Podcasts about Asuka

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This episode we cover the first silver mine in Japan, as well as the way that this sovereign is approaching offerings to the kami and handling family matters. For more check out: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-138   Rough Transcript: Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is Episode 138: Offerings and Covenants   A gentle summer breeze blew through the cherry-tree-covered hills of Yoshino valley.  The royal residence, a kind of summer home for the royal family, normally somewhat quiet, was suddenly abuzz with activity.  The regular groundskeepers and those who tended the site throughout the year mingled with servants sent from the capital to make it ready for a royal visit.  Rooms were aired out and swept. Metal fixtures were polished.  The kitchen was stocked and ready to go. It had been some years since the prince—now sovereign—had resided in the valley as an attempt to proclaim he had retired from the world.  Now he was sitting at the top of the state government, but as such, he was more often than not living in the grand palace in Asuka, which he had renovated at the start of his reign. This, the Yoshino palace, was left as more of a vacation home—though "home" hardly did it justice given its majesty compared to the meager dwellings that otherwise surrounded it. And now there was a massive royal procession on their way.  Sure, it was the sovereign and his queen, and only a handful of princes, but they would each need their own quarters and likely have their own household staff that would no doubt need to be fed and housed.  In such a way a "simple" outing for the royal family was so often anything but for those who had to make it happen. And yet, such labor was much preferred to toiling in the fields, especially as the heat of the day started to rise, and the height of summer loomed large in the all-too-immediate future.   Alright, so we are in the midst of the reign of Ohoama, aka Temmu Tennou, the brother of Naka no Ohoe, who came to power through the use of military force—purportedly used in self-defense—and the sovereign who would have a profound effect on solidifying the Ritsuryo state, as well as the Chronicles and the history of the archipelago as we know it.  We've talked about Ohoama's ascension to the throne, and even his first year.  We mentioned how, during his reign, he rewarded those who helped him, tweaked the rank system, and we talked a bit about what we know of the clothing and the material culture of the period. This episode, we continue looking at what occurred during Ohoama's reign.  Specifically we'll be covering some of the ways in which Ohoama and his court were shaping the government and the structures of power to serve him and his family.  This includes everything from ritual, such as making offerings to various kami, to the way that he seems to have centralized power to himself and his family, which would have lasting impacts through the Asuka and Nara periods. First, though, a tiny little digression about silver.  We start in the 3rd lunar month of the second year since Ohoama ascended the throne, or the year 674 by the western calendar.  We are told that Woshiumi no Miyatsuko no Ohokuni, the governor of Tsushima, the island that formed the main border between the archipelago and the mainland, reported that silver had been produced there for the first time, and sent in some as tribute.  This is the first recorded instance of silver being produced in Japan. At this time, silver mining was mostly limited to finding a vein of silver on the surface and digging it out as far as one could possibly go into the rock and stone.  Still, silver would eventually become an important resource for the archipelago.  Tsushima would continue to produce silver through modern times.  Granted, production was limited until new refining techniques were introduced from Joseon Korea in the 16th century.  This was just as Ming dynasty deposits were declining, and as such, silver would become a major export from the archipelago to the mainland.  Indeed, by the 17th century, it is said that Japan accounted for one quarter to one third of the entire world's silver production. For now, however, the discovery of native silver was certainly a good start, but the Yamato court wasn't switching to a silver coin currency just yet—rice and cloth were still the major currencies for tax and trade purposes.  Still this find seems not insignificant, and clearly the chroniclers thought so as well -- as did the court.  They granted Ohokuni, the governor of Tsushima, the rank of Lower Shoukin.  The silver produced by the mine was offered to the various kami of heaven and earth, and presents were made to the high ministers and others of the rank of Shoukin and above. Now back to the Chronicles, and to the meat of what I'll be talking about this episode. On the 3rd day of the 8th lunar month of 674, we are told that the Royal Prince Wosakabe was sent to Isonokami shrine to polish up the divine treasures, at which point the sovereign made a rather spectacular decree:  he declared that all of the precious things originally deposited in the sacred treasuries by the various houses should be returned to their descendants. This appears to be a reference to the long-standing practice by Yamato of demanding that those they had gained some level of hegemony over turn over their sacred objects for Yamato's keeping.    