Podcasts about B1

Kaffee trinken für die Gesundheit – Eine neue Studie aus Harvard zeigt: Regelmäßiger Kaffeekonsum scheint bei Frauen das Risiko bestimmter Alterserkrankungen zu verringern. Ein Wundermittel ist das koffeinhaltige Getränk deshalb aber nicht.

Take our free English fluency quiz. Find out if your level is B1, B2, or C1.  Do you love Business English?  Try our other podcasts: All Ears English Podcast: We focus on Connection NOT Perfection when it comes to learning English. This podcast is perfect for listeners at the intermediate or advanced level. This is an award-winning podcast with more 4 million monthly downloads. IELTS Energy Podcast: Learn IELTS from a former Examiner and achieve your Band 7 or higher, featuring Jessica Beck and Aubrey Carter Visit our website here or https://lnk.to/website-sn Send your English question or episode topic idea to support@allearsenglish.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

World news in 7 minutes. Thursday 19th June 2025.Today: Britain abortion vote. Austria gun control. Portugal new government. Kenya officer arrested. Nigeria US deals. Thailand coalition. Bali volcano. Iran US statement. Mexico hurricane Erick. Colombia labour reform. Chile Sculptor galaxy.With Juliet MartinSEND7 is supported by our amazing listeners like you.Our supporters get access to the transcripts written by us every day.Our supporters get access to an English worksheet made by us once per week. Our supporters get access to our weekly news quiz made by us once per week. We give 10% of our profit to Effective Altruism charities. You can become a supporter at send7.org/supportContact us at podcast@send7.org or send an audio message at speakpipe.com/send7Please leave a rating on Apple podcasts or Spotify.We don't use AI! Every word is written and recorded by us!Since 2020, SEND7 (Simple English News Daily in 7 minutes) has been telling the most important world news stories in intermediate English. Every day, listen to the most important stories from every part of the world in slow, clear English. Whether you are an intermediate learner trying to improve your advanced, technical and business English, or if you are a native speaker who just wants to hear a summary of world news as fast as possible, join Stephen Devincenzi, Ben Mallett and Juliet Martin every morning. Transcripts, worksheets and our weekly world news quiz are available for our amazing supporters at send7.org. Simple English News Daily is the perfect way to start your day, by practising your listening skills and understanding complicated stories in a simple way. It is also highly valuable for IELTS and TOEFL students. Students, teachers, TEFL teachers, and people with English as a second language, tell us that they use SEND7 because they can learn English through hard topics, but simple grammar. We believe that the best way to improve your spoken English is to immerse yourself in real-life content, such as what our podcast provides. SEND7 covers all news including politics, business, natural events and human rights. Whether it is happening in Europe, Africa, Asia, the Americas or Oceania, you will hear it on SEND7, and you will understand it.For more information visit send7.org/contact or send an email to podcast@send7.org

Trotz Rückgang: Kinderarbeit bleibt ein Problem – Weltweit arbeiten weniger Kinder, doch das Ziel, Kinderarbeit abzuschaffen, ist lange noch nicht erreicht. Vor allem in Afrika ändert sich wenig – dort müssen viele Kinder weiter unter gefährlichen Bedingungen arbeiten.

Take our free English fluency quiz. Find out if your level is B1, B2, or C1.  Do you love Business English?  Try our other podcasts: All Ears English Podcast: We focus on Connection NOT Perfection when it comes to learning English. This podcast is perfect for listeners at the intermediate or advanced level. This is an award-winning podcast with more 4 million monthly downloads. IELTS Energy Podcast: Learn IELTS from a former Examiner and achieve your Band 7 or higher, featuring Jessica Beck and Aubrey Carter Visit our website here or https://lnk.to/website-sn Send your English question or episode topic idea to support@allearsenglish.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Story at-a-glance Despite limited scientific evidence supporting vitamin B1 as a mosquito repellent, many people report fewer bites when taking it. As a water-soluble vitamin with minimal risk, there's no harm in trying it Essential oils from Russian sage, tangerine peel and wild mint have demonstrated strong mosquito-repelling capabilities in studies, with Russian sage matching DEET's effectiveness for up to 135 minutes Traditional remedies like oils from Hatkora fruit and Anchiri root provide impressive protection lasting over six hours; this makes them viable natural alternatives to chemical repellents Eliminating standing water around your home is key for mosquito control, as these insects need water to breed and typically don't travel far from their hatching sites Natural mosquito control strategies include wearing light-colored clothing, installing bat houses and planting repellent herbs like citronella, lavender and marigold near entryways

今週のゲストは、元校長先生の田中幹也さんです。田中さんは、和歌山県出身。十勝管内で校長先生をされ、長年教育に携わり、この春ご退職。十勝在住の消費者であり、長年教育に携わってきた視点から見る農業や酪農のこと、またこれからの挑戦（四国八十八か所のお遍路の旅など）についてのお話を伺います。①4/19→前半はマドリンさんと田中さんが出会ったお店、登別の学校勤務時に大黒摩季さんが校歌を制作、後半はマドリンは十勝の子供たちに農業、酪農の仕事を目指したいと思ってほしい、田中さんが受講するとかち熱中小学校で感じたこと等伺っています。マドリンさんと田中さんが出会ったお店、酒処ロック（帯広市西3条南10丁目5 スリーテンみさきビル B1）のインスタ↓https://www.instagram.com/sakedokoro_rock?igsh=bWxmZGcxb3dnd2s5②4/26→前半は4月中旬から、四国お遍路へチャレンジする理由、十勝の管内のお寺で座禅をやっていること、後半はお遍路から帰ってきたら何するの？道中、SNSやブログで発信していくこと等について伺っています。③6/14→（収録時、今年4月上旬の内容です）前半は、今後色んな人たちと交流できる仕事をしてみたい、マドリンの高校時代の先生との不思議なエピソード、後半は、リクエスト曲、今日の一文字を伺っています

Listen to the All Ears English Podcast.⁠ Join more than 200,000 regular listens and find out how to focus on Connection NOT Perfection. Get five fresh and fun episodes per week. Take our free English fluency quiz. Find out if your level is B1, B2, or C1.  Do you love Business English?  Try our other podcasts: All Ears English Podcast: We focus on Connection NOT Perfection when it comes to learning English. This podcast is perfect for listeners at the intermediate or advanced level. This is an award-winning podcast with more 4 million monthly downloads. IELTS Energy Podcast: Learn IELTS from a former Examiner and achieve your Band 7 or higher, featuring Jessica Beck and Aubrey Carter Visit our website here or https://lnk.to/website-sn Send your English question or episode topic idea to support@allearsenglish.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

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六月好女人的情場攻略社團抽書活動：https://www.facebook.com/groups/675723526494060 ⭐️《高能量溝通》購書連結 ⭐️ 博客來網路書店：https://reurl.cc/knnayL 誠品線上：https://reurl.cc/Z44yNM momo購物網：https://reurl.cc/9DDR3d 金石堂網路書店：https://reurl.cc/M33yW3 讀冊生活網路書店：https://reurl.cc/lzz7pj 書名：《高能量溝通：聽得懂‧想得通‧說得好，3步驟讓你的影響力翻倍》 「新書分享會場次」 台北場（與會嘉賓：愛瑞克） 6/14(六) 14:00 - 15:00 誠品書店 松菸店 3樓Forum 免費報名連結：https://www.accupass.com/event/2504221325259545834590 台中場：6/15(日) 14:30 - 15:30 誠品書店 市政店 5樓 免費報名連結：https://www.accupass.com/event/2504221331231798679290 新竹場：6/22(日) 14:30 - 15:30 誠品書店 巨城店 5樓 免費報名連結：https://www.accupass.com/event/2504221335292001303488 台南場：7/12(六) 13:00 - 14:30 政大書城 台南店 B1 免費報名連結：https://www.accupass.com/event/2504221341243955516220 《高能量溝通工作坊》 三步驟，讓你一句話就打動人心、翻倍影響力！

⁠Listen to the All Ears English Podcast.⁠ Join more than 200,000 regular listens and find out how to focus on Connection NOT Perfection. Get five fresh and fun episodes per week. Take our free English fluency quiz. Find out if your level is B1, B2, or C1.  Do you love Business English?  Try our other podcasts: All Ears English Podcast: We focus on Connection NOT Perfection when it comes to learning English. This podcast is perfect for listeners at the intermediate or advanced level. This is an award-winning podcast with more 4 million monthly downloads. IELTS Energy Podcast: Learn IELTS from a former Examiner and achieve your Band 7 or higher, featuring Jessica Beck and Aubrey Carter Visit our website here or https://lnk.to/website-sn Send your English question or episode topic idea to support@allearsenglish.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

