downturns throughout the 60s and 70s gave way to the 1980s, the term spread slowly across the country until marketers, decided to use it to their advantage and run sales just on that day. Especially the big chains that were by now in cities where the term was common. And many retailers spent the rest of the year in the red and made back all of their money over the holidays - thus they got in the black. The term went from a negative to a positive. Stores opened earlier and earlier on Friday. Some even unlocking the doors at midnight after shoppers got a nice nap in following stuffing their faces with turkey the earlier in the day. As the Internet exploded in the 90s and buying products online picked up steam, marketers of online e-commerce platforms wanted in on the action. See, they considered brick and mortar to be mortal competition. Most of them should have been looking over their shoulder at Amazon rising, but that's another episode. And so Cyber Monday was born in 2005 when the National Retail Federation launched the term to the world in a press release. And who wanted to be standing in line outside a retail store at midnight on Friday? Especially when the first Wii was released by Nintendo that year and was sold out everywhere early Friday morning. But come Cyber Monday it was all over the internet. Not only that, but one of Amazon's top products that year was the iPod. And the DS Lite. And World of Warcraft. Oh and that was the same year Tickle Me Elmo was sold out everywhere. But available on the Internets. The online world closed the holiday out at just shy of half a billion dollars in sales. But they were just getting started. And I've always thought it was kitschy. And yet I joined in with the rest of them when I started getting all those emails. Because opt-in campaigns were exploding as e-tailers honed those skills at appealing to not wanting to be the worst parent in the world. And Cyber Monday grew year over year. Even as the Great Recession came and has since grown first to a billion dollar shopping day in 2010 and as brick and mortar companies jumped in on the action, $4 billion by 2017, $6 billion in 2018, and nearly $8 billion in 2019. As Covid-19 spread and people stayed home during the 2020 holiday shopping season, revenues from Cyber Monday grew 15% over the previous year, hitting $10.8 billion. But it came at the cost of brick and mortar sales, which fell nearly 24% over the same time a year prior. I guess it kinda' did, but we'll get to that in a bit. Seeing the success of the Cyber Monday marketers, American Express launched Small Business Saturday in 2010, hoping to lure shoppers into small businesses that accepted their cards. And who doesn't love small businesses? Politicians flocked into malls in support, including President Obama in 2011. And by 2012, spending was over $5 billion on Small Business Saturday, and grew to just shy of $20 billion in 2020. To put that into perspective, Georgia, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Jamaica, Niger, Armenia, Haiti, Mongolia, and dozens of other countries have smaller GDPs than just one shopping day in the US. Brick and mortar stores are increasingly part of online shopping. Buy online, pick up curb-side. But that trend goes back to the early 2000s when Walmart was a bigger player on Cyber Monday than Amazon. That changed in 2008 and Walmart fought back with Cyber Week, stretching the field in 2009. Target said “us too” in 2010. And everyone in between hopped in. The sales start at least a week early and spread from online to retail in person with hundreds of emails flooding my inbox at this point. This year, Americans are expected to spend over $36 billion during the weekend from Black Friday to Cyber Monday. And the split between all the sales is pretty much indistinguishable. Who knows or to some degrees cares what bucket each gets placed in at this point. Something else was happening in the decades as Black Friday spread to consume the other days around the Thanksgiving holiday: intensifying globalization. Products flooding into the US from all over the world. Some cheap, some better than what is made locally. Some awesome. Some completely unnecessary. It's a land of plenty. And yet, does it make us happy? My kid enjoyed playing with an empty toilet paper roll just as much as a Furby. And loved the original Xbox just as much as the Switch. I personally need less and to be honest want less as I get older. And yet I still find myself getting roped into spending too much on people at the holidays. Maybe we should create “experience Sunday” where instead of buying material goods, we facilitate free experiences for our loved ones. Because I'm pretty sure they'd rather have that than another ugly pair of holiday socks. Actually, that reminds me: I have some of those in my cart on Amazon so I should wrap this up as they can deliver it tonight if I hurry up. So this Thanksgiving I'm thankful that I and my family are healthy and happy. I'm thankful to be able to do things I love. I'm thankful for my friends. And I'm thankful to all of you for staying with us as we turn another page into the 2022 year. I hope you have a lovely holiday season and have plenty to be thankful for as well. Because you deserve it.

In this conversation, we talked with Carl Betts about his reflections on critical analysis in paramedic practice. Carl is a Paramedic and quality improvement lead-based in Sheffield working for the ambulance service. He has been a Paramedic for 10 years and has a 10-year extensive history of expeditions featuring multiple trips to Everest base camp, K2, Mongolia, South Africa, Swaziland, Kangchenjunga, Toubkal, Aconcagua, Pakistan, Oman and many more.  He has recently written a piece of reflection that is about to be published in the College of Paramedics Hindsight magazine. The piece is titled ‘Where critical analysis becomes critically unhealthy'. In this episode, we examine this article, Carl's motivations for writing it, and pull out some of the salient learning points. We examine some of the salient learning points around; unpacking the concept of disequilibrium in critical analysis that turns into critical self-appraisal. Also, examining the aspects of challenging debrief that leads to balanced learning and does not omit due affirmation. We also explore examples of where this has gone wrong in the past to put it into clinical context. Furthermore, we look at: 1. Why critical analysis is an important skill both empirically and anecdotally. 2. Bring into focus how to reframe challenging incidents to provide a net positive effect for the clinician. 3. Understand how damaging it can be when it is critical self-appraisal/appraisal by others. 4. Reframing techniques in debrief and reflection  5. Understanding the wider investment in this concept from senior management, frontline clinicians and educational institutions.  We hope you enjoy this episode with an engaging and insightful guest.

Welcome to part two of Invasion of the Remake's annual horror movie challenge in which each host watched 31 movies over the 31 days of October which we have never seen before. Which ones will make you jump in terror and which ones will make your eyes bleed? We'll spill our guts on the good and bad in our conclusion to 31 Days of Horror! Sam's List: 17. Borgman (2013, Netherlands), 18. Idila aka Idyll aka Killbillies (2015, Slovenia), 19. Horsehead (2014, France), 20. The Wolf House (2018, Chile), 21. Treehouse (2014, US/UK), 22. Sensoria (2015, Sweden), 23. Jug Face (2013, US), 24. Let's Scare Julie (2019, US) , 25, Werewolf (2015, Poland, Netherlands, German), 26. The Doll (2017, Mongolia), 27. Alpha ( 2014, Greece), 28. Hell Night (1981, US), 29. The Tag-Along (2015, Taiwan), 30. Strangled (2016, Hungary), 31. Phantasm (1979, US) Trish's List: 17. Bad Candy (2020, US), 18. Zombie for Sale (2019, South Korea), 19. The Boat (2018, UK/Malta), 20. The Thing That Couldn't Die (1958, US), 21. Sky Sharks (2020, Germany), 22. Night Teeth (2021, US), 23. Escape Room: Tournament of Champions (2021, US), 24. Devil (2010, US), 25. Bingo Hell (2021, US), 26. Sacrifice (2020, UK), 27. Werewolves Within (2021, US), 28. Dark Woods (2003, Norway), 29. The Columnist (2021, Netherlands), 30. When the Darkness Comes (2014, Greenland), 31. Thirst (2019, Iceland) Jason's List: 17. Tremors: Shrieker Island (2020, US), 18. Lord of Tears (2013, UK), 19. Till Death (2021, US), 20. The Empty Man (2020, US/UK/South Africa), 21. Tigers Are Not Afraid (2017, Mexico), 22. The Manson Brothers Midnight Zombie Massacre (2021, US), 23. Anything For Jackson (2020, Canada), 24. The Conjuring: The Devil Made Me Do It (2021, US/UK), 25. Malignant (2021, US/China), 26. Werewolves Within (2021, US), 27. Bloody Hell (2020, Australia/US), 28. Spiral: From the Book of Saw (2021, US/Canada), 29. Don't Breathe 2 (2021, US/Serbia), 30. Candyman (2021,US/Canada/Australia), 31. Halloween Kills (2021, US/UK)

Got milk? When it comes to building strong bones, you shouldn't just stick to the dairy aisle—but many people are starting to skip it all together, with a demonic narrative evolving around milk in recent years. So which should we believe? To find out, Jen travels to the hills of Mongolia to learn all about lactase and breaks down the basics of what makes bones weak, and where to find the key ingredient to make them stronger (spoiler: it's not in your grocery cart). This is an episode of Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter, another podcast from the TED Audio Collective. For more episodes, find and follow Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter wherever you're listening to this. Read the full transcript for this episode at go.ted.com/BSTscript4

Having taken you, our dear listeners, through the Yuan, Chagatayid and Ilkhanates, we now turn our attention to the northwestern corner of the Mongol Empire: the Jochid ulus, the Golden Horde. Ruled by the line of Chinggis' eldest son Jochi, this single division of the Mongol Empire was larger than the maximum extent of most empires, dominating from the borders of Hungary and the Balkans, briefly taking the submission of Serbia, stretching ever eastwards over what is now Ukraine, Russia, through Kazakhstan before terminating at the Irtysh River. Under its hegemony were many distinct populations; the cities of the Rus' principalities, the fur trading centres of the Volga Bulghars along the Samara Bend, the mercantile outposts of the Crimean peninsula which gave the Jochid Khans access to the Mediterranean Sea, to the Khwarezm delta, giving them a position in the heart of the Central Asian trade. These distant frontiers, hundreds upon hundreds of kilometres apart, were connected by the western half of the great Eurasian steppe, the Qipchaq Desert as it was known to Islamic writers. Thus was the Golden Horde, and over the next few episodes we'll take you through its history, from its establishment under Batu, to the height of its glory under Özbeg, to its lengthy disintegration from the end of the fourteenth century onwards. This first episode will serve as an introduction to the history of the Golden Horde, beginning first with its very name and important historiographical matters, then taking you through its origins, up to the death of Berke and ascension of Möngke-Temür, the first ruler of the Golden Horde as an independent state.  I'm your host David, and this is Kings and Generals: Ages of Conquest.       As good a place to start as any is terminology, and the Golden Horde is known by a host of names. Firstly and most famously, we can note that the Golden Horde is a later appellation, given to the state centuries later in Rus' chronicles. In Russian this is Zolotaya Orda (Золотой Орды),  which in Mongolian and Turkish would be Altan Orda. The English word “horde” comes directly from Mongolian ordu, though also used in Turkic languages, and signifies, depending on the case, a command headquarters, the army, tent or palace- quite different from the image of uncontrolled rabble that usually comes to mind with the term. While commonly said that the Rus' chronicles took the term from the golden colour of the Khan's tents, we actually do see the term Golden Horde used among the Mongols before the emergence of the Golden Horde state. For the Mongols and Turks, all the cardinal directions have colour associated with them. Gold is the colour associated with the center; while the divisions of the army would be known by their direction and colour, the overall command or imperial government could be known as the center, the qol, or by its colour, altan. This is further augmented by the association of the colour gold with the Chinggisids themselves, as descent from Chinggis Khan was the altan urugh, the Golden Lineage; and the name of a well-known Mongolian folk band. For example, in 1246 when the Franciscan Friar John de Plano Carpini travelled to Mongolia as an envoy from the Pope, he visited a number of camps of the new Khan, Güyük. Each camp was named, and one of these was, as Carpini notes, called the Golden Horde. In this case, Carpini also describes Güyük's tent as being literally covered in gold, with even the nails holding the wooden beams being gold.       So Altan orda, or Golden Horde, may well have been in use within the Golden Horde khanate. However, the term is never used to refer to it in the thirteenth or fourteenth centuries. What we see instead is a collection of other terms. In the Ilkhanate, it was common to refer to the rulers as the Khans of Qipchap, and the state as the Desht-i-Qipchaq, the Qipchaq steppe or desert. Hence in modern writing you will sometimes see it as the Qipchap Khanate. But this seems unlikely to have been a term in use by the Jochid Khans, given that the Qipchaps were the Khan's subjects and seen as Mongol slaves; a rather strange thing for the Mongols to name themselves after them. Given that it was the pre-Mongol term for the region, and the Ilkhanid writers liked to denigrate the Jochid Khans whenever possible, it makes rather good sense that they would continue using it.       Many modern historians, and our series researcher, like to refer to it as the Jochid ulus, the patrimony of the house of Jochi, particularly before the actual independence of the Golden Horde following 1260. This term appears closer to what we see in Yuan and Mamluk sources, where the Golden Horde was usually called the ulus of Batu or Berke, or ulus of whoever was currently the reigning Khan. Either designating themselves by the current ruler, or by the more general ulug ulus, meaning “great state or patrimony,” with perhaps just the encampment of the Khan known as the altan ordu, the Golden Horde, among the Jochids themselves. Over the following episodes the term Jochid ulus will be used to refer to the state in general, and Golden Horde will be used specifically for the independent khanate which emerged after the Berke-Hülegü war in the 1260s.       There is another matter with terminology worth pointing out before we go further. The Jochid domains were split into two halves; west of the Ural river, ruled by the line of Batu, Jochi's second son. And east of the Ural River, ruled by the line of Orda, Jochi's first son. Now, Batu may have been the general head of the Jochids, or a first amongst equals, or Orda and Batu may have been given totally distinct domains. Perhaps the ulus of Orda simply became more autonomous over the thirteenth century. Opinions differ greatly, and unfortunately little information survives on the exact relationship, but the ulus of Orda was, by 1300, effectively independent and the Batuid Khans Toqta and Özbeg would, through military intervention, bring it under their influence. So essentially, there were two wings of the Jochids with a murky relationship, which is further obfuscated by inconsistent naming of them in the historical sources. Rus' and Timurid sources also refer to the White Horde and the Blue Horde. The Rus' sources follow Turko-Mongolian colour directions and have the White Horde, the lands ruled by the line of Batu, the more westerly, and Orda's ulus being the Blue Horde to the east.  Except in Timurid sources, this is reversed, with Batu's line ruling the Blue Horde, and Orda the White.        There has been no shortage of scholarly debate over this, and you will see the terms used differently among modern writers. This is not even getting into the matter if the Golden Horde was then itself another division within this, referring to territory belonging directly to the Khan within the Batuid Horde. For the sake of clarity, this podcast will work on the following assumptions, with recognition that other scholars interpretations may differ greatly: that following Jochi's death around 1227, the Jochid lines and lands were divided among Batu and Orda, with Batu acting as the head of the lineage. The western half of this division, under Batu, we will call the White Horde, and Orda's eastern division will be the Blue Horde. Together, these were the Jochid ulus, with the rest of their brothers given allotments within the larger domains. While Batu was the senior in the hierarchy, Orda was largely autonomous, which following the Berke-Hülegü war turned into the Blue Horde becoming effectively independent until the start of the fourteenth century, as apparently suggested by Rashid al-Din and Marco Polo,        One final note is that we have effectively no internal sources surviving from the Golden Horde. In the opinion of scholars like Charles Halperin, the Golden Horde simply had no chronicle tradition. Any records they maintained were likely lost in the upheavals of the late fourteenth century that culminated in the great invasion under Tamerlane in the 1390s, where effectively every major city in the steppe region of the Horde was destroyed.  The closest we come to Golden Horde point-of-view chronicles appear in the sixteenth century onwards, long after the dissolution of the Horde. The first and most notable was the mid-sixteenth century Qara Tawarikh of Ötemish Hajji, based in Khiva in the service of descendants of Jochi's son, Shiban. Sent to the lower Volga by his masters, there he collected oral folk tales which he compiled into his history. While often bearing intriguing and amusing tales, they reveal little in the way of the internal machinations of the Golden Horde. Luckily we are serviced from more contemporary sources, most notably Ilkhanid and Mamluk sources- once again our friend the Ilkhanid vizier Rashid al-Din is of utmost importance, who provides us an important outline of the Golden Horde's politics up to 1300. The Mamluks and Ilkhanid sources largely collected information from Jochid diplomats or refugees. Most of our understanding of Golden Horde political events, and the details of the following episodes, comes from these sources.   Post-Ilkhanid Timurid and Jalayirid authors help somewhat for the later fourteenth century, while the Rus' sources provide information on the Golden Horde almost exclusively in the context of its interactions with the principalities, similar to other European and Byzantine sources. A few details can be gleaned too from travellers like Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta, and even distant Yuan sources from China. Archaeology has provided some interesting details, particularly relating to trade and the extensive coinage circulation of the Jochids. Despite this, the Golden Horde remains, regardless of its fame, arguably one of the poorer understood of the Mongol Khanates.       So, with that bit of paperwork out of the way, let's get on with it! The kernel of the immense Golden Horde can be found in the first decades of the thirteenth century. In the first ten years of the Mongol Empire Jochi, Chinggis Khan's first son, was tasked with leading campaigns around Lake Baikal, as well as the first expeditions that brought their armies far to the west of Mongolia. While around Baikal he had been sent to subdue the local peoples, in 1216 Jochi and Sübe'edei pursued fleeing Merkits across Kazakhstan, to the region between the Aral Sea and the Caspian. Here, the Merkits had allied with Qangli-Qipchaps, beginning the long running Mongol animosity to the various Qipchap peoples. While Jochi was the victor here, he was forced into battle with the Khwarezm-Shah Muhammad on his return, as we have previously detailed. But the result seems to have been an association of these western steppes as Jochi's lands, in the eyes of the Mongol leadership.       Such an association was strengthened following the campaign against the Khwarezmian Empire. The Mongols saw conquering a region as making it part of the patrimony of a given prince, and such a belief fueled into the interactions between Jochi and his brothers, especially Chagatai. This was most apparent at the siege of the Khwarezmian capital of Gurganj, where Jochi sought to minimize destruction to the city- not out of humanity, but as it would be a jewel in his domains as one of the preeminent trade cities in Central Asia. Chagatai, in a long running competition with his brother, was not nearly so compassionate. The end result was Gurganj being almost totally annihilated, and Jochi and Chagatai's antagonism reaching the frustrated ears of their father. As you may recall, Jochi's mother Börte had been captured by Merkits before he was born, leaving an air of doubt around the true identity of his father. Chinggis, to his credit, always treated Jochi as fully legitimate, and indeed up until 1221, in the opinion of some scholars, appears to have been grooming him as his primary heir. However, the falling out between Jochi and Chagatai over the siege of Gurganj, and Chagatai's apparent refusal to accept Jochi as anything but a “Merkit bastard,” as attributed to him in the Secret History of the Mongols, left Chinggis with  the realization that should Jochi become Khan, it would only lead to war between the brothers. And hence, the decision to make Ögedai the designated heir.       It has often been speculated that Jochi's massive patrimony was essentially a means to keep him and Chagatai as far apart as possible,and appeasing Jochi once he was excluded from the throne.  Following the conquest of Khwarezm, Jochi seems to have taken well to the western steppe being his territory, the grasslands between the Ural and Irtysh Rivers. Juzjani, writing around 1260, writes of Jochi falling in love with these lands, believing them to be the finest in the world. Some later, pro-Toluid sources portray Jochi then spending the last years of his life doing nothing but hunting and drinking in these lands, but this seems to have been aimed at discrediting his fitness. Rather he likely spent this time consolidating and gradually pushing west his new realm, past the Aral Sea towards the Ural River, while his primary camp was along the Irtysh. Though effectively nothing is known of Jochi's administration, we can regard this period as the true founding of what became the Jochid ulus, and eventually the Golden Horde. Though he died between 1225 and 1227, either of illness, a hunting accident or poisoned by his father, Chinggis immediately confirmed upon Jochi's many offspring -at least 14 sons- their rights to their father's lands. And Chinggis, or perhaps Ögedai, made Jochi's second son Batu the head of the lineage. It was then that the division of the Jochid lands into two wings under Orda and Batu may have been first implemented.        By the start of Ögedai's reign, the western border of the Mongol Empire  extended past the Ural River, and Mongol armies were attacking the Volga Bulghars.  While we do not have much information on it, we may presume a level of involvement on the part of Batu and his brothers. Of course, in the second half of the 1230s Ögedai ordered the great invasion that overran the western steppe. Starting from the Ural River, within 5 years the Mongol Empire was extended some 3,000 kilometres westwards to the borders of Hungary. Whereas previously the urban area of the Jochid lands was restricted to the Khwarezm Delta and the scattered steppe settlements, now it included the cities of the Rus' principalities, Volga Bulghars, other Volga communities, and the Crimean peninsula. All in addition to the western half of the great Eurasian steppe, and the now subdued Cuman-Qipchaq peoples. By 1242, Batu was arguably the single most powerful individual in the Mongol Empire. Enjoying the rich grasslands along the Volga between the Black and Caspian Seas, Batu created a permanent capital, Sarai. Much like the imperial capital of Qaraqorum, Sarai served as a base to collect tribute, receive embassies, and house the administration and records, while Batu and the other Jochid princes continued to nomadize. The newly conquered territories were quickly incorporated in the Mongol tax system, and the Rus' principalities began to see Mongol basqaqs and darughachi come to collect the Khan's due.       But Batu was an ambitious man. There was clearly an understanding that the Jochids were granted the west of Asia as theirs, and he took this quite literally. As the Mongol Empire incorporated Iran, the Caucasus and Anatolia over the 1230s through 40s, Batu ensured that Jochid land rights were not just respected, but expanded. The administration in these regions was picked either from Batu's men, or from his consultation, such as Baiju Noyan, the commander of the Caucasian tamma forces and who brought the Rumi Seljuqs under Mongol rule.    In the turmoil following Ögedai's death, Batu extended his hold over western Asia. Naturally, this put him on a collision course with the Central Government. When Ögedai's widow, Törögene tried to hunt down her political rivals, such as the head of the Central Asia Secretariat Mas'ud Beg, Batu gave shelter to him. When her son Güyük took the throne, Batu did not attend his quriltai in person, putting off any meeting due to, Batu claimed, the severe gout he suffered from preventing his travel. Batu and Güyük had been rivals ever since the great western campaign, where Güyük had insulted Batu's leadership. Güyük hoped to put a cap on the decentralization of power which had occurred during the last years of his father's reign and during his mother's regency, and showed a willingness to execute imperial princes, such as the last of Chinggis Khan's surviving brothers, Temüge. When rumour came to Batu that Güyük was planning a massive new campaign to subdue the west, Batu must have suspected that Güyük planned on bringing him to heel too; either limiting his political freedom, or outright replacing him with Batu's older brother, Orda, with whom Güyük was on good terms with.    The news of Güyük's advance came from Sorqaqtani Beki, the widow of Tolui and sister of one of Jochi's most important wives. Sources like William of Rubruck have Batu preemptively poison Güyük in spring 1248, thus avoiding civil war. Batu and Sorqaqtani then promptly had many of Güyük's favourites executed and, in a quriltai in Batu's territory, had her son Möngke declared Khan of Khans in 1250, before an official ceremony in Mongolia the next year. The relationship was an effective one. In being key supporters for Möngke's otherwise illegal election, Jochid land rights were confirmed across the empire. Transoxania was cleared of Chagatayids and handed over the Jochids, Georgia confirmed for Batu's younger brother Berke, and travellers who passed through the empire in these years like William of Rubruck basically have the empire divided between Batu and Möngke. Most of western Asia, both north and south of the Caucasus, was overseen by Batu and his men. When Batu died around 1255, the Jochids enjoyed a preeminence second only to the Great Khan himself. The special place of the Jochid leader was recognized by numerous contemporary sources, and it is notable that while the rest of the empire was divided into the great branch secretariats, that the Jochid lands were not placed into one until late in Möngke's reign, and there is little indication it was ever properly established before Jochid independence.    However, despite even Möngke recognizing Batu's power, as a part of his wider centralizing efforts he reminded Batu of the leash on him. Batu's interactions with William of Rubruck indicate that Batu saw his power to conduct foreign diplomacy was limited; the Jochid lands were not exempted from Möngke's empire-wide censuses, and when Möngke demanded Batu provide troops for Hülegü's campaigns against the Nizari Ismailis and Baghdad, Batu duly complied. During Batu's lifetime it was the name of the Great Khan who continued to be minted on coinage in the Jochid lands, and Rus' princes still had to receive yarliqs, or confirmation, not from Batu but from Qaraqorum. And in 1257, Möngke ordered the Jochid lands to be incorporated into a new Secretariat, and thus bring them better under the control of the Central Government. There is no indication from the sources that Batu or his successors resisted Möngke in any capacity in these efforts   Following Batu's death, Möngke promptly ratified Batu's son Sartaq as his successor, but as Sartaq returned from Qaraqorum, he died under mysterious circumstances; in a few sources, the blame falls onto his uncles, Berke and Berkechir. Sartaq's son or brother Ilagchi was made Khan under the regency of Batu's widow Boraqchin Khatun, but soon both were dead. Though Ilagchi's cause of death is unmentioned, for Boraqchin the Mamluk sources note that Berke had her tried and executed for treason. Still, for Sartaq and Ilagchi the tendency for Mongol princes to die at inopportune times can't be forgotten, and Berke may have simply reacted to a favourable circumstance.  The fact that he stood with the most to gain from their deaths made him the likely scapegoat even to contemporary writers, even if he happened to actually be innocent of the matter. Much like how Batu may or may not have poisoned Güyük, the deaths are a little too convenient for the relevant Jochid princes to be easily dismissed.   Between 1257 and 1259, possibly waiting for Möngke to begin his Song campaign and be unable to interfere, Berke became the head of the Jochid ulus. As the aqa of the Jochids, that is, the senior member of the line of Jochi, he did this with the approval of his fellow Jochid princes and military leaders. But there is no indication that Berke ever received support from Qaraqorum for his enthronement. Given that Chinggis Khan had confirmed upon Batu the right to rule, the shift from brother-to-brother, though common in steppe successions, was still an extreme matter.   Part of the success of Berke's ascension may have been achieved through an agreement with Batu's family. According to the fourteenth century Mamluk author al-Mufaddal, the childless Berke designated Batu's grandson Möngke-Temür as his heir. Some historians like Roman Pochekaev have suggested that Berke's enthronement may have been leveraged as part of an agreement; that Berke, as the most senior member of the Jochids, could take the throne following the death of Ilagchi Khan. But, the prestige of Batu made his line the designated leaders of the White Horde. Without his own children, on Berke's death the throne would fall back to the line of Batu, under his grandson Möngke-Temür.  And so it would remain among Batu's descendants until the 1360s, almost 100 years after Berke's death.    As you likely know, Berke was the first Mongol prince known to convert to Islam. The exact time of his conversion varies in the sources, but a convincing argument has been put forward by professor István Vásáry. Essentially, that Berke, likely through a Muslim mid-wife that raised him (and not a Khwarezmian Princess, as sometimes suggested) was either in his youth a convert to Islam, or at least extremely influenced by it. By the time of the 1251 quriltai in Mongolia which confirmed Möngke as Great Khan, Berke is attested in independent sources writing at the same time to have sought to Islamize the event; getting the meat to be slaughtered for the feast to be halal, according to Juvaini, and trying to get Möngke to swear on the Quran, according to Juzjani. On his return from Mongolia, he was contacted by a Sufi shaykh in Bukhara, Sayf ad-Din Bakharzi, who is mentioned in a number of sources in connection with Berke's conversion. Having heard of a prominent Mongol prince's interest in Islam, the Shaykh invited Berke to Bukhara, and there gave him a formal education in the religion, leading to Berke to make a more official declaration of his faith likely around 1252. Berke's conversion was accompanied by the conversion of his wives, a number of other princes, members of his family and his generals, though all evidence suggests there was only limited spread of the faith among the rank and file Mongols at the time.    As Khan, Berke sought to ensure Jochid hegemony on frontier regions. His troops crushed a newly independent Ruthenian Kingdom in Galicia, and in 1259 his armies under Burundai Noyan led a devastating raid into Poland. Possibly in this time Bulgaria began paying tribute to the Jochids as well. Berke demanded the submission of the Hungarian King, Béla IV, and offered a marriage alliance between their families. As Hungary was spared any damage in Burundai's 1259 campaign, it has been suggested that Béla undertook a nominal submission to Berke, sending tribute and gifts in order to spare Hungary from another assault.    In Khwarezm and the Caucasus Berke continued to exercise influence. But tensions were fraying with his cousin Hülegü, who in 1258 sacked Baghdad and killed the ‘Abbasid Caliph. Obviously, as a Muslim Berke was not keen to learn of the Caliph's death. According to the contemporary author Juzjani, writing from distant Delhi, Berke had been in contact with the Caliph in the years preceding the siege. Much of Berke's anger though, as gleaned from his letters to the Mamluks and the writing of Rashid al-Din, was at Hülegü's failure to consult with Berke as the senior member of the family, and as the master of western Asia. Though Jochid troops partook in the siege, and we have no indication from the sources that Berke tried to prevent them taking part, it seems Hülegü did not reach out to Berke regarding the fate of Baghdad, or in the dispensation of loot.   Berke was greatly angered at this, and relations only worsened over the following years, once Hülegü killed the Jochid princes in his retinue on charges of sorcery; it just so happened that these same prince had previously annoyed Hülegü through attempting to enforce Jochid land rights over Iran and Iraq. The final straw came in early 1260 once Hülegü learned of Möngke's death. Hülegü by then had already set up in the pastures of Azerbaijan, land Berke considered his. As he learned of the fighting between his brothers Khubilai and Ariq Böke which broke out later that year, Hülegü decided to use the interregnum to seize the pastures of the Caucasus, as well as all of the land between the Amu Darya and Syria, for himself. Berke's officials in these lands were driven out or killed. With no Great Khan to intercede, Berke felt forced to resort to violence to avenge his fallen kinsmen and retake his lands; in 1262 he went to war with Hülegü, and so did the Mongol Empire in the west split asunder.   We've covered the Berke-Hülegü war in detail in a previous episode, so we don't need to repeat ourselves here. The end result was both Berke and Hülegü dead by 1266, and the frontier between them set along the Kura River, where Hülegü's son and successor Abaqa built a wall to keep out the Jochids- though the jury is out on whether he made them pay for it. The conflict set the border between the newly emerged Ilkhanate and the Jochid state for the next century, and the Jochids would not forget the sting of losing this territory to the Ilkhanids for that time either.    On Berke's death his coffin was carried back to Sarai.  Berke's reign, though much shorter than Batu's, had been a decisive one. For not only did it determine many aspects of the Golden Horde's diplomacy and character, notably antagonism to the Ilkhans, a predatory view to the Chagatayids who in the 1260s retook control of Transoxiana and killed Berke's officials, and a cool, distant view to Khubilai Khaan's legitimacy. He helped begin the alliance with the Mamluk Sultans, which never materialized into any actual military cooperation but uneased the Ilkhans and allowed the Mamluks to continue to purchase Qipchaq slaves from the steppe. This alliance too would survive essentially until the dissolution of the Golden Horde at the start of the fifteenth century.    But it also seeded the kernel for eventual islamization of the Khanate, a slow process which would only be fulfilled some sixty years later under Özbeg Khan. While their father was the true founder of the Jochid ulus in the 1200s, both Batu and Berke could argue for this title. Batu posthumously became the Sain Khan, the Good Khan, while to the Mamluks the Golden Horde rulers ascended to the throne of Berke. With his death, it seems at Sarai a quriltai was held to confirm the enthronement of his grand-nephew, Möngke-Temür, the first true independent ruler of what we can call the Golden Horde, and subject of our new episode, so be sure to subscribe to the Kings and Generals Podcast to follow. If you enjoyed this and would like to help us continue bringing you great content, consider supporting us on patreon a www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals, or giving us a like, comment and review on the podcast catcher of your choice, and share with your friends, it helps immensely. This episode was researched and written by our series historian, Jack Wilson. I'm your host David, and we'll catch you on the next one.   

