Podcasts about Matsuzawa

As a holistic and functional psychiatrist, I see many people who are highly sensitive. Most are deep divers into information and able to connect a lot of dots. Many are gifted. Many struggle with overwhelm and low stress tolerance. Some struggled with anxiety, inner tension, or feeling “too much” for as long as they can remember. Some feel different - that they don't fit in.As a holistic and functional psychiatrist with over twenty years in practice, I've worked with thousands of highly sensitive adults and children. Most are deep divers into information, able to connect a lot of dots — many are gifted. And yet many struggle with overwhelm, low stress tolerance, anxiety, or inner tension that has been there for as long as they can remember. Many feel different, like they don't quite fit in. What I've found is that sensitivity itself is rarely the problem — it's the seeming vulnerability to brain-related or physical conditions. Over the years I've found three different models to be especially useful in explaining some of the vulnerabilities and the strengths of those of us who are highly sensitive: Dr. Elaine Aron's work on the Highly Sensitive Person (HSP), the nutritional medicine concept of Pyrrole Disorder, and Dr. Sharon Meglathery's RCCX Theory. Each looks at a similar group of traits through a different lens — psychological, biochemical, and genetic, respectively.Before I start, I want to emphasize that sensitivity is not a pathology or a diagnosis. It is actually a trait that has existed across human history for a reason. My goal is not to pathologize it, but to understand it — and to offer tools to those who have these traits but who are struggling with a condition more prevalent in those with these traits. As I go through these three frameworks, the overlap will be obvious and I'll highlight what each of these has to offer that the others don't.What You'll Learn* The HSP model provides validation and a language for sensitive individuals.* Pyrrole Disorder involves an overproduction of pyrroles, leading to nutrient depletion of nutrients critical for neurotransmitter functioning.* Pyrrole Disorder is common in brain-related conditions.* RCCX Theory connects genetic vulnerabilities to sensitivity and chronic illness.* Stress amplifies the experiences of highly sensitive individuals.* Understanding these models can lead to effective treatment options.* There are meaningful paths forward for those who are highly sensitive.Chapters* 00:00 Understanding High Sensitivity* 02:26 The Highly Sensitive Person (HSP) Model* 10:23 Exploring Pyrrole Disorder* 18:18 RCCX Theory Explained* 30:11 Intersecting Models: HSP, Pyrrole Disorder & RCCX Theory* 34:40 Conclusion and Path ForwardI. THE HIGHLY SENSITIVE PERSONIn the early 1990s, psychologist Dr. Elaine Aron identified a personality trait she called Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) — and the people who score high in it she called Highly Sensitive Persons, or HSPs.This is not a diagnosis. It is a trait, present in roughly 15–20% of the population. It has been found across more than 100 species — from fruit flies to primates. This tells us it is evolutionarily conserved — it confers survival advantages. In any social group, having members who are wired to notice subtle cues, process information deeply, and detect threats before others do is extremely valuable. Fitting with this, many of these individuals, who also struggle with complex chronic health issues are considered the “canaries in the coal mine” since their bodies react to environmental triggers (environmental toxins, chemicals, or stressors) long before the rest of the population.Dr. Aron captured the core features of this trait in an acronym she called DOES:D — Depth of processing: HSPs think deeply, reflect before acting, and notice subtleties that others miss.O — Overstimulation: Because they process so thoroughly, HSPs reach their threshold more quickly in high-stimulation environments.E — Emotional reactivity and Empathy: HSPs feel emotions intensely and are highly attuned to the emotions of those around them.S — Sensitivity to subtle stimuli: They pick up on things — in their environment, in social dynamics, in the body — that others simply don't register.As you can see, traits that are super powers, can become liabilities. The deep diver who loses sight of the big picture. The empath who absorbs everyone else's energy as their own energy becomes depleted. The person who withdraws from the world because the stimulation has simply become too much.HSP ResearchBeyond the clinical observations, there is now a growing body of neuroscience and genetic research supporting this trait. There is evidence that the brains of sensitive people are doing more, processing more and feeling more.fMRI studies (Acevedo, Aron et al., 2014) have shown that when HSPs view emotional images — particularly photos of loved ones expressing happiness or sadness — their brains show significantly greater activation in regions associated with awareness, empathy, and sensory integration.Twin studies show that Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) as defined by Dr. Aron is approximately 47% heritable. Small studies as opposed to large genome wide studies have focused on genetic variants involving dopamine and serotonin systems, such as a serotonin transport gene, a dopamine receptor gene, and COMT, which codes for the enzyme that metabolizes dopamine and norepinephrine.While this hints at a biochemical dimension, the HSP framework doesn't address this as directly as the other two models I'll discuss, nor does it explain the higher prevalence of physical health conditions in those who are highly sensitive.Research published in 2026 (Matsuzawa et al.) found that individuals high in SPS had substantially higher rates of depression (13.8%), anxiety disorder (10.5%), and developmental disorders, such as ADHD and ASD, compared to the general population.Despite this overlap with developmental disorders: unlike, ADHD, HSPs typically have excellent concentration in quiet environments. And unlike the social deficits described in ASD, HSPs tend to have heightened social attunement. They often feel too much of what's happening in social situations, not too little, even if they respond awkwardly at times.Research shows that high sensory processing sensitivity is associated with more frequent physical symptoms — back pain, fatigue, digestive issues, frequent illness.What This Framework OffersThe HSP model has given millions of people validation and a language for these traits that has allowed them to shift from “what is wrong with me” to “this is how I am wired.”It also offers an evolutionary reframe. High sensitivity is not a mistake and is not pathologic. It is a feature of the human population that has served us.What it doesn't offer is a biological explanation for why some sensitive people suffer so acutely — or a path toward biochemical intervention. II. PYRROLE DISORDERPyrrole disorder is a biochemical imbalance that has been recognized for decades, though it remains largely unknown in mainstream psychiatry. It involves an overproduction of pyrroles — metabolic byproducts that, on their own, are not a problem. When they are high, however, they can result in a depletion of zinc, B6 and a few other nutrients.First identified in the 1950s and first treated with zinc and B6 in the 1980s, pyrrole disorder is one of the most common nutrient imbalances found in brain-related conditions — and one of the most treatable. Yet most people who have it have never heard of it. I learned about pyrroles in 2014 when I first trained with the Walsh Research Institute.The Importance of Zinc, B6 & MagnesiumVitamin B6 is required to synthesize dopamine, serotonin, and GABA — three of the most critical neurotransmitters for mood regulation, anxiety, and stress response. Zinc plays a profound role in the central nervous system, the immune system, gastrointestinal tract (which we now know has its own significant influence on brain health) and connective tissue (joints and skin).Pyrrole Disorder Traits & SymptomsThe most consistent feature is low stress tolerance. People with elevated pyrroles are often described as those for whom life seems harder than it should be, every transition can be destabilizing and every large group or new environment feels like too much.The overlap with the HSP profile is striking, but here, we start to see not only traits, but symptoms.- Socially anxious, shy, or fearful since childhood, with severe inner tension- Sensitive to bright light, loud noises, textures, and odors- Avoids crowds, strangers, and new situations- History of reading difficulty- Poor short-term memory- Underachievement- Irritability, mood swings, bouts of depression- Tends to stay up late; little or no dream recall; morning nausea- White spots on fingernails; very dry skin; stretch marks; poor wound healing- Joint pain- Frequent infections or autoimmune tendenciesMost people with pyrrole disorder don't have all of these symptoms — but the inner tension, the high sensitivity, and low stress intolerance are very common.What the Data ShowsThe Walsh Research Institute has collected data on over 30,000 patients. Elevated pyrroles were found in:* 18% of those with ADHD* 24% of those with depression* 28% of those with behavioral disorders* 35% of those with autism* 35% of those with bipolar disorder* 30% of those with schizophrenia* 12% of those with PTSDAnd in only 8% of healthy controls — meaning those with no psychiatric diagnosis.What Causes Pyrrole Disorder?For many, there appears to be a genetic component, but for others, pyrroles appear to have increased due to high physiologic or emotional stress. Examples include candida overgrowth or other forms of gut microbial imbalances, mold toxicity, heavy metals, chemical exposures, illness, emotional trauma, major life transitions or even growth spurts in children.What This Framework Brings UsRelative to the HSP framework, an understanding of pyrroles gives a specific, treatable biological mechanism. When zinc, B6, Magnesium and other nutrients are depleted, we know how the brain's neurotransmitter functioning is affected — and we know what to do about it.Treatment from a Walsh Research Institute trained practitioner typically involves a nutrient protocol of zinc (based on zinc and copper testing), B6 or its active form P5P, and other nutrients for pyrrole disorder and other nutrient imbalances identified. For many patients, a lifetime