World news in 7 minutes. Thursday 12th June 2025.Today: S Korea broadcasts suspended. Philippines Duterte trial. Australia IVF mix-up. S Africa flood deaths. Kenya blogger death. Britain spending review. Poland confidence vote. Portugal neo-Nazi. US-China trade deal. UN Haiti displacement. Mongolia new dinosaur.With Juliet MartinSEND7 is supported by our amazing listeners like you.Our supporters get access to the transcripts written by us every day.Our supporters get access to an English worksheet made by us once per week. Our supporters get access to our weekly news quiz made by us once per week. We give 10% of our profit to Effective Altruism charities. You can become a supporter at send7.org/supportContact us at podcast@send7.org or send an audio message at speakpipe.com/send7Please leave a rating on Apple podcasts or Spotify.We don't use AI! Every word is written and recorded by us!Since 2020, SEND7 (Simple English News Daily in 7 minutes) has been telling the most important world news stories in intermediate English. Every day, listen to the most important stories from every part of the world in slow, clear English. Whether you are an intermediate learner trying to improve your advanced, technical and business English, or if you are a native speaker who just wants to hear a summary of world news as fast as possible, join Stephen Devincenzi, Ben Mallett and Juliet Martin every morning. Transcripts, worksheets and our weekly world news quiz are available for our amazing supporters at send7.org. Simple English News Daily is the perfect way to start your day, by practising your listening skills and understanding complicated stories in a simple way. It is also highly valuable for IELTS and TOEFL students. Students, teachers, TEFL teachers, and people with English as a second language, tell us that they use SEND7 because they can learn English through hard topics, but simple grammar. We believe that the best way to improve your spoken English is to immerse yourself in real-life content, such as what our podcast provides. SEND7 covers all news including politics, business, natural events and human rights. Whether it is happening in Europe, Africa, Asia, the Americas or Oceania, you will hear it on SEND7, and you will understand it.For more information visit send7.org/contact or send an email to podcast@send7.org

六月好女人的情場攻略社團抽書活動：https://www.facebook.com/groups/675723526494060 ⭐️《高能量溝通》購書連結 ⭐️ 博客來網路書店：https://reurl.cc/knnayL 誠品線上：https://reurl.cc/Z44yNM momo購物網：https://reurl.cc/9DDR3d 金石堂網路書店：https://reurl.cc/M33yW3 讀冊生活網路書店：https://reurl.cc/lzz7pj 書名：《高能量溝通：聽得懂‧想得通‧說得好，3步驟讓你的影響力翻倍》 「新書分享會場次」 台北場（與會嘉賓：愛瑞克） 6/14(六) 14:00 - 15:00 誠品書店 松菸店 3樓Forum 免費報名連結：https://www.accupass.com/event/2504221325259545834590 台中場：6/15(日) 14:30 - 15:30 誠品書店 市政店 5樓 免費報名連結：https://www.accupass.com/event/2504221331231798679290 新竹場：6/22(日) 14:30 - 15:30 誠品書店 巨城店 5樓 免費報名連結：https://www.accupass.com/event/2504221335292001303488 台南場：7/12(六) 13:00 - 14:30 政大書城 台南店 B1 免費報名連結：https://www.accupass.com/event/2504221341243955516220 《高能量溝通工作坊》 三步驟，讓你一句話就打動人心、翻倍影響力！

Wie Europas Museen attraktiv bleiben – Viele Museen in Europa müssen saniert werden: Die Gebäude sind alt. Das Klima setzt ihnen zu. Und es gibt weitere Herausforderungen, die überwunden werden müssen, damit Museen auch in Zukunft gern besucht werden.

Listen to the All Ears English Podcast. Join more than 200,000 regular listens and find out how to focus on Connection NOT Perfection. Get five fresh and fun episodes per week. Take our free English fluency quiz. Find out if your level is B1, B2, or C1.  Do you love Business English?  Try our other podcasts: All Ears English Podcast: We focus on Connection NOT Perfection when it comes to learning English. This podcast is perfect for listeners at the intermediate or advanced level. This is an award-winning podcast with more 4 million monthly downloads. IELTS Energy Podcast: Learn IELTS from a former Examiner and achieve your Band 7 or higher, featuring Jessica Beck and Aubrey Carter Visit our website here or https://lnk.to/website-sn Send your English question or episode topic idea to support@allearsenglish.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

六月好女人的情場攻略社團抽書活動：https://www.facebook.com/groups/675723526494060 ⭐️《高能量溝通》購書連結 ⭐️ 博客來網路書店：https://reurl.cc/knnayL 誠品線上：https://reurl.cc/Z44yNM momo購物網：https://reurl.cc/9DDR3d 金石堂網路書店：https://reurl.cc/M33yW3 讀冊生活網路書店：https://reurl.cc/lzz7pj 書名：《高能量溝通：聽得懂‧想得通‧說得好，3步驟讓你的影響力翻倍》 「新書分享會場次」 台北場（與會嘉賓：愛瑞克） 6/14(六) 14:00 - 15:00 誠品書店 松菸店 3樓Forum 免費報名連結：https://www.accupass.com/event/2504221325259545834590 台中場：6/15(日) 14:30 - 15:30 誠品書店 市政店 5樓 免費報名連結：https://www.accupass.com/event/2504221331231798679290 新竹場：6/22(日) 14:30 - 15:30 誠品書店 巨城店 5樓 免費報名連結：https://www.accupass.com/event/2504221335292001303488 台南場：7/12(六) 13:00 - 14:30 政大書城 台南店 B1 免費報名連結：https://www.accupass.com/event/2504221341243955516220 《高能量溝通工作坊》 三步驟，讓你一句話就打動人心、翻倍影響力！

Join us for a powerful and insightful conversation recorded live from the historic Black Wall Street, where we sit down with Cheryl Poe, a leading education expert and founder of Advocating 4 Kids, Inc. Cheryl dives deep into the critical intersection of neurodivergence, education, and racial equity, exploring the unique challenges and incredible resilience of Black and Brown neurodivergent children. We tackle the dynamics of the current administration's education policies, their impact on special education and DEI initiatives, and how these shifts affect families navigating the system. Discover how the spirit of Black Wall Street continues to inspire advocacy, and what concrete steps are needed to ensure equitable support for all neurodivergent students. This episode is a must-listen for parents, educators, advocates, and anyone passionate about inclusive education and social justice.Interested in sponsoring the podcast? Want to contact Blair orBrian or Black BRAND? Info@BlackBRAND.biz . The Black WallStreet Today (BWST) radio show is focused on all things Black entrepreneurshipand hosted by Virginia Tech alumnae Blair Durham, co-founder and co-Presidentof Black BRAND. The BWST podcast is produced by using selected audio from theradio show and other Black BRAND events. BWST is the media outlet for BlackBRAND. Black BRAND is a 501(c)(3) organization that stands for BusinessResearch Analytics Networking and Development. We are Hampton Roads RegionalBlack Chamber of Commerce. We promote group economics through professionaldevelopment and community empowerment, and we unify the black dollar byproviding financial literacy, entrepreneurship training, and networkingresources!   http://blackbrand.biz  m.me/blackwallstreettoday  +  info@blackbrand.biz  +  (757) 541-2680 Instagram: www.instagram.com/blackbrandbiz/ + Facebook: www.facebook.com/blackbrandbiz/   Produced by Seko Varner for Positive VibesInc. http://www.PositiveVibes.net Find Black Owned Businesses in the 757: www.HRGreenbook.com Invest in Black Excellence! Watch all episodes of www.GenerationalFlip.com now! $20k - $90K of business funding - https://mbcapitalsolutions.com/positive-vibes-consulting/Money for your business: https://davidallencapital.com/equipment-financing?u=&u=PositiveVibesMoney for Real Estate Investments:  https://PositiveVibesConsulting.comPurify yourself, house, and environment to remain safe: https://www.vollara.com/PositiveVibesInvest in stocks via STASH: https://get.stashinvest.com/sekosq72j  Fix your credit: https://positivevibes.myecon.net/my-credit-system/ Raise money with Republic: https://republic.com/raise/i/jpdajr    Melanin, Black History, B1, Black First, ADOS, FoundationalBlack American, African, Indigenous, Virginia, Underground Railroad, Slavery,America, Black Enterprise, Norfolk, Richmond, Africa, Cupid Shuffle, GospelMusic, Moorish, Negro Spirituals, Stay Woke, Black History Month, Christian,Noble Drew Ali, Malcolm X, Ebony, African American, Entrepreneur, #GetOnCode,Tone Talks, Black American, Afrisynergy News, Black People, Nubian, EmpowermentAgenda, BlackWallStreet, Black Wall Street, theWE, Hampton Roads Greenbook

Als Rollstuhlfahrerin auf dem Wasser – Nomine ist elf Jahre alt und liebt es, sich zu bewegen. Nur laufen kann das querschnittsgelähmte Mädchen nicht. Trotz ihrer Behinderung segelt Nomine seit Jahren über die Nordsee. Ihr Traum: einmal zu den Paralympics.