This is Coronavirus 411, the latest COVID-19 info and new hotspots for November 17th, 2021. Why is Europe struggling so much? We may have at least a partial answer. A new variant has been detected in several countries there that has some mutations scientists haven't seen before. It's called B.1.X and it's been found in France, the UK, Switzerland, Scotland, and Italy. It's not known yet if the mutation means it's as or any more dangerous than Delta. Yesterday we told you that some states and cities are not waiting on the FDA or CDC and are administering boosters to all adults 18 and over. And here they are. Arkansas, West Virginia, New York City, Colorado, California, and New Mexico. So far, about 15% of those who are fully vaccinated have also gotten a booster shot. Things are not going well in Russia at all, but yesterday it announced it will resume allowing air travel to Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, Costa Rica, and Mongolia starting Dec. 1. Remaining restrictions will also be lifted on flights to Cuba, Mexico, and Qatar. In all, Russia's resumed flights with over 60 countries. Cases and deaths there are at record highs with a full vaccination rate at less than 40%. A second set of states has filed a federal lawsuit challenging the administration's vaccine mandate for health care workers in the US. This one is on behalf of 12 states, added to a previous suit involving 10 states. The new ones are Louisiana, Montana, Arizona, Alabama, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Utah, and West Virginia. If standing outside in the freezing cold for hours packed in with a throng of people is your thing, good news for you. Times Square will be open for celebrations this New Year's Eve, though only the vaccinated will be allowed access to the area. In 2021 there was a virtual ball-dropping celebration only. In the United States cases were up 18%, deaths are down 15%, and hospitalizations are down 4% over 14 days. The 7-day average of new cases has been trending up since November 3. The five states that had the most daily deaths per 100,000 are Wyoming, Montana, Kentucky, West Virginia, and Idaho. There are 9,235,181 active cases in the United States. The five states with the greatest increase in hospitalizations per capita: New Hampshire 32%, Minnesota and Michigan 31%, New Mexico 29%, and Rhode Island 28%. The top 10 counties with the highest number of recent cases per capita according to The New York Times: Scotts Bluff, NE. Nome Census Area, AK. Dodge, MN. Big Horn, MT. San Juan, NM. Bethel Census Area, AK. Scurry, TX. Wadena, MN. Goodhue, MN. And Grant, NM. There have been at least 765,762 deaths in the U.S. recorded as Covid-related. The top 3 vaccinating states by percentage of population that's been fully vaccinated: Vermont at 72.1%, Rhode Island unchanged at 71.7%, and Maine at 71.5%. The bottom 3 vaccinating states are West Virginia unchanged at 41.2%, Wyoming unchanged at 44.8%, and Alabama unchanged at 45.5%. The percentage of the U.S. that's been fully vaccinated is unchanged at 58.8%. Globally, cases were up 13% and deaths were down 3% over 14 days, with the 7-day average trending up since October 15. There are 19,364,712 active cases around the world. The five countries with the most new cases: The United States 87,133. Germany 39,985. The U.K. 37,243. Russia 36,818. And Turkey 25,101. There have been at least 5,114,140 deaths reported as Covid-related worldwide. For the latest updates, subscribe for free to Coronavirus 411 on your podcast app or ask your smart speaker to play the Coronavirus 411 podcast. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Bill Schindler is not your traditional anthropologist. Specializing in primitive technology and experimental archeology at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland where he is associate professor, he uses a teaching approach that he calls “soul authorship” to immerse students in experiences that teach them first-hand about primitive technologies and ways of life practiced by our prehistoric ancestors.   Time Stamps: 0:08:40 Podcast begins 0:33:40 Bill on "The great human race" TV show 0:11:20 Tools that were used by humans 2.5 million years ago 0:21:35 Hunting gave us access to blood, organs, and fat 0:22:30 Interpreting our evolutionary diet based on artifacts we find 0:29:35 Fire has been a part of our evolution for much longer than we originally thought 0:35:35 "Plants should scare the hell out of you" 0:41:20 Are some parts of plants more or less toxic than others? 0:45:45 What we need to know about fruit 0:49:40 Seeds and the way we encounter seeds in our diet today 1:02:00 The dangers of almonds 1:07:25 Hyperoxaluria and Genitourinary Disorders in Children Ingesting Almond Milk Products: https://www.jpeds.com/article/S0022-3476(15)00892-6/fulltext 1:09:10 Effect of cinnamon and turmeric on urinary oxalate excretion, plasma lipids, and plasma glucose in healthy subjects: https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/87/5/1262/4650348 1:10:35 "Green Smoothie Cleanse" Causing Acute Oxalate Nephropathy: https://www.ajkd.org/article/S0272-6386(17)30863-6/fulltext 1:11:40 The Mongolia treasured the blood, fat, and meat 1:19:40 Harvesting blood and milk with the Maasai 1:24:50 What about dairy for those who are lactose intolerant? 1:36:40 What about colostrum? 1:37:25 Has Bill ever found a treasure? 1:41:25 Where to find more of Bill Schindler   Sponsors:   Heart & Soil: www.heartandsoil.co  White Oak Pastures: www.Whiteoakpastures.com, use code: CarnivoreMD for 10% off your first order The Cold Plunge: TheColdPlunge.com, use code CarnivoreMD for $111 off your cold plunge BluBlox: Blublox.com, use code CarnivoreMD for 15% your order Joovv: www.joovv.com/paul and get an exclusive discount on the generation 3.0 devices

