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A research paper recently published in Aging, titled “Human-relevant Ptpn6 mutation alters immune and hepatic functions during aging,” investigated how a human-relevant mutation in the PTPN6 gene, which encodes the immune and metabolic regulator SHP-1, affects immune and liver function during aging. Using mice carrying the mutation, the researchers found that older mutant mice had improved glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin sensitivity, but also developed liver abnormalities characterized by increased fibrosis and the accumulation of immune cells, particularly B lymphocytes and macrophages. Further analyses indicated that these age-related changes were driven primarily by altered immune activity rather than direct effects within liver cells. The findings identify SHP-1 as an important regulator of liver immune homeostasis and provide new insight into how immune-cell infiltration may contribute to age-related changes in the liver. DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206413 Corresponding author - André Marette - andre.marette@criucpq.ulaval.ca Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyn__UY9Buk Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://aging.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Faging.206413 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Aging - https://www.aging-us.com/subscribe-to-toc-alerts Keywords - aging, SHP-1/Ptpn6, B cell, macrophage, aging, Ptpn6Ala457Thr To learn more about the journal, please visit https://www.Aging-US.com​​ and connect with us on social media at: Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/aging-us.bsky.social ResearchGate - https://www.researchgate.net/journal/Aging-1945-4589 X - https://twitter.com/AgingJrnl Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/AgingUS/ Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/agingjrnl/ LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/aging/ Reddit - https://www.reddit.com/user/AgingUS/ Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/AgingUS/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@Aging-US Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/1X4HQQgegjReaf6Mozn6Mc MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

William B. Coley started using a bacterial infection to treat cancers in the late 19th century, one of the earliest uses of immunotherapy. Research: Ahuja, Sana and Sufian Zaheer. “The evolution of cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive review of its history and current perspectives.” Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024; 20(2): 51-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14216/kjco.24009 Atkins, Douglas. “Helen Coley Nauts: Advocate for Immunotherapy.” National Library of Medicine. 4/19/2016. https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2016/04/19/helen-coley-nauts-advocate-for-immunotherapy/ Cancer Research Institute. “The History of Cancer Immunotherapy.” Coley, William B. “Therapeutic Value of the Mixed Toxins of the Streptococcus of Erysipelas and Bacillus Prodigiosus in the Treatment of Inoperable Malignant Tumors. With a Report of 160 Cases.” American Journal of the Medical Sciences. September 1896. College of Physicians of Philadelphia. “Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy.” History of Vaccines. https://historyofvaccines.org/vaccines-101/future-immunization/cancer-vaccines-and-immunotherapy/ Colley, William B. “The Treatment of Inoperable Sarcoma by Bacterial Toxins (the Mixed Toxins of the Streptococcus erysipelas and the Bacillus prodigiosus).” Reprinted from the “ Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine,” November, 1909. London. John Bale, Sons & Danielsson, LTD. 1909. https://archive.org/details/b22425949/mode/1up Decker WK, da Silva RF, Sanabria MH, Angelo LS, Guimarães F, Burt BM, Kheradmand F and Paust S (2017) Cancer Immunotherapy: Historical Perspective of a Clinical Revolution and Emerging Preclinical Animal Models. Front. Immunol. 8:829. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00829 Devaraja, K. et al. “Coley’s Toxin to First Approved Therapeutic Vaccine—A Brief Historical Account in the Progression of Immunobiology-Based Cancer Treatment.” Biomedicines 2024, 12, 2746. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12122746 Dobosz, Paula and Tomasz Dzieciatkowski.” The Intriguing History of Cancer Immunotherapy. Frontiers in Immunology. 12/17/2019. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02965 Hall, Stephen S. “A Commotion in the Blood: Life, Death, and the Immune System.” Henry Holt and Company. Excerpted at New York Times. https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/h/hall-commotion.html Harutyunyan, Mariam. “How William Coley Became The Father of Cancer Immunotherapy.” OncoDaily Magazine. 7/31/2026. https://oncodaily.com/magazine/william-coley-549446 Hiroaki Ikeda, Cancer immunotherapy in progress—an overview of the past 130 years, International Immunology, Volume 37, Issue 5, May 2025, Pages 253–260, https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxaf002 Journal of the American Medical Association. “Erysipelas Toxins in the Treatment of Malignant Tumors.” 10/27/1894. Journal of the American Medical Association. “The Failure of the Erysipelas Toxins.” Vol 23 Iss 24. 12/15/1894. Kokolus, Katie. “The History of Immunotherapy: Toxins, Targets & T Cells.” LabRoots. 10/18/2021. https://www.labroots.com/trending/cancer/21449/history-immunotherapy-toxins-targets-cells?srsltid=AfmBOooP1eoVP2LbWKR5m-HLu1PSBFhOyPH1jSJWWcxvyK6EA4-hBu47 Levine, David B. “The Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled: William Bradley Coley, third Surgeon-in-Chief 1925-1933.” HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery vol. 4,1 (2008): 1-9. doi:10.1007/s11420-007-9063-2 McCarthy, Edward F. “The Toxins of William B. Coley and the Treatment of Bone and Soft-tissue Sarcomas.” The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal. Vol. 26. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. “MSK Immunotherapy — Timeline of Progress.” https://www.mskcc.org/timeline/immunotherapy-msk National Library of Medicine. “Harnessing the Power of You: The History of Immunotherapy.” https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/the-history-of-immunotherapy/index.html Nauts, Helen Coley. “Coley’s Toxins – The First Century.” Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients. June 2004. Nawrat, Allie. “Charting the history of immunotherapy, cancer treatment’s fourth pillar.” Pharmaceutical Technology. 7/28/2020. https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/features/charting-the-history-of-immunotherapy-cancer-treatments-fourth-pillar/?cf-view&cf-closed Oiseth SJ, Aziz MS. “Cancer immunotherapy: a brief review of the history, possibilities, and challenges ahead.” J Cancer Metastasis Treat. 2017;3:250-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2017.41 Tontonoz, Matthew. “What Ever Happened to Coley’s Toxins?.” Cancer Research Institute. 4/2/2015. https://www.cancerresearch.org/blog/what-ever-happened-to-coleys-toxins See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode, we will discuss critical wandering and missing persons incidents in dementia care. We delve into the risk factors, common scenarios, and outcomes of such incidents, emphasizing the importance of immediate action and preparedness.‍This episode will cover:— Definition and importance of understanding critical wandering.— Risk factors that increase the likelihood of wandering.— Common scenarios where wandering occurs.— Immediate steps to take if a person with dementia goes missing. — Case study highlighting a missing person incident.— Where people with dementia are often found, both alive and deceased.— Who often finds missing people with dementia.‍MedicAlert | https://www.medicalert.org/medical-conditions/alzheimers/REFERENCES: Rowe, M. A., Feinglass, N. G., & Wiss, M. E. (2004). Persons with dementia who become lost in the community: a case study, current research, and recommendations. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 79(11), 1417–1422. https://doi.org/10.4065/79.11.1417‍Alzheimer's Association. (2023). Wandering and getting lost: Who's at risk and how to be prepared. https://www.alz.org/media/documents/alzheimers-dementia-wandering-behavior-ts.pdf‍Rowe, M.A., Vandeveer, S.S., Greenblum, C.A. et al. Persons with dementia missing in the community: Is it wandering or something unique?. BMC Geriatr 11, 28 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-11-28‍Miguel-Cruz A, Perez H, Choi Y, Rutledge E, Daum C, Liu LThe Prevalence of Missing Incidents and Their Antecedents Among Older Adult MedicAlert Subscribers: Retrospective Descriptive StudyJMIR Aging 2024;7:e58205URL: https://aging.jmir.org/2024/1/e58205 DOI: 10.2196/58205CONNECT, GET RESOURCES, LEARN MORE, + SIMPLIFY YOUR CARE JOURNEY:LinkTree | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.letsbambu.com/b/linktree⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠MUSIC CREDIT: Listen To SpillageVillage - Tropical Landing Pop Songs At Looperman.com DISCLAIMER: The information contained in Bambu Care LLC's website, blog, emails, programs, services and/or products is for educational and informational purposes only. While we draw on our prior professional expertise and background in other areas, you acknowledge that we are supporting you in our role exclusively as a Dementia Care Consultant. By participating in Bambu Care, LLC's website, blog, emails, programs, services and/or products, you acknowledge that we are not a licensed psychologist, professional counselor, or medical doctor. We in no way, diagnose, treat, or cure any illnesses or diseases. Dementia Care Consulting is in no way to be construed or substituted as psychological counseling or any other type of therapy or medical advice. The information provided by Bambu Care, LLC also does not constitute legal or financial advice nor is intended to be. Dementia Care Consulting is not a substitute for the services of a CPA or attorney.

Ella N.I. Christoph, MD, joins CHEST® Critical Care Podcast Moderator Dan Fein, MD, to discuss her research into how clinicians and families experience patient and family engagement in the ICU.  This episode is part of a new series exploring articles published in our open access journal CHEST Critical Care.  DOI: 10.1016/j.chstcc.2026.100272 Disclaimer: The purpose of this activity is to expand the reach of CHEST content through awareness, critique, and discussion. All articles have undergone peer review for methodologic rigor and audience relevance. Any views asserted are those of the speakers and are not endorsed by CHEST. Listeners should be aware that speakers' opinions may vary and are advised to read the full corresponding journal article(s) for complete context. This content should not be used as a basis for medical advice or treatment, nor should it substitute the judgment used by clinicians in the practice of evidence-based medicine.  

Send us Fan MailIn this episode of From the Heart, Drs. Nim Goldshtrom and Adrianne Bischoff talk with Dr. Kristin Elgersma, a nurse-researcher whose path into neonatal nutrition began at her son's bedside in a cardiac ICU. A former concert pianist turned nurse-researcher, Kristin asked a question no one had: does human milk change outcomes for babies with congenital heart disease? Her multicenter PC4 study of day-by-day data from over 800 infants across 25 centers found no link between human milk and NEC, though bovine-derived formula or fortifier tripled NEC risk within five days, while higher human milk intake meant roughly nine fewer hospital days. They cover lactation support, donor milk gaps between NICUs and CICUs, and practical next steps.----Elgersma et al. Human milk feeding, fortification initiation, and clinical outcomes in neonates with critical congenital heart disease: A multi-institutional study. medRxiv 2026. DOI 10.64898/2026.08.20.26360934 (preprint, no PMID)Elgersma et al. Human milk feeding and direct breastfeeding improve outcomes for infants with single ventricle congenital heart disease: Propensity score-matched analysis of the NPC-QIC registry. J Am Heart Assoc 2023. PMID 37642030Support the showAs always, feel free to send us questions, comments, or suggestions to our email: nicupodcast@gmail.com. You can also contact the show through Instagram or Twitter, @nicupodcast. Or contact Ben and Daphna directly via their Twitter profiles: @drnicu and @doctordaphnamd. The papers discussed in today's episode are listed and timestamped on the webpage linked below.Enjoy!

Gastric ulcers are one of the first things many horse owners think of when a horse's behaviour changes, but can all behavioural problems really be blamed on Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome?In this episode, Barbara and Jen are joined by equine internal medicine specialists Dr Ben Sykes and Dr Amy Lovett to explore the complicated relationship between gastric disease, pain and behaviour in horses.Ben has an extensive clinical and research background in equine gastroenterology and Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS), while Amy is a Senior Lecturer in Equine Medicine at Charles Sturt University in Australia and a board-certified specialist in large animal internal medicine.Their paper, Can All Behavioral Problems Be Blamed on Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome?, challenges us to think beyond simple explanations when horses present with behavioural change.We talk about what behaviours might and might not tell us about gastric disease; the importance of differential diagnosis; musculoskeletal pain, saddle fit and dental disease; rider and training effects; and the danger of finding an abnormality and automatically assuming we have found the cause of the behaviour.We also explore one of the areas particularly relevant to behaviour practitioners: what happens after the pain has gone?If a horse has repeatedly experienced pain when being girthed, ridden or handled, treating the underlying disease does not necessarily erase what that horse has learned. Ben and Amy discuss pain-related anticipatory behaviour, why behavioural responses can persist after successful medical treatment, and why recovery sometimes needs to involve much more than simply treating the pathology.We also get into cognitive bias in owners and professionals, the enormous prominence gastric ulcers have acquired within the equestrian world, how vets and behaviour professionals can work together, and why asking the right question may be more useful than immediately looking for one particular diagnosis.Ben and Amy have subsequently explored this subject further alongside veterinary behaviourist Dr Mary Klinck in their clinical commentary, Incorporating a Behavioral Medicine Approach in the Multi-Modal Management of Chronic Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS), looking specifically at integrating behavioural medicine into the management of chronic and recurrent gastric disease.A fascinating conversation about ulcers but perhaps even more importantly, about pain, learning, behaviour and looking at the whole horse.Papers discussedBen Sykes & Amy Lovett (2025) Can All Behavioral Problems Be Blamed on Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome? Animals, 15(3), 306 DOI: 10.3390/ani15030306Mary Klinck, Amy Lovett & Ben Sykes (2025) Incorporating a Behavioral Medicine Approach in the Multi-Modal Management of Chronic Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS): A Clinical Commentary Animals, 15(20), 3019 DOI: 10.3390/ani15203019 Meet Your HostsBarbara Hardman (Bright Horse Equiation)www.brighthorse.ie