We talked about this back in episodes 19 and 29, for example, when we talked about how Mimaki Iribiko, aka Sujin Tenno, and Ikume Iribiko, aka Suinin Tenno, had both requested treasures from Izumo and elsewhere, to be stored in the treasure house of Isonokami. We aren't told what all of these treasures were, but we can deduce that these were sacred treasures of the different houses and localities, much as the mirror, jewel, and sword were sacred treasures of Yamato.  These were items that early on distinguished the elite class in the archipelago, and had come to be gathered in the divine store houses.  You may recall how, early on, we saw mentions in the Chroncles that ships sent out to meet with others from different lands would place such treasures on a makeshift tree on the deck as a way of depicting who they were—who they represented. It would seem that these sacred objects came to represent the divine ancestors of the elites, and so eventually were associated with the idea of power and authority.  As Yamato spread its influence, possibly as much through the spiritual authority of Mt. Miwa as through its economic and military capability, it seems to have demanded that the various lands that came under its sway place their sacred treasures in Yamato's storehouse—a powerful image of Yamato's authority.  In a sense, this was a kind of hostage situation: recognize our authority, or your most sacred treasures, representing your ancestors, will be at risk .  One wonders if this isn't part of the reason that we find buried caches of bronze ritual items, including weapons, bells, and other such things, perhaps as a means of keeping them safe from those who would steal them away. However, in the new era of the Ritsuryo system, those objects, while still considered divine and sacred, did not hold the same value as they once had.  Perhaps I'm reading too much into it, but this really seems to me to be particularly illustrative of the idea that the cultural imaginary of state power and authority had shifted.  Yamato's power and authority was no longer based on its role as a spiritual powerhouse as much as it was centered on the continental framework of a heavenly mandate and a system of laws and punishments.   And so, the sovereign could return the sacred items back to their descendants, because to do so did not cost him anything, and at the same time would no doubt earn him goodwill.  He could appear magnanimous and, in so doing, solidify his position as the supreme hegemon of this new state.  In many ways this acknowledged the importance of the divine treasures to the people and to the kami while also no doubt reinforcing Confucian stereotypes of the benevolent ruler. More importantly, this shows how Ohoama was restructuring the rituals of the state.  After all, he had the Jingikan, an entire governmental department dedicated to administering the various shrines and sacred rituals; so even if the sacred treasures were returned, they were still technically under the control of the state apparatus.  We've already talked about the Daijosai, the Feast of First Fruits for a new reign, a central ritual to which Ohoama had added further pomp and circumstance.  But as no less a scholar than Herman Ooms has written about, Ohoama also initiated the practice of ordering regular centralized offerings to not just one particular kami, but to several or even a number of kami, or shrines, at any given time.  We see this in the following year, on the 23rd day of the first lunar month of 675, in an almost off-hand remark. Later, in the 10th month of 676 offerings were made to all of the "Ahimbe" kami of Heaven and Earth—that is all of kami that were part of the festival of first fruits held on the first day of the rabbit on the 11th lunar month.  Offerings were also made to all of the Heavenly and Earthly kami on the second day of the year in 681. Of course, these offerings would not just be enriching the shrines of these various kami, but it would also reflect on the various uji connected to each of those shrines, as well. Another example of the court's involvement in these ritual innovations appears to be the worship of the deities at Tatsuta and Hirose.  The first example of that is also in 675, in the 4th month of that year.  Prince Mino and Saheki no Muraji no Hirotari were sent to the Wind-gods at Tateno, in Tatsuta.  Aston notes that there is a litany to the Wind-gods mentioned in the Engishiki, a 10th century collection of information on various rituals of the time, so this practice seems to have taken hold, at least enough to persist over 3 centuries later.  Also in the 4th month of 675, Hashibito no Muraji no Ohobuta and Sone no Muraji no Karainu were sent to worship the Oho-imi deity at Kahawa, in Hirose. The Oho-imi appears to be a "big abstinence" deity, whom Aston identifies with Waka'ukahime, responsible for food.  