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First Phosphate's CEO, John Passalacqua joined Steve Darling from Proactive to announce a significant breakthrough: the company has unveiled positive results from its Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) on the Bégin-Lamarche Property in Quebec. The PEA outlines a promising path forward for open-pit mining focused on producing high-grade phosphate concentrate, alongside secondary recovery of magnetite concentrate. According to Passalacqua, the project is set to deliver an impressive annual average of 900,000 tonnes of beneficiated phosphate concentrate with 40% P2O5 content and 380,000 tonnes of magnetite with 92% Fe2O3 content over a projected 23-year mine life. The PEA highlights robust economic metrics, including a 37.1% internal rate of return and a net present value of $2.1 billion (8% discount rate). The report also showd a 33.0% IRR and $1.59 billion NPV, after-tax cash flow of $700 million in years 1 to 3, resulting in a 2.9-year payback period from production start. Pre-tax cash flow for the same period stands at $783 million, with a 2.6-year payback. The Bégin-Lamarche Project is strategically positioned with advantageous infrastructure, including adjacent provincial road access, nearby electrical power lines, and proximity to the deep-sea Port of Saguenay, just 85 km away. With an initial capital expenditure of $675 million, the project promises efficiency in its development timeline. These results underscore First Phosphate's commitment to delivering sustainable, high-purity phosphate and magnetite products to meet growing global demand. #proactiveinvestors #firstphosphatecorp #cse #phos #otcqb #frspf #phosphate #BéginLamarcheproject #CEOInterview #CompanyUpdate #StrategicGrowth #SustainableMining #GreenApproach #Geology, #Mining, #PhosphateDrilling, #ResourceEstimate, #PEA, #MountainZone, #NorthZone, #SouthZone, #DrillProgramme, #MineralExploration, #HighGradePhosphate, #GeologicalSurvey, #MiningConsultants, #3DModel, #EconomicAssessment, #ProactiveNews, #GeologicalResources, #MineralDeposit, #invest #investing #investment #investor #stockmarket #stocks #stock #stockmarketnews
The Daily Quiz - Science and Nature Today's Questions: Question 1: What is another name for a canine tooth? Question 2: What chemical has the formula Fe2O3? Question 3: As what is the North Star also known? Question 4: Which networking protocol is used to transfer files between two computers? Question 5: In experiments, what is the name of the group that does not receive the treatment? Question 6: Named for its steely blue colour, which fish has a steelhead variety? Question 7: What is the name of the largest asteroid in the Solar System? Question 8: Which of these can cause a thunderstorm? This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Arrancamos la tercera temporada de ‘Artesanos de la Fe'. En este primer programa charlamos con Susana Rodríguez, quien siendo joven tuvo que enfrentarse al bullying, la anorexia y ya como modelo, un embarazo no deseado. Compartirá con nosotros cómo volvió a confiar su vida al Señor, participando ahora en muchos encuentros para ofrecer y compartir su testimonio con las jóvenes que atraviesan una situación similar para recordarles que el aborto nunca puede ser la solución.En el tiempo de literatura nos acompaña el arzobispo de Madrid, cardenal Carlos Osoro, autor del libro “Despertad a la misión. Cartas y reflexiones en tiempos de COVID-19” editado por PPC. Una obra con escritos y reflexiones en los que se constata que si bien durante la pandemia hemos vivido unos meses marcados por el sufrimiento, la muerte, el dolor y la oscuridad, también es cierto que en todo este tiempo se han hecho presentes de una manera admirable la esperanza, la fraternidad, el diálogo y la ayuda mutua.Y, además, la música del grupo de rock católico malagueño Basileia Revolution quien acaba de sacar a la luz su primer disco, Fe2O3. Uno de sus cuatro integrantes, Francis Salado, nos cuenta cómo este estilo musical tiene un...
