Podcasts about Papyrus

Mi entrevistado en este episodio es Carlos A. Scolari, Catedrático del Departamento de Comunicación de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra – Barcelona. Ha sido Investigador Principal de diversos proyectos de investigación internacionales y estatales, desde el proyecto H2020 TRANSLITERACY (entre 2015 y 2018) hasta el proyecto LITERAC_IA, que comenzó en 2024 y dirige junto a María del Mar Guerrero. Sus últimos libros son Cultura Snack (2020), La guerra de las plataformas (2022) y Sobre la evolución de los medios (2024). Ahora está trabajando en un libro sobre los fósiles mediáticos.Notas del Episodio* Historia de ecologia de los medios* Historia de Carlos* Diferencias entre el anglosfero y el hispanosfero* La coevolucion entre tecnologia y humanos* La democratizacion de los medios* Evolucion de los medios* Alienacion y addiccion* Como usar los medios conscientementeTareaCarlos A. Scolari - Pagina Personal - Facebook - Instagram - Twitter - Escolar GoogleSobre la evolución de los mediosHipermediaciones (Libros)Transcrito en espanol (English Below)Chris: [00:00:00] Bienvenido al podcast el fin de turismo Carlos. Gracias por poder hablar conmigo hoy. Es un gran gusto tener tu presencia aquí conmigo hoy. Carlos: No gracias a ti, Chris, por la invitación. Es un enorme placer honor charlar contigo, gran viajero y bueno, yo nunca investigué directamente el tema del turismo.Pero bueno, entiendo que vamos a hablar de ecología de los medios y temas colaterales que nos pueden servir para entender mejor, darle un sentido a todo esto que está pasando en el mundo del turismo. Bueno, yo trabajo en Barcelona. No vivo exactamente en la ciudad, pero trabajo, en la universidad en Barcelona, en la zona céntrica.Y bueno, cada vez que voy a la ciudad cada día se incrementa la cantidad de turistas y se incrementa el debate sobre el turismo, en todas sus dimensiones. Así que es un tema que está la orden del día, no? Chris: Sí, pues me imagino que aunque si no te gusta pensar o si no quieres pensar en el turismo allá, es inevitable tener como una enseñanza [00:01:00] personal de esa industria.Carlos: Sí, hasta que se está convirtiendo casi en un criterio taxonómico, no? ...de clasificación o ciudades con mucho turista ciudades o lugares sin turistas que son los más buscados hasta que se llenan de turistas. Entonces estamos en un círculo vicioso prácticamente. Chris: Ya pues, que en algún memento se que se cambia, se rompe el ciclo, al menos para dar cuenta de lo que estamos haciendo con el comportamiento.Y, yo entiendo que eso también tiene mucho que ver con la ecología de los medios, la falta de capacidad de entender nuestros comportamientos, actitudes, pensamientos, sentimientos, etcétera. Entonces, antes de seguir por tu trabajo y obras, este me gustaría preguntarte de tu camino y de tu vida.Primero me pregunto si podrías definir para nuestros oyentes qué es la ecología de los medios y cómo te [00:02:00] interesó en este campo? Cómo llegaste a dedicar a tu vida a este estudio?Carlos: Sí. A ver un poco. Hay una, esta la historia oficial. Diríamos de la ecología de los medios o en inglés "media ecology," es una campo de investigación, digamos, eh, que nace en los años 60. Hay que tener en cuenta sobre todos los trabajos de Marshall McLuhan, investigador canadiense muy famoso a nivel mundial. Era quizá el filósofo investigador de los medios más famosos en los años 60 y 70.Y un colega de el, Neil Postman, que estaba en la universidad de New York en New York University un poco, digamos entre la gente que rodeaba estos dos referentes, no, en los años 60, de ahí se fue cocinando, diríamos, lo que después se llamó la media ecology. Se dice que el primero que habló de media ecology que aplicó esta metáfora a los medios, fue el mismo Marshall McLuhan en algunas, conversaciones privadas, [00:03:00] cartas que se enviaban finales dos años 50, a principios de los 60, se enviaban los investigadores investigadora de estos temas?Digamos la primera aparición pública del concepto de media ecology fue una conferencia en el año 1968 de Neil Postman. Era una intervención pública que la hablaba de un poco como los medios nos transforman y transforman los medios formar un entorno de nosotros crecemos, nos desarrollamos, no. Y nosotros no somos muy conscientes a veces de ese medio que nos rodea y nos modela.El utilizó por primera vez el concepto de media ecology en una conferencia pública. Y ya, si vamos a principio de los años 70, el mismo Postman crea en NYU, en New York University crea el primer programa en media ecology. O sea que ya en el 73, 74 y 75, empieza a salir lo que yo llamo la segunda generación, de gente [00:04:00] formada algunos en estos cursos de New York.Por ejemplo Christine Nystrom fue la primera tesis doctoral sobre mi ecology; gente como, Paul Levinson que en el año 1979 defiende una tesis doctoral dirigida por Postman sobre evolución de los medios, no? Y lo mismo pasaba en Toronto en los años 70. El Marshall McLuhan falleció en el diciembre del 80.Digamos que los años 70 fueron su última década de producción intelectual. Y hay una serie de colaboradores en ese memento, gente muy joven como Robert Logan, Derrick De Kerchove, que después un poco siguieron trabajando un poco todo esta línea, este enfoque. Y ahí hablamos del frente canadiense, eh?Toda esta segunda generación fue desarrollando, fue ampliando aplicando. No nos olvidemos de Eric McLuhan, el hijo de Marshall, que también fue parte de toda esta movida. [00:05:00] Y si no recuerdo mal en el año 2000, se crea la asociación la Media Ecology Association, que es la Asociación de Ecología de los Medios, que es una organización académica, científica, que nuclea a la gente que se ocupa de media ecology. Si pensamos a nivel más científico epistemológico, podemos pensar esta metáfora de la ecología de los medios desde dos o tres perspectivas. Por un lado, esta idea de que los medios crean ambientes. Esta es una idea muy fuerte de Marsha McLuhan, de Postman y de todo este grupo, no? Los medios - "medio" entendido en sentido muy amplio, no, cualquier tecnología podría ser un medio para ellos.Para Marsha McLuhan, la rueda es un medio. Un un telescopio es un medio. Una radio es un medio y la televisión es un medio, no? O sea, cualquier tecnología puede considerarse un medio. Digamos que estos medios, estas tecnologías, generan un [00:06:00] ambiente que a nosotros nos transforma. Transforma nuestra forma, a veces de pensar nuestra forma de percibir el mundo, nuestra concepción del tiempo del espacio.Y nosotros no somos conscientes de ese cambio. Pensemos que, no sé, antes de 1800, si alguien tenía que hacer un viaje de mil kilómetros (y acá nos acercamos al turismo) kilómetros era un viaje que había que programarlo muchos meses antes. Con la llegada del tren, ya estamos en 1800, esos kilómetros se acortaron. Digamos no? Ahí vemos como si a nosotros hoy nos dicen 1000 kilómetros.Bueno, si, tomamos un avión. Es una hora, una hora y cuarto de viaje. Hoy 1000 kilómetro es mucho menos que hace 200 años y incluso a nivel temporal, se a checo el tiempo. No? Todo eso es consecuencia, digamos este cambio, nuestra percepción es consecuencia de una serie de medios y tecnologías.El ferrocarril. Obviamente, hoy tenemos los aviones. Las mismas redes digitales que, un poco nos han llevado esta idea de "tiempo [00:07:00] real," esta ansiedad de querer todo rápido, no? También esa es consecuencia de estos cambios ambientales generados por los medios y las tecnologías, eh? Esto es un idea muy fuerte, cuando McLuhan y Postman hablaban de esto en los años 60, eran fuertes intuiciones que ellos tenían a partir de una observación muy inteligente de la realidad. Hoy, las ciencias cognitivas, mejor las neurociencia han confirmado estas hipótesis. O sea, hoy existen una serie de eh metodología para estudiar el cerebro y ya se ve como las tecnologías.Los medios afectan incluso la estructura física del cerebro. No? Otro tema que esto es histórico, que los medios afectan nuestra memoria. Esto viene de Platón de hace 2500 años, que él decía que la escritura iba a matar la memoria de los hombres. Bueno, podemos pensar nosotros mismos, no, eh?O por lo menos esta generación, que [00:08:00] vivimos el mundo antes y después de las aplicaciones móviles. Yo hace 30 años, 25 años, tenía mi memoria 30-40 números telefónicos. Hoy no tengo ninguno. Y en esa pensemos también el GPS, no? En una época, los taxistas de Londres, que es una ciudad latica se conocían a memoria la ciudad. Y hoy eso, ya no hace falta porque tienen GPS.Y cuando han ido a estudiar el cerebro de los taxistas de Londres, han visto que ciertas áreas del cerebro se han reducido, digamos, así, que son las áreas que gestionaban la parte espacial. Esto ya McLuhan, lo hablaba en los años 60. Decía como que los cambios narcotizan ciertas áreas de la mente decía él.Pero bueno, vemos que mucha investigación empírica, bien de vanguardia científica de neurociencia está confirmando todas estos pensamientos, todas estas cosas que se decían a los años 60 en adelante, por la media ecology. Otra posibilidad es entender [00:09:00] esto como un ecosistema de medios, Marshall McLuhan siempre decía no le podemos dar significado,no podemos entender un medio aislado de los otros medios. Como que los medios adquieren sentido sólo en relación con otros medios. También Neil Postman y mucha otra gente de la escuela de la media ecology, defiende esta posición, de que, bueno, los medios no podemos entender la historia del cine si no la vinculamos a los videojuegos, si no lo vinculamos a la aparición de la televisión.Y así con todos los medios, no? Eh? Hay trabajos muy interesantes. Por ejemplo, de como en el siglo 19, diferentes medios, podríamos decir, que coevolucionaron entre sí. La prensa, el telégrafo. El tren, que transportaba los diarios también, aparecen las agencias de noticias. O sea, vemos cómo es muy difícil entender el desarrollo de la prensa en el siglo XIX y no lo vinculamos al teléfono, si no lo vinculamos a la fotografía, si no lo vinculamos a la radio fotografía, [00:10:00] también más adelante.O sea, esta idea es muy fuerte. No también es otro de los principios para mí fundamentales de esta visión, que sería que los medios no están solos, forman parte de un ecosistema y si nosotros queremos entender lo que está pasando y cómo funciona todo esto, no podemos, eh, analizar los medios aislados del resto.Hay una tercera interpretación. Ya no sé si es muy metafórica. No? Sobre todo, gente en Italia como el investigador Fausto Colombo de Milán o Michele Cometa, es un investigador de Sicilia, Michele Cometa que él habla de l giro, el giro ecomedial. Estos investigadores están moviéndose en toda una concepción según la cual, estamos en único ecosistema mediático que está contaminado.Está contaminado de "fake news" está contaminado de noticias falsas, está contaminado de discursos de odio, etcétera, etc. Entonces ellos, digamos, retoman esta metáfora ecológica para decir [00:11:00] precisamente tenemos que limpiar este ecosistema así como el ecosistema natural está contaminado, necesita una intervención de limpieza, digamos así de purificación, eh? También el ecosistema mediático corre el mismo peligro, no? Y esta gente también llama la atención, y yo estoy muy cerca de esta línea de trabajo sobre la dimensión material de la comunicación. Y esto también tiene que ver con el turismo, queriendo, no? El impacto ambiental que tiene la comunicación hoy.Entrenar una inteligencia artificial implica un consumo eléctrico brutal; mantener funcionando las redes sociales, eh, tiktok, youtube, lo que sea, implica millones de servidores funcionando que chupan energía eléctrica y hay que enfriarlos además, consumiendo aún más energía eléctrica. Y eso tiene un impacto climático no indiferente.Así que, bueno, digamos, vemos que está metáfora de lo ecológico, aplicado los medios da para dos o tres interpretaciones. Chris: Mmm. [00:12:00] Wow. Siento que cuando yo empecé tomando ese curso de de Andrew McLuhan, el nieto de Marshall, como te mencioné, cambio mi perspectiva totalmente - en el mundo, en la manera como entiendo y como no entiendo también las nuestras tecnologías, mis movimientos, etcétera, pero ya, por una persona que tiene décadas de estudiando eso, me gustaría saber de de como empezaste. O sea, Andrew, por ejemplo tiene la excusa de su linaje, no de su papá y su abuelo.Pero entonces, como un argentino joven empezó aprendiendo de ecología de medios. Carlos: Bueno, yo te comento. Yo estudié comunicación en argentina en Rosario. Terminé la facultad. El último examen el 24 de junio del 86, que fue el día que nacía el Lionel Messi en Rosario, en Argentina el mismo día. Y [00:13:00] yo trabajaba, colaboraba en una asignatura en una materia que era teorías de la comunicación.E incluso llegué a enseñar hasta el año 90, fueron tres años, porque ya después me fui vivir Italia. En esa época, nosotros leíamos a Marshall McLuhan, pero era una lectura muy sesgada ideológicamente. En América latina, tú lo habrás visto en México. Hay toda una historia, una tradición de críticas de los medios, sobre todo, a todo lo que viene de estados unidos y Canadá está muy cerca de Estados Unidos. Entonces, digamos que en los años 70 y 80 y y hasta hoy te diría muchas veces a Marshall McLuhan se lo criticó mucho porque no criticaba los medios. O sea el te tenía una visión. Él decía, Neil Postman, si tenía una visión muy crítica. Pero en ese caso, este era una de las grandes diferencias entre Postman y McLuhan, que Marshall McLuhan, al menos en [00:14:00] público, él no criticaba los medios. Decía bueno, yo soy un investigador, yo envío sondas. Estoy explorando lo que pasa. Y él nunca se sumó... Y yo creo que eso fue muy inteligente por parte de él... nunca se sumó a este coro mundial de crítica a los medios de comunicación. En esa época, la televisión para mucha gente era un monstruo.Los niños no tenían que ver televisión. Un poco lo que pasa hoy con los móviles y lo que pasa hoy con tiktok. En esa época en la televisión, el monstruo. Entonces, había mucha investigación en Estados Unidos, que ya partía de la base que la televisión y los medios son malos para la gente. Vemos que es una historia que se repite. Yo creo que en ese sentido, Marshall McLuhan, de manera muy inteligente, no se sumó ese coro crítico y él se dedico realmente a pensar los medios desde una perspectiva mucho más libre, no anclada por esta visión yo creo demasiado ideologizada, que en América Latina es muy fuerte. Es muy fuerte. Esto no implica [00:15:00] bajar la guardia, no ser crítico. Al contrario.Pero yo creo que el el verdadero pensamiento crítico parte de no decir tanto ideológica, decimos "esto ya es malo. Vamos a ver esto." Habrá cosas buenas. Habrá cosas mala. Habrá cosa, lo que es innegable, que los medios mas ya que digamos son buenos son va, nos transforman. Y yo creo que eso fue lo importante de la idea McLuhaniana. Entonces mi primer acercamiento a McLuhan fue una perspectiva de los autores críticos que, bueno, sí, viene de Estados Unidos, no critica los medios. Vamos a criticarlo a nosotros a él, no? Y ese fue mi primer acercamiento a Marshall McLuhan. Yo me fui a Italia en la decada de 90. Estuve casi ocho años fuera de la universidad, trabajando en medios digitales, desarrollo de páginas, webs, productos multimédia y pretexto. Y a finales de los 90, dije quiero volver a la universidad. Quiero ser un doctorado. Y dije, "quiero hacer un doctorado. Bueno. Estando en Italia, el doctorado iba a ser de semiótica." Entonces hizo un [00:16:00] doctorado. Mi tesis fue sobre semiótica de las interfaces.Ahi tuve una visión de las interfaces digitales que consideran que, por ejemplo, los instrumentos como el mouse o joystick son extensiones de nuestro cuerpo, no? El mouse prolonga la mano y la mete dentro de la pantalla, no? O el joystick o cualquier otro elemento de la interfaz digital? Claro. Si hablamos de que el mouse es una extensión de la mano, eso es una idea McLuhaniana.Los medios como extensiones del ser humano de sujeto. Entonces, claro ahi yo releo McLuhan en italiano a finales de los años 90, y me reconcilio con McLuhan porque encuentro muchas cosas interesantes para entender precisamente la interacción con las máquinas digitales. En el a 2002, me mudo con mi familia a España. Me reintegro la vida universitaria. [00:17:00] Y ahí me pongo a estudiar la relación entre los viejos y los nuevos medios. Entonces recupero la idea de ecosistema. Recupero toda la nueva, la idea de ecología de mi ecology. Y me pongo a investigar y releer a McLuhan por tercera vez. Y a leerlo en profundidad a él y a toda la escuela de mi ecology para poder entender las dinámicas del actual ecosistema mediático y entender la emergencia de lo nuevo y cómo lo viejo lucha por adaptarse. En el 2009, estuve tres meses trabajando con Bob Logan en the University of Toronto. El año pasado, estuve en el congreso ahí y tuvimos dos pre conferencias con gente con Paolo Granata y todo el grupo de Toronto.O sea que, tengo una relación muy fuerte con todo lo que se producía y se produce en Toronto. Y bueno, yo creo que, a mí hoy, la media ecology, me sirve muchísimo junto a otras disciplina como la semiótica para poder entender el ecosistema [00:18:00] mediático actual y el gran tema de investigación mío hoy, que es la evolución del la ecosistema mediático.Mm, digamos que dentro de la media ecology, empezando de esa tesis doctoral del 79 de Paul Levinson, hay toda una serie de contribuciones, que un poco son los que han ido derivando en mi último libro que salió el año pasado en inglés en Routledge, que se llama The Evolution of Media y acaba de salir en castellano.Qué se llama Sobre La Evolución De los Medios. En la teoría evolutiva de los medios, hay mucha ecología de los medios metidos. Chris: Claro, claro. Pues felicidad es Carlos. Y vamos a volver en un ratito de ese tema de la evolución de medios, porque yo creo que es muy importante y obviamente es muy importante a ti. Ha sido como algo muy importante en tu trabajo. Pero antes de de salir de esa esquina de pensamiento, hubo una pregunta que me mandó Andrew McLuhan para ti, que ya ella contestaste un poco, pero este tiene que ver entre las diferencias en los [00:19:00] mundos de ecología de medios anglofonos y hispánicos. Y ya mencionaste un poco de eso, pero desde los tiempos en los 80 y noventas, entonces me gustaría saber si esas diferencias siguen entre los mundos intelectuales, en el mundo anglofono o hispánico.Y pues, para extender su pregunta un poco, qué piensas sería como un punto o tema o aspecto más importante de lo que uno de esos mundos tiene que aprender el otro en el significa de lo que falta, quizás. Carlos: Si nos focalizamos en el trabajo de Marshall McLuhan, no es que se lo criticó sólo de América Latina.En Europa no caía simpático Marshall McLuhan en los 60, 70. Justamente por lo mismo, porque no criticaba el sistema capitalista de medios. La tradición europea, la tradición de la Escuela de Frankfurt, la escuela de una visión anti [00:20:00] capitalista que denuncia la ideología dominante en los medio de comunicación.Eso es lo que entra en América Latina y ahí rebota con mucha fuerza. Quizá la figura principal que habla desde América Latina, que habló mucho tiempo de América latina es Armand Mattelart. Matterlart es un teórico en la comunicación, investigador de Bélgica. Y él lo encontramos ya a mediados de los años 60 finales de los 60 en Chile en un memento muy particular de la historia de Chile donde había mucha politización y mucha investigación crítica, obviamente con el con con con con el capitalismo y con el imperialismo estadounidense. Quizá la la obra clásica de ese memento es el famoso libro de Mattelart y Dorfman, eh, eh? Para Leer El Pato Donald, que donde ellos desmontan toda la estructura ideológica capitalista, imperialista, que había en los cics en las historietas del pato Donald.Ellos dicen esto se publicó a [00:21:00] principio los 70. Es quizá el libro más vendido de la comic latinoamericana hasta el día de hoy, eh? Ellos dicen hay ideología en la literatura infantil. Con el pato Donald, le están llenando la cabeza a nuestros niños de toda una visión del mundo muy particular.Si uno le el pato Donald de esa época, por lo menos, la mayor parte de las historia del pato Donald, que era, había que a buscar un tesoro y adónde. Eran lugares africana, peruviana, incaica o sea, eran países del tercer mundo. Y ahí el pato Donald, con sus sobrinos, eran lo suficientemente inteligentes para volverse con el oro a Patolandia.Claro. Ideológicamente. Eso no se sostiene. Entonces, la investigación hegemónica en esa época en Europa, en Francia, la semiología pero sobre todo, en América latina, era ésa. Hay que estudiar el mensaje. Hay que estudiar el contenido, porque ahí está la ideología [00:22:00] dominante del capitalismo y del imperialismo.En ese contexto, entra McLuhan. Se traduce McLuhan y que dice McLuhan: el medio es el mensaje. No importa lo que uno lee, lo que nos transforma es ver televisión, leer comics, escuchar la radio. Claro, iba contramano del mainstream de la investigación en comunicación. O sea, digamos que en América latina, la gente que sigue en esa línea que todavía existe y es fuerte, no es una visión muy crítica de todo esto, todavía hoy, a Marshal McLuhan le cae mal, pero lo mismo pasa en Europa y otros países donde la gente que busca una lectura crítica anti-capitalista y anti-sistémica de la comunicación, no la va a encontrar nunca en Marshall McLuhan, por más que sea de América latina, de de de Europa o de Asia. Entonces yo no radicaría todo esto en un ámbito anglosajón y el latinoamericano. Después, bueno, la hora de McLuhan es bastante [00:23:00] polisemica. Admite como cualquier autor así, que tiene un estilo incluso de escritura tan creativo en forma de mosaico.No era un escritor Cartesiano ordenadito y formal. No, no. McLuhan era una explosión de ideas muy bien diseñada a propósito, pero era una explosión de ideas. Por eso siempre refrescan tener a McLuhan. Entonces normal que surjan interpretaciones diferentes, no? En estados unidos en Canadá, en Inglaterra, en Europa continental o en Latinoamérica o en Japón, obviamente, no? Siendo un autor que tiene estas características. Por eso yo no en no anclaría esto en cuestiones territoriales. Cuando uno busca un enfoque que no tenga esta carga ideológica para poder entender los medios, que no se limite sólo a denunciar el contenido.McLuhan y la escuela de la ecología de los medios es fundamental y es un aporte muy, muy importante en ese sentido, no? Entonces, bueno, yo creo que McLuhan tuvo [00:24:00] detractores en Europa, tuvo detractores en América latina y cada tanto aparece alguno, pero yo creo que esto se ido suavizando. Yo quiero que, como que cada vez más se lo reivindica McLuhan.La gente que estudia, por ejemplo, en Europa y en América latina, que quizá en su época criticaron a McLuhan, todas las teorías de la mediatización, por ejemplo, terminan coincidiendo en buena parte de los planteos de la media ecology. Hoy que se habla mucho de la materialidad de la comunicación, los nuevos materialismos, yo incluyo a Marshall McLuhan en uno de los pioneros des esta visión también de los nuevos materialismos. Al descentrar el análisis del contenido, al medio, a la cosa material, podemos considerar a macl también junto a Bruno Latour y otra gente como pionero, un poco de esta visión de no quedarse atrapados en el giro lingüístico, no, en el contenido, en el giro semiótico e incorporar también la dimensión material de la comunicación y el medio en sí.[00:25:00] Chris: Muy bien. Muy bien, ya. Wow, es tanto, pero lo aprecio mucho. Gracias, Carlos. Y me gustaría seguir preguntándote un poco ahora de tu propio trabajo. Tienes un capítulo en tu libro. Las Leyes de la Interfaz titulado "Las Interfaces Co-evolucionan Con Sus Usuarios" donde escribes "estas leyes de la interfaz no desprecian a los artefactos, sus inventores ó las fuerzas sociales. Solo se limitan á insertarlos á una red socio técnica de relaciones, intercambios y transformaciones para poder analizarlos desde una perspectiva eco-evolutiva."Ahora, hay un montón ahí en este paragrafito. Pero entonces, me gustaría preguntarte, cómo vea los humanos [00:26:00] co-evolucionando con sus tecnologías? Por ejemplo, nuestra forma de performatividad en la pantalla se convierte en un hábito más allá de la pantalla.Carlos: Ya desde antes del homo sapiens, los homínidos más avanzados, digamos en su momento, creaban instrumentos de piedra. Hemos descubierto todos los neandertales tenían una cultura muy sofisticada, incluso prácticas casi y religiosas, más allá de la cuestión material de la construcción de artefactos. O sea que nuestra especie es impensable sin la tecnología, ya sea un hacha de piedra o ya sea tiktok o un smartphone. Entonces, esto tenemos que tenerlo en cuenta cuando analizamos cualquier tipo de de interacción cotidiana, estamos rodeados de tecnología y acá, obviamente, la idea McLuhaniana es fundamental. Nosotros creamos estos medios. Nosotros creamos estas tecnologías.Estas tecnologías también nos reformatean. [00:27:00] McLuhan, no me suena que haya usado el concepto de coevolución, pero está ahí. Está hablando de eso. Ahora bien. Hay una coevolución si se quiere a larguísimo plazo, que, por ejemplo, sabemos que el desarrollo de instrumentos de piedra, el desarrollo del fuego, hizo que el homo sapiens no necesitara una mandíbula tan grande para poder masticar los alimentos. Y eso produce todo un cambio, que achicó la mandíbula le dejó más espacio en el cerebro, etcétera, etcétera. Eso es una coevolución en término genético, digamos a larguísimo plazo, okey. También la posición eréctil, etcétera, etcétera. Pero, digamos que ya ahí había tecnologías humanas coevolucionando con estos cambios genéticos muy, muy lentos.Pero ahora tenemos también podemos decir esta co evolución ya a nivel de la estructura neuronal, entonces lo ha verificado la neurociencia, como dije antes. Hay cambio físico en la estructura del cerebro a lo largo de la vida de una persona debido a la interacción con ciertas tecnologías. Y por qué pasa eso?Porque [00:28:00] la producción, creación de nuevos medios, nuevas tecnologías se ido acelerando cada vez más. Ahi podemos hacer una curva exponencial hacia arriba, para algunos esto empezó hace 10,000 años. Para algunos esto se aceleró con la revolución industrial. Algunos hablan de la época el descubrimiento de América.Bueno, para alguno esto es un fenómeno de siglo xx. El hecho es que en términos casi geológicos, esto que hablamos del antropoceno es real y está vinculado al impacto del ser humano sobre nuestro ambiente y lo tecnológico es parte de ese proceso exponencial de co evolución. Nosotros hoy sentimos un agobio frente a esta aceleración de la tecnología y nuestra necesidad. Quizá de adaptarnos y coevolucionar con ella. Como esto de que todo va muy rápido. Cada semana hay un problema nuevo, una aplicación nueva. Ahora tenemos la inteligencia artificial, etc, etcétera. Pero esta sensación [00:29:00] no es nueva. Es una sensación de la modernidad. Si uno lee cosas escritas en 1,800 cuando llega el tren también la gente se quejaba que el mundo iba muy rápido. Dónde iremos a parar con este caballo de hierro que larga humo no? O sea que esta sensación de velocidad de cambio rápido ya generaciones anteriores la vivían. Pero evidentemente, el cambio hoy es mucho más rápido y denso que hace dos siglos. Y eso es real también. Así que, bueno, nuestra fe se va coevolucionando y nos vamos adaptando como podemos, yo esta pregunta se la hice hace 10 años a Kevin Kelly, el primer director de la revista Wire que lo trajimos a Barcelona y el que siempre es muy optimista. Kevin Kelly es determinista tecnológico y optimista al mismo tiempo. Él decía que "que bueno que el homo sapiens lo va llevando bastante bien. Esto de co evolucionar con la tecnología." Otra gente tiene una [00:30:00] visión radicalmente opuesta, que esto es el fin del mundo, que el homo sapiens estamos condenados a desaparecer por esta co evolución acelerada, que las nuevas generaciones son cada vez más estúpidas.Yo no creo eso. Creo, como McLuhan, que los medios nos reforman, nos cambian algunas cosas quizás para vivir otras quizá no tanto, pero no, no tengo una visión apocalíptica de esto para nada. Chris: Bien, bien. Entonces cuando mencionaste lo de la televisión, yo me acuerdo mucho de de mi niñez y no sé por qué. Quizás fue algo normal en ese tiempo para ver a tele como un monstruo, como dijiste o quizás porque mis mis papás eran migrantes pero fue mucho de su idea de esa tecnología y siempre me dijo como no, no, no quédate ahí tan cerca y eso.Entonces, aunque lo aceptaron, ellos comprendieron que el poder [00:31:00] de la tele que tenía sobre las personas. Entonces ahora todos, parece a mí, que todos tienen su propio canal, no su propio programación, o el derecho o privilegio de tener su propio canal o múltiples canales.Entonces, es una gran pregunta, pero cuáles crees que son las principales consecuencias de darle a cada uno su propio programa en el sentido de como es el efecto de hacer eso, de democratizar quizás la tecnología en ese sentido? Carlos: Cuando dices su propio canal, te refieres a la posibilidad de emitir o construir tu propia dieta mediática.Chris: Bueno primero, pero puede ser ambos, claro, no? O sea, mi capacidad de tener un perfil o cuenta mía personal. Y luego como el fin del turismo, no? Y luego otro. Carlos: Sí, a ver. Yo creo que, bueno, esto fue el gran cambio radical que empezó a darse a partir la década del 2000 o [00:32:00] sea, hace 25 años. Porque la web al principio sí era una red mundial en los años 90. Pero claro la posibilidad de compartir un contenido y que todo el mundo lo pudiera ver, estaba muy limitado a crear una página web, etcétera. Cuando aparecen las redes sociales o las Web 2.0 como se la llamaba en esa época y eso se suma los dispositivos móviles, ahí se empieza a generar esta cultura tan difundida de la creación de contenido. Hasta digamos que hasta ese momento quien generaba contenido era más o menos un profesional en la radio y en la televisión, pero incluso en la web o en la prensa o el cine. Y a partir de ahí se empieza, digamos, a abrir el juego. En su momento, esto fue muy bien saludado fue qué bueno! Esto va nos va a llevar a una sociedad más democrática. 