Hola :)En el episodio de hoy os intento explicar por qué el estrés crónico (tanto mental como físico) puede afectar a nuestro eje reproductivo directamente y a la misma vez a través de afectación indrecta de otros ejes hormonales como el eje tiroideo y la prolactina contribuir a empeorar los sintomas reproductivos asociados al estrés perpetuando el ciclo de estres--> falta de adecuada sintesis de GnRh--> FSH y LH--> menstruaciones regulares, ovulación producción de testosterona...Asimismo os hablo de varios complementos que SIEMPRE  van detras de las medidas dle estilo de vida, no sustituyen a éstas y son:Estres: magnesio, omega 3, glicina, theanina, reishi, rhodiola, schizandra, ashwagandha, SAME vitaminas del grupo B como B12, B6, B9...Función tiroidea: myoinositol, coQ10, selenio, yodo, vitamina B1 y B3..Prolactina: vitex agnus (sauzgatillo) y magnesioOjala os sirva :) un besitoPara mas información ya sabéis que me tenéis en mi instagram @isabelvina dónde te comparto contenido diario Mi TikTok @isabelvinabas En mi canal de YouTube https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-dfdxLBcvfztBvRAKZSXGQY los suplementos formulados por mi https://ivbwellness.com

男子バスケットボール・Ｂリーグの年間王者を決めるチャンピオンシップ（CS）を振り返ります。前編では、宿敵同士の対決となった千葉ジェッツ対宇都宮ブレックス、歴史に残る激闘を繰り広げた三遠ネオフェニックス対琉球ゴールデンキングスのセミファイナルを中心に語りました。 ※2025年6月4日に収録しました。前後編の前編です。次回は6月14日に配信します。バスクラの過去回はこちら（ https://bit.ly/49fLo67 ）。 プレイリスト（ https://buff.ly/4iNnkOj ） 【関連記事】やられたらやり返す脇、「NEXT比江島」の小川　若手かがやく決戦https://www.asahi.com/articles/AST5R36QJT5RUTQP01PM.html?iref=omny 　難聴の選手が史上初のバスケ日本代表　リスク覚悟で挑戦やめない意味https://www.asahi.com/articles/AST4F3K6YT4FUTQP009M.html?iref=omny　 　宇都宮と三遠、先勝　バスケット・りそなグループB1　https://www.asahi.com/articles/DA3S16216104.html?iref=omny　（有料会員の方はログインしていただくと、過去の紙面記事検索として閲覧できます) 【出演・スタッフ】松本龍三郎（スポーツ部） https://x.com/asahi_bballinfo 松本麻美（メディア事業本部・スポーツ事業部） https://x.com/Asa_asa_sports MC・音源編集　堀江麻友　https://bit.ly/4kepWoO 【おねがい】朝日新聞ポッドキャストは、みなさまからの購読料で配信しています。番組継続のため、会員登録をお願いします！ http://t.asahi.com/womz 【朝ポキ情報】アプリで記者と対話 http://t.asahi.com/won1交流はdiscord https://bit.ly/asapoki_discordおたよりフォーム https://bit.ly/asapoki_otayori 朝ポキTV https://www.youtube.com/@asapoki_official メルマガ https://bit.ly/asapoki_newsletter広告ご検討の企業様は http://t.asahi.com/asapokiguide 番組検索ツール https://bit.ly/asapoki_cast最新情報はX https://bit.ly/asapoki_twitter番組カレンダー https://bit.ly/asapki_calendar全話あります公式サイト https://bit.ly/asapoki_lp See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Take our free English fluency quiz. Find out if your level is B1, B2, or C1.  Do you love Business English?  Try our other podcasts: All Ears English Podcast: We focus on Connection NOT Perfection when it comes to learning English. This podcast is perfect for listeners at the intermediate or advanced level. This is an award-winning podcast with more 4 million monthly downloads. IELTS Energy Podcast: Learn IELTS from a former Examiner and achieve your Band 7 or higher, featuring Jessica Beck and Aubrey Carter Visit our website here or https://lnk.to/website-sn Send your English question or episode topic idea to support@allearsenglish.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Aujourd'hui, j'ai une annonce très spéciale à te faire : en juillet, j'ouvre officiellement mon Book Club : Le Salon de Yasmine. Si tu me connais un peu, tu sais que j'adore les podcasts… mais surtout, j'ai une passion profonde pour les livres. Alors lancer un club de lecture, c'était une évidence… qui a mis un peu de temps à éclore.Un jour, je discutais avec Marion Trotté (la prof idéale si tu veux apprendre le français avec le cinéma) et elle m'a dit : “Toi, ton truc, c'est les livres. Tu devrais lancer un club.”Sur le moment, j'ai souri. Et puis l'idée a fait son chemin. Aujourd'hui, Le Salon de Yasmine est prêt à t'accueillir.Mon club, c'est une invitation :➡️ à lire➡️ à rire➡️ à discuter autour d'un verre (virtuel ou non)➡️ à faire vivre la langue française autrementLe Salon s'adresse aux apprenants de niveau B1, B2 et C1. Il faut déjà avoir une base solide pour profiter pleinement des lectures et des échanges. Ce n'est pas pour débutants, mais c'est parfait si tu veux entretenir ton français de façon vivante et authentique.C'est un espace pour lire, pratiquer et vivre en français, sans pression, dans une ambiance bienveillante et motivante.J'ai créé Le Salon de Yasmine pour toutes celles et ceux qui veulent pratiquer leur français autrement. Que tu aies fait une pause de 20 ans ou que tu viennes de terminer ton chapitre sur le subjonctif, tu es la/le bienvenu(e).Si tu veux que le français fasse vraiment partie de ta vie… alors, tu es au bon endroit.Pour rejoindre la liste d'attente : lefrancaisavecyasmine.com/salon “Le Français avec Yasmine” existe grâce au soutien des membres et élèves payants. 1️⃣ Le Club de Yasmine Le Club privé du podcast qui donne accès à toutes les transcriptions des épisodes, à 6 épisodes secrets par an, la newsletter privée en français et l'accès à la communauté des élèves et membres sur Discord pour continuer à partager et se rencontrer. https://lefrancaisavecyasmine.com/club 2️⃣ Les livres du podcast Les transcriptions du podcast sont disponibles dans les livres “Le français avec Yasmine” sur Amazon : http://amazon.com/author/yasminelesire 3️⃣ Les cours de français avec YasmineJi, je te donne rendez-vous dans mes cours et mes formations digitales. Je donne des cours particuliers (en ligne et à Paris) et des cours en groupe en ligne. Rendez-vous sur le site de mon école : www.ilearnfrench.eu ➡️ Rendez-vous sur les réseaux sociaux https://www.instagram.com/ilearnfrench/https://www.linkedin.com/in/yasmine-lesire-ilearnfrench/ ➡️ Crédit musique La musique de cet épisode est créée par le groupe Beam. Merci à Maayan Smith et son groupe pour la musique.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

World news in 7 minutes. Thursday 5th June 2025.Today: Bulgaria euro. Germany evacuation. EU tariffs. S Korea government. Pakistan India talks. Mongolia PM resigns. El Salvador officers sentenced. Mexico metal measures. US ship abandoned. Nigeria border fences. UN Libya investigation. National Spelling Bee. With Juliet MartinSEND7 is supported by our amazing listeners like you.Our supporters get access to the transcripts written by us every day.Our supporters get access to an English worksheet made by us once per week. Our supporters get access to our weekly news quiz made by us once per week. We give 10% of our profit to Effective Altruism charities. You can become a supporter at send7.org/supportContact us at podcast@send7.org or send an audio message at speakpipe.com/send7Please leave a rating on Apple podcasts or Spotify.We don't use AI! Every word is written and recorded by us!Since 2020, SEND7 (Simple English News Daily in 7 minutes) has been telling the most important world news stories in intermediate English. Every day, listen to the most important stories from every part of the world in slow, clear English. Whether you are an intermediate learner trying to improve your advanced, technical and business English, or if you are a native speaker who just wants to hear a summary of world news as fast as possible, join Stephen Devincenzi, Ben Mallett and Juliet Martin every morning. Transcripts, worksheets and our weekly world news quiz are available for our amazing supporters at send7.org. Simple English News Daily is the perfect way to start your day, by practising your listening skills and understanding complicated stories in a simple way. It is also highly valuable for IELTS and TOEFL students. Students, teachers, TEFL teachers, and people with English as a second language, tell us that they use SEND7 because they can learn English through hard topics, but simple grammar. We believe that the best way to improve your spoken English is to immerse yourself in real-life content, such as what our podcast provides. SEND7 covers all news including politics, business, natural events and human rights. Whether it is happening in Europe, Africa, Asia, the Americas or Oceania, you will hear it on SEND7, and you will understand it.For more information visit send7.org/contact or send an email to podcast@send7.org

Grüne Investments für ein besseres Klima? – Viele Banken arbeiten immer noch mit der fossilen Industrie zusammen und tragen so zum Klimawandel bei. Kunden wissen oft nicht, dass auch ihr Geld dafür genutzt wird. Doch kann man auch klimaschonend investieren?

Take our free English fluency quiz. Find out if your level is B1, B2, or C1.  Do you love Business English?  Try our other podcasts: All Ears English Podcast: We focus on Connection NOT Perfection when it comes to learning English. This podcast is perfect for listeners at the intermediate or advanced level. This is an award-winning podcast with more 4 million monthly downloads. IELTS Energy Podcast: Learn IELTS from a former Examiner and achieve your Band 7 or higher, featuring Jessica Beck and Aubrey Carter Visit our website here or https://lnk.to/website-sn Send your English question or episode topic idea to support@allearsenglish.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Send us a textVerb og substantiv til Norskprøven B1 Lærer du til Norskprøven B1? Nå har vi delt 100 nyttige verb og tilhørende substantiv – med ekte B1-setninger som hjelper deg å forstå og bruke dem riktig i eksamen!