Arrancamos la tercera temporada de ‘Artesanos de la Fe’. En este primer programa charlamos con Susana Rodríguez, quien siendo joven tuvo que enfrentarse al bullying, la anorexia y ya como modelo, un embarazo no deseado. Compartirá con nosotros cómo volvió a confiar su vida al Señor, participando ahora en muchos encuentros para ofrecer y compartir su testimonio con las jóvenes que atraviesan una situación similar para recordarles que el aborto nunca puede ser la solución.En el tiempo de literatura nos acompaña el arzobispo de Madrid, cardenal Carlos Osoro, autor del libro “Despertad a la misión. Cartas y reflexiones en tiempos de COVID-19” editado por PPC. Una obra con escritos y reflexiones en los que se constata que si bien durante la pandemia hemos vivido unos meses marcados por el sufrimiento, la muerte, el dolor y la oscuridad, también es cierto que en todo este tiempo se han hecho presentes de una manera admirable la esperanza, la fraternidad, el diálogo y la ayuda mutua.Y, además, la música del grupo de rock católico malagueño Basileia Revolution quien acaba de sacar a la luz su primer disco, Fe2O3. Uno de sus cuatro integrantes, Francis Salado, nos cuenta cómo este estilo musical tiene un...
full info // https://wp.me/p5WMjC-12w email // tristan@spools-out.com tweet // @SplsOut Recorded direct to tape at home an mixed using two Tascam Porta02, one Technics RS-4 and one Technics RS-B505, this week’s music comprises a big fat overlapping mix of sounds from deep in the cassette-o-sphere. What better time to deploy four tape players in your mixing setup than during a global pandemic? Behind the controls is none other than Fe203, a Format Junkie, Analogue Enthusiast, and Spool’s Out Radio Alumnus.
Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 05/06
Most renewable energy sources suffer from intermittency and have to be coupled with sophisticated energy conversion and storage technologies. An elegant solution is offered by photoelectrochemical water splitting, where solar energy is directly converted into chemical energy by splitting water into oxygen and the energy carrier hydrogen. Photoelectrochemical water splitting requires two photoelectrodes which are immersed in an aqueous electrolyte. These photoelectrodes are semiconductors with valence and conduction bands straddling the redox potential of water. Upon illumination, electrons and holes are produced, separated and transferred to the electrolyte, leading to the evolution of oxygen at the photoanode and the evolution of hydrogen at the photocathode. The resulting hydrogen can be stored, transported and then either burnt in fuel cells to regain electrical energy or used for industrial applications like the Haber-Bosch process. The photoelectrodes are often nanostructured to increase the surface area, at which the reaction takes place. This strategy has been realized with several morphologies such as nanotubes, inverse opals, etc. and has often lead to performance increases of several hundred percent. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the morphology is important and can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM is a powerful technique that allows imaging samples with a resolution down to the sub-Ångstrom scale. In addition, TEM can be combined with spectroscopic methods such as electron energyloss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to quantify the chemical composition. In this thesis, three different materials systems were studied by TEM: noble metal nanoparticles on TiO2 for hydrogen evolution with the sacrificial agent MeOH, Fe2O3/WO3 dual absorber photoanodes and photocathodes out of the novel material FeCrAl oxide. Titania is one of the most researched photoanode materials. However, it only absorbs UV light. Au and Au/Ag core-shell nanoparticles were deposited by the project partners Michael Karnahl and Sandra Peglow of the LIKAT and the INP Greifswald, respectively, on anatase thin films by photodeposition and radio frequency magnetron sputtering. These noble metal nanoparticles absorb visible light by surface plasmon resonance and also act as co-catalysts for electrons excited in the titania and injected into them. Cross-section were prepared for a detailed TEM investigation of the microstructure. The distribution of the nanoparticles varied greatly with the synthesis method, as photodeposited particles grew in and on top of the titania, whereas the plasma-deposited nanoparticles only grew on top. Different growth and coarsening mechanisms could be identified and correlated to the synthesis conditions by careful particle size distribution determination. In addition to defect-free nanoparticles, several defects such as five-fold twinning, grain boundaries and stacking faults were found. The TEM analysis was complemented by optical absorption and photocatalysis measurements, and the synthesis as well as the properties could be correlated to microstructural features. Due to its narrow band gap, hematite is a popular photoanode material. However, it also has several disadvantages, which were addressed by several studies. Tin-doping increased the transfer efficiency and therefore the photocurrent, with the tin being enriched at the surface of the hematite nanoparticles and hinting