of chronic inner tension and fearfulness begins to shift within days to a couple of weeks of starting the nutrients.Treatment doesn't change one's personality, but it can improve social discomfort, overwhelm, the anxiety, the depression that has been layered on top of that sensitivity.Where zinc deficiency can impact a lot of the physical conditions that appear to be more common in those who are hypersensitive, it doesn't fully explain the significant hormonal, inflammatory, connective tissue symptoms and autoimmunity we see in many who are hypersensitive.III. RCCX THEORYRCCX theory has been proposed by Dr. Sharon Meglathery, MD — a psychiatrist and internist whose own complex health history (which is very similar to my own) led her to one of the most compelling explanations I've encountered for why hypersensitivity, neurodivergence, psychiatric conditions, MCAS (Mast Cell Activation Syndrome), EDS (Ehlers Danlos Syndrome), POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome), CIRS (Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) and/or CFS (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) and autoimmunity tend to cluster together in certain individuals and families.RCCX refers to a module of four genes on chromosome 6. Three of them appear to be particularly important to our health, and two of those have very high rates of mutation.The Three Key Genes(1) TNXB codes for a protein involved in connective tissue. Variants range from subtle joint hypermobility to Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. But connective tissue isn't just about joints — it's also about the permeability of the gut-blood barrier, the blood-brain barrier, and vulnerability to upper cervical (neck) instability, which can put tension on the vagus nerve and affect the entire autonomic nervous system.(2) CYP21A2 is the most important gene in the module when it comes to psychiatric conditions. It codes for 21-hydroxylase, an enzyme needed to convert 17-hydroxyprogesterone into cortisol. When there is a mutation — and there can be many, of varying degrees — the body may struggle to meet the demand for cortisol under stress. A weakness on this gene could have two primary effects:First — The theory holds that many people with CYP21A2 mutations, even without hypermobility, may develop what Dr. Meglathery calls a “brain wired for danger” — essentially, a nervous system calibrated toward threat detection from early in life, with minimal trauma required. A mutation on CYP21A2 may essentially result in relatively higher androgens impacting the amygdala — the brain's fear and emotional center. Studies have found that hypermobile individuals (who often carry TNXB mutations) have a larger-than-normal amygdala.Second — because of this mutation, the body may not be able to keep up with the body's need for cortisol (especially when under stress). This deficit causes the brain to release corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) to signal the adrenal glands to produce more cortisol. CRH binds to mast cells and activates the immune system — leading to secondary brain inflammation. This is the inflammatory pathway that can result in a number of secondary health issues including MCAS, CIRS, POTS, CFS and more.(3) C4 is involved in immune response and autoimmunity, and has been linked to schizophrenia. This gene variant is not as common as the first two referenced, though I do see a number of families who also have autoimmunity impacting multiple family members.The CAPS Psychological ProfileDr. Meglathery uses the term CAPS — CYP21A2 Mutation Associated Neuropsychiatric Spectrum — to describe the psychological profile she has observed in people with this genetic vulnerability. These traits can exist long before any formal psychiatric diagnosis, and they are not inherently pathological. - Anxiety and over-arousal during times of stress — high adrenaline, insomnia, sometimes manic-like characteristics- Under-arousal during low-stress periods — leading to ADD presentations, compulsive behaviors, or thrill-seeking to raise arousal- High emotionality, sensitivity, and reactivity to environmental stimuli- Sensory processing difficulties — typically over-stimulation in loud or chaotic environments- A strong ability to read emotions in others, paired with social awkwardness in response- Easily affected by events others would consider minor — an offhand comment, a disturbing movie- A tendency toward nonconformity- Special abilities: gifted musicians, scientists, creatives, systems thinkers- Hyper-focus and obsession with areas of deep interest, often leading to remarkable accomplishments- High tenacity and determination, when not derailed by overstimulation or past trauma- Strong emotions — positive or negative — that can manifest as obsessional worrying, harm avoidance, OCD tendencies, or very high standards for self and othersDr. Meglathery also notes — and I have observed this clinically — that people with this profile tend to find each other through friendships, partnerships and marriage. They are drawn together by shared sensitivities, emotional depth, and intellectual gifts. This means children are likely to receive a tendency towards CAPS from both sides.Women who are appear to have CYP21A2 mutations often have a male-pattern finger length ratio — the ring finger longer than the index finger — a possible marker of androgen exposure during development.What RCCX OffersRCCX theory offers the broadest biological framework we have for understanding why sensitivity, psychiatric vulnerability, and complex chronic illness so often travel together in the same people and families. It connects the nervous system, the immune system, the hormonal system, and connective tissue under one genetic umbrella.It also points toward specific interventions: nervous system regulation (limbic retraining, vagal work), mast cell management, and addressing the downstream biochemical consequences of cortisol dysregulation.The limitation is that genetic testing for variants on the gene for 21-hydroxylase is not yet widely available, which is why this isn't a gene that you'll see referenced when it comes to HSP, though I would argue it is likely the most prevalent. RCCX remains a clinical theory — but one that explains the constellation of traits and symptoms of most of the people that I in my practiceIV. WHERE THESE MODELS INTERSECTWhere Might Pyrrole Disorder and RCCX Theory Meet?The symptom overlap is almost complete: poor stress tolerance, sensory sensitivities, anxiety, inner tension, connective tissue symptoms, frequent infections, autoimmune tendencies. Relatively low zinc would impact most of these shared symptoms, but there may be a potentially deeper connection.21-hydroxylase contains a pyrrole-like structure — heme — within it. Could a mutation resulting in abnormal 21-hydroxylase lead to a buildup of abnormal heme-like compounds, contributing directly to pyrrole disorder? This is not proven, but in an exchange about this with Dr. Meglathery, she indicated that she also believes there is a strong association, and the biochemical logic is compelling.This matters, because we know what helps pyrrole disorder. We have a treatment — treatment that can complement what RCCX theory makes evident — that the stress response has to be addressed.Stress (again from any cause - physiologic or emotional) is the great amplifier across all three models. Stress worsens the HSP experience, and tips the CYP21A2 mutation from manageable to destabilizing (through the hormonal consequences and the inflammatory cascade) and yes, it even causes pyrroles to increase.BRINGING IT TOGETHERFor someone who is highly sensitive, and struggling with brain related or physical symptoms or conditions, pyrrole disorder and even RCCX theory are worth considering because they offer tools and start to answer, “What Can We Do About It?”The three frameworks work together:The HSP model offers validation and language. It shifts the frame from deficit to difference. It reminds us that sensitivity is not pathology — it is a trait with evolutionary value, and it comes with great strengths.The Pyrrole model offers a treatable nutrient imbalance. It explains, at the neurotransmitter level, why stress hits harder for these individuals. Treatment doesn't take away the sensitivity; it lifts the weight that has accumulated on top of it.The RCCX model offers the broadest systems view. It connects the dots between what the body is doing — the immune activation, the hormonal dysregulation, the connective tissue involvement — and the psychiatric and psychological profile that tends to accompany it. It also provides additional tools: nervous system regulation, mast cell support, hormonal awareness.If any of this resonates — the sensitivity, the inner tension, the feeling of always being at the edge of overwhelm — please know that there are roots to explore and meaningful paths forward.If you are looking for someone trained by the Walsh Research Institute knowledgeable in assessing for and treating pyrrole disorder (and other common nutrient imbalances impacting brain health), or learning more about Dr. Aron's work on HSP and Dr. Meglathery's RCCX theory, I am providing those links below.And as always, I welcome your thoughts, experience and questions.Until next time,CourtneyAbout the AuthorDr. Courtney Snyder MD is a Holistic and Functional Child and Adult Psychiatrist who offers non-patient consultations to individuals and practitioners nationally and internationally in addition to her treatment practice serving FL, IN, KY, OH. Her educational content, shared through her website, Substack Newsletter, the Holistic Psychiatry Podcast and YouTube Channel reaches readers and listeners in over 160 countries.ResourcesWalsh Research Institute: walshinstitute.orgRCCX Theory — Dr. Sharon Meglathery: rccxandillness.comDr. Elaine Aron — The Highly Sensitive Person: hsperson.comOther Sources: Acevedo et al. 2014, “The Highly Sensitive Brain,” Brain & Behavior | Matsuzawa et al. 2026, Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences ReportsMedical Disclaimer:This newsletter is for educational purposes and not intended or implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment for either yourself or others, including but not limited to patients that you are treating (if you are a practitioner). Consult your physician for any medical issues that you may be having. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit courtneysnydermd.substack.com/subscribe