  Last time we spoke about China's preparations for War. In December 1936, the tension in China reached a boiling point as Nationalist General Chiang Kai-shek was captured by his own commanders, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng. Disillusioned by Chiang's focus on fighting communists instead of the encroaching Japanese forces, the generals sought a unified response to Japanese aggression. After being held in Xi'an, Chiang reluctantly agreed to collaborate with the Chinese Communist Party, marking a significant shift in strategy against Japan. Amidst the rising chaos, Chiang's government reviewed historical military strategies and prepared for a prolonged conflict. However, they faced challenges, including inadequate supplies and a lack of modern equipment compared to the Japanese. By 1937, China was ill-prepared for war, with Chiang later expressing regret about their military readiness. Despite these setbacks, the alliance formed with the communists laid a foundation for a united Chinese front against the brutalities of the Sino-Japanese War that would follow.   #153 Japan Prepares for War Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. So in the last episode we talked about how China was preparing itself for war, now its time for Japan. Since Japan's invasion of North China, Japanese field armies had promoted a series of autonomous zones in northern China. Officers from the Kwantung Army, skeptical of China's capacity to modernize, believed that the vast region would inevitably fragment into regional factions. This policy effectively maintained a weak and divided China, which served Japan's to defend Manchukuo. However many Japanese military leaders frequently pointed to the threat posed by the KMT's five-year plan, initiated in 1933 with assistance from German military advisors, aimed at modernizing and expanding the national army. To counter what they perceived as a Chinese threat, the field armies advocated for a preemptive war to dismantle Chiang Kai-shek's regime. Any attempt by Tokyo to alter the military's China policy faced vigorous opposition from the Kwantung Army, which, in February 1937, pushed for intensified covert actions to expel the KMT from northern China and supported a preemptive war to secure strategic areas for future operations against the Soviet Union. At a March meeting in Tokyo, staff officers from the China Garrison and Kwantung armies insisted that any concessions to China would be a grave mistake and would likely yield only temporary outcomes. In early spring 1937, Prince Konoe Fumimaro inherited a China policy fraught with competing views, however, there was consensus that China must not distract the empire from its preparations against the USSR. The end goal was clear, but the means to achieve it remained uncertain. The cabinet's approval of the "Fundamentals of National Policy" in August 1936 indicated a need for stability as the army and navy reconfigured Japan's war machine. The challenge lay in aligning long-term strategic goals with practical short-term interests in northern China without upsetting the existing balance of power. Expanding demands propelled the army's contingency planning, which had traditionally focused on safeguarding Japanese interests and the approximately 13,000 Japanese citizens residing in the region. Tokyo typically responded to serious incidents by deploying troops from homeland garrisons to address localized emergencies and then withdrawing them. However, by the mid-1930s, the growing Soviet threat to Manchukuo rendered this doctrine obsolete. Incidents in northern China gained strategic importance as they diverted resources from the Kwantung Army's preparations against the Soviet Union. Disruptions in northern China hindered access to essential raw materials necessary for army modernization and rearmament, while hostile Chinese forces threatened the Kwantung Army's strategic left flank in the event of war with the Soviets. With these considerations in mind, the army revised its operational war plans, assuming that northern China would serve as Japan's strategic rear area for operations against the USSR. In 1911 Japan's plan for general war mandated thirteen divisions to occupy southern Manchuria, capture Beijing, and subsequently occupy Zhejiang and Fujian. Limited contingency operations in northern China required two divisions to secure rail communications from Beijing to the coast. In the weeks following the 1931 Manchurian Incident, the General Staff in Tokyo drafted plans to counter a Sino-Soviet alliance, anticipating a 2 month campaign involving 15-16 divisions, with the majority engaged against the Soviet Red Army. 2 divisions were designated to secure northern China, while smaller units would monitor the Inner Mongolian front to protect Japan's western flank in Manchuria. After further refinement, the General Staff identified three contingencies for China in early 1932: maintaining the traditional mission of safeguarding Japanese interests and citizens with a standard two-division force; ensuring a secure line of communication between the Chinese capital and the sea with the China Garrison Army, which consisted of approximately 1,700 officers and men, reinforced by one division; and, in a worst-case scenario of all-out war, deploying three divisions to reinforce the Kwantung Army, along with 7 additional divisions and 3 cavalry brigades to suppress resistance in northern China and the Shandong Peninsula, while two additional divisions secured key areas in central China. Between 1932-1936, China received less attention as the General Staff focused on the Soviet military buildup in the Far East. Anxiety, stemming from the Soviet buildup in the Far East, was a pervasive concern reflected in the draft rearmament plan submitted to the throne on May 21, 1936, as part of the national budget formulation process. The army proposed countering the Soviet threat by enhancing Japanese strategic mobility in Manchukuo through the renovation and expansion of airfields, ports, roads, and rail infrastructure, and by constructing army air force arsenals, storage depots, and medical facilities. The positioning of Japanese divisions in eastern Manchuria suggested their wartime objectives, with the Kwantung Army relying on a mobile independent mixed brigade composed of armored car and mounted cavalry units stationed in Gongzhuling, central Manchuria, as its immediate response force for contingencies in northern China. Major units were not concentrated in western Manchuria, where they would be expected to deploy before any planned invasion of northern China. Nevertheless, General Staff planners remained vigilant regarding developments in China, where the resurgence of nationalism, Communist movements advancing north of the Yellow River in February 1936, and the spread of anti-Japanese sentiments across northern China raised the specter of limited military operations escalating into full-scale warfare. China's improving military capabilities would likely hinder Japanese forces from accomplishing their objectives. For example, around Shanghai, Chinese defenses were bolstered by extensive, in-depth, and permanent fortifications. In mid-September 1936, the General Staff in Tokyo issued orders to preempt significant outbreaks in northern China by repositioning a division in Manchukuo closer to the boundary. If hostilities broke out, the China Garrison Army, supported by Kwantung Army units, would launch punitive operations against Chinese forces as necessary. Higher headquarters expected local commanders to act swiftly and decisively, employing rapid maneuvers and shock tactics to address outbreaks with minimal force. Given that no alternative responses were considered, Japanese operational planning for northern China relied on an all-or-nothing approach to force deployment, even for minor incidents. Yet, the senior leadership of the army remained deeply divided over its China policy. Influenced by Ishiwara, the General Staff wanted to avoid military actions that could lead to a full-scale war with China, focusing instead on advancing the army's extensive rearmament and modernization program. In contrast, a majority of high-ranking officers in the Army Ministry and General Staff, particularly within the 2nd Operations Section and the Kwantung Army, favored forceful action against China, believing it necessary to quell rising anti-Japanese sentiments. Drawing from past experiences, these officers anticipated that the Chinese would quickly capitulate once hostilities commenced. This lack of a unified military strategy reflected broader disagreements among the army's leadership regarding operations in China. While operational planning called for the permanent occupation of large regions in northern and central China, the General Staff aimed to contain outbreaks to maintain focus on Soviet threats. There was a clear absence of long-term operational planning; instead, the army concentrated on initial battles while relegating planning for prolonged combat operations to contingent circumstances. In summary, the Japanese army preferred to avoid military force to address Chinese issues whenever feasible but was equally unwilling to concede to Chinese demands. Since 1914, Tosui Koryo or “Principles of Command” had served as the foundational doctrine for senior Japanese army commanders and staff officers engaged in combined arms warfare at the corps and army levels. The advent of new weapons, tactics, and organizational changes during World War I compelled all major military forces to reassess their existing military doctrines across strategic, operational, and tactical dimensions. In response, Japan modified the Principles of Command to blend its traditional post-Russo-Japanese War focus on the intangible factors in battle with the newest concepts of modern total war. A revision in 1918 recognized the significance of “recent great advances in materiel” for total warfare, yet it maintained that ultimate victory in battle relied on dedication, patriotism, and selfless service. In the 1920s, the General Staff's Operations Section, led by Major General Araki Sadao, who would become the leader of the Kodoha faction, had produced the most significant and impactful revision of the Principles. A staunch anti-communist and ideologue who valued the intangible elements of combat, Araki appointed Lieutenant Colonel Obata Toshishiro and Captain Suzuki Yorimichi as the principal authors of the manual's rewrite. Obata, a Soviet expert, was strongly influenced by German General Count Alfred von Schlieffen's classic theories of a “war of annihilation,” while Suzuki, the top graduate of the thirtieth Staff College class, shared Araki's focus on “spiritual” or intangible advantages in warfare. Both men were brilliant yet arrogant, working in secrecy to create a doctrine based on what Leonard Humphreys describes as “intense spiritual training” and bayonet-led assaults to counter the opponent's material superiority.  