at a structure-function relationship. Deposition of a Co3O4 co-catalyst and the introduction of a conductive scaffold all further increased the photocurrent. Another performance-increasing approach, combining multiple photocatalytically active materials, was tested with Fe2O3/WO3 dual absorbers prepared by Ilina Kondofersky of the group of Prof. Thomas Bein. WO3 was systematically applied as a scaffold and/or as a surface treatment. The arrangement of the different materials and the interfaces between them was studied in detail by TEM. Both the host-guest approach and the surface treatment strongly increased the performance compared to the pure materials and several beneficial interactions could be identified. For example, WO3 strongly scatters visible light, resulting in increased absorption by Fe2O3 and higher current densities. We also determined a cathodic shift in the onset potential to 0.8 V and, compared to pure Fe2O3, increased transfer rates of up to 88 %, and can therefore conclude that the Fe2O3/WO3 dual absorbers are a very promising system. In spite of all the different performance-enhancing strategies developed so far, it is becoming apparent that all currently available materials, regardless of how heavily they are improved, will not reach sufficient performances. This has led to the search for novel materials and in this thesis, meso- and macroporous photocathodes with the overall stoichiometry Fe0.84Cr1.0Al0.16O3 were investigated in close cooperation with Ilina Kondofersky. Using TEM cross-sections, a phase separation into Fe- and Cr-rich phases was observed for both morphologies and could be correlated to the precursor stabilities. In comparison to the mesoporous layer, the macroporous photocathode had a significantly increased charge collection efficiency and therefore performance, proving the benefits of tuning the morphology. In all studies, performance-increasing strategies were successfully applied and we found the performance to depend heavily on the morphologies. By combining the results of all techniques, insight into the complex interplay between synthesis conditions, morphology and properties could be achieved and the gained knowledge is expected to benefit future work.
Learning from the concepts used by green plants photosynthesis, we have developed nanostructured systems affording efficient solar light harvesting and conversion to electricity and fuels. Solar cells using dyes or semiconducting nano-particles as light harvesters supported by mesoscopic oxide films have emerged as credible contenders to conventional p-n junction photovoltaic devices. Separating light absorption from charge carrier transport dye sensitized mesoscopic solar cells (DSCs) were the first to use a three-dimensional nanocrystalline junction for solar electricity production. The standard AM 1.5 solar to electric power conversion efficiency (PCE) has reached 12.9% for laboratory cells and 9.9 % for PV modules. PCEs over 25 % are attained under ambient and indoor light conditions. These features along with excellent long-term stability have fostered first commercial applications, the industrial production of DSC’s attaining presently the multi MW/year scale. Striking advances in the direct generation of fuels such as hydrogen from water and sunlight have been achieved by the judicious design of photosystems composed of nanostructured Fe2O3 or Cu2O.
Fakultät für Geowissenschaften - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU
Wed, 17 Jun 2009 12:00:00 +0100 https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10251/ https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10251/1/Luebbe_Maike.pdf Lübbe, Maike ddc:550, ddc:500, Fakult
The density of Ga2O3 liquid in equilibrium with air has been measured at 18000 to 19000C using an Ir double-bob Archimedean method. The data yield the following description of the density of Ga2O3 liquid: ρ= 4.8374(84)–0.00065(12)(T −18500C). This density-temperature relationship is compared with the partial molar volume of Ga2O3 in glasses in the systems CaO–Ga2O3–SiO2 and Na2O–Ga2O3–SiO2, corrected to the glass transition temperature using thermal expansivities. The comparison illustrates that a positive excess volume term is required in these systems at low temperature. This observation is similar to those deduced from studies of the partial molar volumes of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 in silicate melts.
Na2O---B2O3---SiO2 and Na2O-Ga2O3 viscosities decrease in the order aluminosilicate > ferrosilicate, (galliosilicate ?) > borosilicate. Thp electronegativities of the trivalent cations are inversely correlated with the relative viscosities of melts in these systems. Similarly, the electronegativities of network-stabilizing cations are inversely correlated with melt viscosity for alkali and alkaline-earth aluminosilicate melt systems. The variation in the viscosity of tectosilicate melts is correlated with estimated average T-O-T bond angles, and exothermic heats of solution of quench glasses. Structural controls of viscosity discussed are tetrahedral ordering and relative bond strengths. The acmite component in natural, peralkaline, silicic volcanics will not contribute directly to high melt viscosities for these lavas.