Hour Two of the Good Morning Football Podcast begins with the new QB faces on NFL teams. Hosts Jamie Erdahl, Manti Te'o, Isaiah Stanback, and Jason Cabinda discuss which new QB has the best chance at success with his new team. NFL Prospect Kaleb Elarms-Orr looks back at his combine experience and makes his case to GMs that are watching! Plus, NFL Prospect Kansei Matsuzawa talks about being born and raised in Japan and now eyeing the NFL! The Good Morning Football Podcast is part of the NFL Podcast NetworkSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Happy Aloha Tuesday, beautiful people! Ku & Paul open the show with updates after another rainy Monday wiped out events across Mānoa. The conversation then turns back to the coaching carousel, as longtime Saint Mary's head coach Randy Bennett accepts the head job at Arizona State. The team breaks down what that move could mean for Hawai‘i and its ongoing negotiations with head coach Eran Ganot. They also dive into Kansei Matsuzawa's NFL potential following a recent ESPN feature on the Tokyo Toe's journey through the league's International Player Pathway program. Hour 1 wraps with updates on the Chaminade and Hawai‘i Pacific baseball seasons, setting the stage for tonight's matchup between the Swords and Sharks.

Hour 2 opens with more Tokyo Toe recognition after Kansei Matsuzawa spoke to the media on Tuesday after becoming the first consensus All-American in Hawaii Football history, hearing the senior kicker's thoughts on the wild journey of his final college season. We discuss the latest in the NFL as Miami Dolphins QB Tua Tagovailoa was officially demoted and benched, signaling a potential divorce between the franchise & 27-year-old QB. The show wraps up returning to Tuesday's debate about how UH could raise money for athletics without asking for taxpayer money after a texter brought up the student athletic fee.

Kansei Matsuzawa Chosen for NFL's 2026 International Player Pathway Program

Happy Aloha Friday, beautiful people! Ku opens the day recapping Thursday's exclusive Honolulu Coffee Co. event with Hawaii football kicker Kansei Matsuzawa after unveiling the "Tokyo Toe Blend" coffee mix. We continue tossing praise towards Matsuzawa, along with a few other players from UH, after receiving All-American recognition from multiple media outlets and hear from Hawaii special teams coordinator Thomas Sheffield about the year in review for his unit. The hour closes out chatting about the state of Bowl Games as the final LA Bowl kicks off the postseason football slate on Saturday.

Hour 2 opens the prep for Hawai'i football's road test against Colorado State coming up on Saturday as Ku & Paul go through the recent history of the matchup between programs. We hear from national media darling kicker Kansei Matsuzawa as he spoke to local reporters earlier in the week on how he is handling the success and added attention of his season so far. The day closes out with Ku'ulei diving deeper into the issues Matsuzawa and other international student-athletes face in the NIL era and why it isn't as easy for the Tokyo Toe to capitalize on his new-found fame. 

Jackson and Omar are back for Lou Groza talk and a look at the college football landscape in week 6.

Join us on this weeks case as we discuss Kayo Matsuzawa. Kayo was a 21 year old Japanese woman whose life was tragically cut short by an unknown person. Her body would later be found in a switch board room which was located between the BNZ bank and centre court building. How would someone be able to relocate a body to this area without being seen? Or did they lure Kayo to this room? We still do not know what awful events unfolded. Let us tell you about Kayo the social butterfly, and how she should have been safe travelling in NZ.Support the showListener discretion is advised, our content will not be for everyone.Music by Kyle Hsieh

Let's give a warm welcome to Japanese indie dev Justin Matsuzawa, developer of the upcoming RPG Starlight Legacy! Justin tells us all about his game and we dive into the everlasting appeal of Pokemon, feedback from both Japanese and Western audiences, and making a game that isn't meant to be revolutionary but just fun. Our music this week comes from Parasitic Humanoid Volleyball Club

Kayo Matsuzawa had always wanted to travel overseas. In November 1997 she  finally got her wish and left her home in Japan for a year-long visit to Christchurch on New Zealand's South Island. Ten months into her stay, on 11th September 1998, the 29 year old flew to Auckland on the North Island for a short break. Kayo booked into a hostel and set out to discover what the country's largest city had to offer. CCTV footage shows Kayo walking through the city centre just after 3.30pm. This was the last time Kayo was seen alive. Her body was found 11 days later in an obscure location. Follow Persons Unknown:  Instagram and FacebookSources: For a full list of sources please see the Facebook page    https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/a-moment-in-crime-operation-net-the-murder-of-kayo-matsuzawa/6KV6FHC67QDNNMAW3XCWASZQBE/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/briton-gives-police-new-lead-to-killer-of-japanese-tourist/OO4HNG5FWSBDAMPMJX4KH3BQRY/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12107423&ref=NZH_fb&fbclid=IwAR1hE0xYY2WbVTzRb02R335SLNPw5upC5pdAq5Nrn4UBi7ndVqDMjw89ihghttps://www.police.govt.nz/stolenwanted/coldcase/2019/kayo-matsuzawa-1998?nondesktophttps://matthewtaylor.co.nz/tag/crime/ https://kreepykittysmurdermysteryblog.wordpress.com/2017/05/08/the-murder-of-kayo-matsuzawa/https://newzealandmissing.wordpress.com/kayomatsuzawa/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/russian-man-at-centre-of-murder-hunt/KDR5NGN4OD34TCNKFWF5RFZM4A/https://www.pressreader.com/new-zealand/herald-on-sunday/20070930/281651070734582https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.naver?blogId=inkaemperor&logNo=100109889172&proxyReferer=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/police-have-new-suspect-in-japanese-tourists-cold-case-murder/OTQQPAGRE7CKLCUIA2NK4CVO2U/https://murderpedia.org/male.G/g/grimson-allan.htmPromosSmells Like HumansLike spending time with funny friends talking about curious human behavior. Listen on: Apple Podcasts Spotify

When Kayo Matsuzawa decides to travel abroad and study English in New Zealand, she is thrilled! After leaving Japan, Kayo spends around 1 year in New Zealand before she goes on a 3 day backpacking trip to Auckland, up on the North Island. She would only have the chance to discover this city for a couple hours after arrival before meeting with a monster that would end her trip early.  Social: TikTok @truecrimeexposedpodcast Instagram @truecrimeexpod Sources: Youtube- True Crime Investigation: Who Killed Kayo Matsuzawa? https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/a-moment-in-crime-operation-net-the-murder-of-kayo-matsuzawa/6KV6FHC67QDNNMAW3XCWASZQBE/ https://www.police.govt.nz/stolenwanted/coldcase/2019/kayo-matsuzawa-1998 Organization that YOU can get involved with: https://victimsupport.org.nz

As 14:14hrs da sexta feira dia 11 de Setembro de 1998, Kayo Matsuzawa foi vista saindo do ônibus que a levou do aeroporto de Auchland na Nova Zelândia ao centro da cidade. As 15:32, após ter feito check in no Albergue da Juventude, ela foi vista por cameras de segurança caminhando pela rua. Essa foi a última vez que a estudante japonesa foi vista viva. Até hoje seu assassinato é um mistério.