At the start of the twenty-first century, a study was released which brought the thirteenth century starkly into the present. A 2003 study led by Chris Tyler-Smith published in the American Journal of Human Genetics simply titled “The Genetic Legacy of the Mongols,” determined that an alarming number of men across Asia, from China to Uzbekistan, carried the same haplotype on their Y-chromosome, indicating a shared paternal lineage. 8% of the studied group, just over 2100 men from 16 distinct populations in Asia shared this haplotype, which if representative of the total world population, would have come out to about 16 million men. This was far beyond what was to be expected of standard genetic variation over such a vast area. The researchers traced the haplogroup to Mongolia, and with the BATWING program determined that the most recent common ancestor lived approximately 1,000 years ago, plus or minus 300 years in either direction. The study determined that this could only be the result of selective inheritance, and there was only man who fit the profile, who had the opportunity to spread his genes across so much of Asia and have them be continually selected for centuries to come; that was Chinggis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire. Identifying him with the Y-Chromosome haplogroup, the C3* Star Cluster, the image of Chinggis Khan as the ancestor of 0.5% of the world population has become irrevocably attached to his name, and a common addition in the comment sections on any Mongol related topic on the internet will be the fact that he is related to every 1 in 200 men in Asia today. Yet, recent studies have demonstrated that this may not be the case, and that Chinggis Khan's genetic legacy is not so simple as commonly portrayed. I'm your host David, and this is Kings and Generals: Ages of Conquest.       Inside each human being are the genes we inherit from our parents. Distinct alleles within the thousands of genes of our 23 chromosomes affect the makeup of our bodies, from our physical  appearances to blood type. Each allele is inherited from our parents, who inherited from their parents, and so on, leaving in each human being a small marker of every member of their ancestry. Due to interbreeding and mixing over time, people living in a certain region will share  alleles, given that various members of their community shared ancestors at some point. A collection of these alleles is a haplotype, and a group of similar haplotypes with shared ancestry is a haplogroup. Tracing specific haplogroups attached to the Y-Chromosome, for instance, allows us to trace paternal ancestry of selected persons. It was the haplogroup dubbed the C3*star cluster that the researchers identified as Chinggis Khan's haplotype, though later research has redefined it to the C2* star cluster. Thus, while you may see it somewhat interchangeably referred to as C3 or C2, depending on how recent the literature you're reading is. Whoever carried the markers on their chromosome associated with this haplogroup, according to the study, was therefore a descendant of Chinggis Khan. The lineage, it should be noted, does not start with Chinggis Khan; it is detectable in the ancestors of the Mongols dating back at least to the fifth century BCE, to the Donghu people in eastern Mongolia and Manchuria. It is found in high frequencies in populations which had close contact with Mongols from Siberia to Central Asia, as as the Buryats, Udeges, Evens, Evenks, Kazakhs, and in lower frequencies in places conquered by the Mongol Empire. As demonstrated by the 2003 study, a map of these haplogroups lines up rather neatly with a map of the Mongol Empire at the time of Chinggis Khan's death.        The 2003 study found that 8% of the men sampled had high frequencies of haplotypes from a set of closely related lineages, the C2*  star cluster. With the highest numbers of this cluster found in Mongolia, it was the logical origin point for this cluster. Its frequencies in so many populations of the former Mongol Empire seemed to suggest it spread with Mongol imperial expansion. The researchers therefore identified Chinggis Khan and his close male-relatives as the likely progenitors. While the public has understood this as Chinggis Khan and his family raping a massive percentage of the thirteenth century human population, this was not quite what the study implied. Rather, the selective marriage into the Chinggisid royal family, with each son having high numbers of children, and so on for generations due to prestige associated with the lineage, was the cause for the haplogroup's spread.        The study decided that, since the haplogroups showed up in high frequencies among the Hazara of Afghanistan and Pakistan, and as they were deemed to be direct descendants of Chinggis Khan, then this must have meant no one else other than the Great Khan himself was the most recent common ancestor for this haplogroup. The high frequencies across Asian populations, an origin point in Mongolia, an estimated common ancestor approximately a thousand years ago, and association with the supposed Chinggisid Hazaras was the extent of the evidence the study had to make Chinggis Khan the progenitor.       When released, this study made headlines around the world. You'll find no shortage of articles stating that “Genghis Khan was a prolific article,” with the underlying, thought generally unstated, assumption that these genes were spread by a hitherto unimaginable amount of rape, “backed up” by the medieval sources where Chinggis is described taking his pick of conquered women after the sack of a city. It's a useful addition to the catalogue of descriptions to present the Mongols as mindless barbarians, with this study being essentially the scientific data to back up this presentation.  It's now become one of the key aspects of Chinggis Khan's image in popular culture.       However, as more recent studies have demonstrated, there are a number of problems with this evidence presented in the 2003 study. Firstly, later researchers have pointed out how indirect the evidence is for the connection of Chinggis Khan to the C2 lineage. The estimates for the most recent common ancestor can vary widely depending on the methods used; while some estimates can place a figure within Chinggis Khan's epoch, other estimates put the most recent common ancestor for the C2* cluster over 2,000 year ago. Even going by the 2003 study, it still gives a 600 year window for the most recent common ancestor, who still could have lived centuries before or after Chinggis Khan.   One of the most serious assumptions in the study was that the Hazara of Afghanistan were direct descendants of Chinggis KhanThis is an assumption which rests more on misconception than medieval materials. In fact, the thirteenth and fourteenth century sources indicate that Chinggis Khan spent only a brief time in what is now Afghanistan, only from late 1221 and throughout much of 1222, which he largely spent campaigning, pursuing Jalal al-Din Mingburnu and putting down local revolts before withdrawing. There is no indication that a Mongol garrison was left in the region by Chinggis, and it is not until the 1230s that Mongol forces returned and properly incorporated the region into the empire. Still, it was not until the end of the thirteenth century were Chinggisid princes actually staying in the region, when Chagatayid princes like Du'a's son Qutlugh Khwaja took control over the Negudaris. The sources instead describe waves of Mongol garrisons into Afghanistan which began almost a decade after Chinggis Khan's death, from the initial tamma garrisons under Ögedai Khaan's orders to Jochid troops fleeing Hulegu to Afghanistan in the 1260s. Later, from the late fourteenth century onwards, Afghanistan was the heart of the Timurid realm, and while the Timurids shared some descent from Chinggis through marriage, it's not exactly the process which would have led to high percentages of Chinggisid ancestry.Together, this strongly suggests that the Hazara would not bear Chinggisid ancestry in any considerable quantity.   Perhaps most prominently, there is little evidence that connects the C2* star cluster to known descendants of Chinggis Khan. The fact that no tomb of Chinggis Khan or any other known members of his family has been found, means that there is no conclusive means to prove what haplogroups he possessed. Without human remains which undeniably belong to one of his close male relatives or himself, Chinggis Khan's own haplogroup can not ever be reliably identified. Most royal Chinggisid lineages in the western half of the empire, such as that of the Ilkhanate or Chagatais, disappeared long before the advance of genetic sciences. You might think that looking in Mongolia, you'd find a lot of Chinggisids running about, but this is not the case. Even during the empire, many members of the Chinggisid family were spread across Asia, leaving by the end of the fourteenth century largely lines only from his brothers, and of his grandsons Ariq Böke and Khubilai. In the fifteenth century, a massive massacre of the royal family was carried out by the leader of the Oirats and the true master of Mongolia, the non-Chinggisid Esen Taishi. Mongolia was reunified some fifty years later under the Khubilayid prince Dayan Khan, and it was the descendants of his sons who made up the Chinggisid nobility for the next centuries. Then, in the 1930s Soviet supported purges resulted in the near annihilation of the Chinggisid princes, Buddhist clergy and other political enemies. From 1937-1939, over 30,000 Mongolians were killed, and the Dayan Khanid nobility nearly extinguished.   While it is true that today in Mongolia, you can find many people who claim the imperial clan name of Borjigin, this is largely because after democratization in Mongolia in 1990, Mongolians were encouraged to take clan names- a fact that, as many commenters have pointed out, historically the Mongols did not do, unless they were actually members of the Chinggisid royal family. While the 1918 census in Mongolia recorded only 5.7% of the population as being Borjigid, during the recent registering of clan names some 50% chose, of course, the most famous and prestigious name for themselves. Therefore, it's rather difficult to find a lot of a Chinggisids today.   The 2003 study relied on a random selection of people from across Asia, rather than looking specifically for individuals who claimed Chinggisid descent. Other studies which have sought out people who claim Chinggisid ancestry do not support the C2* Star cluster hypothesis of the 2003 study. A 2012 study by Batbayar and Sabitov in the Russian Journal of Genetic Genealogy of Mongolian individuals who could trace their lineage back to Chinggis Khan's fifteenth century descendant, Dayan Khan, found none of them matched the Star cluster proposed by the 2003 study. To overcome the previously mentioned issues about finding Chinggisids, to quote Batbayar and Sabitov, “In this study, seven patrilineal descendants of [...] Dayan Khan and two of Chinggis Khan's brothers' descendants were chosen for Y-chromosome DNA sequencing. Rather than testing a multitude of subjects, for the sake of accuracy, the most legitimate and proven descendants of Dayan Khan were selected. The DNA donors were selected based upon their official Mongol and Manchu titles and ranks, which were precisely recorded in Mongolian, Manchu, and Soviet documents.” Essentially, as close as you can get to a definite, unbroken paternal line from Chinggis Khan, given the 800 years since his death. When they compared the Dayan Khanid descendants, the descendants of Chinggis' brothers, and those who could reliable claimed ancestry from Chinggis' son Jochi, Batbayar and Sabitov demonstrated that essentially each lineage bore different haplogroups, and none, except for a small branch of the Jochids, bore the C2* star cluster of the 2003 study.    Study of the bodies of medieval Mongol burials have likewise yielded contrasting results when their DNA has been examined.  One of the most notable burials which has been studied is the Tavan Tolgoi suit, from eastern Mongolia. Essentially it was a burial of an extremely wealthy family, dated to the mid-thirteenth century. Adorned with jewelry and buried in coffins made of Cinnamon, which would have had to be imported from southeastern Asia, the researcher suggested due to such obvious wealth and power that they must have been Chinggisid. Their bodies showed haplogroups associated, interestingly enough, with western Asia populations, with effectively no descendants in modern Mongolian populations, and most definitely, not the C2* star cluster. This led to the 2016 study by Gavaachimed Lkhagvasuren et al., titled “Molecular Genealogy of a Mongol Queen's Family and her Possible kinship with Genghis Khan,” to suggest Chinggis must have borne this haplogroup, and possibly, western Asian ancestry. He also pointed to supposed descriptions of Chinggis Khan having red hair as possible supporting literary evidence.    But this is not reliable evidence. Firstly, none of the graves conclusively can be identified as Chinggisid.  The Chinggisid's known preference for burials on Burkhan Khaldun seems unlikely to make the Tavan Tolgoi burials a close relation.  Further, the “red hair” description of Chinggis Khan comes from a mistranslation of a phrase from Rashid al-Din's Compendium of Chronicles, where Chinggis remarks that young Khubilai lacked his grandfather's ruddy features, indicating not red hair, but a face red in colour; hardly uncommon for a man who spent his lifetime in the harsh winds of the steppe. Therefore, the Tavan Tolgoi burials seem more likely to represent a family, possibly of Qipchaq origin, taken from western Asia, incorporated into the Mongol military and gaining wealth and power- hardly unusual in the Mongol army, but revealing nothing of Chinggis' haplogroups. Other wealthy burials of nobility from the Mongol Empire in Mongolia and northern China have revealed differing chromosomal haplogroups, providing no answer as of yet to the question of the Great Khan's own genetic lineage.   Much like the 2003's study erroneous identification of the Hazaras as direct descendants of Chinggis Khan, a more recent study demonstrates the pitfalls of attempting to connect historical figures to genetic data. A 2019 study by Shao-Qing Wen et al. in the  Journal of Human Genetics looked at the y-chromosomal profiles of a family from northwestern China's Gansu-Qinghai area, who traced their ancestry back to Kölgen, a son of Chinggis Khan with one of his lesser wives. Importantly, this family also backed up their claims in genealogical records, and had inhabited the same region for centuries. After the expulsion of the Mongols, they had been made local officials [tusi 土司] by the succeeding Ming and Qing dynasties. This family, the Lu, did not match the C2* Star Cluster, but actually showed close affinity to other known descendants of Chinggis Khan, the Töre clan in Kazakhstan. The Töre  trace their lineage to Jani Beg Khan (r.1473-1480), one of the founders of the Kazakh Khanate and a tenth generation descendant of Chinggis Khan's first born son Jochi. Jochi, as you may recall, was born after his mother Börte was taken captive by Chinggis Khan's enemies, and was accused, most notably by his brother Chagatai, of not being their father's son. Chinggis, for the record, always treated Jochi as fully legitimate. As the Lu family in China traced themselves to Kölgen, who shared only a father with Jochi, then the fact that the Lu and the Töre belong to the same C2 haplogroup, with a  genealogical separation of about 1,000 years, would suggest that if this is in fact the Y-chromosomal lineage of Chinggis Khan, then Jochi's uncertain paternity could be laid to rest, and that he was a true son of Chinggis Khan.   This theory is comfortable and convenient, but other scholars have noted that the connection of the Lu to Toghan, the descendant of Kölgen, is very tenuous. The sources connecting the Lu clan to Kölgen's family were not compiled until the late Qing Dynasty, some four to five centuries after Toghan's death. The sources more contemporary to Toghan's life do not match the description of his life described in the histories used by the Lu clan, leading scholars to argue that, while the Lu clan does have Mongolian origin, and likely did have an ancestor with the very common medieval Mongolian name of Toghan, it seems likely that at some point the Lu clan's family compilers decided to associate their own ancestor with the more well known Chinggisid of the same name, and therefore claim for themselves Chinggisid ancestry and prestige- hardly an unknown thing by compilers of Chinese family trees. Therefore, the matter of Jochi's paternity still remains uncertain.       Perhaps the final nail in the coffin comes in the 2018 study by  Lan Hai-Wei, et al. in the European Journal of Human Genetics. Compiling data from previous studies that found issue with the 2003 hypothesis, they looked at groups with high frequencies of the C2* Star clusters like the Hazara or the Daur, a Mongolic-speaking people from Northeastern China who, based off of historical records, make no claims of Chinggisid descent. Newer estimates also suggest the most recent common ancestor for this lineage was over 2,600 years ago. In the most recent hypothesis then, it seems more likely that the star cluster identified by the 2003 study does not represent the lineage of Chinggis Khan, but was simply an incredibly common paternal lineage among ordinary inhabitants of the Mongolian plateau. Its presence in other peoples across Asia was not evidence of selective breeding into the Golden Lineage, but simply the movement of Mongolian troops into a region, and intermixing with the local population. In the case of the Hazaras, this is the exact scenario demonstrated by the historical sources, with waves of Mongol troops rather than a host of Chinggisids descending into the Hazarajat. The possibility cannot be excluded however, that while C2* was a dominant haplotype in thirteenth century Mongolia, that before 1200 it had already been spread across Central Asia by earlier nomadic expansions of Mongolia-based empires like the Göktürk Khaghanates or the Uighur. The Mongol expansion in the thirteenth century, then, would only be another wave of the spread of C2* across Eurasia.       While it is possible that Chinggis Khan and his close male relatives did in fact, carry the C2* star cluster, there is no evidence which directly or conclusively connects him to it. His known descendants through the line of Dayan Khan are of a different Y-chromosomal haplogroup. The descendants of Dayan Khan, himself a descendant of Chinggis Khan's grandson Khubilai, and the Kazakh Töre, descendants of Chinggis Khan's son Jochi, bear haplotypes so distant that their most recent common ancestor is estimated to have lived 4,500 years ago, which does not fair well for the likelihood of Jochi being Chinggis' son. A third known and tested branch, of the Shibanids in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, does match the C2* star cluster, but has less than 1,000 known members and again, are descended from Chinggis Khan via Jochi. Chinggis Khan then cannot be said to be the ancestor of 0.5% of the world's population, since his y-chromosomal marking remains unknown. Any attempts at identifying it conclusively can never be more than mere assumptions without finding the bodies of either the Khan or any of his close-male relatives- a prospect highly unlikely, given the Chinggisids' preference for secret graves. Thus, it seems that his haplotypes are but one more secret that Chinggis will keep with him.       Our series on the Mongols will continue, so be sure to subscribe to the Kings and Generals podcast to follow. If you enjoyed this, and would like to help us keep bringing you great content, please consider supporting us on patreon at www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals, or sharing this with your friends. This episode was researched and written by our series historian, Jack Wilson. I'm your host David, and we'll catch you on the next one.  -SOURCES- Abilev, Serikabi, et al. “The Y-Chromosome C3* Star-Cluster Attributed to Genghis Khan's Descendants is Present at High Frequency in the Kerey Clan from Kazakhstan.” Human Biology 84 no. 1 (2012): 79-99.   Adnan, Atif, et al. “Genetic characterization of Y-chromosomal STRs in Hazara ethnic group of Pakistan and confirmation of DYS448 null allele.” International Journal of Legal Medicine 133 (2019): 789-793.   Callaway, Ewen. “Genghis Khan's Genetic Legacy Has Competition.” Scientific American. January 29th, 2015.   Derenko, M.V. “Distribution of the Male Lineages of Genghis Khan's Descendants in Northern Eurasian Populations.”  Russian Journal of Genetics 43 no. 3 (2007): 3334-337.   Dulik, Matthew C. “Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions.” 6 PLoS One no. 3 (2011)   Gavaachimed Lkhagvasuren et al. “Molecular Genealogy of a Mongol Queen's Family and her Possible kinship with Genghis Khan.” PLoS ONE 11 no. 9 (2016)   Kherlen Batbayar and Zhaxylyk M. Sabitov. “The Genetic Origins of the Turko-Mongols and Review of The Genetic Legacy of the Mongols. Part 1: The Y-chromosomal Lineages of Chinggis Khan.” The Russian Journal of Genetic Genealogy 4 no. 2 (2012):    Lan-Hai Wei, et al. “Whole-sequence analysis indicates that the  Y chromosome C2*-Star Cluster traces back to ordinary Mongols, rather than Genghis Khan.” European Journal of Human Genetics 26, (2018): 230-237.   Lan-Hai Wei et al.  “Genetic trail for the early migrations of Aisin Gioro, the imperial house of the Qing Dynasty.” Journal of Human Genetics 62 (2017): 407-411.   Shao-Qing Wen et al., “Molecular genealogy of Tusi Lu's family reveals their apternal relationship with Jochi, Genghis Khan's eldest son.” Journal of Human Genetics 64 (2019): 815-820.   Ye Zhang et al. “The Y-chromosome haplogroup C3*-F3918, likely attributed to the Mongol Empire, can be traced to a 2500-year-old nomadic group.” Journal of Human Genetics 63 (2018): 231-238.   Yi Liu. “A Commentary on molecular genealogy of Tusi Lu's family reveals their paternal relationship with Jochi, Genghis Khan's eldest son.” Journal of Human Genetics 66 no. 5 (2020): 549–550.    Zakharov, I.A. “A Search for a “Genghis Khan” Chromosome.” Russian Journal of Genetics 46 no. 9 (2010): 1130-1131.     Zerjal, Tatiana, et al. “The Genetic Legacy of the Mongols.” American Journal of Human Genetics 72 (2003): 717-721.  

What can I say that hasn't already been said?There's a temptation because it's the last show to try to share something that's the most valuable thing, that summarises the last 200 weeks of my life. Then perspective hits and I realise, that's nothing I can really say in “one final episode” to summarise two-hundred weeks of conversations, content creation, Monday deadlines, audio editing, posting on social media, laughs, workshops, travel, Covid, etc.  Some key things:Yes! I will be starting something new, I'm still working my way and deciding what that is. In the meantime, you'll hear some “From the vault” episodes every Monday (with new intros) The best way to keep in touch with what's next is to;Sign onto my email listHit Subscribe to this podcast in your favourite podcast app of choiceClick here for show notesEmail Leanne if you're curious about the Gold Coast retreat in Feb 2022 (leanne@leannehughes.com)Ending a podcast is very different to ending a job. You know when you leave a job, you get all these lovely messages/people who you least expected signing your farewell card?  The magic of hosting this show, is that as the show continued, every week I'd hear from someone who found an episode helpful, or they discovered the show at EXACTLY THE RIGHT TIME for them in their career.The show couldn't have got here without you. It's been a co-creation process this whole time. I'd like to thank the following people who submitted voice notes and emails for the final episode, in no particular order:Juan Daniel Sobrado, Beth Wonson, Tom Scantlebury, Prina Shah, Garbiel Furman, Jan Szmanda, Tim Ferguson, Tony Brazelton, Julia van Graas, Kevin Meenaghan, Sally Prosser, Paul McGregor, Sean Lavin, May Lee, Lauren Scholz, Ken Burgin, Joeri Schilders, Deanne Gagnon, Gordon Rhodes, Cathryn Lloyd and Thomas Fry.A reflection question that's fitting to ask you now is this: Is there anything you need to stop, in order to progress where you'd like to be?About your host: Leanne HughesLeanne Hughes is an international facilitator, speaker and coach who loves creating unpredictable workshop experiences, that predictably work. She combines her experience in Marketing, with her education in Human Resources and Psychology, to help leaders create engaging everyday experiences - that are so contagious they scale across teams, functions and regions.Leanne has facilitated leadership, onboarding and team-development workshops across Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, and Singapore and believes in a strengths-centred approach to learning and development.  She has over 14 years' of experience across a range of industries including mining, government and tourism sectors.She's the host of the First Time Facilitator podcast and is the Winner (External) in the 2021 Australian Learning Impact awards for Learning Professional of the Year.Social MediaSubscribe to Leanne's weekly newsletterConnect with Leanne Hughes on LinkedInFollow behind the scenes on Leanne Hughes' Instagram account Chat to Leanne Hughes in 280 character or less on TwitterSupport the show - buy Leanne a coffee!Support the show (https://buymeacoffee.com/leannehughes)

Central Asia is one of those regions that few international travers are familiar with, nowadays. That wasn't always the case, however, as the Silk Road was once a crossroads for the movement of people, goods, and ideas between Europe and Asia, and Central Asia was at the heart of this prosperous trade route. Geographically, Central Asia stretches east-west from the Caspian Sea to China and Mongolia, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. In between are “the ‘Stans”, including the former Soviet republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Today we have the benefit of an expert in the region, writer Bradley Mayhew, joining us to share a bit about everything we didn't know that we didn't even know, about one of the largest -- and least visited -- regions of Asia.

Speaker: Bill Bikales, Principal and Lead Economist, Kunlun Associates Bill is a Harvard-trained economist and Asia specialist and has worked at the most senior level of government in Mongolia on comprehensive fiscal reform and restructuring insolvent bank and power sectors, and at grass roots level in rural China on increasing poor women's uptake of maternal health services. This event is part of the Critical Issues Confronting China lecture series at the Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies, Harvard University.

Mongolia, a country of untapped mineral wealth, has become a target for the most advanced mining technology, but it does little for indigenous people. At erxes, they are working hard to prove that Mongolia can do better than trying to dig its way out. They believe in the untapped brilliant minds of young people who can start leading the way in the IT Industry on a global scale. It can be daunting to live in a world where everything is shifting, especially how we communicate. With apps like Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp, WeChat, and Instagram, consumers are communicating daily and on the go more than ever. This means that businesses need to keep up. But it doesn't have to be so hard. erxes Inc is the second generation of tech entrepreneurs in Mongolia. With over eight years of experience, they are proud to be a part of the pioneer movement to bring forth their country on the global stage. Nauren Batjargal, co-founder and COO of Erxes, shares the story behind the fully open-source growth marketing platform. We also discuss open-source vs. closed and proprietary.

