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What recent discoveries have there been of biblical manuscripts? And what do they mean for the textual transmission of the New Testament. In this video, I talk with Dr. Daniel B. Wallace, one of the leading textual critics today. He is the CEO and Executive Director for the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM), and the author of multiple books on Greek, the historical Jesus, and textual criticism. READ: Revisiting the Corruption of the New Testament, by Dan Wallace (https://amzn.to/3Zk4nJv) *Get a MASTERS IN APOLOGETICS or SCIENCE AND RELIGION at BIOLA (https://bit.ly/3LdNqKf) *USE Discount Code [SMDCERTDISC] for $100 off the BIOLA APOLOGETICS CERTIFICATE program (https://bit.ly/3AzfPFM) *See our fully online UNDERGRAD DEGREE in Bible, Theology, and Apologetics: (https://bit.ly/448STKK) FOLLOW ME ON SOCIAL MEDIA: Twitter: https://twitter.com/Sean_McDowell TikTok: @sean_mcdowell Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/seanmcdowell/ Website: https://seanmcdowell.org
The Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) exists to digitally preserve ancient manuscripts of the New Testament with specialized photographic equipment in order that scholars around the world may have uninhibited access to these ancient wonders in high resolution images. This advertisement, aired on CNN, serves to promote the purposes of CSNTM abroad.
Dr. Peter J. Williams, Warden of Tyndale House in Cambridge, describes the role his research institution plays in the work of textual criticism and how the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) is contributing to the field.
The Textus Receptus (TR) is the Greek New Testament text edited by Erasmus of Rotterdam. This edition was the basis for the King James Bible, the Luther Bible, and other Reformation-era translations of the New Testament. In this video, Dr. Daniel B. Wallace from the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) walks the viewer through the history of the TR.
Westcott and Hort revolutionized the way textual criticism is done. The most recognized Greek New Testaments today, the UBS 5th edition and the Nestle-Aland 28th edition, are largely derived from their text-critical methodology. One of their major contributions was the dethronement of the Textus Receptus from its place of primacy as the authoritative Greek New Testament. Westcott and Hort showed that the Byzantine manuscripts, which served as its primary texts, were secondary, late, and inferior in nature to other available manuscripts available. Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) gives a biographical account of these two famous text critics, Brooke Foss Westcott and Fenton John Anthony Hort.
The three largest discoveries of New Testament manuscripts in the last half-century are discussed by Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM). The discoveries include the uncovering of the “New Finds” manuscripts, the New Testament papyri housed at the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford University, and manuscripts in Tirana, Albania (discovered by CSNTM). Dr. Wallace also elaborates on the practice of papyrology in recognizing New Testament manuscripts.
A six-person team from the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) digitized all the Greek biblical papyri and Greek New Testament manuscripts at the Chester Beatty Library (CBL) during the summer of 2013. The Chester Beatty papyri, published in the 1930s and 1950s, are some of the oldest and most important biblical manuscripts known to exist. The New Testament papyri at the CBL include the oldest manuscript of Paul’s letters (c. 200 CE), the oldest manuscript of Mark’s Gospel and portions of the other Gospels and Acts (third century), and the oldest manuscript of Revelation (third century). The photographs taken by CSNTM reveal some text that has not been seen before.
The three largest discoveries of New Testament manuscripts in the last half-century are discussed by Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM). The discoveries include the uncovering of the “New Finds” manuscripts, the New Testament papyri housed at the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford University, and a discovery of manuscripts in Tirana, Albania discovered by CSNTM. Dr. Wallace also uses this lecture as an opportunity to discuss the practice of papyrology in recognizing New Testament manuscripts.