Please join our community, and help spread these stories Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NZMysteries/ Website: https://newzealandmissing.wordpress.com/ Podcast: https://anchor.fm/newzealandmysteries Email: nzmissing@gmail.com If you are able to support the channel to get better equipment and continue the fight for these victims and their families you can buy me a coffee! go to: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/nzmysteriesor Paypal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=NK5VDGRYE6ESYNZM 38-9010-0626032-04 Sources: https://matthewtaylor.co.nz/2018/09/11/kayo-matsuzawa-unsolved-murder/ https://www.police.govt.nz/stolenwanted/coldcase/2019/kayo-matsuzawa-1998 https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/police-have-new-suspect-in-japanese-tourists-cold-case-murder/OTQQPAGRE7CKLCUIA2NK4CVO2U/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/newzealandmysteries/message

Like so many young people at the time, 29-year-old Kayo Matsuzawa had traveled from Japan to Christchurch, New Zealand, with a dream of learning English and seeing the world. In September 1998, Kayo took her first trip to Auckland. Worried about traveling alone, Kayo invited her friend Naomi to Auckland, but when Naomi couldn't come, Kayo promised to send her a postcard. After 10 days, there was no postcard - Naomi knew that something had happened to Kayo.

We're talking about an unsolved mystery tonight, one that seems to have turned into a cold case since there appears to be very little new information. Kayo Matsuzawa was a bright, beautiful, friendly and adventurous 29 year old Japanese woman who travelled to study English in Christchurch, New Zealand. However, she met a tragic fate while sightseeing in Auckland city. Her body was found, naked and decomposing in a utility room in the local mall very shortly after she had landed and checked in to her hotel. This is another one of those cases where the answer feels right at your fingertips, but unfortunately for Kayo's family, it's still unsolved. Let's talk through the details.  Become a Serial Napper Patron @ https://www.patreon.com/serialnapper   

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Each species of our primate cousins is unique as it represents the outcome of independent evolution. Yet, humans appear to be a remarkable outlier as we have numerous characteristics so far un-described in any other primate. Why should this be? This symposium will address several important distinctly human "biologically enculturated" characteristics, both in relation to each other and in contrast to our evolutionary cousins, and will also help to organize how and in what sequence distinctly human physical, mental, social, and cultural features evolved. Series: "CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny" [Science] [Show ID: 36200]

Die Sendung mit der Ziege - Folge 20: Affen in OnsenHeute geht es mit mir nach Japan, wo ich 2015 selbst 3 Monate verbracht habe. Hier findet sich ein spannendes Phänomen aus Sicht der Verhaltensbiologie - Affen, die in Onsen baden. Wann haben sie damit angefangen und warum tun sie es? Nach dieser Folge wisst Ihr mehr :)Nehmt auch an meinem Gewinnspiel zur 20. Folge teil: Schickt mir einfach eine E-Mail an kontakt@madlenziege.com  und beantwortet mir bis zum 5.11.2020 folgende Frage: "Was ist ein Onsen?" Unter allen richtigen Einsendungen verlose ich in einer der kommenden Folgen mein Buch "Kein Schweigen im Walde" - viel Glück!Die Publikation zur Folge findet Ihr hier:Matsuzawa, T. Hot-spring bathing of wild monkeys in Shiga-Heights: origin and propagation of a cultural behavior. Primates 59, 209–213 (2018). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10329-018-0661-zWer die Affen live im Onsen sehen will, der klickt kier:https://www.jigokudani-yaenkoen.co.jp/livecam/monkey/index.htm------------ Website: https://www.madlenziege.com Email: kontakt@MadlenZiege.com

In this weeks episode Caitlin and TJ discuss Noah New Hope Night 4, 2AW Grand Slam, New Japan Cup Finals, New Japan Dominion & more. Plus news throughout the world of wrestling. One Wrestling Discord Follow the Pod: @onewrestlingpod Follow TJ: @aspir_ Follow Caitlin: @tickingtimeboss Follow PuroGate: @PuroGate Matches of the Week Kaori Yoneyama (w/Matsuzawa-san) vs. Miyako Matsumoto vs. Natsu Sumire - Makoto Produce 7/4 Hanako Nakamori, Riho & Syuri vs. ASUKA, Kaho Kobayashi & Makoto - Makoto Produce 7/4 HIROe vs. Miyuki Takase - Wave 7/1 Hikaru Sato & Shunsuke Sayama vs. Astronauts (Fuminori Abe & Takuya Nomura) - J Stage 7/5 Leo Isaka & Takahiro Katori vs. Gran MilliMeters (Daiki Shimomura & Nobuhiro Shimatani) - J Stage 7/5 Golden Ace (Hiroshi Tanahashi & Kota Ibushi) (c) vs. Dangerous Tekkers (Taichi & Zack Sabre Jr.) - NJPW 7/11 Daisuke Harada vs. Hao - Noah 7/12 Kaito Kiyomiya & Daiki Inaba vs Atsushi Kotoge & Seiki Yoshioka - Noah 7/12 Hokuto Omori vs Dan Tamura - AJPW 7/13 Classic Matches of the Week Takashi Sugiura vs Minoru Suzuki - Noah 9/19/2015

We are joined by Joshi Freelancer Makoto. The episode is dropping early because Makoto is promoting her self-produced show on July 4th on the Nico service. We wanted to provide her the opportunity to talk about the show and allow the listeners to watch it. The show is stacked with talent like Miyako Matsumoto, Syuri, Asuka, Tae Honma and many, many others. We also talk about her wrestling career, including which current WWE star knocked her teeth out. Matsuzawa-san makes an appearances on the show also. She always interferes in Makoto's events. Please have a listen! Watch the Makoto produced event here: https://sp.live.nicovideo.jp/watch/lv326515818 Makoto Contact https://twitter.com/makoto926 https://www.instagram.com/makochan926/ Matsuzawa-san Contact https://twitter.com/matsuzawa_desu The Joshi Pod Contact https://linktr.ee/thejoshipod https://www.instagram.com/dannyakg/ Music Provided By "The Joshi Pod Theme" Composer/Producer: Justin Knipper http://www.soundcloud.com/interbeingjmk https://twitter.com/justinmknipper “Miracle Hunter” Composer/Producer: Demetrius Stevens https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EnzRuWBabo Copyright 2012

When the body of a young Japanese woman was found in a hidden storage room in a building in Auckland’s CBD, police were stumped. Once they identified her, they learnt she was Kayo Matsuzawa, a 29-year-old English student who had worked and studied in Christchurch. She disappeared hours after she arrived for a weekend of sightseeing in Auckland. She was found eleven days later and her state of decomposition made it impossible to determine her cause of death. What happened to Kayo? If you have any information: Cold Case New Zealand (https://www.facebook.com/ColdCaseNZ) For pictures and more information, join us on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/evidencelockerpodcast/) Want to become a Patron of the podcast? Visit our page at Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/evidencelocker) For a full list of resources and credits visit Evidence Locker Website (http://evidencelockerpodcast.com/2020/03/30/90-the-mysterious-murder-of-kayo-matsuzawa-new-zealand) This True Crime Podcast was researched using open source or archive materials.

Kayo Matsuzawa's body was found stashed in a small cupboard in a building in Auckland's CDB in 1998. She was naked, she had been there for at least 10 days. And 21 years on - even in spite of a hefty $75,000 reward offered in 2007 - her killer has never been caught. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

为什么我们会喜欢带有节奏感的东西？所谓的“节奏感”又是一种什么样的感觉？今天这期节目，我们跟随节奏一起摆动吧！文案：冰枫后期：旭岽Reference[1]Alluri, V., Toiviainen, P., Jääskeläinen, I. P., Glerean, E., Sams, M., & Brattico, E. (2012). Large-scale brain networks emerge from dynamic processing of musical timbre, key and rhythm. Neuroimage, 59(4), 3677-3689.[2]Cross, I. (2001). Music, cognition, culture, and evolution. Annals of the New York Academy of sciences, 930(1), 28-42.[3][2]Gray, P. M., Krause, B., Atema, J., Payne, R., Krumhansl, C., & Baptista, L. (2001). The music of nature and the nature of music. Science, 291(5501), 52-54.[4]Hattori, Y., Tomonaga, M., & Matsuzawa, T. (2013). Spontaneous synchronized tapping to an auditory rhythm in a chimpanzee. Scientific reports, 3, 1566.[5]Levitin, D. J. (2006). This is your brain on music: The science of a human obsession. Penguin.[6]Levitin, D. J., & Tirovolas, A. K. (2009). Current advances in the cognitive neuroscience of music. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1156(1), 211-231.[7]Menon, V., & Levitin, D. J. (2005). The rewards of music listening: response and physiological connectivity of the mesolimbic system. Neuroimage, 28(1), 175-184.[8][7]Koelsch, S. (2010). Towards a neural basis of music-evoked emotions. Trends in cognitive sciences, 14(3), 131-137.[9][7]Schachner, A., Brady, T. F., Pepperberg, I. M., & Hauser, M. D. (2009). Spontaneous motor entrainment to music in multiple vocal mimicking species. Current Biology, 19(10), 831-836.