The latest version of the Principles of Command preserved the operational concept of rapid Japanese mobile offensive operations, aiming to induce a decisive battle or “kaisen” early in the campaign. It reaffirmed the sokusen sokketsu or “rapid victory' principle of rapid warfare. Attaining these goals relied exclusively on offensive action, with the army expecting commanders at all levels to press forward, defeat enemy units, and capture key territories. The troops were indoctrinated with a spirit of aggression and trained to anticipate certain victory. The emphasis on offensive action was so pronounced that Araki eliminated terms like surrender, retreat, and defense from the manual, believing they negatively affected troop morale. This aggressive mindset also infused the Sento Koryo or “Principles of Operations”, first published in 1929 as a handbook for combined arms warfare tailored for division and regimental commanders. The manual emphasized hand-to-hand combat as the culminating stage of battle, a principle regarded as unchanging in Japanese military doctrine since 1910. Senior commanders were expected to demonstrate initiative in skillfully maneuvering their units to encircle the enemy, setting the stage for climactic assaults with cold steel. Infantry was deemed the primary maneuver force, supported by artillery. To complement rapid infantry advances, the army developed light and mobile artillery. Operationally, encirclement and night attacks were vital components of victory, and even outnumbered units were expected to aggressively envelop enemy flanks. In assaults against fortified positions, units would advance under the cover of darkness, avoiding enemy artillery fire and positioning themselves for dawn attacks that combined firepower with shock action to overwhelm enemy defenses. In encounters with opposing forces, commanders would maneuver to flank the enemy, surround their units, and destroy them. If forced onto the defensive, commanders were expected to seize opportunities for decisive counterattacks to regain the initiative. These high-level operational doctrines were distilled into tactical guidelines in the January 1928 edition of the Infantry Manual or “Hohei Soten”, which saw a provisional revision in May 1937 . Both editions opened with identical introductions emphasizing the necessity for a rapid victory through the overpowering and destruction of enemy forces. Infantry was identified as the primary arm in combined arms warfare, and soldiers were taught to rely on cold steel as fundamental to their attacking spirit. The 1928 Infantry Manual underscored the commander's role in instilling a faith in certain victory or “hissho shinnen”, drawing from the glorious traditions of Japanese military history. The 1928 infantry tactics employed an extended skirmish line with four paces between soldiers. Individual initiative in combat was generally discouraged, except under exceptional circumstances, as success relied on concentrating firepower and manpower on narrow frontages to overwhelm defenders. An infantry company would create a skirmish line featuring two light machine gun squads and four rifle squads, preparing for a bayonet-driven breakthrough of enemy defenses. For the final assault, the infantry company would line up along a 150-yard front, likely facing casualties of up to 50% while breaching the enemy's main defensive line. Historical analysis reveals the shortcomings of these tactics. During World War I, armies constructed extensive, multi-layered defenses, trenches, pillboxes, and strong points, each independent yet all covered by artillery. If assaulting infantry suffered heavy losses breaching the first line, how could they successfully prosecute their assault against multiple defense lines? The 1937 revision elaborated on new tactics to overcome entrenched Soviet defenses, drafted in anticipation of arms and equipment that were either in development or production but not yet available for deployment. This became official doctrine in 1940, but as early as summer 1937, units from the China Garrison Army were field-testing these new tactics. The provisional manual adopted combat team tactics, forming an umbrella-like skirmish formation. This involved a light machine gun team at the forefront with two ammunition bearers flanking it to the rear. Behind the machine gun team were riflemen arranged in a column formation, maintaining six paces between each. The light machine gun provided cover fire as the formation closed in on the enemy for hand-to-hand combat. Increased firepower expanded the assault front to 200 yards. The combination of wider dispersion and night movement aimed to reduce losses from enemy artillery fire while the infantry advanced through successive lines of resistance. Commanders at the platoon level were responsible for leading the final assault into enemy lines, with increased tactical responsibility shifting from platoon to squad leaders, allowing for greater initiative from junior officers and non-commissioned officers. This emphasis on broader dispersal and fluidity on the battlefield required frontline infantry to exhibit aggressiveness and initiative. Contrary to popular belief, the Japanese military did not solely rely on the bayonet or an offensive spirit during engagements with Chinese forces. They effectively employed superior firepower and modern equipment within their combined arms framework, using heavy weapons and artillery to soften enemy positions before launching infantry attacks. Without such firepower, unsupported infantry attacks would have struggled to achieve their objectives. In January 1937, the Imperial Japanese Army consisted of approximately 247,000 officers and men, organized in a structure comprising seventeen standing infantry divisions, four tank regiments, and fifty-four air squadrons equipped with a total of 549 aircraft. The China Garrison Army and the Taiwan Garrison Army each included two infantry regiments, while a separate independent mixed brigade was stationed in Manchuria. Two divisions were permanently based in Korea, with four more assigned on a rotating basis to the Kwantung Army in Manchukuo. The remainder of the forces were stationed in the Japanese home islands. A substantial pool of reservists and partially trained replacements was available to mobilize, enabling the expansion of peacetime units to their wartime strength as needed. Conscription provided the primary source of enlisted manpower for the army, though a handful of young men volunteered for active duty. For conscription purposes, Japan was divided into divisional areas, which were further subdivided into regimental districts responsible for conscription, mobilization, individual activations, and veteran affairs within their jurisdictions. Typically, conscripts served with the regiment associated with their region or prefecture. However, the Imperial Guards regiments in Tokyo selected conscripts from across the nation, as did the Seventh Infantry Division, which recruited from the sparsely populated Hokkaido area and from regular army units stationed in Korea, China, and Taiwan. Draftees from Okinawa Prefecture usually served with Kyushu-based regiments. All males reaching the age of 20 underwent an army-administered pre-induction physical examination conducted between December 1 and January 30 of the following year. This evaluation classified potential conscripts into three categories: A “suitable for active duty”, B1, and B2, while others were deemed unfit for the demands of military life. In 1935, 29.7% of those examined received A classifications, while 41.2% were graded as B1 or B2. Among the 742,422 individuals eligible for conscription in 1937, approximately 170,000 were drafted, amounting to 22.9% of the cohort; this figure had remained relatively consistent since the post-Russo-Japanese War years. Within the conscripted group, 153,000 men were classified as A and an additional 17,000 as B. Conscripts served for two years of active duty, with variations based on their military specialty and any prior civilian military training. After their discharge, they were subject to a lengthy reserve obligation. In total, 470,635 individuals fell into the B category, being otherwise fit for service but excess to the army's active personnel needs. These men were assigned to the First Replacement Pool, where they underwent around 120 days of basic military training, primarily focused on small arms usage and fundamental tactics. Regular officers and NCOs led the training in their respective regimental districts. Following their initial training, the army called these replacements and reservists to active duty annually for several days of refresher training. Army leaders regarded discipline as the cornerstone of military effectiveness. Basic training emphasized the necessity of unquestioning obedience to orders at all levels. Subsequent training focused on fieldcraft, such as utilizing terrain strategically to surprise or encircle the enemy. However, training exercises often lacked diversity due to the limited maneuver areas available in Japan, leading to predictable solutions to field problems. The training regimen was rigorous, merging strict formal discipline and regulated corporal punishment with harsh informal sanctions and unregulated violence from leaders to instill unwavering compliance to orders. As an undergrad taking a course specifically on the Pacific War, it was this variable my professor argued contributed the most to the atrocities performed by the Japanese during WW2. He often described it as a giant pecking order of abuse. The most senior commanders abused, often physically their subordinates, who abused theirs, going through the ranks to the common grunts who had no one else but civilians and the enemy to peck at so to speak. Of course there were a large number of other variables at play, but to understand that you outta join my Patreon Account over at the www.patreon.com/pacificwarchannel , where I made a fan favorite episode on “why the Japanese army performed so many atrocities”. In there I basically hit a big 10 reason list, well in depth, I highly recommend it! As the concept of the “Imperial Army” and the cult of the emperor gained prominence, appeals to imperial symbols and authority bolstered this unquestioning obedience to superiors, who were seen as the conduits of the emperor's will. It was during this period that the term kogun or “imperial army” gained favor over kokugun or “national army”, reflecting a deliberate effort by military authorities to forge a direct connection between the military and the imperial throne. The 1937 Japanese infantry division was structured as a square formation, with a peacetime strength established at approximately 12,000 officers and men organized into two brigades, each comprising about 4,000 personnel, formed from two infantry regiments, about 2,000 men each. The division included a field artillery regiment, an engineer regiment, and a transport battalion as organic units. Each infantry regiment was composed of three battalions, approximately 600 men each, which contained three rifle companies, 160 men each and a weapons platoon. A rifle company consisted of three rifle platoons and one light machine gun platoon. Regiments also included infantry assault gun platoons, and battalions contained a heavy machine gun company. Upon mobilization, a fourth infantry company augmented each battalion, along with reserve fillers, nearly 5,000 personnel assigned as transport and service troops, raising the authorized wartime strength of an infantry division to over 25,000 officers and men.  