Last time we spoke about the battle of Hong Kong. On the night of December 18th, six Japanese battalions crossed Hong Kong harbour under cover of darkness and burning oil tanks. The Rajputs fought stubbornly but were overwhelmed by sheer numbers. Maltby fatally underestimated the assault, holding reserves against a frontal attack that never came. The breakthrough sparked a cascade of disasters. Elderly British businessmen and World War I veterans—the Hughsiliers—heroically held the North Point power station for 18 hours, delaying the entire Japanese advance. Private Geoghan, wounded but undeterred, charged a Japanese officer and killed him, incredibly surviving. The battle's focal point became Wongneichong Gap, where Brigadier Lawson died defending his headquarters. Desperate, piecemeal counter-attacks by Canadians and Scots failed amid chaos and poor coordination. Finally, a single Canadian company under Lieutenant Blackwood held the position for four days against overwhelming odds, killing over 200 enemy soldiers before surrendering. The Japanese suffered 800 casualties but seized the island's strategic heart.   #218 The Battle of Hong Kong Part 3: Black Christmas Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. By dawn on December 20, the Japanese Army had consolidated its position across Hong Kong Island. The 1/229th and 2/228th prepared to sweep southeastward from Taitam and Saiwan toward Stanley. The 2/229th and 3/229th, positioned near Stanley Gap, readied themselves to advance toward Repulse Bay. East of Wongneichong Gap, the 1/228th poised for the push toward Deep Water Bay, while the 3/228th, one of the original reserve battalions, had just arrived on the northern shore. On Jardine's Lookout, two fresh battalions—the 1/230th and 2/230th—prepared to advance westward across the gap. The West Brigade, meanwhile, held a fragile, ill-defined line: Z Company of the 1st Middlesex and Rajput survivors at Leighton Hill in the north, the 2 Royal Scots on the northern slopes of Mount Nicholson, and the Winnipeg Grenadiers, minus D Company, still clinging to pillboxes at Wongneichong Gap. The 228th Regiment moved first, tasked with clearing Postbridge House of its remaining defenders. Simultaneously, the 229th dispatched reconnaissance teams past Violet Hill toward the cliffs overlooking Repulse Bay Hotel—that opulent five-star resort now transformed into an impromptu fortress sheltering evacuees, soldiers, and sailors. What awaited was an epic three-day siege. Despite their gains, the Japanese later confessed that British resistance proved far stiffer than anticipated. They spent much of the 20th consolidating positions and bringing up supplies rather than pressing forward. Maltby, determined not to cede the initiative, dispatched a Royal Rifles company and two HKVDC platoons to the hotel with orders to attack the Gap from the south via Violet Hill. They recaptured the garages and outhouses but lacked the artillery support necessary to advance further. Growing anxious, Maltby sent a desperately weak platoon of the 2/14 Punjab—only 25 men—to reinforce them and push along the southern coast. Colonel Kidd, commanding the Punjab regiment, personally led an assault on Shouson Hill to link up with besieged sailors. He was killed in the attempt, and the mixed force of sailors and Punjabis fell back with severe losses. By the 22nd, after pressing forward from Shouson Hill, the Japanese seized Brick Hill and systematically beheaded all survivors. Yet the Japanese conquest contained stubborn pockets that refused to crumble. The HKSRA gunners held one end of Brick Hill. A ragtag force of HKVDC, naval personnel, Canadians, and Middlesex under Major Dewar maintained Little Hong Kong's ammunition store. HMS Cicala, providing artillery support from Deep Water Bay, was struck from the air and scuttled, eventually sinking in the Lamma Channel. Colonel H. B. Rose, the HKVDC commander, assumed control of the West Brigade following Brigadier Lawson's death. He spent much of the 20th preparing an ambitious counter-attack: the 2 Royal Scots and Winnipeg Grenadiers would drive toward the Gap from the west, supported by B Company of the Grenadiers, brought up from Pokfulam on the island's western coast. The operation commenced poorly. B Company arrived late to find that the Royal Scots had already departed Mount Nicholson's eastern slopes for reasons no one could later explain. The Grenadiers attacked alone through pitch darkness and torrential rain, splitting into two groups that circled Mount Nicholson from opposite directions, meeting above the Gap at dawn. Colonel Doi's tactical instinct struck again. Observing the undefended summit of Mount Nicholson—lost through British inattention—he seized the moment. That afternoon, under cover of heavy rain, he ordered the 1/228th in a three-company formation to take the position without opposition. When B Company blundered into the Japanese, a savage close-quarters battle erupted that cost the Grenadiers all their officers, seven NCOs, and 29 men. Overwhelmed, B Company retreated to Mount Nicholson's western slope as Doi prepared to exploit his success and assault Mount Cameron. At dawn on the 21st, Wallis proposed a new coordinated attack on the Gap. Major T. G. MacAuley of the Royal Rifles led a combined force of Canadian and HKVDC troops from Stanley Mount at 0915 hours. Accurate mortar fire from Red Hill met them immediately. Hand-to-hand combat erupted at Bridge Hill and Notting Hill before the force could push toward the Gap via Violet Hill. By 1700 hours, MacAuley and all HKVDC officers were wounded. Wallis ordered withdrawal. That same morning at 1030 hours, the Japanese launched a second amphibious assault, driving toward Victoria City itself and reaching the east side of what is now Victoria Park. The anti-aircraft gun at Watson's factory in Causeway Bay was silenced. The naval yard suffered devastating mortar bombardment; all its guns fell silent. Major C. R. Templer, assigned to command at Repulse Bay, had successfully repulsed numerous probing attacks. When ordered to assault the Gap with two platoons of Canadian infantry and two HKVDC machine-gun sections, he encountered such overwhelming Japanese force that he abandoned the operation and withdrew beyond Middle Ridge. By dawn on the 22nd, the Japanese finally established heavy artillery on Hong Kong Island. Two battalions of the 229th concentrated on Repulse Bay Hotel. The divisional reserves—1/229th and 1/230th—deployed against the East Brigade as it fell back to its last bastion: Stanley Peninsula. Stanley's defenses were organized in three concentric zones. The forward area, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Home, comprised elements of the 1st Middlesex, Royal Rifles companies, and HKVDC troops, supported by a single 2-pounder gun. Stanley village, under Lieutenant Colonel Wilcox, held the second line with artillery pieces and mixed infantry. A final reserve at Stanley Hill and Fort, under Lieutenant Colonel Shaw, contained the last of the artillery and the 1st and 2nd HKVDC batteries. To the west, British forces barely held their positions. The 2/14 Punjab, 1st Middlesex, 4/7 Rajputs, Royal Scots, and Winnipeg Grenadiers stretched along Mount Cameron and the northern heights—a thin, exhausted line facing Japanese battalions concentrated along a kilometer-long front. At noon on the 22nd, Japanese forces attacked Stanley Mound and Sugarloaf, held by B Company of the Royal Rifles augmented with platoons from HQ and D Companies. Despite multiple repulses, ammunition shortages forced the Canadians to retire to the southern slopes. The situation at Repulse Bay Hotel deteriorated daily, yet Major Templer continued to hold against repeated assaults. As Christmas Eve dawned, all defenders faced grim circumstances. The Royal Rifles of Canada, shattered from bearing the brunt of Japanese attacks, withdrew into Stanley Fort—but not before a heated confrontation between Lieutenant Colonel Home and Brigadier Wallis in which the Canadians bitterly accused their comrades of not "pulling their weight." In the evening of december 21st, Lt Colonel Home, now the senior surviving Canadian officer, spoke to Lt Colonel Sutcliffe, learning about the plight of the Winnipeg grenadiers trying to hold the crest of Mount Cameron. Sutcliffe reported that "his battalion was decimated and yet the high command was ordering his men to make counter attacks. So he asked Home if he could not do something to stop what he considered a useless waste of lives." Home took this to heart and began to inform Brigadier Wallis that he wanted to see the Governor. He said to Wallis "his battalion was exhausted; further resistance would only result in the waste of valuable Canadian lives; as senior Canadian officer he felt a grave responsibility" Wallis persuaded Home to wait until morning. Home the next morning was more than ever convinced of the futility of resistance. Its important to note the relationship between senior Canadians and British officers were all but poisoned in Hong Kong, let alone imagine how the Indian or Chinese volunteer forces felt. The Canadians distrusted the British commanders who for the most part got everything wrong in the whole damn operation. Home was threatening a separate Canadian surrender as they had lost confidence in Brigadier Wallis of the east brigade, Maltby and other British staff officers. It seemed to the Canadians they were being sacrificed to ensure the honor of the garrison. As Royal Rifles Major John H price put it  " There were plenty of Canadian officers who had battle experience in the first war who were competent to judge as to the possibility of a successful outcome of the defence of the island. Consider the facts - The Island had been split in two by vastly superior Japanese forces. On the eastern brigade front, which included the Stanley Peninsula, the Royal Rifles and one company of the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Force were the only troops who had fought continuously day and night, without rest, since the landing on the 17th and were still carrying all the fighting. By the 21st they had been greatly reduced in fighting strength and by the 23rd to a strength of around 500 all ranks. (It might be interesting to note that when troops in this sector were marched out of Stanley fort as Prisoners of War, they numbered over 2000). It required no great military genius to predict the outcome of the battle once the Japanese had landed on the island with their control of sea and air and great superiority in weapons and men. He felt, I think rightly, that he would be derelict in his duty to his men and to the Canadian Government if he did not communicate his conclusions to the highest authority. Also neither Home nor his officers had any faith in Brig. Wallis' judgement or in his conduct of operations. And who had better right than he had? He and his men were bearing the brunt of the fighting and knew from first hand knowledge the strength and armament of the forces against them. The Higher Command had consistently shown an inability to grasp realities of the situation and to pursue tactics which might have prolonged the struggle but could not have altered the final result."  Stanley's defenses were reorganized into multiple lines. HKVDC companies held scattered positions at Chung Honkok, near the police station, and throughout the village. The 1st Middlesex manned pillboxes with medium machine guns. The second defensive line crossed Stanley Peninsula near St Stephen's College, defended by British, Chinese, and Indian policemen alongside HKVDC troops under Corporal E. C. Drown—all senior officers and NCOs having fallen. The final reserve stretched across St Stephen's Prep School north of the prison, held by Sergeant Murphy's HKVDC section and Captain F. G. Rees's 1st Battery HKVDC. By this stage, prison staff, wardens, and inmates had been pressed into the HKVDC. Among them was "Crumb" Chattey, a former captain of the 1st Middlesex serving a court-martial sentence for homosexual offences under the law of the time. Chattey assumed command of forty jailers and assorted men, including the colony executioner, who mounted a spirited defense. Japanese forces massed on Taitam Road with obvious intent to crush Stanley's remaining defense. Their first assault failed but destroyed two 18-pounders and two 2-pounder guns. Shortly before 2100 hours, a second attack commenced, this time supported by three tankettes. Two were destroyed by 2-pounders, yet No. 2 HKVDC Company was forced back to Stanley village with most of its men lost. Major H. R. Forsyth, the company commander, was recommended for a Victoria Cross for his stubborn defense against overwhelming odds. After midnight, a pillbox manned by C Company of the 1st Middlesex was overrun; Sergeant Sheehan and most of his crew were killed. The HKVDC line fractured. During all of this chaos, at midnight of the the Japanese made it to the field hospital at St Stephens College and this is where our story is going to take one of its darkest turns. In the early hours of Christmas day, the Japanese approached St Stephen's hospital which held approximately 96 wounded soldiers. Doctors and nurses stepped forward to surrender. Two doctors in charge, Lt Dr Colonel Black and his second in command Captain Dr Witney Barred the front door and Black called out 'You can't come in here' 'this is a hospital'. With deliberate aim, one of the Japanese soldiers raised his rifle and shot the doctor through the head.The Japanese mob then surged into the hospital ward, the body of Dr Black was repeatedly bayoneted as he lay at the door. The Japanese proceeded to enter the building and a massacre of unprecedented ferocity took place. The Japanese ripped the bandages off the wounded patients and plunged their bayonets into the amputated arms and legs before finishing them off with a bullet. In half an hour fifty-six wounded soldiers had been massacred while the nursing staff looked on helplessly.  They cut off ears, gouged out eyes, beat and raped the nurses. I want to read to you some testimony made by Sister Miss Amelia Fleming Gordon who witnessed what we now call the St Stephens College Massacre, something probably unknown to many outside Canada or Hong Kong. "Just before dawn there was a terrific howl and shortly afterwards Japanese arrived in large numbers at the front entrance. Captain Scotcher was pulled out and shortly afterwards he instructed me to come out and put my hands above my head. They took my steel helmet and cracked me over the head with it, searched my pockets, took off my red cross band and removed my watch that I had. They shouted for everyone to come out and everyone did except Sgt Parkin, who attempted to run past but was shot dead. We were marched single file into one of the adjacent classrooms, the patients also being brought in. Here we remained for about an hour or two, crowded and huddled together with no room to lie or sit down. Several of our patients between 50 to 60 I imagine were killed during the day. After 2 hours we were marched in single file upstairs and saw dead bodies and blood covering the stairs. We were then put into different classrooms, I went into a small room with four VADS (Mrs smith, Mrs Begg, Mrs Buxton and Mrs Simmons) where there were 5 chinese women. At 4:30m some Japanese soldiers came in and removed Mrs Smith, Begg and Buxton, I never saw them again. One of the Chinese girls told Mrs Simmons they had taken out the 3 women to kill them and would return for us. We were later ordered to bandage wounded Japanese soldiers. They took us to another room overlooking the tennis court, where there were five dead bodies of Red Cross personnel. We were made to sit on these dead bodies. I and Mrs Fideo were taken to other rooms. In my room there were two dead bodies, and I was made to take off all my clothes whilst they removed theirs. Before touching me they apparently became afraid someone was coming and made me put my clothes on again and I was returned to the room where Mrs Simmons and Mrs Andrews-Levinge still were. Mrs Fideo joined us almost immediately in a weeping state and told us she had been raped. We were left in peace for a short time only, 3 soldiers came in and took me in a small adjacent bathroom, knocked me down and all raped me one after the other, and then let me return. Mrs Fideo was then taken and underwent a similar experience. Both Mrs Fideo and I were then taken out a second time and raped as before Mrs Simmons and Mrs Andrews-levigne remained untouched. We were all now desperate and discovering there was a Yale lock on the door we pulled it locking ourselves in. They returned several times during the night but did not force an entrance."   Rifle man Sydney Skelton of "D" company of the Royal Rifles had this to say. ""The Japs stormed the hospital throwing grenades and bayoneting the wounded. I had rolled under a bed and lay as still as I could. A Jap turned me over, kicked me in the face, and tore off my bandages. I didn't move, or make a sound. The guy must have thought I was dead and took off. I heard screams coming from outside, terrible screams I can still hear in my head twenty years later. I saw a Jap coming into the hospital and take men outside at random. One of the wounded they dragged from his bed, cut off his ears, and ripped out his tongue. Then they took him outside and shot him. There was a lull in the din and he heard a British officer shout: "If you can walk or crawl to the door you may be allowed to live."  At this point Skelton tried to crawl to the door: "I was really confused from the anesthetic and I started to crawl, dragging my blanket, towards the door. A guy just ahead of me, a Hong Kong Volunteer, with a clasp knife in his belt, but his hands raised, was bayoneted as soon as he went out the door. The Padre grabbed me and slapped me to my senses. I'm alive today, thanks to him." A Japanese officer entered the hospital, saw Skelton with his wounds bleeding. He tore off Skelton's watch, hit him with the flat side of his sword and ordered him to go upstairs. Though badly wounded, Skelton crawled up the stairs and into a room that would be his prison for the next two days. Skelton spent nearly four years as a captive, first in Hong Kong and later in Japan where he worked as a slave labourer in a coal mine. Somehow, he made it home, where he lived in Scarsboro, Ontario. In a 1961 interview, he said: "Twenty years have passed, but I can never forget Christmas, 1941." On Christmas morning, Brigadier Wallis ordered C Company of the Royal Rifles of Canada to lead a counter-attack retaking the bungalows on Stanley village's ridge. Lieutenant Colonel Home refused. Wallis deployed D Company of the Winnipeg Grenadiers under Major Parker instead. At 1300 hours, the attack went in without artillery support. The 18th Platoon under Sergeant McDonnell penetrated to Stanley village, inflicting heavy casualties in savage hand-to-hand combat, but was eventually driven back to the fort. Of 148 men who attacked, only 44 answered roll call at day's end. Urban defense collapsed in stages. Using mines and a Bofors 40-millimeter gun in an anti-personnel role, the 230th Regiment pushed into Wanchai, held up briefly at the China Fleet Club. At Wanchai Market, an 18-pounder was destroyed. Japanese forces reached the Naval Dockyard's western boundary. The Rajputs fell back west of the racecourse. Mount Parish fell, opening the final approach to Victoria City. Back on December 21st, General Maltby sent a communique to the war office indicated that resistance was almost at an end. According to Sir John Kennedy, the director of Military operations in London "We had to decide whether to order the troops to fight it out or give the Governor permission to surrender as he wished to do... the psychological aspect was of overriding importance, particularly with an Oriental enemy. If we fought to the last round and the last man at Hong Kong, we should gain an indirect military advantage, in that the Japanese would judge our powers of resistance elsewhere by the same standard. Therefore my opinion was that, although it was an unpleasant decision, the garrison should be told to fight it out.". When Prime Minister Churchill was informed he sent a typical churchillian message "there must be no thought of surrender..the enemy must be compelled to expend the utmost life and equipment. There must be vigorous fighting in the inner defenses, and, if need be, from house to house. Every day that you are able to maintain your resistance will help the allied cause". Both the Governor and General had little choice but to agree, on Christmas the governors message was "fight on. Hold fast for king and empire".  By the afternoon it was clear further resistance was futile. At 1530 hours on December 25, Governor Young officially surrendered. A white flag rose over the colony. Young and Major General Maltby crossed Victoria Harbour from Queen's Pier to meet General Sakai at the Peninsula Hotel, renamed "Toa" by its new occupants. It was the first occasion on which a British Crown Colony had surrendered to an invading force. The garrison had held out for 17 days, the day is known in Hong Kong as "black christmas". Lieutenant Colonel R. G. Lamb and Lieutenant J. T. Prior descended from Fortress Headquarters to Stanley to order Brigadier Wallis to lay down arms. Wallis refused without written confirmation. When Major Harland arrived with official orders, Wallis finally capitulated. At 0230 hours on December 26, 1941, he and 2,000 men crossed the lines in surrender. Two days later, on the 28th, the Japanese staged a 2,000-man victory parade led by Lieutenant General Sano on a white horse. While the general paraded, his troops—officially granted three days of "rest and recreation"—embarked on systematic rape and pillage across the fallen colony. Rear-Admiral Chan Chak arrived in Hong Kong in 1938 as an unlikely businessman—General Manager of a stockbroker's firm—but his true role was far more consequential. The one-legged Chinese admiral commanded the Military Mission tasked with coordinating China's war effort with British operations. Working seamlessly with the police special branch and intelligence services, Chan orchestrated a shadow campaign against Japanese sympathizers and traitors, drawing on a network of Nationalist agents, many of whom carried Triad connections. His inner circle included Col. Yee Shiu Kee of Chinese intelligence (posing as an insurance salesman), Lt. Cdr. Henry Hsu as aide-de-camp, and Coxswain Yeung Chuen as bodyguard. As Governor Young prepared to sign the unconditional surrender on Christmas afternoon 1941, Chan received permission to lead an escape attempt. The 2nd MTB Flotilla—vessels MTBs 7, 9, 10, 11 and 27—waited in hiding near Aberdeen Island, but Chan's perilous journey through Victoria's ruins delayed his arrival. Finding the MTBs absent, he boarded HMS Cornflower II instead, only to come under withering machine-gun fire as the launch attempted to reach open water. Abandon ship was called. Chan removed his wooden leg and surrendered his lifebuoy to his non-swimming bodyguard, diving into the chaos with Lt. Cdr. Hsu. Almost immediately, a Japanese bullet tore through Chan's wrist—a crippling wound for a one-armed, one-legged swimmer fighting through hostile fire. The Japanese, sensing they had their quarry, ignited the hillside grass with tracer rounds to drive the men back into the sea. Col. Yee remained aboard the bullet-riddled vessel and was last seen attempting to hide; he would eventually make his way to unoccupied China after several harrowing days. The other escapees scattered across Aberdeen Island in desperation. Hearing the gunfire from their concealment on the far side of the island, the MTBs approached cautiously, rescuing survivors as they went. By 2130 hours on Christmas Day, sixty-eight survivors were racing toward Mirs Bay to rendezvous with Communist guerrillas. There the MTBs were scuttled after valuables were salvaged, and the escape party was welcomed as heroes and guided safely to Huizhou in unoccupied China. This dramatic flight marked the first of many escapes and signaled the beginning of Allied cooperation with the Chinese Communist forces. As British forces withdrew from Kowloon, a new force emerged from the shadows. The Guangdong People's Anti-Japanese Guerrillas East River Column (ERC)—a battle-hardened Communist organization founded in 1938—took up the struggle against the Japanese invaders. The ERC had consolidated various local anti-Japanese forces that sprang up after Guangzhou fell to Japan, anchoring itself on two formidable core units: Zeng Sheng's Baoan People's Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Main Force and Wang Zuorao's East Baoan regiment. By the eve of Hong Kong's invasion, the Third and Fifth Column fielded fifteen hundred fighters—seasoned veterans who had waged three years of resistance across Guangdong Province. Even as the British capitulated, Chinese Hongkongers—farmers and fishermen mostly—took up arms alongside their Communist allies. By year's end, over one hundred ERC members operated clandestinely in Hong Kong. In February 1942, to better organize this growing force, the HKKIB was formally established under Cai Guoliang's command, with Political Commissar Chen Daming answering to Zeng Sheng as overall commander of the ERC. The ERC's first mission was audacious in scope: rescue prominent Chinese and foreign VIPs trapped in Hong Kong. While China burned, the colony had remained a haven for industrialists, politicians, authors and dignitaries fleeing the war—now all vulnerable to Japanese occupation. Between December 1941 and June 1942, the ERC spirited over eight hundred key figures past Japanese lines to safety, while simultaneously escorting more than two thousand overseas Chinese volunteers eager to join the anti-Japanese war effort. The guerrillas also became architects of POW liberation. In March 1942, when British prisoners were forced to labor at Kai Tak Airport, the ERC deployed English-speaking operatives disguised as street vendors to infiltrate the airfield and extract Captain Thompson and four comrades through the rainwater culvert system. Among notable rescues were Lt. Col. Ride of the HKVDC (who would establish the British Army Aid Group), naval officers including Lt. J. W. Hurston of the Royal Navy, artillery officer Lt. G. D. Clagne, Indian soldiers such as Lashkar Singh and Mehnga Singh, and key civilians: the HSBC banker T. J. J. Fenwick, Police Superintendent W. P. Thompson, and foreign nationals—Russians, Danes, Norwegians—who found sanctuary in the unoccupied interior. Most were escorted to safety in China, but two Royal Scots soldiers—Joseph Gallaher and Daniel Hodges—remained with the ERC for six weeks, training guerrilla fighters in the use of British weapons and medium machine guns. These two Scottish soldiers became among the few Westerners to fight alongside Chinese Communist forces, a testament to the bonds forged in shared struggle against the Japanese occupier.   The casualty figures for Hong Kong remain contested. General Maltby's immediate post-war reports claimed 2,123 defenders dead or missing with 1,332 wounded, but these were later deemed inflated. The Chief Signal Officer, imprisoned after the surrender, compiled a more credible tally: 2,721 dead and missing. Modern estimates place military casualties around 1,600, including medical personnel from St John Ambulance. Civilian losses proved far grimmer—estimates suggest approximately 7,000 killed. Japanese records tell a different story. The Defence Agency historical section documented 1,720 Japanese deaths, while the Japanese occupation authority's own newspaper, Hong Kong News, reported 1,966 dead and 6,000 wounded on 29 December 1941. On 20 February 1942, Major-General Isogai Rensuke took office as Governor, commanding occupation forces under Brigadier Okada Umekichi. Three independent infantry regiments and supporting artillery maintained control of the colony. The occupiers' brutality would not escape Allied judgment. Major-General Ito, commander of the division's infantry, faced war crimes convictions. More prominently, Lieutenant-General Sakai, the 38th Army's commander and temporary governor, was tried, convicted, and executed by firing squad in 1946. Major-General Isogai received life imprisonment for war crimes but was released in 1967. Lieutenant-General Tanaka, final Japanese Governor and commander of the 23rd Army, was executed in 1947. Of the senior commanders, only Vice-Admiral Niimi survived the war, living to age 106.  General Maltby endured captivity throughout the East, moving from Hong Kong to Shanghai and Taiwan, finally reaching a camp near the Chinese-Mongolian border before repatriation from Shenyang (Mukden). His tenure received no official recognition despite the stubborn defense he had mounted. Lieutenant-Colonel White of the 2 Royal Scots survived internment but died shortly after returning to Britain, his health shattered by cancer. Governor Young resumed office in late 1946, attributing the colony's rapid loss to insufficient Chinese support for the British war effort. His attempts to introduce representative government alarmed London, which promptly replaced him with Sir Robert Black. Young retired in 1947. Maltby, too, retired from the Army soon afterward, also without honor. Not all were forgotten. Rear-Admiral Chan received an honorary KBE from British Ambassador Sir Horace Seymour. Colonel Yee was granted an honorary CBE, and Lieutenant-Commander Henry Hsu an honorary OBE. Hsu, a gifted athlete, became a member of the International Olympic Committee representing Chinese Taipei. Lieutenant-Colonel Stewart of 1 Middlesex died from illness in 1942. Three HKRNVR men—Petty Officer J. W. Fallace, W. C. Johnstone, and civilian Arthur Evans—escaped from the Lisbon Maru and reached Chongqing (Chunking). Of 1,834 POWs aboard that transport, only 716 returned home. Lieutenant Walda, responsible for brutal treatment of prisoners, died before sentencing; Captain Koyda, the Lisbon Maru's commander, received seven years' imprisonment. The British authorities formally acknowledged the East River Column's role—without its aid, no escapee would have survived the treacherous journey to freedom. When future Prime Minister James Callaghan raised questions in Parliament, the government responded with generous monetary awards, free medical care, and employment opportunities for survivors and their families. Many settled in the United Kingdom; others remained to serve in public and private sectors until Hong Kong's return to China in 1997, when the ERC liaison office became the local branch of the New China News Agency. Zeng Sheng, the ERC commander, rose to become Deputy Chief of Staff of the South China Military Region, then Deputy Provincial Governor and Mayor of Guangzhou. Purged during the Cultural Revolution, he was rehabilitated and became Minister of Communication in 1979. He died in Guangzhou in November 1995. One hundred twenty-eight HKVDC members, forty-nine soldiers of the British Army, and fifty personnel from transport and civil defense units escaped to Free China. The RAF transported them to Assam, then Calcutta, via the British Army Aid Group. The first groups joined the 9th Battalion of the Border Regiment at Fort William; the third and fourth joined the 1st Battalion of the Gloucestershire Regiment. Initially relegated to non-combatant roles, their fortunes changed when Brigadier Michael Calvert—who had served in pre-war Hong Kong commanding the Chinese Sappers—called for volunteers to fight the Japanese in Burma. All stepped forward. After months of intensive training, they were formally enrolled on 14 February 1943 as the Hong Kong Volunteer Company, integrated into Wingate's legendary Chindits, where they would see action deep behind Japanese lines in the jungles of Burma. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me.   During Hong Kong's 1941 Christmas invasion, Japanese forces committed atrocities against wounded soldiers and nurses. After seventeen days of brutal resistance, Governor Young surrendered on December 25th. Rear-Admiral Chan Chak escaped through machine-gun fire, while the East River Column guerrillas conducted daring rescues, extracting over 800 VIPs and 2,000 volunteers to safety in unoccupied China.          