The densities of 12 melts in the Na2O-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2 system have been determined in equilibrium with air, in the temperature range of 1000–1500°C, using the double bob, Archimedean technique. Ferrous iron determinations of 100–200 mg samples, “dip” quenched from high temperature, indicate that all the melts investigated were highly oxidized under these experimental conditions. 57Fe Mössbauer spectra of glasses obtained by drop quenching 80 mg melt samples from loop equilibration runs yield Fe3+/Fe2+ data equivalent to that for the densitometry (dip) samples for all but the most viscous melt, and confirm that all but one melt equilibrated with air during the densitometry measurements. Melt densities range from 2.17 to 2.88 g/cm3 with a mean standard deviation (from replicate experiments) of 0.36%. Least squares regression of the density data at 1300, 1400 and 1500°C, was calculated, both excluding and including excess volume terms (herein named linear and nonlinear fits, respectively) and the root mean squared deviation (RMSD) of each regression was compared with the total experimental error. The partial molar volumes computed for linear fits for Na2O and SiO2 are similar to those previously reported for melts in the Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 system (Steinet al., 1986). The partial molar volumes of Fe2O3 obtained in these linear fits are equal to those obtained by Shiraishi et al. (1978) in the FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2 system but 5 to 10% lower than reported by Mo et al. (1982) in multicomponent melts. The partial molar volume exhibited by Fe3+ in this system is representative of the partial molar volume of tetrahedrally coordinated Fe3+ in silicate melts.
The densities of 10 melts in the CaO-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2 system were determined in equilibrium with air, in the temperature range of 1200 to 1550°C, using the double-bob Archimedean technique. Melt compositions range from 6 to 58 wt% SiO2, 14 to 76 wt% Fe2O3 and 10 to 46 wt% CaO. The ferric-ferrous ratios of glasses drop-quenched from loop fusion equilibration experiments were determined by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. Melt densities range from 2.689 to 3.618 gm/cm3 with a mean standard deviation from replicate experiments of 0.15%. Least-squares regressions of molar volume versus molar composition have been performed and the root mean squared deviation shows that a linear combination of partial molar volumes for the oxide components (CaO, FeO, Fe2O3 and SiO2) cannot describe the data set within experimental error. Instead, the inclusion of excess terms in CaFe3+ and CaSi (product terms using the oxides) is required to yield a fit that describes the experimental data within error. The nonlinear compositional-dependence of the molar volumes of melts in this system can be explained by structural considerations of the roles of Ca and Fe3+. The volume behavior of melts in this system is significantly different from that in the Na2O-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2 system, consistent with the proposal that a proportion of Fe3+ in melts in the CaO-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2 system is not tetrahedrally-coordinated by oxygen, which is supported by differences in 57Fe Mössbauer spectra of glasses. Specifically, this study confirms that the 57Fe Mössbauer spectra exhibit an area asymmetry and higher values of isomer shift of the ferric doublet that vary systematically with composition and temperature (this study; Dingwell and Virgo, 1987, 1988). These observations are consistent with a number of other lines of evidence (e.g., homogeneous redox equilibria, Dickenson and Hess, 1986; viscosity, Dingwell and Virgo, 1987,1988). Two species of ferric iron, varying in proportions with temperature, composition and redox state, are sufficient to describe the above observations. The presence of more than one coordination geometry for Fe3+ in low pressure silicate melts has several implications for igneous petrogenesis. The possible effects on compressibility, the pressure dependence of the redox ratio, and redox enthalpy are briefly noted.
The viscosities of two melts in the system Na2O-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2 have been measured as a function of oxidation state. The experiments were conducted by concentric-cylinder viscometry, on melts equilibrated with gas mixtures in a vertical tube, gas-mixing furnace. Viscosity determinations were made during stepwise reduction and oxidation of the melts. 57Fe Mössbauer spectra were obtained on quenched melt samples recovered during the viscometry experiments. In addition, a series of loop fusion experiments were performed at calibrated ƒO2 values in order to relate viscosity determinations directly to ƒO2. The viscosities of acmite and NS4F40 (Na-rich and Si-poor relative to acmite) melts decrease with reduction of Fe in the melts, as nonlinear functions of , yielding a region of viscosity invariance at moderate to low values of (