Worship is again paid twice in the year 676, once in 677, then twice again in 679, continuing twice a year, almost exclusively in the 4th and 7th lunar months, through the end of the reign.  Why were these particular deities chosen for special worship by the court?  Ooms notes that these shrines were built downstream along the Yamato river, which, along with its tributaries, was responsible for the irrigation of the crops in the Nara basin.  This mirrors, in some ways, the responsibility of rulers in the Yellow River and Yangzi river regions to help ensure the flow of the rivers while preventing devastating flooding – a very continental idea of the responsibilities of the sovereign, though expressed here with a particularly Japanese style. Indeed, Aston associates the deity at Hirose, with the deity of food.   Likewise, the Wind-deities at Tatsuta were also related to helping to grow crops.  After all, Tatsuta would have been situated near the break in the mountains that surrounds the Nara basin, where the Yamato River flows out towards the Kawachi plain.  As anyone who lives near a mountain gap is no doubt familiar, those areas are notorious for channeling weather phenomena, including storms, which can bring rain, but could also bring terrible winds.  So it does seem a natural point to pray for good weather for your harvest or otherwise, given the geography that made up the sovereign's world. We also have, in this reign, considerably more discussion of Ise than we've seen, previously.  In 673 we have the Royal Princess Ohoku no Himemiko entering the Saigu, the Abstinence, or Purification, Palace, where she was to be purified before going to Ise, which she did in the 10th lunar month of 674.  Ohoku is said to have been the first official Saiou, the unmarried royal princess sent to oversee shrine operations, of Ise Shrine.  This is a practice we see at multiple shrines, although it's most prominent at Ise. The term for the position in general is Saiou, although at Ise the royal princess would also be known as the Saiguu, after the purification palace.  Although Ohoku is said to have been the first Saiguu at Ise, this is muddied somewhat by some earlier mentions in the Chronicles.  There are those who are said to have been sent as Shrine Princesses to Ise back in the time of Mimaki Iribiko and Ikume Iribiko, but the process was largely discontinued—or at least rarely mentioned—until this period.  There are certainly several named individuals who are said to have served the Deity of Ise previously, starting with the presumably mythical Yamato Hime, who is credited with founding the shrine.  There are also various royal princesses are noted as either having served or as having been made ineligible due to their indiscretions. However, those earlier mentions rarely go into the detail we see here —starting with the abstinence hall, where the would-be Shrine Princess must purify herself prior to approaching the shrine, a process that took some time.  Certainly we first really see this put into action with Ohoku, and from that time the position of Saiguu or Saiou at Ise does appear to have been regularly filled.  That Ohoku was actually the first "Saiguu" shrine princess appears to be confirmed by the "Fusou Ryakki", which states that the first Saiou was appointed when then Prince Ohoama, in the midst of the Jinshin war, made a prayer to Ise and offered the royal princess Ohoku no Himemiko in exchange for victory.  In fact, a lot of the focus on Ise seems to stem from its apparent involvement, at the behest of either Ohoama or his consort, Uno no Sarara Hime, in the conflict. The following year we are told that the Royal Princesses Towochi and Abe proceeded to Ise Shrine as well, though presumably just for a brief visit.  Towochi, you may recall, was Ohoama's daughter who had been married to Ohotomo, aka Koubun Tennou, whom Ohoama had defeated to take the throne.  Abe was a daughter of Naka no Oe, half-sister to Ohoama's queen, Uno, and would eventually go on to marry the Crown Prince, Kusakabe.  That gives you some idea of the position of those were going to the shrine. Princess Towochi herself would fall ill a few years later in 678.  In fact, it was just as the sovereign himself was preparing to go pay a visit to the abstinence palace, perhaps so that he could also head out to Ise.  The court had a divination to figure out when he would leave, officers had cleared the roads, and the public functionaries were in a line of procession when word came that Princess Towochi, suddenly took ill and died within the palace.  This stopped everything in its tracks, and in that year there was no sacrifice made to the kami of heaven and earth.  I suspect that this was in part due to mourning and in part due to the pollution more generally associated with death. Two weeks later, she was buried at Akaho, and Ohoama raised a lament for her. Later, in 686, we are told that the Royal Princess Taki, the Princess Yamashiro no Hime, and the Lady Ishikawa were all sent to Ise Shrine, though Princess Taki returned in less than a fortnight. Why all this focus on Ise?  