Following the events at the Tumu Fort, Emperor Yingzong takes an unscheduled sabbatical in Mongolia, the Mongol warlord Esen Taishi attempts to return something lost for a price, Beijing battens down the hatches in preparation for Genghis Khan come anew, and brotherly love reaches its breaking point.Time Period Covered:1449-1457 CEMajor Historical Figures:Ming Dynasty:Zhu Qizhen (Emperor Yingzong) [r. Zhengtong Era: 1435-1449, Tianshun Era: 1457-1464]Zhu Qiyu (the Jingtai Emperor) [r. 1449-1457]Crown Prince Zhu Jianshen [b. 1447]Crown Prince Zhu Jianzhi [1448-1453]Minister Xu YuzhenXing An, Head Imperial EunuchYu Qian, Minister of War [1398-1457]Northern Yuan/Oirat Mongols:Esen Taishi [1407-1455, (r. as Khaghan of N. Yuan, 1453-1455)]Toghto Bukha (Taisun Khaghan) [r. 1433-1453]Xi Ning, turncoat eunuch [d. 1450] See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Journey with Grandma Kaariina as she takes us through a ritual of walking the Grief Wheel. Watch the full Episode:https://elenaharderr.com/membership-home/podcast-membership In the full Interview we talk about: An inquiry into sort of the ancestral roots of grief and trauma, Why our ancestors and parents haven't been able to do this healing work, The importance of us doing the work sit with our grief. The journey that Katrina has been on to get to where she is now A live demonstration of the shamanic ritual of walking the grief wheel Connect with Our Guest Expert Born in the heart of the Great Lakes, Anishinabe territory, Grandmother Kaariina rises from the Reindeer Clan of Northern Finland. She keeps the Golden Reindeer Moon Lodge and is a hereditary Woman Chief. Kaariina is a bloodline shaman with a lineage connection to Altai, Siberia, Mongolia, and Tibet. She is a carrier of the Obsidian Pipe from Danza de La Luna of Costa Rica. Grandmother Kaariina is the founder of the CoCreavatars International Network. She is one of many bundle keepers of the Universal Grandmother Blueprint around the world, dreaming a dream of world peace. You can contact this Grandmother of the Turquoise Heart at: Email: kaariinatruth@hotmail.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CoCreAvatars/ LinkedIN: https://ca.linkedin.com/in/kaariina-natalie-saarinen-m-ed-coun-26714549?trk=public_profile_samename-profile Join the upcoming Authentic Abundancia 21 Day Pilgrimage https://www.facebook.com/groups/306852853239836 About Elena Harder Elena Harder is on a mission to Nourish Mothers and create Bulletproof Moms. She started her awakening journey in 2010. Even with a challenging hospital birth, an abusive relationship, 7 years spent in crippling postpartum depression, self loathing and people pleasing. She never gave up hope on finding a way through. Her search for “mental health” led Elena to study Mindfulness, Spirituality, NLP, Theta Healing, Tantra, Optimal Nutrition, and Intermittent Fasting to find a way to finally recover her mind and joyful soul. Now she works with other mothers to help them master the tools and skills that really work to remove their negative self talk, eliminate stress, heal their hearts, remove anxiety, fear, depression and be empowered to find their own Joygasmic Life. Get the Free Joygasmic Birth eCourse at joygasm.me Website: ElenaHarderR.com Facebook: Facebook.com/Joygasm8 Instagram: https://instagram.com/JoygasmHarder Huge Thank you to SONNY for our Intro-Outro Song https://open.spotify.com/artist/7woO5xoM5KGReQEEqdexGj --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/joygasmic/message

Gail Hayssen hosts the Small Medium At Large podcast. She has worked as a successful subject in parapsychology experiments. She has also explored shamanistic cultures around the world. She is the recipient of an honorary doctoral degree from the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. Here she tells how she developed a close connection with shamans from … Continue reading "Shamanism in Mongolia with Gail Hayssen"

A conversation with Jako Lucas – international guide, trip host, accomplished filmmaker, social media powerhouse, and ambassador for some of the industry's strongest brands. Jako has spent close to 20 years fishing the world, producing well-known fishing films, and guiding in destinations that include Mongolia, Norway, the Seychelles, St. Brandon's, Russia, and (most recently) the Texas coast. Jako lists out his personal “top ten favorite fishing adventures and destinations,” and discusses lessons he's learned from his years of international travel, some of the biggest mistakes that anglers can make when traveling, and his philosophy on “going with the flow” and being flexible.- View all podcast episodes by going to the WAYPOINTS podcast page- Discover your next fly fishing adventure by going to the Yellow Dog website- Check out Jako's latest travels and video work at Capt. Jack Productions

Satyabrata Dam is a globetrotting thrill-seeker and a die-hard adrenalin junkie. At the age of 10 when he stepped on his first Himalayan Glacier and looked up awestruck at the peak, he was about to attempt, Satyabrata knew then that he was born to climb and the mountains of this world would become his home, friends, and family. Since then he has been climbing and exploring all the mountain ranges across the globe and beyond.Over the past 35 years, some of the things Satyabrata has done include:Climbed the highest peaks of all the 7 continents, including Mt Everest (seven summits)Skied to the North and South PolesClimbed the second highest peaks of 5 continents (I am one of the three people in the world to have done this)Climbed more than 350 peaks worldwideWalked the length of Africa from Tunisia to South AfricaTraversed the ancient Silk Route from Mongolia to IstanbulSkied across the Greenland ice capVisited 146 countries and climbed to the highest spot of nearly allFollowing his passion, Satyabrata became the only person in the world to have successfully led expeditions to the three poles (Mt Everest, North, and South Poles) and the first submariner in the world to do so as well. For 22 years he was a submariner in the Indian Navy and has now taken voluntary retirement to devote more time to his adventures. Find Satyabrata  at SatyabrataDam.com Check out his book Life on Top: Lessons from High Mountains on Amazon.Here are some of Satyabrata's Mom's cookbooks available on Barnes & Noble: Mom's Snacks Kitchen and Mom's Kitchen. 

It's hard to stay productive. There are times when you feel a little lost and low on energy. So, what should you do during those times?Listen to this podcast episode as Daisy Jing and Shane talk about the productivity hacks you need as an entrepreneur.You'll learn about:The power of prioritizing tasks.Basic lifestyle changes that can make you more productive.The art of delegating stuff and why it is important.The key factors you should consider while hiring people.Productivity tools that can help.On this episode, Daisy Jing also talks about fun stuff like where she would like to travel once the world is COVID-free, living with a local family in Mongolia, and more.Tune in to listen to Daisy and Shane talk about it all.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Watch the full Episode:https://elenaharderr.com/membership-home/podcast-membership In the full Interview we talk about: An inquiry into sort of the ancestral roots of grief and trauma, Why our ancestors and parents haven't been able to do this healing work, The importance of us doing the work sit with our grief. The journey that Katrina has been on to get to where she is now A live demonstration of the shamanic ritual of walking the grief wheel Connect with Our Guest Expert Born in the heart of the Great Lakes, Anishinabe territory, Grandmother Kaariina rises from the Reindeer Clan of Northern Finland. She keeps the Golden Reindeer Moon Lodge and is a hereditary Woman Chief. Kaariina is a bloodline shaman with a lineage connection to Altai, Siberia, Mongolia, and Tibet. She is a carrier of the Obsidian Pipe from Danza de La Luna of Costa Rica. Grandmother Kaariina is the founder of the CoCreavatars International Network. She is one of many bundle keepers of the Universal Grandmother Blueprint around the world, dreaming a dream of world peace. You can contact this Grandmother of the Turquoise Heart at: Email: kaariinatruth@hotmail.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CoCreAvatars/ LinkedIN: https://ca.linkedin.com/in/kaariina-natalie-saarinen-m-ed-coun-26714549?trk=public_profile_samename-profile Join the upcoming Authentic Abundancia 21 Day Pilgrimage https://www.facebook.com/groups/306852853239836 About Elena Harder Elena Harder is on a mission to Nourish Mothers and create Bulletproof Moms. She started her awakening journey in 2010. Even with a challenging hospital birth, an abusive relationship, 7 years spent in crippling postpartum depression, self loathing and people pleasing. She never gave up hope on finding a way through. Her search for “mental health” led Elena to study Mindfulness, Spirituality, NLP, Theta Healing, Tantra, Optimal Nutrition, and Intermittent Fasting to find a way to finally recover her mind and joyful soul. Now she works with other mothers to help them master the tools and skills that really work to remove their negative self talk, eliminate stress, heal their hearts, remove anxiety, fear, depression and be empowered to find their own Joygasmic Life. Get the Free Joygasmic Birth eCourse at joygasm.me Website: ElenaHarderR.com Facebook: Facebook.com/Joygasm8 Instagram: https://instagram.com/JoygasmHarder Huge Thank you to SONNY for our Intro-Outro Song https://open.spotify.com/artist/7woO5xoM5KGReQEEqdexGj --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/joygasmic/message

We're all familiar with the idea of ice ages during which the polar ice caps advance to cover significant portions of their respective hemispheres, and then, after a period of tens to hundreds of thousands of years, retreat back to the polar regions. But now we believe that twice during the Earth's history, the ice advanced all the way to the equator, almost completely blanketing the Earth with a sheet of ice several kilometers thick. This is the Snowball Earth hypothesis. In the podcast Paul Hoffman explains the mechanisms that could have brought about a snowball Earth, and describes the extensive evidence that has now been amassed in support of two such periods in the Neoproterozoic, about 720 and 650 million years ago. Paul Hoffman is Emeritus Professor of Geology at Harvard University. His research on the sedimentary rocks of Namibia, and that of his students in North America, Arctic Europe, and Mongolia, uncovered compelling evidence of glaciation near the equator about 650 million years ago in the Neoproterozoic. More than anyone else, he is responsible for synthesizing the evidence in the geological record to develop a persuasive case for a Snowball Earth. For illustrations that support this podcast and to learn more about Geology Bites, go to geologybites.com.

Lake Baikal is the oldest and deepest lake on planet Earth. Located in the Russia near the border of Mongolia it holds 1/5th of the entire planets freshwater and is home to 1500 species of animals... most of which are only located there. But the lake seems to be home to something else not of this Earth! On a routine research dive in 1982 a Russian Navy Squad were attacked by something they called the Lake Baikal Swimmers. These strange creatures dwelling deep below the surface are either some submerged creatures that have developed within the lake or ventured here from another planet! The lake itself has been a hotbed for Alien, UFO AND USO (Unidentified Submerged Objects) over the years leading to huge numbers of sightings in the area from many of the locals living around the lake. Today Hazz & Jordan are strapping on their diving masks and seeing what they can find deep below surface!     You can now get your Pokemon Cards direct from our website too! Use code pokemon10 for 10% off your order! Join Our Community Here We hope you enjoy this episode and if you have any feedback or comments please contact us on griefburrito@gmail.com Our Socials  Want up to 90% off all the latest games? Click here for huge video game discounts!

Korea24 – 2021.10.28. (Thursday) News Briefing: Starting next month, COVID-19 vaccine booster shots will be available for people in their 50s, those with underlying illnesses and recipients of the one-shot Johnson and Johnson vaccine. Meanwhile, the government has announced that it will create a committee tasked with extensively examining adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines. (Koo Hee-jin) In-Depth News Analysis (Korean Politics Digest): There was a surprise boost for People Power Party presidential hopeful Yoon Seok-youl this week, after lawmaker Ha Tae-keung joined his camp as co-chief of the election committee. Meanwhile, the re-emergence of former PPP interim leader, Kim Chong-in, the so-called ‘Kingmaker’ in Korean politics, has caused a stir in political circles. On the other side of the divide, the former Gyeonggi Province Governor, Lee Jae-myung, officially registered as the ruling Democratic Party’s presidential candidate this week. Affiliate Professor Kim Byung-joo from the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies provides his analysis on these developments, as well as his thoughts on former President Roh Tae-woo’s passing this week. Korea Trending with Jung Ye-won: 1. Two brothers, aged 16 and 18, have admitted to all charges, including the murder of their grandmother and the attempted murder of their grandfather, during their initial trial on Thursday. (잔소리하는 할머니 흉기 살해 10대 형제 "혐의 인정") 2. A professor at a local university was caught conducting an online lecture whilst taking a bath. (화상수업 중 물소리, 캠 켜지자… 욕조에 몸 담근 교수 등장했다) 3. The U.S. pharmaceutical company Merck has granted a royalty-free license for its promising COVID-19 treatment pill in an aim to give poorer countries access to the potentially life-saving drug. (머크 "'먹는 치료제' 다른 제약사 제조 허용") Explore Korea: Winter is coming… and that means in Korea that it’s time to make kimchi! This week Hannah from Moon Bear Travel joins us to tell us about kimjang, the UNESCO recognized intangible cultural heritage of making and sharing kimchi. She’ll also introduce us to the Gwangju World Kimchi Festival, which will be holding events both off- and online, as well as the Kimchikan Museum and Tongin Market. Morning Edition Preview with Mark Wilson-Choi: - Tomorrow’s Korea Times features a report by Jun Ji-hye about a recent survey that ranked Juju as the top destination for travellers with companion animals. - Tomorrow’s Korea Herald features a story by Kim Da-sol on South Korea’s Korea Forest Service(KFS) being involved in a major forestation project in Mongolia’s Gobi desert since 2007.

Deliberately erased from history, the story of the women of the Mongol Empire was one of tremendous achievement.  Genghis Khan encouraged equality of the genders and his daughters, granddaughters, daughters-in-law took advantage of that to great success.  Prof. Jack Weatherford is one of the foremost scholars of Mongol history and a New York Times Best Seller author.  He has recovered the stories of these powerful women and shares the tales of their amazing lives with Sean Marlon Newcombe and Dawn "Sam" Alden. 

Having grown up just outside of New York City, I visited most of the big tourist attractions like the Statue of Liberty, the Empire State Building, and Rockefeller Center when I was a kid. But when you spend a lot of time in a place and get to know it well, you start to discover some really cool but lesser-known areas, and those are the ones I always like to share with friends when they come from out of town. Recently, I played tour guide for my colleague Palle Bo, who's the host of The Radio Vagabond podcast and has been to nearly 100 countries. If you're a longtime listener of my show, you may remember his episode I shared a while back about the time he and his daughter joined a tour group in North Korea. Palle had been to New York several times before, so I figured I would get him out of Manhattan where most of the other tourists stay and bring him to see some interesting sites in the city's outer boroughs. He ended up making a podcast episode about our experience that I really enjoyed, so I'm re-sharing it in my feed. You can read more and see some photos from some of the places Palle and I visited on his website. If you're new to Far From Home and want to hear some of my past episodes that Palle mentioned, check out my first season where I told the story of my road trip to Mongolia including the time my friends and I were asked to pay a bribe in Tajikistan, my episode about the time I made a fool of myself trying to learn the ancient art of Tuvan throat singing, and the time I participated in a hallucinogenic healing ceremony in Peru. ————————- On Far From Home, award-winning public radio journalist Scott Gurian documents fascinating stories from far-flung places like Iran, Chernobyl, and Mongolia. For more info, visit farfromhomepodcast.org

In this episode of INFLUENCER MARKETING: LEVEL UP FOR SUCCESS in partnership with Tribe Dynamics, we speak to Juliana Krost and Charlotte Fleming who have the exciting job of managing all things marketing and social media at accessible luxury haircare brand Monday.MONDAY is all about salon-quality haircare at affordable prices.  The brand is a global success story and is available in Australia, New Zealand, Mongolia, UAE, Canada,  USA, UK and Ireland.The brand has garnered more than 25 of the world's biggest retailers including Walmart, Target, Amazon, Kroger, CVS, Ulta Beauty and our very own Tesco - Selling an average of 10,000 bottles a day – that's seven per minute. In NZ and AUS,  Monday outsold Pantene (NZ/AU biggest haircare brand) after just three months in the market.The brand has been key in helping legacy retail partners gain relevance with Gen Z and Millennial audiences and a lot of this is to do with its super smart social media strategy, which we discuss in this podcast, along with other great insights into driving success for a band on social media.We also have a vital guide to accompany this series, entitled How to Measure Influencer Marketing Success. You can download this guide here.

Do you know how becoming a Steward will impact your family life? This message was presented to Adventist church members in Mongolia, on October 25, 2021.

En mayo de 2018 Dani Benedicto sale a dar la vuelta al mundo sin coger aviones. Con apenas 25 años y con muchas ganas de aventuras, cruza Europa durante 3 meses haciendo autoestop y acampada libre, consiguiendo no pagar por dormir ni en transportes. En tren y a dedo sigue desde Moscú hasta Mongolia, que recorre a caballo junto a Sergi Unanue durante 3 semanas. Tras ello, sigue a dedo en solitario por China, uno de los países donde más disfrutó, cruzó a pie Laos, y recorrió haciendo autoestop Tailandia, Myanmar e India, donde sufrió el único contratiempo serio de su viaje. En Nepal vivió otra aventura increíble, cruzando el Gran Himalaya a pie, durante 99 días, una travesía dura y espectacular que nunca olvidará. En este podcast, centrado en el autoestop como forma de viaje principal, hablamos también de la acampada libre, de porqué viaja, de su filosofía viajera y también del regreso a casa por culpa de la pandemia, tras dos años de viaje. Más información y fotos en: https://bit.ly/danibenedicto Episodio patrocinado por Webempresa https://www.webempresa.com/ ¡25% de descuento con el cupón "ungranviaje"! Si sueñas con hacer un gran viaje como este te recomendamos: > Nuestro libro "Cómo preparar un gran viaje": https://www.ungranviaje.org/libro Si quieres conocer historias en primera persona de otros viajeros, este evento te gustará: > Jornadas de los grandes viajes: https://www.jornadasgrandesviajes.es ¿Te gusta este podcast? ¿Quieres agradecernos el trabajo que hacemos? APOYA ESTE PROGRAMA: conviértete en mecenas en iVoox o Patreon. Más info en: > https://www.ungranviaje.org/podcast-de-viajes/apoya-podcast-un-gran-viaje/