25 años después, claro, estamos viendo el lado oscuro solamente. Yo creo que el error hace 25 años era pensar solo las posibilidades [00:33:00] buenas, optimistas, de esto. Y hoy me parece que estamos enredados en discursos solamente apocalípticos no?No vemos las cosas buenas, vemos solo las cosas malas. Yo creo que hay de las dos cosas hoy. Claro, hoy cualquier persona puede tener un canal, sí, pero no todo el mundo crea un canal. Los niveles de participación son muy extraños, o sea, la mayor parte de la población de los usuarios y usuarias entre en las redes. Mira. Mete un me gusta. Quizá un comentario. Cada tanto comparte una foto. Digamos que los "heavy users" o "heavy producers" de contenido son siempre una minoría, ya sea profesionales, ya sea influencers, streamers, no? Es siempre, yo no sé si acá estamos en un 20-80 o un 10-90 son estas curvas que siempre fue así? No? Si uno ve la Wikipedia, habrá un 5-10 por ciento de gente que genera contenido mucho menos incluso. Y un 90 por ciento que se [00:34:00] beneficia del trabajo de una minoría. Esto invierte la lógica capitalista? La mayoría vive de la minoría y esto pasaba antes también en otros, en otros sistemas. O sea que en ese sentido, es sólo una minoría de gente la que genera contenido de impacto, llamémoslo así, de alcance mayor.Pero bueno, yo creo que el hecho de que cualquier persona pueda dar ese salto para mí, está bien. Genera otra serie de problemas, no? Porque mientras que genera contenido, es un profesional o un periodista, digamos, todavía queda algo de normas éticas y que deben cumplir no? Yo veo que en el mundo de los streamers, el mundo de los Tik tokers etcétera, etcétera, lo primero que ellos dicen es, nosotros no somos periodistas. Y de esa forma, se inhiben de cualquier, control ético o de respeto a normas éticas profesionales. Por otro lado, las plataformas [00:35:00] Meta, Google, todas. Lo primero que te dicen es nosotros no somos medio de comunicación. Los contenidos los pone la gente.Nosotros no tenemos nada que ver con eso. Claro, ellos también ahí se alejan de toda la reglamentación. Por eso hubo que hacer. Europa y Estados Unidos tuvo que sacar leyes especiales porque ellos decían no, no, las leyes del periodismo a nosotros no nos alcanzan. Nosotros no somos editores de contenidos.Y es una mentira porque las plataformas sí editan contenido a través los algoritmos, porque nos están los algoritmos, nos están diciendo que podemos ver y que no está en primera página. No están filtrando información, o sea que están haciendo edición. Entonces, como que se generan estas equivocaciones.Y eso es uno de los elementos que lleva esta contaminación que mencioné antes en el en los ámbitos de la comunicación. Pero yo, si tuviera que elegir un ecosistema con pocos enunciadores pocos medios controlados por profesionales y este ecosistema [00:36:00] caótico en parte contaminado con muchos actores y muchas voces, yo prefiero el caos de hoy a la pobreza del sistema anterior.Prefiero lidiar, pelearme con y estar buscar de resolver el problema de tener mucha información, al problema de la censura y tener sólo dos, tres puntos donde se genera información. Yo he vivido en Argentina con dictadura militar con control férreo de medios, coroneles de interventores en la radio y la televisión que controlaban todo lo que se decía.Y yo prefiero el caos de hoy, aún con fake news y todo lo que quieras. Prefiero el caos de hoy a esa situación. Chris: Sí, sí, sí, sí. Es muy fuerte de pensar en eso para la gente que no han vivido en algo así, no? Osea algunos familiares extendidos han vivido en mundos comunistas, en el pasado en el este de Europa y no se hablan [00:37:00] exactamente así.Pero, se se hablan, no? Y se se dicen que lo que lo que no tenía ni lo que no tiene por control y por fuerza. Entonces, en ese como mismo sentido de lo que falta de la memoria vivida, me gustaría preguntarte sobre tu nuevo libro. Y sobre la evolución de medios. Entonces me gustaría preguntarte igual por nuestros oyentes que quizás no han estudiado mucho de la ecología de los medios Para ti qué es la evolución de los medios y por qué es importante para nuestro cambiante y comprensión del mundo. O sea, igual al lado y no solo pegado a la ecología de medios, pero la evolución de los medios,Carlos: Sí, te cuento ahí hay una disciplina, ya tradicional que es la historia y también está la historia de la comunicación y historia de los medios. [00:38:00] Hay libros muy interesantes que se titulan Historia de la Comunicación de Gutenberg a Internet o Historia de la Comunicación del Papiro a Tiktok. Entonces, qué pasa? Esos libros te dicen bueno, estaba el papiro, después vino el pergamino, el manuscrito, después en 1450 vino Gutenberg, llegó el libro. Pero eso el libro no te cuentan que pasó con el manuscrito, ni que pasó con el papiro. Y te dicen que llega la radio en 1920 y en 1950 llega la televisión y no te dicen que pasó con la radio, que pasó con el cine.Son historias lineales donde un medio parece que va sustituyendo al otro. Y después tenemos muchos libros muy buenos también. Historia de la radio, historia de la televisión, historia de internet, historia del periodismo. Como dije antes, retomando una idea, de McLuhan no podemos entender los medios aislados.Yo no puedo entender la evolución de la radio si no la vinculo a la prensa, a [00:39:00] la televisión y otro al podcast. Okey, entonces digo, necesitamos un campo de investigación, llamémoslo una disciplina en construcción, que es una teoría y también es metodología para poder entender el cambio mediático, todas estas transformaciones del ecosistema de medios a largo plazo y que no sea una sucesión de medios, sino, ver cómo esa red de medios fue evolucionando. Y eso yo lo llamo una teoría evolutiva o una "media evolution" Y es lo que estoy trabajando ahora. Claro, esta teoría, este enfoque, este campo de investigación toma muchas cosas de la ecología de los medios, empezando por Marshall McLuhan pero también gente de la tradición previa a la media ecology como Harold Innis, el gran historiador, economista de la comunicación y de la sociedad, que fue quizás el intelectual más famoso en Canadá en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Harold Innis que influenció mucho a Marshall McLuhan [00:40:00] Marshall McLuhann en la primera página de Gutenberg Galaxy, dice este libro no es otra cosa que una nota al pie de página de la obra de Harold Innis Entonces, Harold Innis que hizo una historia de los tiempos antiguos poniendo los medios al centro de esa historia. Para mí es fundamental. Incluso te diría a veces más que McLuhan, como referencia, a la hora de hacer una teoría evolutiva del cambio mediático. Y después, obviamente tomo muchas cosas de la historia de los medios.Tomo muchas cosas de la arqueología de los medios (media archeology). Tomo cosas también de la gente que investigó la historia de la tecnología, la construcción social de la tecnología. O sea, la media evolution es un campo intertextual, como cualquier disciplina que toma cosas de todos estos campos para poder construir una teoría, un enfoque, una mirada que sea más a largo plazo, que no sea una sucesión de medios, sino que vea la evolución de todo el ecosistema mediático, prestando mucha atención a las relaciones [00:41:00] entre medios, y con esta visión más compleja sistémica de cómo cambian las cosas.Yo creo que el cambio mediático es muy rápido y necesitamos una teoría para poder darle un sentido a todo este gran cambio, porque si nos quedamos analizando cosas muy micro, muy chiquititas, no vemos los grandes cambios. No nos podemos posicionar... esto un poco como el fútbol. Los mejores jugadores son los que tienen el partido en la cabeza y saben dónde está todo. No están mirando la pelota, pero saben dónde están los otros jugadores? Bueno, yo creo que la media evolution sirve para eso. Más allá de que hoy estemos todos hablando de la IA generativa. No? Tener esta visión de de conjunto de todo el ecosistema mediático y tecnológico, yo creo que es muy útil.Chris: Mm. Wow Increíble, increíble. Sí. Sí. Pienso mucho en como las nuevas generaciones o las generaciones más jóvenes en el día de hoy. O sea, [00:42:00] al menos más joven que yo, que la mayoría, como que tiene 20 años hoy, no tienen una memoria vívida de cómo fuera el mundo, sin redes sociales o sin el internet. Y así como me voy pensando en mi vida y como yo, no tengo una memoria de vida como fuera el mundo sin pantallas de cualquier tipo, o sea de tele de compus. No solo de internet o redes. Carlos: Sí, no, te decia que mi padre vivió, mi padre tiene 90 años y él se recuerda en el año 58, 59, su casa fue la primera en un barrio de Rosario que tuvo televisión y transmitían a partir de la tarde seis, siete de la tarde. Entonces venían todos los vecinos y vecinas a ver televisión a la casa de mi abuela. Entonces cada uno, cada generación tiene sus historias. No? Chris: Ajá. Ajá. Sí. Pues sí. Y también, como dijiste, para [00:43:00] entender los medios como sujetos o objetos individuales, o sea en su propio mundo, no? Este recuerdo un poco de la metáfora de Robin Wall Kimmerer que escribió un libro que se llama Braiding Sweetgrass o Trenzando Pasto Dulce supongo, en español. Y mencionó que para entender el entendimiento indígena, digamos entre comillas de tiempo, no necesitamos pensar en una línea, una flecha desde el pasado hacia el futuro. Pero, un lago, mientras el pasado, presente, y futuro existen, a la vez, en ese lago.Y también pienso como en el lugar, el pasado, presente, y el futuro, como todos esos medios existiendo a la vez, como en un lago y obviamente en una ecología de su evolución de sus cambios. Carlos: Es, muy interesante eso. Después te voy a pedir la referencia del libro porque, claro, [00:44:00] McLuhan siempre decía que el contenido de un medio es otro medio. Entonces, puede pasar que un medio del pasado deja su huella o influye en un medio del futuro. Y entonces ahí se rompe la línea temporal. Y esos son los fenómenos que a mí me interesa estudiar. Chris: Mmm, mmm, pues Carlos para terminar, tengo dos últimas preguntas para ti. Esta vez un poco alineado con el turismo, y aunque no estas enfocado tanto en en el estudio de turismo. Por mis estudios y investigaciones y por este podcast, he amplificado esa definición de turismo para ver cómo existiría más allá de una industria. Y para mí, el turismo incluye también el deseo de ver una persona, un lugar o una cultura como destino, como algo útil, temporal en su valor de uso y por tanto, desechable. Entonces, me gustaría [00:45:00] preguntarte, si para ti parece que nuestros medios populares, aunque esto es un tiempo, digamos con más libertad de otros lugares o tiempos en el pasado, más autoritarianos o totalitarianos? Si te ves la posibilidad o la evidencia de que nuestros medios digamos como mainstream más usados, están creando o promoviendo un , un sentido de alienación en la gente por efectivamente quedarles a distancia al otro o la otra.Carlos: Yo ya te dije no, no tengo una visión apocalíptica de los medios. Nunca, la tuve. Esto no quita de que los medios y como dijimos antes, tienen problemas. Generan también contaminación. Llamémoslo así si seguimos con la metáfora, ? El tema de alienación viene desde hace [00:46:00] muchísimos años. Ya cuando estudiaba en la universidad, nunca sintonicé con las teorías de la alienación.El concepto de alienación viene del siglo XIX. Toda una teoría de la conciencia, el sujeto, el proletario, llamémoslo, así que tenía que tomar conciencia de clase. Bueno, las raíces de esa visión del concepto alienación vienen de ahí. Yo, a mí nunca me convenció, justamente. Y acá si interesante.El aporte de América Latina en teorías de la comunicación siempre fue diferente. Fue reivindicar la resignificación, la resemantización el rol activo del receptor, cuando muchas veces las teorías que venían de Europa o Estados Unidos tenían esta visión del receptor de la comunicación como un ser pasivo. En ese sentido, la media ecology nunca entró en ese discurso porque se manejaba con otros parámetros, pero digamos que lo que era el mainstream de la investigación de estados unidos, pero también de Europa, siempre coincidían en esto en considerar el receptor pasivo, alienado, [00:47:00] estupidizado por los medios. Y yo realmente nunca, me convenció ese planteo, ni antes ni hoy, ni con la televisión de los 70 y 80, ni con el tiktok de hoy.Esto no quita que puede haber gente que tenga alguna adicción, etcétera, etcétera. Pero yo no creo que toda la sociedad sea adicta hoy a la pantallita. Deja de ser adicción. Okey. Esto no implica que haya que no tener una visión crítica. Esto no implica que haya que eventualmente regular los usos de ciertas tecnologías, obviamente.Pero de ahí a pensar que estamos en un escenario apocalíptico, de idiotización total del homo sapiens o de alienación. Yo no lo veo, ni creo que lo los estudios empíricos confirmen eso. Más allá que a veces hay elecciones y no nos gusten los resultados.Pero ahí es interesante, porque cuando tu propio partido político pierde, siempre se le echa la culpa a los medios porque ganó el otro. Pero cuando tu partido político gana, nadie dice nada de los medios. Ganamos porque somos mejores, [00:48:00] porque tenemos mejores ideas, porque somos más democráticos, porque somos más bonitos.Entonces, claro te das cuenta que se usan los medios como chivo expiatorio para no reconocer las propias debilidades políticas a la hora de denunciar una propuesta o de seducir al electorado.Chris: Claro, claro. Ya pues estos temas son vastos y complejos. Y por eso me gusta, y por eso estoy muy agradecido por pasar este tiempo contigo, Carlos.Pero los temas requieren un profundo disciplina para comprender, o al menos según yo, como alguien que está muy nuevo a estos temas. Entonces, a nuestra época, parece que somos, según yo, arrastrados a una velocidad sin precedentes. Nuestras tecnologías están avanzando y quizás socavando simultáneamente nuestra capacidad de comprender lo que está sucediendo en el mundo. Los usamos como protesta a veces como, como mencionaste, [00:49:00] pero sin una comprensión más profunda de cómo nos usan también. Entonces tengo la curiosidad por saber qué papel desempeña la ecología de los medios en la redención o curación de la cultura en nuestro tiempo. Cómo podría la ecología de los medios ser un aliado, quizás, en nuestros caminos? Carlos: Sí, yo creo que esta idea estaba presente, no? En los teóricos de la media ecology, digamos la primera generación.Ahora que lo pienso, estaba también en la semiótica de Umberto Eco, no? Cuando decía la semiótica más allá de analizar cómo se construye significado, también aporta a mejorar la vida significativa, o sea, la vida cultural, la vida comunicacional, nuestro funcionamiento como sujeto, digamos. Y yo creo que en ese sentido, la media ecology también.Digamos, si nosotros entendemos el ecosistema mediático, vamos a poder sacarlo mejor [00:50:00] coevolucionar mejor. Vamos a ser más responsables también a la hora de generar contenidos, a la hora de retwittear de manera a veces automática ciertas cosas. Yo creo que es todo un crecimiento de vivir una vida mediática sana, que yo creo que hoy existe esa posibilidad.Yo estoy en Twitter desde el 2008-2009 y sólo dos veces tuve así un encontronazo y bloqueé a una persona mal educada. Después el resto de mi vida en Twitter, es rica de información de contactos. Aprendo muchísimo me entero de cosas que se están investigando. O sea, también están uno elegir otras cosas.Y por ejemplo, donde veo que yo hay que hay redes que no me aportan nada, no directamente ni entro. También es eso de aprender a sacar lo mejor de este ecosistema mediático. Y lo mismo para el ecosistema natural. Así como estamos aprendiendo a preocuparnos de dónde viene la comida, [00:51:00] cuánto tiempo se va a tardar en disolver este teléfono móvil por los componentes que tiene. Bueno, también es tomar conciencia de eso. Ya sea en el mundo natural, como en el mundo de la comunicación. Y yo creo que todos estos conocimientos, en este caso, la media ecology nos sirve para captar eso, no? Y mejorar nosotros también como sujetos, que ya no somos más el centro del universo, que esta es la otra cuestión. Somos un átomo más perdido entre una complejidad muy grande. Chris: Mm. Mm, pues que estas obras y trabajos y estudios tuyos y de los demás nos da la capacidad de leer y comprender ese complejidad, no?O sea, parece más y más complejo cada vez y nos requiere como más y más discernimiento. Entonces, yo creo que pues igual, hemos metido mucho en tu voluntad y capacidad de [00:52:00] hacer eso y ponerlo en el mundo. Entonces, finalmente Carlos me gustaría a extender mi agradecimiento y la de nuestros oyentes por tu tiempo hoy, tu consideración y tu trabajo.Siento que pues, la alfabetización mediática y la ecología de los medios son extremadamente deficientes en nuestro tiempo y su voluntad de preguntar sobre estas cosas y escribir sobre ellas es una medicina para un mundo quebrantado y para mi turístico. Entonces, así que muchísimas gracias, Carlos, por venir hoy.Carlos: Gracias. Te agradezco por las preguntas. Y bueno, yo creo que el tema del turismo es un tema que está ocupa lugar central hoy. Si tú estuvieras en Barcelona, verías que todos los días se está debatiendo este tema. Así que yo creo que bueno, adelante con esa reflexión y esa investigación sobre el turismo, porque es muy pertinente y necesaria.Chris: Pues sí, gracias. [00:53:00] Igual yo siento que hay una conexión fuerte entre esas definiciones más amplias de turismo y la ecología de medios. O sea, ha abierto una apertura muy grande para mí para entender el turismo más profundamente. Igual antes de terminar Carlos, cómo podrían nuestros oyentes encontrar tus libros y tu trabajo?Sé que hemos hablado de dos libros que escribiste, pero hay mucho más. Muchísimo más. Entonces, cómo se pueden encontrarlos y encontrarte?Carlos: Lo más rápido es en en mi blog, que es hipermediaciones.com Ahí van a encontrar información sobre todos los libros que voy publicando, etcétera, etc. Y después, bueno, yo soy muy activo, como dije en Twitter X. Me encuentran la letra CEscolari y de Carlos es mi Twitter. Y bueno, también ahí trato de difundir información sobre estos [00:54:00] temas.Como dije antes, aprendo mucho de esa red y trato de también devolver lo que me dan poniendo siempre información pertinente. Buenos enlaces. Y no pelearme mucho.Chris: Muy bien, muy bien, pues voy a asegurar que esos enlaces y esas páginas estén ya en la sección de tarea el sitio web de El fin del turismo cuando sale el episodio. Igual otras entrevistas y de tus libros. No hay falta. Entonces, con mucho gusto, los voy compartiendo. Bueno, Carlos, muchísimas gracias y lo aprecio mucho.Carlos: Muchas gracias y nos vemos en México.English TranscriptionChris: [00:00:00] Welcome to the podcast The End of Tourism, Carlos. Thank you for being able to speak with me today. It's a great pleasure to have you here with me today.Carlos: No, thank you, Chris, for the invitation. It is a great pleasure and honor to chat with you, a great traveler and, well, I have never directly investigated the subject of tourism.Well, I understand that we are going to talk about media ecology and collateral issues that can help us better understand, give meaning to all that is happening in the world of tourism. Well, I work in Barcelona. I don't live in the city exactly, but I work at the university in Barcelona, in the central area.Well, every time I go to the city, the number of tourists increases every day and the debate on tourism in all its dimensions increases. So it is a topic that is on the agenda, right?Chris: Yes, well I imagine that even if you don't like to think or if you don't want to think about tourism there, it is inevitable to have a personal lesson [00:01:00] from that industry.Carlos: Yes, to the point that it is almost becoming a taxonomic criterion, right? ...of classification or cities with a lot of tourists, cities or places without tourists that are the most sought after until they are filled with tourists. So we are practically in a vicious circle.Chris: Well, at some point I know that it changes, the cycle breaks, at least to account for what we are doing with the behavior.And I understand that this also has a lot to do with the ecology of the media, the lack of ability to understand our behaviors, attitudes, thoughts, feelings, etc. So, before continuing with your work and deeds, I would like to ask you about your path and your life.First, I wonder if you could define for our listeners what media ecology is and how you [00:02:00] became interested in this field? How did you come to dedicate your life to this study?Carlos: Yes. Let's see a little bit. There is one, this is the official history. We would say media ecology, it is a field of research, let's say, that was born in the 60s. We must take into account above all the work of Marshall McLuhan, a Canadian researcher who is very famous worldwide. He was perhaps the most famous media researcher philosopher in the 60s and 70s.And a colleague of his, Neil Postman, who was at New York University, was a bit, let's say, among the people who surrounded these two references, no, in the 60s, from there it was brewing, let's say, what was later called media ecology. It is said that the first person to talk about media ecology, who applied this metaphor to the media, was Marshall McLuhan himself in some private conversations, [00:03:00] letters that were sent to each other in the late 50s, early 60s, by researchers on these topics?Let's say the first public appearance of the concept of media ecology was a lecture in 1968 by Neil Postman. It was a public speech that talked about how the media transforms us and how the media transforms us, forming an environment in which we grow, develop, and so on. And we are sometimes not very aware of this environment that surrounds us and shapes us.He first used the concept of media ecology in a public lecture. And then, if we go back to the early 70s, Postman himself created the first program in media ecology at NYU, at New York University. So, in 73, 74 and 75, what I call the second generation began to emerge, of people [00:04:00] some of whom were trained in these courses in New York.For example, Christine Nystrom was the first PhD thesis on my ecology; people like Paul Levinson who in 1979 defended a PhD thesis directed by Postman on the evolution of the media, right? And the same thing happened in Toronto in the 70s. Marshall McLuhan died in December 80.Let's say that the 70s were his last decade of intellectual production. And there are a number of collaborators at that time, very young people like Robert Logan, Derrick De Kerchove, who later continued to work a bit along these lines, along these lines. And there we talk about the Canadian front, eh?This whole second generation was developing, expanding and applying. Let's not forget Eric McLuhan, Marshall's son, who was also part of this whole movement. [00:05:00] And if I remember correctly, in 2000, the Media Ecology Association was created, which is the Media Ecology Association, which is an academic, scientific organization that brings together people who deal with media ecology.If we think at a more scientific epistemological level, we can think of this metaphor of media ecology from two or three perspectives. On the one hand, this idea that media create environments. This is a very strong idea of Marsha McLuhan, of Postman and of this whole group, isn't it? The media - "medium" understood in a very broad sense, no, any technology could be a medium for them.For Marsha McLuhan, the wheel is a medium. A telescope is a medium. A radio is a medium and television is a medium, right? I mean, any technology can be considered a medium. Let's say that these media, these technologies, generate a [00:06:00] environment that transforms us. It transforms our way, sometimes our way of thinking, our way of perceiving the world, our conception of time and space.And we are not aware of that change. Let's think that, I don't know, before 1800, if someone had to make a trip of a thousand kilometers (and here we are approaching tourism) kilometers was a trip that had to be planned many months in advance. With the arrival of the train, we are already in 1800, those kilometers were shortened. Let's say no? There we see as if today they tell us 1000 kilometers.Well, yes, we take a plane. It's an hour, an hour and a quarter of a journey. Today, 1000 kilometres is much less than 200 years ago and even in terms of time, time has changed. Right? All of that is a consequence, let's say, of this change, our perception is a consequence of a series of media and technologies.The railroad. Obviously, today we have airplanes. The same digital networks that have somewhat brought us this idea of "time [00:07:00] real," this anxiety of wanting everything fast, right? That is also a consequence of these environmental changes generated by the media and technologies, eh? This is a very strong idea, when McLuhan and Postman talked about this in the 60s, they were strong intuitions that they had from a very intelligent observation of reality. Today, cognitive sciences, or rather neuroscience, have confirmed these hypotheses. In other words, today there are a series of methodologies to study the brain and we can already see how technologies...The media even affects the physical structure of the brain. Right? Another thing that is historical is that the media affects our memory. This comes from Plato 2,500 years ago, who said that writing would kill the memory of men. Well, we can think for ourselves, right?Or at least this generation, who [00:08:00] lived in a world before and after mobile apps. 30 years ago, 25 years ago, I had 30-40 phone numbers in my memory. Today I don't have any. And let's also think about GPS, right? At one time, taxi drivers in London, which is a Latin city, knew the city by heart. And today, that's no longer necessary because they have GPS.And when they went to study the brains of London taxi drivers, they saw that certain areas of the brain had shrunk, so to speak, which are the areas that manage the spatial part. McLuhan already talked about this in the 60s. He said that changes narcotize certain areas of the mind, he said.But well, we see that a lot of empirical research, very cutting-edge neuroscience research is confirming all these thoughts, all these things that were said in the 60s onwards, by media ecology. Another possibility is to understand [00:09:00] this as a media ecosystem, Marshall McLuhan always said we cannot give it meaning,We cannot understand a medium in isolation from other media. It is as if media only acquire meaning in relation to other media. Neil Postman and many other people from the school of media ecology also defend this position, that, well, we cannot understand the history of cinema if we do not link it to video games, if we do not link it to the appearance of television.And so with all the media, right? Eh? There are some very interesting works. For example, about how in the 19th century, different media, we could say, co-evolved with each other. The press, the telegraph. The train, which also transported newspapers, news agencies appeared. I mean, we see how it is very difficult to understand the development of the press in the 19th century and we don't link it to the telephone, if we don't link it to photography, if we don't link it to radio photography, [00:10:00] also later on.I mean, this idea is very strong. It is also one of the principles that I consider fundamental to this vision, which would be that the media are not alone, they are part of an ecosystem and if we want to understand what is happening and how all this works, we cannot, uh, analyze the media in isolation from the rest.There is a third interpretation. I don't know if it's too metaphorical, right? Above all, people in Italy like the researcher Fausto Colombo from Milan or Michele Cometa, he is a researcher from Sicily, Michele Cometa who talks about the turn, the ecomedia turn. These researchers are moving in a whole conception according to which, we are in a unique media ecosystem that is contaminated.It is contaminated by "fake news" it is contaminated by false news, it is contaminated by hate speech, etc., etc. So they, let's say, take up this ecological metaphor to say [00:11:00] We have to clean this ecosystem just as the natural ecosystem is contaminated, it needs a cleaning intervention, let's say a purification, eh?The media ecosystem is also in the same danger, isn't it? And these people are also calling attention, and I am very close to this line of work on the material dimension of communication. And this also has to do with tourism, right? The environmental impact that communication has today.Training an artificial intelligence involves a huge amount of electricity; keeping social networks running, eh, TikTok, YouTube, whatever, involves millions of servers running that suck up electricity and also have to be cooled, consuming even more electricity. And that has a significant impact on the climate.So, well, let's say, we see that this metaphor of the ecological, applied to the media, gives rise to two or three interpretations.Chris: Mmm. [00:12:00] Wow. I feel like when I started taking that course from Andrew McLuhan, Marshall's grandson, as I mentioned, it changed my perspective completely - on the world, on the way I understand and how I don't understand our technologies, my movements, etc. But now, from a person who has been studying this for decades, I would like to know how you started. I mean, Andrew, for example, has the excuse of his lineage, not his father and his grandfather.But then, as a young Argentine, he began learning about media ecology.Carlos: Well, I'll tell you. I studied communication in Argentina, in Rosario. I finished college. The last exam was on June 24, 1986, which was the day that Lionel Messi was born in Rosario, Argentina, on the same day. And [00:13:00] I worked, I collaborated in a class in a subject that was communication theories.And I even taught until 1990, three years, because after that I went to live in Italy. At that time, we read Marshall McLuhan, but it was a very ideologically biased reading. In Latin America, you must have seen it in Mexico. There is a whole history, a tradition of criticism from the media, especially of everything that comes from the United States, and Canada is very close to the United States.So, let's say that in the 70s and 80s and until today I would tell you that Marshall McLuhan was often criticized because he did not criticize the media. I mean, he had a vision. He said, Neil Postman, yes, he had a very critical vision. But in that case, this was one of the big differences between Postman and McLuhan, that Marshall McLuhan, at least in [00:14:00] public, he did not criticize the media. He said, well, I am a researcher, I send out probes. I am exploring what is happening.And he never joined in... And I think that was very clever of him... he never joined in this worldwide chorus of criticism of the media. At that time, television was a monster for many people.Children were not supposed to watch television. A bit like what happens today with cell phones and what happens today with TikTok. At that time, television was the monster. At that time, there was a lot of research in the United States, which was already based on the premise that television and the media are bad for people.We see that it is a story that repeats itself. I think that in that sense, Marshall McLuhan, very intelligently, did not join that critical chorus and he really dedicated himself to thinking about the media from a much freer perspective, not anchored by this vision that I believe is too ideologized, which is very strong in Latin America. It is very strong. This does not imply [00:15:00] letting down one's guard, not being critical. On the contrary.But I think that true critical thinking starts from not saying so much ideology, we say "this is already bad. Let's look at this." There will be good things. There will be bad things. There will be things, which is undeniable, that the media, even if we say they are good, will transform us. And I think that was the important thing about the McLuhanian idea.So my first approach to McLuhan was from the perspective of critical authors who, well, yes, come from the United States, they don't criticize the media. We're going to criticize him, right? And that was my first approach to Marshall McLuhan.I went to Italy in the 90s. I was out of college for almost eight years, working in digital media, web development, multimedia products, and pretext. And in the late 90s, I said, I want to go back to college. I want to be a PhD. And I said, "I want to do a PhD. Well. Being in Italy, the PhD was going to be in semiotics." So I did a [00:16:00] PhD. My thesis was on semiotics of interfaces.There I had a vision of digital interfaces that consider, for example, instruments like the mouse or joystick as extensions of our body, right? The mouse extends the hand and puts it inside the screen, right? Or the joystick or any other element of the digital interface? Of course. If we talk about the mouse being an extension of the hand, that is a McLuhanian idea.The media as extensions of the human being as a subject. So, of course, I reread McLuhan in Italian at the end of the 90s, and I reconciled with McLuhan because I found many interesting things to understand precisely the interaction with digital machines.In 2002, I moved with my family to Spain. I returned to university life. [00:17:00] And there I began to study the relationship between old and new media. Then I recovered the idea of ecosystem. I recovered the whole new idea, the id