为什么我们会喜欢带有节奏感的东西？所谓的“节奏感”又是一种什么样的感觉？今天这期节目，我们跟随节奏一起摆动吧！文案：冰枫后期：旭岽Reference[1]Alluri, V., Toiviainen, P., Jääskeläinen, I. P., Glerean, E., Sams, M., & Brattico, E. (2012). Large-scale brain networks emerge from dynamic processing of musical timbre, key and rhythm. Neuroimage, 59(4), 3677-3689.[2]Cross, I. (2001). Music, cognition, culture, and evolution. Annals of the New York Academy of sciences, 930(1), 28-42.[3][2]Gray, P. M., Krause, B., Atema, J., Payne, R., Krumhansl, C., & Baptista, L. (2001). The music of nature and the nature of music. Science, 291(5501), 52-54.[4]Hattori, Y., Tomonaga, M., & Matsuzawa, T. (2013). Spontaneous synchronized tapping to an auditory rhythm in a chimpanzee. Scientific reports, 3, 1566.[5]Levitin, D. J. (2006). This is your brain on music: The science of a human obsession. Penguin.[6]Levitin, D. J., & Tirovolas, A. K. (2009). Current advances in the cognitive neuroscience of music. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1156(1), 211-231.[7]Menon, V., & Levitin, D. J. (2005). The rewards of music listening: response and physiological connectivity of the mesolimbic system. Neuroimage, 28(1), 175-184.[8][7]Koelsch, S. (2010). Towards a neural basis of music-evoked emotions. Trends in cognitive sciences, 14(3), 131-137.[9][7]Schachner, A., Brady, T. F., Pepperberg, I. M., & Hauser, M. D. (2009). Spontaneous motor entrainment to music in multiple vocal mimicking species. Current Biology, 19(10), 831-836.

Barbara Romanowicz Physique de l'intérieur de la terre Année 2018-2019 Les séismes profonds Bibliographie Cours no 3 - Séismes de profondeur intermédiaire et déshydratation de la croûte et de la lithosphère Brudzinski, M. R., C. H. Thurber, B. R. Hacker and E. R. Engdahl (2007) Global Prevalence of Double Benioff Zones, Science, 316, 1472-1474. Faccenda, M. (2014) Water in the slab: a trilogy, Tectonophys. 614, 1-30. Garth, T. and A. Riebrock (2017) Constraining the hydration of the subducting Nazca plate beneath northern Chile using subduction zone guided waves, Earth Planet. Sci. lett, 474, 237-247. Hacker, B., R., S. M. Peacock, G. A. Abers and S. D. Holloway (2003) Subduction factory. 2. Are intermediate-depth earthquakes in subducting slabs linked to metamorphic dehydration reactions? J. Geophys. Res., 108, B1, 2030. Kawakatsu, H. (1985) Double seismic zones in Tonga, Nature, 316, 53-55 Kawakatsu, H. and S. Watada (2008) Seismic Evidence for Deep-Water Transportation in the Mantle, Science, 316, 1468-1471. Kita, S., T. Okada, A. Hasegawa, J. Nakjima, T. Matsuzawa (2010) Existence of interplane earthquakes and neutral stress boundary between the upper and lower planes of the double seismic zone beneath Tohoku and Hokkaido in northeastern Japan, Tectonoph. 496, 68-92. Kirby, S., E. R. Engdahl, R. Denlinger (1996) Intermediate-Depth Intraslab Earthquakes and Arc Volcanismas physical expression of mantle metamorphism in subducting slabs (Overview), in "SUbduction Top to Bottom", AGU Monograph Series, edited by G. B. Bebout et al., AGU, Washington, D.C. Naif, S., K. Key, S. Constable, and R. L. Evans (2015) Water-rih bending faults at the Middle AMerica Trench, G-Cubed, 16, 2582-2597. Ranero, C. R., J. P. Morgan, K. McINtosh and C. Reichert (2003) Bending-related faulting and mantle serpentinization at the Middle America Trench, Nature 425, 367-373. Peacock, S. M. (2001) Are the lower planes of double seismic zones caused by serpentine dehydration in subducting oceanic mantle? Geology, 29, 299-302. Reynard, B. (2013) Serpentine in active subduction zones, Lithos, 178, 171-185. Rondenay, S., G. A. Abers and P. E. van Keken (2008) Seismic imaging of subduction zone metamorphism, Geology, 36, 275-278. Shillington, D. J., A. Becel., M. R. Nedimovic, H. Kuehn et al. (2015) Link between plate fabric, hydration and subduction zone seismicity in Alaska, Nat. Geosc., 8, 961- 964

Barbara Romanowicz Physique de l'intérieur de la terre Année 2018-2019 Les séismes profonds Bibliographie Cours no 3 - Séismes de profondeur intermédiaire et déshydratation de la croûte et de la lithosphère Brudzinski, M. R., C. H. Thurber, B. R. Hacker and E. R. Engdahl (2007) Global Prevalence of Double Benioff Zones, Science, 316, 1472-1474. Faccenda, M. (2014) Water in the slab: a trilogy, Tectonophys. 614, 1-30. Garth, T. and A. Riebrock (2017) Constraining the hydration of the subducting Nazca plate beneath northern Chile using subduction zone guided waves, Earth Planet. Sci. lett, 474, 237-247. Hacker, B., R., S. M. Peacock, G. A. Abers and S. D. Holloway (2003) Subduction factory. 2. Are intermediate-depth earthquakes in subducting slabs linked to metamorphic dehydration reactions? J. Geophys. Res., 108, B1, 2030. Kawakatsu, H. (1985) Double seismic zones in Tonga, Nature, 316, 53-55 Kawakatsu, H. and S. Watada (2008) Seismic Evidence for Deep-Water Transportation in the Mantle, Science, 316, 1468-1471. Kita, S., T. Okada, A. Hasegawa, J. Nakjima, T. Matsuzawa (2010) Existence of interplane earthquakes and neutral stress boundary between the upper and lower planes of the double seismic zone beneath Tohoku and Hokkaido in northeastern Japan, Tectonoph. 496, 68-92. Kirby, S., E. R. Engdahl, R. Denlinger (1996) Intermediate-Depth Intraslab Earthquakes and Arc Volcanismas physical expression of mantle metamorphism in subducting slabs (Overview), in "SUbduction Top to Bottom", AGU Monograph Series, edited by G. B. Bebout et al., AGU, Washington, D.C. Naif, S., K. Key, S. Constable, and R. L. Evans (2015) Water-rih bending faults at the Middle AMerica Trench, G-Cubed, 16, 2582-2597. Ranero, C. R., J. P. Morgan, K. McINtosh and C. Reichert (2003) Bending-related faulting and mantle serpentinization at the Middle America Trench, Nature 425, 367-373. Peacock, S. M. (2001) Are the lower planes of double seismic zones caused by serpentine dehydration in subducting oceanic mantle? Geology, 29, 299-302. Reynard, B. (2013) Serpentine in active subduction zones, Lithos, 178, 171-185. Rondenay, S., G. A. Abers and P. E. van Keken (2008) Seismic imaging of subduction zone metamorphism, Geology, 36, 275-278. Shillington, D. J., A. Becel., M. R. Nedimovic, H. Kuehn et al. (2015) Link between plate fabric, hydration and subduction zone seismicity in Alaska, Nat. Geosc., 8, 961- 964