Preserved From the Beast (17) (Audio) David Eells - 10/24/21 Deb Horton just received by faith at random for the morning prayer meeting. Pro.25:4 (4-5) Take away the dross from the silver, And there cometh forth a vessel for the refiner: (5) Take away the wicked [from] before the king, And his throne shall be established in righteousness. (Deb said, "I have a note here from one of your teachings that says "Judas restraineth.”) (The text here in 2th 2:1-8 speaks of the falling away revealing the sons of perdition who restrain the coming of the Lord for His body "Until he be come out of the midst” in the numeric pattern. God is sanctifying a body of its Judas' to be prepared to receive Him. This is happening before the Tribulation for the Man-child and Bride and during the Tribulation for the Church. It is a confirmation for the revelation below. We pray that the faction will pay attention to God's intentions towards them unless they repent.)    Factious Dogs in the DS and Church Rounded Up and Euthanized Eve Brast - 10/12/21 (David's notes in red) I dreamed that I was in a huge warehouse that had many different sections and at least 3 levels. (As we will see, the Father not only stores up provision for His people in His warehouse but judgement is also stored up for the wicked. Rom.2:5 but after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest (or storeth) up for thyself wrath in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God. The ground level of this warehouse represents this earth and the earthly happenings. The second level represents the spirit realm where the directives are handed down from the Father and also from the intercessions of His saints to the angels who are the law enforcers and who carry out the directives of the Bride and the Man-child. Psalm 103:20-21 Bless Jehovah, ye his angels, That are mighty in strength, that fulfil his word, Hearkening unto the voice of his word. 21 Bless Jehovah, all ye his hosts, Ye ministers of his, that do his pleasure.) I was standing on the cement ground floor with a 7 ft. tall, very muscular policeman at my right side who was dressed in a navy blue policeman's uniform. He had a silver badge on the right side of his uniform pocket. Even though he was dressed as a 'beat cop', I knew in the dream that he was a police detective. (This police detective represents the angels that carry out and enforce God's directives according to His Word and His will.) On the ground floor of the warehouse was a veterinary medical bay in the back left corner with exam tables and I.V.'s set up along with I.V. catheters and syringes for lethal injections for euthanasia. In front of that was a large chain link fence containment or holding area. (This lethal injection could also be representative of the vaccines that are putting many of the DS minions to death through the side effects. We've heard that many arrests of DS individuals are taking place currently and that they are being questioned and held awaiting military tribunals and sentencing to be put to death. (Our parallel runs true because many of the factious in the church leadership are also being arrested for spiritual child trafficking and crimes against God's children.) The actively factious in the church will also be put to death through lethal injection, (and for many it will be the jab), because they are killing God's children.) I asked the police officer where we were; what I was seeing and what was going on? He began explaining everything to me. It was dark on the ground floor of the warehouse except in the veterinary bay which had some very limited lighting capabilities. (Could this take place on a grand scale during the 10 days of darkness when all the power is cut off and the EBS is enabled to expose all the DS evil crimes against humanity? On the political side they are rounding up these people and executing many. (But also God is using their own spike proteins to take down these people as He said.) As the police officer began explaining I had a vision of the second floor of the warehouse which was very well lit. There were many offices and cubicles with law enforcement support personnel talking on phones and typing on computers and doing all kinds of office work. It was busy and bustling. I asked the officer what all the bustle was about and he said, “A directive has been handed down from the top to round up all the dogs.” (These dogs represent the faction in the Babylonish DS and the religious faction that have conspired to crucify the righteous just as it was with Jesus.)   (Prophesying of David, Jesus, and the man-child's persecutions we are told in:) Psa. 22:12-22 Many bulls have compassed me; Strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round. 13 They gape upon me with their mouth, As a ravening and a roaring lion. ... 16 For dogs have compassed me: A company of evil-doers have inclosed me; They pierced my hands and my feet. 17 I may count all my bones; They look and stare upon me. ... 20 Deliver my soul from the sword, My darling from the power of the dog.) Then I saw the woman in charge of carrying out this directive. (The woman represents the Bride, who in Esther as a type, is given authority by the King, representing Father God, to put Haman and his sons to death as well as all of the other enemies who have lifted up their hands against her to kill her and her people.)  She had a lot of authority from the top and was in charge of the second floor and all the law enforcement personnel. She was a thin woman with very straight hair that was shoulder length and she was standing in the middle of it all dressed in a women's business suit with her arms folded. (This woman is thin because she has gotten rid of all her excess flesh. Her hair is straight representing submission to Jesus, the Word, which is the straight and narrow way.)  Occasionally, I saw her bring out her right arm and point off into the distance with her pointer finger and I would see many law enforcement personnel going around the city and rounding up large groups of all different sizes and breeds of dogs. They would put them in temporary holding areas until they could be transported to the warehouse. I was not able to see the third level of the warehouse. (The Bride is dressed in a business suit because she is about her Father's business just as Jesus was and commanding the angels as she sees and discerns the Father's will. Heb. 1:13-14 But of which of the angels hath he said at any time, Sit thou on my right hand, Till I make thine enemies the footstool of thy feet? 14 Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth to do service for the sake of them that shall inherit salvation?) (But the head of the Bride is the also the Man-child who is shown in all the scripture to take down the factious Edomites. A Christian brother had a dream where the Lord quoted the following text to speak of the David Man-childs in whom Jesus lives.  Isa 11:1-5  And there shall come forth a shoot out of the stock of Jesse, and a branch out of his roots shall bear fruit.  2  And the Spirit of Jehovah shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of Jehovah.  3  And his delight shall be in the fear of Jehovah; and he shall not judge after the sight of his eyes, neither decide after the hearing of his ears;  4  but with righteousness shall he judge the poor, and decide with equity for the meek of the earth; and he shall smite the earth with the rod of his mouth; and with the breath of his lips shall he slay the wicked.  5  And righteousness shall be the girdle of his waist, and faithfulness the girdle of his loins.) Suddenly, I felt a dark presence behind me and I turned around to see a large black dog the size of a Great Dane. (This great dog is a factious person we know and also is the same factious man in the warehouse dream below.) Its ears were clipped like a Doberman Pincher. I asked the police officer what it was doing? He said, “Some of them are turning themselves in because there is nowhere left to go and no other choice.” (They are coming under the authority of these angels because of their great sins. They have "no other choice".)  It came into the warehouse through a large open bay door and was turning itself in to the authorities because the round up campaign was so wide and far reaching that there was nowhere else for it to go. None of the dogs realized that a death sentence was decreed for them and some were turning themselves in in hopes of leniency. (Hopefully, some may repent and be saved right before they die.) When I turned back around I saw many kinds of dogs in the fenced holding area in front of the veterinary bay and then my vision became telescopic and I zoomed in on a Chinese Shih Tzu dog that was being held down on one of the exam tables and they were injecting it with a lethal injection. It was panicked and flailing; yelping in fear. Then I woke up. (According to Wikipedia: "Shih Tzu's are highly independent dogs. Due to their independent nature, they are not considered the most obedient breed. (Due to their self will and rebellion they will lose their lives.) The Chinese have described their head shapes as "owl head" and "lion head", and their mouth as "frog mouth”. The name comes from the Chinese language word for "lion" because this kind of dog was bred to resemble the lion.” (Satan is described as a roaring lion and lions are described as predators in the Bible and Howard Pitman saw a vision of demonic frog spirits coming out of people who were in lust and fornication, just like these people.) I asked Father for a word for this dream by faith at random and my finger landed on the phrase, “the king's business” in Est. 9:3. (I laughed when I saw where my finger landed because of the woman dressed in the "business suit" in this dream. God has such a sense of humor!) Est. 9:3 (In context 1-5) Now in the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the same, when the king's commandment and his decree drew near to be put in execution, on the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped to have rule over them, (whereas it was turned to the contrary, that the Jews had rule over them that hated them,) 2 the Jews gathered themselves together in their cities throughout all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, to lay hand on such as sought their hurt: and no man could withstand them; for the fear of them was fallen upon all the peoples. 3 And all the princes of the provinces, and the satraps, and the governors, and they that did the king's business, helped the Jews; because the fear of Mordecai (Meaning little man or Man-child) was fallen upon them. 4 For Mordecai was great in the king's house, and his fame went forth throughout all the provinces; for the man Mordecai waxed greater and greater. 5 And the Jews smote all their enemies with the stroke of the sword, and with slaughter and destruction, and did what they would unto them that hated them. This dream reminds me of a past dream that I had about the Apostates being rounded up and put to death in another warehouse.   Apostates Killed by the Plague Eve Brast - 12/14/17 (Davids notes in red) I dreamed that I was again in the operating room and an apostate factious man (Who was also in the dream above symbolized by the Great Dane.) was in front of me holding the unsterile D&C curette with which, in the previous dream, he was attempting to kill or abort Christ in me typed as a baby in my womb. (Spiritually this is what the factious do to their victims with slander and witchcraft demons.)  But this time the surroundings of the operating room morphed into a large gray metal warehouse. The man's face changed to bewilderment as he realized that he was surrounded by people packed, shoulder to shoulder, inside this warehouse with him. (A warehouse is a place where things are stored for later use. God declares that the factious, who are judgmental and do what they falsely accuse other of, store up as in a warehouse for themselves wrath from Him. Romans 2:1-8 Wherefore thou art without excuse, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest: for wherein thou judges another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest dost practise the same things. 2 And we know that the judgment of God is according to truth against them that practise such things. 3 And reckonest thou this, O man, who judgest them that practise such things, and doest the same, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God? 4 Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering, not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance? 5 but after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest (or storeth) up for thyself wrath in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God; 6 who will render to every man according to his works: 7 to them that by patience in well-doing seek for glory and honor and incorruption, eternal life: 8 but unto them that are factious, and obey not the truth, but obey unrighteousness, shall be wrath and indignation, Suddenly, I was caught up in the Spirit to the ceiling of the warehouse. (As a type of ascending into heavenly places in Christ above all the wickedness, where all needs are supplied by abiding in Christ. Eph.1: 3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ.)  The factious apostate man began to look all around in a panic because I had vanished before his eyes. (Notice that Eve, possibly a type of the Bride of the Last Adam, Jesus, was hidden just like in Pam's revelation in part 1 where the Lord said, Tell my people to hide themselves even as you are now hiding. It is disease I am sending. Only you who truly believe in My Saving Power will be safe from this pestilence, for it does not originate from this earth. Many people now drawing breath will be dead in a few short months. (We spoke in the last broadcast about the alien technology and creatures in the so called va/cci/nes.) As I looked down in the Spirit, I was aware that all the people in the warehouse were apostates and had been gathered there for judgement. (An apostate is some one who has fallen away from the covenant as it was given. Men have added to and taken from the eternal covenant and taught others to do so. These are under the curse of the plagues in Rev.22:18  I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, if any man shall add unto them, God shall add unto him the plagues which are written in this book: 19 and if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part from the tree of life, and out of the holy city, which are written in this book. Those who have eaten the whole Passover Lamb, which represents having our minds renewed with the true original Word and believe in the blood of the covenant that Jesus shed to save and heal us from the curse on sinners, will escape the plagues. Galatians 3:13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us; for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree [a cross]: Exo.12: 3 Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to their fathers houses, a lamb for a household. 6 and ye shall keep it until the fourteenth day of the same month; and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it at even. 7 And they shall take of the blood, and put it on the two side-posts and on the lintel, upon the houses wherein they shall eat it. [i.e. They shall walk under the blood of the sacrifice by faith] 8 And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; with bitter herbs they shall eat it. 9 Eat not of it raw, nor boiled at all with water, but roast with fire; its head [the mind of Christ] with its legs [the walk of Christ] and with the inwards [the heart of Christ] thereof. 10 And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; but that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire. [meaning it will be wasted for the destroyer is on his way] 11 And thus shall ye eat it: with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand [ready to leave Egypt]; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is Jehovah's passover. 12 For I will go through the land of Egypt in that night, and will smite all the first-born in the land of Egypt [The first born is the fleshly man. Many of the lost and unbelieving Christians shall die too.], both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments: I am Jehovah.  13 And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and there shall no plague be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt. ... 23 For Jehovah will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side-posts, Jehovah will pass over the door, and will not suffer the destroyer to come in unto your houses to smite you. Many consider themselves to be under the blood falsely. Heb 10:26-27  For if we sin wilfully after that we have received the knowledge of the truth, there remaineth no more a sacrifice for sins,  27  but a certain fearful expectation of judgment, and a fierceness of fire which shall devour the adversaries. All at once, I saw hundreds maybe even a thousand small, transparent, (or unseen) coral snakes that were red, black, and yellow. (The coral snake has been known as the deadliest snake in North America. It paralyzes your nervous system with lungs and other organs shutting down in as little as a couple of hours. They have enough venom to kill 5 people but their delivery system is not good. Small fangs which they use to chew on a person until they get enough venom into them. (This Represents an injection of a euthanizing agent.) They were falling like light snow would (Like a plague or pestilence sprayed from the sky) and descending upon the wicked people to bite them and take their lives. (Numbers 21:6: And Jehovah sent fiery serpents (Called the fiery flying serpent in Isa.30:6) among the people, and they bit the people; and much people of Israel died.)  The people began to scream and cry out when they realized what was happening. (If the transparent coral venom were spread from the sky, or spiritually from heaven, like the spike protein chemtrails, which can penetrate the skin, it would be an extremely deadly delivery system, possibly like what  A.A. Allen saw, to major population centers. Now this coral venom sounds like the plague in Pam's revelation where there was no antidote. The Lord said to Pam in part 1, No one will have the remedy. I will laugh at the mighty men as they run futilely for their holes. Tell the internet readers to forget their word searches, etc…There is NO REMEDY but ME and ONLY ME. I believe this means that no remedy can be counted on to save from this but Gods. He is in control over who lives and who dies and no vaccine can circumvent or stop him. The condition for immunity to plagues is stated in Exo.15: 26 and he said, If thou wilt diligently hearken to the voice of Jehovah thy God, and wilt do that which is right in his eyes, and wilt give ear to his commandments, and keep all his statutes, I will put none of the diseases upon thee, which I have put upon the Egyptians: for I am Jehovah that healeth thee. Deu 32:39: See now that I, even I, am he, And there is no god with me: I kill, and I make alive; I wound, and I heal; And there is none that can deliver out of my hand.) Like the coral venim, C/19 and its spike protein variants are a lung disease that cuts off breath. So now we have the coral venom and the plague coming from the sky or from heaven. Add to this the fact that the chemtrails are a practiced delivery system that brings lung disease all over the nation. The hospitals are full of people with pneumonia type symptoms that they are now labeling C/19.) Again, In the spirit, I saw what looked like snow flakes beginning to fall through the ceiling of the warehouse. Then the snakes appeared and fell on the people with the "snow". (The "poison with snow" could represent the pestilence that comes from the sky by the hand of God in chemtrails for judgment in the winter time.) (Sounds like it) Maybe the people were repenting when they were crying out as the snakes landed on them. (Some will repent but most won't.) See the revelations about the evil snow. We saw snow here that was made up of tiny capsule looking things that were not flakes and fire did not melt them.) Then I woke up and I asked Father for a word concerning this continuation dream and received by faith at random: Jer.9:23 (in context 21-26), and my finger was on "let not the wise man glory in his wisdom” 21 For death is come up into our windows, it is entered into our palaces; to cut off the children from without, and the young men from the streets. 22 Speak, Thus saith Jehovah, The dead bodies of men shall fall as dung upon the open field, and as the handful after the harvestman; and none shall gather them. 23 Thus saith Jehovah, Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, neither let the mighty man glory in his might, let not the rich man glory in his riches; ...  25 Behold, the days come, saith Jehovah, that I will punish all them that are circumcised in their uncircumcision: (He will punish the apostates who sow flesh) 26 Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that have the corners of their hair cut off, that dwell in the wilderness; for all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in heart.   His Angels Shall Gather Out of His Kingdom All That Cause Stumbling Joshua - 10/13/21 (David's notes in red) Joshua said, "About 2 or 3 months ago, I had a bizarre dream. I can't forget it and it keeps coming to mind." I dreamed that I was in a small, dark, derelict classroom in the Far East. It was very dimly lit by indirect light coming from weak light bulbs or candlelight. (Derelict means: delinquent, slack, irresponsible, lax, undependable, unreliable, etc… This classroom represents the Genghis Khan Spirit Deception in the DS church and government which we will discuss in the following revelations.) In the room were two Asian children about 10 years of age or so. (According to bible study.org The number 10 signifies testimony, law, responsibility and the completeness of order.)  I (Joshua, meaning: "Yahweh is salvation”) was in the room as a teacher. (The Man-child will teach many the truth and the good news of the gospel during the first 3 1/2 years of the tribulation). In my hands was the album from the satanic, hard rock, band Black Sabbath. It was their first album also titled "Black Sabbath". (Note: I have NEVER listened to that album and have never been a fan of Black Sabbath at all.) (This represents a very dark, evil entity. It probably by its name represents those in darkness under the law. As we will see this black sabbath represents those ruled by principalities and powers in heaven and on earth.) I and the Asian children were looking at it and I was identifying it as Satanic. (The Man-child will teach God's elect the difference between good and evil; between what is leavened and worldly and what is unleavened and heavenly. I think this dream is about to happen. The Satanists of the DS elite and faction in the Church have killed multitudes with their evil. The DS are invading the southern border with enemies right now and shooting has begun.) Suddenly, there was a very loud roar of a rushing wind; the sound was distorting my hearing, but, strangely, nothing was being blown; but the shaking was distinct and could be felt. In the dream I understood that “This is God's judgement falling”. (This could represent the end-time revival that is going to fall upon God's people as well as a storm of judgment that is falling upon the DS in the Church and state.) Then the album instantly disappeared from my hands and I was left there standing with the children and we were trying to remember what we were doing, like when you walk into a room for a purpose and then forget what you went in there for. (With the spiritual warfare backing by people of faith, the Alliance is doing a masterful job of removing many and prosecuting them in military tribunals. What we are hearing: The militaries of the Alliance are continuing the job of draining this swamp. They have been practicing and will agree to make a fake WWlll as an excuse to come together. However they will go after the remaining DS governments and people but the job is huge and without God cannot be done. The Man-child is coming to fight the Edomite factions and drive them out as David did in scripture.) There was absolutely no trace or memory of the album. It was like the evil had been supernaturally removed without the slightest disturbance or speck left over. Then I woke up. (They will suddenly be like a distant memory; gone away without a trace. PTL !!  God has promised to utterly destroy the DS in the Church and government.) I thought of verses like Proverbs 2:21, For the upright will live in the land, and the blameless will remain in it; 22 but the wicked will be cut off from the land, and the unfaithful will be torn from it. And Mat 13:41  The Son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdom all things that cause stumbling, and them that do iniquity, etc. If God's judgement falls soon and in this way, I will be thankful if the evil and the minions of evil are removed.   Genghis Khan Spirit Deception in the Church (1) Eve Brast - 12/25/2011 (David's notes in red) In a dream I saw many people being deceived by a much more powerful and deceptive evil principality called a Genghis Khan spirit. It will be worse than the false revival Kundalini eastern spirit. (Genghis Khan was the Mongol who led legions of demon-possessed men to conquer most of Eurasia by the edge of the sword, massacring whole populations, about 40 million people. The factious in Church and state are eugenicists just like this. Genghis is still worshipped by many in Mongolia, so he could represent here a religious spirit. No doubt this is a spirit that will bring spiritual death, conquering multitudes of Christians, like the Kundalini spirit's false revival. This new factious spirit conquers people by the sword or WORDS, written or spoken, which makes it much more dangerous than the Kundalini spirit, which was mostly imparted by laying on of hands. These words are in the form of unforgiveness, bitterness, back-stabbing, criticism, slander, gossip, railing, lying, perversion, witchcraft, voodoo, etc.) I was shaking my head in disappointment as I watched the people act like they were in love with this spirit; it was like a worldwide orgy. (The true people of God who stay with the truth of His Word won't be overtaken, even with this deception.) This is all I was shown. (We have been shown many times that this is a worldwide attack on the saints by apostates. The corporate beast spirit from the abyss is coming forth to enter the sons of perdition [Judases] and use them to conquer and make war on the true Christians. {Rev.17:8} The beast that thou sawest was, and is not; and is about to come up out of the abyss, and to go into perdition. And they that dwell on the earth shall wonder, [they] whose name hath not been written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, when they behold the beast, how that he was, and is not, and shall come. As the Word says, a great falling away to strong delusion is upon us. I asked the Father what this Genghis Khan Spirit was or what it represented and when I opened my Bible my finger was on: (1Jn. 2:22) Who is the liar but who denieth that Jesus is the Christ? This is the antichrist, even who denieth the Father and the Son. (Antichrist spirits always deny the true Jesus and Word. The rest of this text tells the whole story. {2:18} Little children, it is the last hour: and as ye heard that antichrist cometh, even now have there arisen many antichrists; whereby we know that it is the last hour. {19} They went out from us, but they were not of us; for if they had been of us, they would have continued with us: but [they went out], that they might be made manifest that they all are not of us. [Notice that many antichrists in this "last hour" will separate from us because they do not belong with the true Church due to their corrupt leavened nature. In this they deny the Father and Son (verse 22) because they deny the true Word given from the beginning in order to abide in Christ, which is eternal life.] {24} As for you, let that abide in you which ye heard from the beginning. If that which ye heard from the beginning abide in you, ye also shall abide in the Son, and in the Father. {25} And this is the promise which he promised us, [even] the life eternal. {26} These things have I written unto you concerning them that would lead you astray.   Genghis Khan Spirit Deception in the Government (2) Eve Brast - 12/29/11 (David's notes in red) In the dream above, I saw many Christians being deceived by a very powerful and deceptive evil principality called a Genghis Khan spirit. I had seen that this spirit is manifesting in the factious who kill by the sword of slander and now below I am seeing it also is taking over a beast government. (There has always been a beast government to back up the factious, religious government. Jesus' time was a good example of this.)  I had seen a cleansing of the true church by this spirit rising up in apostates to separate them from the Man-child and Bride, but also now, in the revelation below, I see a global shift and transfer of secular governmental power in the spirit realm to this Genghis Khan spirit. As I was laying down to sleep, I asked the Father to show me more about the Genghis Khan spirit in a dream or vision. As I was laying in bed, praying in the Spirit, He gave me this vision on 12/29/11: I was high above Earth, looking down from a southern viewpoint toward the North at the Asian continent where Russia and China are. It was dark upon the earth. Suddenly, I saw something dark rising up from beneath the Asian continent, from the center where Mongolia is located (where Genghis Khan came from). The Spirit told me that Mongolia is the opening to the womb between the two legs of Russia and China and this spirit is rising up in and coming forth from them. Its back rose out first, hunched like a mountain; then its head and shoulders came out bowed down toward the east; then its arms and finally its legs. It stayed kneeling down on one knee toward the east, bracing itself with its arms and hands -- one on Russia and the other on China (similar to the stance runners have at the start of a race). (This Genghis Khan spirit is a spiritual type of a conquering Beast spirit ruling in the world and in the Church faction.) It had a human form with sharp nails on its fingers, pointed ears and a bald head. Heaven gave it permission to raise its head and take its first breath and as it opened its mouth and drew in a large breath, some more stars were sucked into its mouth from the night sky, along with the breath it inhaled. (The Dragon Beast drew a third of the stars represents by the seed of Abraham to the earth. The precursor Mark in the va/cci/nes is doing this to by changing DNA.)  I could see very sharp top and bottom canine teeth. (Just as the secular beast has physical power to devour the saints, so does the religious beast have spiritual power to devour the saints. (Psa.37:12) The wicked plotteth against the just, And gnasheth upon him with his teeth. (57:4) My soul is among lions; I lie among them that are set on fire, Even the sons of men, whose teeth are spears and arrows, And their tongue a sharp sword.) This spirit was very black with many stars in it. (Abraham's seed are "as the stars of heaven” and they are falling by the work of this spirit. This changing of the DNA is to humble people to the DS.)  It looked like the mirror image of the night sky inside it. It didn't stand up, but if it had, the earth under its feet would have looked like a large beach ball. It was gigantic. (Genghis Khan is a world-conquering spirit of the beast in the secular realm, just as it is in the religious realm. Genghis was a merciless murderer of men like faction and slander is a murderer of souls.) I later asked the Father for a verse for this vision of the Genghis Khan spirit and my finger fell on: (Eze. 21:24) Therefore thus saith the Lord: Because ye have made your iniquity to be remembered, in that your transgressions are uncovered, so that in all your doings your sins do appear; because that ye are come to remembrance, ye shall be taken with the hand (There is no covering for Unforgiveness, bitterness, hatred and retaliation, which is the nature of those who have this spirit and God does not forgive or forget their sins for this reason. In verses 11 and 12 of this text, God says the sword "is upon all the princes of Israel", meaning the apostate leadership of God's people.), (25) And thou, O deadly wounded wicked one, the prince of Israel, whose day is come, in the time of the iniquity of the end, (26) thus saith the Lord: remove the mitre, and take off the crown; this shall be no more the same; exalt that which is low, and abase that which is high. (This is clear that this spirit is in an apostate leadership of God's people in the end and they will be spiritually wounded and lose their crown being removed from their high position over any true people of God.)  When I read the last part of this scripture, the Spirit brought to my remembrance what Mary, who brought forth the Man-child, said: (Luk.1:51) He hath showed strength with his arm; He hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their heart. (52) He hath put down princes from their thrones, And hath exalted them of low degree. (Again, this was spoken of the removal of the apostates over the true people of God by the coming of the Man-child ministry, as the next part of the vision shows.) Right after this, I saw the upper half of a giant woman in the heavens with long blonde hair and very fair skin cradling a newborn with golden hair in her right arm. (The worldwide woman and true Church having brought forth the Man-child ministry.) Light from heaven was shining down upon them. (I only saw her profile and the top of the newborn's head.) She was also facing east (toward the coming of the Son), looking down at her baby, her white garment lowered off her right shoulder in preparation to nurse Him. And a clear vial filled with golden oil appeared without hands and poured oil onto the infant's mouth and onto the woman's right breast. Then she brought the baby to her breast to nurse Him. (This Man-child will partake of the oil and gold of heaven -- the anointing and nature of Jesus.) I asked the Father for a verse concerning the vision of the woman and my finger fell on : (Psa.128:3) Thy wife shall be as a fruitful vine, In the innermost parts of thy house; Thy children like olive plants, round about thy table. This whole Psalm is awesome! (God will prosper the woman Church to bear fruit in the wilderness, in spite of the dragon of Genghis Khan trying to destroy her and her Man-child. Escaping this evil is for them a Passover of the Destroyer before leaving Egypt for the wilderness. It is the Man-child escaping the dragon which is trying to devour them.) These two events seem again to be happening almost simultaneously or very close together but they are both under the Father's sovereign control! Claire also had a recent dream about the “Mongolian Beast kingdom” Here is a portion of it:   The ‘Mongolian' Beast Kingdom Claire Pienaar - 6/1/21 (David's notes in red) I dreamed of Mongolia all night. The word was said over and over in my mind. (I believe this represents the Genghis Khan Spirit referenced in the dreams above.) In the dream I was traveling there. (She was going into a revelation of the governmental form of this Beast.) I was talking to British generals. They were dressed in black and red military uniforms and explaining to me why they had named it Mongolia. (Black and red are the colors of anarchy and also the Dragon Beast.) Then I was talking to a blonde woman who had adopted boys from Mongolia and wanted to place them in the right grade. (This could represent the bride in Eve's revelation above who not only gives birth to the Man-child company but also nourishes God's elect who come out of this Beast system.)   Then I was talking with Riaan about how to get there and we decided motorbikes would be best. Then I woke up. (Motorbikes have 2 wheels and require balance and forward movement in order to ride them. They also represent having an eye that is single and full of light representing sanctification. This is the best way to have God's provision and protection against this Beast.) (It is interesting that Genghis Khan established the Mongol Empire in 1206, which became the largest entirely connected (contiguous) empire in history. It occupied approximately 22% of all land on Earth. It might well be a type and shadow of the world-wide beast kingdom that we're currently in.)   White Washed Sepulchers Full of Dead Men's Bones Marilyn Klinke - 10/12/21 (David's notes in red) I believe the Man-child is going to overrule the DS politicians and turn this thing in our favor soon. We have been casting down the DS attempts to delay this thing. The DS politicians are in white because they want us to believe they are our benefactors but they are demon possessed and antichrist. I dreamed I was in a place like a state or federal capital building. I saw a few politicians that I recognized, mainly from the Bush family. (The Bush family were all Republicans. This could represent the “Right Wing" Republican Party politicians.) (The politicians were also dressed mostly in white. (Representing, "white washed sepulchers full of dead men's bones”; hypocrites, Matt 23:27-28 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which outwardly appear beautiful, but inwardly are full of dead men's bones, and of all uncleanness. 28 Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but inwardly ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.) (As I have shared, the DS Babylonish Beast is being conquered by Cyrus who represented the Medio-Persian Beast. We are merely moving from one Beast to another. We are in agreement with Cyrus/Trump in that he is conquering the previous Beast, who is intent on killing God's people.  Trump is using their ill-gotten gains to build the kingdom. The time will come that we will be separated from the new age people on the right who are representing this beast and tolerate us for their purpose of bringing in their “1000 years of peace”.  The book of Revelation which they discount is coming instead for "There is no peace, saith Jehovah, to the wicked" Isa 48:22.  They will be alienated from us for our strictly Christian stance.  Act 4:12  And in none other is there salvation: for neither is there any other name under heaven, that is given among men, wherein we must be saved. Their pre-cursor of the mark is turning hearts to the Beast and against us by changing their DNA. Mat 24:9  Then shall they deliver you up unto tribulation, and shall kill you: and ye shall be hated of all the nations for my name's sake.  I saw Jesus, dressed in white, sitting in a chair and watching what was going on. The politicians were completely oblivious to the presence of Jesus. (The politicians right and left overwhelmingly do not serve the one true God and this is why they are oblivious to His Presence. Jesus is always watching. He and the Father are in complete control of all vessels of honor and dishonor. Father uses them all for His purposes and His ends. Isa. 45:6-7 ...I am Jehovah, and there is none else. 7 I form the light, and create darkness; I make peace, and create evil. I am Jehovah, that doeth all these things.) Jesus then handed me a clipboard with a printed page of writing. I don't remember what was written, but I know that there were 3 paragraphs and the first 3 words of each paragraph were in bold type. I knew that the bold type words were the names of 3 men and what followed each of their names, was an account of their individual lives and why Jesus had chosen them to be on this list. I think the 3 men listed on the page were there, but sitting, very quiet and humble. (These 3 men represent the completeness of the Man-child reformers whom Jesus is anointing to do His work. The White Hat Alliance leaders and politicians will ultimately fail in their goals because they do not pray to, nor worship, the one true God and are not on His side. According to bible study.org: The number 3 is used 467 times in the Bible. It pictures completeness, though to a lesser degree than 7. The meaning of this number derives from the fact that it is the first of four spiritually perfect numerals (the others being 7, 10 and 12). The 3 righteous patriarchs before the flood were Abel, Enoch and Noah. After the deluge there was the righteous "fathers" Abraham, Isaac and Jacob (later renamed Israel). These men were being anointed by Jesus to do His work. Jesus then told me to read what was written on the page. I was told to read aloud, but the politicians were not listening at all. Then I woke up. (The “white washed” politicians are not listening to the one true God and His Son Jesus. This is why their plans will fail. In Eve's dream of the Trump/David Parallel  it was the Man-child David's that showed up for the press conference and ordered the mass arrest of the criminals in the DS church and state. Everyone was expecting Trump to make his acceptance speech at the podium but he never showed up. We believed that this was going to be in reference to the 2020 election that ended up being stolen by the Democrats. I believe this was for the purpose of showing the world the evil of Communism.  The Man-child will be the one to conquer the Edomite factions of Church and state and bring all the glory to God and His Kingdom. Isa 40:10  Behold, the Lord Jehovah will come as a mighty one, and his arm will rule for him: Behold, his reward is with him, and his recompense before him.)  I received by faith at random for this dream, Job 20:19-20. 19 Because he hath oppressed and forsaken the poor; because he hath violently taken away a house which he builded not. 20 Surely he shall not feel quietness in his belly, he shall not save of that which he desired. (The whole chapter speaks of judgement on the wicked.) I know Father sees everything. It is such a comfort to believe that nothing is hidden from Him, even though the wicked are oblivious and their evil plans mock God. He hears the prayers of His people and is sending His anointed ones in the Man-child ministry. I pray and believe everyday for this. If it's not today, then we are one day closer to the fulfillment.    Slander Adversaries Against UBM Deb Horton - 10/12/21 (David's notes in red)   I had a dream this morning that shows the attack of the slanderers against the David's and UBM.     In a dream I was shown an intersection of John Dodd Road. (This intersection is where I was previously shown the broken traffic light. (A broken traffic light represents the breakdown in the laws that offer people direction and guidance. Our governmental authorities have descended into lawlessness just like the factious in the Church do when they reject God's commands in His Word.) I drive past this intersection on John Dodd Rd. multiple times on a daily basis. John" means "the Lord has been gracious," (He has certainly been patient with the factious.) But, according to Dictionary.com Dodd has multiple meanings, which are, "to praise or celebrate, to gather together, to seize by or as if by authority..." (This sure sounds like the factious.) Wikipedia says, “The surname Dodd may also be derived from the Old English word "dydrian," which means deceiver or rascal, or from the word "dod," which means to make bare or to cut off.”) (I believe this “John Dodd intersection represents a fork in the road we travel in life. We can choose the way of grace and repentance and obedience to the Word of God or we can choose our own self-willed ways and be cut off; like the branches that didn't abide in the vine who is Jesus.) The street to my left was Avanti St. (Representing the way of the goats. Jesus put the goats on His left.) ("Avanti" is Italian for "come on, forward, onward, in front," but it's just a short dead-end street that takes you around to the Amazon Warehouse Distribution Center. "Amazons" were "a race of female warriors of Greek mythology.” Is a woman going to lead this factious attack? Or does this refer to the Jezebel spirit behind the attacks? A Jezebel spirit can be quite seductive.)   The street to my right was Derrick Rd. ("Derrick" actually has a Hebrew counterpart. It's the Strong's H1870 meaning: "road, distance, journey, manner," but it is translated 382 times as "way." UBM is guiding people to walk in the Way. The meaning of Derrick is "power of the tribe, ruler of the people”. (Representing the Man-child ministries.)  A "derrick" is "a hoisting apparatus employing a tackle rigged at the end of a beam." UBM is trying to lift people out of the dirt by feeding them the unleavened bread of the pure Word of God which will wash us whiter than snow.)  I knew, in the dream, the time of day was immediately after sunset when it's getting dark but you can still see a few details, and I was looking at the corner of John Dodd and Derrick. (Spiritually speaking, it is getting very dark with all the deceptions flying around in order to try to deceive even the elect of God. But they won't succeed because the elect love the truth and are enlightened by the wisdom of God's Holy Spirit that lives in us and guides us into all truth with His discernment.) In real life, there is a row of large trees running down John Dodd and then one large tree just past the corner turning right onto Derrick. But in the dream, there was a small group of trees of various sizes filling in the corner. (Representing UBM local; trees represent ‘men'.)  I saw that there were piles of fresh dirt heaped up in the spaces between the trees. (The word dirt is slang for "scandalous, malicious, or incriminating gossip and slander”)  I don't remember if the dirt stopped just before the trees or if any of the trees were touched by the dirt, and I wondered why anyone would do that because if too much dirt is piled up around a tree, then it girdles the tree, which causes the protective bark to rot and the tree dies. Then I woke up. (The factious leaders and their followers have tried for many years to heap up dirt around UBM and kill the ministry and individuals with their lies and slander, but the Lord has said they will not succeed because this is His ministry and He desires “David's house" for His dwelling place. Eve said concerning a previous revelation, "I asked Father concerning some of David's questions. One was about David's house.” And Father said, (Speaking to David) “Do not be anxious or troubled concerning the house. I have desired it for My dwelling place…   I asked the Father to give me another word by faith at random concerning the house and my finger was on Psa. 68:16, Why look ye askance, ye high mountains, At the mountain which God hath desired for his abode? Yea, Jehovah will dwell in it for ever.) In this case the house of David is the Man-child's house meaning his heritage and offspring.)  The verse that I received by faith at random this morning after this dream was, Jer. 51:51  We are confounded, because we have heard reproach; confusion hath covered our faces: for strangers are come into the sanctuaries of Jehovah's house. This is like Eve's dream of the Factious dog's judgement and their shame and executions. Like Edom's blood staining the Lords garment when he slaughtered them. I asked the lord a few years ago if he would hit them before they hit us and got a YES. Here is what came to me:  Mic 4:9-13  Now why dost thou cry out aloud? Is there no king in thee, is thy counsellor perished, that pangs have taken hold of thee as of a woman in travail?  10  Be in pain, and labor to bring forth, O daughter of Zion, like a woman in travail;(MAN-CHILD COMES) for now shalt thou go forth out of the city, and shalt dwell in the field, and shalt come even unto Babylon: there shalt thou be rescued; there will Jehovah redeem thee from the hand of thine enemies.  11  And now many nations are assembled against thee, that say, Let her be defiled, and let our eye see our desire upon Zion.  12  But they know not the thoughts of Jehovah, neither understand they his counsel; for he hath gathered them as the sheaves to the threshing-floor.  13  Arise and thresh, O daughter of Zion; for I will make thy horn iron, and I will make thy hoofs brass; and thou shalt beat in pieces many peoples: and I will devote their gain unto Jehovah, and their substance unto the Lord of the whole earth.   Select LanguageAfrikaansAlbanianAmharicArabicArmenianAzerbaijaniBasqueBelarusianBengaliBosnianBulgarianCatalanCebuanoChichewaChinese (Simplified)Chinese (Traditional)CorsicanCroatianCzechDanishDutchEsperantoEstonianFilipinoFinnishFrenchFrisianGalicianGeorgianGermanGreekGujaratiHaitian CreoleHausaHawaiianHebrewHindiHmongHungarianIcelandicIgboIndonesianIrishItalianJapaneseJavaneseKannadaKazakhKhmerKinyarwandaKoreanKurdish (Kurmanji)KyrgyzLaoLatinLatvianLithuanianLuxembourgishMacedonianMalagasyMalayMalayalamMalteseMaoriMarathiMongolianMyanmar (Burmese)NepaliNorwegianOdia (Oriya)PashtoPersianPolishPortuguesePunjabiRomanianRussianSamoanScots GaelicSerbianSesothoShonaSindhiSinhalaSlovakSlovenianSomaliSpanishSundaneseSwahiliSwedishTajikTamilTatarTeluguThaiTurkishTurkmenUkrainianUrduUyghurUzbekVietnameseWelshXhosaYiddishYorubaZulu Powered by Translate Printer-friendly version