Remember that the Chronicles were begun in this era, and so the "truth" they would tell would be the truth that Ohoama and his immediate successors orchestrated. The focus on Amaterasu, her shrine at Ise, and the role of the sovereign as Heavenly Descendant was thus part of the overarching narrative that the Chroniclers tried to promote.  Still, hints that the focus on Ise shrine may have been something largely created in this era, however, are scattered throughout the existing literature, despite the Chroniclers' best efforts. For one thing, it is fairly clear that early on, the focus in the Chronicles is on  Mt. Miwa and the deity  Ohomononushi, rather than Amaterasu.  We also see the fingerprints of deities like Takami no Musubi, who in one story is the one who is actually responsible for sending the Heavenly Grandchild down to earth in the first place. It also seems telling that Amaterasu is not mentioned in earlier court rituals.  Worship of Amaterasu by the royal family takes place at Ise shrine.  Meanwhile, there are various rituals preserved within the traditions of the palace that include many other, seemingly older deities. I have also noted in the past how Ise shrine isn't even the primary shrine of Ise no Kuni.  In fact, that is claimed by Tsubaki shrine, the shrine to Saruta Hiko no Ohokami, with a separate shrine to Ame no Uzume, who are both said to have met the heavenly grandchild on his descent. None of this is to say that Ise Jingu was brand new at the time of the Chronicles' writing —there does seem to have been a shrine on that spot for some time, though even the Chronicles suggest that it might have been moved from a shrine originally housed in the Nara basin.  It is also possible, and even likely, that the rise of Ise and Amaterasu coincided with other trends at the time.  Even if the Sun Goddess had not always been centered in Yamato ritual, she was not a new deity, and it may have been the case that her prominence, and that of her shrine in Ise had been growing in prominence before this time, and so the court was now adopting that popularity for themselves.  Of course, Ohoama and Uno don't exactly spell out what they were attempting to achieve, beyond the unification of the archipelago, more broadly.  How, exactly, their focus on Ise Shrine was meant to play into that I don't know that I could fully state, but it certainly seems to have allowed the sovereign to create a new cultic focus for kami worship with a story that touched on regions from Kyushu all the way to the eastern shore of the Kii peninsula. Given the decentralized nature of kami worship, I don't believe it was possible to completely rewrite all of the stories—hence the numerous and conflicting accounts given in the Chronicles.  However, that is also what would have made it easier to hide newly fabricated—or perhaps simply exaggerated—stories in the mix.  And of course, it wasn't necessarily that the Chroniclers were creating things out of whole cloth, but they were able to choose those things that people would remember and what would be lost and forgotten over time.  They had to make the decision, for instance, which story they told was the "main" storyline, and which were listed as coming from "other books", implying a degree of separation from the truth. Through all of this, it certainly seems that propping up the royal family and its lineage was a central focus—even if that lineage was largely something that had recently been created.  As a reminder, we see a lot heavier reliance at this point on royal princes as opposed to other elite families, and an actual or implied reliance, in particular, on the royal family, as that is where Ohoama was consolidating most of the power and authority. Kitayama Shigeo coined the term "Koushin Seiji" to refer to this idea of a consolidated royal—or imperial—family managing the affairs of state.  Literally it is something like "Imperial Family Government".   In Shigeo's concept this was specifically an autocratic authority executed by the sovereign, and those of his immediate family.  Of course, writing in the post-war era, it is more than a little likely that Shigeo and others were looking at the concept of Tennou in the 20th century compared with many other world monarchs.  In that vein, the Asuka and Nara periods do seem to have been one of the rare times—perhaps even the last time—that the sovereigns had such a direct hand in the government and the making and establishment of law and tradition. That said, not everyone ascribes entirely to the idea that Ohoama was a completely autocratic despot—after all, it was clear that there were still plenty of powerful families in the archipelago, and the Ritsuryo state itself was also being strengthened.  Still, it does seem that Ohoama had brought his queen, Uno no Sarara, and his descendants into government.  And they would not only assist him, but continue his work for the next generations, such that even though the histories would not be finished until well after Ohoama's death, they would still show his influence on events. The dedication of the royal family to work as one is perhaps most clearly demonstrated in the events of the 5th lunar month of 679.  