Barbara Romanowicz Physique de l'intérieur de la terre Année 2018-2019 Les séismes profonds Bibliographie Cours no 3 - Séismes de profondeur intermédiaire et déshydratation de la croûte et de la lithosphère Brudzinski, M. R., C. H. Thurber, B. R. Hacker and E. R. Engdahl (2007) Global Prevalence of Double Benioff Zones, Science, 316, 1472-1474. Faccenda, M. (2014) Water in the slab: a trilogy, Tectonophys. 614, 1-30. Garth, T. and A. Riebrock (2017) Constraining the hydration of the subducting Nazca plate beneath northern Chile using subduction zone guided waves, Earth Planet. Sci. lett, 474, 237-247. Hacker, B., R., S. M. Peacock, G. A. Abers and S. D. Holloway (2003) Subduction factory. 2. Are intermediate-depth earthquakes in subducting slabs linked to metamorphic dehydration reactions? J. Geophys. Res., 108, B1, 2030. Kawakatsu, H. (1985) Double seismic zones in Tonga, Nature, 316, 53-55 Kawakatsu, H. and S. Watada (2008) Seismic Evidence for Deep-Water Transportation in the Mantle, Science, 316, 1468-1471. Kita, S., T. Okada, A. Hasegawa, J. Nakjima, T. Matsuzawa (2010) Existence of interplane earthquakes and neutral stress boundary between the upper and lower planes of the double seismic zone beneath Tohoku and Hokkaido in northeastern Japan, Tectonoph. 496, 68-92. Kirby, S., E. R. Engdahl, R. Denlinger (1996) Intermediate-Depth Intraslab Earthquakes and Arc Volcanismas physical expression of mantle metamorphism in subducting slabs (Overview), in "SUbduction Top to Bottom", AGU Monograph Series, edited by G. B. Bebout et al., AGU, Washington, D.C. Naif, S., K. Key, S. Constable, and R. L. Evans (2015) Water-rih bending faults at the Middle AMerica Trench, G-Cubed, 16, 2582-2597. Ranero, C. R., J. P. Morgan, K. McINtosh and C. Reichert (2003) Bending-related faulting and mantle serpentinization at the Middle America Trench, Nature 425, 367-373. Peacock, S. M. (2001) Are the lower planes of double seismic zones caused by serpentine dehydration in subducting oceanic mantle? Geology, 29, 299-302. Reynard, B. (2013) Serpentine in active subduction zones, Lithos, 178, 171-185. Rondenay, S., G. A. Abers and P. E. van Keken (2008) Seismic imaging of subduction zone metamorphism, Geology, 36, 275-278. Shillington, D. J., A. Becel., M. R. Nedimovic, H. Kuehn et al. (2015) Link between plate fabric, hydration and subduction zone seismicity in Alaska, Nat. Geosc., 8, 961- 964

Barbara Romanowicz Physique de l'intérieur de la terre Année 2018-2019 Les séismes profonds Bibliographie Cours no 3 - Séismes de profondeur intermédiaire et déshydratation de la croûte et de la lithosphère Brudzinski, M. R., C. H. Thurber, B. R. Hacker and E. R. Engdahl (2007) Global Prevalence of Double Benioff Zones, Science, 316, 1472-1474. Faccenda, M. (2014) Water in the slab: a trilogy, Tectonophys. 614, 1-30. Garth, T. and A. Riebrock (2017) Constraining the hydration of the subducting Nazca plate beneath northern Chile using subduction zone guided waves, Earth Planet. Sci. lett, 474, 237-247. Hacker, B., R., S. M. Peacock, G. A. Abers and S. D. Holloway (2003) Subduction factory. 2. Are intermediate-depth earthquakes in subducting slabs linked to metamorphic dehydration reactions? J. Geophys. Res., 108, B1, 2030. Kawakatsu, H. (1985) Double seismic zones in Tonga, Nature, 316, 53-55 Kawakatsu, H. and S. Watada (2008) Seismic Evidence for Deep-Water Transportation in the Mantle, Science, 316, 1468-1471. Kita, S., T. Okada, A. Hasegawa, J. Nakjima, T. Matsuzawa (2010) Existence of interplane earthquakes and neutral stress boundary between the upper and lower planes of the double seismic zone beneath Tohoku and Hokkaido in northeastern Japan, Tectonoph. 496, 68-92. Kirby, S., E. R. Engdahl, R. Denlinger (1996) Intermediate-Depth Intraslab Earthquakes and Arc Volcanismas physical expression of mantle metamorphism in subducting slabs (Overview), in "SUbduction Top to Bottom", AGU Monograph Series, edited by G. B. Bebout et al., AGU, Washington, D.C. Naif, S., K. Key, S. Constable, and R. L. Evans (2015) Water-rih bending faults at the Middle AMerica Trench, G-Cubed, 16, 2582-2597. Ranero, C. R., J. P. Morgan, K. McINtosh and C. Reichert (2003) Bending-related faulting and mantle serpentinization at the Middle America Trench, Nature 425, 367-373. Peacock, S. M. (2001) Are the lower planes of double seismic zones caused by serpentine dehydration in subducting oceanic mantle? Geology, 29, 299-302. Reynard, B. (2013) Serpentine in active subduction zones, Lithos, 178, 171-185. Rondenay, S., G. A. Abers and P. E. van Keken (2008) Seismic imaging of subduction zone metamorphism, Geology, 36, 275-278. Shillington, D. J., A. Becel., M. R. Nedimovic, H. Kuehn et al. (2015) Link between plate fabric, hydration and subduction zone seismicity in Alaska, Nat. Geosc., 8, 961- 964

Barbara Romanowicz Physique de l'intérieur de la terre Année 2018-2019 Les séismes profonds Bibliographie Cours no 3 - Séismes de profondeur intermédiaire et déshydratation de la croûte et de la lithosphère Brudzinski, M. R., C. H. Thurber, B. R. Hacker and E. R. Engdahl (2007) Global Prevalence of Double Benioff Zones, Science, 316, 1472-1474. Faccenda, M. (2014) Water in the slab: a trilogy, Tectonophys. 614, 1-30. Garth, T. and A. Riebrock (2017) Constraining the hydration of the subducting Nazca plate beneath northern Chile using subduction zone guided waves, Earth Planet. Sci. lett, 474, 237-247. Hacker, B., R., S. M. Peacock, G. A. Abers and S. D. Holloway (2003) Subduction factory. 2. Are intermediate-depth earthquakes in subducting slabs linked to metamorphic dehydration reactions? J. Geophys. Res., 108, B1, 2030. Kawakatsu, H. (1985) Double seismic zones in Tonga, Nature, 316, 53-55 Kawakatsu, H. and S. Watada (2008) Seismic Evidence for Deep-Water Transportation in the Mantle, Science, 316, 1468-1471. Kita, S., T. Okada, A. Hasegawa, J. Nakjima, T. Matsuzawa (2010) Existence of interplane earthquakes and neutral stress boundary between the upper and lower planes of the double seismic zone beneath Tohoku and Hokkaido in northeastern Japan, Tectonoph. 496, 68-92. Kirby, S., E. R. Engdahl, R. Denlinger (1996) Intermediate-Depth Intraslab Earthquakes and Arc Volcanismas physical expression of mantle metamorphism in subducting slabs (Overview), in "SUbduction Top to Bottom", AGU Monograph Series, edited by G. B. Bebout et al., AGU, Washington, D.C. Naif, S., K. Key, S. Constable, and R. L. Evans (2015) Water-rih bending faults at the Middle AMerica Trench, G-Cubed, 16, 2582-2597. Ranero, C. R., J. P. Morgan, K. McINtosh and C. Reichert (2003) Bending-related faulting and mantle serpentinization at the Middle America Trench, Nature 425, 367-373. Peacock, S. M. (2001) Are the lower planes of double seismic zones caused by serpentine dehydration in subducting oceanic mantle? Geology, 29, 299-302. Reynard, B. (2013) Serpentine in active subduction zones, Lithos, 178, 171-185. Rondenay, S., G. A. Abers and P. E. van Keken (2008) Seismic imaging of subduction zone metamorphism, Geology, 36, 275-278. Shillington, D. J., A. Becel., M. R. Nedimovic, H. Kuehn et al. (2015) Link between plate fabric, hydration and subduction zone seismicity in Alaska, Nat. Geosc., 8, 961- 964