Reforms implemented in 1922 reduced personnel numbers in favor of new and improved weapons and equipment. Among these advancements, the 75 mm Type 90 field artillery piece, which boasted increased range and accuracy, was integrated into the forces in 1930, along with the 105 mm Type 10 howitzer and 75 mm pack mountain artillery which could be disassembled for transport using pack animals. These became standard artillery components for divisions. The emphasis on light, mobile, and smaller-caliber field artillery enabled swift deployment during fast-moving engagements. By minimizing the size of the baggage train, infantry and artillery units could quickly set up off the march formation and maneuver around enemy flanks. Army leaders further streamlined road march formations by eliminating the fourth artillery battery from each regiment, thus sacrificing some firepower for enhanced speed and mobility. Heavier artillery pieces were still used in set-piece battles where mobility was less critical. In a typical 1936 division, the field artillery regiment, equipped with Type 90 field artillery or lighter Type 94 mountain artillery, had thirty-six guns. Training focused on quality rather than quantity, reflecting the conservative doctrine of “one-round-one-hit”. Live-fire training was infrequent due to the scarcity of artillery firing ranges in Japan. Ammunition stockpiles were inadequate for anticipated operational needs; government arsenals produced over 111,000 artillery shells in 1936, which was fewer than one-tenth of the quantities specified in wartime consumption tables. Similar industrial shortcomings also hampered advancements in motorization and armor. Motorization proved costly and relied on foreign supply, presenting challenges given the inferior road networks in Manchuria, northern China, and the Soviet Far East. Military estimates suggested a need for 250,000 trucks to fully motorize the army, a goal beyond the capabilities of the nascent Japanese automotive industry, which produced fewer than 1,000 cars annually until 1933. Japanese tanks, described as “handcrafted, beautifully polished, and hoarded” by Alvin Coox, suffered from shortages similar to heavy artillery and ammunition. The army prioritized light weighing ten tons or less and medium tanks sixteen tons or less due to the necessity of deploying armor overseas, size and weight were crucial for loading and unloading from transport ships. Smaller tanks were also more suitable for the terrains of northern China and Manchuria, as they could traverse unbridged rivers using pontoons or ferries. The Japanese industrial base, however, struggled to mass-produce tanks; by 1939, factories were producing an average of only twenty-eight tanks of all models per month. Consequently, in 1937, foot soldiers remained as reliant on animal transport for mobility as their ancestors had been during the Russo-Japanese War. Despite enjoying technological and material superiority over disorganized Chinese forces, these deficiencies in heavy artillery, armor, and vehicles would prove catastrophic against more formidable opponents. Another significant factor constraining Japanese industry's capacity to produce tanks, trucks, and artillery was the 1936 decision to expand the army's air wing and homeland air defense network. This policy diverted resources, capital, and technology away from the army's ground forces. The nascent Japanese Army Air Force or “JAAF” aimed to support ground operations through reconnaissance, bombing enemy bases, and achieving air superiority. However, direct support for ground operations was limited, and Japanese military planners did not anticipate that aerial bombardment could supplement or replace artillery bombardments. The expanded air arm's strategic mission centered on executing preemptive air strikes against Soviet air bases in the Far East to thwart potential air attacks on Japan. By the mid-1930s, the army had approximately 650 aircraft, roughly 450 of which were operational. The JAAF emphasized rigorous training that prioritized quality over quantity, producing only about 750 pilots annually up until December 1941. Basic flight skills were developed through this training, while specialized tactical instruction was deferred to newly established pilot units. According to logistics doctrine, Japanese maneuver units typically operated within a 120 to 180-mile radius of a railhead to facilitate resupply and reinforcement. A field train transport unit was responsible for moving supplies daily from the railhead to a division control point for distribution. The division established a field depot to manage the transfer of supplies from field transport to company and lower-echelon units. At the depot, transport troops would hand over supplies to a combat train that ferried ammunition, rations, and equipment directly to frontline units. Horse-drawn wagons and pack animals were the primary means of transportation. Each wartime division included a transport battalion, which varied in size from approximately 2,200 to 3,700 personnel, depending on the type of division supported. The division typically carried enough supplies for one day. Upon mobilization, the logistical framework was reinforced with the addition of an ordnance unit, a field hospital, a sanitation unit, and additional field and combat trains. The size of the transport regiment grew from around 1,500 officers and men with over 300 horses to nearly 3,500 troops and more than 2,600 animals. In the battalion, one company generally transported small-arms ammunition while two companies handled artillery shells and two others carried rations; this arrangement was flexible based on operational needs. Pack horses and dray horses were assigned to each company to carry or tow infantry assault artillery, mortars, artillery ammunition, and rations. Infantry soldiers carried minimal rations, approximately two and a half pounds, primarily rice, along with tinned condiments and salt. Consequently, the field train included a field kitchen stocked with fresh vegetables, rice or bread, soy sauce, and pickles. Each evening, a forward echelon train distributed supplies received from the field transport unit to the combat unit's bivouac area. When combat seemed imminent, a section of the transport battalion would move forward to deliver essential combat supplies, ordnance, equipment, medical supplies, directly to frontline units. These units would also handle resupply, medical evacuation, and repair of ordnance and equipment once fighting commenced.  On the evening of September 18, 1936, the fifth anniversary of the Manchurian Incident, Chinese troops from the Twenty-Ninth Army clashed with Japanese soldiers from the Seventh Company's rear-guard medical unit at Fengtai. When a Japanese officer arrived on horseback, a Chinese soldier struck his horse, prompting the Chinese troops to retreat to their barracks. Major Ichiki Kiyonao, the battalion commander, ordered an emergency assembly, surrounded the Chinese encampment, and demanded that Chinese authorities surrender the aggressors immediately. To defuse the situation, Major General Kawabe Masakazu, the brigade commander and Ichiki's superior, instructed Regimental Commander Mutaguchi to resolve the incident swiftly. Mutaguchi negotiated an agreement that required the Chinese to apologize, punish those responsible, withdraw from the vicinity of the Japanese barracks, and maintain a distance of two miles. Although Mutaguchi and Ichiki wanted to disarm the Chinese forces, they ultimately complied with Kawabe's wishes and allowed the Chinese to retain their weapons “in the spirit of Bushido.” Later, the Chinese claimed the Japanese had refrained from disarming them due to their fear of the strength and influence of the 29th Army. This insult infuriated Mutaguchi, who vowed not to make any further concessions and promised to eliminate the anti-Japanese provocateurs decisively if another incident occurred. He warned his officers against allowing an “overly tolerant attitude toward the Chinese” to undermine the prestige of the imperial army and emphasized the need for swift, decisive action to prevent such incidents in the future. Tensions were further exacerbated by large-scale Japanese field exercises conducted from late October to early November. These maneuvers, the largest ever executed by Japanese forces in China, mobilized about 6,700 active-duty and reserve troops for a series of complex battle drills, night maneuvers, and tactical field problems. During these exercises, Japanese troops were quartered in Chinese homes. Although local residents were compensated for any damage caused, the exercises nonetheless heightened tensions between the two sides. The fallout from the Suiyuan Fiasco in December 1936, coupled with a tumultuous summer and fall, led to rising anti-Japanese sentiment and prompted Tokyo to caution the Kawabe brigade against actions that might escalate the already precarious situation. In March 1937, during the annual personnel assignments, Ishiwara was promoted to major general and appointed chief of the 1st Department Operations of the General Staff. However, Army Vice Minister Umezu, a hardliner regarding China and a rival of Ishiwara, successfully maneuvered the Hayashi cabinet into approving the command choices for army and navy ministers, overriding Ishiwara's proposals. General Sugiyama Hajime, another hawk on China, replaced the terminally ill General Nakamura Kotaro as army minister shortly after Nakamura's appointment and remained in that position until June 1938. Lieutenant General Imai Kiyoshi, army vice chief of staff and an Ishiwara supporter, was also battling a terminal illness that rendered him largely ineffective during his short five-month tenure from March to August 1937. Imai was expected to play a crucial role in high command because the army chief of staff, Prince Kan'in, had been appointed in 1931 as a figurehead due to internal factions preventing agreement on a candidate. Ishiwara further complicated his conciliatory approach by selecting Colonel Muto Akira, a known hardliner who believed force was the only means to resolve the Japan-China conflict, for the vital position of chief of Operations Section within the General Staff. From Kwantung Army headquarters, Commanding General Ueda Kenkichi and his chief of staff, Lieutenant General Tojo Hideki, advocated for a preemptive war against China to serve the Kwantung Army's interests. In contrast, the China Garrison Army, under Lieutenant General Tashiro and his chief of staff, adopted a more moderate stance, aligning with central headquarters' policy of restraint. The China Garrison Army estimated the 29th Army to consist of 15,000–16,000 troops, with its main strength centered around Peking and an additional 10,000 troops in the surrounding area. Starting in spring 1937, Japanese units began observing tactical indicators suggesting that the Chinese were preparing for war. These indicators included increased guard presence at Peking's gates in June, bolstering units near the Marco Polo Bridge to over two battalions, preparing new fighting positions, digging trenches and constructing concrete pillboxes near the Marco Polo Bridge, infiltrating agents into Japanese maneuver areas for intelligence on night tactical exercises, and heightened strictness among Chinese railroad guards evident since late June. Nevertheless, the Japanese commanders did not view China as a formidable opponent. They believed that Chinese armies would quickly disintegrate due to what they perceived as a lack of fighting spirit and ineffective leadership. By 1937, Japan's national policy was shifting away from the persistent and aggressive efforts of field armies to undermine Chinese political authority in northern China toward a more conciliatory stance. This shift resulted in increased tensions between field armies and the General Staff in Tokyo, leading to substantial fractures among senior officers regarding the “solution” to their so-called China problem. Those tensions broke the camels back that year.  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The Japanese grossly underestimated their enemy and their own logistical capabilities. There was to say “too many cooks in the kitchen” of the Japanese military and competing visions ultimately were leading Japan and China into an official full blown war. Japan assumed they could bully China until it was so fragmented it would be a simple matter of grabbing the pieces it liked, that was not to be the case at all.   