It was then that the sovereign, and his family, proceeded to the Yoshino Palace.  Now Ohoama had plenty of offspring—among them 10 sons.  And as long as he was around, there would be a certain amount of civility, but he knew all too well how things could break down after a sovereign's death.  And so he brought them together and he made them enter into a pact, which we know as the Yoshino Covenant, or Yoshino no Meiyaku.  Besides Ohoama himself, there were several others in attendance, presumably those who might stand to one day inherit the realm.  These included his partner and queen, Uno no Sarara Hime, as well as her son, Prince Kusakabe, who would be named Crown Prince, only a couple of years later.  It also included the Royal princes Ohotsu, Takechi, Kawashima, Osakabe, and Shiki.  All of these individuals were made to swear an oath to support each other, even though they were all from different mothers, and they agreed. But so what?  Why does it matter?  It is all well and good that Ohoama brought them together for a bit of kumbaya in his old digs away from the capital, but was there anything really to this covenant. This covenant is significant in several ways.  First off, it is clear that Ohoama was pulling in his family and trying to ensure they were onboard with what he was doing and what was planned.  Furthermore, it set out a clear line of succession, something that had not really been done up to this point. We have ideas on what would have made a candidate eligible, but other than naming a particular crown prince there hasn't exactly been any clear process or rules of precedence for who would assume the throne.  Here, though, we have a list that appears to be in order of precedence, since it otherwise may not seem to make sense, at least from a modern perspective. A key clue in the Chronicles is often the order of the names.  The most important or highest ranking person is usually given first, and then names are typically given in descending order of precedence.  There are clues that this is the case, but it becomes even more stark when we actually see reference to an individual's court rank or the size of their fief.  Since this period brings about court rank even for royal princes, we have some of that, at least in later records.  As such, there is the idea that this order was actually providing for a line of succession.   As I mentioned, up to this point, the contest for the throne was a toss up with each monarch's death.  Claims from competing princes were often considered equally valid until one proved their claim through a political or military victory.  Ohoama appears to have been trying to add greater structure to this.  Specifically, we see that Uno no Sarara's son, Kusakabe, is given pride of place.  In fact, throughout the Chronicle it is typical that we see the Chroniclers designate a queen—a Kougou—that is considered the primary wife.  This queen is almost always found to be the descendant of previous royalty, granting their child a doubly royal lineage, through both the maternal and paternal lines.   There has been plenty of reason to doubt that this was actually the case, and it often seems like the Chroniclers stretched things more than a bit to make it all work out.  However, now we are almost more concerned with the very *truth* that the Chroniclers were attempting to burn into the social consciousness rather than the historical facts, because that gives us direct insight into how the court of the day viewed succession and legitimacy.And that does lead to another possible thought:  since the Chroniclers knew how things turned out it is possible that they were the ones ensuring that the order was as we have it.  So we cannot definitively say that this exactly mirrors's Ohoama's idea, but it certainly seems in line with his history and intentions and helps set the stage for us, at least, regarding what would later transpire in regards to succession.. Getting back to the covenant, as I noted, the first person listed, after Ohoama and Uno no Sarara Hime, is Prince Kusakabe.  He would be about 17 or 18 years old at this time, which is probably why he wasn't formally named Crown Prince until a couple of years later.  He isn't the eldest son, however.  Rather he was the second son.  Ohoama's eldest son, Prince Takechi, was actually third in line. Takechihad been with his father helping to lead the troops during the Jinshin War. While he was some 8 years senior to Kusakabe, he was nonetheless a son of Amago no Musume, one of Ohoama's consorts from a powerful clan, but not a royal princess like Uno no Sarara, Kusakabe's mother. Between Kusakabe and Takechi, in the second place spot for succession, was actually Prince Ohotsu, whom we also mentioned during the Jinshin War.  Ohotsu was likely 16-17 years old around this time.  While he was the third eldest child, he, like Kusakabe, was the son of a Royal Princess, Princess Ota, daughter of Naka no Oe, giving him greater bonafides than Takechi, apparently. So, in the top three slots, we have: Ohoama's eldest son by a royal mother, Ohoama's second eldest son by a royal mother, and finally Ohoama's eldest son by a non-royal mother. Fourth in line, and the 4th eldest, presumably, though I don't know that we have an actual age for him, is Prince Wosakabe.  