Barbara Romanowicz Physique de l'intérieur de la terre Année 2018-2019 Les séismes profonds Bibliographie Cours no 3 - Séismes de profondeur intermédiaire et déshydratation de la croûte et de la lithosphère Brudzinski, M. R., C. H. Thurber, B. R. Hacker and E. R. Engdahl (2007) Global Prevalence of Double Benioff Zones, Science, 316, 1472-1474. Faccenda, M. (2014) Water in the slab: a trilogy, Tectonophys. 614, 1-30. Garth, T. and A. Riebrock (2017) Constraining the hydration of the subducting Nazca plate beneath northern Chile using subduction zone guided waves, Earth Planet. Sci. lett, 474, 237-247. Hacker, B., R., S. M. Peacock, G. A. Abers and S. D. Holloway (2003) Subduction factory. 2. Are intermediate-depth earthquakes in subducting slabs linked to metamorphic dehydration reactions? J. Geophys. Res., 108, B1, 2030. Kawakatsu, H. (1985) Double seismic zones in Tonga, Nature, 316, 53-55 Kawakatsu, H. and S. Watada (2008) Seismic Evidence for Deep-Water Transportation in the Mantle, Science, 316, 1468-1471. Kita, S., T. Okada, A. Hasegawa, J. Nakjima, T. Matsuzawa (2010) Existence of interplane earthquakes and neutral stress boundary between the upper and lower planes of the double seismic zone beneath Tohoku and Hokkaido in northeastern Japan, Tectonoph. 496, 68-92. Kirby, S., E. R. Engdahl, R. Denlinger (1996) Intermediate-Depth Intraslab Earthquakes and Arc Volcanismas physical expression of mantle metamorphism in subducting slabs (Overview), in "SUbduction Top to Bottom", AGU Monograph Series, edited by G. B. Bebout et al., AGU, Washington, D.C. Naif, S., K. Key, S. Constable, and R. L. Evans (2015) Water-rih bending faults at the Middle AMerica Trench, G-Cubed, 16, 2582-2597. Ranero, C. R., J. P. Morgan, K. McINtosh and C. Reichert (2003) Bending-related faulting and mantle serpentinization at the Middle America Trench, Nature 425, 367-373. Peacock, S. M. (2001) Are the lower planes of double seismic zones caused by serpentine dehydration in subducting oceanic mantle? Geology, 29, 299-302. Reynard, B. (2013) Serpentine in active subduction zones, Lithos, 178, 171-185. Rondenay, S., G. A. Abers and P. E. van Keken (2008) Seismic imaging of subduction zone metamorphism, Geology, 36, 275-278. Shillington, D. J., A. Becel., M. R. Nedimovic, H. Kuehn et al. (2015) Link between plate fabric, hydration and subduction zone seismicity in Alaska, Nat. Geosc., 8, 961- 964

Barbara Romanowicz Physique de l'intérieur de la terre Année 2018-2019 Les séismes profonds Bibliographie Cours no 3 - Séismes de profondeur intermédiaire et déshydratation de la croûte et de la lithosphère Brudzinski, M. R., C. H. Thurber, B. R. Hacker and E. R. Engdahl (2007) Global Prevalence of Double Benioff Zones, Science, 316, 1472-1474. Faccenda, M. (2014) Water in the slab: a trilogy, Tectonophys. 614, 1-30. Garth, T. and A. Riebrock (2017) Constraining the hydration of the subducting Nazca plate beneath northern Chile using subduction zone guided waves, Earth Planet. Sci. lett, 474, 237-247. Hacker, B., R., S. M. Peacock, G. A. Abers and S. D. Holloway (2003) Subduction factory. 2. Are intermediate-depth earthquakes in subducting slabs linked to metamorphic dehydration reactions? J. Geophys. Res., 108, B1, 2030. Kawakatsu, H. (1985) Double seismic zones in Tonga, Nature, 316, 53-55 Kawakatsu, H. and S. Watada (2008) Seismic Evidence for Deep-Water Transportation in the Mantle, Science, 316, 1468-1471. Kita, S., T. Okada, A. Hasegawa, J. Nakjima, T. Matsuzawa (2010) Existence of interplane earthquakes and neutral stress boundary between the upper and lower planes of the double seismic zone beneath Tohoku and Hokkaido in northeastern Japan, Tectonoph. 496, 68-92. Kirby, S., E. R. Engdahl, R. Denlinger (1996) Intermediate-Depth Intraslab Earthquakes and Arc Volcanismas physical expression of mantle metamorphism in subducting slabs (Overview), in "SUbduction Top to Bottom", AGU Monograph Series, edited by G. B. Bebout et al., AGU, Washington, D.C. Naif, S., K. Key, S. Constable, and R. L. Evans (2015) Water-rih bending faults at the Middle AMerica Trench, G-Cubed, 16, 2582-2597. Ranero, C. R., J. P. Morgan, K. McINtosh and C. Reichert (2003) Bending-related faulting and mantle serpentinization at the Middle America Trench, Nature 425, 367-373. Peacock, S. M. (2001) Are the lower planes of double seismic zones caused by serpentine dehydration in subducting oceanic mantle? Geology, 29, 299-302. Reynard, B. (2013) Serpentine in active subduction zones, Lithos, 178, 171-185. Rondenay, S., G. A. Abers and P. E. van Keken (2008) Seismic imaging of subduction zone metamorphism, Geology, 36, 275-278. Shillington, D. J., A. Becel., M. R. Nedimovic, H. Kuehn et al. (2015) Link between plate fabric, hydration and subduction zone seismicity in Alaska, Nat. Geosc., 8, 961- 964

Barbara Romanowicz Physique de l'intérieur de la terre Année 2018-2019 Les séismes profonds Bibliographie Cours no 3 - Séismes de profondeur intermédiaire et déshydratation de la croûte et de la lithosphère Brudzinski, M. R., C. H. Thurber, B. R. Hacker and E. R. Engdahl (2007) Global Prevalence of Double Benioff Zones, Science, 316, 1472-1474. Faccenda, M. (2014) Water in the slab: a trilogy, Tectonophys. 614, 1-30. Garth, T. and A. Riebrock (2017) Constraining the hydration of the subducting Nazca plate beneath northern Chile using subduction zone guided waves, Earth Planet. Sci. lett, 474, 237-247. Hacker, B., R., S. M. Peacock, G. A. Abers and S. D. Holloway (2003) Subduction factory. 2. Are intermediate-depth earthquakes in subducting slabs linked to metamorphic dehydration reactions? J. Geophys. Res., 108, B1, 2030. Kawakatsu, H. (1985) Double seismic zones in Tonga, Nature, 316, 53-55 Kawakatsu, H. and S. Watada (2008) Seismic Evidence for Deep-Water Transportation in the Mantle, Science, 316, 1468-1471. Kita, S., T. Okada, A. Hasegawa, J. Nakjima, T. Matsuzawa (2010) Existence of interplane earthquakes and neutral stress boundary between the upper and lower planes of the double seismic zone beneath Tohoku and Hokkaido in northeastern Japan, Tectonoph. 496, 68-92. Kirby, S., E. R. Engdahl, R. Denlinger (1996) Intermediate-Depth Intraslab Earthquakes and Arc Volcanismas physical expression of mantle metamorphism in subducting slabs (Overview), in "SUbduction Top to Bottom", AGU Monograph Series, edited by G. B. Bebout et al., AGU, Washington, D.C. Naif, S., K. Key, S. Constable, and R. L. Evans (2015) Water-rih bending faults at the Middle AMerica Trench, G-Cubed, 16, 2582-2597. Ranero, C. R., J. P. Morgan, K. McINtosh and C. Reichert (2003) Bending-related faulting and mantle serpentinization at the Middle America Trench, Nature 425, 367-373. Peacock, S. M. (2001) Are the lower planes of double seismic zones caused by serpentine dehydration in subducting oceanic mantle? Geology, 29, 299-302. Reynard, B. (2013) Serpentine in active subduction zones, Lithos, 178, 171-185. Rondenay, S., G. A. Abers and P. E. van Keken (2008) Seismic imaging of subduction zone metamorphism, Geology, 36, 275-278. Shillington, D. J., A. Becel., M. R. Nedimovic, H. Kuehn et al. (2015) Link between plate fabric, hydration and subduction zone seismicity in Alaska, Nat. Geosc., 8, 961- 964