Ich habe kürzlich auf einer Konferenz Dr. Patrick Schüffel kennengelernt, auf der er über Central Bank Digital Currencies gesprochen hat. Daraus hat sich diese Episode entwickelt, weil mir klar geworden ist, wie ich im Gespräch auch erwähne, dass ich das für unsere moderne Gesellschaft fundamentale Werkzeug »Geld« noch nie richtig thematisiert habe. Dr. Patrick Schüffel ist Adjunct Professor an der Hochschule für Wirtschaft in Fribourg mit den Forschungsschwerpunkten Banking, Fintech und Krypto. Parallel dazu ist er als Berater und Gründer im Banken- und Fintech-Umfeld tätig. Zuvor war er viele Jahre im Bankwesen in Zürich und Liechtenstein beschäftigt, unter anderem auch als Chief Operating Officer der Saxo Bank (Schweiz). Dieses Gespräch ist ein gutes Beispiel dafür, wie ich das Konzept dieses Podcasts verstehe. Ich versuche Themen aufzugreifen, die einen wesentlichen Anker in der Vergangenheit haben, aktuell bedeutsam sind und deren zukünftige Entwicklung für uns als Menschheit wesentlich ist. All diese Aspekte sind in der heutigen Folge unbedingt gegeben. Unterstützen Sie bitte auch dieses Projekt und kaufen Sie mein neues Buch Hexenmeister oder Zauberlehrling? Die Wissensgesellschaft in der Krise, das sich grundsätzlicher und mit vielen Beispielen mit der Krise auseinandersetzt, in die unsere Wissensgesellschaft geraten ist. Eine Krise, die — wie Sie auch an dieser Episode sehen werden — weitreichende und negative Auswirkungen haben kann. Dieser Podcast ist explizit keine Vermögens- oder Anlageberatung. Wir sprechen über Szenarien und geben keinerlei Ratschläge, wie Sie Ihr eigenes Geld anlegen oder Ihr Vermögen handhaben sollten. Warum habe ich in fast 160 Episoden eigentlich noch nie über Geld im engeren Sinne gesprochen? Was also war und ist Geld, und was wird es in der Zukunft sein? Ist Geld, obwohl alltäglich, doch ein blinder Fleck in der Gesellschaft? Welche Funktionen und Charakteristika erfüllt »Geld«? »Geld ist, worauf sich zwei Parteien verständigen, dass es Geld ist.« Seit wann kann man in der menschlichen Geschichte von Geld sprechen? Was bedeutet der Übergang vom Metall- zum Token-Geld? Welche Folgen hatte das? Wann und wie sind Banknoten entstanden? Was repräsentierten Banknoten in der Vergangenheit und was repräsentieren sie heute? Was bedeutete die Aufkündigung des Bretton-Woods-Abkommens ab den 1970er Jahren? Was versteht man unter »Fiat-Geld«? Auf welchen realen Wert bezieht sich Fiat-Geld in der Praxis? Ist Geld eine Serie von Abstraktionen und sind wir heute zu weit gegangen? Welche Rolle spielt heute die Digitalisierung in der Virtualisierung von Geld? »Inflation ist so alt wie das Staatswesen.« Inflation hatte aber nicht immer nur mit politischer Einflussnahme zu tun. Auch privates »Clipping« war eine Manipulation in der Vergangenheit — was den Rand von Münzen bis heute erklärt. Was ist der Wirkradius, die Einflusssphäre von Fiat-Geld? Was hatte es mit den Company Towns in den Vereinigten Staaten auf sich, mit Geld in Besatzungszonen, mit Notgeldern? Was haben heute Bits und Bytes als Repräsentation mit Geld zu tun? Sind aktuelle Entwicklungen wie etwa Krypto-Währungen eine neue Form von Abstraktion oder im Grunde nur alter Wein in neuen Schläuchen? Was sind Smart Contracts? Warum handelt es sich dabei mit Sicherheit um eine neue »Fähigkeit« von digitalem Geld, die es in der Vergangenheit so nicht gab? Ist jede Form von Geld dynamisch stabilisiert? Was bedeutet dies systemisch? Ergänzung beziehungsweise Korrektur zum Aluminium-Beispiel, das ich in der Episode erwähne: Die Geschichte mit dem Aluminium-Geschirr ist oft erzählt, aber schlecht belegt. Tatsächlich wurde Aluminium aber in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts, etwa von Napoleon III., als Statussymbol verwendet, insofern ist die Geschichte im Kern korrekt. Mit der aufkommenden industriellen Produktion war die Zeit dieses »Wertmetalls« dann sehr schnell zu Ende. Was gewinnen und was verlieren wir, wenn wir alleinstehende Artefakte wie Gold, Silber oder Bargeld gegen Zahlungsmittel tauschen, die auf eine große technische Infrastruktur angewiesen sind? Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Eigentum und Besitz sowie Herrschaftsrecht bei verschiedenen Zahlungsmitteln? Was bedeutet diese Unterscheidung vor allem bei den gerade aufkommenden digitalen Zentralbankgeldern — Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)? »Digitales Bargeld ist meiner Ansicht nach ein Oxymoron. Das gibt es nicht.« Aber wurde Eigentum in unseren Gesellschaften nicht schon auf viel grundsätzlicherer Ebene beschränkt oder gar beschädigt — etwa bei Landbesitz? Aber, aus der Lebenspraxis betrachtet, ist Bargeld nicht schlicht veraltet und stirbt ohnedies aus? Was bedeutet Debanking? In Deutschland werden allerdings keine Statistiken geführt, in UK gab es 400.000 Personen, deren Konten gegen ihren Willen gekündigt wurden. Wir erinnern uns auch noch an die Fälle von Kontosperrungen, bei denen rund 8 Mio. CAD der friedlichen Trucker-Proteste in Kanada gesperrt wurden, sowie an den Fall des deutschen Journalisten Ulrich Heyden, der als Individuum wegen vermeintlicher Propaganda debanked wurde. Aber es geht nicht nur um Konto-Kündigungen, sondern auch um die selektive Einflussnahme auf einzelne Transaktionen, die durch Programmierbarkeit von Geld entstehen kann. Daraus entsteht ein ungeheuer wirkmächtiger Werkzeugkasten für autoritär agierende Politik oder Verwaltung. »Die EZB sagt, der digitale Euro wird nicht programmierbar sein. Er wird konditionierbar sein. […] Mit der Infrastruktur allerdings, die gebaut wird, kann man später auch das Geld programmieren.« Mit digitaler Währung kann man prinzipiell in Zukunft Konsumentengruppen kleinteilig in ihrem Verhalten steuern. Manche Ökonomen beschreiben dies explizit als Vorteil. Ist dies ein weiteres Puzzlestück einer etatistischen, total kontrollierten und gesteuerten Wirtschaft und totaler politischer Überwachung? Was ist der Schleier des Unwissens? »Was kann der schlimmstmögliche Herrscher, der uns mal zukünftig bestimmt, mit dieser Technologie machen? Wie kann er sie gegen uns einsetzen?« Was könnte der Effekt solcher Technologien sein? »Menschen werden versuchen, sich willfährig zu verhalten. […] Ein gewisser vorauseilender Gehorsam wird sich etablieren.« Aber es gibt noch einen Hoffnungsschimmer — worin liegt dieser? Ergänzend zum Thema Geld spielen auch Tokens, die Tokenisierung der Welt, eine immer größere Rolle. »Ich kann jeden Gegenstand, der in der realen Welt existiert, als einen String von Bits und Bytes verbriefen, besitzen und übertragen.« Stablecoins sind eine Technologie, die Token repräsentiert und die andere Werte verbrieft. Sogar Dienstleistungen können so verbrieft werden. Was bedeutet dies konkret? Ist dies eine positive oder negative Entwicklung? Könnten damit Alternativwährungen etabliert werden, die politischem Zugriff weitgehend entzogen und in der Realwirtschaft verankert sind? Werden bestehende Konzepte schlicht auf eine andere technische Plattform gehoben, oder ergeben sich hier völlig neue Möglichkeiten? Wie kann es sein, dass Geldwertstabilität gar nicht mehr eine Priorität von Notenbanken ist, sondern Entwertung zum Standard erklärt wird? Kann es einen Wettbewerb um das beste Geld geben, damit diese Manipulationen zum Schaden der Bürger ein Ende finden? Friedrich Hayek forderte schon eine Entnationalisierung des Geldes. »Es ist höchst ungerecht, vor allem auch gegenüber Menschen mit geringerem Einkommen.« Welche Rolle spielt KI als neue Technologie, die in ungleichem Umfang die Wirtschaft in der Zukunft beeinflussen könnte? Was ist die Währung der KI? »In Zukunft wird es im Geldwesen fundamentale Änderungen geben, die komplett dem entgegengehen, was wir heute als Geld verstehen.« Kommt es hier zu einer neuen Ressourcenbindung zu Energie und Infrastruktur? Eine Ressourcenbindung, die viele Staaten nicht werden bereitstellen können? Was können wir konkret noch tun, um die Situation zu verbessern? Andere Episoden Episode 157: Kollektivismus oder Freiheit? Ein Gespräch mit Oliver Gorus Episode 155: Freiheit oder Sicherheit? Ein Gespräch mit Prof. Konrad Paul Liessmann Episode 144: Was ist Fortschritt? Ein Gespräch mit Dr. Daniel Stelter aus ökonomischer Perspektive Episode 141: Passagier oder Steuermann? Ein Gespräch mit Markus Raunig Episode 138: Im Windschatten der Narrative, ein Gespräch mit Ralf M. Ruthardt Episode 135: Friedrich Hayek und die Beschränktheit der menschlichen Vernunft. Ein Gespräch mit Nickolas Emrich Episode 133: Desinformiere Dich! Ein Gespräch mit Jakob Schirrmacher Episode 131: Wot Se Fack, Deutschland? Ein Gespräch mit Vince Ebert Episode 130: Populismus und (Ordo)liberalismus, ein Gespräch mit Nils Hesse Episode 117: Der humpelnde Staat, ein Gespräch mit Prof. Christoph Kletzer Episode 107: How to Organise Complex Societies? A Conversation with Johan Norberg Episode 88: Liberalismus und Freiheitsgrade, ein Gespräch mit Prof. Christoph Möllers Episode 77: Freie Privatstädte, ein Gespräch mit Dr. Titus Gebel Referenzen LinkedIn-Profil von Patrick Schueffel Der wissenschaftliche Vergleich Digitaler Euro vs. physisches Bargeld: Patrick Schueffel, »Can CBDC Mimic Cash? A Deep Dive into the Digital Euro Case«, Journal of Risk and Financial Management 18(7), 394, MDPI (2025), DOI: 10.3390/jrfm18070394: Das Ganze auf allgemeinverständlichem Deutsch Patrick Schueffel, Schneller als gedacht: Die Einführung des Digitalen Euro im Turbo-Modus (2023) Patrick Schueffel, Die politische Komponente von CBDC (2024) Company Scrip (Wikipedia) Bitcoin: Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System (2008) Ethereum: Vitalik Buterin, Ethereum Whitepaper: A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform (2014) Napoleon III. verwendet Aluminium als Statussymbol (ca. 1850er Jahre): Thierry Renaux, »La naissance de l'industrie de l'aluminium sous le Second Empire«, in: Éric Anceau und Pierre Branda (Hrsg.), Napoléon III et l'économie, CNRS Éditions (2024), S. 131–147 Friedrich A. von Hayek, Entnationalisierung des Geldes. Eine Analyse der Theorie und Praxis konkurrierender Umlaufsmittel, J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen (1977); englisches Original: Denationalisation of Money, Institute of Economic Affairs, London (1976) Schleier des Unwissens: John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, Harvard University Press (1971) Alexander Schatten, Hexenmeister oder Zauberlehrling? Die Wissensgesellschaft in der Krise, Seifert Verlag (2025), ISBN 978-3-903583-10-8 Beispiel Porno-Darstellerin, der Kreditkartenzahlung verweigert wurde, zahlreiche Fälle, Rolling Stone (2023) Trucker-Proteste in Kanada Journalistische Äußerung, die zum digitalen Zahlungs-Boykott führt, der Fall Ulrich Heyden: ND-Aktuell (2026) und European Conservative (2026)

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Credits: 0.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™   CME/CE Information and Claim Credit: https://www.pri-med.com/online-education/podcast/frankly-speaking-cme-500 Overview: To celebrate our 500th episode, each member of our team revisits a popular topic from the podcast's earlier installments—GLP-1s, cervical and breast cancer screening, diet and exercise, contraception, hypertension, and lipid management—to trace how the evidence and guidelines have changed since it was first covered. Whether you're catching up or reinforcing what you know, this milestone episode helps you bring the latest evidence into everyday patient care. Guest: Robert Baldor, MD, Alan Ehrlich, MD, Susan Feeney, DNP, FNP-BC; FAANP, Jillian Joseph, PA, Mariyan L. Montaque, DNP, FNP-BC, Jill Terrien PhD, ANP-BC, FAAN   Music Credit: Matthew Bugos Thoughts? Suggestions? Email us at FranklySpeaking@pri-med.com  Episode resource links:  Zhou H et al.  Evaluation and Comparison of the PREVENT and Pooled Cohort Equations for 10‐Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Prediction. Journal of the American Heart Association Volume 14, Number 4 Goff DC et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129:S49–S73. Circulation. 2018 Jul 24;138(4):345-355.  eClinicalMedicine 2025: 103741. Curry, J. (2018). Screening for cervical cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA.320(7):674-686. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10897 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30140884  Perkins RB, Wolf AMD, Church TR, et al. Self-collected vaginal specimens for human papillomavirus testing and guidance on screening exit: An update to the American Cancer Society cervical cancer screening guideline. CA Cancer J Clin. 2026;e70041. doi:10.3322/caac.70041   Screening for Cervical Cancer (2026). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 148(1), e63-e67. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000006257  Jad Zeitouni, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Yusuf Dundar, Gregory Zimet, Mark A. Varvares. (2025). Two decades of the HPV vaccine: its promise, progress, prospects, projections, and posterity, The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, (51), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2025.101243 Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 28, no. 6 (2026): 5043–5057, https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70698.  Relationship of early rapid weight loss to efficacy and safety of tirzepatide and semaglutide for obesity: SURMOUNT-5 post hoc analysis. Am J Med. 2026 Jul;139(7):913-921. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2026.03.010 US Preventive Services Task Force; Nicholson WK, Silverstein M, Wong JB, et al. Screening for breast cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1918–1930.  Trentham-Dietz A, Chapman CH, Jayasekera J, et al. Collaborative modeling to compare different breast cancer screening strategies: a decision analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1931–1946. Giaquinto AN, Sung H, Miller KD, et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(6):524–541.  Qaseem A, Harrod CS, Balk EM, et al. Screening for breast cancer in asymptomatic, average-risk adult females: a guidance statement from the American College of Physicians (Version 2). Ann Intern Med. 2026.:  American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2022–2024. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, 2022.  Hu X, Chehal PK, Kaplan C, et al. Racial differences in patient-reported symptoms and adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(8):e2225485.  Torres JM, Sodipo MO, Hopkins MF, Chandler PD, Warner ET. Racial differences in breast cancer survival between Black and White women according to tumor subtype: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42(35):4225–4234.  Bailey ZD, Krieger N, Agénor M, Graves J, Linos N, Bassett MT. Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions. Lancet. 2017;389(10077):1453–1463. Hypertension. 2026;83:00–00. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.25787 Allen RH, Bartz D. Opill: The Over-the-Counter Contraceptive Pill. Obstet Gynecol. 2024;143(2):184-188. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000005455  Cahill EP, Kaur S. Advances in contraception research and development. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2020;32(6):393-398. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000666  Charles DN, Nagarsheth M, Oshman L. Pain Management for IUD Insertion in Primary Care. Am Fam Physician. 2025;111(4):299-301.  Chen, C., Strasser, J., Banawa, R., Luo, Q., Bodas, M., Castruccio-Prince, C., Das, K., & Pittman, P. (2022). Who is providing contraception care in the United States? An observational study of the contraception workforce. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 226(2), 232.e1–232.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.08.015  Diedrich,J., Klein, D. Peipert, J.(2017). Long-acting reversible contraception in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Am J Ob Gyn, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.024  Li RHW, Lo SST, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Fong CHY, Ho PC, Ng EHY. Oral emergency contraception with levonorgestrel plus piroxicam: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10405):851-858. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01240-0  Mørch LS, Meaidi A, Corn G, Hargreave M, Wessel Skovlund C. Breast Cancer in Users of Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Systems. JAMA. 2024;332(18):1578–1580. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18575  Nguyen AT, Curtis KM, Tepper NK, et al. U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2024;73(4):1-126. Published 2024 Aug 8. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7304a1  Paradise SL, Landis CA, Klein DA. Evidence Based Contraception: Common Questions and Answers. American Family Physician. 2022. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2022/0900/contraception The views expressed in this podcast are those of Dr. Domino and his guests and do not necessarily reflect the views of Pri-Med.

Credits: 0.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™   CME/CE Information and Claim Credit: https://www.pri-med.com/online-education/podcast/frankly-speaking-cme-500 Overview: To celebrate our 500th episode, each member of our team revisits a popular topic from the podcast's earlier installments—GLP-1s, cervical and breast cancer screening, diet and exercise, contraception, hypertension, and lipid management—to trace how the evidence and guidelines have changed since it was first covered. Whether you're catching up or reinforcing what you know, this milestone episode helps you bring the latest evidence into everyday patient care. Guest: Robert Baldor, MD, Alan Ehrlich, MD, Susan Feeney, DNP, FNP-BC; FAANP, Jillian Joseph, PA, Mariyan L. Montaque, DNP, FNP-BC, Jill Terrien PhD, ANP-BC, FAAN   Music Credit: Matthew Bugos Thoughts? Suggestions? Email us at FranklySpeaking@pri-med.com  Episode resource links:  Zhou H et al.  Evaluation and Comparison of the PREVENT and Pooled Cohort Equations for 10‐Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Prediction. Journal of the American Heart Association Volume 14, Number 4 Goff DC et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129:S49–S73. Circulation. 2018 Jul 24;138(4):345-355.  eClinicalMedicine 2025: 103741. Curry, J. (2018). Screening for cervical cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA.320(7):674-686. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10897 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30140884  Perkins RB, Wolf AMD, Church TR, et al. Self-collected vaginal specimens for human papillomavirus testing and guidance on screening exit: An update to the American Cancer Society cervical cancer screening guideline. CA Cancer J Clin. 2026;e70041. doi:10.3322/caac.70041   Screening for Cervical Cancer (2026). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 148(1), e63-e67. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000006257  Jad Zeitouni, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Yusuf Dundar, Gregory Zimet, Mark A. Varvares. (2025). Two decades of the HPV vaccine: its promise, progress, prospects, projections, and posterity, The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, (51), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2025.101243 Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 28, no. 6 (2026): 5043–5057, https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70698.  Relationship of early rapid weight loss to efficacy and safety of tirzepatide and semaglutide for obesity: SURMOUNT-5 post hoc analysis. Am J Med. 2026 Jul;139(7):913-921. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2026.03.010 US Preventive Services Task Force; Nicholson WK, Silverstein M, Wong JB, et al. Screening for breast cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1918–1930.  Trentham-Dietz A, Chapman CH, Jayasekera J, et al. Collaborative modeling to compare different breast cancer screening strategies: a decision analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1931–1946. Giaquinto AN, Sung H, Miller KD, et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(6):524–541.  Qaseem A, Harrod CS, Balk EM, et al. Screening for breast cancer in asymptomatic, average-risk adult females: a guidance statement from the American College of Physicians (Version 2). Ann Intern Med. 2026.:  American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2022–2024. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, 2022.  Hu X, Chehal PK, Kaplan C, et al. Racial differences in patient-reported symptoms and adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(8):e2225485.  Torres JM, Sodipo MO, Hopkins MF, Chandler PD, Warner ET. Racial differences in breast cancer survival between Black and White women according to tumor subtype: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42(35):4225–4234.  Bailey ZD, Krieger N, Agénor M, Graves J, Linos N, Bassett MT. Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions. Lancet. 2017;389(10077):1453–1463. Hypertension. 2026;83:00–00. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.25787 Allen RH, Bartz D. Opill: The Over-the-Counter Contraceptive Pill. Obstet Gynecol. 2024;143(2):184-188. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000005455  Cahill EP, Kaur S. Advances in contraception research and development. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2020;32(6):393-398. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000666  Charles DN, Nagarsheth M, Oshman L. Pain Management for IUD Insertion in Primary Care. Am Fam Physician. 2025;111(4):299-301.  Chen, C., Strasser, J., Banawa, R., Luo, Q., Bodas, M., Castruccio-Prince, C., Das, K., & Pittman, P. (2022). Who is providing contraception care in the United States? An observational study of the contraception workforce. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 226(2), 232.e1–232.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.08.015  Diedrich,J., Klein, D. Peipert, J.(2017). Long-acting reversible contraception in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Am J Ob Gyn, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.024  Li RHW, Lo SST, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Fong CHY, Ho PC, Ng EHY. Oral emergency contraception with levonorgestrel plus piroxicam: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10405):851-858. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01240-0  Mørch LS, Meaidi A, Corn G, Hargreave M, Wessel Skovlund C. Breast Cancer in Users of Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Systems. JAMA. 2024;332(18):1578–1580. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18575  Nguyen AT, Curtis KM, Tepper NK, et al. U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2024;73(4):1-126. Published 2024 Aug 8. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7304a1  Paradise SL, Landis CA, Klein DA. Evidence Based Contraception: Common Questions and Answers. American Family Physician. 2022. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2022/0900/contraception The views expressed in this podcast are those of Dr. Domino and his guests and do not necessarily reflect the views of Pri-Med.