Jeg tar en oppfølgingsprat med forrige ukes gjest Erik Duhs Nilsen - brenner han inne med noe? Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Jeg tar en oppfølgingsprat med forrige ukes gjest Erik Duhs Nilsen - brenner han inne med noe? Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  Huis kopen - Wat mag je allemaal meefinancieren in je hypotheek? Als je een huis koopt, sluit je waarschijnlijk een hypotheek af. De meeste mensen hebben de bank nodig om een huis te kopen.Maar je wilt nog wat aanpassingen doen. Verduurzamen, verbouwing meefinancieren en andere extra zaken. Ook daar is geld voor nodig. Wat kun je nou wel en wat niet meefinancieren in je hypotheek zoals je bouwdepot of kosten koper en hoe dat werkt. Daar heb ik het in deze podcast uitgebreid over! Ook heb ik nog een interessante link voor je naar ons hypotheekkantoor Papyrus en Assurantiën 

Here you are, today, acting like it's not happening. Here you are acting like you have forever, like it will always be this way. 

You have it right now. Your child's childhood is happening right now. 

Mit der Hilfe von einem Computer haben Forscher es geschafft, Teile einer uralten Papierrolle zu lesen. Sie waren die ersten Menschen seit fast 2000 Jahren, die die Papierrolle lesen konnten. Denn die Papierrolle ist verkohlt. Von Lisa Rauschenberger.

I'm reading and talking about Ted Gioia's "Immersive Humanities Course," 52 weeks of World Classics.This week's reading was the Egyptian Book of the Dead. Somehow I did not get Ted's recommended translation by Susan Hollis. Instead, I had the gigantic and very, very beautiful reproduction of the complete Papyrus of Ani. This edition had a huge influence on my week "in" Egypt.The Book of the Dead isn't really one book; at the time of its writing (around 1300 BC) it was common to have a papyrus scroll of spells and directions placed in the coffin with the deceased. In this case, the priest Ani had died and this is his scroll. There have been many such scrolls, and pieces of scrolls, found in various tombs across Egypt. Each section of the scroll contains a text that has, for modern purposes, been called a chapter. Many scrolls have many “chapters” in common, but so far no scroll has all of them. On top of that, the chapters can be in any order. The chapters (are they prayers? Spells? Opinions seem split.) are, for the most part, pretty obscure. We spend some time reading excerpts, just to get a sense of them. There really isn't a description of how a person might become “spiritualized” or “pure.” Everything is instruction for the dead in the afterlife.Here are a few more thoughts about this reading. It might seem a little random, but this reading felt a little random, too:Until the Rosetta Stone was found in 1820, the text was completely unknown. The guess was that it was a book of wisdom similar to our Bible. That's actually completely wrong—none of it is oriented toward the living. The text is all about the god Osiris, who was murdered, mourned and buried. Later myths tell of Osiris' resurrection. The vignettes are personalized, in this case for the priest Ani (and his wife Tutu).Burials apparently re-enacted the death of Osiris in ritual form, delivering the deceased to the point of the weighing of the heart. There are prayers to open the deceased's mouth, ears, and eyes in the afterlife, because all of these would be necessary to live there. There is debate whether the myth created the ritual, or did the burial ritual arise first, with the myth developing around it later to explain the actions? It's interesting to me that we can't know based on what the Egyptians left behind.Judgment in the afterlife is the literal weighing of the deceased's heart against a feather! (I would definitely not pass.) The feather is called a ma'at, and is “Truth” or “Rightful Order.” If you are found to have a light heart, you can pass to the good afterlife, the Field of Reeds.The heart is the single most important part of a person, living or dead. It's the engine of the body and the seat of both emotions and intelligence. In the afterlife it was very important not to lose your heart, even though it was now outside of your body thanks to the mummification process.The Egyptians saw death as the confrontation with nonexistence and irrationality. The goal of weight your heart was to travel as an akh, in the sun and in order. The Book of the Dead is a guide to thwart the chaos of the universe, and even the gods had to contend with that disorder.Words, images and reality were a unity in Egyptian thought. The images in the scrolls function as text, and all of it is real. In drawing or writing things, they take on reality. In fact, this was why defacing the name of a king would be regarded as a capital crime; it was no better than assaulting or murdering the king himself.Many gods are represented by animal faces or body parts. Interestingly, this wasn't meant to...

Dr. Weaver records a podcast while in Egypt discussing three amazing archaeology discoveries made in Egypt. These include the Merneptah Stele, the Shishak Relief, and Papyrus 52 also known as the John Rylands Fragment.

Entre 2020 et 2023, Annecy et son agglomération ont connu une véritable série noire en matière de cybersécurité. Trois cyberattaques successives ont touché les collectivités locales, révélant brutalement la vulnérabilité de leurs systèmes informatiques et provoquant une véritable prise de conscience. Face à l'ampleur du choc, la ville a réagi en profondeur.Tout commence en décembre 2020. Le Grand Annecy est frappé par une cyberattaque d'ampleur : il faudra six mois pour s'en remettre. « Un cambriolage numérique », confiera un agent, soulignant l'impact psychologique de cette intrusion. Mais ce n'était que le début. En novembre 2021, puis en octobre 2023, c'est la Ville d'Annecy elle-même qui est prise pour cible. Si la première attaque est lourde de conséquences, la seconde est bien mieux maîtrisée. Les leçons ont été tirées, la défense commence à porter ses fruits.Et pour cause : les collectivités locales, souvent mal armées, sont devenues des cibles de choix pour les cybercriminels. Annecy, elle, a décidé de ne plus subir. Résultat : le budget cybersécurité de la mairie a été multiplié par huit. De 50 000 euros en 2020, il grimpe à 400 000 euros par an. Une véritable révolution pour une ville de cette taille. Depuis le début du mandat, 730 000 euros ont été mobilisés pour la cybersécurité. Une enveloppe répartie entre la réparation des dégâts (184 000 euros), l'acquisition de logiciels spécialisés (232 000 euros), et le remplacement du matériel vieillissant (315 000 euros). Mais ce n'est pas qu'une affaire de budget.Annecy a aussi transformé ses pratiques. Authentification à double facteur, VPN, sensibilisation des agents, automatisation des mises à jour… autant de mesures devenues la norme dans les services. L'hôpital d'Annecy est même allé plus loin, organisant l'exercice grandeur nature « Papyrus », simulant un black-out numérique total. Annecy, autrefois cible facile, est aujourd'hui un exemple de résilience numérique. Preuve qu'avec les bons outils, la bonne stratégie… et un peu de budget, les collectivités peuvent reprendre la main sur leur cybersécurité. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Just before he lands at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival Julio Torres joins Alexei Toliopoulos to explore the Last Video Store. Julio Torres is one of the great modern masters of surrealist comedy. Julio made his bones writing now classic sketches at Saturday Night Live (including PAPYRUS starring Ryan Gosling), he’s also the creative force on tv series LOS ESPOOKYS & FANTASMAS. Now Julio has directed his feature film debut, the brilliant comedy PROBLEMISTA, starring Tilda Swinton. JULIO’s comedy festival show link PROBLEMISTA screening with Julio & Alexei BOOK TICKETS for Alexei’s comedy fest show REFUSED CLASSIFICATION with Zach Ruane in MELBOURNE, SYDNEY, PERTH and BRISBANEFollow ALEXEI TOLIOPOULOS on Letterboxd for all the rental combo lists. Here’s Julio’s list. GUEST PICKS: PROBLEMISTA (Comedy), WHERE IS THE FRIEND’S HOUSE (Art House), BIRTH (Cult)STAFF PICKS: T BLOCKERS (Horror), LOVE SERENADE (Cult)See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

It’s Neurodiversity Celebration Week and Nikki shares the toll standard testing takes on parents, Papyrus rears its head and Patty Carrigan is in studio! See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

You'll know when you're watching a Julio Torres project. The comedian, filmmaker, and comedy writer's work is surreal, aesthetic, and delightfully absurd. His most recent works include "Problemista," a film about a young man looking for work in New York City. And it has something to say about the nightmarish aspects of the American visa system. "Fantasmas," a six-part HBO series, finds Torres in search of a lost golden oyster earing, navigating through otherworldly vignettes. His "Saturday Night Live" skits like "Papyrus" draw attention to absurdity in the smaller parts of life most of us overlook. We talk to Torres about his work and his artistic style. Want to support 1A? Give to your local public radio station and subscribe to this podcast. Have questions? Connect with us. Listen to 1A sponsor-free by signing up for 1A+ at plus.npr.org/the1a.Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy

In dieser Podcast-Folge spricht Andreas mit der Historikerin und Papyrologin Anna Dolganov über einen spannenden Fund: einen fast 2000 Jahre alten Papyrus, der eine Gerichtsverhandlung und einen Kriminalfall dokumentiert. Anna erzählt uns wie sie diesen Fall entziffert hat und was die Papyrologie über das alltägliche Leben und den Widerstand im alten Rom verrät. Könnten wir uns in dieser Zeit zurechtfinden? Was verbindet uns heute noch mit den Menschen von damals? Reinhören! Hier gehts zum Blog von Anna über das Thema: https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000241549/romans-go-home Und hier gehts zum Papyrusmuseum Wien: https://www.onb.ac.at/museen/papyrusmuseum

In this lecture, Bible teacher Dave Bigler (founder of Iron Sheep Ministries) does a basic overview of the history of our New Testament text. From the spreading of the early Gospel by word of mouth, the writing down of our New Testament text on papyrus to the formation of the New Testament Canon of scripture. All this and more is covered in this one hour lecture.Outline:01:38 - What are the top arguments against the validity of the Bible?03:06 - We live in a culture of doubt. 03:49 - Overview of part 1 and part 2 of this lecture series. 04:44 - Knowledge is our greatest strength amidst a culture of doubt.Jude 10; Rom 12.2; Prov 15.14; Prov 23.12; Prov 1:7Own your knowledge, if you don't know, find out. Pray for a hunger for knowledge.06:59 - The goal: Provide a basic, foundational knowledge of how our New Testament text passed from the pen of its original human author to your hands today. 07:14 - Outline for the lecture08:50 - what does inerrant mean?Define inerrant - without error. God, through the Holy Spirit, inspired the original human author who put pen to paper (quill to papyrus). THAT original also known as the “autograph,” THAT was without error. We do not have any of the original “autographs.” We have copies, that is where Textual criticism comes in. But let me be clear from the start; in all my research, all my schooling, all my studies; as much as I can be sure of anything, I am sure that this is God's perfect word for us today. Mat 24:35 - Heaven and earth will pass away, but my word will never pass away.10:45 - The spreading of the early gospel - an oral traditionThe gospel spread, and the narratives about Jesus' life and teachings were repeated hundreds of thousands of times by reliable eyewitnesses simply by word of mouth.Mat 28.18-20Acts 1.814:34 - When, why, and how was the text written down? When was the New Testament written? 17:18 - Why was there a gap between when Jesus lived and when the New Testament was written?18:10 - Why was the New Testament even written down?19:17 - What is the principle of immanence in Christianity?Heb 1.2, Matt 24.36, Mark 13,3220:44 - How was the New Testament written? Parchment, Papyrus, Manuscripts, etc.22:28 - what is a scribe?23:44 - The Canon of Scripture. Who decided what books would be in the Bible? What does the word Canon mean in relation to the Bible?23:44 - What is Canonization?25:36 - What is Pseudepigrapha?What is the Testament of Hezekiah, the Vision of Isaiah, the Books of Enoch, the Book of Noah, the Testament of Abraham, The Acts of Paul, The Gospel of Thomas, The Epistles of Barnabas?28:26 - Three key criteria for determining what books were in the New Testament Canon:ApostolicityOrthodoxyCatholicity30:48 - What books were questioned?33:14 - Why was the book of James questioned as being part of the New Testament?35:56 - Textual Criticism - the transmission of our text (copies of copies)38:06 - What is a textual variant in the Bible?47:39 - Is the ending of Mark a textual variant? Who wrote the ending to Mark? Mark 16.9-2052:07 - Was the story of the woman caught in adultery in the original New Testament text? John 7.53-8.11 56:17 - how much confidence can we really have in our text today?A look at Greek and Roman Historians 484-140ADHerodotus, Thucydides, Livy, Tacitus, Suetonius01:01:53 - Can we be confident in our New Testament text?01:04:04 - Where to learn more about Textual Criticism? Peter Gurry - interview on ApostleTalk.orgCo-Director - Text and Canon Institute TextandCanon.orgDig super deep w/ those that know - EvangelicalTextualCriticism.blogspot.comCenter for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts csntm.orgBooks: Reinventing Jesus (Daniel Wallace)How We Got the Bible (Neil Lightfoot)Scribes & Scripture (Peter Gurry)Pastor's Guide to the NT (David Bigler)01:06:25 - What will be in Part 2?01:07:05 - In Conclusion: God is sovereign!