Zol Jargal joins the podcast from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Rich and Zol talk about Mongolian history, unique culture of nomadic people, and what life is like in the country. Zol is a tour guide and shares her her life experience. You can follow her on Instagram @zol_adventures

Something is wrong in Gobi desert of Mongolia.  For hundreds of years, the nomadic locals have told stories of entire herds of livestock dropping dead without explanation.  The elders refuse to cross the sands in fear of having their lives stripped away from them without a moment's notice.Whatever lurks just beneath the surface of the desert sands has been killing for thousands of years...  And it isn't a question of if we will find evidence of the elusive Olgoi-Khorkhoi, but when.

Roman invades Mongolia, becomes a legally reincarnated god, murders thousands. Support the show: https://www.patreon.com/lionsledbydonkeys

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken it’s toll on every family, from frustration with being stuck at home, to job loss, to loneliness and social deprivation. But for many families, those three factors have been the perfect combination to provide an environment ripe for trauma. For children, we see that trauma has an impact on the development of the brain that effects learning, relationships, and emotional regulation. This seminar will give you a greater understanding of the developmental impact of trauma and tools to help children and adults grow in resilience rather than destruction through hard circumstances.

We're talking about resistance.   My guest is communication international facilitator, advisor and coach Leanne Hughes and she told me that while we often trying to overcome resistance, she believes it can be a good thing. Today I give her a call to talk all about it. Leanne Hughes loves creating unpredictable workshop experiences, that predictably work. She combines her experience in Marketing, with her education in Human Resources and Psychology, to help leaders create engaging everyday experiences - that are so contagious they scale across teams, functions and regions. Leanne has facilitated leadership, onboarding and team-development workshops across Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, and Singapore and believes in a strengths-centred approach to learning and development. She has over 14 years' of experience across a range of industries including mining, government and tourism sectors. She's the host of the First Time Facilitator podcast where she helps trainers and facilitators, book out five workshops for every workshop they deliver. Connect with Leanne Listen to the First Time Facilitator podcast: https://www.firsttimefacilitator.com Check out Leanne's services over at: https://www.leannehughes.com Join The Flipchart community on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/firsttimefacilitator Subscribe to Leanne's bi-weekly(ish) newsletter: https://leannehughes.com/subscribe Connect with Leanne Hughes on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/leannehughes/ Follow behind the scenes on Leanne Hughes' Instagram account: https://instagram.com/leannehughes Chat to Leanne Hughes in 280 character or less on Twitter: https://twitter.com/leannehughes Connect With Shane Connect with Shane on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/in/shanemhatton/ or visit www.shanemhatton.com to learn more about his work.