¡Mándame un mensaje!Los 10,000 pasos al día se sienten como una regla de salud de toda la vida. Tan específica, de hecho, que parece lógico asumir que alguien tuvo que haber estudiado exactamente ese número.Pero cuando empecé a buscar de dónde salieron los famosos 10K, la historia resultó bastante más rara de lo que esperaba.Y lo mejor es que descubrir su origen tampoco resuelve el chisme.Porque décadas después la ciencia sí decidió estudiar qué pasa realmente conforme caminamos más… y los resultados complican bastante la historia de “10,000 pasos es puro marketing”.Entonces, ¿10,000 es demasiado? ¿7,000 es suficiente? ¿Hay realmente un número que deberíamos intentar cumplir? ¿Y qué significa todo esto si hoy haces 2,500 pasos y llegar a 10,000 te parece imposible?En este episodio de El Chisme del Fitness jalamos el hilo de una de las recomendaciones de salud más famosas del mundo para descubrir de dónde salió, qué encontró la ciencia cuando finalmente la puso a prueba y por qué quizá llevamos años haciéndonos la pregunta equivocada.ESTUDIOS MENCIONADOSLee IM, Shiroma EJ, Kamada M, et al. (2019). Association of Step Volume and Intensity With All-Cause Mortality in Older Women. JAMA Internal Medicine, 179(8), 1105–1112. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0899Ding D, Nguyen B, Nau T, et al. (2025). Daily steps and health outcomes in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. The Lancet Public Health, 10(8), e668–e681. DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(25)00164-1Nota: gran parte de la evidencia discutida en este episodio es observacional. Las asociaciones encontradas no significan que alcanzar un número específico de pasos cause automáticamente una reducción exacta de riesgo.Support the showInstagram: andieillanesPágina web: andieillanes.com

In this episode of the Language on the Move Podcast, Brynn Quick chats with Dr. Nicole Marinaro, a sociolinguist and postdoctoral researcher at the University of Hamburg. Her work explores how language policies shape people's experiences of accessing healthcare and other public services. Dr. Marinaro's research focuses on linguistic justice, examining how communication barriers affect patients who speak a language other than the majority language and how these barriers can lead to unequal access to care. Today she and Brynn discuss her 2025 paper "Operationalising linguistic unease for the evaluation of language policies in healthcare". In this paper, Dr. Marinaro expands on the concept of "linguistic unease" as a practical framework for evaluating whether healthcare language policies truly meet patients' communication needs. Through her research, Dr. Marinaro aims to help policymakers and healthcare organizations create more inclusive systems that ensure everyone can communicate confidently and receive equitable care. References Gazzola, M., & Marinaro, N. (2022). Sprachenpolitik und Integration in Ausländerbehörden und Krankenhäusern: Der Fall Berlin und Leipzig. Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik, 2022, 57–84. Marinaro, N. (2025). Operationalising linguistic unease for the evaluation of language policies in healthcare. Revista de Llengua i Dret (84), 73–93. DOI here For additional resources, show notes, and transcripts, go here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Join us this month for a look at the final book in the History of Middle-earth series, The History of Middle-earth volume 12, The Peoples of Middle-earth. We delve into Tolkien's unfinished story, Tal-Elmar, discussing themes of colonization, racial stereotypes, and the good guy/bad guy dichotomy. We also reflect on our Lesser-trod Histories Series as it comes to a close. Citations: Hoiem, Elizabeth Massa, World Creation as Colonization: British Imperialism in "Aldarion and Erendis". Tolkien Studies, Volume 2, 2005, pp. 75-92 (Article). Published by West Virginia University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/tks.2005.0020 Tolkien, J. R. R. The Peoples of Middle-earth. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. The History of Middle-earth: Vol. 12. HarperCollins, London, 1996. Tolkien Gateway article “Númenóreans” https://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/N%C3%BAmen%C3%B3reans (Accessed August 15, 2026) Tolkien Gateway article “Tal-Elmar (chapter) https://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Tal-Elmar_(chapter) (Accessed August 15, 2026) Tolkien Gateway article “The Peoples of Middle-earth” https://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/The_Peoples_of_Middle-earth (Accessed August 15, 2026) Join our Discord! https://discord.gg/4rZynfWv3f

In this episode of the Language on the Move Podcast, Brynn Quick chats with Dr. Nicole Marinaro, a sociolinguist and postdoctoral researcher at the University of Hamburg. Her work explores how language policies shape people's experiences of accessing healthcare and other public services. Dr. Marinaro's research focuses on linguistic justice, examining how communication barriers affect patients who speak a language other than the majority language and how these barriers can lead to unequal access to care. Today she and Brynn discuss her 2025 paper "Operationalising linguistic unease for the evaluation of language policies in healthcare". In this paper, Dr. Marinaro expands on the concept of "linguistic unease" as a practical framework for evaluating whether healthcare language policies truly meet patients' communication needs. Through her research, Dr. Marinaro aims to help policymakers and healthcare organizations create more inclusive systems that ensure everyone can communicate confidently and receive equitable care. References Gazzola, M., & Marinaro, N. (2022). Sprachenpolitik und Integration in Ausländerbehörden und Krankenhäusern: Der Fall Berlin und Leipzig. Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik, 2022, 57–84. Marinaro, N. (2025). Operationalising linguistic unease for the evaluation of language policies in healthcare. Revista de Llengua i Dret (84), 73–93. DOI here For additional resources, show notes, and transcripts, go here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/medicine

Stephanie A. Robinson, PhD, and Renda Soylemez Wiener, MD, MPH, join CHEST® Journal Podcast Moderator Alice Gallo De Moraes, MD, FCCP, to discuss their research into how the method of shared decision-making, in-person or telehealth, affects patients' perceptions of quality of shared decision-making for lung cancer screening. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2026.03.034 Disclaimer: The purpose of this activity is to expand the reach of CHEST content through awareness, critique, and discussion. All articles have undergone peer review for methodologic rigor and audience relevance. Any views asserted are those of the speakers and are not endorsed by CHEST. Listeners should be aware that speakers' opinions may vary and are advised to read the full corresponding journal article(s) for complete context. This content should not be used as a basis for medical advice or treatment, nor should it substitute the judgment used by clinicians in the practice of evidence-based medicine. 

In this episode of the Language on the Move Podcast, Brynn Quick chats with Dr. Nicole Marinaro, a sociolinguist and postdoctoral researcher at the University of Hamburg. Her work explores how language policies shape people's experiences of accessing healthcare and other public services. Dr. Marinaro's research focuses on linguistic justice, examining how communication barriers affect patients who speak a language other than the majority language and how these barriers can lead to unequal access to care. Today she and Brynn discuss her 2025 paper "Operationalising linguistic unease for the evaluation of language policies in healthcare". In this paper, Dr. Marinaro expands on the concept of "linguistic unease" as a practical framework for evaluating whether healthcare language policies truly meet patients' communication needs. Through her research, Dr. Marinaro aims to help policymakers and healthcare organizations create more inclusive systems that ensure everyone can communicate confidently and receive equitable care. References Gazzola, M., & Marinaro, N. (2022). Sprachenpolitik und Integration in Ausländerbehörden und Krankenhäusern: Der Fall Berlin und Leipzig. Jahrbuch der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik, 2022, 57–84. Marinaro, N. (2025). Operationalising linguistic unease for the evaluation of language policies in healthcare. Revista de Llengua i Dret (84), 73–93. DOI here For additional resources, show notes, and transcripts, go here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/anthropology

BUFFALO, NY – September 1, 2026 – A new #review was published in Volume 17 of Oncotarget on August 28, 2026, titled “Emerging biomedical imaging applications of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles for premetastatic niche detection: Biological rationale, engineering strategies, and translational challenges.” The review was led by first author Omkar Dhaygude, who is affiliated with Johns Hopkins University. Corresponding authors Franck Housseau and John Michel are affiliated with Johns Hopkins University, with Housseau also affiliated with the Cancer Research Center of Lille in France. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles released by cells that transport proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, metabolites, and other molecular cargo. In cancer, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) can influence the tumor microenvironment and distant tissues by promoting processes such as angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammatory signaling, immune evasion, and stromal reprogramming. Of particular interest is the role of TEVs in establishing premetastatic niches—biological environments in distant organs that become permissive to metastatic cells before overt tumors are detectable. TEVs can carry organ-specific molecular signals, and their surface molecules may influence which tissues they reach. For example, previous experimental research has linked the integrins α6β4 and α6β1 with lung tropism, providing a biological rationale for using TEVs to direct imaging probes toward metastasis-prone organs. This possibility could address an important limitation of conventional cancer imaging. Computed tomography and other anatomical methods are designed primarily to detect established structural lesions, whereas premetastatic niches are characterized by earlier molecular and microenvironmental alterations. The authors therefore examine whether TEV-associated imaging could provide information about metastatic conditioning before conventional imaging can identify overt metastatic lesions. Full press release - https://www.oncotarget.com/news/pr/tumor-derived-extracellular-vesicles-show-promise-for-earlier-detection-of-metastatic-risk/ DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28916 Correspondence to - Franck Housseau - fhousse1@jhmi.edu, and John Michel - jmiche14@jhmi.edu Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zygNvj4_YY Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://oncotarget.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Foncotarget.28916 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Oncotarget - https://www.oncotarget.com/subscribe/ Keywords - cancer, lung metastases, cancer imaging, theranostic, premetastatic niches, extra-cellular vesicles To learn more about Oncotarget, please visit https://www.oncotarget.com and connect with us: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Oncotarget/ X - https://twitter.com/oncotarget Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/oncotargetjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@OncotargetJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/oncotarget Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/oncotarget/ Reddit - https://www.reddit.com/user/Oncotarget/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/0gRwT6BqYWJzxzmjPJwtVh MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

What's is this episode about? In this episode, hear Professor Joanna Stalnaker on death and philosophy, writing at the end of life, last works, Enlightenmentthinking, women and philosophy in the Enlightenment, teaching, pedagogy, and her experience of discovering she had a brain tumour causing an unexplained obsession with Harry Styles and fan fictionWho is Joanna?Joanna Stalnaker is the author of two books: The Rest Is Silence:Enlightenment Philosophers Facing Death and The Unfinished Enlightenment: Description in the Age of the Encyclopedia. She teaches in the Department of French at Columbia University. She is currently developing a new course, co-taught with an art historian, called Birth, Death and the Human. Her currentproject is a memoir about her experience of living with an undetected brain tumor and developing an unexplained obsession with Harry Styles and fan fiction. You can read more about Joanna here. You can buy The Rest Is Silence:Enlightenment Philosophers Facing Death her with code FAL25 for 30% off. How do I cite the episode in my research and reading lists?To cite this episode, you can use the following citation: Stalnaker, J. (2026) Interview on The Death Studies Podcast hosted by Michael-Fox,B. and Visser, R. Published 1 September 2026. Available at: www.thedeathstudiespodcast.com, DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.33406186 What next?Check out more episodes or find out more about the hosts! Gota question? Get in touch.

Why do we age? For decades, one of the dominant explanations has been that cells and tissues gradually accumulate molecular damage until they can no longer function normally. DNA mutations, damaged proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, and other forms of cellular wear have all been proposed as major drivers of aging. But another theory offers a very different possibility: some aspects of aging may result not from biological systems breaking down, but from developmental programs continuing to operate after they are no longer beneficial. A research perspective published in Volume 18 of Aging titled “A brief history of the hyperfunction theory of aging and future directions,” traces the development of this idea and examines where the field may go next. The article was written by João Pedro de Magalhães from the Genomics of Ageing and Rejuvenation Lab, Department of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom. Rather than presenting a new experiment, the paper combines historical analysis, evolutionary theory, experimental evidence, and the author's own perspective on how programmatic models could reshape aging research. Full blog post - https://aging-us.org/2026/09/developmental-programs-could-help-drive-the-aging-process/ DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206403 Corresponding author - João Pedro de Magalhães - jp@senescence.info Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VwC6aJoUUQo Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://aging.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Faging.206403 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Aging - https://www.aging-us.com/subscribe-to-toc-alerts Keywords - aging, antagonistic pleiotropy, longevity, programmatic aging, quasi-program To learn more about the journal, please visit https://www.Aging-US.com​​ and connect with us on social media at: Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/aging-us.bsky.social ResearchGate - https://www.researchgate.net/journal/Aging-1945-4589 X - https://twitter.com/AgingJrnl Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/AgingUS/ Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/agingjrnl/ LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/aging/ Reddit - https://www.reddit.com/user/AgingUS/ Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/AgingUS/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@Aging-US Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/1X4HQQgegjReaf6Mozn6Mc MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