Episode 19: “Rock, Papyrus, Scissors”Featuring the audiobook “The Dreamer, the Schemer, & the Robe,” by Jenny L. CoteJoseph's work in Potiphar's garden impresses his boss greatly, while Joseph is merely serving God first. Meanwhile our Epic animal hosts try to introduce themselves, we receive a wonderful letter from the Armaly Family; and Liz retreats to her own garden; and her singing tends to grow on her cohosts “In the Garden.” 1:04 – The animals try their hands – uh, paws, at doing their own introductions – it's not as easy as it looks.4:33 – Announcer Lad attempts to play “Rock, Paper Scissors” and gets an anatomy lesson instead.5:57 – Chapter 18 – “Rock, Papyrus, Scissors”19:09 – Nigel has a question about Joseph working in Potiphar's garden – Jenny explains in Jenny's Corner.21:45 – We hear kind words from the Armaly Family24:03 – With all this focus on gardens, Liz retreats to her garden – where her singing grows on everyone “In the Garden.” And as always – we'd love to hear from you! Email Jenny: Jenny@epicorderoftheseven.comBy the way - the audiobook, “The Dreamer, the Schemer,& the Robe: written by Jenny L. Cote, and narrated by Denny Brownlee, is available on Audible.com. To order your copy - Click here: adbl.co/3BPQ1Zy

Corie Mapp, a double leg amputee, is fresh from winning gold at the Para-bobsleigh World Championships in Switzerland. Corie took up the sport after he was injured in Afghanistan and says “going down an ice chute in a bath tub” has given him a fresh perspective on disability and risk. Also on this episode, a suicide charity which runs the UK's only 24-hour phone line staffed by trained, paid, call handlers, says it's desperately short of funding. Emma Tracey talks to Francesca, a long-term user of Papyrus who credits the service with saving her life, and CEO Ged Flynn. And Chantal Nasseri, the Access Coordinator for the Hollywood film Wicked, describes how she made every aspect of the production accessible, from transport to costumes. Presenter: Emma Tracey Producers: George Sharpe, Daniel Gordon, Alex Collins Recorded and mixed: Dave O' Neill Editors: Beth Rose, Ben Mundy

The publication of a really long Roman legal document from the Judean Desert has us wondering about crime. Is changing a location on a contract really forgery? How about a little light counterfeiting of silver coins? Ok fine, but there's sales tax on slaves? That makes all this even worse.

Vor 1700 Jahren schrieben die Menschen auf einem Stoff einer Pflanze: Papyrus. An der Universität Trier erforschen Wissenschaftler eine Sammlung dieser Papyri. Junior-Professor Patrick Reinard erklärt, was dieser Schatz an der Mosel zu einem antiken Mönch im frühchristlichen Ägypten offenbart - und wie der damalige Streit um bestimmte Glaubensaspekte selbst bis nach Trier beziehungsweise Augusta Treverorum Auswirkungen hatte.

Welcome to the Celestial Insights Podcast, the show that brings the stars down to Earth! Each week, astrologer, coach, and intuitive Celeste Brooks of Astrology by Celeste will be your guide. Her website is astrologybyceleste.com.  

Die Althistorikerin Anna Dolganov über einen antiken Kriminalfall und eine drakonische Bestrafung. Ein Podcast vom Pragmaticus. Das Thema:Anna Dolganov ist eine Sensation gelungen: Sie hat gemeinsam mit weiteren Forschern das „Papyrus Cotton“ übersetzt und interpretiert  und damit zum ersten Mal die konkrete Gerichtspraxis des römischen Staates in Iudaea und Arabia, entlegenen Provinzen des Reiches, nachvollziehbar gemacht. Der Papyrus legt Zeugnis ab von der angespannten Lage kurz vor dem Ausbruch des dritten jüdischen Aufstandes gegen die römische Herrschaft. Die beiden Angeklagten wurden nicht nur des Steuerbetrugs bezichtigt, sondern auch der Verschwörung. Dolganov berichtet im Podcast über das zur Last gelegte Verbrechen, die Strafen, die darauf (vermutlich) folgten und wie fast unleserliche Schriftstücke der Antike übersetzt und interpretiert werden können. Unser Gast in dieser Folge: Anna Dolganov ist Althistorikerin und Papyrologin am Österreichischen Archäologischen Institut (ÖAI) der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW) in Wien, wo sie ein Projekt über das römische Archivwesen leitet. Die Sozial-, Rechts- und Institutionsgeschichte des römischen Reiches ist einer ihrer Schwerpunkte ebenso wie die Interpretation dokumentarischer Quellen wie etwa Papyri.Dies ist ein Podcast von Der Pragmaticus. Sie finden uns auch auf Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn und X (Twitter).

In Episode 36, host Lyubov Ozeretskovskaya (@LoveFortySix) welcomes Lena Bee (Lalena Bee) to INIT Talks. Lena is a sim-racer with Team Beehive and has been passionate about racing since childhood. Her love for racing began when her father introduced her to sim racing, and they spent countless hours playing classic titles like IndyCar by Papyrus, Gran Turismo, and GP2. Currently, she is focused primarily on iRacing, where she continues chasing new goals on the virtual track. She is also a sound engineer, singer, songwriter, and producer, which has led to some interesting opportunities within the Sim Racing world.   Lena talks about her other passions—fashion and cosplay are a big part of her personality. Heavily influenced by Japanese Pop Culture, she definitely stands out in a crowd. She showcases a lot of her work on Instagram. Whether behind the wheel or in the studio, She is always creating and pushing herself to new limits. So buckle up – Screen to Speed starts now! ===== (Oo---x---oO) ===== 00:00:00 Introduction to Screen to Speed 00:00:59 Meet Lena Bee: Sim Racer, Cosplayer, and Sound Designer 00:01:11 Exploring Thailand's Car Culture 00:07:36 Lena's BMW Project Car 00:13:32 From Real Racing to Sim Racing 00:15:00 Journey into Sim Racing and Streaming 00:23:49 Favorite Cars and Racing Series 00:28:54 The World of Gaming Sound Design 00:32:56 Gaining Confidence in Streaming and Racing 00:33:27 Balancing Multiple Roles: Streamer, Cosplayer, and Game Sound Designer 00:33:50 Challenges of Streaming and Racing Simultaneously 00:35:04 The Importance of Dynamic Hobbies 00:35:49 Returning to Twitch and Overcoming Technical Issues 00:37:30 Experiences with iRacing and New Features 00:41:44 Discussing Car Preferences and Racing Strategies 00:52:07 Future Plans for Social Media and Content Creation 00:59:41 Travel Experiences and Aspirations 01:01:25 Advice for Women in Car Culture and Sim Racing 01:03:13 Conclusion and Social Media Links ==================== The Motoring Podcast Network : Years of racing, wrenching and Motorsports experience brings together a top notch collection of knowledge, stories and information. #everyonehasastory #gtmbreakfix - motoringpodcast.net More Information: https://www.motoringpodcast.net/ Become a VIP at: https://www.patreon.com/ Online Magazine: https://www.gtmotorsports.org/ INIT eSports focuses on sim racing events and digital tournaments. They bring eSports content to fans and sponsorship opportunities to brands, while maximizing audience reach across multiple sports, industries, and platforms. INIT eSports is a woman-led company where Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Accessibility is in their DNA, and their platform aims to combat bullying and cheating to help make the eSports world as safe and fair as possible. To learn more, be sure to logon to www.initesports.gg today or follow them on social media @initesports, join their discord, check out their YouTube Channel, or follow their live content via Twitch. Copyright INIT eSports. This content originally aired on the INIT Talks livestreams via Twitch. This episode is part of the Motoring Podcast Network and has been republished with permission.

Show NotesWe start from an informative update on the Flat Earth movement. Their model for the earth usually includes a wall of ice round the rim – Anarctica, that implies the 24 hour sunshine in the Anarctica summer is impossible and their claims often include that it does not occur.  So what happens when a group of prominent Flat Earth advocates are paid to visit Anarctica during its summer? That happened this month. For the rest of the show we discuss another story doing the rounds. It is prompted by the Museum of the Bible putting on display a mosaic from Israel which was uncovered in 2005 and was discussed back then. It dates to around 230AD and includes the phrase “God Jesus Christ” in one of its inscriptions. We deal with the context both in terms of the developing doctrine of the Trinity and in terms of apologists jumping on the latest ‘thing'.  Links: A full video on the update on a Flat Earthhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEc86p1vgLM Short one:https://youtube.com/shorts/HTSvI--ZVYg?si=jsEoFYmlLpHIzdXc CBN (The Christian Broadcasting Network Inc) on the ‘Jesus Mosaic':https://youtu.be/C_fTfAsJ5Lc?si=KdeNMfBMspCUfHfh Cameron' Capturing Christianity videohttps://youtu.be/zFPHoLFijUs?si=oKxGbVKKRK3REwnY A qualified academic Professor Christopher Rollston is Sean McDowell's guest here:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vw4lme5eLmA And here is a blog by Prof Rollston of George Washington Universityhttp://www.rollstonepigraphy.com/?p=1004 Past excitements:Curse Tablet – our episode 68 First-century fragment of MarkWallace's online announcementhttps://danielbwallace.com/2012/03/22/first-century-fragment-of-marks-gospel-found/His apology blog:https://danielbwallace.com/2018/05/23/first-century-mark-fragment-update/The Wikipedia articlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papyrus_137 The mummy mask papyrus, Craig Evans:https://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/21/living/gospel-mummy-mask/https://www.northridgerochester.com/theology-1/mummy-mask-may-reveal-oldest-fragment-of-the-gospel-of-markPiece by Richard Carrierhttps://www.richardcarrier.info/archives/13935Claims of it being a front for getting fragments without need for provenancehttps://art-crime.blogspot.com/2019/10/the-gospel-truth-how-laundering-of.html Searches for Noah's Arkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Searches_for_Noah%27s_Ark Egyptian Chariot Wheels in the Red Seahttps://biblearchaeologyreport.com/2018/10/11/fake-news-in-biblical-archaeology/ Doubts Aloud Links:Please give feedback and ask questions using:  doubtsaloud@gmail.com 

Except in the Cross of Jesus Galatians 6:1-18 by William Klock Everyone who knows me, I think, knows that I am no fan of Sportzball—of any kind.  That goes for Sportzpuck, too.  I have poor depth perception, so I've always been absolutely no good in any sport that involves flying or otherwise fast-moving objects.  I joined the swim team instead and—to this day—thorough enjoy it.  As a kid my favourite was to swim in the medley relay swimming backstroke.  I was really good at that it was fun to contribute that effort to a relay team.  You might not think it, but even on the swim team, as much as it might seem like everyone's competing individually—except for the handful of relay events—even on the swim team, we all had to pull our own weight, we all had to look out for each other to win.  I struggled with backstroke for a long time, but in high school one of the upperclassmen who would go on to the US Olympic team, not only encouraged me, but took me aside and worked with me to better my stroke.  Because that's what you do when you're on a team. But here's the thing.  We all know this.  It's a no-brainer.  A team won't win if it doesn't work together, if people don't show up, if everyone doesn't pull his own weight.  It's a no-brainer in sports.  But then there's the church.  In the average church about twenty per cent do eighty per cent of the work.  Compare the membership to average Sunday attendance and in the average church there's a significant difference between those two numbers.  I've been in churches where average Sunday attendance was less than a third of the actual membership.  And, it's been my experience, that instead of coming alongside to help each other when we see problems, too many of us stand on the sidelines and complain amongst ourselves.  We've seen a version of this in Galatians.  The team was being pulled apart: Jewish believers here, gentile believers there.  They were, as Paul puts it, biting and devouring each other and on the verge of blowing the whole thing up, when they should have been bearing with each other in love.  We're supposed to be focused on Jesus and walking by the Spirit, but all too often we end up focused on ourselves and walking according to the flesh.  So as we come to Chapter 6, the closing chapter of Paul's letter, he's made his arguments, but before he sums it up in closing, he visits a couple of relevant points about the unity of the church and what life—what teamwork—in a church characterised by the fruit of the Spirit looks like.  So, first, Galatians 6:1-5. Brothers [and Sisters], if someone is found out in some trespass, then you—the spiritual ones—should set such a person right, in a spirit of gentleness.  Watch out for yourselves: you too may be tested.  Carry each other's burdens; that's the way to fulfil the Messiah's law.  For if you think you're something when you're not, you deceive yourself.  Every one of you should test your own work, and then you will have a reason to boast of yourself, not of somebody else.  Each of you, you see, will have to carry your own load.   This is what it looks like to build a community around the fruit of the Spirit instead of the works of the flesh.  This is what it looks like to live in love and humility, instead of rivalry and jealousy.  Stuff will go wrong.  We may be walking by the Spirit, but we're not perfect.  And Paul says that when that happens, we need to set each other right in a spirit of gentleness.  You who are spiritual, he writes.  He might be saying that this is what spiritually mature believers do, but I really think he's writing this as a rebuke to the Galatians.  They think they're spiritual, but instead of dealing with each other in gentleness, instead of setting each other right, they're biting and devouring each other.  I really don't think this is Paul's instruction to the spiritually mature; it's his instruction to everyone to whom Jesus has given his Spirit—and that's all of us—everyone who is in Jesus the Messiah.  Brothers and Sisters, when Paul, in Chapter 5, says to walk by the Spirit, I think out tendency is to picture ourselves walking—each of us alone, each of us doing our own thing in line with the Spirit—but Paul's point here is that we don't do this as individuals.  The Spirit joins us into Jesus' one body and we walk by the Spirit together, as a community.  That means helping each other when we struggle or fall or stray.  And helping means being gentle in the sense that the end goal is restoration and the wholeness and unity of the community.  Remember, we follow Jesus who, as Paul put it earlier, “loved me and gave himself for me”.  We ought to feel the same way towards each other. It's easy to become prideful.  It's easy to look down on a brother or a sister who stumbles—as if it could never happen to us—so Paul warns: Watch out.  Someday you might be tested.  Instead, we need to be carrying each other's burdens.  And now he comes back full circle to this whole debate about the place of the law.  He says that it's as we bear with each other in love, gentleness, and humility, it's in this that we actually fulfil the law.  We can never fulfil the law through circumcision or diet or keeping the Sabbath, but by being this community that bears and that lives out the fruit of the Spirit—for each other and for the world. Then, on the other side of the scale, Paul stresses our work, our vocation within this community.  He's been warning about these circumcision people who want to “boast” in their circumcision.  What he's getting at is that when persecution comes, they'll point out that they're circumcised and can therefore claim the Jewish exemption from pagan worship.  Paul says, no!  God's given you gospel work to do and he's given you his Spirit to make it possible.  “Boast” in that.  When your neighbours or the civic officials come to arrest you for being anti-social or anti-patriotic or anti-religious appeal not to your circumcision, but to the gospel, to the kingdom work you and your brothers and sisters have done.  In other words, be the “on earth as in heaven” people Jesus and the Spirit have made you and leave the pagans nothing bad to say about you.  Don't glorify your flesh; let God be glorified.  And with that in mind he tells them—and us—to get to work.  Carry your load.  In other words, do the work of the kingdom that God has called and equipped you to do.  Don't sit around waiting for that committed twenty per cent to do it; do what God has called you to do.  Is there something that needs to be done?  Are you equipped to do it?  Then don't complain about it.  Go do it.  Visit that brother or sister in hospital.  Mop the kitchen floor.  Find an opportunity to talk to your neighbour or your co-worker or your grandchild about Jesus and the gospel.  “Each of you,” Paul writes, “have to carry your own [part of] the load.” And then, speaking of the loads we each bear within this Messiah community, Paul writes in verse 6: If someone is being taught the word, they should share with the teacher all the good things they have.  Don't be misled; God is not mocked.  What you sow is what you'll reap.  Yes: if you sow in the field of your flesh you will harvest decay from your flesh, but if you sow in the field of the Spirit you will harvest eternal life from the Spirit.   So speaking of everyone doing their part of the work…  I'm always impressed by Paul's ability to talk about money without mentioning money.  But here it is.  There is one job in the church that needs to be paid and I suspect this is Paul's way of saying to the Galatians, “If you'd been doing this, you probably would have avoided the situation you're in.”  Brothers and Sisters, those who preach and teach in the church need material support so that they can devote themselves to their work.  We see this in Acts.  There were a lot of things that needed to be done in the Jerusalem church.  Good things.  Godly things.  But the apostles realised that they needed to devote themselves to preaching and to prayer, so they appointed deacons to do those other things.  And this means a lot coming from Paul.  Paul supported himself making tents.  He didn't take money for himself from the churches he served, and yet he's always clear that that's not the norm.  He knew that the ministry of the word is absolutely essential to the church and he knew that it's time-consuming work and the church needs to do its best to make sure those who preach and teach actually have to time to minister the word well. Brothers and Sisters, you want to see revival?  Revival is always preceded—whether we look at the history of Israel or the history of the church—revival is always preceded by a passion for the teaching and preaching of God's word—by preachers who are passionate about proclaiming it and by people who are desperately hungry to hear it.  And that same history shows that when the church is at its lowest, there is a famine of the word.  Many of us left Mainline churches that were preaching heresy and people wonder how it happened.  Brothers and Sisters, it happened because the expositional preaching and the confidence in the inspired word of God that were our heritage, gifted to us by the Reformation, were lost.  As John Stott once said, “Sermonettes make Christianettes”.  It happens in theology liberal churches.  It happens in sacramentalist churches.  It happens anywhere the glory of God's word has been eclipsed by other priorities.  Poorly taught people who don't know their Bibles are prey to heresy and immaturity and that's precisely what's happened.  It's what happened in Galatia.  And so Paul warns them that they need to support the ministry of men in their churches to give the word of God its due, so that they preach it faithfully and powerfully, so that the churches will grow in the Spirit, know the truth, and recognise error when they see it. And Paul is then clear: If you think you can do without serious Bible teaching in your church and still steer your way through the false teachers and heresies of the day unscathed, you are fooling yourself.  God is not mocked.  He has spoken.  He has given his word because he loves us, because he wants us to know him, because he wants us to know his promises and his faithfulness so that we can live in hope, so that we can each go out to proclaim the gospel faithfully and so that the church can be what he wants it to be.  Brothers and Sisters, faithful Christians should have a natural hunger for that word and to hear it proclaimed fully and faithfully.  Our forebearers back in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, after a millennium-long famine of the word, were eager to hear it.  They'd listen to an hour-long sermon Sunday morning, then come back in the afternoon to hear another two or sometimes three preachers proclaim the word—not pop-psychology, not self-help, not sermons where a verse is just a springboard for the preacher to jump into his own ideas, but to hear God's word explained and applied.  Because they were hungry to hear God speak. Paul says: You reap what you sow.  There are exceptions.  Sometimes you pay a preacher and he turns out to be useless and there are some underpaid preachers who are brilliant, but as a general rule—and one borne out in the history of the church—if you don't take preaching seriously and if you don't invest your church's resources in good preaching, you will end up with a shallow and half-baked pulpit ministry, a famine of the word, and ultimately all sorts of false teaching and heresy. And still talking about money—again without actually using the word—Paul carries on in verses 9 and 10 with this image of sowing and reaping. Don't lose your enthusiasm for doing good.  At the proper time you'll bring the harvest in, if you don't give up.  So then, while we have the chance, let's do good to everyone and particularly to the household of the faith.   If we have crucified the flesh and its works and have put on Jesus and are bearing the fruit of the Spirit, good works should naturally follow, but I think Paul has something more specific in mind here, because I can't see any reason he would be concerned that we'd lose our enthusiasm—literally he writes don't weary—of bearing the fruit of the Spirit.  What we are prone to losing our enthusiasm for is the sort of works that we do to build up the church or to carry the gospel and the kingdom to the community around us.  That can get very tiring sometimes—especially when you give and give or work and work and nothing seems to come of it or no one seems to appreciate it.  I think that's what Paul has in mind.  There was a culture of benefaction in the ancient world.  Wealthy people would often try to outdo each other in gifts and investments in their towns and cities.  They did it for selfish reasons.  They wanted to make names for themselves.  And I think given that context, Paul's idea here is that Christians need not only to be benefactors within their own churches and supporting their own ministries, but that Christians should also be known as benefactors in their own communities—not for their own sakes, but in order to make the name of Jesus known and as a natural outflowing of the grace of the gospel.  We witness God's generosity with us by being generous to others.  It's one of the ways we lift the veil on God's new creation.  The pagans will accuse Christians falsely in all sorts of ways.  Don't weasel out of it by trying to be Jews, exempt from pagan worship.  Instead, use your generosity to display the love and grace of mercy of the gospel. And that then brings Paul full circle, back to this issue of circumcision and torah.  In verse 11 he gives us a sense of just how passionately he feels about all of this.  Letters were normally dictated to a scribe, but here Paul takes the pen in his own hand and writes, Look at the large-size letters I'm writing to you in my own hand.  This is personal.  Papyrus was expensive and maybe he wanted to stress how important this all was by showing how willing he was to use more of it.  Maybe he wanted someone to be able to hold the page up and for the congregation to be able to read it for themselves at a distance.  Whatever the case, he comes back to the main issue and stresses how vital it is to their lives as a Christians and as a church.  He writes: It's the people who want to make a fine showing in the flesh who are trying to force you into getting circumcised—for this purpose only, that they may avoid persecution for the Messiah's cross.  You see, even the circumcised ones don't keep the law; rather, they want you to be circumcised, so that they may boast in your flesh.   The circumcision people are afraid.  As long as the church was just Jews everything was fine, but now these formerly pagan gentiles have heard the good news about Jesus and have believed and when they did, they stopped going to the temples, they stopped making offerings to the gods, they smashed their home altars and threw out their household gods, they've stopped offering that pinch of incense to Caesar that he demanded.  In doing that, these gentiles converts have angered their friends, families, neighbours, and the civic authorities and so they claimed the exemption that Caesar had granted to the Jews.  Except these gentile Jesus-believers, they weren't Jews.  They weren't circumcised, they weren't fussy about what they ate, they didn't even keep the Sabbath.  And so now the Jews were mad.  And they were afraid: What if the authorities revoke our special status and force us to worship pagan gods?  That's what all this talk about a show in the flesh and boasting is all about.  They wanted to avoid being persecuted for the sake of Jesus and the gospel by putting on a show—a sham of being Jewish.  But that sham meant denying the power of the cross.  That sham meant denying that in Jesus, God's new world has been born.  And so Paul goes on in verses 14 to 16: As for me, God forbid that I should boast—except in the cross of our Lord Jesus the Messiah, through whom the world has been crucified to me and I to the world.  Circumcision, you see, is nothing; neither is uncircumcision.  What matters is new creation.  Peace and mercy on everyone who lines up by that standard—yes, on God's Israel.   Brothers and Sisters, the cross should be our everything.  It was for Paul.  When the authorities came for these circumcision people, they were going to “boast”—meaning they were going to appeal to their circumcision, to being under the law.  But Paul's saying, when they come for me, God forbid that I should boast in anything other than the cross of our Lord Jesus the Messiah.  Think of Philippians 3, where Paul lists all the things he had a right to boast in.  If anyone had been faithful to the law, he had.  And yet there he swept it all aside as trash because of the Messiah, knowing him, gaining him, being found in him, knowing him and his power, and sharing in the companionship of his sufferings.  For Paul, to be persecuted for the sake of Jesus was confirmation of his union with and of his life in the Messiah.  Jesus had swept him off his feet and given him a new identity and called him into this cross-shaped life that was the fulfilment of Israel's hope and at the same time the overturning of all his earlier expectations and aspirations.  This is what Paul means when he says that he has been crucified to the world.  Everything about who he had been as a Jew, a Pharisee, none of it mattered anymore.  His old self was dead and buried—crucified with Jesus the Messiah who had fulfilled it all and then launched God's new world.  That new life, that new world, Jesus and the Spirit—that's all that mattered to Paul anymore.  The cross of Jesus fulfilled and changed everything.  And so he sums up everything he's written so far: Circumcision and uncircumcision are nothing—they don't matter—because Jesus has inaugurated God's new creation. Think of Paul's statement in 2 Corinthians 5:17, where he says that if anyone is in the Messiah…new creation!  New creation.  He just blurts it out.  If you're in Jesus the Messiah.  If you have trusted him and given him your allegiance.  New Creation!  God has begun to set us and to set his world to rights and that's what we need to line up with.  God's given us his Spirit to get us there.  Like a compass, the Spirit draws the line on the map and that line ends in our resurrection and the restoration of all things.  But, Brothers and Sisters, you've got to walk that line by the Spirit.  Don't stray left or right.  Don't let the flesh back.  Walk by the Spirit, because God's new creation is all that matters.  So peace and mercy, Paul says, to everyone who lines up by that standard—yes, he says, on God's Israel.  Again, he stresses, circumcision isn't the answer.  You can't go back to the old Israel of the torah.  The way forward, is in Jesus and the Spirit—those who are in the Messiah, who walk by the Spirit, they're God's Israel, they are now God's people. And then finally, verses 17 and 18: For the rest, let nobody make trouble for me.  You see, I carry the marks of Jesus on my body.  The grace of our Lord Jesus the Messiah be with your spirit, my brothers [and sisters].  Amen.   They wanted to mark out their flesh with circumcision.  Far more important for Paul were the marks of persecution that he bore on his body for the sake of the Lord Jesus.  He wrote earlier of each of us bearing our own loads.  This was his.  Eventually it may have been the load borne by some of those Christians in Galatia when persecution came.  Paul likens those marks to the branding of a slave.  Those cuts and bruises and broken bones marked him out as belonging to Jesus as assuredly as his baptism did.  He belonged to Jesus and he would serve Jesus to death and one day he would be raised to new life in God's new creation and there those marks will be badges of glory.  And so Paul closes: Grace to you.  The grace of our Lord Jesus the Messiah.  Because nothing else matters.  May the grace of our Lord Jesus be with your spirit—not your flesh he stresses even as he writes the last words, not your flesh, but with your spirit.  It's interesting the way Paul puts it: “your” is plural but “spirit” is singular as if to stress again the importance of the life of the Spirit as the cornerstone of these little communities of Jesus-followers.  If you are in Jesus the Messiah, walk by the Spirit.  Give no quarter to the flesh.  Don't be afraid of the Jews or the pagans.  Just be faithful to Jesus.  Walk the path the Spirit has set for you and he will not only lead you to God's new creation, but along the way he will make you a witness of that new creation to the world. Brothers and Sisters, that's it.  Cut through all the issues with torah and circumcision and the problems between Jews and gentiles that we see in Galatians, cut through all that and at the heart of it all is Paul's firm belief that the death and resurrection of Jesus the Messiah was the turning point in the history of the world—of the history of whole cosmos.  I was talking with the woman cutting my hair this week and she asked me, “It's been a long time.  When will they write a New New Testament?”  I said they won't.  Because there's no need.  Because Jesus, once and for all changed everything.  It won't happen again because it can't happen again.  It's done.  We're just waiting—and working towards—the fulfilment of what he started.  I don't think she really understood.  And I think a big reason for that—and a big reason why so many people out there (and sometimes even in the church!) don't understand is because we're often so bad at living as new creation people.  Our problems aren't the problems of the Galatians, but the results are often the same.  In our disunity we undermine the unity that Jesus established for his church, for his family.  Some Christians even use the Lord's Supper, which Jesus gave to bring us together, some use it as a means of emphasising our divisions and of excluding fellow Jesus-followers.  Instead of walking by the Spirit, we have our contemporary ways of using our freedom in Jesus as a base of operations for the flesh.  Like the Galatians we, too, often allow our fear to undermine our gospel witness.  Out of fear of opposition or in hopes of winning over the pagans of our own day, we water down and compromise the gospel or we weave into it the secular philosophies of our own day.  We end up proclaiming a message without any power because we've stripped it of the offense of the cross, of Jesus, of the life of the Spirit, of God's new creation.  This is epitomised by the website of a local church I was looking at recently.  They stripped out any references to A.D.—anno domini, the year of our Lord—replacing them with C.E., the “common era”—I guess, lest the world be offended by the announcement that Jesus is Lord and that he has changed history and the world. Brothers and Sisters, we need to take a lesson from Paul.  We need to keep Jesus at the centre of who we are.  Jesus defined everything for Paul.  Jesus called him in the first place.  Jesus' cross defined who Paul became and it shaped the good news he proclaimed.  Jesus was the fulfilment of everything that had come before and the one who had set his people free from sin and death.  Jesus is the Son whose being sent defines even what we mean by the word “God”.  And it's now Jesus' Spirit who has caused God's new creation to be born in us so that we can live as renewed human beings and so that we can live as the beachhead, the advance guard of that new creation as it breaks into the old.  Jesus' death and resurrection marked the end of the old world and the birth of the new.  Jesus is the one “who loved me and gave himself for me.”  And, Friends, if we are to be faithful, we will be a church with this Jesus at our centre—not just in our theology, but also in our teaching and preaching and in our shared life together.  We have been called by love.  May we be a church shaped by love and that does everything it can to live by love—the love shown to us by Jesus. Let's pray again our Collect: Almighty God, give us grace to cast away the works of darkness, and put on the armour of light, now in the time of this mortal life in which your Son Jesus Christ came to visit us in great humility; that in the last day, when he shall come again in his glorious majesty to judge both the living and the dead, we may rise to the life immortal; through him who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever.  Amen.