    The Mongols were famous for their ultimatums of destruction and submission. No shortage of thirteenth century states received demands for their unconditional surrender to the Great Khan granted divine mandate to rule by Eternal Blue Heaven. Initially, the Mongol imperial ideology was extremely black and white: you could submit to Mongol rule, or face total annihilation. There was no room for other relationships, for the Great Khan had no allies, only subjects. But as the thirteenth century went on and the dream of Chinggisid world hegemony slipped away as the divisions of the Mongol Empire went their separate ways, the Mongol Khans in the west began to seek not the capitulation, but the cooperation of western Europe to aid in their wars against Mamluks. For the Ilkhanate's sixty-year struggle against the Mamluk Sultanate, the Il-Khans sought to bring the Popes and Monarchs of Europe to a new crusade to assist in the defeat of the Mamluks, an ultimately fruitless endeavour, and the topic of today's episode. I'm your host David, and this is Kings and Generals: Ages of Conquest.       The first Mongol messages to the Kings of Europe came in the late 1230s and 40s, accompanying Batu and Sube'edei's western invasion, asking the Hungarians how they possibly could hope to flee the grasp of the Mongols. We know the Mongols sent a number of envoys to European monarchs and dukes, and employed a variety of peoples in this enterprise, including at least one Englishman. Over the 1240s and 50s, European envoys like John de Plano Carpini or William of Rubrucks to the Mongol Empire returned from Karakorum with orders for the Kings and Popes to come to Mongolia and submit in person.While Rus' and Armenian lords and kings did do so, there is little indication that European rulers even responded to these demands. For the Mongols, who seemed poised to dominate everything under the Eternal Blue Sky, there was little reason to adopt more conciliatory language. From their point of view, the Europeans were only stalling the inevitable: soon Mongol hoofbeats would certainly be heard in Paris and Rome. The Mongols treated the European states as their diplomatic inferiors, subjects basically in a state of rebellion by fact that they had not already submitted. Cruel, threatening and demanding letters were the norm, and it's safe to say any future efforts at alliance were greatly hampered by this opening salvo. The rare diplomatic exception was an embassy sent to King Louis IX of France during his stay in Cyprus in 1248 just before the 7th Crusade. There, messengers came from the Mongol commander in the west, Eljigidei, an ally to the reigning Great Khan, Guyuk. Headed by two Christians in Eljigidei's service, the embassy bore letters from Eljigidei. These letters called Louis ‘son,' and had no demand of submission, but mentioned Mongol favouritism to Christians, urged the French King not to discriminate between Latin and non-Latin Christians as all were equal under Mongol law, and wished him well in his crusade. The two Christian representatives of Eljigidei asserted that he was a Christian and that Guyuk himself had already been baptised. The urged Louis to attack Egypt, and prevent its Ayyubid prince from sending forces to aid the Caliph in Baghdad, who the Mongols were soon to attack.     Louis, is should be noted, almost certainly had not been anticipating any cooperation from the Mongols; he had  been well aware of their attacks on Hungary only a few years before, learned of Mongol demands and treatment of foreign powers from travellers like Carpini, and apparently received Mongol ultimatums for his submission in 1247. Further, a devout Christian, it is unlikely he would have gone looking for allies among “pagans,” even for fighting against Muslims. Still, he reacted well to Eljigidei's messengers and sent a return embassy with gifts with them back to Eljigidei which were to be sent on to Guyuk, while the initial letter was forwarded back to France and ultimately to King Henry III of England. Ultimately, it was for naught. Guyuk was dead even before Louis received Eljigidei's letter, and  Eljigidei himself was soon put to death in the following political turmoil. Little is known of the embassy Louis sent back with Eljigdei's representatives, but from the little heard of it through William of Rubruck a few years later, it seems to have achieved nothing beyond meeting Guyuk's widow and the regent, Oghul Qaimish, who portrayed Louis' gifts as tokens of the French King's submission.  Following the meeting on Cypress, Louis IX suffered a humiliating defeat in Egypt at Mansura, captured and was ransomed by the newly emerging Mamluks. By the time he returned to France and received Oghul Qaimish's reply, not only was she dead, but the responding letter was essentially another demand for his surrender. This first non-threatening Mongol embassy succeeded only in making the King of France feel like he had been tricked, especially since the new Great Khan, Mongke, sent a letter back with William of  Rubruck that disavowed Eljigidei's embassy. It has been speculated that Eljigidei was using the embassy to spy on Louis, as he was wary of the sudden arrival of Louis' army in Cyprus, and a desire to find out his military intentions, rather than any genuine interest in cooperation at this point.  His hope may have been to ensure that this new army attacked Mongol enemies, rather than get in the way of the Mongols.       The halting of the Mongol advance at Ayn Jalut by the Mamluks, and fracturing of the Empire into independent Khanates after Great Khan Mongke's death left the new Ilkhanate in a precarious position. Surrounded by enemies on all sides, the only direction they could expand not at the expense of fellow Mongols was against the Mamluks, who fortified their shared border with the Ilkhans. Even a small raid could trigger the arrival of the full Mamluk army, a dangerous prospect against such deadly warriors. Yet the Ilkhans could not bring their full might to bear on the shared border with the Mamluks in Syria, as it would leave their other borders open to attacks from the Golden Horde, Chagatais or Neguderis, in addition to the trouble of provisioning an army in the tough, hot and dry conditions of the Levantine coastline, a route the Mamluks secured and fortified. Opening a new front against the Mamluks was necessary, and there were already convenient beachheads established  in the form of the remaining Crusader States.   A shadow of their former selves, the Crusader states were represented by a few major coastal holdings like Antioch, Tripoli, and Acre, and inland fortifications like Krak de Chevaliers and Montfort, as well as the Kingdom of Cyprus, whose ruler, Hugh III of Cyprus, took the title King of Jerusalem in 1268. The Crusader States had shown neutrality to the Mongols, or even joined them such as the County of Tripoli did in 1260 after the Mongols entered Syria. In early 1260, the papal legate at Acre sent an embassy to Hulegu, most likely to discourage him from attacking the Crusader holdings. Along with information from the Kings of Armenian Cilicia, their most important regional vassals, the Mongols would have had a vague knowledge of western Europe and their crusading history. The Ilkhanate's founder, Hulegu, sent the first letter to the west in 1262, intended once more for King Louis IX, though this embassy was turned back in Sicily. This letter was friendlier terms than most Mongol missives, but still contained threats, if rather subdued. Pope Urban IV may have learned of the attempt, and the next year sent a letter to Hulegu, apparently having been told that the Il-Khan had become a Christian.  Delighted at the idea, the Pope informed Hulegu that if he was baptised, he would receive aid from the west. In reality, Hulegu never converted to Christianity, and died in 1265 without sending any more letters.       His son and successor, Abaqa, was the Il-Khan most dedicated to establishing a Franco-Mongol alliance and came the closest to doing so. Due to conflict on his distant  borders with the Golden Horde and Chagatayids, as well as the troubles of consolidating power as new monarch in a new realm, for the 1260s he was unable to commit forces to the Mamluk frontier. As a good Mongol, Abaqa was unwilling to allow the enemy total respite, and made it his mission to encourage an attack from the west on the Mamluks. His first embassy was sent in 1266, shortly after becoming Il-Khan, contacting the Byzantines, Pope Clement IV and King James I of Aragon, hoping for a united Christian front to combine efforts with the Mongols against the Mamluks, inquiring which route into Palestine the Christian forces would take. The responses were generally positive, Pope Clement replying that as soon as he knew which route, he would inform Abaqa.       Abaqa sent a message again in 1268, inquiring about this progress. James of Aragon found himself the most motivated by the Il-Khans requests, encouraged by the promises of Abaqa's logistical and military support once they reached the mainland. James made his preparations, and launched a fleet in September 1269. An unexpected storm scattered the fleet, and only two of James' bastard children made it to Acre, who stayed only briefly, accomplishing little there.        Not long after, King Louis IX set out for Crusade once more, making the inexplicable choice to land in Tunis in 1270. Despite his well planned efforts, the Crusade was an utter disaster, and Louis died of dysentery outside the walls of Tunis in August 1270. Prince Edward of England with his army landed in Tunis shortly before the evacuation of the crusaders, and disgusted by what he saw, set his fleet for the Holy Land, landing at Acre in May 1271, joined by Hugh of Lusignan, King of Cyprus.  Edward's timing was good, as Abaqa had returned from a great victory over the Chagatai Khan Baraq at Herat in July 1270, though had suffered a major hunting accident that November.       The Mamluk Sultan Baybars was campaigning in Syria in spring 1271, the famous Krak des Chevaliers falling to him that April. Tripoli would have fallen next, had Baybars not retreated back to Damascus hearing of the sudden arrival of a Crusader fleet, and was wary of being caught between European heavy cavalry and Mongol horse archers. Soon after landing Edward made his preparations for an offensive, and reached out to Abaqa. Abaqa was delighted, and sent a reply and orders for Samaghar, the Mongol commander in Anatolia, to head to Syria. Edward did not wait for Abaqa's reply, and there is no indication he ever responded to Abaqa's letter. He set out in mid-July, ensuring his army suffered the most from the summer heat, while missing the Mongols who preferred to campaign in the winter. Suffering high casualties and accomplishing little, he withdrew back to Acre. In mid-October Samaghar arrived with his army, raiding as far as to the west of Aleppo while an elite force of Mongols scouted ahead, routing a large group of Turkmen between Antioch and Harim, but was soon forced to retreat with the advance of the Mamluk army under Baybars.       Missing Samagahr by only a few weeks, in November Edward marched south from Acre at the head of a column of men from England, Acre, Cyprus, with Templars, Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights. They ambushed some Turkmen on the Sharon plain, forced the local Mamluk governor to withdraw, but with the arrival of large Mamluk reinforcements the Crusaders fled, losing their prisoners and booty.  That was the closest the Mongols and the Franks came to proper coordination. Edward helped oversee a peace treaty between the Mamluks and the Kingdom of Jersualem, but the heat, difficulties campaigning, political infighting and an assassination attempt on his life permanently turned him off of crusading. By September 1272, Edward set sail for England. A  few weeks after his departure the Mongols again invaded, besieging al-Bira but were defeated by the Mamluks in December.        Edward's brief effort in Syria demonstrated the difficulties prefacing any Mongol-Frankish cooperation. The Mamluks were a cohesive, unified force, well accustomed to the environment and working from a well supplied logistic system and intelligence network, while the Franks and Mongols were unable to ever develop a proper timetable for operations together. The European arrivals generally had unrealistic goals for their campaigns, bringing neither the men, resources or experience to make an impact.       Abaqa continued  to organize further efforts, and found many willing ears at the Second Council of Lyons in France in 1274, a meeting of the great powers of Christendom intended to settle doctrinal issues, the division of the Catholic and Orthodox Churches, and plan the reconquest of the Holy land. Abaqa's delegation informed the Council that the Il-Khan had secured his borders, that peace had been achieved between all the Mongols Khanates, and he could now bring his full might against the Mamluks, and urged the Christian powers to do likewise. The current Pope, Gregory X, fully supported this and made efforts to set things in motion, but his death in 1276 killed whatever momentum this process had had. Abaqa sent another round of envoys, who reached the King of France and the new King of England, Edward. The envoys brought the Il-khan's apologies for failing to cooperate properly during Edward's crusade, and asked him to return. Edward politely declined. This was the final set of envoys Abaqa sent west. Perhaps frustrated, he finally organized a proper invasion of Syria, only an army under his brother Mongke-Temur to be defeated by the Mamluks at Homs, and Abaqa himself dying soon after in 1282. His successors were to find no more luck that he had.        The most interesting envoy to bring the tidings of the Il-Khan to Europe did not originate in the Ilkhanate, but in China: Rabban Bar Sawma, born in 1220 in what is now modern day Beijing, was a Turkic Nestorian priest who had set out on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem before being conscripted to act as a messenger for the Il-Khan, in a journey which is a fascinating contrast to that of his contemporary Marco Polo. Even given him his own dedicated episode in this podcast series, but we'll give here a brief recount of his journey. Writing his accounts down upon his return to Baghdad later in life, he described how he brought messages and gifts to the Byzantine Emperor Andronicos II Palaiologus, marvelled at the Hagia Sophia, then landed in Sicily and made his way to Rome, having just missed the death of Pope Honorius IV. Travelling on to France, he was warmly welcomed by King Phillip IV, and then on to Gascony where he met the campaigning King Edward of England, who again responded kindly to the Il-khan's envoy.  On his return journey, he met the new Pope Nicholas IV in 1288 before returning to the Ilkhanate.    Despite the generous receptions Rabban Sauma was given by the heads of Europe, and despite the Il-khan's promises to return Jerusalem to Christian hands, the reality was there was no ruler in the west interested, or capable of, going on Crusade. By now, the act of Crusading in the Holy land had lost its lustre, the final crusades almost all disasters, and costly ones at that. With the final Crusader strongholds falling to the Mamluks in the early 1290s, there was no longer even a proper beachhead on the coast for a Crusading army. The sheer distance and cost of going on Crusade, especially with numerous ongoing issues in their own Kingdoms at hand, outweighed whatever perceived benefit there might have been in doing so. Further, while Rabban Sauma personally could be well received, the Mongols themselves remained uncertain allies. From 1285 through to 1288, Golden Horde attacks on eastern Europe had recommenced in force. Even the new Khan of the Golden Horde, Tele-Buqa, had led an army into Poland. For the Europeans, the distinctions between the Mongol Khanates were hard to register; how could messages of peace from some Mongols be matched with the open war other Mongols were undertaking? All evidence seems to suggest that the western Franks did not understand that the Golden Horde and Ilkhanate were separate political entities. Recall earlier the conflicting letters Louis IX had received in the 1240s, where one Mongol general offered friendship, only to be tricked in seemingly submitting to the Mongols and then receive letters in the 1250s telling him to discount the previous envoys. Together these encouraged unease over perceiving the Mongols as allies, and served to further dampen interest to pursue these alliances.       In contrast, the Mamluks had somewhat greater success in their own overseas diplomacy: in the 1260s Baybars initiated contact with the Golden Horde, ruled by the Muslim Berke Khan, encouraging him to keep up his warfare with his Ilkhanid cousins. Sultan Baybars also kept good relations with the Byzantine Empire and the Genoese, allowing him to keep the flow of Turkic slave soldiers from the steppes of the Golden Horde open, the keystone of the Mamluk military. There is also evidence they undertook some limited diplomacy with Qaidu Khan during the height of his rule over Central Asia and the Chagatayids. While the Mamluks and Golden Horde never undertook any true military cooperation, the continuation of their talks kept the Ilkhanate wary of enemies on all borders, never truly able to bring the entirety of its considerable might against one foe least another strike the Il-Khan's exposed frontiers. But, did the Golden Horde, in the 1260s, perceive this as an alliance? We only have Mamluk accounts of the relationship, but scholarship often supposes that the Golden Horde Khans perceived this as the submission of the Mamluks, and any cooperation was the cooperation between overlord and subject. As many of the Mamluk ruling class were Qipchaqs, so the Mongols had come to see as their natural slaves, it may well be that Berke saw the submission of the Mamluks as a natural part of their relationship, especially since he already ruled the Qipchaq homeland. This alliance, alongside never resulting in direct cooperation, was also never always amicable. When the Jochid Khans grew annoyed with the Mamluks, they would halt the trade of Qipchaq slaves and threaten to deprive the Mamluks of their greatest source of warriors. During the long reign of Mamluk Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, a daughter of the Golden Horde Khan Ozbeg was wed to him, in an effort to cement the relationship after a rocky start to the 1300s. Al-Nasir soon accused her of not actually being a Chinggisid, insulting her and infuriating Ozbeg. Yet the relationship survived until the invasions of Emir Temur at the close of the fourteenth century, when the Mamluks and Golden Horde once again took part in a doomed west-Asian effort to ally against Temur.       Ilkhanid-European contacts continued into the 14th century, but with somewhat less regularity after Rabban bar Sawma's journey. An archbishopric was even founded in the new Ilkhanid capital of Sultaniyya in 1318, and Papal envoys would travel through the Ilkhanate to the Yuan Dynasty in China until the 1330s. A few envoys came from the Il-Khans still hoping to achieve military cooperation; Ghazan Il-Khan continued to send them before his invasions, including the only one that actually defeated the Mamluk army and led to a brief Mongol advance down the coast, occupying Damascus. News of Ghazan's successes did spread rapidly, for the Spanish Franciscan Ramon Llull learned of it and promptly sailed all the way across the Mediterranean, hoping to be among the first missionaries to land in the newly reclaimed Holy Land. But upon arriving in Cypress, Llull learned of Ghazan's equally quick withdrawal. The combined news of a Mongol victory followed by sudden Mongol withdrawal must have only affirmed the opinion of many of the futility of taking part in any more crusades with the Mongols.  Military operations against the Mamluks mostly ceased after Ghazan's death, until a formal peace was achieved between them and the Ilkhanate at the start of the 1320s. Naturally, no further messages for alliances with the powers of Europe were forth coming, and consequently putting an almost total end to European interest and contacts with the Middle East for the next five centuries. European-Mongol relations would continue for some time longer in the territory of the Golden Horde, where the attention of our podcast moves next, so be sure to subscribe to the Kings and Generals podcast for more. If you enjoyed this and would like to help us continue bringing you great content, then consider supporting us on Patreon at www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. This episode was researched and written by our series historian, Jack Wilson. I'm your host David, and we'll catch you on the next one.   

In today's episode, we will be talking with our good friend, Nauren Batjargal. Nauren is the co-founder and Chief Operating Officers of Erxes (erxes.io), an open source growth marketing platform that is challenging conventional martech tools with their affordable, open source platform based in Mongolia. For more information or to sign up for a free account, visit www.erxes.io. At Tech & Main, we want to be YOUR technology partner. Let our 20+ years of expertise help you achieve the outcomes that are best for your business: cybersecurity, cloud, SD-WAN and data center. We have engineers and project managers available to assist you. Call our office at 678-575-8515, email us at info@techandmain.com or visit us at www.techandmain.com. Thanks for listening! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/techandmain/message

Our special guest today is Michael Allen Lake who is a digital transformation consultant focused on innovation and change adoption within the Federal government. He has worked on projects at nine different Federal agencies. His experience ranges from helping organizations leverage data as a strategic asset to the adoption and promotion of enterprise-wide cloud computing and artificial intelligence initiatives. In addition, Michael researches and publishes articles on the diplomatic history of the United States and Mongolia. He is also a volunteer with the Medical Reserve Corps, and co-hosts a YouTube channel on Star Wars called Never Tell Us the Odds. You can find more about Michael and his thoughts at YaksOnTheRunway.com. Links from the show:Michael's TwitterMichael's InstagramMichael's LinkedInU.S. Digital CorpsYaks on the RunwayNever Tell Us the OddsMichael Allen Lake was interviewed by David Quisenberry. Post production work by John L. Whiteman. Introduction and closing by Shayne Morgan.Follow us:HomepageTwitterMeetupLinkedInYouTubeSupport the show (https://owasp.org/supporters/)

There has been a little noticed but significant development in Japan's military capabilities, and some overlooked geopolitical news from Mongolia. Those may seem unconnected, … NEWS AND VIEWS FROM THE NEFARIUM OCT 7 2021 Read More » The post NEWS AND VIEWS FROM THE NEFARIUM OCT 7 2021 appeared first on The Giza Death Star.

Hey from The Big Apple I started my adventure in the Big Apple sitting in a park in Brooklyn on a Saturday morning watching small kids and grown-ups playing football – yes, as a European, this is what I call the game where someone kicks a round ball with their feet.  I'm waiting to meet up with my friend Scott Gurian. Even though we'd never met prior, we do consider each other friends.  Scott is a fellow veteran travel podcaster and one of the best in the business. He's the guy from the Far from Home podcast you must have heard me talk about many times here on the Radio Vagabond travel podcast. Scott planned to spend his Saturday with me in Brooklyn, Queens, and New York showing me around some interesting places in his hood while we chatted and got to know each other. Scott lives in nearby Jersey, just across the Hudson River, so we're Close to Home for Scott today. As we walked over to Scott's car — a nice big new Toyota — I immediately joked that it was very different from the small, old car that played a big part in the first season of his podcast. FAR FROM HOME Scott participated in the Mongol Rally and drove a tiny, beaten out Nissan Micra stick shift across Europe and Asia about five years ago for an epic 18,000 mile (29,000 km). He did this crazy adventure from the UK to Mongolia with his brother and two friends – and after that, he decided to drive back in the same car. The first season of Far from Home is outstanding and got me hooked on the podcast long before we knew each other. I highly recommend listening to it if you haven't already. Also, watch a few clips of his journey to experience the trials and tribulations first-hand. Naturally, he has so many memorable stories and anecdotes from that trip, so I wanted to find out which stand out most in his memory. "Oh, so many. Driving across Iran with my brother and two friends (as Americans and Brits) was amazing; the friendliness of the people was memorable. Also, travelling through 'untouched' countries in central Asia like Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, etc., was excellent. Seeing Cappadocia in Turkey with its hot air balloons was also amazing. And, of course, Mongolia is incredible with its vast open spaces and extraordinary scenery. It took us about seven weeks to travel from the UK to Mongolia, so as you can imagine, I have many incredible memories from that trip." Scott wanted to see more of the world, so instead of flying back to Europe (like any sane human would), he decided to drive back to explore more countries and regions, like Siberia in Russia. THROAT SINGING IN SIBERIA In one of the episodes of Season 2, Scott visits the remote south Siberian Republic of Tuva to learn about the traditional instruments and the ancient art of throat singing. He even attempts to throat sing himself! Read more about this visit and see photos and videos here. "Russia is such an enormous country with so many different regions home to vastly different cultures. Tuva was a 12 hour journey out the way to visit and it is so unique. It is close to Mongolia so the Tuvans look very similar to Mongolians." HALLUCINATING ON AYAHUASCA IN PERU In another episode, he meets a medicine man who invited him to attend a hallucinogenic healing ceremony where he drank ayahuasca. All while holding his microphone. Have a listen to the episode by clicking here. CLOSE TO HOME Due to the pandemic, Scott hasn't been able to travel overseas. But he is content as he tells me that living in Jersey, there is a lot of adventure that awaits in and around New York. He started cooking and even home-brewing to keep his itchy travel feet scratched. Scott was due to meet me at AfricaBurn – the South African Burning Man just outside Cape Town when lockdown hit. Scott stayed in Jersey, and I was stuck in Cape Town for a while (so be sure to listen to my Radio Vagabond South African travel adventures). We were supposed to travel a bit of South Africa together, but alas, it was not meant to be. SCOTT GURIAN'S NEW YORK TRAVEL GUIDE One of the cool things about making friends worldwide is that they can show you places you usually wouldn't visit. Because I had visited New York several times before, Scott wanted to take me to places few tourists would know about. Here is a list of Scott's unusual but must-visit places in New York Scott took me to: DUMBO A part of Brooklyn is called DUMBO aka "Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass" is a trendy neighbourhood to walk through Brooklyn Heights and Downtown Brooklyn NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT MUSEUM In an old subway station, you can visit the New York City Transit Museum. Move further down and see some 100-year-old subway cars. WILLIAMSBURG Williamsburg is a hipster neighbourhood that is cool to stroll through. QUEENS MUSEUM OF ART Next to where they hosted the World Fair, you find Queens Museum of Art, where the Panorama is now housed – a scaled model of every borough in the greater New York area in the 1960's. THE CITY RELIQUARY The City Reliquary is a not-for-profit community museum and civic organization located in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. It's really cool and weird – and connects visitors to both the past and present of New York. We walked around Brooklyn for a bit and found the iconic Instagram spot with the bridge in the background. You might remember it from the gangster movie 'Once Upon a Time in America' poster. Then visited a place with a lot of food trucks called Smorgesburg. As far as I know, this word comes from the Danish smørrebrød, and then Americans started saying it like the Swedish Chef from Muppet Show. Unfortunately, we didn't find any Danish smørrebrød at Smorgesburg. Another thing we couldn't find after that was… Scott's car. After a slight ordeal trying to locate his car, we eventually found it after getting help from the police. Even locals can get lost in New York. Go figure :) TAJIKISTAN POLICE Our polite encounter with the NYPD reminded me of Scott's experience with the local police in Tajikistan on his trip. I asked him to talk about his experience. "There is a lot of corruption in central Asian countries like Tajikistan. Our British friends in another Nissan Micra got pulled over by some traffic cops who actually aimed their radar gun at another car, and then tried to say it was them who was speeding. My brother's and I stopped too and heard that they demanded $100 which was a month salary here and crazy. Specially since they weren't speeding. It was clearly a scam, and we didn't want to give in to the bribe/corruption stigma. After a long time, we eventually settled on handing over a bottle of vodka, and we were back on the road." Scott secretly recorded the entire encounter that you can listen to in its entirety in Episode 16 of Far from Home, Season 1. Scott tells about more traffic cop encounters he had in central Asia. Most of the time, the cops were polite and never gave them any unnecessary issues. We exchanged stories about the amazing people we get to meet on the road. Scott paid particular mention to the wonderful Iranian popularity he experienced. Thanks to Scott for taking me around the New York area on a beautiful Saturday. I hope to team up with him soon to do some travelling together and collaborate on future episodes of both our podcasts. My name is Palle Bo, and I gotta keep moving.   NEW YORK FLASHBACKS If you want to listen to more of my travels through New York from previous visits, simply follow the link: The Radio Vagabond Travel Podcast in New York. COVID-19 TRAVEL and TOURISM RULES FOR NEW YORK (OCT 2021) This episode was from the end of August 2021, when New York was open for travel if you (like me) didn't travel to the country from Europe. Please visit New York City's official website for the latest COVID-19 travel restrictions and tourist regulations. Make sure New York is open for tourism before booking your trip.    