Last time we spoke about the beginning of the Battle of Hong kong. Japan's rise as a threat to British interests accelerated through the 1920s and intensified after invading China. Britain's response remained contradictory—diplomatically conciliatory yet militarily apprehensive. While Singapore and Malaya received substantial reinforcements, Hong Kong was acknowledged indefensible, yet the 1936 Defence Scheme attempted to fortify it as an island fortress. Governor Northcote urgently advocated evacuation, recognizing the futility of defense. London rejected this, fearing it would demoralize China and forfeit sovereignty claims. Reinforcement requests from commanders like Grasett fell on deaf ears until Grasett independently lobbied Canadian leaders. This persistence finally convinced Churchill to dispatch two additional battalions. On December 8, 1941, Japanese forces attacked across three fronts with overwhelming force. Within hours, the RAF was destroyed on the ground, demolitions proved ineffective, and British units rapidly retreated toward the Gin Drinkers Line, facing an enemy that outnumbered and outmaneuvered them from the opening moments.   #217 The Battle of Hong Kong Part 2: the Island Aflame Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. Around 1500 hours on 9 December, Colonel Doi of the 228th Regiment arrived at Needle Hill, just north of the Gin Drinkers Line, ahead of his main force. For two hours he studied the British defensive positions through binoculars, noting trenches and bunkers—and to his surprise, washing lines fluttering with white clothes. The sight spoke volumes about the 2 Royal Scots' lax discipline. Then fog descended, reducing visibility to barely twenty meters, and heavy rain obscured the landscape. Doi sensed a fleeting advantage but lost radio contact with his battalions. Worse still, the Shing Mun Redoubt lay outside his regimental boundary, making an unauthorized attack a serious breach of protocol. When his units finally arrived, supporting artillery remained unavailable, held up by demolished roads. Doi chose to attack anyway. Doi ordered the 2nd Battalion to scout the eastern approach while the 3rd Battalion spearheaded the main assault. Major Nishiyana commanded the 3rd, sending Lieutenant Wakabayashi and Kasugai with 150 volunteers to lead. The Shing Mun Redoubt itself comprised five concrete pillboxes and an artillery observation post, connected by underground tunnels named after London landmarks—Piccadilly, Haymarket, and others. The whole complex sat on small rises above Jubilee Dam, then the British Empire's tallest. Defending the redoubt was A Company, 2 Royal Scots, under Captain Jones—just three officers and 39 men. One platoon of 25 soldiers under 2nd Lieutenant Thompson held the forward positions. Against this stood 150 Japanese attackers, with another 1,500 troops in reserve. Battalion orders forbade using the concrete works as fighting positions; they were meant for the Vickers machine-gun team and artillery protection. No mines could spare the redoubt's perimeter. On the night of the 9th, roughly half the defenders sheltered in the observation post while the remainder manned pillboxes 401b and 402. At 2000 hours, Thompson led a nine-man patrol northward to check Needle Hill and Shing Mun Valley. Despite two and a half hours in the field, the patrol returned at 2220 hours without detecting the Japanese force massing just 500 meters away. By that time, Lieutenant Kasugai's assault group had crossed Jubilee Dam undetected, bypassed unmanned Post X, and assembled below Pillbox 401b. At 2200 hours, Japanese sappers cut through two lines of wire. At 2300—H-Hour—Lance Corporal Laird heard movement in the bushes and opened fire. The Japanese answered with grenades and rushed the pillbox lines. One team entered the tunnel system; another hurled grenades through the air vents. Corporal Campbell swung his Vickers toward Pillbox 401, catching Japanese headquarters personnel in the open. Sergeant Robb mustered a counter-attack force of thirteen men. Five fell as casualties—Laird, Basnett, Coyle, Casey, and Jardine. Casey was killed; only Jardine escaped. The alert triggered gunfire from the observation post's defenders, and Forward Observer Wilcox called down 4.5-inch and 6-inch artillery fire. Without strong reinforcement and leadership, four Royal Scots and an Indian sentry abandoned the northern positions and withdrew to the observation post. Captain Jones received orders from Brigade to counter-attack, but delegated the task to Thompson. As Thompson attempted to leave the observation post, he found the gate locked from outside. This calamity had a backstory: just before the attack, Thompson had admitted a civilian at the request of Force 163 (SOE's sabotage unit in Singapore). Private Wylie had taken the observation post key from Lance Naik Kishan Singh and, upon exit, locked the gate behind him. The three officers were now literally locked out of the battle. Second Lieutenant Mochizuki and his platoon infiltrated through open trenches and began attacking the observation post from above, attempting to breach the hatches. The defenders held for three hours before Japanese sappers forced explosives down the air vents. At 0230 hours, the blast killed two Indian signallers inside. Thompson sustained a severe eye wound from grenade shrapnel; Jones and Warrant Officer Mead were both wounded. The remaining fifteen defenders surrendered; eleven became casualties. Meanwhile, a Rajput patrol engaging Japanese forces in the river valley managed to drive them back toward the redoubt. One final pillbox endured for another eleven hours before suffering the same sapper treatment. By 0400 hours on 10 December, the entire redoubt was lost. For just two killed, the Japanese had achieved a decisive victory—the breakthrough that would shift the entire campaign's trajectory. By dawn, a Japanese flag flew triumphantly from Point 255.   Major-General Maltby's assessment was stark: "This was calamitous, for Shing Mun was the key to the whole of the left position." Yet the Japanese perspective differed sharply. Having achieved a breakthrough, Colonel Doi received astonishing orders to withdraw—his success had transgressed into the 230th Regiment's sector and violated the meticulously prepared war plan. Doi refused. After heated confrontation with Major-General Ito and Lieutenant-General Sakai, his insubordination was later censured, though a divisional staff officer, Oyadomani, bore the scapegoat's burden of rebuke for failing to restrain Doi's initiative. With Shing Mun secured, Doi methodically fed reinforcements into the position. Throughout December 10th, the Japanese remained uncertain of their advantage and adopted a cautious strategy, probing British lines to exploit the evident disorder. Brigadier Wallis ordered the Royal Scots to mount an immediate dawn counterattack supported by the Rajputs and artillery. Lieutenant-Colonel White demurred; his battalion lacked any reasonable prospect of success. The resulting counterattack proved half-hearted at best. At first light on December 11th, the Japanese pressed Golden Hill forcefully, only to be repulsed by Captain Newton's Rajputs and gunfire from HMS Cicala. White positioned D Company in shallow shell scrapes and rusted wire—inadequate defenses against Japanese assault. Captain Pinkerton led a desperate bayonet charge that morning, temporarily clearing the Japanese and enabling the evacuation of wounded. Yet B, C, and D Companies absorbed devastating losses; Captains Rose and Richardson fell commanding their positions. With the Royal Scots collapsing, X Company of the Winnipeg Grenadiers and armored support rushed westward to seal the widening gap along Castle Peak Road. Meanwhile, Maltby grappled with alarming reports: Japanese landings on Lantau Island southwest of Hong Kong. Heavy artillery drove them back. A second probe at Aberdeen, where Special Naval Landing Forces approached within 300 yards of the naval base, was repelled by Canadian machine-gun fire. In hindsight, these were mere feints—never intended as the primary thrust. The stratagem succeeded. Maltby retained his island reserves—the Middlesex and two Canadian battalions—precisely where they would be needed. Had Wallis executed a forceful counterattack on December 10th with the Royal Scots and brigade reserves, the Rajputs might have retaken Shing Mun while the Japanese remained disorganized. Instead, Colonel Doi faced a furious Sakai, who had flown down from 38th Division headquarters at Taipo for what amounted to a pre-court-martial examination. The moment passed. After only 48 hours of combat, Maltby concluded the mainland was indefensible. The three battalions would withdraw intact to Hong Kong Island to assume their fortress defense roles. The naval commodore objected—demolitions, supply transfers, and troop ferrying required more time. The evacuation order was deferred 24 hours until noon on December 11th. At that hour, the decision was finalized: the mainland would be abandoned under cover of darkness. Further demolitions followed—the China Light and Power Station, the cement works on Tsing Yi Island, the docks. Yet Brigadier Wallis believed this merely a precautionary measure; he anticipated holding the mainland for at least another week. The withdrawal avoided Kowloon's congested streets, where street fighting and fifth columnists might have entrapped the British—a calculation that proved prescient, as an IJA advance column of 350 men from the 3/230th infiltrated Kowloon on the morning of December 12th to cut off the retreating garrison. The Royal Scots and Canadians retired south to Shamshuipo Barracks and Jordan Road Pier in western Kowloon; the Rajputs and supporting gunners withdrew eastward to Ma Lau Tong, which anchored the fortified Devil's Peak Peninsula. Maltby intended to hold this commanding position permanently—it was easily supplied across the narrow Lyemun Strait. The evacuation proceeded largely as planned. The Canadians and Royal Scots embarked on the afternoon and evening of December 11th under Punjabi covering fire. The Punjabis faced a harder journey—a moonlit scramble along steep Kowloon hills laden with supplies but critically short of mules. One group lost its way at a crucial junction, splitting into two columns. One proceeded toward Devil's Peak as planned; Battalion Headquarters descended into Kai Tak Airport, threaded through Kowloon City, and was evacuated by Star Ferry at Tsim Sha Tsui, fighting until the final moment as the last man boarded. The Rajputs' commander, unable to reach his Punjabi counterpart, abandoned Ma Lau Tong for the closer Hai Wan line near Devil's Peak. By 0400 hours on December 12th, the Punjabis and one Rajput company, accompanied by the gunners of the 25th Medium Battery, crossed Lyemun Strait to Hong Kong Island. Morning evacuations continued with minimal Japanese interference—a surprising restraint. Naval support proved crucial. The withdrawal completed by the morning of December 13th, though 170 mules were lost to the desertion of Chinese laborers—a deprivation that would haunt the subsequent campaign. During this passage, the IJN attempted shore bombardment. The Japanese cruiser and supporting vessels found themselves outranged by the defenders' 9.2-inch guns. The damage inflicted proved sufficient to discourage future naval adventures; for the remainder of the battle, the IJN maintained a cautious distance and played only a peripheral role. The speed and execution of the withdrawal apparently caught the Japanese unprepared. Their most probable expectation had been a full-scale assault on Devil's Peak accompanied by heavy bombardment—a day earlier, an assault without artillery preparation had been driven back with severe losses. The British appeared stronger than anticipated. The defense of the mainland had lasted only five days. With the mainland secured, the Japanese pivoted toward Hong Kong Island. The first move was diplomatic rather than military. At 0900 hours on December 13th, a small boat bearing a white flag crossed the harbor. It carried Colonel Toda, Lieutenant Mizuno, Mr. Othsu Dak, and two European women—the prominent and heavily pregnant Mrs. Macdonald and Mrs. C. R. Lee, wife of the Governor's secretary, accompanied by her two dachshunds. The surrender terms were flatly rejected. Major Boxer delivered the written refusal personally. Mrs. Macdonald remained in Hong Kong to give birth; Mrs. Lee and her dogs returned to Kowloon. The Japanese commenced systematic shelling of selected targets. On December 13th, a 9.2-inch gun on Mt. Davis was silenced; Belcher's Fort sustained damage. The following day, a 3-inch mount on Mt. Davis was hit, killing Chinese gunners and triggering morale collapse; some deserted. On December 15th, the barrage shifted to the northern shoreline, deliberately targeting pillboxes. At 2100 hours that night, approximately three Japanese companies attempted crossing the harbor in rubber rafts toward Pakshawan but were driven off by machine-gun fire. Fifth columnists intensified their operations—signaling with mirrors, sniping from concealed positions, spreading propaganda to encourage Chinese desertion. Their impact might have been catastrophic had not Rear-Admiral Chan and Colonel Yee, armed with tommy guns and grenades, systematically eliminated many of these saboteurs. By December 16th, half the pillboxes between the racecourse and Lyemun Strait lay destroyed. The intended crossing site was unmistakable. On December 17th, the Japanese dispatched a second peace mission—Colonel Toda's team now accompanied by Mrs. Lee with her dachshunds and a pregnant Russian woman. Again, the overtures were rebuffed. On December 18th, the bombardment reached new intensity. Oil storage tanks ignited, sending dense black smoke cascading across the northeast corner of the island—perfect concealment for what was to come. All signs pointed to imminent assault.  I want to note something here, you sometimes hear about how race played a role in the Pacific War and indeed it did. Racist attitudes were found on both the western and Japanese side of the war. There is a fantastic book dedicated to this by the way called, War without Mercy by John Dower, highly recommend it. What is interesting is how these racial attitudes actually affected decision making during the war. Take General Sakai's night amphibious assault for example. Western soldiers such as the Canadians in Hong Kong reported they were told by their commanders that quote "Don't worry about the Japanese, they can't see at night, they all wear glasses" another Canadian soldier wrote in a diary "They don't see well, especially at night we knew this as a matter of fact." Indeed the week before the outbreak of the battle of Hong Kong, Canadian officers attending a briefing by a British officer were informed that "Japan's aircraft were mostly obsolete, its air force had little practice in night flying, and its pilots were myopic and thus unable to carry out dive-bombing attacks". You might be asking yourself, why did they think the Japanese were myopic? The scientific explanation of the day was this "That the Japanese suffered widespread inner-ear damage. What caused this? Japanese motherhood, the practice of strapping babies to their mothers backs, it was explained caused their heads to bounce about, like when they harvested rice and permanently impaired their sense of balance". I particularly love this quote, one of my professors dedicated an entire class to the bizarre racial attitudes before and after the pacific war. There was a belief the Japanese could not see well at night, many western air force commanders actually believed there were times of day like at dawn or dusk where Japanese pilots would not operate because of this hindrance. American military commentator Fletcher Pratt in 1939 analyzed Japan's military strengths and explained it had four major weaknesses. The first was scarcity of resources such as iron, and steel. The second was that the Japanese "can neither make good airplanes nor fly them well" as a result of " the Japanese as a race have defects of the tubes of the inner ear, just as they are generally myopic. This gives them a defective sense of balance, the one physical sense in which an aviator is not permitted to be deficient.". The third was that the Japanese were short-tempered and were inclined to waste men unnecessarily when operations did not go well. The fourth was that the Japanese would simply never date to provoke a war with the US. Again Mr Pratt was an American military commentator whose information came from multiple accounts given by high ranking military officials! The British military maintained that the Japanese avoided night operations on land because they were simply incapable of caring them out well, while they avoided nighttime aerial attacks, as well as dive-bombing for the same reasons Pratt said quote "their pilots were poor and their aircraft inferior.". So take this all to mind when I talk about how certain ranking officers go about making their decisions. By the evening of 14 December, evacuated mainland units had regrouped on Hong Kong Island. The defensive structure was restructured into two brigades: Brigadier Wallis commanded the East Brigade from Taitam Gap, while Brigadier Lawson headed the West Brigade from Wongneichong Gap. This reorganization placed the 5/7 Rajputs across the north-east perimeter, defending over 3,500 metres of coastline with B Company positioned on the hills behind Taikoo Docks. The Royal Rifles of Canada held the north-east corner from Stanley to points south, with reserve positions at Lyemun. Two HKVDC companies supported from Taitam Valley and Pottinger Gap, while the veteran Hughsiliers manned the North Point power station. British and Canadian artillery provided fire support across the northern approaches. The West Brigade held the north-western and south-western shores. The 2/14 Punjab stretched from Causeway Bay to Belcher's Point, protecting Government House and General Maltby's headquarters, with battalion headquarters at Mid-Level. The Winnipeg Grenadiers covered the south-west from Wanchai Gap, with one company detached to the brigade headquarters at Wongneichong Gap. The 2 Royal Scots, severely mauled at Shing Mun, were held in reserve with fresh replacements from the HKVDC. The Middlesex Regiment's companies were dispersed along 72 pillboxes encircling the entire shoreline, while an improvised Z Company of clerks, musicians and cooks defended battalion headquarters at Leighton Hill. Supporting artillery included 9.2-inch and 6-inch guns on Mt Davis and 4.7-inch guns at Belcher's Point. As darkness fell on 17 December, Japanese reconnaissance swimmers reached Taikoo, confirming the crossing site despite detection. Reinforcements arrived: 18 additional heavy bombers from Guangzhou and 26 fighters from Taiwan joined the aerial assault. The crescendo of artillery fire on the 18th, combined with masses of small craft gathering across the harbour, signalled the imminent invasion. Japanese divisional headquarters shifted to Ma Tau Wei near Kai Tak Airport; the 23rd Army moved to Taipo. The invasion force disposed itself with the right flank embarking from east and west of Kai Tak, the left from Devil's Hill area. At 1800 hours, the invasion order was issued; by 1930 hours Sakai himself arrived in Kowloon to oversee the crossing. At precisely 2000 hours, the 2/228th Regiment silently paddled their collapsible craft toward Taikoo Docks and the nearby sugar factory as artillery support commenced. Colonel Doi embarked with 80 headquarters personnel aboard a large barge, leading the second wave. The conditions favoured the invaders—a moonless night, sporadic showers, and thick black smoke from burning oil tanks obscured their movement. They reached the midpoint undetected before searchlights and machine-gun fire scattered the small boats, separating commanders from their units. Despite this chaos, the assault pressed forward. At 2140 hours the artillery shifted to deeper targets; at 2145 hours the first wave of 3/230th landed at North Point, followed minutes later by 2/228th and then 2/229th. Three red flares signalled a successful landing. All six Japanese battalions were ashore by midnight, though wire fencing delayed their advance and Bren carriers added to the confusion on the beach. General Sano arrived at Taikoo one hour later. The 5/7 Rajputs bore the initial brunt of the assault. Despite days of preliminary shelling, the Rajputs mounted a stubborn defence; Japanese casualties mounted rapidly. The anti-tank company suffered so grievously that only a single gun remained operational. The Japanese plan was tactical rather than frontal—bypass isolated positions for later elimination and push rapidly toward high ground. Overwhelmed by numerical superiority and losing most of their officers, Rajput resistance gradually crumbled. Contradicting all evidence, Maltby remained convinced the main Japanese assault would strike directly at Victoria from Kowloon. He therefore withheld the counter-attack, instead dispatching a platoon of Middlesex troops, Royal Marines, naval personnel, and the Rajputs' reserve company—supported by artillery—to establish a defensive line blocking the Japanese advance toward Central District. Three HKVDC armoured cars were sent to protect East Brigade headquarters; two more reinforced the Middlesex battalion headquarters. It was manifestly inadequate against six Japanese battalions. In post-war dispatches, Maltby conceded his grave miscalculation: he believed he faced at most two battalions, not a full division. As the 3/230th broke through D Company of the 5/7 Rajputs, the 2/230th came ashore nearby and wheeled westward toward Victoria. Their advance halted abruptly at the North Point power station, held by an extraordinary force: four officers and 36 men of the HKVDC Hughsiliers Platoon—alongside 39 civilian volunteers from China Light & Power and Hong Kong Electric, including the station manager Vincent Sorby—plus eight Free French soldiers commanded by Captain Jacques Egal, a Shanghai businessman turned soldier. Without exception, these men were World War I veterans, many aged 55 or older. Some had fought in the Boer War. Major J. J. Patterson, the Hughsiliers' commander, had served with Allenby's Camel Corps and been mentioned in dispatches six times; he was chairman of Jardine Matheson and a legislative councillor. Private Sir Edward Des Voeux, 8th Baronet, a millionaire bullion trader and secretary of the Hong Kong Club, had enlisted as a private when deemed too old for mobilization. Private T. A. Pearce, 67 years old, was chairman of J. D. Hutchison & Company and secretary of the Hong Kong Jockey Club. Captain Bruch, the second-in-command, aged 60, chaired a major trading house. The list extended through Hong Kong's business elite, each choosing to fight rather than flee. These old men held an entire regiment at bay. When Patterson called for aid, Maltby dispatched an HKVDC armoured car with a platoon from Z Company, 1 Middlesex, but the reinforcement was ambushed before reaching the station; only nine soldiers, including 2nd Lieutenant Caruthers, broke through. Unable to dislodge the defenders by assault, the Japanese resorted to bombardment. By 0145 hours on 19 December, surrounded and ammunition exhausted, the defenders withdrew to King's Road behind a disabled bus. The Japanese deployed three machine guns, killing or mortally wounding all but Private Geoghan. A Japanese officer, believing all dead, cautiously approached—only to have Geoghan, despite his wounds, surge from cover and charge. He killed the officer and four soldiers before collapsing from wounds. Somehow Geoghan survived. Those old men—civilians and reservists, businessmen and veterans—held the entire western Japanese advance for 18 hours, buying Maltby precious time to withdraw forces and establish a new defensive line. Their stand at North Point became one of the campaign's most improbable acts of defiance. As the 2/229th Regiment advanced southward toward Mt Parker, the 3/229th landed at Aldrich Bay and turned eastward toward Lyemun, where they seized an HKVDC 6-inch gun. Major Bishop of the Royal Rifles of Canada, unaware of the landings, dispatched 15 Platoon under Lieutenant Scott to check on A Company of the Rajputs. Unexpectedly, they encountered armed men in civilian clothes at Lyemun's gate—the first indication of the Japanese presence on the island. Yet senior officers dismissed initial reports of landings and lost positions as exaggerated, a critical miscalculation that proved catastrophic. At Lyemun Fort, the 5th Anti-aircraft Battery of the HKVDC was caught completely unaware and surrendered after minimal resistance. The Japanese then committed one of many atrocities that would characterize the battle, bayoneting 29 survivors. Alerted by 15 Platoon's report, Bishop attempted a counter-attack with two platoons to retake the fort, but the defenders could not scale the six-meter wall and withdrew with nine men killed. As the 2/229th pressed southward toward Mt Parker, they overran the Salesian Mission, which had been converted into an Advance Dressing Station. No. 8 Company of the 2/229th systematized a massacre of medical personnel and the wounded—an atrocity that would later become pivotal evidence at Colonel Tanaka's war crimes trial. Yet amid the chaos, several medical staff and wounded survived to testify: Gunners Y. K. Chan and Martin H. C. Tso of the 5th Battery, Captain Osler Thomas of the HKVDC, Captain Martin Banfill of the Royal Canadian Medical Corps, and Corporal Norman Leath of the Royal Army Medical Corps. C Company of the Royal Rifles, reinforced with captured Japanese machine guns abandoned by fleeing Rajputs, inflicted heavy casualties on the attackers, with one Japanese company suffering over 65 percent losses. Yet overwhelmed by superior numbers and suffering nearly two platoons worth of casualties themselves, the Canadians were forced to withdraw, leaving only a reinforcement platoon under Lieutenant Blaver on Mt Parker. When Captain Clerke arrived at dawn with 16 Platoon to reinforce the position, he found over 100 Japanese already entrenched. With no artillery support and only two platoons available, Clerke had no choice but to withdraw, abandoning Mt Parker to the enemy. By dawn on the 19th, the East Brigade faced catastrophe. Infantry strength had been halved, and losses of artillery were equally devastating. A series of misunderstandings and misinterpreted orders led coastal gun crews at Capes D'Aguilar and Collinson to destroy their own guns in confusion or lose them to the advancing Japanese. Of the entire artillery complement, only one 18-pounder and two 3.7-inch field guns remained operational. Wongneichong—literally "yellow muddy creek" in Chinese—occupies the center of Hong Kong Island, a valley separating the eastern hills (Mt Parker, Mt Butler, Jardine's Lookout) from the western massif (Mt Nicholson, Mt Cameron, Victoria Peak). This narrow gap formed the critical artery linking northern and southern Hong Kong, making Brigadier Lawson's decision to place West Brigade Headquarters there strategically sound yet tactically vulnerable. Recognizing the exposed position after the landings, Major Lyndon had located an alternative site south of Mt Nicholson, scheduled to open the following day. In response to the Japanese landings, Lawson dispatched three platoons of Winnipeg Grenadiers to block the advance. Lieutenant C. D. French took 18 Platoon to Mt Butler, Lieutenant G. A. Birkett's 17 Platoon moved to Jardine's Lookout, and Lieutenant L. B. Corrigan's platoon took the north-west approach to the Gap. As on Mt Parker, both French and Birkett were killed almost immediately, their small forces overwhelmed by battalion-strength enemy forces with artillery support. By morning on the 19th, two battalions each of the 230th and 228th Regiments were pushing for the high ground. The 2/230th rapidly occupied Jardine's Lookout while the 3/230th moved to Mt Nicholson and the 2/228th advanced toward the Gap itself. No. 3 Company of the HKVDC under Major E. Stewart held pillboxes around Jardine's Lookout, while No. 1 Company under Captain Penn defended Taitam Valley with forward positions at Quarry Gap. The pillboxes, despite heavy bombardment, held longer than anticipated—some for as long as 24 hours. Stewart maintained his company headquarters until the 22nd, four days of continuous fighting without adequate ammunition, food, or water. No. 3 Company suffered 80 percent casualties and ceased to exist as a cohesive unit. Realizing that the enemy had penetrated to Mt Butler, Brigadier Lawson decided counter-attack was essential. Major A. B. Gresham of A Company, Winnipeg Grenadiers, was ordered to retake Mt Butler and clear Jardine's Lookout. The Canadians initially succeeded, with Warrant Officer 2 J. R. Osborne leading a bayonet charge, but a strong counter-attack by three Japanese companies drove them back by 2200 hours. The Canadians held firm until 1500 hours, when Gresham attempted surrender despite waving a white flag—the Japanese shot him regardless. In the chaos that followed, a Canadian killed a Japanese officer in response, triggering a grenade barrage. Warrant Officer Osborne caught the grenades and hurled them back as fast as they came, but one landed in an impossible position. Without hesitation, Osborne threw himself on the grenade to save his comrades. This act of supreme self-sacrifice earned him a Victoria Cross—the first Canadian VC of World War II. At dawn on the 19th, Maltby dispatched A Company of the 2 Royal Scots under Captain K. J. Campbell to reinforce the Gap, but they lost all their officers with only 15 men reaching Lawson's headquarters. A group of sailors under Commander A. L. Pears came from the south, but were ambushed en route; only a few reached the Postbridge—a house just south of the Gap—which became an isolated strongpoint. The 3/230th captured the police station perched on a mound at the southern point of the Gap, then swept eastward to seize the anti-aircraft guns of 7th Battery (barely 250 meters from brigade headquarters) and continued uphill toward Taitam Hill to capture additional 6-inch and 3.7-inch guns. Maltby's response was to call down final protective fire from the HKSRA in Happy Valley, inflicting massive casualties on the 3/230th. At 1000 hours on the 19th, Lawson reported that his headquarters was surrounded and he was about to "go outside and shoot it out." Captain H. A. Bush provided covering fire as Lawson and his entire staff, including Middlesex signallers, were cut down by machine-gun fire across the Gap. Lawson's body was discovered two days later halfway up the hill behind his headquarters, dead from a gunshot wound to the thigh. Lieutenant Kerfoot of the 2/14 Punjab with his three Bren carriers arrived minutes too late to save him. IJA who saw the fight made a note stating "he died heroically". At 1330 hours on the 19th, Maltby issued "Operation Order No. 6" calling for a massive counter-attack to commence 90 minutes later. The plan was ambitious: A and D Companies of the 2/14 Punjab were to attack east from Victoria to North Point to relieve the Hughsiliers, while HQ Company of the Winnipeg Grenadiers and the 2 Royal Scots were to attack the Gap and Jardine's Lookout. Eight field guns were promised but never materialized. There was no reconnaissance, no proper orders, and minimal coordination. The Canadians were to rendezvous with the 2 Royal Scots at Middle Gap at 1530 hours, but the Scots were late; the Canadians advanced without them. Captain Pinkerton of D Company, 2 Royal Scots, was ordered at the last minute to attack up Wongneichong Gap Road—the same route A Company had taken only seven hours earlier and been decimated—because it was reported as "lightly held." Captain A. M. S. Slater-Brown led the advance with three Bren carriers and attached engineers, followed by D Company of the Winnipeg Grenadiers. Just as the carriers reached the burnt-out trucks of A Company, they too were ambushed. Mortars and machine-gun fire rained down from Jardine's Lookout, where the Japanese occupied captured HKVDC pillboxes. Slater-Brown and 2nd Lieutenant Bell, the battalion intelligence officer, were killed instantly. The Royal Scots waited in the roadside ditches until 0200 hours before launching an attack on the police station, reaching the steps before Pinkerton was severely wounded. Captain Ford's composite company attack at 0300 hours also failed. Simultaneously, C Company under Lieutenant F. L. Stanier attacked Jardine's Lookout—also unsuccessfully. This series of piecemeal assaults cost the Royal Scots eight officers and 68 soldiers. Growing increasingly desperate, Maltby ordered Major Hodkinson, Officer Commanding HQ Company of the Winnipeg Grenadiers, to attack the Gap and proceed to Mt Parker. Requesting reinforcements from A Company and the Royal Scots, Hodkinson launched his assault with covering fire from Lieutenant Corrigan on Mt Nicholson. The Grenadiers managed to reach Mt Nicholson with only five unwounded men, though Corrigan's group advanced to within 300 meters of the Gap road. Then came an unexpected stroke of fortune: while skirting Mt Nicholson, Hodkinson's group stumbled upon approximately 500 Japanese—probably from the 3/230th—eating lunch without posting sentries. The Winnipeg Grenadiers unleashed devastating fire, inflicting heavy casualties. By 1745 hours, Hodkinson's force was only 100 meters from Repulse Bay Road. With four men and a 2-inch mortar, Hodkinson worked his way to the abandoned brigade headquarters, bringing 20 walking wounded with him. He established a foothold at the Gap, receiving orders to attack the police station at 2200 hours. Two HKVDC armoured cars with Vickers machine guns came in support, but accurate enemy fire disabled both. Like Pinkerton before him, Hodkinson reached near his objective before being severely wounded. For this action of determination and courage, Hodkinson was awarded the Distinguished Service Order. By the morning of the 20th, the Japanese had consolidated control of the Gap, but elements of D Company, Winnipeg Grenadiers, still held various pillboxes north of the position. Initially, 17 and 18 Platoons occupied forward positions with Company Headquarters and 16 Platoon in reserve, positioned across Wongneichong Road almost directly opposite brigade headquarters. Forward positions were rapidly overrun and cut off from the company. They fought without officers until withdrawal to battalion headquarters became necessary. With Captain A. S. Bowman killed and Captain R. W. Philips wounded, command fell to Lieutenant T. A. Blackwood. An attempt by B Company to relieve D Company on the evening of the 20th failed catastrophically, killing all officers and 29 men. With fewer than 50 men remaining—all wounded—Lieutenant Blackwood continued inflicting heavy casualties on the Japanese until 22 December, when exhaustion and the complete absence of ammunition, food, and water forced surrender. D Company killed over 200 Japanese soldiers. Post-war Japanese reports refused to believe that a single company had held the Gap for so long. For their stubborn defense, Philips and Blackwood were awarded the Military Cross, and three enlisted men received the Military Medal. The battle of Wongneichong Gap was characterized by fragmented planning and poor coordination. On the night of the 19th-20th, no fewer than three separate companies attacked the police station, with another company assaulting Jardine's Lookout—all within five hours, all independently organized by local commanders. Had these disparate actions been coordinated into a single simultaneous assault, fortress headquarters' objectives might well have been achieved. By the end of the 20th, the British had lost the vital ground of Wongneichong, though Postbridge House remained as an isolated holdout. For the Japanese, Wongneichong became the single costliest engagement since the invasion began, with over 800 casualties and the regimental commander of the 3/230th seriously wounded. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me.   Japanese landings on 18-19 December overwhelmed the East Brigade. Brigadier Lawson died defending the vital Gap. Desperate, uncoordinated counter-attacks by British and Canadian troops failed to dislodge the enemy. D Company Winnipeg Grenadiers held the position for four days against overwhelming odds before surrendering. The Japanese suffered 800 casualties but secured this critical strategic ground.