The ASLOK interviews continue with an interview with Alan Findlay of Broken Ground Design. Alan walks us through all of the amazing new products that are available. He gives us a super close up look. Thank you Alan.  Remember to volunteer to playtest the Chaco Wars scenarios for Steve Swann and Alan.  Box Art Review makes it's return featuring the art from Journal #14. We end with a brief look at a game that Bendis and Summers (they're famous) played at ASLOK. SHOWTIMES0:02 MASH Parody Song (lyrics by D. Donovan, Performed by The 2 Half-Squads Singers)3:34 Greetings 12:00 Interview with Alan Findlay 27:00 Contest Drawing29:00 New Contest Announced (Entrants due by December 13)31:50 Box Art Review40:45 Bendis and Summers Play at ASLOK45:05 Total Running Time                                                    M*A*S*H  KOREA SONGLyrics by Dennis Donovan, performed by The 2 Half-Squad SingersThe Forgotten War is here you seeA new venture for MMP It's Post World War 2, you see The Korean War in the ‘50s [REFRAIN]:In Forgotten War the scene is The UN, ROKs and MarinesVersus the KPA and the ChineseThe Chosin Few designers knowThey put into it heart and SeoulIf they screwed up module 15That they'd be in some deep kimchiThere are new rules pages Updated Chapter H is Included with 16 scenarios The 4 new maps have rough terrainWhich Chapter W explains There's 7 brand-new counter sheetsThe jet aircraft are pretty neatForgotten War will cost usAbout one hundred dollahsAnd I will take three copies if you pleaseI brave man once asked PerryTo tell us “When will it ship, please?”Is it to be or not to beWhy oh why ask me?Did you see the new box?Papyrus font really ROKsand you can figure the rules out with some ease. Download this episode (right click and save)

Catherine Joy White is an award-winning author, actor, filmmaker, gender advisor and CEO of Kusini Productions, a multi-award winning company established to champion the voices of Black women. She has been honoured as a member of the Forbes 30 Under 30 Class of 2022, longlisted for AllBright's ‘Innovative Trailblazer Award' and heralded as one of 'Five Activists To Watch' by the Trouble Club (previous speakers including Gloria Steneim and Margaret Atwood). She can be seen in Amazon Prime's Ten Percent, Channel 4's Threesome and Netflix's Dracula. She recently joined the Royal Shakespeare Company on Gregory Doran's swansong production of Cymbeline.Her debut film, Fifty-Four Days, which she wrote, directed, produced and starred in alongside iconic British actress Celia Imrie CBE was selected for over fifty film festivals worldwide, garnering nominations and awards at BAFTA, Oscar and BIFA qualifying festivals as well as the African Academy Awards. It is currently available to watch on all American Airlines flights.Her debut book This Thread of Gold, named by the New Statesman as an essential book for 2023, as the i's non-fiction book of the month and "extraordinary" by bestseller Afua Hirsch, was published in the UK in June 2023 by Dialogue Books and in the US in 2024 from Penguin Random House. She was selected by Meta for their illustrious Author Programme. She recently announced that she has adapted the final chapter of This Thread of Gold for screen and will direct it as a short film starring Gugu Mbatha-Raw. She is a proud ambassador for PAPYRUS, the UK's national charity for the prevention of young suicide and a proud mentor on The Page One Project.

What does having true freedom mean in today's world? How can overcoming life's hardships and injustices shape your destiny? Property trader, author, speaker and tech entrepreneur Paul Ribbons shares his incredible journey – from losing his mother at the age of three and enduring a troubled childhood to building a successful career in property. Paul reflects on the invaluable lessons he's learned about mental health advocacy and the importance of speaking out. After the death of his daughter, Paul is now rebuilding his life, focusing on hope, resilience and freedom. Through his own pain, he's found purpose in helping others navigate life's darkest moments. His story is one of deep understanding, strength and fortitude.   CONTENT AND TRIGGER WARNING In this podcast conversation Paul talks about suicide. If you would like to avoid this section of the episode, stop listening at 30:14 and restart from 45:54.   LINKS TO AVAILABLE SUPPORT Samaritans - https://www.samaritans.org/ Mind - https://www.mind.org.uk/ Papyrus - https://www.papyrus-uk.org/   KEY TAKEAWAY ‘I think it's that little lad that was fortunate enough to have the strength and fortitude to say, “no, no, no, it's not going to affect me and destroy my life.'   BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS* Hustle Your Way to Property Success by Paul Ribbons - https://amzn.eu/d/9YqmJ9e The Seven Habits of Highly Successful People by Stephen R. Covey - https://amzn.eu/d/7rmSGdv Factfulness by Hans Rosling, Ola Rosling, Anna Rosling Rönnlund - https://amzn.eu/d/cl6g2QB   ABOUT PAUL Paul Ribbons has over 37 years of experience in the property market, specialising in flipping properties through auctions without renovations. He has completed over 800 Below Market Value (BMV) deals, earning a reputation as a market leader. As the author of Hustle Your Way to Property Success, Paul shares practical strategies and insights for property success. He also leverages his knowledge of psychology and NLP to help clients overcome challenges. Currently, Paul is working on a tech startup aimed at revolutionising the property-selling process.    CONNECT WITH PAUL https://www.facebook.com/paulmribbons https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-ribbons-31019229/ https://www.instagram.com/_paulribbons/ https://x.com/paulribbons https://paulribbons.com   ABOUT AMY Amy is a Life Purpose Coach, Podcast Strategist, Global Podcaster, Speaker and Mastermind Host. Helping you to improve productivity, engagement and fulfilment in your everyday life and work. Prepare to banish overwhelm, underwhelm and frustration to live with clarity of purpose.   BUY AMY'S BOOK* Focus on Why by Amy Rowlinson – https://amzn.eu/d/6W02HWu   WORK WITH AMY If you're interested in how purpose can help you and your business, please book a free 30 min call via https://calendly.com/amyrowlinson/call   KEEP IN TOUCH WITH AMY Sign up for the weekly Friday Focus - https://www.amyrowlinson.com/subscribe-to-weekly-newsletter   CONNECT WITH AMY https://linktr.ee/AmyRowlinson   HOSTED BY: Amy Rowlinson   DISCLAIMER The views, thoughts and opinions expressed in this podcast belong solely to the host and guest speakers. Please conduct your own due diligence. *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.

PAPYRUS charity: https://www.justgiving.com/page/poppywalk (please donate here) TikTok and IG characters, cultural appropriation, and of course, The Titan submersible... Dilemma: What's the etiquette lads Something Only You Know: Dad, it's Daniel Please send us your suggestions for an episode's main subject! Our next topic... Mental Health. This has prob been our most requested topic and I've wanted to do it, but I wasn't in the best place when we started this pod - so let's rip the plaster off. How do you combat your MH, how do you regulate your moods? What have you found that helps? Any lotions, potions or remedies? All your stories Send us your stories or something you want to share on the topic - email: ladsanonpod@gmail.com If you have any Dilemmas that you want advice on, step into the circle of trust: mailto:Ladsanonpod@gmail.com Is there 'Something Only You Know' - we want to know your story, let's hear them: mailto:Ladsanonpod@gmail.com (all submissions will remain anonymous - no face, no case). Follow Lads Anonymous: Instagram: https://bit.ly/47DEwic TikTok: https://bit.ly/3S0w8DB Twitter: https://bit.ly/4b232fI Facebook: https://bit.ly/3uNYN7n Threads: https://bit.ly/43vQNoD If you enjoyed this episode, please follow us on Apple Podcasts or Spotify, and leave a review or rating. Love Ricky and Flav x Lads Anonymous intro track and jingles by Alexander Canwell (Engineer Al): https://spoti.fi/3w5fnQB Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

PAPYRUS charity: https://www.justgiving.com/page/poppywalk (please donate here) Drill music, Joshua v Dubois, more tales from the A, and of course, Bed Springers… Dilemma: Sexting never hurt anyone Something Only You Know: Royal Marine HARD core. Please send us your suggestions for an episode's main subject! Our next topic... The Titan! Do you have a connection, story or have an idea what actually happened to the Titan? Any conspiracy stories? Have you done anything mad like that, super adventurous and scary? Send us your stories or something you want to share on the topic - email: ladsanonpod@gmail.com If you have any Dilemmas that you want advice on, step into the circle of trust: mailto:Ladsanonpod@gmail.com Is there 'Something Only You Know' - we want to know your story, let's hear them: mailto:Ladsanonpod@gmail.com (all submissions will remain anonymous - no face, no case). Follow Lads Anonymous: Instagram: https://bit.ly/47DEwic TikTok: https://bit.ly/3S0w8DB Twitter: https://bit.ly/4b232fI Facebook: https://bit.ly/3uNYN7n Threads: https://bit.ly/43vQNoD If you enjoyed this episode, please follow us on Apple Podcasts or Spotify, and leave a review or rating. Love Ricky and Flav x Lads Anonymous intro track and jingles by Alexander Canwell (Engineer Al): https://spoti.fi/3w5fnQB Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

"Insel der Jahrtausende" lautet der Untertitel einer Berliner Ausstellung über die Nilinsel Elephantine. Dort finden sich Spuren zahlreicher Kulturen, die Kuratorin Verena Lepper mit modernster Technik und umfassenden Sprachkenntnissen erforscht. Timm, Ulrike www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de, Im Gespräch

Send us some fan mail!In this episode, Ashley is not enjoying the Klingons. (Could it be because she hasn't met WORF?) Also, does not enjoying the Klingons mean you aren't enjoying Star Trek? M. Foss continues her Saru Apology Tour, and wonders when—or if—Ashley will come to appreciate him. He might win her over if he promises to never run on camera again. Here's the SNL sketch about the Papyrus font in Avatar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVhlJNJopOQ&t=3sAnd here's an article about it: https://designforhackers.com/blog/papyrus-font/Have you ever seen John Carpenter's The Thing? If not, M. Foss recommends watching the whole film (if you're into the scary stuff). If you don't have time to watch the whole film, you can get the point by watching this iconic scene: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2o2FRwn_hgAnd finally, here's the TikTok about how the Star Wars films are incorrectly named: https://www.tiktok.com/@fake.disney.facts/video/6855402195291032837?embed_source=121374463%2C121451205%2C121439635%2C121433650%2C121404359%2C121351166%2C121331973%2C120811592%2C120810756%3Bnull%3Bembed_masking&refer=embed&referer_url=movieweb.com%2Fstar-wars-movies-wrong-titles%2F&referer_video_id=6855402195291032837Enjoy!

Le nom de Jean-François Champollion résonne à nos oreilles dès que l'on évoque la civilisation égyptienne et son écriture si belle et si mystérieuse, et plus encore en cette année, où nous célébrons le bicentenaire du déchiffrement des hiéroglyphes. C'était l'occasion de lui rendre hommage et de retracer son long combat, ses réussites, ses échecs, ses doutes et ses désespoirs, jusqu'à la résolution finale. Nous avons également mis en avant sa démarche novatrice dans son souci de pédagogie dans la transmission de son savoir. Cette histoire est maintenant connue de tous depuis le XIXe siècle. Toutefois, notre émission met en lumière tous ceux qui, bien avant Jean-François Champollion, s'étaient attelés à relever ce défi, et qui, par leurs recherches, ont fourni les premières clefs au héros de Figeac pour ouvrir toutes les portes de l'histoire égyptienne. En cette année égyptienne, un fait nouveau est mis en avant en ce qui concerne la résolution du mystère des hiéroglyphes égyptiens : le rôle insoupçonné et pourtant capital joué par Jacques-Joseph Champollion-Figeac. En effet, c'est lui qui, par son soutien indéfectible, sa passion de l'Histoire et des civilisations anciennes et son énergie remarquable, a permis à son frère cadet de progresser sur la route semée d'embûches du déchiffrement de ces signes mystérieux. En réalité, le long cheminement vers le déchiffrement des hiéroglyphes s'est fait à deux. Ce sont bien deux Champollion qui ont donné naissance à ce que l'on appelle de nos jours l'égyptologie, un lien fusionnel qui unissait les deux frères, sans lequel rien n'aurait été possible.

Le nom de Jean-François Champollion résonne à nos oreilles dès que l'on évoque la civilisation égyptienne et son écriture si belle et si mystérieuse, et plus encore en cette année, où nous célébrons le bicentenaire du déchiffrement des hiéroglyphes. C'était l'occasion de lui rendre hommage et de retracer son long combat, ses réussites, ses échecs, ses doutes et ses désespoirs, jusqu'à la résolution finale. Nous avons également mis en avant sa démarche novatrice dans son souci de pédagogie dans la transmission de son savoir. Cette histoire est maintenant connue de tous depuis le XIXe siècle. Toutefois, notre émission met en lumière tous ceux qui, bien avant Jean-François Champollion, s'étaient attelés à relever ce défi, et qui, par leurs recherches, ont fourni les premières clefs au héros de Figeac pour ouvrir toutes les portes de l'histoire égyptienne. En cette année égyptienne, un fait nouveau est mis en avant en ce qui concerne la résolution du mystère des hiéroglyphes égyptiens : le rôle insoupçonné et pourtant capital joué par Jacques-Joseph Champollion-Figeac. En effet, c'est lui qui, par son soutien indéfectible, sa passion de l'Histoire et des civilisations anciennes et son énergie remarquable, a permis à son frère cadet de progresser sur la route semée d'embûches du déchiffrement de ces signes mystérieux. En réalité, le long cheminement vers le déchiffrement des hiéroglyphes s'est fait à deux. Ce sont bien deux Champollion qui ont donné naissance à ce que l'on appelle de nos jours l'égyptologie, un lien fusionnel qui unissait les deux frères, sans lequel rien n'aurait été possible.