The Chester Beatty papyri, published in the 1930s and 1950s, are some of the oldest and most important biblical manuscripts known to exist. Housed at the Chester Beatty Library (CBL) in Dublin, they have attracted countless visitors every year. It is safe to say that the only Greek biblical manuscripts that might receive more visitors are Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Alexandrinus, both on display at the British Library. The Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) sent a six-person team, in a four-week expedition during July–August 2013, and digitized all the Greek biblical papyri at the Chester Beatty Library. The CBL has granted permission to CSNTM to post the images on their website (www.csntm.org). The New Testament papyri at the CBL include the oldest manuscript of Paul’s letters (dated c. AD 200), the oldest manuscript of Mark’s Gospel and portions of the other Gospels and Acts (third century), and the oldest manuscript of Revelation (third century). One or two of the Old Testament papyri are as old as the second century AD. Using state-of-the-art digital equipment, CSNTM photographed each manuscript against white and black backgrounds. The result was stunning. The photographs reveal some text that has not been seen before. Besides the papyri, CSNTM also digitized all of the Greek New Testament manuscripts at the CBL as well as several others, including some early apocryphal texts. The total number of images came to more than 5100.
In this video, Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) gives an introduction to the practice of New Testament Textual Criticism (NTTC) with a focus on the definition of NTTC. Dan holds that NTTC is defined by its goal to recover the wording of the no longer extant original text, or autograph, from the available, but variant, existing manuscripts (MSS).
Compared to the manuscript attestation of classical texts and secular histories, the New Testament is attested to by an embarrassment of riches. Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) describes the favorable situation of New Testament textual criticism based on the number and variety of texts where the New Testament is recorded.
The practice of New Testament Textual Criticism (NTTC) is given greater depth by Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) through providing an introduction to the use of external evidence. The three types of external evidence, namely, date and character, genealogical solidarity, and geographical distribution, are used to determine the usefulness of manuscripts (MSS) such as Codex W, p66, p75, codex 1739, and codex 1582.
Evidence for the original text of the New Testament can sometimes be found within the text itself. Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) discusses how intrinsic evidence that supports a particular reading of the text can be discovered through the literary decisions of an author or the transcriptional editing by copyists and scribes.
The combination of external evidence and internal evidence is used to resolve the textual problem that exists in Revelation 1:4. Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) uses the basic principles of textual criticism, to choose the reading that best explains the rise of the other(s), to come to the conclusion that the author, John, intentionally made a “grammatical blunder” for the purpose of making allusion to the Old Testament passage of Exodus 3:14.
In this video, the methodology of New Testament textual criticism (NTTC) is applied by Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) to Matthew 27:16-17. The manuscript evidence is scrutinized and certain principles are applied in the process, such as the dictum that the best reading is the one that best explains the rise of the other readings.
The textual problem found in Romans 5:1 reveals a textual variant represented by the subjunctive and indicative forms of a verb. A one-letter difference--between an omicron and an omega--determines whether the verse should be read, “let us have peace” or “we have peace.” Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) walks us through this issue.
Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) introduces the critical discussion of variants by defining what counts as a variant in the New Testament text. Editorial marks such as punctuation do not count whereas such differences like spelling and word order do.
The right and wrong methods of counting the number of textual variants we have amongst the manuscripts of the New Testament text is discussed by Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM). The wrong way to count them is to count manuscripts that have a particular wording. The right way to count them is to count each difference in wording regardless of how many manuscripts support them. This brings the actual count of textual variants to 400,000-500,000.
The classification of the New Testament Manuscripts by their contents is here discussed by Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM). The manuscripts are split into four groups: the Gospels, the Pauline letters and Hebrews, Acts and the general letters, and Revelation. Dr. Wallace shows that there is a great disparity between the number of manuscripts that contain the Gospels and those that contain Revelation, and he explains why this is significant.
There is a fourfold categorization of the Greek New Testament manuscripts. These four categories are papyri, uncials or majuscules, minuscules, and lectionaries. This system of categorization is discussed by Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM).
Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) lists the different forms and versions in which the New Testament is preserved outside of the Koine Greek. These different forms vary from talismans and Greek ostraca to official translations in Latin, Syriac, and other languages.
A discussion of both the value of and the problem with using Non-Greek versions of the New Testament for the purpose of New Testament textual criticism is carried on by Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM). Dr. Wallace shows how versions of the New Testament such as the Latin Version, the Coptic Version, and the Syriac Version are significant for recovering the original autographic text of the New Testament.
Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) discusses the preservation of the New Testament in the patristic writings. While there are valuable benefits of having the New Testament in the church fathers – some 1 million quotes – there are a few problems that need to be kept in mind, such as whether a particular quote is an allusion from memory or copied from the text itself.
Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) talks about the nature of materials used in New Testament manuscripts. The ink used on manuscripts varied with the surface being written on, and in later manuscripts ink became more important in the artistic adornment of the text.
The use of paper as a writing material in the ancient world was created first by the Arabs. It was later traded by Arabian tradesmen into a European context. Paper was used as a material upon which the New Testament was transmitted. Paper manuscripts are much later in date than either papyrus or parchment. In this video, Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) describes the history of the use of paper in the transmission of the New Testament.
Meteora is a Greek word that means "suspended rocks." The breathtaking rock formations are just one of the many aspects of Meteora that make it one of the most beautiful places on earth. Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) details a trip that he led in the summer of 2010 to one of the many monasteries perched upon the high rock formations at Meteora, the Holy Monastery of St. Stephen.
Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) describes the decay of the most important NT palimpsest – Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus. Constantin Von Tischendorf and others have transcribed it previously, but the introductory verses to each book have faded. Multi-spectral and UV photography may save the red letters, but a chemical used 170 years ago to read the hidden text better has given the codex only a little more time to live.
The story of the discovery of Codex Sinaiticus in 1844 at Saint Catherine’s Monastery by Constantin von Tischendorf is detailed here by Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM). Codex Sinaiticus is a 4th century manuscript that is the oldest complete copy of the New Testament in any language available in the world today. This manuscript is now housed at the British Library and can be viewed in its entirety online.
Many do not know that there has been a development of writing instruments used throughout the history of the transmission of the New Testament. Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) traces the development of writing instruments from the humble origins of reed pens all the way to the history changing creation of the printing press.
Disputed New Testament Passages: Textual Criticism Put Into Practice
Textual variants have had an influence upon Christian doctrine. Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) discusses the impact of the variants that are both viable and meaningful to our understanding of a passage. Some texts are discussed – such as John 7:53–8:11 – where the importance may not be so much doctrinal as emotional.
Disputed New Testament Passages: Textual Criticism Put Into Practice
Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) applies the methodology of textual criticism (NTTC) to a controversial passage, Matthew 24:36. Though the passage is often used to support the claim that parts of the New Testament were edited by proto-orthodox scribes, the evidence seems to indicate that it was the evangelist himself who created the variant.
Disputed New Testament Passages: Textual Criticism Put Into Practice
The story of the woman caught in adultery found traditionally in John 7:53-8:11 is one the most beloved and well-known stories from the Christian tradition. Many would go so far as to claim that these verses are their favorite in all of the Bible. However, in light of their popular embrace, Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) shows how the evidence is almost overwhelming that these verses were not originally included in John's gospel. Strangely enough, the verses still remain in almost all of the modern English translations. Dr. Wallace gives reasons why they remain, and conversely, why they ought to be relegated to a footnote instead.
Disputed New Testament Passages: Textual Criticism Put Into Practice
An audio presentation from Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM). Here Dr. Wallace discusses the qualities and criteria that must exist in manuscripts if we were to identify them as original manuscripts of the New Testament.
Disputed New Testament Passages: Textual Criticism Put Into Practice
In this video, Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) applies the methodology of New Testament textual criticism (NTTC) to John 1:34. The passage concerns the confession of John the Baptist regarding whether he said that Jesus is “the son of God” or “chosen one of God.”
An historical account of the use of parchment in the history of the transmission of the New Testament is given by Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM). In this video, Dr. Wallace surveys the reasons for the use of parchment instead of papyri and the methods by which parchment came to be from animal skins. Dr. Wallace also discusses interesting uses of parchment that rendered the creation of palimpsests of which a famous manuscript known as Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus belongs.
Jeff Baldwin is the director of the Greek Bible Institute in Athens, Greece. Jeff is one of the many friends of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) that help open doors for the photographing of manuscripts around the world. In this interview, Jeff discusses his role in educating evangelicals in Greece, his relationship with Dr. Daniel B. Wallace (director of CSNTM), and the importance of textual criticism in the process of Bible translation.