Credits: 0.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™   CME/CE Information and Claim Credit: https://www.pri-med.com/online-education/podcast/frankly-speaking-cme-500 Overview: To celebrate our 500th episode, each member of our team revisits a popular topic from the podcast's earlier installments—GLP-1s, cervical and breast cancer screening, diet and exercise, contraception, hypertension, and lipid management—to trace how the evidence and guidelines have changed since it was first covered. Whether you're catching up or reinforcing what you know, this milestone episode helps you bring the latest evidence into everyday patient care. Guest: Robert Baldor, MD, Alan Ehrlich, MD, Susan Feeney, DNP, FNP-BC; FAANP, Jillian Joseph, PA, Mariyan L. Montaque, DNP, FNP-BC, Jill Terrien PhD, ANP-BC, FAAN   Music Credit: Matthew Bugos Thoughts? Suggestions? Email us at FranklySpeaking@pri-med.com  Episode resource links:  Zhou H et al.  Evaluation and Comparison of the PREVENT and Pooled Cohort Equations for 10‐Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Prediction. Journal of the American Heart Association Volume 14, Number 4 Goff DC et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129:S49–S73. Circulation. 2018 Jul 24;138(4):345-355.  eClinicalMedicine 2025: 103741. Curry, J. (2018). Screening for cervical cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA.320(7):674-686. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10897 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30140884  Perkins RB, Wolf AMD, Church TR, et al. Self-collected vaginal specimens for human papillomavirus testing and guidance on screening exit: An update to the American Cancer Society cervical cancer screening guideline. CA Cancer J Clin. 2026;e70041. doi:10.3322/caac.70041   Screening for Cervical Cancer (2026). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 148(1), e63-e67. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000006257  Jad Zeitouni, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Yusuf Dundar, Gregory Zimet, Mark A. Varvares. (2025). Two decades of the HPV vaccine: its promise, progress, prospects, projections, and posterity, The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, (51), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2025.101243 Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 28, no. 6 (2026): 5043–5057, https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70698.  Relationship of early rapid weight loss to efficacy and safety of tirzepatide and semaglutide for obesity: SURMOUNT-5 post hoc analysis. Am J Med. 2026 Jul;139(7):913-921. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2026.03.010 US Preventive Services Task Force; Nicholson WK, Silverstein M, Wong JB, et al. Screening for breast cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1918–1930.  Trentham-Dietz A, Chapman CH, Jayasekera J, et al. Collaborative modeling to compare different breast cancer screening strategies: a decision analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1931–1946. Giaquinto AN, Sung H, Miller KD, et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(6):524–541.  Qaseem A, Harrod CS, Balk EM, et al. Screening for breast cancer in asymptomatic, average-risk adult females: a guidance statement from the American College of Physicians (Version 2). Ann Intern Med. 2026.:  American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2022–2024. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, 2022.  Hu X, Chehal PK, Kaplan C, et al. Racial differences in patient-reported symptoms and adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(8):e2225485.  Torres JM, Sodipo MO, Hopkins MF, Chandler PD, Warner ET. Racial differences in breast cancer survival between Black and White women according to tumor subtype: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42(35):4225–4234.  Bailey ZD, Krieger N, Agénor M, Graves J, Linos N, Bassett MT. Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions. Lancet. 2017;389(10077):1453–1463. Hypertension. 2026;83:00–00. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.25787 Allen RH, Bartz D. Opill: The Over-the-Counter Contraceptive Pill. Obstet Gynecol. 2024;143(2):184-188. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000005455  Cahill EP, Kaur S. Advances in contraception research and development. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2020;32(6):393-398. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000666  Charles DN, Nagarsheth M, Oshman L. Pain Management for IUD Insertion in Primary Care. Am Fam Physician. 2025;111(4):299-301.  Chen, C., Strasser, J., Banawa, R., Luo, Q., Bodas, M., Castruccio-Prince, C., Das, K., & Pittman, P. (2022). Who is providing contraception care in the United States? An observational study of the contraception workforce. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 226(2), 232.e1–232.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.08.015  Diedrich,J., Klein, D. Peipert, J.(2017). Long-acting reversible contraception in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Am J Ob Gyn, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.024  Li RHW, Lo SST, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Fong CHY, Ho PC, Ng EHY. Oral emergency contraception with levonorgestrel plus piroxicam: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10405):851-858. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01240-0  Mørch LS, Meaidi A, Corn G, Hargreave M, Wessel Skovlund C. Breast Cancer in Users of Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Systems. JAMA. 2024;332(18):1578–1580. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18575  Nguyen AT, Curtis KM, Tepper NK, et al. U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2024;73(4):1-126. Published 2024 Aug 8. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7304a1  Paradise SL, Landis CA, Klein DA. Evidence Based Contraception: Common Questions and Answers. American Family Physician. 2022. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2022/0900/contraception The views expressed in this podcast are those of Dr. Domino and his guests and do not necessarily reflect the views of Pri-Med.

Credits: 0.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™   CME/CE Information and Claim Credit: https://www.pri-med.com/online-education/podcast/frankly-speaking-cme-500 Overview: To celebrate our 500th episode, each member of our team revisits a popular topic from the podcast's earlier installments—GLP-1s, cervical and breast cancer screening, diet and exercise, contraception, hypertension, and lipid management—to trace how the evidence and guidelines have changed since it was first covered. Whether you're catching up or reinforcing what you know, this milestone episode helps you bring the latest evidence into everyday patient care. Guest: Robert Baldor, MD, Alan Ehrlich, MD, Susan Feeney, DNP, FNP-BC; FAANP, Jillian Joseph, PA, Mariyan L. Montaque, DNP, FNP-BC, Jill Terrien PhD, ANP-BC, FAAN   Music Credit: Matthew Bugos Thoughts? Suggestions? Email us at FranklySpeaking@pri-med.com  Episode resource links:  Zhou H et al.  Evaluation and Comparison of the PREVENT and Pooled Cohort Equations for 10‐Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Prediction. Journal of the American Heart Association Volume 14, Number 4 Goff DC et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129:S49–S73. Circulation. 2018 Jul 24;138(4):345-355.  eClinicalMedicine 2025: 103741. Curry, J. (2018). Screening for cervical cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA.320(7):674-686. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10897 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30140884  Perkins RB, Wolf AMD, Church TR, et al. Self-collected vaginal specimens for human papillomavirus testing and guidance on screening exit: An update to the American Cancer Society cervical cancer screening guideline. CA Cancer J Clin. 2026;e70041. doi:10.3322/caac.70041   Screening for Cervical Cancer (2026). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 148(1), e63-e67. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000006257  Jad Zeitouni, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Yusuf Dundar, Gregory Zimet, Mark A. Varvares. (2025). Two decades of the HPV vaccine: its promise, progress, prospects, projections, and posterity, The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, (51), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2025.101243 Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 28, no. 6 (2026): 5043–5057, https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70698.  Relationship of early rapid weight loss to efficacy and safety of tirzepatide and semaglutide for obesity: SURMOUNT-5 post hoc analysis. Am J Med. 2026 Jul;139(7):913-921. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2026.03.010 US Preventive Services Task Force; Nicholson WK, Silverstein M, Wong JB, et al. Screening for breast cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1918–1930.  Trentham-Dietz A, Chapman CH, Jayasekera J, et al. Collaborative modeling to compare different breast cancer screening strategies: a decision analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1931–1946. Giaquinto AN, Sung H, Miller KD, et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(6):524–541.  Qaseem A, Harrod CS, Balk EM, et al. Screening for breast cancer in asymptomatic, average-risk adult females: a guidance statement from the American College of Physicians (Version 2). Ann Intern Med. 2026.:  American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2022–2024. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, 2022.  Hu X, Chehal PK, Kaplan C, et al. Racial differences in patient-reported symptoms and adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(8):e2225485.  Torres JM, Sodipo MO, Hopkins MF, Chandler PD, Warner ET. Racial differences in breast cancer survival between Black and White women according to tumor subtype: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42(35):4225–4234.  Bailey ZD, Krieger N, Agénor M, Graves J, Linos N, Bassett MT. Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions. Lancet. 2017;389(10077):1453–1463. Hypertension. 2026;83:00–00. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.25787 Allen RH, Bartz D. Opill: The Over-the-Counter Contraceptive Pill. Obstet Gynecol. 2024;143(2):184-188. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000005455  Cahill EP, Kaur S. Advances in contraception research and development. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2020;32(6):393-398. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000666  Charles DN, Nagarsheth M, Oshman L. Pain Management for IUD Insertion in Primary Care. Am Fam Physician. 2025;111(4):299-301.  Chen, C., Strasser, J., Banawa, R., Luo, Q., Bodas, M., Castruccio-Prince, C., Das, K., & Pittman, P. (2022). Who is providing contraception care in the United States? An observational study of the contraception workforce. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 226(2), 232.e1–232.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.08.015  Diedrich,J., Klein, D. Peipert, J.(2017). Long-acting reversible contraception in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Am J Ob Gyn, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.024  Li RHW, Lo SST, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Fong CHY, Ho PC, Ng EHY. Oral emergency contraception with levonorgestrel plus piroxicam: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10405):851-858. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01240-0  Mørch LS, Meaidi A, Corn G, Hargreave M, Wessel Skovlund C. Breast Cancer in Users of Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Systems. JAMA. 2024;332(18):1578–1580. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18575  Nguyen AT, Curtis KM, Tepper NK, et al. U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2024;73(4):1-126. Published 2024 Aug 8. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7304a1  Paradise SL, Landis CA, Klein DA. Evidence Based Contraception: Common Questions and Answers. American Family Physician. 2022. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2022/0900/contraception The views expressed in this podcast are those of Dr. Domino and his guests and do not necessarily reflect the views of Pri-Med.

BUFFALO, NY – August 31, 2026 – A new #editorial was published in Volume 17 of Oncotarget on June 8, 2026, titled “Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy for treating the solid tumors: Challenges and future perspectives.” The editorial was led by first and corresponding author Bhartendra Sharma from Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, along with co-authors Sukhbir Kaur, Vikas Sharma and Sanjay Soni. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is a form of adoptive cellular therapy that uses immune cells naturally present within tumors to attack cancer. Unlike chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, which genetically modifies a patient's T cells to recognize specific tumor antigens and has achieved its greatest success in hematological malignancies, TIL therapy has shown potential in several types of solid tumors. The approach has a history spanning more than four decades. Steven Rosenberg first isolated TILs from a mouse tumor in 1982, and subsequent experiments demonstrated antitumor effects when TILs were combined with cyclophosphamide and interleukin-2 (IL-2). In 1988, Rosenberg and colleagues reported favorable clinical outcomes after administering TIL therapy to patients with metastatic melanoma. Full press release - https://www.oncotarget.com/news/pr/tumor-infiltrating-lymphocyte-therapy-offers-a-promising-approach-for-treating-solid-tumors/ DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28883 Correspondence to - Bhartendra Sharma - bhartendrasharma@mgumst.org Intro video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAr_R4WCJfk Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://oncotarget.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Foncotarget.28883 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Oncotarget - https://www.oncotarget.com/subscribe/ Keywords - cancer, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, solid tumors, adoptive cellular therapy, immunotherapy To learn more about Oncotarget, please visit https://www.oncotarget.com and connect with us on social media: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Oncotarget/ X - https://twitter.com/oncotarget Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/oncotargetjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@OncotargetJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/oncotarget Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/oncotarget/ Reddit - https://www.reddit.com/user/Oncotarget/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/0gRwT6BqYWJzxzmjPJwtVh MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

This week we review the use of right axillary artery access for aortic valvuloplasty in infants. Why would this approach potentially offer advantages versus the more traditional femoral or even carotid approach? What are the particular dangers of this approach? How should the interventionist pick the approach when planning an aortic valvuloplasty in an infant with valvar aortic stenosis? We speak with Dr. Jameel Al-Ata of King Faisal Specialist Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia this week. DOI: 10.1007/s00246-025-03991-6

How do you create fitness classes that members actively choose, talk about, and have a hard time replacing? For boutique fitness studio owners, stronger member retention and loyalty often start with something most studios leave largely to chance: how people actually experience and remember a class. In this episode, Fitcarma Experience Designer Shay Kostabi introduces The Two Moment Rule, our framework for intentionally shaping the two moments that can carry disproportionate weight in how members remember an experience: the emotional peak and the ending. We explore the psychology behind the peak-end rule and how it applies specifically to boutique fitness, group fitness class design, instructor training, music, coaching, emotional arc, and class structure. You'll learn why the hardest part of a workout isn't automatically the most memorable, how Convergence happens when movement, music, coaching, energy, and emotion work together toward the same emotional outcome, why constant intensity can actually cause members to disengage through what we call The Mad Max Effect, and why a class that simply stops is very different from an experience that ends with true Resolution. If the best parts of your class experience exist only inside the instincts of your strongest instructors, your brand doesn't own that experience yet. At Fitcarma, our Experience Design work draws from established research in psychology, behavioral science, flow, belonging, memory, and human performance, then translates those principles specifically into boutique fitness. We help studio owners turn those insights into a proprietary class experience that can be built into class architecture, coaching methodology, instructor training, observation standards, and a Playbook your entire team can use. Your members are going to remember these moments whether you plan for them or not. You might as well make them count. Want to build a more distinctive, memorable, and difficult-to-replace class experience for your studio? Book a Fit Call with us: https://fitcarma.com/northstar Research referenced Fredrickson, B. L., & Kahneman, D. (1993). "Duration Neglect in Retrospective Evaluations of Affective Episodes." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(1), 45–55. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.45 Alaybek, B., Dalal, R. S., Fyffe, S., Aitken, J. A., Zhou, Y., Qu, X., Roman, A., & Baines, J. I. (2022). "All's Well That Ends (and Peaks) Well? A Meta-Analysis of the Peak-End Rule and Duration Neglect." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 170, 104149. DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2022.104149 Film referenced Mad Max: Fury Road (2015), directed by George Miller. Warner Bros. Pictures, Village Roadshow Pictures, Kennedy Miller Mitchell.

BUFFALO, NY – August 28, 2026 – A new #research paper was published in Volume 17 of Oncotarget on August 19, 2026, titled “Incidence of KRAS G12C mutations in genitourinary malignancies; emerging target in precision medicine.” The study was led by first author Kelly Crane from the Department of Urology at SUNY Upstate Medical University. The corresponding author is K. R. Seetharam Bhat, who is affiliated with the Department of Urology at SUNY Upstate Medical University and Upstate Urology at MVHS. KRAS is one of the most extensively studied oncogenes in cancer, and the G12C variant has become clinically important following the development of mutation-specific inhibitors. Although KRAS G12C-targeted therapy is established in other malignancies, its frequency and genomic characteristics in genitourinary cancers have remained less well defined. To address this gap, the researchers performed comprehensive genomic profiling of 13,654 tumor specimens from patients with metastatic disease, including 1,453 renal clear cell carcinomas, 3,879 urothelial bladder carcinomas, and 8,322 prostate acinar adenocarcinomas. Tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and PD-L1 expression were also evaluated. Across the full cohort, KRAS alterations were detected in 367 tumors, or 2.7%, while KRAS G12C was identified in only 25 tumors, representing approximately 0.2% of all specimens. No G12C variants were found among the renal clear cell carcinomas. In urothelial bladder carcinoma, 24 of 202 KRAS-altered tumors, or 12%, carried G12C, while only one of 158 KRAS-altered prostate tumors contained the variant. Full press release - https://www.oncotarget.com/news/pr/kras-g12c-mutation-identified-as-a-rare-potential-target-in-genitourinary-cancers/ DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28912 Correspondence to - K. R. Seetharam Bhat - bhatkuls@upstate.edu Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=me9HXtnDmp4 Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://oncotarget.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Foncotarget.28912 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Oncotarget - https://www.oncotarget.com/subscribe/ Keywords - cancer, KRAS mutation, genitourinary malignancy, precision medicine, emerging target To learn more about the journal, please visit https://www.oncotarget.com and connect with us on social media: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Oncotarget/ X - https://twitter.com/oncotarget Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/oncotargetjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@OncotargetJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/oncotarget Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/oncotarget/ Reddit - https://www.reddit.com/user/Oncotarget/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/0gRwT6BqYWJzxzmjPJwtVh MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

The most powerful thing your patient can do for their health isn't hitting 10,000 steps. It's taking the first 2,000 more. In this episode, Dustin Jones breaks down two major studies on physical activity and step counts — and what they mean for the people who feel most defeated by the guidelines. If you work with adults who are currently sedentary, this is the reframe that changes how you set goals. What you'll take away: Why the standard guidelines (150 min/week, 10,000 steps) backfire with sedentary patients The step-count data: 2,000 → 4,000 steps = 36% lower risk of all-cause mortality; 7,000 steps = 47%, plus 38% less dementia, 28% fewer falls, 22% fewer depressive symptoms Why a patient's past inactivity doesn't disqualify them — inactive → active = 22% lower mortality, regardless of history. The "no-plateau rule": benefit slopes flatten but never flatline, so you never stop progressing How to treat activity like progressive loading and celebrate the first jump without selling it short. Chapters: 00:00 — Why the guidelines feel impossible for sedentary patients 02:21 — Fitness is a spectrum, not a destination 02:40 — The step-count data: 4,000 vs. 7,000 steps 07:10 — What this means for your sedentary patients 09:22 — Starting beats never: your patient's past isn't a sentence 11:43 — The no-plateau rule: don't stop at 4,000 Want stats like these in your inbox every week? Join the free MMOA Digest