Pour écouter l'émission en entier, sans pub, abonnez-vous ! https://m.audiomeans.fr/s/S-tavkjvmo Le nom de Jean-François Champollion résonne à nos oreilles dès que l'on évoque la civilisation égyptienne et son écriture si belle et si mystérieuse, et plus encore en cette année, où nous célébrons le bicentenaire du déchiffrement des hiéroglyphes. C'était l'occasion de lui rendre hommage et de retracer son long combat, ses réussites, ses échecs, ses doutes et ses désespoirs, jusqu'à la résolution finale. Nous avons également mis en avant sa démarche novatrice dans son souci de pédagogie dans la transmission de son savoir. Cette histoire est maintenant connue de tous depuis le XIXe siècle. Toutefois, notre émission met en lumière tous ceux qui, bien avant Jean-François Champollion, s'étaient attelés à relever ce défi, et qui, par leurs recherches, ont fourni les premières clefs au héros de Figeac pour ouvrir toutes les portes de l'histoire égyptienne. En cette année égyptienne, un fait nouveau est mis en avant en ce qui concerne la résolution du mystère des hiéroglyphes égyptiens : le rôle insoupçonné et pourtant capital joué par Jacques-Joseph Champollion-Figeac. En effet, c'est lui qui, par son soutien indéfectible, sa passion de l'Histoire et des civilisations anciennes et son énergie remarquable, a permis à son frère cadet de progresser sur la route semée d'embûches du déchiffrement de ces signes mystérieux. En réalité, le long cheminement vers le déchiffrement des hiéroglyphes s'est fait à deux. Ce sont bien deux Champollion qui ont donné naissance à ce que l'on appelle de nos jours l'égyptologie, un lien fusionnel qui unissait les deux frères, sans lequel rien n'aurait été possible.

Pour écouter l'émission en entier, sans pub, abonnez-vous ! https://m.audiomeans.fr/s/P-sQPxEglZ Le nom de Jean-François Champollion résonne à nos oreilles dès que l'on évoque la civilisation égyptienne et son écriture si belle et si mystérieuse, et plus encore en cette année, où nous célébrons le bicentenaire du déchiffrement des hiéroglyphes. C'était l'occasion de lui rendre hommage et de retracer son long combat, ses réussites, ses échecs, ses doutes et ses désespoirs, jusqu'à la résolution finale. Nous avons également mis en avant sa démarche novatrice dans son souci de pédagogie dans la transmission de son savoir. Cette histoire est maintenant connue de tous depuis le XIXe siècle. Toutefois, notre émission met en lumière tous ceux qui, bien avant Jean-François Champollion, s'étaient attelés à relever ce défi, et qui, par leurs recherches, ont fourni les premières clefs au héros de Figeac pour ouvrir toutes les portes de l'histoire égyptienne. En cette année égyptienne, un fait nouveau est mis en avant en ce qui concerne la résolution du mystère des hiéroglyphes égyptiens : le rôle insoupçonné et pourtant capital joué par Jacques-Joseph Champollion-Figeac. En effet, c'est lui qui, par son soutien indéfectible, sa passion de l'Histoire et des civilisations anciennes et son énergie remarquable, a permis à son frère cadet de progresser sur la route semée d'embûches du déchiffrement de ces signes mystérieux. En réalité, le long cheminement vers le déchiffrement des hiéroglyphes s'est fait à deux. Ce sont bien deux Champollion qui ont donné naissance à ce que l'on appelle de nos jours l'égyptologie, un lien fusionnel qui unissait les deux frères, sans lequel rien n'aurait été possible.

Pour écouter l'émission en entier, sans pub, abonnez-vous ! https://m.audiomeans.fr/s/P-sQPxEglZ Le nom de Jean-François Champollion résonne à nos oreilles dès que l'on évoque la civilisation égyptienne et son écriture si belle et si mystérieuse, et plus encore en cette année, où nous célébrons le bicentenaire du déchiffrement des hiéroglyphes. C'était l'occasion de lui rendre hommage et de retracer son long combat, ses réussites, ses échecs, ses doutes et ses désespoirs, jusqu'à la résolution finale. Nous avons également mis en avant sa démarche novatrice dans son souci de pédagogie dans la transmission de son savoir. Cette histoire est maintenant connue de tous depuis le XIXe siècle. Toutefois, notre émission met en lumière tous ceux qui, bien avant Jean-François Champollion, s'étaient attelés à relever ce défi, et qui, par leurs recherches, ont fourni les premières clefs au héros de Figeac pour ouvrir toutes les portes de l'histoire égyptienne. En cette année égyptienne, un fait nouveau est mis en avant en ce qui concerne la résolution du mystère des hiéroglyphes égyptiens : le rôle insoupçonné et pourtant capital joué par Jacques-Joseph Champollion-Figeac. En effet, c'est lui qui, par son soutien indéfectible, sa passion de l'Histoire et des civilisations anciennes et son énergie remarquable, a permis à son frère cadet de progresser sur la route semée d'embûches du déchiffrement de ces signes mystérieux. En réalité, le long cheminement vers le déchiffrement des hiéroglyphes s'est fait à deux. Ce sont bien deux Champollion qui ont donné naissance à ce que l'on appelle de nos jours l'égyptologie, un lien fusionnel qui unissait les deux frères, sans lequel rien n'aurait été possible.

Le nom de Jean-François Champollion résonne à nos oreilles dès que l'on évoque la civilisation égyptienne et son écriture si belle et si mystérieuse, et plus encore en cette année, où nous célébrons le bicentenaire du déchiffrement des hiéroglyphes. C'était l'occasion de lui rendre hommage et de retracer son long combat, ses réussites, ses échecs, ses doutes et ses désespoirs, jusqu'à la résolution finale. Nous avons également mis en avant sa démarche novatrice dans son souci de pédagogie dans la transmission de son savoir. Cette histoire est maintenant connue de tous depuis le XIXe siècle. Toutefois, notre émission met en lumière tous ceux qui, bien avant Jean-François Champollion, s'étaient attelés à relever ce défi, et qui, par leurs recherches, ont fourni les premières clefs au héros de Figeac pour ouvrir toutes les portes de l'histoire égyptienne. En cette année égyptienne, un fait nouveau est mis en avant en ce qui concerne la résolution du mystère des hiéroglyphes égyptiens : le rôle insoupçonné et pourtant capital joué par Jacques-Joseph Champollion-Figeac. En effet, c'est lui qui, par son soutien indéfectible, sa passion de l'Histoire et des civilisations anciennes et son énergie remarquable, a permis à son frère cadet de progresser sur la route semée d'embûches du déchiffrement de ces signes mystérieux. En réalité, le long cheminement vers le déchiffrement des hiéroglyphes s'est fait à deux. Ce sont bien deux Champollion qui ont donné naissance à ce que l'on appelle de nos jours l'égyptologie, un lien fusionnel qui unissait les deux frères, sans lequel rien n'aurait été possible.

How old is too old for a font‽ There's a lot of discussion around the age of a font in this episode, as we tour recent modern medieval designs that don't look the way you think they do, question the value of fonts released decades ago, and wonder why we continue to put up with Papyrus. Josh is all about calligraphy, and Kyle has found that gravestone under a depressing tree glyph you were always looking for. Once the judges scores were tallied up, though, it's clear: Josh put on a podcasting masterclass...Remember: Respect your elders and freshness counts!Links to everything that we discussed in this episode:The calligraphic tour:Pahin from Blaze TypeTradition from Bold DecisionsSharp Roman from Sharp TypeElizabeth Goodspeed's Heralding the ancient and otherworldly charm of Future Medieval graphics on It's Nice That Recent medieval releases:Mancine from Herzberg Design Co. Clavichord from DJR's Font of the Month clubNarwa designed by Lewis McGuffie and released on Future FontsGil Modern from CAST FoundryFulgora from SudtiposEmeritus from Blaze TypeNeue Heitz from Pretend FoundryProof of WordsCovenantGarnierAlaraLimerickThe Bottle Dance from Fiddler on the RoofSupport the Interrogang for as little as $3 a month and help us expand what Proof&Co. and the Interrogang have to offer! These episodes are all thanks to your support!Support the Show.

durée : 00:11:45 - La Question du jour - par : Julie Gacon - Deux universitaires du Colorado ont annoncé le 1er août qu'ils s'apprêtent à publier les résultats de plusieurs mois d'investigation sur des fragments d'Euripide. Qu'est-ce que cette découverte pourrait bouleverser de notre compréhension des classiques ? - invités : Caroline Fourgeaud-Laville Spécialiste de la Grèce antique, helléniste et docteur ès-lettres, a fondé en 2018 l'Association Eurêka promouvant l'enseignement du grec ancien.

Despite everything, it's still Retro Encounter.Over six years ago, we got together to chat about the instant indie class, Undertale. But, Undertale's staying power is so strong that we decided to get together and chat about it again, this time with an all new panel. Is Papyrus still delightful every time he comes on screen? Did any of us have the heart to do a Genocide run? Hot dog? Listen in to find out!Featuring: Zach Wilkerson, Alana Hagues, Aleks Franiczek; Edited by Zach WilkersonOpening and ending music by Miles MorkriGet in Touch:RPGFan.comRPGFan ShopEmail us: retro@rpgfan.comTwitter: @rpgfancomInstagram: @rpgfancomThreads: @rpgfancomFacebook: rpgfancomTwitch: rpgfancomUndertale on RPGFan

In this episode, Victor Davis Hanson and cohost Jack Fowler discuss James Carville's critique of Democratic culture, the feminization of the left, the origins and meaning of American Exceptionalism, teaching the Gospel in ancient Greek, and the Herculaneum papyrus scrolls.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

In this episode, Martha Tatarnic continues her conversation with Elizabeth Schrader Polczer for the second part of a groundbreaking conversation on biblical scholarship. Continuing from last week, Elizabeth delves deeper into her research on the Gospel of John, Papyrus 66, and the evolving understanding of Mary Magdalene's role in early Christianity. She explores the textual instabilities around the names Mary and Martha, revealing how these edits might have been attempts to downplay Mary's significance as a central figure in the Christian narrative. Elizabeth discusses the viral reaction to her work, sparked by Diana Butler Bass's sermon at the Wild Goose Festival, and the challenges of navigating public and scholarly reactions to her theories. She also addresses how her findings resonate with John scholars and the broader implications for understanding women's roles in the church. This is the second of a two-part episode, so go back and listen to the first half, which can be found in the show notes below. Elizabeth Schrader Polczer is Assistant Professor of New Testament at Villanova University. She holds a doctorate in Early Christianity from Duke University, with a focus on textual criticism, Mary Magdalene, and the Gospel of John. Her research has been published in the Harvard Theological Review, the Journal of Biblical Literature, TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism, the Comparative Oriental Manuscript Studies Bulletin, and the Journal of Early Christian Studies. She is regularly invited to present her peer-reviewed research at churches and conferences internationally. On Twitter/X: @libbieschrader   Part One https://www.podbean.com/eas/pb-ushmm-16554d0   YouTube of Diana Butler Bass sermon  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSH-nfdh_S0&t=5s   Elizabeth's Album: https://music.apple.com/us/artist/libbie-schrader/16720802     Presenting Sponsor: Phillips Seminary Join conversations that expose you to new ideas, deepen your commitment and give insights to how we can minister in a changing world.    Supporting Sponsors: Torn Curtain Arts is a non-profit ministry that works with worship leaders, creatives, and churches to help avoid burnout, love their work, and realize their full creative potential.   Theology Beer Camp https://homebrewedchristianity.lpages.co/theology-beer-camp-24/   Future Christian Team: Loren Richmond Jr. – Host & Executive Producer Martha Tatarnic – Guest Host / Co-Host Paul Romig–Leavitt – Associate Producer Danny Burton - Producer Dennis Sanders – Producer

Endless Thread presents an episode from the podcast Outside/In. While digging a well in 1750, a group of workers accidentally discovered an ancient Roman villa containing over a thousand papyrus scrolls. This was a stunning discovery: the only library from antiquity ever found in situ. But the scrolls were blackened and fragile, turned almost to ash by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. Over the centuries, scholars' many attempts to unroll the fragile scrolls have mostly been catastrophic. But now, scientists are trying again, this time with the help of Silicon Valley and some of the most advanced technology we've got: particle accelerators, CT scanners, and AI. After two thousand years, will we finally be able to read the scrolls? ***** Reported, produced, and mixed by Justine Paradis Outside/In host: Nate Hegyi Edited by Taylor Quimby Our team also includes Felix Poon NHPR's Director of Podcasts is Rebecca Lavoie Music in this episode came from Silver Maple, Xavy Rusan, bomull, Young Community, Bio Unit, Konrad OldMoney, Chris Zabriski, and Blue Dot Sessions. Volcano recordings came from daveincamas on Freesound.org, License Attribution 4.0 and  felix.blume on freesound.org, Creative Commons 0. Outside/In is a production of New Hampshire Public Radio.

In this episode, Martha Tatarnic welcomes Elizabeth Schrader Polczer to talk about her groundbreaking work in biblical scholarship, particularly in how we see and understand Mary Magdalene and the Gospel of John.  Elizabeth discusses the textual instabilities around the names Mary and Martha in John 11, visible in Papyrus 66, revealing intriguing insights and controversial edits that challenge traditional interpretations. She shares her discovery of editorial changes that suggest Martha may have been added to the Gospel of John in the second century. This revelation has significant implications for how we understand the role of Mary Magdalene in early Christianity. This is the first of a two-part episode, so be sure to stay tuned next week for the second half. Elizabeth Schrader Polczer is Assistant Professor of New Testament at Villanova University. She holds a doctorate in Early Christianity from Duke University, with a focus on textual criticism, Mary Magdalene, and the Gospel of John. Her research has been published in the Harvard Theological Review, the Journal of Biblical Literature, TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism, the Comparative Oriental Manuscript Studies Bulletin, and the Journal of Early Christian Studies. She is regularly invited to present her peer-reviewed research at churches and conferences internationally. On Twitter/X: @libbieschrader YouTube of Diana Butler Bass sermon  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSH-nfdh_S0&t=5s     Presenting Sponsor: Phillips Seminary Join conversations that expose you to new ideas, deepen your commitment and give insights to how we can minister in a changing world.    Supporting Sponsors: Torn Curtain Arts is a non-profit ministry that works with worship leaders, creatives, and churches to help avoid burnout, love their work, and realize their full creative potential.   Theology Beer Camp https://homebrewedchristianity.lpages.co/theology-beer-camp-24/   Future Christian Team: Loren Richmond Jr. – Host & Executive Producer Martha Tatarnic – Guest Host / Co-Host Paul Romig–Leavitt – Associate Producer Danny Burton - Producer Dennis Sanders – Producer

Hour 3: Chris Egert was in for Jason. He talks baseball with Dan Hayes from The Athletic. Then what do dads NOT want for Father's Day? And does a new papyrus fragment tell us anything new about Jesus?

Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door, The Rogue Prince of Persia, The Pyro-Plex, Iratus: Lord of the Dead, Discovery Tour by Assassin's Creed: Ancient Egypt, Doors: Paradox, more Egypt games and a special guest who tells us about The Mummy! Plus gaming news! For weekly bonus shows and the entire back catalog of VGO, support us for only 1.99 a month and download or listen on the web at ilovevgo.com or on the free VGO mobile apps for iOS/Android! Sub and support on VideoGameOutsiders.com right now! We also have a Patreon.com/videogameoutsiders to be listed as a supporter, sponsor an episode, or more! 

Episode 308 - Steve Bamford @Bamfordgolf, Paul Williams @GolfBetting and Barry O'Hanrahan @AGoodTalkGolf discuss their selections for this week's RBC Canadian Open + European Open.  Read our new best us open bookmaker guide. Listeners should visit Golf Betting System for the best golf betting tips this week coverage. Papyrus - For Confidential Suicide Prevention Advice: Papyrus Intro: 00:30; Robert from Glasgow Listener Review: 01:35; Papyrus: 03:25; Runner-Up Finishes Everywhere: 05:42; 2024 European Open Tips Start: 14:44; RBC Canadian Open 2024 Tips Start: 36:09. Steve's RBC Canadian Open Betting Preview: rbc canadian open betting tips Paul's European Open Betting Preview: european open betting tips european open strokes gained rankings We have a new set of Golf Betting System bookmaker guides, highlighting current 2024 sports accounts. boylesports promo code betfred promo code  ladbrokes bonus code uk ladbrokes new customer offer coral bonus code uk coral new customer offer bet365 new customer promo bet365 bonus code william hill promo code william hill sign up offer All offers are for new customers, 18+ Check out our new us open golf free bets page Steve Bamford provides pga betting tips across the whole of 2024 Let us talk you through the bet365 each way extra + golf each way places X: Steve Bamford @Bamfordgolf; Barry O'Hanrahan @AGoodTalkGolf; Paul Williams @GolfBetting This podcast is for listeners of 18 and above. Please be Gambleaware, you can visit GambleAware.org for more information and of course please bet responsibly.

While digging a well in 1750, a group of workers accidentally discovered an ancient Roman villa containing over a thousand papyrus scrolls. This was a stunning discovery: the only library from antiquity ever found in situ. But the scrolls were blackened and fragile, turned almost to ash by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.Over the centuries, scholars' many attempts to unroll the fragile scrolls have mostly been catastrophic. But now, scientists are trying again, this time with the help of Silicon Valley and some of the most advanced technology we've got: particle accelerators, CT scanners, and AI.After two thousand years, will we finally be able to read the scrolls?Featuring Federica Nicolardi, Brent Seales, Youssef Nader, Arefeh Sherafati, and Julian Schilliger.  SUPPORTDonate $10 per month and get our new “I axolotl questions” mug!Follow Outside/In on Instagram or Twitter, or join our private discussion group on Facebook. LINKSThe Vesuvius Challenge is not over. Find out more here. Check out more pictures of the scrolls and the process of “virtual unwrapping” at the Digital Restoration Initiative website, or watch Brent Seales lecture about his technique.A 60 Minutes story (2018) focusing on the conflict between Seales and scholars Vito Mocella and Graziano Ranocchia.A replica of the marble floor discovered by Italian farmworkers in 1750. A video illustrating the process of “virtual unwrapping” with a jelly roll.Contestant Casey Handmer's blog post detailing his identification of the “crackle signal” to the ink. CREDITSOutside/In host: Nate HegyiReported, produced, and mixed by Justine Paradis Edited by Taylor QuimbyOur team also includes Felix Poon. NHPR's Director of Podcasts is Rebecca LavoieMusic in this episode came from Silver Maple, Xavy Rusan, bomull, Young Community, Bio Unit, Konrad OldMoney, Chris Zabriski, and Blue Dot Sessions.Volcano recordings came from daveincamas on Freesound.org, License Attribution 4.0 and  felix.blume on freesound.org, Creative Commons 0.Outside/In is a production of New Hampshire Public Radio.