A finales de los setenta, la empresa familiar del padre de Sagawa ya había recuperado el poderío económico perdido en la guerra e Issei había disfrutado de una juventud bastante cómoda. Era un tipo inteligente y se había licenciado en literatura, aparte de ser todo un experto y amante del arte en casi todas sus variantes. Su padre se puso más que contento cuando Issei le dijo que quería continuar con sus estudios en la Sorbona, y no dudó en financiarle todos los proyectos. De este modo, el joven Issei adquiriría excelentes conocimientos para heredar y dirigir la empresa familiar a su vuelta. De este modo, a finales de los setenta Issei se matricula en Literatura comparada en la universidad parisina y por fin cumple su sueño de verse rodeado de esas pieles casi etéreas con las que ha soñado durante treinta años. Su gozo es tremendo, pero ahora que las tiene tan cerca necesita algo más, necesita tocarlas, olerlas… mmmm… quizás saborearlas con el mismo deleite con el que saborea su preciado sushi. Y como caída del cielo, en 1981 conoce a Rennée Hartevelt, una joven Holandesa que cuadra perfectamente con su perfil. Alta, ojos claros, rubia, esbelta y con la piel más blanca y tersa que jamás ha visto. De tan solo imaginar el roce de su piel a Issei se le disparan sus más perversos sueños. Rennée es una estudiante abierta y vanguardista, hace poco que ha llegado a París y no conoce a mucha gente. La joven encuentra en Sagawa a un amigo ideal, pues ambos comparten el mismo amor por el arte y la literatura. Durante unos meses, no queda teatro, parque o exposición que ambos no visiten en compañía, incluso en alguna ocasión se les ve bailar en alguna famosa sala parisina. Hasta que una noche, Issei decide ir un poco más allá e invita a Rennée a cenar en su casa. Sushi, un poco de buen vino… música de fondo. El escenario está preparado para que Issei pueda acariciar por primera vez su piel soñada y, en mitad de la cena, con la escusa de ir a por un poco más de vino va hasta la cocina y retorna con una pistola y, sin pensarlo dos veces, apunta al largo cuello de Rennée y la mata de un certero disparo. ¡Por fin! El cuerpo desnudo de la joven holandesa yace en el suelo ante Issei, que lo contempla totalmente extasiado. Pero éste no tiene ninguna apetencia sexual ante tan bello cuerpo, más bien, su apetencia es gastronómica. Sin prisas, analiza todas las zonas del cuerpo y al final se decide por la cadera derecha… no sabe muy bien por qué, pero le parece la zona más apetecible en ese momento. Aquí comienza el episodio más cruel de esta historia, Sagawa se lanza enloquecido hacia su segundo plato de la noche asestándole un tremendo bocado en la cadera, pero vaya, la falta de experiencia casi le hace dejarse algún diente en el intento. Tras el esfuerzo, tan apenas ha dejado unas marcas en la piel de Rennée. Analizando la situación, vuelve a la cocina y busca su mejor cuchillo. Ahora sí, lentamente va cortando pequeños trozos de carne que va comiendo con total placer y deleite. El mismo escribiría tiempo atrás en sus memorias: “la carne se deshacía en mi boca, como el sushi. Nunca pude pensar que esto fuera tan exquisito”. Sin prisa, va cortando y comiéndose a su buena amiga hasta que ya no puede más y decide dejar el resto para más tarde. Durante varios días, el caníbal japonés se alimentaría casi exclusivamente del cuerpo de la holandesa hasta que considera que ya ha terminado con todas las zonas comestibles. Introduce los restos que han quedado en un par de viejas maletas y busca un lugar donde deshacerse de ellas. Por la noche se dirige a un lago existente en los bosques de Bolonia, lugar verde de paseo y esparcimiento para los parisinos, y allí, lanza las dos maletas sin que nadie lo vea. Pero el lago tiene una profundidad demasiado escasa y, a los pocos días, una pareja que pasea por el lugar encuentra las maquiavélicas valijas, al ver que de una de ellas sobresalía una mano y un pie, avisan horrorizados a los gendarmes rápidamente. La policía no tarda mucho en cerrar el círculo de sospechosos del salvaje crimen, y cuando se presentan en casa de Issai, éste lo confiesa absolutamente todo con total frialdad. A partir de aquí, se encadenan una serie de acontecimientos sin mucho sentido. Primero, tras la supervisión de tres psicólogos, Sagawa es tomado como demente y juzgado como tal, internándolo en la institución Paul Guiraud de París. “La estancia en aquel lugar fue horrible, allí estaban todos locos”, confesaría Sagawa. El nunca se consideró loco ni se hizo pasar por ello, sus actos siempre fueron voluntarios y en estado de total conciencia y lucidez. Pasados unos meses, el segundo sin sentido del caso, Issei contrae una enfermedad, que no es más que una inflamación intestinal y que es diagnosticada por los médicos, ni más ni menos que como una encefalitis avanzada. El veredicto del equipo médico le vaticina unas pocas semanas de vida. El padre de Issei, hombre poderoso y con muchas influencias, consigue que el caníbal moribundo sea trasladado a Tokio, allí continuará recluido en una institución psiquiátrica de alta seguridad, pero por lo menos, morirá en tierra japonesa. El gobierno francés no se opone al traslado, pues al fin y al cabo, quedándole pocas semanas de vida, lo ven como un simple adelanto del trayecto. De modo que Issei es trasladado al hospital Matsuzawa de Tokio. Y claro, como era de esperar, no muere. Ahora, el caníbal confeso se encuentra en una situación insólita, pues en Japón no tiene ninguna causa pendiente y en Francia se han retirado todas las causas contra él ante su inminente muerte. Tras tan solo cinco años de cautiverio, Issei Sagawa está libre de toda culpa y queda en total libertad. El caso de este hombre recorrió todos los rincones de Japón, pues él mismo nunca escatimó en ningún detalle de lo sucedido. Para él, comerse a Rennée fue el sumun del placer que un humano puede conseguir en la vida. Pasados unos meses, el segundo sin sentido del caso, Issei contrae una enfermedad, que no es más que una inflamación intestinal y que es diagnosticada por los médicos, ni más ni menos que como una encefalitis avanzada. El veredicto del equipo médico le vaticina unas pocas semanas de vida. El padre de Issei, hombre poderoso y con muchas influencias, consigue que el caníbal moribundo sea trasladado a Tokio, allí continuará recluido en una institución psiquiátrica de alta seguridad, pero por lo menos, morirá en tierra japonesa. El gobierno francés no se opone al traslado, pues al fin y al cabo, quedándole pocas semanas de vida, lo ven como un simple adelanto del trayecto. De modo que Issei es trasladado al hospital Matsuzawa de Tokio. Y claro, como era de esperar, no muere. Ahora, el caníbal confeso se encuentra en una situación insólita, pues en Japón no tiene ninguna causa pendiente y en Francia se han retirado todas las causas contra él ante su inminente muerte. Tras tan solo cinco años de cautiverio, Issei Sagawa está libre de toda culpa y queda en total libertad. El caso de este hombre recorrió todos los rincones de Japón, pues él mismo nunca escatimó en ningún detalle de lo sucedido. Para él, comerse a Rennée fue el sumun del placer que un humano puede conseguir en la vida. Sagawa ha publicado muchos más libros desde entonces, todos ellos relacionados con el canibalismo y en cierto modo, haciendo una clara apología de él. Todos ellos se han convertido en auténticos Best Sellers a nivel mundial. El más conocido “Me la comí por fetichismo”, es otra obra detallada de los sucesos descritos. En Japón está tratado como un escritor excepcional y, tras casi treinta años de aquellos sucesos, todavía sigue ganándose la vida gracias a ellos. Tambien expone sus obras pictóricas, en las cuales suele mostrar mujeres de piel blanca y cuerpos voluptuosos, y es un contertulio común en diferentes programas de televisión. Sagawa atribuye todos sus actos a aquellas pesadillas que le atormentaron de pequeño y que, como él relata, le llevaron a comerse a Rennée de modo casi obligatorio. Personalmente, lo de las pesadillas me parecen un cuento chino, o más bien, una fábula japonesa. Pero tras conocer la historia de este psicópata mediático, lo que más miedo me da es la reacción de la sociedad japonesa ante todo lo sucedido, sin guardar el más mínimo respeto por la familia de la joven Rennée Hartevelt, que tuvo que sufrir por triplicado; primero la muerte de un modo tan horrendo de su hija, segundo, la incompetencia de las autoridades francesas dejando marchar a este asesino y, tercero, ver al asesino de su hija tratado como un héroe nacional y relatando con pelos y señales y en todos los medios posibles, tan dolorosos recuerdos. Por lo menos, lo único que cabe esperar es que no aparezca ningún fan de Sagawa dispuesto a seguir los mismos pasos del afamado caníbal. De todos es sabido que los japoneses son bastante dados a las copias y, a ser posible, mejoradas.