Take our free English fluency quiz. Find out if your level is B1, B2, or C1.  Do you love Business English?  Try our other podcasts: All Ears English Podcast: We focus on Connection NOT Perfection when it comes to learning English. This podcast is perfect for listeners at the intermediate or advanced level. This is an award-winning podcast with more 4 million monthly downloads. IELTS Energy Podcast: Learn IELTS from a former Examiner and achieve your Band 7 or higher, featuring Jessica Beck and Aubrey Carter Visit our website here or https://lnk.to/website-sn Send your English question or episode topic idea to support@allearsenglish.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Handy aus: Offline sein ist im Trend – Viele junge Menschen wollen weniger Social Media nutzen und wieder mehr Zeit im echten Leben verbringen. Über einen neuen Club verbreitet sich die Idee immer weiter. Werbung dafür wird ausgerechnet im Internet gemacht.

What do family gatherings look like in Guatemala vs. the U.S.?In this episode, I share 10 cultural differences between how my Guatemalan family and my husband's American family celebrate, eat, greet, and connect.This episode is great for Spanish learners from B1 to C2 who want to improve their listening skills while learning about Guatemalan expressions and real-life cultural contrasts.

In this episode of the Spectrum of Health podcast, Dr. Christine Schaffner welcomes Dr. Darren Schmidt for an in-depth conversation about the MVX Plus test—an innovative tool designed to measure six key health factors linked to longevity. They explore the roots of metabolic malnutrition, the vital role of nutrients like vitamin B1, and how clinical practices are evolving to support deeper healing. With a focus on detoxification and physiological repair, this discussion highlights why a truly holistic approach is essential for long-term wellness.   For the full show notes please visit my website: https://www.drchristineschaffner.com/Episode290  

可能很多年輕朋友也有這種感覺，會在生活裡莫名的悵然若失，可是那個悵然若失是什麼？是不是在安穩的生活中，突然不知道怎麼面對可能來臨的衰老、生病、死亡。 悉達多是從一種不知道怎麼解釋的虛無中出走…… 有一天到了老年，要怎麼回憶自己的青春？要怎麼跟15歲…20歲的自己對話…… 不斷地認識自己，會不會才是修行 講座資訊 ________________________________________ ❶台東場▶6/7（六）14:30

World news in 7 minutes. Thursday 29th May 2025.Today: Namibia memorial day. Kenya Morocco plan. Swiss glacier collapse. French surgeon sentenced. UK Tate charged. Peruvian farmer case. Canada King visit. S Korea students. Indonesia antitrust. Samoa parliament dissolved. Australia World Heritage site. Nepal Sherpa record.With Juliet MartinSEND7 is supported by our amazing listeners like you.Our supporters get access to the transcripts written by us every day.Our supporters get access to an English worksheet made by us once per week. Our supporters get access to our weekly news quiz made by us once per week. We give 10% of our profit to Effective Altruism charities. You can become a supporter at send7.org/supportContact us at podcast@send7.org or send an audio message at speakpipe.com/send7Please leave a rating on Apple podcasts or Spotify.We don't use AI! Every word is written and recorded by us!Since 2020, SEND7 (Simple English News Daily in 7 minutes) has been telling the most important world news stories in intermediate English. Every day, listen to the most important stories from every part of the world in slow, clear English. Whether you are an intermediate learner trying to improve your advanced, technical and business English, or if you are a native speaker who just wants to hear a summary of world news as fast as possible, join Stephen Devincenzi, Ben Mallett and Juliet Martin every morning. Transcripts, worksheets and our weekly world news quiz are available for our amazing supporters at send7.org. Simple English News Daily is the perfect way to start your day, by practising your listening skills and understanding complicated stories in a simple way. It is also highly valuable for IELTS and TOEFL students. Students, teachers, TEFL teachers, and people with English as a second language, tell us that they use SEND7 because they can learn English through hard topics, but simple grammar. We believe that the best way to improve your spoken English is to immerse yourself in real-life content, such as what our podcast provides. SEND7 covers all news including politics, business, natural events and human rights. Whether it is happening in Europe, Africa, Asia, the Americas or Oceania, you will hear it on SEND7, and you will understand it.For more information visit send7.org/contact or send an email to podcast@send7.org

Was tun gegen Cyber-Angriffe? – Immer wieder greifen Hacker die Infrastruktur in Deutschland an. Zum Beispiel sorgen sie dafür, dass Kraftwerke nicht mehr laufen, oder legen Behörden lahm. Um sich zu schützen, hat der Staat neue Strategien entwickelt.

⭐️《高能量溝通》購書連結 ⭐️ 博客來網路書店：https://reurl.cc/knnayL 誠品線上：https://reurl.cc/Z44yNM momo購物網：https://reurl.cc/9DDR3d 金石堂網路書店：https://reurl.cc/M33yW3 讀冊生活網路書店：https://reurl.cc/lzz7pj 人氣Podcast頻道「哲維說書」播主 暨講師 哲維 首部影響力鉅作！ 書名：《高能量溝通：聽得懂‧想得通‧說得好，3步驟讓你的影響力翻倍》 出版社：奇光出版 上市日期：2025/05/07

⭐️《高能量溝通》購書連結 ⭐️ 博客來網路書店：https://reurl.cc/knnayL 誠品線上：https://reurl.cc/Z44yNM momo購物網：https://reurl.cc/9DDR3d 金石堂網路書店：https://reurl.cc/M33yW3 讀冊生活網路書店：https://reurl.cc/lzz7pj 人氣Podcast頻道「哲維說書」播主 暨講師 哲維 首部影響力鉅作！ 書名：《高能量溝通：聽得懂‧想得通‧說得好，3步驟讓你的影響力翻倍》 出版社：奇光出版 上市日期：2025/05/07

Take our free English fluency quiz. Find out if your level is B1, B2, or C1.  Do you love Business English?  Try our other podcasts: All Ears English Podcast: We focus on Connection NOT Perfection when it comes to learning English. This podcast is perfect for listeners at the intermediate or advanced level. This is an award-winning podcast with more 4 million monthly downloads. IELTS Energy Podcast: Learn IELTS from a former Examiner and achieve your Band 7 or higher, featuring Jessica Beck and Aubrey Carter Visit our website here or https://lnk.to/website-sn Send your English question or episode topic idea to support@allearsenglish.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Deutsche Migrationspolitik in der Kritik – Mehr Abschiebungen, Zurückweisungen an der Grenze: Die neue Bundesregierung will beim Thema Migration Härte zeigen. Doch so löst sie keine Probleme, meinen Expertinnen und Experten.

Take our free English fluency quiz. Find out if your level is B1, B2, or C1.  Do you love Business English?  Try our other podcasts: All Ears English Podcast: We focus on Connection NOT Perfection when it comes to learning English. This podcast is perfect for listeners at the intermediate or advanced level. This is an award-winning podcast with more 4 million monthly downloads. IELTS Energy Podcast: Learn IELTS from a former Examiner and achieve your Band 7 or higher, featuring Jessica Beck and Aubrey Carter Visit our website here or https://lnk.to/website-sn Send your English question or episode topic idea to support@allearsenglish.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Le Journal en français facile du mercredi 21 mai 2025, 18 h 00 à Paris. ► EXERCICEComprendre un extrait du journal | Disparition des arbres: des chiffres record | niveau B1 (exercice + PDF)Retrouvez votre épisode avec la transcription synchronisée et des exercices pédagogiques pour progresser en français : http://rfi.my/BgrE.A

B1+ - UPPER-INTERMEDIATE - Someone once called me an influencer… actually, two people :D But I'm not an influencer. I don't sell products, I don't do sponsorships. I am a teacher, I help people learn Hungarian and I have a small business. Making videos is 20% of my work. Anyway, these comments inspired today's episode where I'll talk about a few influencer trends I find annoying or a bit weird. Just my personal thoughts, nothing serious, just some honest rambling at B1+ level

Das Reich der Pilze ist in Gefahr – Sie leben im Boden, auf Bäumen, in Seen und Meeren. Trotzdem hat man Pilze lange Zeit kaum beachtet. Doch das ändert sich gerade, denn das Reich der Pilze ist gefährdet – und mit ihm ganze Ökosysteme.

Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code aee at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/aee Take our free English fluency quiz. Find out if your level is B1, B2, or C1.  Do you love Business English?  Try our other podcasts: All Ears English Podcast: We focus on Connection NOT Perfection when it comes to learning English. This podcast is perfect for listeners at the intermediate or advanced level. This is an award-winning podcast with more 4 million monthly downloads. IELTS Energy Podcast: Learn IELTS from a former Examiner and achieve your Band 7 or higher, featuring Jessica Beck and Aubrey Carter Visit our website here or https://lnk.to/website-sn Send your English question or episode topic idea to support@allearsenglish.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Thank you for joining us for our 2nd Cabral HouseCall of the weekend! I'm looking forward to sharing with you some of our community's questions that have come in over the past few weeks…   Tracey: Thank you so much for the wonderful work you do and the information that you share! My sister's co-worker was recently diagnosed with M abscessus infection. She already has asthma, so this has really exacerbated her condition. They suspect the bacteria may have been caused due to mold in their office. They have complained and tried to have management address the issue consistently for the past five years, but have had no luck. My sister is now in the process of being tested for that or any similar bacterial types. What do you know about this type of bacteria and is it treatable?                  Art: Hi Dr. Cabral, I noticed that every time I take Sacc. Boulardi and soil based probiotics at night, I sweat a lot. Why is that? Some background info: last year I came back with fungal overgrowth due to some high mycotoxins (fusarium/fumonisin B1). Thanks, Art                                                                                                                                          Paulina: How can I loose weight in menopause?                                                                                                                  Anonymous: Hi Dr. Cabral, I appreciate all that you and your amazing team do for this community. My question is about my husband. He is in his early 60's, active, and eats well (other than his sweet tooth). He does the quarterly detoxes with me (most of the time). He is 5'7" and about 155-160 lbs. Although we walk daily and go to the gym 2-3 times a week, he seems to be losing muscle and just looks skinny rather than healthy, which seems to be aging him. How can I help him add muscle for longevity and to protect his bones? Thank you.                                                                                                   Sarah: Hello! So blessed to have came across you, you've truly changed my life. I've completed a few of your protocols (CBO, HMD, functional detox) I live a healthy lifestyle and do a lot to support my lymph and detoxing (sauna, dry brush, gua sha, rebounding, supps etc!!) I know the effects of alcohol and that there is no safe amount consumed, although I'm not ready to give it up completely at this point in my life and save it for special occasions. Recently every time I drink the next day I am vomiting all day 10-20 times, I can't even keep water down without throwing up and this lasts until about 8pm at night. I used to experience this in my late teens when I would drink, although since improving my health I can drink without feeling too bad until recently. Any idea what's going on?       Thank you for tuning into this weekend's Cabral HouseCalls and be sure to check back tomorrow for our Mindset & Motivation Monday show to get your week started off right! - - - Show Notes and Resources: StephenCabral.com/3390 - - - Get a FREE Copy of Dr. Cabral's Book: The Rain Barrel Effect - - - Join the Community & Get Your Questions Answered: CabralSupportGroup.com - - - Dr. Cabral's Most Popular At-Home Lab Tests: > Complete Minerals & Metals Test (Test for mineral imbalances & heavy metal toxicity) - - - > Complete Candida, Metabolic & Vitamins Test (Test for 75 biomarkers including yeast & bacterial gut overgrowth, as well as vitamin levels) - - - > Complete Stress, Mood & Metabolism Test (Discover your complete thyroid, adrenal, hormone, vitamin D & insulin levels) - - - > Complete Food Sensitivity Test (Find out your hidden food sensitivities) - - - > Complete Omega-3 & Inflammation Test (Discover your levels of inflammation related to your omega-6 to omega-3 levels) - - - Get Your Question Answered On An Upcoming HouseCall: StephenCabral.com/askcabral - - - Would You Take 30 Seconds To Rate & Review The Cabral Concept? The best way to help me spread our mission of true natural health is to pass on the good word, and I read and appreciate every review!  

ADHD is not genetic! In this video, we'll examine the profound connection between ADHD and diet. Discover the foods that worsen ADHD symptoms, the relationship between ADHD and sugar intake, and the best ADHD diet to address the nutritional deficiencies that may be causing some of the symptoms in the first place. 0:00 Introduction: ADHD and poor nutrition0:13 ADHD diagnosis and ADHD symptoms 1:54 Side effects of ADHD medications 2:04 ADHD causes 3:32 ADHD and food4:24 ADHD and nutritional deficiencies 6:20 The best ADHD dietAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder is typically diagnosed by identifying the following ADHD symptoms:•Makes mistakes easily•Lack of attention to detail•Does not listen when spoken to directly •Doesn't complete tasks •Cannot play quietly•Problems organizing •Loses things•Frequent fidgeting •Too much energy•Talks too much Many ADHD symptoms are normal childhood behaviors, and a poor diet can exaggerate all of them. ADHD is often treated with Adderall and Ritalin, which make lots of money for Big Pharma. The definition of ADHD has been dramatically expanded to make it more diagnosable, putting more people on medication.A double-blinded study showed that after 36 months, any benefits from Adderall faded to zero. It also has side effects such as aggressive behavior or a dulled mood. ADHD involves a metabolic problem with the prefrontal cortex of the brain. These metabolic changes affect the way the brain metabolizes fuel. If the brain is starved of fuel, you may exhibit symptoms like a lack of attention and hyperactivity. Chemicals like food dyes, artificial sweeteners, sugar, starch, and MSG tremendously impact behavior. Increasing dopamine can improve focus and feelings of calmness. Foods such as meat, fish, eggs, and cheese are high in the amino acid L-tyrosine, the precursor to dopamine.Research has shown that micronutrients, especially B6, magnesium, and zinc, can significantly decrease ADHD symptoms. Omega-3 fatty acids and fish oils can also improve symptoms without side effects. Vitamin B1 is one of the most overlooked nutrients, especially in psychiatric conditions. When a child consumes a lot of glucose, vitamin B1 is depleted, inhibiting the brain's ability to utilize fuel. If an adult or child is experiencing ADHD symptoms, they should switch to a low-carb diet so their body can run on ketones. Ketones will fuel the neurons and restore a sense of calmness and increased attention span. Dr. Eric Berg DC Bio:Dr. Berg, age 60, is a chiropractor who specializes in Healthy Ketosis & Intermittent Fasting. He is the author of the best-selling book The Healthy Keto Plan, and is the Director of Dr. Berg Nutritionals. He no longer practices, but focuses on health education through social media.

On the morning of August 26, 1986, a cyclist in New York's Central Park discovered the body eighteen-year-old Jennifer Levin. Among other things, Levin had been strangled, there were superficial injuries on her face, and her shirt was pulled up. Later, the medical examiner reported that Jennifer had died only about an hour before she was discovered.It didn't take long for investigators to find Levin's assailant, after several patrons at a nearby bar reported seeing her with a man the night before. That man turned out to be nineteen-year-old Robert Chambers Jr., a privileged members of New York's Upper East Side high society. At first, Chambers denied having anything to do with the murder, but soon changed his story and claimed Levin had died during consensual “rough sex” initiated by Levin herself.Nicknamed the “The Preppy Killer” by the press, a reference to his good looks and obvious privilege, Chambers' trial became a media circus. Over the course of more than a year, people around the country watched as the defense tried—and with the help of the press, succeeded—to put the responsibility for Levin's murder on the victim, emphasizing her sexual history and manner of dress, among other things. Thank you to the Incredible Dave White of Bring Me the Axe Podcast for research and Writing support!ReferencesAssociated Press. 1994. "Central park killer is denied parole again." New York Times, December 23: B4.—. 1997. "Chambers says he is a 'political pawn'." New York Times, Janaury 10: 28.—. 2003. "In statement, Chambers says he regrets his actions." New York Times, February 14: B3.—. 1996. "Parole again denied in '86 killing in park." New York Times, December 17: B2.Freedman, Samuel. 1986. "Darkness beneath the glitter: life of suspect in park slaying." New York Times, August 28: 1.Fried, Joseph. 1986. "Chambers gives not guilty plea in park slaying." New York Times, September 23: B2.Hevesi, Dennis. 1988. "Grandfather faults tactics in park trial." New York Times, March 27: 32.Johnson, Kirk. 1988. "Chambers case turning on truth of confession." New York Times, Janaury 18: B3.—. 1988. "Chambers, with jury at impasse, admits 1st degree manslaughter." New York Times, March 26: 1.Nix, Crystal. 1986. "Slain woman found in park; suspect seized." New York Times, August 27: B1.Raab, Selwyn. 1986. "Lawyer weighs plea of insanity in park slaying." New York Times, August 30: 29.Rimer, Sara. 1986. "Slaying's notoriety touches young crowd on 'the circuit'." New York Times, August 29: 1.Stone, Michael. 1986. "East side story." New York Magazine, November 10.Sullivan, Ronald. 1988. "Chambers gets 5 to 15 years and offers apology in court." New York Times, April 16: 33.Taubman, Bryna. 1988. The Preppy Murder Trial. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press.Today Show. 2016. "Dubbed by the press as 'The Preppy Killer,' Robert Chambers pleaded guilty." Today Show, 01 01.Worth, Robert. 2003. "Robert Chambers to be freed after serving maximumu in 1986 killing." New York Times, February 13: B3.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.