EP319 - Amazon Q1 2024 Recap http://jasonandscot.com Join your hosts Jason "Retailgeek" Goldberg, Chief Commerce Strategy Officer at Publicis, and Scot Wingo, CEO of GetSpiffy and Co-Founder of ChannelAdvisor as they discuss the latest news and trends in the world of e-commerce and digital shopper marketing. Episode Summary: In this episode, Jason "Retailgeek" Goldberg and Scot Wingo dive deep into Amazon's first quarter results for 2024, analyzing the company's performance in various segments such as retail, offline and online sales, marketplace, AWS, and advertising. They also explore the impact of AI on Amazon's business and provide insights into the company's future guidance for Q2 2024. Amazon Q1 2024 Earnings Release Amazon Q1 2024 Earnings Call Transcript In our latest episode, Jason and Scott cover a range of topics, starting with their reflections on recent events such as May the 4th and Cinco de Mayo. Jason shares intriguing stories from his extensive travels and interactions with listeners worldwide. Scott delves into the intersection of e-commerce and the auto industry, honing in on Carvana. The duo also delves into the U.S. Department of Commerce retail indicators data, shedding light on trends in retail sales and e-commerce growth. The conversation pivots towards Amazon's recent earnings report, contextualizing it within the realm of AI investments by tech giants like Meta and Alphabet, offering valuable industry insights and analysis. The discussion continues with a focus on Amazon's earnings report, zooming in on concerns around AWS amid heightened competition from Alphabet and Azure. The rising trend of AI investments, particularly in data training applications, is explored, alongside the growing popularity of open source AI models due to cost and privacy considerations. Despite a conservative Q2 guidance, Amazon impresses with robust revenue that surpasses Wall Street expectations, particularly in operating income. The retail segment shows exceptional growth, exceeding operating income estimates for both domestic and international divisions. Notably, Amazon's performance in brick-and-mortar stores, spearheaded by Whole Foods, demonstrates resilience with a 6.3% growth rate. AWS stands out with a 17% growth, dispelling market share concerns and showcasing accelerated revenue growth, illustrating Amazon's continuous growth potential and innovation prowess. Scott delves deeper into Amazon's positive quarterly earnings report, emphasizing the remarkable revenue performance, especially in operating income. Insights are shared on Amazon's successful agnostic approach to LLM models and the potential advancements in generative AI. The conversation shifts towards the burgeoning ads business at Amazon, underlining its profitability and future growth prospects. Scot also outlines Amazon's Q2 guidance and the potential impacts of consumer spending patterns on the retail sector, including concerns about changing consumer behaviors and economic pressures shaping market dynamics. Jason complements the discussion with additional perspectives on consumer behavior and economic influences reshaping the market landscape. Furthermore, we embark on a detailed exploration of supply chain logistics, with a spotlight on Amazon's expansion into third-party logistics services, revolutionizing traditional retail strategies by sharing proprietary capabilities for wider adoption. Insights from Andy Jassy shed light on Amazon's logistics business approach. The conversation expands to include how companies like Spiffy are embracing a similar model of sharing proprietary products to drive innovation and revenue growth, showcasing an evolving landscape of retail innovation. The podcast unpacks the complex world of grocery retail, highlighting Amazon's experimental forays like Just Walk Out technology and the Amazon Dash cart, while examining the challenges in delineating Amazon's grocery sector strategy. A comparison is drawn between Amazon's strategies and those of rivals like Walmart and Target, who are adapting their product offerings to match evolving consumer preferences, offering a comprehensive view of the dynamic retail and supply chain management sphere. Dive into our engaging discussion, explore retail dynamics, and keep a lookout for more insightful content. Don't forget to like our facebook page, and if you enjoyed this episode please write us a review on itunes. Episode 319 of the Jason & Scot show was recorded on Sunday, May 5th, 2024. Chapters 0:23 The Jason and Scott Show Begins 2:56 World Travel Adventures 5:53 Commerce Tools Elevate Show 6:53 Jason's World Tour Plans 7:22 Where in the World is Retail Geek? 20:43 Amazon's First Quarter Earnings 23:23 Sandbagging Strategy 26:45 Amazon's Dominance in E-commerce 27:44 Online Segment Growth Analysis 28:53 Offline Store Segment Analysis 31:35 Spotlight on AWS Performance 34:32 Data at AWS 42:02 Gen AI Revenue Growth 46:24 Consumer Pressure 49:56 Supply Chain Evolution 53:46 Leveraging Technology 58:08 Disruption in E-commerce 1:01:54 Amazon's Grocery Strategy 1:05:01 Retail Industry News Transcript Jason: [0:23] Welcome to the Jason and Scott Show. This is episode 319 being recorded on Sunday, May 5th, 2024. I'm your host, Jason Retail Guy Goldberg, and as usual, I'm here with your co-host, Scott Wingo. Scot: [0:37] Hey, Jason, and welcome back, Jason and Scott Show listeners. It's been a while, but first, happy Cinco de Mayo, and also a belated May the 4th, Jason. Did you have a good Star Wars day? Jason: [0:49] I did. I did. I feel like Star Wars Day always makes me think of the podcast because I feel like we have spent many of them in my latter life together. Scot: [1:01] Yeah, absolutely. Any exciting new Star Wars experiences or merch? Jason: [1:08] No, I understand you got some vintage merch. merch. Scot: [1:13] It's not, but they, back when I was a kid, you would go and if you went every week to, I think it was Burger King, you would for the, I think it was Empire. I have the Empire right here. So definitely Empire, but you would get a glass. Now it turns out these were full of lead paint, which would kill you, but that was the downside. Jason: [1:32] Not recommended for drinking. Scot: [1:33] You got a very, yes, I never, being a collector, I never drank out of them. So that's good. Jason: [1:37] Saved your life right there. Scot: [1:38] Yes, but I did drink out of the Tweety Bird. So that me, me. I'm sure I got some yellow lead paint from a twitty bird glass. Anyway, so they came out with a Mandalorian kind of homage to those glasses and they were at the Hallmark store of all places, not where I usually hang out, but I got to go to a Hallmark store and the little ladies that worked there were, I wish them all an awesome May the 4th. And they looked at me like I was from another planet and it was hilarious. My wife's like, stop, they don't know what you're doing. Jason: [2:07] Wait, they didn't have a big May 4th section in the Hallmark store? Scot: [2:11] They did. The little ladies didn't know. Jason: [2:13] The overlap of people that still buy Papyrus cards and celebrate May 4th is probably not great. Scot: [2:21] It was very humbling. It was a humble May the 4th, but I got my glasses and I was happy. I'm happy for you. And then tonight we had tacos for dinner, so I'm hitting all the holidays. Jason: [2:30] I feel like we should have tacos for dinner every night, whether it's Cinco de Mayo or not, but I'm i am happy for that. Scot: [2:35] We do have a lot of tacos but this was a special single denial edition. Jason: [2:42] Well, very well done, my friend. Scot: [2:44] Thanks. Well, listeners of the pod have been all over me. They're like, why aren't you recording? And I said, it's not me. It's Jason. It's Jason. Because you have been traveling Scot: [2:55] the earth, spreading retail geek goodness. Tell us, we are way far behind on trip updates and all the different countries. It's like you're playing, do you have like a little travel bingo where you're just like punching, what is it, 93 countries? Jason: [3:09] I do. They call it a passport. Oh, nice. Yes. Scot: [3:13] That, uh, little book that you get to carry. Yeah. Jason: [3:15] Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. I have been on a lot of trips and it sounds like you and I may be telling complimentary lies because I also, I've had an opportunity to meet a lot of listeners in the last, we'll call it seven weeks and which they're always super nice. And it's always super fun to talk to people. And obviously they're, you know, strangers recognize my voice in line at Starbucks at all these e-commerce shows. And then we strike up a conversation. And then the next question is always, where the heck is Scott? Because they're always disappointed to meet me and not you. And now the new thing is, and why aren't you producing more frequent shows? And my answer is always that you're dominating the world at Get Spiffy and that you're too busy. Scot: [4:00] Uh-huh. I see. Okay. Jason: [4:02] Well, we're both very busy. Scot: [4:05] You're traveling more than I am. I'm busy washing cars. Jason: [4:08] Yes. I think both are fairly true, but I did finish a grueling seven-week stint where I got to come home a couple of times on the weekends, but I basically had seven weeks of travel back to back. In my old life, that would not have been that atypical, but post-pandemic, The travel has been a little more moderate. And I have noticed that I have my travel muscles have atrophied and I don't really want to redevelop. Jason: [4:35] So the seven weeks was a lot. Please don't ask me for trip reports for all the commerce events because I kind of can't remember some of them. They're all a little bit of a blur. But I was at Shop Talks, I think, since the last time we talked, which is, of course, probably the biggest show in our industry. And that was a very good show. I did get to see a lot of our mutual friends and a lot of fans of the show there. So that was certainly fun. And maybe in another podcast, we can do a little recap of some of the interesting things that came out of Shop Talk. I did produce a couple of recaps in other formats for work clients, so we could certainly pull something together. I also went to a vendor show. One of the e-commerce platforms out there is called Commerce Tools, and they had their annual customer show, which is called Elevate in Miami. So I got a chance to go visit there. They're one of the commerce platforms that I would say is winning at the moment in the kind of pivot away from the old school monoliths to these new sort of SaaS-based solutions. And commerce tools in particular are kind of pioneers in pushing this actual certification around a more modern earned stack that they they coined mock. And I think I think we've had Kelly from from commerce tools on the on the podcast Jason: [5:51] in the past to talk about that. But that was a good show. I got to meet a lot of listeners there. And a funny one, several listeners were like. Jason: [5:59] I would apologize for the, the, our publishing schedule lately. And they're like, I'm cool with it. I like that. Like you don't do a show if there's not something worthwhile. And then, you know, when I do get a show, it's like a treat. So I don't know if they're being honest or not, but that made me feel a little better about some of our, our, our Tardis shows lately. So those, those were good events. I also spent a week in India with some clients and that super interesting, a lot of commerce activity going on there, a lot of different market dynamics than here. So that's kind of intellectually pretty fun to learn about and see what's working there that might be working here or what, you know, why things tend to play out differently there. So that's interesting. And then I have a lot more international trips booked right now. Jason: [6:48] So coming up, I'm going to Barcelona, London, Paris, and Sao Paulo. So if anyone either has any favorite retail experiences in any of of those cities, please send them my way. I'll be doing store visits in all those cities. And if you're based in any of those cities, also drop me a line. Hopefully we can do some meetups while I'm out there. Scot: [7:07] Cool. It's Jason's world tour. You can do a little pod while you're there. Jason: [7:12] We have done a bunch of international pods in the distant past. I remember hotel rooms in South Korea and all over the place, Jason: [7:19] Japan that we've, we've cut shows from. So, so totally could. Scot: [7:23] Yeah. We'll have to do it. Where in the world is retail geek? That could be the theme song. I just sampled that. Jason: [7:30] Yeah. So besides cleaning the world's cars, what have you been up to, Scott? Scot: [7:35] Well, it's kind of funny. My worlds are colliding. So a lot of the analysts that you and I know from the e-commerce world are creeping into the auto world and their gateway drug is Carvana. So in the world of retail, we have Amazon, obviously. Well, Carvana is kind of Amazonifying used cars. They had a bit of a drama kind of situation. They were the golden child of online cars. And then they totally pooped the bed. They did this acquisition. They loaded up with debt. And then after, I think it was 21. So they had a good COVID. They surged. And then the debt got in front of them. Used car prices bop around and they kind of like got in an open door situation where they had bought a lot of cars for more than they were worth suddenly. And then they plummeted and everyone thought they were going out of business, but they have had a resurgence. So it's causing a lot of the internet analysts to now pick up auto tech or mobility or whatever you want to call it. So it was fun. I got to do a live chat with Nick Jones. He's been a friend of the show. I don't think we've had him on due to some compliance stuff that his company has rules around, but he's at this firm JMP and it was kind of wild to talk about, with someone about both Amazon and what we're doing at Spiffy, which is basically a lot of Amazon principles applied to car care. So it was interesting to have someone reach out and say, hey, I think this is a thing. And everyone tells me I should talk to you about it. And I was like, oh, yeah, I would love to. So it's kind of fun. Jason: [9:01] That's very cool. And isn't it also a thing, I think half the vehicles on the road are now owned by Amazon. So I assume that's an overlap too. too? Scot: [9:09] Yeah, not half, but a lot are. The number of last mile delivery vehicles are very, very large. And we work with a lot of them, so it's kind of fun. I started spiffy somewhat to get away from Amazon and still all I can talk about. Nope. So embrace it. I love Amazon. Love me some Amazon, Jason. Jason: [9:29] I'm glad you do. I love them too, but I feel like I spend most of my career You're unsuccessfully helping people compete with them. Scot: [9:38] Hey, got to play one side of the coin. It's a gig. You're going to be more like them or how to fight them. Jason: [9:43] It's a gig. It is indeed. Yeah. Scot: [9:46] Cool. I thought we are going to talk about some Amazon news. But before we jump in, you have done your magic with your data analysis interns. And I'm sure there's an LLM and an AI thrown in there. Let's start with some of the things you're seeing in commerce trends from the data that's out there. Jason: [10:07] Yeah. So as everyone knows, I have a little bit too much of an infatuation with the U.S. Department of Commerce retail indicators data. And these guys, you know, publish monthly estimates of retail sales in a bunch of categories. And, you know, we've talked about this many times on the show, but broadly over the last several years have been really interesting in retail. 2020, 2021, and 2022 were the greatest three years in the history of retail. Like we mailed like $6 trillion in economic stimulus. People didn't travel or go to restaurants as much. And so we sold way more goods than ever before. And so those three years, retail grew respectively at like 8%, 14%, and 9%. The 20 years prior, retail averaged about 4% a year in growth. So normally pre-pandemic, you'd expect 4% growth. We had these three, you know, wildly pandemic influence years where we grew really fast. And then last year we finished a little below 4%. So, so we were around, I want to say it was like 3.6%. So it was growth. It would, it would have been in line with pre-pandemic growth, but it certainly felt like a significant deceleration from those heady pandemic years. And so, you know, people are super interested to see how does 2024 play out? Does it? Jason: [11:32] Kind of return to pre-pandemic levels, like what is the new normal? Jason: [11:37] And we now have the first quarter's data from the U.S. Department of Commerce, and I would call it kind of a mixed bag. If you just look at the raw retail data that the U.S. Department of Commerce publishes, they're going to tell you that retail grew in the first quarter 2.8%. So that's a little anemic, right? Compared to historical averages, that's not a great growth rate. Most of the practitioners that follow this podcast care about a particular subset of retail that the National Retail Federation has dubbed core retail. And so the National Retail Federation pulls gas and automobiles sales out of that number. And gas is a decent size number and it's very volatile based on the commodity prices of gas. And auto is a huge number that has, as you're well familiar, its own idiosyncrasies. And so that's how they justify taking those two out. And if you take those two out and you get this core retail number, retail in the first quarter grew 3.9%. So kind of to align with how the NRF talks about retail, we'll say Q1 overall was 3.9%, which is very in line with the pre-pandemic historic average. So disappointing by pandemic standards, but kind of traditionally what we would expect. Jason: [13:05] What is unique in that number is. Jason: [13:09] That it's very bifurcated. There are clear winners and losers, both by categories and specific practitioners. So if you break down the categories, e-commerce is the fastest growing chunk of retail. I'm sure we'll talk more about that. Restaurants were the next fastest growing categories. And categories like mass merchants and healthcare providers outperform that industry average, every other segment of retail underperformed the industry average. So things like furniture stores did the worst, building materials did really poorly, gas stations did very poorly, electronics did poorly, and side note, electronics have been the worst performer since the pandemic, which is kind of interesting and challenging. So you've had this weird couple categories doing really well, a bunch of categories doing really poorly. And then within the categories even, if you look at the public company's individual earnings calls, what you tend to see is a couple of big players performing really well in overall retail, that's Amazon and Walmart. And then a lot of other retailers really struggling. So that even that's like in general merchandise, it's Amazon and Walmart that are lifting the boats. And it's folks like Target traditionally that have performed really well are actually struggling at the moment. So the average is kind of hard to follow at the moment. Jason: [14:37] But that is kind of how things play out. And then we have some preliminary e-commerce data, but the actual Q1 e-commerce number that the U.S. Department of Commerce publishes will publish on May 17th. So that's 12 days from now. Jason: [14:53] And crunching the numbers that we have available at the moment, that growth is likely to come in at somewhere between 8% and 10%. I'm guessing more like 8% or 9% growth. And so that also is twice as good as overall retail, and it's more than twice as good as brick-and-mortar retail. But that is noticeably slower than the historic e-commerce growth rates pre-pandemic. So kind of file those two numbers away. The overall retail industry is growing at 3.9%. The overall e-commerce industry is growing at about 9%. And then we have our friends at Amazon that dropped their earnings announcement just before May 4th so that they could celebrate May 4th, I think. Scot: [15:39] Yeah, yes, that's a good setup. And without further ado, let's talk about Amazon's fourth quarter. It wouldn't be a Jason Scott show without a little bit of... Scot: [16:01] That's right. On April 30th, Amazon announced their first quarter results. And the setup coming into these, so you had the data you talked about, but like to drill in a little bit. We had Meta, the artist formerly known as Facebook, and Alphabet, the artist previously known as Google. They announced and they both basically told Wall Street, AI is the cat's pajamas and we're going to spend anywhere between $10 and $40 billion of capital expenditures on it, meaning NVIDIA chips. So it turns out the way to play all this is basically buying NVIDIA. So hopefully you bought some NVIDIA stock. Maybe this is not a stock recommendation or when it's too late, so... And also don't take stock recommendations from podcasters. Anyway, so there was all this angst and people were a little freaked out coming into the Amazon results because Meta was down like pretty substantially, 20 to 30 percent. And Alphabet was also up substantially. You also had Microsoft come in there and they really crushed it. Their Azure is really lighting it up with AI. And they announced that they were going to invest a lot. And there's this rumor that a $100 billion project, it's got a name like Starship or something, but it's not Starship. Spaceship? Stardust? I don't know what it is. But it's going to be this mega data center, and they literally can't find a place to put it because it's going to consume so much power. So they're going to have to maybe build a nuclear plant next to it or some wacky thing. Scot: [17:31] Anyway, that was the setup. up. So coming in, Wall Street was very, very concerned about Amazon's AWS division, which is their cloud computing. Because if Alphabet is building out their infrastructure, and so is Azure, that's the two biggest competitors for AWS. And is AWS getting its fair share? And is it going to announce that it's going to have to go build some $40 billion kind of a thing? Also, another Another thing, and I'm kind of curious on if you're seeing this with your clients, but in the, I follow this, you know, the AI, you can't do much without seeing AI everywhere. But the part I'm most interested in is what are big enterprises spending money on? This is like your Fortune 500s. They're all experimenting and really getting into it. And where they're finding a lot of good use cases is training on their data. So they'll say, you know, hey, I'm Publisys. How many documents do you think are inside of Publisys? I don't know, 8 trillion documents. Documents and you know wouldn't it be helpful just the ones I created and who is this retail geek and he's he's created uh you know 90 of those and you know so you know imagine you're starting new at publicists you're gonna be like where do I start going through some of these documents for us and if you had a chat bot that was like hey I've read all that you know I can navigate you through everything that's been published or you know whatever I'm certainly you. Scot: [18:50] Providing a very big metaphor, certainly be more divisional and all this kind of stuff. But that's where big companies are spending the bulk is they're taking their data in whatever format it's in, be it a relational database, a PDF, whatever it is, they're trying to train it. They don't want it to go up into the, they don't want to train the LLM so that other people get the benefit of that and can see any confidential data. So that's really important. So it needs to be gated in these types of things. Because of that use case, open AI is not great because people are very worried. A, it's very expensive and it's only an API. So OpenAI hosts itself and you call it through an API. Scot: [19:25] Those API calls are very expensive. They're getting, as OpenAI has gotten more popular, there's more latency. It's taking forever to get answers out of this thing. And a lot of people are very concerned that even though there's ways to call the API such that it's in a window and not being trained, that maybe it leaks in there. So because of all these elements, the open source models are becoming very popular. And right around the time Meta announced, they announced their Llama, which has become quite popular. And what's nice is you can host it wherever you want. And it's kind of like WordPress, where if you are a serious WordPresser, you can host it somewhere yourself, and you can kind of understand that. Otherwise, there's other people that will host it for you. But it has the nice feature of you're just getting the weights and whatnot, and it's it's pretty clear, it's pretty obvious, it's not training itself on your data. So a lot of people like it because it's quote unquote free. It's not an API usage based. It's a pay once to set it up, pay for some resources type thing and you're done. And it's also not going to train on the data. That's one of many. There's probably 10 or 20 pretty commercial grade open AIs out there. Scot: [20:38] Okay. So that's kind of the setup to get to the earnings. things. So from a big picture, this was a really good quarter. Asterix, the guide made Wall Street a little bit nervous. So- Scot: [20:53] And one of our research analysts just said it's Stargate, which is also a sci-fi series. They must have that on Prime Video or something. There's probably some callback there. Scot: [21:01] So they beat for the quarter Q1, but then they also kind of tell you what's going on the next quarter. Amazon doesn't provide fully your guidance. They just kind of give you a snippet. So when they report one quarter, a quarter, they then tell you what they think the next quarter is going to do. So Wall Street got a little bit ahead of its skis, and the guide for Q2 was below what Wall Street wants. So it wasn't what we'd call a beat and a raise, which is the current quarter was a beat and the next one they increased. It was a beat and a guide down. So that probably tampered Wall Street. But ever since Jassy came in, Andy Jassy, this has been his MO is to be pretty conservative because Wall Street's very much an expectation engine. And the more, if you can beat and tamp down expectations, it makes it, it's a little bit rougher in the short term from a stock price, but it makes next quarter better and then so on and so forth. So it's a smart way to manage the long-term vibe of the stock, the mindset, the expectations around your stock. Okay. So revenue came in at $143 billion versus Wall Street at $142. So pretty much in line. But most importantly, where Amazon really threw people off was on operating income. Yes, Amazon is profitable. This is the proxy for operating income. True Amazonians would tell you, no, it's cashflow. We can go into that, but this is kind of the way they report to Wall Street. So this is kind of the standard operating system, if you will. So this is what we're going to use, but it's a proxy for cashflow. Scot: [22:28] That was 15 billion for the quarter and Wall Street expected 11. Well, you know, 4 billion on a world of 143 doesn't sound like much, but between 11 and 15, that's a very material beat. What is that? Like 38%, something like that. Scot: [22:44] So that was a really nice surprise. And, you know, Amazon goes through these invest and harvest periods and everyone's been feeling like they're going to be back in investing which would mean they're going to start lowering operating income as they invest but it's actually kind of beating expectations, also this is the fifth quarter amazon has come in at the high end of its guidance or above its guidance since basically you know on operating income and that corresponds with when jassy came in so this is his mo right now is to kind of like beat and lower beat and lower you know exceed expectations tamp them down not get not get ahead of his skis and it's working really well. Jason: [23:24] Sandbagging for the win. I like it. Scot: [23:26] Yes, it is. Having run a public company, this is a lesson I learned painfully. So that's something we can talk about over beer sometime. Jason: [23:33] I will book that date. Yeah. And the retail business sort of followed in line with that. They had like some nice growth, but like the real standout number was the improvement in margins and the significant positive operating income from the retail segment. So I think the actual operating income from U.S. Retail was like $5 billion and the Wall Street expectations were 4.3. So again, that was another strong beat. Total revenue, which revenue is not the same thing as retail sales, as we've talked about on the show many times, that we would use GMV as a proxy for that. But revenue was $86.3 billion for the quarter, which I think was in line with the analyst expectations. Jason: [24:27] And I think this was the largest operating income that Amazon has ever reported for the retail business. So that was super interesting on the domestic side. Traditionally, domestic has done pretty well and international has been a money loser because, you know, they've been less mature. they've been investing a lot in growing international and they haven't had the same kind of margins. This was the first quarter that they reported positive operating income for the international division. So that's another super encouraging sign for investors that maybe they've kind of passed that inflection point on a lot of their international investments that they've made in the EU and Japan and the UK, which reminds me is not part of the EU anymore. Jason: [25:13] So so they kind of beat beat international expectations across the board on income. Revenues were lower. So revenues were like thirty one billion dollars, which was below expectation. Jason: [25:25] But they they earned like nine hundred million in operating income. And I want to say the the the Wall Street expectation was like six hundred million. So so again, like a 30 percent beat, which is pretty, pretty darn good. Good. They also, a bunch of analysts have, you know, taken these revenue numbers and they try to back into a GMV number. And I would say the bummer at the moment is there's a fair amount of variance in the estimates, like different analysts have different models. So I have kind of been putting to a model of the models together and trying to kind of find a midpoint. And like Like based on that, the Amazon's GMV globally probably went up 11.5% for the quarter. So if you're comparing this to other retailers or the U.S. Department of Commerce number, overall GMV went up 11.5%. The U.S. was stronger. So the U.S. probably went up at 12.2%. So again, we talked about core retail was up 3.9%. Well, Amazon U.S. GMV was up 12.2%. So, you know, three times faster growth than the retail industry overall. Jason: [26:39] And again, Amazon is mostly e-commerce, very little brick and mortar, Jason: [26:44] which we'll talk about in just a minute. But even if you're comparing Amazon to that e-commerce number, if e-commerce comes in at 8% or 9% and Amazon's at 12%, they're by far the largest e-commerce player out there and they're still substantially outgrowing the average, which, you know, is very impressive and should be very scary to every other competitor out there. Jason: [27:08] One analyst kind of put together an estimate of what they thought the earned income contribution from Amazon was for retail and ads together, pulling AWS out. And they had it at $27 billion in earned income if Amazon was just a retail with no AWS. And that puts them right in the ballpark of Walmart that spent off about $29 billion in earned income or operating income. I keep saying earned, but I mean operating income. So, so that is all pretty impressive and simultaneously super scary. Jason: [27:45] Scott, did you drill down into the online segment at all? Scot: [27:49] Yeah. And, you know, what I would tell listeners is picture a block diagram where you have this big, big rectangle, that's the whole Amazon entity. And, you know, so what we're going to do is talk about the segments. And the first segment is the biggest one, which is the retail business. And that, that's what you just. Jason: [28:04] Biggest and best. Wouldn't you say? Scot: [28:06] Coolest. Jason: [28:07] Coolest. All right. Scot: [28:08] Cool. Okay. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. I'll, you know, I don't know. Jason: [28:11] It is for you. Scot: [28:14] Um, I think the whole enchilada, I like the, the way they do this and I'm trying to replicate it. It's 50. We'll talk about that in a second. The, so then the, you know, so then another segment is AWS, another segment, I think marketplace should be in some segment, but they don't break it out. So it's just kind of in kind of hidden inside of the blob that is retail. So we tease some of that out here on the show. They purposely hide it in there. So no one knows how awesome it is, I think. And then they've got AWS ads and a couple other things, but we'll talk about this. So as you dig into the retail business, there's a couple of ways to look at it. You can look at it by domestic and international, which Jason just did, Scot: [28:50] or you can look at it by online and physical store. So the online biz grew 7% year over year, which if I remember your stats, well, you don't have it until may 17th so on may 17th we'll be able to know how that compared but probably the one you can compare is the offline biz which is the the store comp that they have, And Jason, you saw on that one, what'd you see? Jason: [29:16] Yeah, so physical stores grew 6.3%. So again, like, you know, when we say all of retail grew 3.9%, a big chunk of that's e-commerce. Brick and mortar probably grew at like two to 3%. So Amazon's brick and mortar growing at 6.3% is actually super impressive. And it's kind of interesting, you know, for several years, Amazon has had experiments in a bunch of retail formats. So they've had these Amazon Go stores, stores. They had Amazon five-star stores. They had bookstores. They had a fashion store. They're trying all these things. And of course, the biggest chunk of their stores is they own Whole Foods. And so offline stores for Amazon was kind of a mix of all these different concepts. In the last couple of years, they've kind of cleaned house and gotten rid of all those concepts. And so, you know, nominally there's a few of their own grocery stores called Amazon Amazon fresh open, but the vast majority of online offline retail for Amazon is, is Whole Foods. And for it to be growing at 6.3% in the current climate is, is a really good sign for Amazon. And, and I would say somewhat impressive, you know, on the earnings call, they, they announced that they're working up a new format for Whole Foods, which is a smaller format store that's It's going to open in Manhattan. So I have that on my ticker file to go visit when that's open. Jason: [30:38] You know, the whole grocery space for Amazon is super interesting, but maybe we'll talk about that a little bit more later. But I will call out, they did launch a service that there's been some controversy over. They launched a $9.99 a month grocery delivery service, which essentially lets you have all you can eat free grocery delivery to your home for an incremental fee of $9.99. And they're spinning that as, you know, a cool new grocery service and enable more people to shop for groceries online. And there are a lot of articles about it, like. Jason: [31:13] They used to have free grocery delivery included in your Prime membership, right? And so they've kind of like, I look at the big arc of all this and say, there used to be a lot more free services in Prime that they've kind of peeled out. Then they started charging for, and now they'll let you get it free again for another $120 a year. Jason: [31:32] So interesting things happening with grocery that we could probably talk more about later. But I'm kind of eager to dive into some of these other businesses like AWS. Scot: [31:42] Yeah. So that's the one that everyone was really waiting on the call to hear how it went. And good news, AWS exceeded expectations. Everyone thought it was going to grow 14% and it came in at 17%. And if Wall Street likes, they like a lot of things, they like beating expectations, that's important to them. But their favorite thing is ARG. And that is not a pirate day thing, ARG. It is Accelerating Revenue Growth. Wall Street loves that more than anything. And that's what they delivered for both the ads and the AWS part of the business. And what that means is that as the law of numbers kicks in, so back on the retail business, the only time we see that accelerate is in the fourth quarter and that seasonal acceleration, right? We've gotten used to that for decades now. It always happens in the fourth quarter and whatnot. So it's what you would expect. But this is quite unusual for a relatively mature business. This thing's $25 billion a quarter. So this is a $100 billion business that accelerated. And so that tells us that there is a lot more wood to chop here. It has not gotten near its addressable market. And it really allayed fears that they were losing massive market share because they're, quote unquote, behind on AI to Azure, which is Microsoft offering, and then the Google hosting solution as well. Scot: [33:05] That does not seem to be the case. So they did very well. So they came in at $25 billion and Wall Street was expecting $24.6. So that was really, that accelerating is what really made everyone very happy. And then the operating income came in at $9.5, way ahead of Wall Street at $7.5. So another pretty material 20% beat on this component at the bottom line. And this is really interesting. There was some really good language around this. And this has been Jassy's statement all along, and it's coming true. His early Amazon's early play was we're going to be agnostic on models and it's kind of like bring your own model we'll work with anything now with open AI they're not going to ever host open AI but they'll they're not going to stop you from working with it and then they for these open source ones they've made it very easy for you to spin up an AWS instance throw a little llama in there and I would make a llama noise if I I knew what they said I guess they make like a sheep sound. So you throw a little alarm in there and it does its thing. And, you know, the benefit of them being agnostic on these LLMs is most likely they have some or all of your data, right? Because they've been at this so long that if you're doing cloud computing versus on-prem, most likely a lot of, if not all of your data is in AWS. Extracting that data, you know, imagine you had terabytes or or what's the biggest, Scot: [34:31] bigger than terabytes? I always forget this one. Jason: [34:33] Petabytes. Scot: [34:34] Petabytes of data at AWS. They literally have a product that they can send a truckload of hard drives around and get your data. That's how much data there is that you could never push it across the internet, that there's so much data. So if they have that data and that's what you want to train on, you don't want to have the latency of the internet between your data and the training. So you'd really need the LLM to operate near your data. And this is what they predicted two or three years ago, kind of around the, the, the launch of chat gpt when all this stuff really started to accelerate and it's coming true so everyone feels a lot better about that then their body language this time a lot of times they were kind of like this is what we're doing and we're pretty sure it's going to work now they're like it's working and people really felt relief around this because everyone there was a set of people that believed it but then you know open ai's pitches nope our lm is going to be we're spending, billions of dollars we're going to be so far ahead none of these open source things are going to keep up. If you don't have us, you're going to be so far behind, you'll be like playing with crayons and everyone's going to be playing with quill pens. Scot: [35:42] So it was really good to see that this is not what's happening, that people are embracing, enterprises are embracing these open source models. They are in the same zip code performance-wise from results and much cheaper than OpenAI's offerings. And what Amazon said specifically was very positive around what is It's kind of abbreviated Gen AI for generative AI. And it's kind of a way to encapsulate this. And they said that it already is a multi-billion dollar run rate business. And you always have to parse what they say. So multi-billion can be anywhere between 1 and 9.9, right? And you'll see why I drew 9.9 there. Scot: [36:25] And inside, as part of that big AWS number, and they believe it can be rapidly tens of billions. Billions so they're basically saying it's not double digit billions so it's a single digit million which is where i get one to nine point nine but they basically hinted that that it is growing so rapidly inside of there that it's gonna be tens of billions and this is why they saw accelerating revenue growth which made everyone happy it wasn't just people you know moving some more you know loads on or something boring loads around relational databases or something it was the juicy ai stuff so this got everyone so lathered up that three analysts did price increases and they cited that this was one of the reasons the biggest price increase was from sig susquehanna and they put the price up to 220. At the time all this happened the stock was at 175 and today it's around 185 so it's been up nicely but 220 is a pretty big big you know even. Scot: [37:20] From where they expect that's where they're thinking i think most these guys look at a year to two years as a time horizon on these prices so and that's the the high i have you know again there's a wide range some people think it's going to go down some people think it's over price so go do your research this is not a stock recommendation but i just thought it was interesting that people get really really excited by by this whole gen ai largely the body language that, and it's, Amazon doesn't pound their chest much. So the fact they were, was kind of a new, new way of managing Amazon and Jassy's pretty conservative. So he must've felt pretty good about it, but also that they needed to ally, allay, allay, allay, whatever the right word is, get rid of these competitive concerns everyone's been talking about. Jason: [38:05] Yeah. It feels like a pretty big prize out there. Jassy and the whole team always talk, Just AWS, even before you get to Gen AI, they always remind everyone, hey, 85% of the workloads are still on-prem. So like this, as big as AWS looks, if the long-term future is 85% of the workloads are on the cloud and only 15% are on-prem, there's a lot of headroom still in AWS. And then, you know, you add this new huge demand for AI on top of all that. And like this, it's almost a limitless opportunity. And I want to tie the AI back to retail, though, for just a second, because there's another bit of news that I haven't seen covered very much, but is super interesting to me. Jason: [38:51] There's a particular flavor of AI out there, a subset of generative AI that's now being called agentic AI. And that's sort of a clever amalgamation of agent-based AI. And there's a very famous AI researcher, this guy, Andrew Ng. He's the founder of Coursera. He's done a bunch of things. He was the head of Google Big Think, which was one of the first significant AI efforts. And I want to say he was like on People Magazine's 100 most interesting people list in like 2013 as an AI researcher. So the dude's been around for a long time. He is one of the biggest advocates for this agentic AI. And the premise is that if you just ask an LLM, you take the best LLM in the world, and you ask it to do something for you, that's called zero shot. You give it an assignment, and you take the first result you get. It's a zero shot. You get pretty good results. But if you... Jason: [39:53] Turn that, that LLM into multiple agents and break the task up amongst those agents and potentially agents even running on different LLMs, you get wildly better results. Jason: [40:05] And so his, his research kind of showed that, Hey, if, if Jason goes write a PowerPoint presentation for his client, explaining what's going on in commerce. And I just give that to the turbo version of ChatGBT 4, I'll get a pretty good deck. But if I say, hey, I want to create four agents. I want to create a consultant to write the deck and a copywriter to edit the deck and an editor to improve the deck and three people to pretend to be mock customers to poke holes in the deck and have all those agents work on this assignment. I could give that assignment to chat gbt 3.5 and it would actually output a better work product than the the newer more advanced model was by by breaking the job into these chunks and so in retail you think about like this is the idea of assigning higher level jobs to shopping right so instead of saying like going to amazon and saying oh now it's a ai-based search engine and i'm going to type a long form query into search and get a better result. Jason: [41:09] The agentic AI approach is I'm just going to say to Amazon, never let me run out of ingredients for my kids' school lunches. And the agent's going to figure out what is in my school lunches and what my use rate is for those things and what weeks I have off from school and don't need a school lunch. And it's just going to do all those things and magically have the food show up. And this is a long diatribe, but the reason it's relevant is is this dude, Andrew Ng, was named the newest board member at Amazon three weeks ago. Scot: [41:40] Very cool. Jason: [41:40] I did not see that myself. Yeah. And so if you're wondering where Amazon thinks this is going, like this, in my mind, ties all this tremendous opportunity in generative AI and the financial opportunity in AWS directly to the huge and growing retail business that Amazon runs. Scot: [42:02] Very cool. Oh yeah. I had not seen that. So maybe Wall Street picked up on that. I'm sure. And maybe that was another part of the excitement. Jason: [42:09] Yeah. But all of that is just peanuts compared to the real good business in Amazon, which is the ads business. So again, you know, Amazon used to, to obfuscate their ads business. They've for a number of quarters now had to report it as earnings because it's in their earnings separately, because it's so material. And it was another good quarter for the ads business. It's hard to say whether it's actually accelerating growth or not, because the ads business is very seasonal. So the ad business grew 24.3% for the quarter versus Q1 of 2023. Q4 grew faster. So Q4 grew at 27%, but the 24% growth is much faster growth than other... Q1 year-over-year growth rate. So however you slice it, it's a good, robust growth rate. If you add the last four quarters together, you get $29 billion worth of ad sales. There's lots of estimates for how profitable ad sales are, but there's no cost of goods for an ad, right? Jason: [43:13] And so it's very high margin. So if you just assume, I think 60% gross margins is a very conservative estimate. But if you assume 60% gross margins, that means the ad business spun off $29.5 billion of operating income over the last 12 months. And to put that in comparison, AWS is big and profitable as it is, twice as much revenue at over $100 billion now, but it spun off like $23 billion in operating income. So the ad business is a much more meaningful contributor to Amazon's profits than even AWS. Jason: [43:51] And another way I've been starting to think about this is what percentage of the total GMV on the Amazon platform are the ads? And they are now 6.5%. So that's a very significant new tax. You know, as Amazon has hundreds of millions of SKUs available for sale, no one's ever going to find your SKU or buy it if you don't do some marketing on the platform for that SKU. And that's this 6.5% tax that Amazon's charging. And in the same way we said, hey, AWS is a really robust business. And then there's this thing called generative AI that can make it even huger. All of this ad revenue we're talking about is really coming from their sponsored product listings, which is like basic search advertising on the retail platform. Last quarter, Amazon said, by the way, we have this huge viewership streaming video service called Amazon Prime. And we're going to start putting ads in the lowest tier version of Amazon Prime. So unless you want to pay more, you're going to start seeing ads on Amazon Prime. And that's another huge advertising opportunity that hasn't been very heavily tapped yet. So the analysts are pretty excited about the upside of Amazon potentially tacking on another $6.5 billion in Prime video ads onto the $50 billion of search ads that they already have. Jason: [45:11] And so ads are a pretty good business to be in, which is why every other retailer is trying to follow suit with their own sort of version of a retail media network. Scot: [45:22] Cool. I imagine you get a lot of calls to talk about that. Jason: [45:25] Oh, yeah. I actually, I'm sick of talking about it. So one nice thing about working at an ad agency is there are now thousands of other experts. You know, I was one of the early guys in retail media networks. Now there are thousands of other experts that are way more credible than me. So I don't have to talk about it quite as much, but it still, still comes up in every conversation. Scot: [45:43] Very cool. All right. So then that was the basic gist of the corridor from a high level. And then it came to the what's going on in Q2. So that did come in lighter than folks expected, as I said, and they guided the top line to 144 versus 149. Let's call it 146 and change at the midpoint. They always do this range kind of thing when they're doing their guide. And Wall Street was at 150 consensus. So, you know, a tidge below two or three percent below where they wanted. But the operating income guide was above Wall Street. So they're kind of, we'll take it. Como si, como sa. Scot: [46:21] So that was, you know, I think Amazon tapping things down. Yeah. Now they did talk a lot about consumers being under pressure. So they said in the, it wasn't in a Q and a, it was in the prepared remarks and Jassy said it, which is kind of like the more important stuff. And I will say it's really nice to have the CEO of Amazon back on these calls because Bezos basically ditched them after, I don't know if, I think he came the first two quarters back in 97 but i honestly can't remember but he has not gone to the calls and jassy's been to them all so it's really nice to hear from the ceo and he answers very candidly i feel you know he doesn't feel as kind of like robotic as many ceos when they get on here because it is a stressful thing that you're going to say something wrong, but there was this exchange well first of all he he in his prepared remarks he talked about. Scot: [47:12] I forgot to put the exact language, but he said, we're seeing a lot of consumers trade down. So they're seeing, you know, we're seeing this in the auto industry. Tires is this huge thing where it's under a lot of pressure right now because people are just waiting. So there's a lot of this, you know, it's not showing up in the data that I've seen, but there's, you know, maybe the inflation data, but not the GDP and some of the other unemployment data. But it feels like the consumer is under a bit of pressure here, and they talk about that a lot in the prepared remarks. So I thought our listeners would find that interesting. Jason, before I go into this longish little thing that I wanted to just cover, what do you, did you pick up on any of that consumer stuff? Are you hearing that? Jason: [47:55] Oh, yeah, that's very common. And remember, in the beginning, I mentioned that there's this weird bifurcation that some retailers, even in categories, are doing well and others aren't. And some categories are doing well and others aren't. That's super complicated to get to the why. But the most obvious why is that consumers feel like they're under a lot of economic pressure and are trading down and are deferring certain types of purchases. The easiest way to see this is own brands and private label sales going up and, you know, national brand sales stagnating, see things like chicken protein going up and beef protein going down. You know, there's lots of examples out there, but the retailers that are best able to follow the consumer as she trades down are tending to do well. And the retailers that only cater to the luxury consumer, the super luxury is still doing fine. They're somewhat insulated. But the folks that haven't been as able to cater to the value consumer as much have struggled more. And the non-mandatory categories have struggled more. So Andy's comments exactly mirror what we're seeing going on in market dynamics and what other retailers are saying in their earnings. It is slightly weird because if you just look at the macros. Jason: [49:18] It's objectively, the consumer is doing pretty well. There's actually a lot of favorable things, but there's a ton of evidence that the consumer sentiment is that they're really worried about their household budget and are making, you know, hard, hard financial decisions. Scot: [49:36] Yeah. Yeah. It's tough out there. Well, hopefully it'll get better. So one of the questions I want to just kind of pull out some tidbits, because this has been a theme on our pod for a long time and I thought it was really, really interesting. And this is going to get into the weeds of supply chain and this kind of thing. So sorry if that's not your jam. We like to talk about logistics. Scot: [49:56] Side note to you, Jason, I saw that deep dive we did on Amazon logistics is still like our number one show and all the stats and stuff, which is kind of fun. So someone cares about it. Anyway, one of the friends of the podcast, Yusuf Squally asked a question. He's one of the analysts and he said, as it relates to logistics, so he's talking to andy on the call back in september you launched amazon supply chain can you help us understand the opportunity you see there where are you in the journey to build logistics as a service on a global basis and does that require a huge increase in capex a function increase in capex which means huge so jesse said this was a very long answer so i'm going to pull out two snippets you can go read the transcripts can you put a link to that in the show notes absolutely yep yeah so so i'm just gonna give you the the snippet the whole thing is worth reading but it would be like another 20 minutes to do that. But so Jassy starts out and says, I think that it's interesting what's happening with the business we're building in third party logistics. And it's really kind of in some ways mirror some of the other businesses we've gotten involved in AWS being an example. And even though they're very different businesses, and that we realized that we had our own internal need to build and launch these capabilities. Scot: [51:01] We figured that there were probably others out there who had the same needs we did and decided to build the services out of them so this is this model that really blows the minds of traditional retailers where you know so walmart has this huge data you know capability there's this this urban legend that they know when people are pregnant before they do they can see changes in their habits or they know who all is on weight loss drugs they they see your buying habits so intricately that they can do that that's a neat capability but they view it as proprietary and And that's old school thinking. Scot: [51:32] What Amazon does is says, well, that's a cool capability. Let's certainly someone else needs it. Let's open it up. This is one of my favorite things at Amazon. And it's so counterintuitive that in my current car world, I talk about this and everyone's like, why are you, we're doing it a lot at Spiffy. And they're like, well, why are you doing that? That's like your proprietary thing. And we're like, well, that's just how it should be. And like, this is a better way to do it. And it's really interesting that still today, Amazon's built what I say, $100 billion business out of AWS, which has used this and people are, are befuzzled by the whole thing. So I, I thought that was an interesting use case. And then he, he goes into some details there that are pretty obvious for our listeners, like how this is gonna work. But then he basically kind of brings it back around and then he says he wraps up and says, I would say that supply chain with Amazon is really an abstraction on top of each individual block services. And in those services, he talked about all the things that, that, you know, FBA and last mile delivery and buy with a prime. He talks about each of those kind of and how awesome they are. So he's basically saying Amazon supply chain wraps a bow around all that. And it gives this collective set of business services is growing significantly. Scot: [52:43] It's already what I would consider a reasonable size business. I think it's early days. It's not something we anticipate being a giant capital expense driver. So it's because they've already invested in all this that doesn't require additional capex. And then he finishes and says, we have to build a lot of the capabilities anyway to handle our own business. And we think it will be a modest increase on top of that to accommodate third-party sellers. Scot: [53:05] But our, there's a typo in the thing. Our third-party sellers find very high value in us being able to manage these components for them versus having to do it themselves. And they save money in the process. So I thought that was a really interesting, interesting. So they're really leaning into this supply chain. I think that ultimately they'll open this up to more consumers where you can send Aunt Gertrude in Detroit something from Chicago for three bucks a package and just throw it in an Amazon box, maybe a return box, and it kind of makes it way cheaper than you can FedEx it. I think that's coming, but it's really interesting to see. The way they think about things and his articulation of it was very crisp, Scot: [53:45] and I really enjoyed that. I was geeking out on that when I was listening to the call. Jason: [53:50] Yeah, for sure. That actually came up in some of the conferences I was at that he, you know, Jeff Bezos famously wrote this memo a long time ago about kind of being an object oriented, company and having all these building blocks that people could easily access and use internally and externally. And, and that this was kind of Andy Jassy doubling down on that. Yeah. It's Biffy is an example of that. Like you inventing some cool products that make it your jobs easier. And then you're selling those products to, to your potential competitors. Scot: [54:20] Yeah. So two examples, we have some devices we've developed for ourselves. One is a tire tread scanner. So it does 2D and 3D tires, tire tread scans. It's called Easy Tread. And we developed it for ourselves because we touch 3,000 cars a day right now and we wanted to measure the tire treads. And the state of the art is a Bluetooth needle. And it's, you know, you have to lay on your back. The cars are on the ground for us most of the time. So you have to like get underneath there, measure three things, and then it Bluetooths to a phone. Then you have to take it, the data entry, it doesn't have an API. Then you have to like take what it measured and then now cut and paste it into something else. It's kind of, kind of redonkulous in our world. So we developed a solution for that and we're selling it externally. And then the big, the big one is from day one, this has been the plan is we've built a ton of software for Spiffy. So we're, you know, we've got 400 technicians, 250 vans doing all kinds of services across the US and there's no operating system for that. So we, there's no like Salesforce for that or Shopify. So we had to go build our own. And so we've built, you know, route optimization specific to this parts integration, fitment integration, VIN lookup, all these things that are required integration with tire suppliers, oil filter suppliers, oil suppliers, parts suppliers, all these things. So we have like 150 things we've integrated with and pulled in from all over the place. Scot: [55:44] And then labor management, all the reporting that comes along with it, all that stuff. And we're starting to license that out as its own platform to anyone that wants to do auto services. And so these dealerships and large auto service companies are coming to us and finally saying, this seems kind of obvious now that we need to provide the ability to go to our customers. They call it at their curb. They use a different language than we do. But basically what you and I would call mobile, you know, last mile delivery of the service. And we're starting to license that out. And it's a lot like AWS, right? So we had to build this for our retail business, which is doing the services and now we're licensing it out a lot AWS and we have this device business. So it's been, I would not have, it comes intuitively to me now. Cause I've been, you know, basically living this lifestyle for 20 years and watching Amazon do it, But it's been fun to kind of build a company with this mindset of we're going to take these things we build and give them to other, not give them, but sell them to other people. And then that makes them better. And they help us pay for all the R&D that we've done on it. Jason: [56:48] Yeah, that's very cool. And that gives listeners a very tangible example of why we haven't been able to podcast quite as frequently as we'd like. Scot: [56:56] Yes. Jason: [56:56] I do, at the risk of making this the world's longest episode of our show, I do have a geeky add-on to the supply chain conversation. Yeah. So a lot of these services that they're adding to specifically what they call supply chain with Amazon are around importing services, because an increasingly high percentage of all the stuff Amazon sells is. Jason: [57:20] Amazon is taking care of importing it, right? And most often from China, but from all over the world and taking care of all that logistics and getting it ready to sell and deliver via the world's most impressive last mile to consumers in America. And there's tons of complicated, high friction touch points and processes to flow all those goods. Well, the big competitors out there to Amazon at the moment that we've talked about ad nauseum on the show, like Shein and Timu, had this kind of direct from China model where they're putting all the goods on 747s, flying them over, and they're taking advantage of this loophole in the postal treaty called the de minimis provision to not pay taxes or duties or have all these goods inspected that they ship into the U.S. and U.S. Jason: [58:07] Businesses have been complaining it's unfair. There's like all kinds of talk about it. We've done shows on this and I'm sure we'll do others. So here's the new thing in supply chain. Jason: [58:15] All the people that have been complaining about this are now doing it because guess what's happened? A bunch of these companies have been born that now help every other brand in the world take advantage of the de minimis provisions to near shore their goods. So you're a footwear manufacturer, you make your shoes in Vietnam, Instead of shipping them to the U.S. On a pallet and paying taxes and duties, you ship them on a pallet to Mexico, and then you send them individual parcels across the border from Mexico into the U.S. and never have to pay taxes or duties on the stuff. So I don't know if that will last in the long run, but that's a very disruptive, significant change happening in the whole world of e-commerce supply chains as we speak. That's pretty interesting. Interesting. Had you gotten wind of that yet? Scot: [59:07] No, no. That's all new to me. Thanks for sharing. Jason: [59:09] Yeah. That's probably how you're going to have to start getting your spiffy stuff into the country now too. I won't, I won't, we won't go there. But the one other piece that did not come up in the earnings call, but a controversy around Amazon since our last show is news articles came out that Amazon was de-installing its Just Walk Out technology from its grocery stores. So Amazon had built Just Walk Out into several of these Amazon Fresh stores and they built it into Whole Foods. And if you know the history of Just Walk Out, this was the original intention of Just Walk Out was was to do it for grocery stor

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