In this episode, we reopen a 2,000-year-old early Christian cold case to examine Marcion of Sinope, the Pontic shipowner who compiled the world's very first Christian canon in 144 AD. Traditional church history has long branded him a dangerous heretic who taught Ditheism, Docetism, and Gnosticism while hacking the Gospel of Luke to pieces. However, a groundbreaking study by Professor A.W. Mitchell in the Journal of Pre-Nicene Christian Studies (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21985332) turns this ancient narrative completely on its head, revealing that the accusations were merely polemical caricatures invented by hostile heresy-hunters. We dive deep into the forensic literary evidence proving that Marcion did not "mutilate" the Gospel of Luke; rather, canonical Luke is a later, heavily edited, and Judaized expansion of Marcion's earlier, shorter Evangelion. We will dissect how the legendary 30-year "silent years" of Jesus' life are actually structural scar tissue left behind by editors attempting to graft a biological birth narrative onto a primitive, cosmic descent gospel. Finally, we reveal how the chief accuser Tertullian was too textually unstable to be trusted, and how even Jerome's Latin Vulgate project secretly raided Marcion's archives to translate the epistles of Paul. It's an eye-opening journey into the psychology of ancient theological projection, showing that the history of the New Testament actually runs backwards.Notes:The Very First Bible: The Evangelion and Apostolikon (144 AD). Marcionite Church, 2020. ISBN 978-0578641591.Tertullian. Adversus Marcionem. Ed. and trans. Ernest Evans. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1972.Irenaeus. Adversus Haereses. In Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 1, ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing, 1885.Epiphanius. Panarion, Book 42. Trans. Frank Williams. The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis: Book I. 2nd ed. Leiden: Brill, 2009.Lactantius. De Mortibus Persecutorum, 12.3–5.Le Bas, Philippe, and William H. Waddington. Inscriptions grecques et latines recueillies en Grèce et en Asie Mineure. Vol. 3, Inscription 2558. Paris: Firmin-Didot, 1870. [Deir Ali / Lebaba inscription, 318 AD.]Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana. Codex Vaticanus Arch. B. S. Pietro A 3 (Vat. lat. 214664). Digital Vatican Library. https://digi.vatlib.it/mss/detail/214664BeDuhn, Jason D. The First New Testament: Marcion's Scriptural Canon. Salem, OR: Polebridge Press, 2013.Harnack, Adolf von. Marcion: The Gospel of the Alien God. Trans. John E. Steely and Lyle D. Bierma. Durham, NC: Labyrinth Press, 1990. (Orig. German ed. 1921/1924.)Hays, Christopher M. “Marcion vs. Luke: A Response to the Plädoyer of Matthias Klinghardt.” Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft 99 (2008): 213–232.Kelama, Darren, and A. W. Mitchell. “The 29 AD Eclipse-Seismic Theophany: Astronomical and Historical Evidence for the Primitive Christian Evangelion and the Resolution of the Phlegonian Conflation.” Journal of Pre-Nicene Christian Studies 2/1 (2026). DOI 10.5281/zenodo.18291492.Klinghardt, Matthias. The Oldest Gospel and the Formation of the Canonical Gospels. Leuven: Peeters, 2021. (Orig. German ed. 2015.)Knox, John. Marcion and the New Testament: An Essay in the Early History of the Canon. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1942.Lieu, Judith. Marcion and the Making of a Heretic: God and Scripture in the Second Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.Mitchell, A. W. “The Theophanic Replacement Protocol: A Forensic Reconstruction of Divine Identity Theft, Textual Erasure, and the Formation of Nicene Christianity.” Journal of Pre-Nicene Christian Studies 1/5 (2025). DOI 10.5281/zenodo.17964659.MarcioniteChurch.org

BUFFALO, NY – August 25, 2026 – A new precision oncology paper was #published in Volume 17 of Oncotarget on August 14, 2026, titled “Systematic methodological flaws in DNA contamination assessment of mRNA vaccines: A critical analysis of Achs et al. (2025).” The article was led by first and corresponding author Kevin McKernan from Medicinal Genomics, Beverly, Massachusetts, along with co-authors David J. Speicher from Cyrus Scientific Inc, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and Jessica Rose from Brownstone Institute, Austin, Texas. Rather than presenting a new experimental vaccine analysis, the paper critically examines the methodology used by Achs et al. in a 2025 study that reported no excessive residual DNA impurities in COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. McKernan and colleagues argue that several methodological choices in that study could systematically underestimate residual DNA and therefore limit its suitability for regulatory safety assessment. One major concern involves how quantitative PCR results were converted from DNA copy numbers into mass. Achs et al. used full-length plasmid molecular weight in their calculations even though their own sequencing data suggested much shorter median DNA fragment sizes. The critique argues that this approach requires fragmentation-correction factors because random DNA breakage can disrupt qPCR target regions and reduce the number of detectable amplicons. Without such correction, the authors contend that residual DNA mass may be underestimated. The paper also highlights the importance of primer and amplicon design. Achs et al. used qPCR targets with substantially different amplicon lengths, including shorter kanamycin-resistance targets and longer spike-encoding targets. Because the reported median DNA fragment sizes were approximately 130–201 base pairs, longer amplicons would be less likely to remain intact after fragmentation. The authors therefore argue that this design could preferentially reduce detection of spike-associated DNA relative to shorter plasmid regions. DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28913 Correspondence to - Kevin McKernan - Kevin.McKernan@medicinalgenomics.com Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xSWS3HDQUus Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://oncotarget.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Foncotarget.28913 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Oncotarget - https://www.oncotarget.com/subscribe/ Keywords - cancer, mRNA vaccines, DNA contamination, qPCR; plasmid DNA, RNA:DNA hybrids To learn more about Oncotarget, please visit https://www.oncotarget.com and connect with us: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Oncotarget/ X - https://twitter.com/oncotarget Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/oncotargetjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@OncotargetJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/oncotarget Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/oncotarget/ Reddit - https://www.reddit.com/user/Oncotarget/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/0gRwT6BqYWJzxzmjPJwtVh MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most difficult cancers to treat, in part because mutations in the KRAS gene are extraordinarily common in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). These mutations keep growth-promoting signals switched on, allowing cancer cells to proliferate and survive. Although drugs targeting certain KRAS mutations have emerged in recent years, they work against only a subset of mutant forms, leaving a need for strategies capable of targeting a broader range of KRAS-driven cancers. A research paper published in Volume 17 of Oncotarget, titled “The anticancer effects of PCAIs in pancreatic cancer cells involve MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways hyperactivation,” investigated a class of experimental compounds known as polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors, or PCAIs. Rather than simply shutting down signaling pathways normally associated with cancer growth, the researchers uncovered a more unexpected effect: PCAIs pushed some of these pathways into unusually high activity while simultaneously promoting oxidative stress, disrupting cell structure, and triggering cancer cell death. Full blog post - https://www.oncotarget.org/2026/08/24/experimental-compounds-push-cancer-promoting-pathways-into-overdrive-in-pancreatic-cancer-cells/ DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28879 Correspondence to - Nazarius S. Lamango - nazarius.lamango@famu.edu Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asbhjME7rFQ Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://oncotarget.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Foncotarget.28879 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Oncotarget - https://www.oncotarget.com/subscribe/ Keywords - cancer, PCAIs, PDAC, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, KRAS To learn more about Oncotarget, please visit https://www.oncotarget.com and connect with us on social media: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Oncotarget/ X - https://twitter.com/oncotarget Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/oncotargetjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@OncotargetJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/oncotarget Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/oncotarget/ Reddit - https://www.reddit.com/user/Oncotarget/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/0gRwT6BqYWJzxzmjPJwtVh MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

In this episode of Communicable, Amy Legg (Brisbane, Australia), Rekha Pai Mangalore (Melbourne, Australia) & Angela Huttner (Geneva, Switzerland) return for the third part of the ‘We will make you love PK/PD' series. The hosts are joined by two experts, Amanda Gwee (Melbourne, Australia) & Sebastian Wicha (Hamburg, Germany), to dive into an important application of PK/PD: model-informed precision dosing (MIPD), and how it allows for more informed, individualised dosing decisions. The episode also covers the open-access educational tools, KidsCalc and TDMx, developed by Gwee and Wicha respectively, and the steps clinicians can take to put MIPD into practice, keeping the individual patient at the centre of dosing decisions.Resources TDMx, https://www.tdmx.eu/KidsCalc, https://www.kidscalc.org/Further readingBroeker A, et al. Towards precision dosing of vancomycin: a systematic evaluation of pharmacometric models for Bayesian forecasting. CMI 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.02.029Brusamarello C, et al. How important are MIC determination methods when targeting vancomycin levels in patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections? J Antimicrob Chemother 2021. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab065De Cock PA, et al. Bedside model-informed precision dosing of vancomycin in severely ill neonates and children in Belgium (the BENEFICIAL trial): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2026. DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00385-2  Gwee A, et al. Identifying a therapeutic target for vancomycin against staphylococci in young infants. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab469Haiping X, et al. Model-informed precision dosing of vancomycin in children 3 months to 18 years of age using Australia-wide data. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2026. DOI: 10.1128/aac.01840-25  Harwood K, et al. Refining Absolute GFR Estimation in Children: Development and Validation of the GROW-GFR Equation. Front Pharmacol 2026. Minichmayr IK, et al. Model-informed precision dosing: State of the art and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115421Starp J, et al. Towards model-informed precision dosing of intravenous linezolid: a multicentre external evaluation of pharmacokinetic models in critically ill adults. CMI 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2025.08.032Wilkins AL, et al. Individualized vancomycin dosing in infants: prospective evaluation of an online dose calculator. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106728 US National Kidney Foundation for different equations for kidney function estimates as related to drug dosing – estimating kidney function for medication related decisions: Frequently Asked Questions | National Kidney Foundation

Inflammation is an important and necessary part of the body's healing process. It's also long been a wellness buzzword used to sell products that do very little to treat it. This week, we look at inflammation through the lens of a new Mother Jones article, “The Great Inflammation Panic,” including an interview with the author, Julia Métraux, in segment two. We'll also discuss what inflammation is, how wellness influencers weaponize it, and what it represents in the context of Ayurveda. Show Notes The Great Inflammation Panic Chronic Inflammation and Cancer NIH Autoimmune Diseases Celiac Disease Cambridge press release — "Chronic diseases misdiagnosed as psychosomatic can lead to long term damage" Sloan et al., "I still can't forget those words" — Rheumatology (2025), DOI 10.1093/rheumatology/keaf115 Vasculitis diagnostic-delay data — PubMed Miranda Fricker interview — Philosophy Bites Bleuler 1911 coinage — NCBI Bookshelf, The Metamorphosis of Autism Bleuler's original 1911 text excerpt — Autism History Project Sontag, "Illness as Metaphor" — full text, NYRB Louise Hay — Natural Ways to Treat Autoimmune Disease Gabor Maté, When the Body Says No — critical review, Globe and Mail Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We're pretty good at deciding what we want. The harder part is working out why we want it, whether the goal actually belongs to us, and what we need to do today to move towards it.In this episode, I break down my approach to values, goals, strategy and action, exploring the psychology of self-concordance, behavioural activation and motivation, and how I use this framework to create a realistic morning routine when life is already full.I also introduce Weekly Friction, where this week I'm questioning when social media stops being work and starts becoming scrolling.Research: Sheldon, K. M., & Elliot, A. J. (1999). Goal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: The Self-Concordance Model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(3), 482–497.DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.76.3.482Sezer, B., et al. (2025). Goal motives, goal-regulatory processes, psychological needs, and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Motivation Science, 11(3), 259–276.DOI: 10.1037/mot0000366

Today's crossword, a debut (

The Swing Riots took place in eastern and southern England in the years between the Luddite uprising and the Rebecca Riots. One of the hallmarks of the riots was the destruction of threshing machines – but that’s just part of the story. Research: Caprettini, Bruno and Hans-Joachim Voth. “Rage Against the Machines: Labor-saving Technology and Unrest in England, 1830-32.” American Economic Review: Insights. Vol. 2, no. 3, September 2020. https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/aeri.20190385 Carl J. Griffin, “Luddism, Machine-Breaking and the Swing Riots”, Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique [Online], XXX-1 | 2025, Online since 13 January 2025, connection on 14 April 2026. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/rfcb/12984 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/133dc Chiltern Open Air Museum. “What were the Swing Riots?” https://www.coam.org.uk/blogs/swing-riots Cobbett, William. “Selections from Cobbett's political works : being a complete abridgment of the 100 volumes which comprise the writings of ‘Porcupine’ and the ‘Weekly political register.’” London. Anne Cobbett. 1835. Dyck, Ian. "Cobbett, William (1763–1835), political writer and farmer." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. September 23, 2004. Oxford University Press. Date of access 22 Jul. 2026, https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-5734 Griffin, Carl J. “Swing, Swing Redivivus, or Something After Swing? On the Death Throes of a Protest Movement, December 1830-December 1833.” International Review of Social History. Vol. 54, No. 3. December 2009. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44583279 Griffin, Carl J. “The Violent Captain Swing?” Past & Present, Nov. 2010. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40960936 Hampshire History. “The Swing Riots in Hampshire.” https://www.hampshire-history.com/the-swing-riots/ History Hub. “William Cobbett: a champion of the rural poor and the reform of Parliament | Documentary.” YouTube. 10/22/2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tWO4wjfqJBw Jones, Peter. “Finding Captain Swing: Protest, Parish Relations, and the State of the Public Mind in 1830.” International Review of Social History. Vol. 54, No. 3. December 2009. Via JSTOR. http://www.jstor.com/stable/44583278 Kellett, Ian. “’Swing’ Rioters Smash Machinery at Pythouse near Tisbury.” Shaftesbury Gold Hill Museum. https://goldhillmuseum.org.uk/swing-rioters-smash-machinery-at-pythouse-near-tisbury/ Navickas, Katrina. “Captain Swing in the North: the Carlisle Riots of 1830.” History Workshop Journal. No. 71. Spring 2011. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41306809 Navickas, Katrina. “Rural Resistance and the Swing Riots.” Protest and the Politics of Space. http://protesthistory.org.uk/moors/rural-resistance-and-the-swing-riots Randall, Adrian. “‘The Luddism of the poor’: Captain Swing, machine breaking and popular protest.” Southern History, 32, 2010, pp. 41-61. Randall, Adrian. “Captain Swing: A Retrospect.” International Review of Social History. Vol. 54, No. 3. December 2009. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44583277 Wells, Roger. “Mr William Cobbett, Captain Swing, and King William IV.” Agricultural History Review, Volume 45 Part 1 (1997), pp. 34–48. https://www.bahs.org.uk/AGHR/ARTICLE.html?ID=439&MOD=this See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Credits: 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™   CME/CE Information and Claim Credit: https://www.pri-med.com/online-education/podcast/frankly-speaking-cme-497 Overview: While the 2026 ACC/AHA dyslipidemia guidelines may seem overwhelming, we've got you covered. Join us as we walk through the latest recommendations—from risk calculation to treatment targets to testing—and take a close look at the rationale behind the guidelines, so you can guide patients with confidence. Episode resource links: JACC. Published online March 13, 2026. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2025.11.016 NEJM: 2026;394:1365-1375 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2600283 JAMA. 2022;328(8):754–771. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.12138 Guest: Robert A. Baldor MD, FAAFP   Music Credit: Matthew Bugos Thoughts? Suggestions? Email us at FranklySpeaking@pri-med.com  The views expressed in this podcast are those of Dr. Domino and his guests and do not necessarily reflect the views of Pri-Med.

Welcome to the latest episode (August 2026) of DOC Updates, where every month Neil Skolnik, MD and John Russell, MD review the most important articles on diabetes, obesity, and cardiometabolic disease. This month on DOC Updates: Hirsh Elhence, Jennifer L. Dodge, Stephen Fuest, et al. National Prevalence of Clinical Obesity by BMI Class: A National Cross-Sectional Study. Ann Intern Med. [Epub 2 June 2026]. doi:10.7326/ANNALS-25-05287 Eva Johnsen, et al. Achieving at Least 15% Weight Loss Within 2 Years of Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis Is Associated With Lower Risks of Macrovascular and Microvascular Complications: A U.K. Cohort Study. Diabetes Care 20 July 2026; 49 (8): 1480–1489. doi.org/10.2337/dc26-0937 Carel W. le Roux, et al. Survodutide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Adults with Obesity. The New England Journal of Medicine June 2026 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2600751 Yu Wang, Shichao Tang, Xilin Zhou, Ping Zhang. National Trends in Out-of-Pocket Cost for Glucose-Lowering Drugs Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes, 2000–2022. Diabetes Care 20 July 2026; 49 (8): 1414–1419. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc25-2040 Jelle M. Beernink, et al. Effect of Finerenone on Albuminuria in Type 1 Diabetes by Baseline HbA1c Level and Diabetes Duration: An Exploratory Analysis of the FINE-ONE Trial. Diabetes Care 20 July 2026; 49 (8): 1434–1441. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc26-0882 Welch M, Forst T, Jia W et al. Orforglipron compared with dapagliflozin in adults with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control with metformin (ACHIEVE-2): a multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority, open-label, phase 3 trial. The Lancet, 2026; 408, 125-140 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(26)00800-7 Presented by: Neil Skolnik, MD, Professor of Family and Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University; Associate Director, Family Medicine Residency Program, Abington Jefferson Health John J. Russell, MD, Professor of Family and Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University; Chair-Department of Family Medicine, Abington Jefferson Health DOC Updates is a monthly podcast that presents and discusses the latest clinically relevant articles from the American Diabetes Association's three science and medical journals—Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetes, Obesity, and CardioMetabolic CARE. Intended for practicing physicians and health care professionals, DOC Updates discusses how the latest research is relevant in clinical practice. For information about the American Diabetes Association's scholarly journals, visit diabetesjournals.org. For more about this podcast, click here.

Credits: 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™   CME/CE Information and Claim Credit: https://www.pri-med.com/online-education/podcast/frankly-speaking-cme-497 Overview: While the 2026 ACC/AHA dyslipidemia guidelines may seem overwhelming, we've got you covered. Join us as we walk through the latest recommendations—from risk calculation to treatment targets to testing—and take a close look at the rationale behind the guidelines, so you can guide patients with confidence. Episode resource links: JACC. Published online March 13, 2026. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2025.11.016 NEJM: 2026;394:1365-1375 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2600283 JAMA. 2022;328(8):754–771. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.12138 Guest: Robert A. Baldor MD, FAAFP   Music Credit: Matthew Bugos Thoughts? Suggestions? Email us at FranklySpeaking@pri-med.com  The views expressed in this podcast are those of Dr. Domino and his guests and do not necessarily reflect the views of Pri-Med.

Colorectal cancer does not develop in isolation. Cancer cells exist within a complex tumor microenvironment made up of fibroblasts, immune cells, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix. Increasing evidence suggests that these surrounding cells and structures can influence whether tumors grow, regress, or evade the immune system. A research paper published in Volume 17 of Oncotarget, titled “Microenvironmental CTHRC1 has a pro-tumorigenic role in colorectal cancer,” investigated the role of collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1), a secreted protein found in cancer-associated stroma. Full blog post - https://www.oncotarget.org/2026/08/10/cthrc1-in-the-tumor-microenvironment-drives-colorectal-cancer-growth-in-mouse-study/ DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28878 Correspondence to: Sergey Ryzhov - Sergey.Ryzhov@mainehealth.org; Volkhard Lindner- Volkhard.Lindner@mainehealth.org; Michaela R. Reagan - Michaela.Reagan@mainehealth.org Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTbYy6vGd7E Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://oncotarget.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Foncotarget.28878 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Oncotarget - https://www.oncotarget.com/subscribe/ Keywords - cancer, Cthrc1, CRC, colorectal cancer, subcutaneous tumor model, immune analysis To learn more about Oncotarget, please visit https://www.oncotarget.com and connect with us: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Oncotarget/ X - https://twitter.com/oncotarget Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/oncotargetjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@OncotargetJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/oncotarget Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/oncotarget/ Reddit - https://www.reddit.com/user/Oncotarget/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/0gRwT6BqYWJzxzmjPJwtVh MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

BUFFALO, NY – August 10, 2026 – A new #research paper was #published in Volume 17 of Oncotarget on August 7, 2026, titled “Delayed growth of SK-ES-1 Ewing sarcoma tumor xenografts is associated with reduced Trk and IGF1R pathway markers.” The study was led by first author Bruna Almeida dos Santos and corresponding author Caroline Brunetto de Farias, primarily affiliated with the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul and the National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology (INCT BioOncoPed), with de Farias also affiliated with the Children's Cancer Institute (ICI) in Brazil. The research team investigated whether targeting tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) and related signaling pathways could interfere with Ewing sarcoma growth. Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive cancer that primarily affects children and adolescents and can arise in bone or soft tissue. Although modern multimodal treatments have substantially improved outcomes for patients with localized disease, the prognosis remains considerably poorer for metastatic or relapsed Ewing sarcoma. This has driven efforts to identify molecular pathways that could provide additional therapeutic targets. One potential target involves the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases. TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC are encoded by the NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3 genes, respectively, and regulate intracellular signaling pathways involved in cell survival, differentiation, and growth. Previous work from the research group showed that TrkA and TrkB are expressed in Ewing sarcoma and that blocking these receptors can reduce tumor-cell proliferation. Full press release - https://www.oncotarget.com/news/pr/trk-and-igf1r-related-signaling-linked-to-delayed-ewing-sarcoma-growth/ DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28911 Correspondence to - Caroline Brunetto de Farias - cbfarias@zielbiosciences.com Abstract video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZG-vhYfHjuw Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://oncotarget.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Foncotarget.28911 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Oncotarget - https://www.oncotarget.com/subscribe/ Keywords - cancer, Ewing sarcoma, K252a, Trk, NTRK, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor To learn more about Oncotarget, please visit https://www.oncotarget.com and connect with us: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Oncotarget/ X - https://twitter.com/oncotarget Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/oncotargetjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@OncotargetJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/oncotarget Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/oncotarget/ Reddit - https://www.reddit.com/user/Oncotarget/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/0gRwT6BqYWJzxzmjPJwtVh MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

Today, we are taking a deep dive into an intervention that almost every labor and delivery unit in North America has adopted over the last decade: Quantitative Blood Loss, or QBL. ACOG first recommended quantitative blood loss assessment in Committee Opinion Number 794, published in December 2019. This opinion recommended that every birthing facility implement a standardized, quantitative method for measuring cumulative blood loss at all deliveries, replacing visual estimation as the default approach. This built on earlier ACOG efforts, including the 2015 reVITALize initiative, which standardized obstetric data definitions and defined postpartum hemorrhage using cumulative measured blood loss thresholds (≥1,000 mL regardless of delivery route, or blood loss accompanied by signs/symptoms of hypovolemia). We've all weighed sponges, measured calibrated drapes, and run the math. But here's the million-dollar question: Does measuring blood loss accurately, on its own, actually improve outcomes for patients? The answer is YES….and NO at the same time. Listen in for details as we discuss new data (July 2026 in AJOG) on this topic. 1. White A, Burns RN, Pruszynski JE, Ravindra D, Fin KX, Montgomery T, Jestes E, Ambia AM, Anyaehie B, Duryea EL. Establishing Normal Blood Loss Thresholds at the Time of Delivery Based on Quantitative Blood Loss. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2026 Jul. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2026.07.028. S0002-9378(26)00395-9. YMOB 16849.2. Quantitative Blood Loss in Obstetric Hemorrhage: ACOG COMMITTEE OPINION, Number 794.Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2019. Committee on Obstetric Practice3. Coomarasamy A, Devall AJ, Bell S, et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Postpartum Haemorrhage: A Race Against Time. Lancet. 2026.