The primary goal of CSNTM, to preserve and make available ancient manuscripts of the New Testament, is elaborated upon by Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) in an interview that was recorded for the Sky Network.
The experiences of a team from the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) during an expedition to the Monastery of St. John the Apostle on the Greek isle of Patmos is chronicled by Dr. Daniel B. Wallace. Join the team as they journey into the monastery to photograph ancient manuscripts and share fellowship with the monks of the monastery.
Dr. Jeff Hargis discusses how the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) consults the Kurzgefasste Liste to determine whether a new manuscript has been discovered. In the recent past, CSNTM has used this method to verify their discovery of more than 20 new Greek New Testament manuscripts.
A famous verse to the practice of New Testament Textual Criticism (NTTC) known as the Comma Johanneum, 1 John 5:7, is elaborated upon here by Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM). Dr. Wallace gives a brief history of this verse followed by an exposition of its discovery in Munich, Germany in the margin of an 11th century manuscript, Gregory-Aland 177. Making finds like this available to more scholars through the availability of high quality digital images is one of the goals of CSNTM.
Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) describes the opportunity and difficulty of photographing Codex 2364, affectionately dubbed "The Wee Beastie," due to its tiny size and the difficulty of photographing it.
A team led by Dr. Daniel B. Wallace from the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) went to Albania to photograph 13 manuscripts held at the National Archive in Tirana, Albania, but upon arrival found that the archive is actually home to 47 Greek New Testament manuscripts. Most of these had never been cataloged by western scholarship.
A team from the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) digitized manuscripts at the Monastery of St. John the Apostle on the Greek island of Patmos. Dr. Daniel B. Wallace chronicles the team's journey to this historic monastery.
Disputed New Testament Passages: Textual Criticism Put Into Practice
Papyrus 115 (P115) has shown itself to be of great interest to the study of the Book of Revelation. Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) details its significance as well as a few others to our understanding of the dreaded number of the beast. Was the number of the beast actually 666?
The primary goal of CSNTM, to preserve and make available ancient manuscripts of the New Testament, is elaborated upon by Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) in an interview that was recorded for the Sky Network.
CSNTM took a trip to Cambridge for their 6th trip of the summer of 2008. Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) relates the story of the trip. Dr. Jeff Hargis, Jeff Miller, Andrew Wallace, and Dr. Wallace were able to stay at the Tyndale House, while photographing old fragments of Romans in majuscule script that had been re-purposed for book binding.
In the recent past, the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) has discovered around 20 new Greek manuscripts of the New Testament. Dr. Jeff Hargis discusses how CSNTM consults a book and now a website known as the Kurzgefasste Liste to determine whether a new manuscript has been discovered.
A famous verse to the practice of New Testament Textual Criticism (NTTC) known as the Comma Johanneum, 1 John 5:7, is elaborated upon here by Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM). Dr. Wallace gives a brief history of this verse followed by an exposition of its discovery in Munich, Germany in the margin of an 11th century manuscript, Gregory-Aland 177. Making finds like this available to more scholars through the availability of high quality digital images is one of the goals of CSNTM.
The University of Michigan is the house of approximately 1 out of every 6 Greek New Testament manuscripts. Dr. Daniel B. Wallace of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) describes the opportunity and difficulty of photographing Codex 2364, affectionately dubbed "The Wee Beastie," due to its tiny size and beastly difficulty of photographing it.
The Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) exists to digitally preserve ancient manuscripts of the New Testament with specialized photographic equipment in order that scholars around the world may have uninhibited access to these ancient wonders in high resolution images. This advertisement serves to promote the purposes of CSNTM abroad.
The National Archive in Tirana, Albania was thought to be home to 13 Greek New Testament manuscripts. A team led by Dr. Daniel B. Wallace from the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) went to Albania to photograph these manuscripts, but upon arrival found that the archive is actually home to nearly 47 Greek New Testament manuscripts! Most of these had never been cataloged by Western scholarship.
In 2008 a team from the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM) photographed five fragments of Romans in majuscule script at the Tyndale House at Cambridge University.