During today's podcast, I speak with Leanne Hughes, international facilitator, speaker and podcaster about how she practices staying centered when facilitating. Leanne shares so many facilitation tips on how to manage nerves and manage energy levels when holding space for groups. She shares that most of the time, when we get nervous it is because we are trying to convince ourselves that we are worthy. However, all we need to do is get enough experience under our belt to work with self-doubt. Journaling and movement can also be a powerful tools to help reframe the internal dialogue. Take a listen to the whole episode and share your thoughts with us on Instagram @OneWade and @Leannehughes    Checkout my conversation with Leanne on her First Time Facilitator podcast: Episode 134: Virtual centering and well-being techniques for online meetings with Wade Brill   Are you looking for more ways to practice staying centered in this chaotic world? Head on over to Centered in the City and learn how building a sustainable mindfulness practice will support you staying grounded and connected to yourself instead of getting swept up in the noise of the world.    ***** Leanne Hughes is an international facilitator, trusted advisor and speaker who loves creating unpredictable workshop experiences, that predictably work. She combines her experience in Marketing, her passion for group dynamics, with her education in Psychology, to help leaders dramatically improve their project teams' performance. Based in Brisbane, Australia, Leanne has partnered with organisations all around the world (in-person and virtual) including Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea and Singapore and believes in a strengths-centred approach to learning and development.  She has over 14 years' of experience across a range of industries including mining, government and tourism sectors. She's the host of the First Time Facilitator podcast and was a finalist in the 2018 Australian Learning Impact awards for Learning Professional of the Year. Social Media LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/leannehughes/ Instagram: @leannehughes Twitter: @leannehughes Facebook: facebook.com/leannehughespage/

Roy Tanami is a leading international outdoor photographer who has traveled the world in search of fish to catch on the fly and beautiful photographs to capture the experiences. He's been to Kamchatka, Brazil, New Zealand, Mongolia and many more wild places. As a traveling fly angler, he's experienced the good, the challenging and the wonderful things you encounter while traveling and fishing. Join us to hear about Roy's travels, experiences and how he's able to capture the world and fly fishing in his stunning photographs.

When you travel, it's inevitable that you'll occasionally have weird or random experiences, where you might have certain expectations before you arrive at a place, but then you're totally thrown for a loop. Sometimes it's frustrating, and other times it ends up being a pleasant surprise, but either way, it's unexpected, and there's this moment where you can't help but stop, take a breath, and think, “Wait. How did I end up here again?” On today's episode, I talk about how I found myself in a swarm of Justin Bieber fans in Bangkok, Thailand, and Nisreene Atassi — host of Expedia's “Out Travel the System” podcast — shares the story of the time she and some co-workers went to a sushi dinner in Tokyo and ended up having a night they'd never forget. If you enjoy this episode, you might also like this story from my last season about the time I slept overnight on the floor of Tokyo's Tsukiji Fish Market to see an early morning tuna auction. And if all this inspires you to head to the nearest airport, check out this episode of Nissy's podcast where she discusses tips for planning your own trip to Japan! As always, you can find, follow, and message Far From Home on Facebook or Instagram or contact me on Twitter. Or you can drop me a line at info@farfromhomepodcast.org ————————- On Far From Home, award-winning public radio journalist Scott Gurian documents fascinating stories from far-flung places like Iran, Chernobyl, and Mongolia. For more info, visit farfromhomepodcast.org

Neil Pederson is a Senior Ecologist at the Harvard Forest who studies the dynamics and long-term development of forests from individual trees to trees across regions and subcontinents. He is especially interested in the response of trees as they interact with climate and as they interact amongst themselves. Neil conducts basic and applied research to help develop ecologically-based, long-term forest management. He digs natural history, charismatic megaflora, and old-growth forests. Neil is also very curious about the growth, longevity, and ecology of broadleaf trees and forests. Neil earned an associate degree in math while playing lacrosse at SUNY-Morrisville, received his bachelor's degree from SUNY-College of Environmental Science & Forestry, and received a Master of Science from Auburn University studying an old bottomland hardwood forest in South Carolina. After a stint as a tree-ring technician assisting on climate change research in Mongolia and Russia at the Tree-Ring Laboratory of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, he earned a Ph.D. studying forest ecology and climate change along the eastern coast of the United States at Columbia University. Before becoming a senior ecologist in the Fall of 2014 at the Harvard Forest, Neil was an assistant professor in biology at Eastern Kentucky University and a research professor at Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory. He currently has grants with the US Forest Service and National Science Foundation to study the impacts of extreme climate on the lives of trees in the Northeastern US and how climate might have shaped the old-growth forests we love today. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/plantatrilliontrees/support

Join Us!! For Podcast updates the evolution of Machadoos and much more nonsense!! Yay Sally got Hitched!!!!! Sorry for the background noise we left the fans on My love for Michael J Fox and Marty McFly and shout out to Metallica's Ride The Lightning that I forgot to mentchen during my Birthday Episode!! But eventually we get back on track and drop some knowledge about the unsubstantiated animals we all love and after this episode hopefully you know a bit better! Are Aliens or ghosts technically cryptids?? Maybe Zach Baggins knows?? Angler Fish (not a cryptid but still creepy) Blue Whales (not a cryptid but still huge) Mongolian Death Worm (tiny Graboid) El Chupacabra (both Puerto Rican and North American version) Bigfoot (the granddaddy of ‘em all) And his cousins the Grass Man, Skunk Ape, Orang Pendek, Almas of Mongolia, Amomongo of the Philippines Orang Pendek is believed to be a modern version of the hominid Homo floresiensis that lived in the same region 17,000 years ago. Nessi and Taho Tessi Spiny-Back Chimp (with a small primatological lecture from an Anthropologist) The Beast of Exmoor (the Scottish Bagheera) The Rougarou or Roux-ga-roux, Rugaroo, Rugaru (The Bad Catholic killer) Much Ado About Nerding Content written, performed and edited by Joe Otero and Selena Otero. Theme created by Selena Otero. Executive Producers Joe Thanks for stopping by, if you like what you heard please LIKE, COMMENT, RATE and SUBSCRIBE to the Pod on whatever platform you are listeing on. And Please SHARE with fellow Nerds and welcome them into Nerd Nation! Podcast Producers Our Patreons The Roller Derby Betty, No One Trolls Like Gaston, Ambeeezeee, Professor Em, Master of Muggle Studies, Motor City Timmy T, Fact Check Paul, The Phoenix Fam and StellarGem Patreon Patreon.com/muchadoaboutnerding Instagram Much_Ado_About_Nerding Email nerdnation2020@gmail.com Sounder Webpage muchadoaboutnerding.sounder.fm YouTube and Selena. Thanks for listening and until next time stay Rad and NERDY ON!!!

Photo: A Russian stamp:  "World Natural Heritage of Russia. Tyva Republic. Ubsunur Basin" Tuva, once named Tannu Tuva, is a Vajrayana/Tibetan Buddhist territory south of the enormous Krasnoyarsk Krai in Russia.  Tuva is due south of Khakassia, which is a subregion of indigenous Turkic peoples; north of Mongolia and adjacent to Buryatia, both also Buddhist.  The exceptional American physicist Richard Feynman once found a Tuvan postage stamp, realized he had no knowledge of the country, and decided to visit.  Under the Soviet Union internal travel was severely limited, and the distinguished Dr Feynman did not get there.  In his effort, "Leighton and Feynman tried many ploys to get to Tuva. They even enrolled as delegates at a throat-singing conference to be held in Hovd, Mongolia. Throat-singing, a bizarre style peculiar to Tuva [and strongly Mongolian], involves making two notes simultaneously. Alas, the conference was cancelled at the last minute."         "  . . .  In 1988, Leighton and Feynman pulled off a coup, bringing to Los Angeles ‘Nomads of Eurasia', an exhibition that included ancient Tuvan artefacts. The Soviet authorities would be sure to reward them with a trip to Tuva, they reasoned. But on 15 February 1988 – just three days before an invitation arrived – Feynman's borrowed time ran out.        "Leighton went to Kyzyl without Feynman, and stood before the monument to the centre of Asia. ‘It seemed like Richard's grave,' he says." ..  https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13318095-100-review-richard-feynmans-lost-journey/#ixzz77u8dBMKg   https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13318095-100-review-richard-feynmans-lost-journey/#ixzz77u8ChISt Vladimir Putin gone fishing in spectacular Tuva.  Felix Light, Moscow Times,  @felix_light, @CBS News, @Moscow Times https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/09/27/putin-joins-defense-minister-shoigu-on-taiga-trek-a75150

Dennis Prager Fireside Chat— Escaping Oppression: North Korean Defector Yeonmi Park. Watch this interview at- https://youtu.be/ewGM1GZ8uqg 74,894 views Premiered Sep 9, 2021 PragerU 2.92M subscribers Yeonmi Park, a North Korean defector, suffered unimaginable horror on her journey to freedom. Desperate from starvation and oppression, she managed to escape to China, but had been sold. Several years later, she escaped through the Gobi Desert into Mongolia and then finally to freedom in South Korea. Once at university in America, she recognized the same propaganda tactics of North Korea. She has an incredible story and we're honored to bring it to you. View the entire Fireside Chat library: https://www.prageru.com/series/firesi... --------------------------------------------------------------------  Visit Pragertopia  https://pragertopia.com/member/signup.php  The first month is 99 cents. After the first month the cost is $7.50 per month. If you can afford to pay for only one podcast, this is the one we recommend. It is the best conservative radio show out there, period. ACU strongly recommends ALL ACU students and alumni subscribe to Pragertopia. Do it today!  You can listen to Dennis from 9 a.m. to Noon (Pacific) Monday thru Friday, live on the Internet  http://www.dennisprager.com/pages/listen  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ For a great archive of Prager University videos visit- https://www.youtube.com/user/PragerUniversity/featured   Donate today to PragerU! http://l.prageru.com/2eB2p0h Get PragerU bonus content for free! https://www.prageru.com/bonus-content Download Pragerpedia on your iPhone or Android! Thousands of sources and facts at your fingertips. iPhone: http://l.prageru.com/2dlsnbG Android: http://l.prageru.com/2dlsS5e Join Prager United to get new swag every quarter, exclusive early access to our videos, and an annual TownHall phone call with Dennis Prager! http://l.prageru.com/2c9n6ys Join PragerU's text list to have these videos, free merchandise giveaways and breaking announcements sent directly to your phone! https://optin.mobiniti.com/prageru Do you shop on Amazon? Click https://smile.amazon.com and a percentage of every Amazon purchase will be donated to PragerU. Same great products. Same low price. Shopping made meaningful. VISIT PragerU! https://www.prageru.com FOLLOW us! Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/prageru Twitter: https://twitter.com/prageru Instagram: https://instagram.com/prageru/ PragerU is on Snapchat! JOIN PragerFORCE! For Students: http://l.prageru.com/2aozfkP JOIN our Educators Network! http://l.prageru.com/2aoz2y9 -------------------------------------------------------------------- The Rational Bible: Exodus by Dennis Prager   NATIONAL BESTSELLER "Dennis Prager has put together one of the most stunning commentaries in modern times on the most profound document in human history. It's a must-read that every person, religious and non-religious, should buy and peruse every night before bed. It'll make you think harder, pray more ardently, and understand your civilization better." — Ben Shapiro, host of "The Ben Shapiro Show" "Dennis Prager's commentary on Exodus will rank among the greatest modern Torah commentaries. That is how important I think it is. And I am clearly not alone... It might well be on its way to becoming the most widely read Torah commentary of our time—and by non-Jews as well as by Jews." — Rabbi Joseph Telushkin, bestselling author of Jewish Literacy Why do so many people think the Bible, the most influential book in world history, is outdated? Why do our friends and neighbors – and sometimes we ourselves – dismiss the Bible as irrelevant, irrational, immoral, or all of these things? This explanation of the Book of Exodus, the second book of the Bible, will demonstrate that the Bible is not only powerfully relevant to today's issues, but completely consistent with rational thought. Do you think the Bible permitted the trans-Atlantic slave trade? You won't after reading this book. Do you struggle to love your parents? If you do, you need this book. Do you doubt the existence of God because belief in God is “irrational?” This book will give you reason after reason to rethink your doubts. The title of this commentary is, “The Rational Bible” because its approach is entirely reason-based. The reader is never asked to accept anything on faith alone. As Prager says, “If something I write does not make rational sense, I have not done my job.” The Rational Bible is the fruit of Dennis Prager's forty years of teaching the Bible to people of every faith, and no faith. On virtually every page, you will discover how the text relates to the contemporary world and to your life. His goal: to change your mind – and then change your life.   Highly Recommended by ACU. Purchase his book at- https://www.amazon.com/Rational-Bible-Exodus-Dennis-Prager/dp/1621577724     The Rational Bible: Genesis by Dennis Prager  USA Today bestseller Publishers Weekly bestseller Wall Street Journal bestseller Many people today think the Bible, the most influential book in world history, is not only outdated but irrelevant, irrational, and even immoral. This explanation of the Book of Genesis, the first book of the Bible, demonstrates clearly and powerfully that the opposite is true. The Bible remains profoundly relevant—both to the great issues of our day and to each individual life. It is the greatest moral guide and source of wisdom ever written. Do you doubt the existence of God because you think believing in God is irrational? This book will give you many reasons to rethink your doubts. Do you think faith and science are in conflict? You won't after reading this commentary on Genesis. Do you come from a dysfunctional family? It may comfort you to know that every family discussed in Genesis was highly dysfunctional! The title of this commentary is “The Rational Bible” because its approach is entirely reason-based. The reader is never asked to accept anything on faith alone. In Dennis Prager's words, “If something I write is not rational, I have not done my job.” The Rational Bible is the fruit of Dennis Prager's forty years of teaching the Bible—whose Hebrew grammar and vocabulary he has mastered—to people of every faith and no faith at all. On virtually every page, you will discover how the text relates to the contemporary world in general and to you personally. His goal: to change your mind—and, as a result, to change your life.   Highly Recommended by ACU. Purchase his book at- https://www.amazon.com/Rational-Bible-Genesis-Dennis-Prager/dp/1621578984

Dennis Prager Fireside Chat— Escaping Oppression: North Korean Defector Yeonmi Park. Watch this interview at- https://youtu.be/ewGM1GZ8uqg 74,894 views Premiered Sep 9, 2021 PragerU 2.92M subscribers Yeonmi Park, a North Korean defector, suffered unimaginable horror on her journey to freedom. Desperate from starvation and oppression, she managed to escape to China, but had been sold. Several years later, she escaped through the Gobi Desert into Mongolia and then finally to freedom in South Korea. Once at university in America, she recognized the same propaganda tactics of North Korea. She has an incredible story and we're honored to bring it to you. View the entire Fireside Chat library: https://www.prageru.com/series/firesi... --------------------------------------------------------------------  Visit Pragertopia  https://pragertopia.com/member/signup.php  The first month is 99 cents. After the first month the cost is $7.50 per month. If you can afford to pay for only one podcast, this is the one we recommend. It is the best conservative radio show out there, period. ACU strongly recommends ALL ACU students and alumni subscribe to Pragertopia. Do it today!  You can listen to Dennis from 9 a.m. to Noon (Pacific) Monday thru Friday, live on the Internet  http://www.dennisprager.com/pages/listen  ------------------------------------------------------------------------ For a great archive of Prager University videos visit- https://www.youtube.com/user/PragerUniversity/featured   Donate today to PragerU! http://l.prageru.com/2eB2p0h Get PragerU bonus content for free! https://www.prageru.com/bonus-content Download Pragerpedia on your iPhone or Android! Thousands of sources and facts at your fingertips. iPhone: http://l.prageru.com/2dlsnbG Android: http://l.prageru.com/2dlsS5e Join Prager United to get new swag every quarter, exclusive early access to our videos, and an annual TownHall phone call with Dennis Prager! http://l.prageru.com/2c9n6ys Join PragerU's text list to have these videos, free merchandise giveaways and breaking announcements sent directly to your phone! https://optin.mobiniti.com/prageru Do you shop on Amazon? Click https://smile.amazon.com and a percentage of every Amazon purchase will be donated to PragerU. Same great products. Same low price. Shopping made meaningful. VISIT PragerU! https://www.prageru.com FOLLOW us! Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/prageru Twitter: https://twitter.com/prageru Instagram: https://instagram.com/prageru/ PragerU is on Snapchat! JOIN PragerFORCE! For Students: http://l.prageru.com/2aozfkP JOIN our Educators Network! http://l.prageru.com/2aoz2y9 -------------------------------------------------------------------- The Rational Bible: Exodus by Dennis Prager   NATIONAL BESTSELLER "Dennis Prager has put together one of the most stunning commentaries in modern times on the most profound document in human history. It's a must-read that every person, religious and non-religious, should buy and peruse every night before bed. It'll make you think harder, pray more ardently, and understand your civilization better." — Ben Shapiro, host of "The Ben Shapiro Show" "Dennis Prager's commentary on Exodus will rank among the greatest modern Torah commentaries. That is how important I think it is. And I am clearly not alone... It might well be on its way to becoming the most widely read Torah commentary of our time—and by non-Jews as well as by Jews." — Rabbi Joseph Telushkin, bestselling author of Jewish Literacy Why do so many people think the Bible, the most influential book in world history, is outdated? Why do our friends and neighbors – and sometimes we ourselves – dismiss the Bible as irrelevant, irrational, immoral, or all of these things? This explanation of the Book of Exodus, the second book of the Bible, will demonstrate that the Bible is not only powerfully relevant to today's issues, but completely consistent with rational thought. Do you think the Bible permitted the trans-Atlantic slave trade? You won't after reading this book. Do you struggle to love your parents? If you do, you need this book. Do you doubt the existence of God because belief in God is “irrational?” This book will give you reason after reason to rethink your doubts. The title of this commentary is, “The Rational Bible” because its approach is entirely reason-based. The reader is never asked to accept anything on faith alone. As Prager says, “If something I write does not make rational sense, I have not done my job.” The Rational Bible is the fruit of Dennis Prager's forty years of teaching the Bible to people of every faith, and no faith. On virtually every page, you will discover how the text relates to the contemporary world and to your life. His goal: to change your mind – and then change your life.   Highly Recommended by ACU. Purchase his book at- https://www.amazon.com/Rational-Bible-Exodus-Dennis-Prager/dp/1621577724     The Rational Bible: Genesis by Dennis Prager  USA Today bestseller Publishers Weekly bestseller Wall Street Journal bestseller Many people today think the Bible, the most influential book in world history, is not only outdated but irrelevant, irrational, and even immoral. This explanation of the Book of Genesis, the first book of the Bible, demonstrates clearly and powerfully that the opposite is true. The Bible remains profoundly relevant—both to the great issues of our day and to each individual life. It is the greatest moral guide and source of wisdom ever written. Do you doubt the existence of God because you think believing in God is irrational? This book will give you many reasons to rethink your doubts. Do you think faith and science are in conflict? You won't after reading this commentary on Genesis. Do you come from a dysfunctional family? It may comfort you to know that every family discussed in Genesis was highly dysfunctional! The title of this commentary is “The Rational Bible” because its approach is entirely reason-based. The reader is never asked to accept anything on faith alone. In Dennis Prager's words, “If something I write is not rational, I have not done my job.” The Rational Bible is the fruit of Dennis Prager's forty years of teaching the Bible—whose Hebrew grammar and vocabulary he has mastered—to people of every faith and no faith at all. On virtually every page, you will discover how the text relates to the contemporary world in general and to you personally. His goal: to change your mind—and, as a result, to change your life.   Highly Recommended by ACU. Purchase his book at- https://www.amazon.com/Rational-Bible-Genesis-Dennis-Prager/dp/1621578984

It's the birthday of Mongol emperor Kublai Khan born in Mongolia in 1215. The explorer Marco Polo's journal contains most that is known about this ruler.

Shannon Prince comes from a family with a rich relationship to the natural world. Her Cherokee ancestors were skilled at using plants as medicine. But her family's eco-literacy had been stripped away over the generations. Yearning to rediscover forgotten knowledge, Shannon traveled across the world to Mongolia, where ancient traditions were more intact. On this episode, she explores the surprising things that can happen to you on a personal level, when you attempt to preserve a way of life that's slowly disappearing. REFER FRIENDS, WIN REWARDS! Sign up for your personal referral link.