Hey Everyone,  Here are the pictures and patterns that are relevant to Part 1 on of metamorphosis - focusing in incomplete metamorphosis and the critters that do that.  (Primarily mayflies, stoneflies and dragon and damselflies).  First, though, as promised in the podcast, here is what a silverfish looks like.  A little worse for wear - he's (or she) has been pickled for 8 years, so it's lost a lot of its color.  Normally, they are a very silver color - hence the name.   In some ways you may say this looks a little like a mayfly nymph.   In real life, looking at them, you would not mistake them as being different.  The next thing I wanted to do is give you a step by step on tying a gold ribbed possum ear.  American Opossum is a highly under used fly tying material, in my humble opinion.  It has a wonderful transluscence.  Here is a nice discussion on uses:   https://flymphforum.com/viewtopic.php?t=10529&sid=1825d397c1ad8d45a10d56ac80e5e48b But what I want to talk about is my pattern that represents the light colored stage of aquatic insects while their exoskeleton is hardening.  Entomologists call this a teneral stage.   Here is a picture of the outcome - a Gold Ribbed Possum Ear - obviously a joke, as possums don't have any fur on their ears, and inappropriately abbreviated as GROPE.  First step is finding yourself a possum mask - like this.   Where the question becomes, where do you get one?  My brother was a trapper in Kansas so I was well supplied.  When I run out I'll likely order from Moscow Hide and Fur.   Use any nymph hook you prefer.  And I use a light or white thread.    Trim off a pile of guard hairs to make the tail and tie that in.  And tire in the gold wire.  Of course, my tying desk is a mess, so I grabbed the silver.  Go figger Here is the cool part.  Get yourself a dubbing rake.  These are the slickest most under appreciated fly tying tool.   Selene used to carry them in her fly shop, I presume she still does or can order them: Selene's Fly Shop.  The ones she carried are much nicer than this one.   All you do is rake it across your material and you get a nice pile of dubbing - with guard hairs mixed in!   Dub in your abdomen, wrap up your wire rib.  For a wing case I use any white feather. I generally like something with some patterning - like a turkey wing quill.   Obviously, you use the white sections of the quill.  Spray with artists' fixative (smells much better than Aqua Net).  I'm in no way affiliated with this brand. I'm sure they all work fine and smell better than Aquanet.  I've been around pig farms in rural Wisconsin that smelled better than Aquanet.   And tie in a slip to make a wing case.   Finish up your thorax with more Opossum Mask, fold over your wing case and tie a nice neat head.  Then, use dubbing brush to brush out all those great guard hairs to make it nice and buggy.  Again, here is what it looks like:   Pretty cool, huh?  OK, next I want to show you some exuvia (or shed skins) from some aquatic insects that have left the water to molt into their adult terrestrial form.   This is a cool pic, in that not only does it show a golden stone exuvia, but if you look around it, you will see multiple mayfly exuvia - including one on the stonefly!   These are probably mayfly duns molting into spinners. But still pretty cool.  And then here is a dragonfly exuvia.  I've mentioned this before - but check out those white fibers - those are the chitin lined tracheae - or breathing tubes.  When they molt, the turn inside out, like socks when you take them off.  We'll see some more examples of that shortly.  Ah, then I started talking about the work I'm doing looking at the diet of Aroostook County Brook Trout.  Check this out - this is a 2 1/2" crayfish I pulled out of the stomach of a 13" trout.  That is the equivalent of me swallowing a lobster whole.  I certainly can gobble up a full lobster, but I do have to admit, I don't eat it whole - no matter how much I'd like to be a native Mainer.  Note how it looks like a cooked lobster.  That is because there are proteins in the shell/exoskeleton that, while normally green or brown, unravel or become denatured when exposed to heat or acid.  Specifically, the protein is called crustacyanin.  When cooked, or exposed to any denaturing agent (like acid in you stomach) it exposes the astaxanthin which is a red color.  You may be most familiar with this concept of protein denaturization when you cook an egg white.  Normally clear, but when cooked and denatured, it turns white.  You can also "cook" an egg white with vinegar.  Cool, huh?  Somewhere along the line I said I'd post a picture of what the darkened wings look like on a nymph before it is going to hatch. Here is one on a Baetis nymph:  Here is a cool close up picture showing the pattern on those wing pads - which I always think is so cool.    Ok, next I'm going to post a series of pictures showing a dragonfly nymph molting.   OK, here the nymph has just begun to molt.  Note the white fibers of the trachea pulling out.  Also note how the wings are not expanded.  Here you can see how the insect has successfully extracted itself from it's old exoskeleton.  The wings are starting to expand, but note how the abdomen does not look like a normal dragonfly abdomen.  It has yet to stretch out and force the hemolymph (kind of like blood) into the wings.   Another view, a little bit further along in the process.  The wings are starting to expand.  Note how they are held over their back more like a mayfly, rather than a dragonfly.   This next video will show an incredible sequence of a dragonfly nymph crawling up the rock, while the dragonfly we've seen photographs of above, completes its molt and flies off - note how it's wings spread out and dry for a bit before it dries off.  Also note it's color.  That is not it's final color - it is in a teneral stage - where it's exoskeleton hasn't hardened completely and the final color hasn't developed.   https://traffic.libsyn.com/forcedn/anglersentomology/IMG_0156.mp4 I think that is a really cool series of pics and a video.  It is kind of a let down of following that up with just a fly pattern I like, but there you go:  Here is my version of an Assam Dragon - which is a great simple fly.  This one is tied with a strip of red squirrel body fur.  It is out of my working box - so as usual, those are the rejects - and it looks like the soft hackle neck/legs are missing.  Either torn off by a trout, or more likely, I forgot to put it on, which is why it is in my working box.  Doi.     Hook: Wetfly size 12 or 10 Body: A palmered strip of mole skin or red squirrel skin. Hackle: A few turns of an apopriately colored hen hackle. Eyes:  Originally bead chain painted black.  You can also use weighted dumb bell eyes.   and then here is my favorite imitation of a damselfly nymph - Again, very simple:  Tail and abdomen.  Floss - of the appropriate color - olive, tan or dark brown Ribbing: Gold wire if you want Wing case - ribbing wrapped to the eye and then folded back like legs, but on top.  Eyes - little plastic ones or bead chain, or in this example, nuttin.  That's it, and talk to you next time!       

Quelle est la plus vieille invention entre le papier, la géométrie et l'esclavage ? Sans surprise, l'esclavage est le grand gagnant, étant apparu comme l'écriture durant le Néolithique. Depuis le temps, il y a eu beaucoup de révoltes d'esclaves, dont certaines qui ont marqué l'Histoire, comme Spartacus. Mais aujourd'hui, pas d'Antiquité, pas d'Empire romain, on va partir au Brésil et parler de la plus longue révolte d'esclaves de la colonisation de l'Amérique : le quilombo de Palmares !Bonne écoute !

Hallie C. Prescott, MD, MSc, joins CHEST® Journal Podcast Moderator Alice Gallo De Moraes, MD, FCCP, to discuss her research into the impact of timely antibiotic delivery and fluid resuscitation on discharge to home after sepsis. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2026.03.002 Disclaimer: The purpose of this activity is to expand the reach of CHEST content through awareness, critique, and discussion. All articles have undergone peer review for methodologic rigor and audience relevance. Any views asserted are those of the speakers and are not endorsed by CHEST. Listeners should be aware that speakers' opinions may vary and are advised to read the full corresponding journal article(s) for complete context. This content should not be used as a basis for medical advice or treatment, nor should it substitute the judgment used by clinicians in the practice of evidence-based medicine.  

Jean Nachega is a professor of infectious diseases and the director of the Biomedical Research Institute at Stellenbosch University and an associate professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health. Stephen Morrissey, the interviewer, is the Executive Managing Editor of the Journal. A. Zumla and Others. Ebola at 50 — Lessons for Outbreak Response and Preparedness. N Engl J Med 2026;395:527-529. S. Tonen-Wolyec and L. Bélec. The Social Contract of Bundibugyo Ebola Isolation. N Engl J Med. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp2607429.

Heat waves don’t get as much attention as blizzards, floods, and hurricanes, but extreme heat is one of the deadliest weather events on average. Research: National Weather Service. “Weather Related Fatality and Injury Statistics.” https://www.weather.gov/hazstat Last, John. “This Summer’s Drought Is Europe’s Worst in 500 Years. What Happened Last Time?” Smithsonian Magazine. 9/8/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/this-summers-drought-is-europes-worst-in-500-years-what-happened-last-time-180980711/ Wetter, Oliver; Seneviratne, Sonia I. et al. “The year-long unprecedented European heat and drought of 1540 - a worst case.” Climatic Change 125(3-4), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1184-2 Orth, Rene et al. “Did European temperatures in 1540 exceed present-day records?” Environmental Research Letters. 11 (2016) 114021 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/11/114021. United Nations Environment Programme. “Impacts of summer 2003 heat wave in Europe.” Environmental Alert Bulletin. https://www.unisdr.org/files/1145_ewheatwave.en.pdf Pfister, Christian. “The ‘Black Swan’ of 1540: Aspects of a European Megadrought.” From Climate Change and Cultural Transition in Europe. Brill. 1/1/2018. doi:10.1163/9789004356825_007 Grodzinsky, Ewa, and Märta Sund Levander. “History of the Thermometer.” Understanding Fever and Body Temperature: A Cross-disciplinary Approach to Clinical Practice 23–35. 23 Aug. 2019, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21886-7_3 John Huxham, Dr. Watson. “Remarks upon the Heat of the Air in July 1757. in an Extract of a Letter from John Huxham, M. D. F. R. S. to William Watson, M. D. F. R S. Dated at Plymouth 19th of That Month. With Additional Remarks by Dr. Watson.” Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vol. 50 (1757 - 1758), pp. 428-430 (3 pages). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/105279. Huxham, John. “An Account of the Extraordinary Heat of the Weather in July 1757, and of the Effects of It. In a Letter from John Huxham, M. D. F. R. S. to Wm. Watson, M. D. F. R. S..” Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vol. 50 (1757 - 1758). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/105292 Smeaton, John. “Remarks on the Different Temperature of the Air at Edystone, from That Observed at Plymouth, between the 7th and 14th of July 1757. By Mr. John Smeaton, F. R. S.” Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vol. 50 (1757 - 1758). https://www.jstor.org/stable/105286 Sunderland, Helen. “The Great British Summer? A Historical Heatwave.” Doing History In Public. 8/12/2025. https://doinghistoryinpublic.org/2025/08/12/the-great-british-summer-a-historical-heatwave/ Scott, John. “Four elegies, descriptive and moral.” London J. Buckland. 1760. The Western Flying Post; or, Sherborne and Yeovil Mercury. Page 3. 8/15/1757. Lind, James. “An essay on the most effectual means of preserving the health of seamen in the Royal Navy.” 1774. Walpole, Horace. “The letters of Horace Walpole, fourth earl of Orford.” Vol. 3: 1750-1756. Oxford. 1903. Zwierlein, Cornel. "Chapter 3 The Danger between Nature and Culture: The Quotidian Threat of Urban Fires in the Premodern Era". Prometheus Tamed. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004431225_004 Web. Luterbacher, Jürg et al. “European Seasonal and Annual Temperature Variability, Trends and Extremes since 1500.” Science 303, 1499 (2004). DOI: 10.1126/science.1093877 Beniston, Martin. “The 2003 heat wave as an example of summers in a greenhouse climate? Observations and climate model simulations for Basel, Switzerland.” Global and Planetary Change. Volume 44, Issues 1–4, December 2004. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921818104000980 Franck, Marcy. “Heat waves and annual death rates in older adults in the United States.” Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. 3/16/2026. https://hsph.harvard.edu/news/heat-waves-and-annual-death-rates-in-older-adults-in-the-united-states/ Poitras, Colin. “Warming U.S. climate linked to rising deaths from heat.” Yale School of Public Health. 11/7/2025. https://ysph.yale.edu/news-article/warming-us-climate-linked-to-rising-deaths-from-heat/ World Meteorological Association. “Western Europe has hottest June on record.” 7/9/2026. https://wmo.int/media/news/western-europe-has-hottest-june-record Cole, Deborah. “Germany records nearly 100 drowning deaths, many of them young men, in June heatwave.” The Guardian. 6/12/2026. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jul/12/germany-drowning-deaths-heatwave-paris-france-spain PBS News. “Europe swelters under an early heat wave as France records 40 drowning deaths.” 6/23/2026. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/europe-swelters-under-an-early-heat-wave-as-france-records-40-drowning-deaths See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Photo: Santa Fe Indian School campus. (Courtesy Administration for Native Americans for Children & Families) U.S. Rep Melanie Stansbury (D-NM) introduced two bills this week to modernize the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) and potentially bring higher teacher salaries and more federal funding for tribal schools. KUNM's Jeanette DeDios (Jicarilla Apache and Diné) has more. The Indigenous Students Excel through Parity Act and its supporting Act II bill would create a study under the Department of Interior (DOI) to recommend reforms in order to provide funds that could increase teacher pay, and provide more educational opportunities. An identical bill is sponsored in the Senate by U.S. Sens. Martin Heinrich (D-NM) and Cynthia Lummis (R-WY). DOI administers BIE, which funds 183 schools across the country. New Mexico has one of the highest concentrations of BIE-funded schools with 44. Despite this, Rep. Stansbury says BIE schools have traditionally been underfunded, but they are competing with state-funded schools to recruit teachers. “So what this bill would do is study the current formula funds that are allocated per student to these tribally controlled schools to evaluate one how to increase funding per student, how to address increasing teacher and staff pay, and how to make sure that those schools who have extra costs and needs can have their needs met.” Stansbury says the goal of the bills is to bring teacher salaries in tribal schools up to the same level as those in state-funded schools. “If you’re a teacher, I mean, think about it, and you really want to work in a tribal community, whether you are a Native person yourself or not. And you’re looking at the difference of getting paid, let’s say, $50,000 by the federal government versus going and teaching in APS (Albuquerque Public Schools) making $60,000, you know, you’re going to have to make that economic decision for yourself and your family, and so we don’t want teachers to have to make that decision. We want teachers to be teaching in the schools they want to.” The proposed bill does not have a cost included with it, but if the study recommendations are enacted, BIE would have to boost funding for tribal schools. Jaynie Parrish and her father drop off ballots at the one county ballot box in their town of Kayenta, Ariz., left, and members of Arizona Native Vote's Hopi team, the Firekeepers, register younger community members in Bacavi, Ariz. (Photos: Jason Biggs / courtesy Jaynie Parrish) The U.S. Supreme Court recently ruled that mail-in ballots that arrive after Election Day can still be counted. While the move is a win for Arizona’s Indigenous voters, it highlights the challenges Native people still face in rural parts of the state, as Mark Moran reports. Voting rights advocates say the debate highlights the challenges Native people face in trying to submit a ballot in person. The sheer geography, vast distances between physical polling places, and lack of transportation all present obstacles for Indigenous voters. In many places, the nearest polling place may be miles away, but Arizona Native Vote’s Jaynie Parrish says many people on reservations also lack physical addresses, which creates its own set of problems. “Even in some rural towns, they have physical addressing, but not on a lot of Tribal lands. We still predominantly use PO boxes. That means we have to go to a U.S. Post Office or another location to pick up mail, but our folks still vote by mail.” The Trump administration has pushed back on the high court’s ruling, asking justices to allow the president’s executive order to be implemented. The attempt to reject mail-in ballots received after Election Day is among a host of bold policy choices under the Trump administration. Parrish also points to efforts to challenge voter citizenship, which she says hit especially hard on Native reservations. “It’s just absurd. You get a look on people’s face when we have to explain this or when they hear about the news or what this means, and it’s another barrier. And it’s ridiculous to ask First Peoples, Indigenous Peoples of their citizenship.” According to research from the Brennan Center, Indigenous voters were about 7% less likely to cast their ballot by mail in the last General Election, reflecting a wider lack of participation among Natives. Get National Native News delivered to your inbox daily. Sign up for our daily newsletter today. Download our NV1 Android or iOs App for breaking news alerts. Check out today’s Native America Calling episode Thursday, July 30, 2026 — The Menu: food heals in books ‘Our Knives Will Save Us’ and ‘Raven, Rising’

Wir springen in dieser Folge in die USA, genauer nach San José in Kalifornien. Dort steht ein auf den ersten Blick rätselhaftes Gebäude, bekannt als das Winchester Mystery House. Es ist heute eine viel besuchte Attraktion, der eine geisterhafte Legende zugrunde liegt. Wir sprechen in dieser Folge über diese Legende: wie dieses Haus zustande kam, wer die angeblich so geheimnisvolle Bauherrin war und warum gerade das Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts in den USA ein so fruchtbarer Boden für Geistergeschichten ist. // Erwähnte Folgen - GAG237: Friedrich Anton Mesmer und der Animalische Magnetismus – https://gadg.fm/237 - GAG505: William H. Mumler, Geisterfotograf – https://gadg.fm/505 - GAG546: Sarah Biffin, Miniaturmalerin – https://gadg.fm/546 // Literatur - Haag, Pamela, The Gunning of America: Business and the Making of American Gun Culture, New York: Basic Books, 2016. - Ignoffo, Mary Jo, Captive of the Labyrinth: Sarah L. Winchester, Heiress to the Rifle Fortune, Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2010. - Junker, Christine R., „Unruly Women and Their Crazy Houses: Sarah Winchester's Unconventional Domesticity“, in: Home Cultures 12/3 (2015), S. 329–346, DOI: 10.1080/17406315.2015.1084763. - Lueck, Amy J., „Haunting Women's Public Memory: Ethos, Space, and Gender in the Winchester Mystery House“, in: Rhetoric Review 40/2 (2021), S. 107–122, DOI: 10.1080/07350198.2021.1883832. Das eingangs erwähnte Past Puzzle findet sich hier: https://www.pastpuzzle.de Hier gibt's die von Lene erwähnte "Lore"-Folge: https://www.lorepodcast.com/episodes/79 //Aus unserer Werbung Du möchtest mehr über unsere Werbepartner erfahren? Hier findest du alle Infos & Rabatte: https://linktr.ee/GeschichtenausderGeschichte //Geschichten aus der Geschichte jetzt auch als Brettspiel! Werkelt mit uns am Flickerlteppich! Gibt es dort, wo es auch Becher, T-Shirts oder Hoodies zu kaufen gibt: https://geschichte.shop // Wir sind jetzt auch bei CampfireFM! Wer direkt in Folgen kommentieren will, Zusatzmaterial und Blicke hinter die Kulissen sehen will: einfach die App installieren und unserer Community beitreten: https://www.joincampfire.fm/podcasts/22 //Wir haben auch ein Buch geschrieben: Wer es erwerben will, es ist überall im Handel, aber auch direkt über den Verlag zu erwerben: https://www.piper.de/buecher/geschichten-aus-der-geschichte-isbn-978-3-492-06363-0 Wer unsere Folgen lieber ohne Werbung anhören will, kann das über eine kleine Unterstützung auf Steady oder ein Abo des GeschichteFM-Plus Kanals auf Apple Podcasts tun. Wir freuen uns, wenn ihr den Podcast bei Apple Podcasts oder wo auch immer dies möglich ist rezensiert oder bewertet. Wir freuen uns auch immer, wenn ihr euren Freundinnen und Freunden, Kolleginnen und Kollegen oder sogar Nachbarinnen und Nachbarn von uns erzählt! Du möchtest Werbung in diesem Podcast schalten? Dann erfahre hier mehr über die Werbemöglichkeiten bei Seven.One Audio: https://www.seven.one/portfolio/sevenone-audio