He likely wasn't too young, however, as he had been given the task, previously, to polish the divine treasures in Isonokami's storehouse. It would appear that six of Ohoama's other sons didn't even get a mention.  That includes Princes Naga and Yuge, born to another daughter of Naka no Ohoe, Ohoye no Himemiko.  Then there is Prince Toneri, son of Royal Princess Nittabe, not to be confused with Royal Prince Nittabe, Ohoama's son by way of a daughter of Fujiwara no Kamatari.  Finally there was Royal Prince Hodzumi, a maternal grandson of Soga no Akaye, and Prince Shiki, a full brother to Prince Wosakabe. Prince Toneri is particularly conspicuous in his absence.  We know that he held the 5th rank, and two positions in government—that of Nagon, or Councillor, as well as the Minister of the Household, our Kunaikyou.  This may be because he was not doing so well.  We aren't told the story until the following year, on the 2nd day of the 7th lunar month of 680, when we are told that Prince Toneri took ill and was on the point of death.  His half-brother, Prince Takechi, went to check on him, and a day later Toneri passed away.  The way these are written it would be easy to believe that it all happened in a pretty short timeframe, but it is also just as likely that illness lingered, especially without modern medicine.  So it is possible that Prince Toneri was too sick at the time of the original covenant, though there could be some other reason we weren't told. This doesn't necessarily hold for all of the others, though.  For instance, we have the Princes Naga and Yuge mentioned in 693, well over a decade later, being granted the 2nd Broader Pure Rank at the same time that Prince Takechi is granted the 1st Broader Pure Rank.  So we can at least see that they were ranked below Takechi.   Similarly we see Prince Hodzumi likewise attained 2nd Broader Pure Rank at some point, and was still around to have his own fief and to receive houses to it in the following reign.  Hozumi even ranked above some of the others were in Yoshino, and yet was not present. It is possible that the princes not mentioned, assuming they had not met with an untimely end that was not mentioned in the record somewhere, could have been too young or too junior at the time of the meeting.  After all, when we look at the known ages of those who were there, we see that Prince Takechi may have been 25 years old, but Prince Kusakabe and Prince Otsu were just under 20, and it is unclear if others were older or younger than they were. There are two other princes who were part of the covenant who were not, perhaps surprisingly, sons of Ohoama.  Rather they were his nephews, sons of Ohoama's brother, Naka no Ohoe.  They were the princes Kawashima and Shiki. Kawashima is mentioned several times throughout the record.  Kawashima's mother was from a high ranking noble family, but given that Kawashima was married to his cousin, one of Ohoama's daughters, that may have brought him closer to the family.  He was about 22 years old at the time, too.  We see him often teaming up with Prince Osakabe on various projects, including the project to compile together the history of the royal household.  In fact, Prince Kawashima always precedes Prince Osakabe when they are mentioned together.  That said, we have evidence of Kawashima only being awarded up to 3rd Greater Pure rank, below even that of some who were not present, such as Prince Hodzumi.  His importance and impact, however, is noted through his numerous appearances in the record. In contrast, Prince Shiki has almost no mentions in the record.  It doesn't help that there are two Princes Shiki, one born to Naka no Ohoye and one born to Ohoama.  Their names are spelled differently, however, and although the first character of "Shiki" used in the Yoshino record matches neither name, the second character suggests that this was the son of Naka no Ohoye and not the Shiki that was brother to Prince Osakabe—though given that one followed the other in the record, there may have been some confusion on this point. And with all of that we have our apparent line of succession, as well as an idea of who the movers and shakers might be within the royal family.  From Ohoama and Uno no Sarara, we have Princes Kusakabe, Ohotsu, Takechi, Kawashima, Osakabe, and Shiki.  Six princes, four directly descended from the current sovereign, Ohoama, and two from the Naka no Ohoe lineage. Obviously, promoting the idea of a strictly patrilineal succession of father to son would have caused some problems for Ohoama's own legitimacy, not that anyone was going to gainsay him while he was on the throne.  However, with Kusakabe they seem to have established that in a de facto format, at least.  Furthermore it provided a blueprint for succession might fall to the other lines should the main line not work out.  This put Prince Ohotsu as next in line, should anything happen to Kusakabe, followed by Takechi.  That Kawashima may have had a shot over Osakabe and then Shiki is interesting as it suggests that it wasn't strictly about who descended from whom. We'll have to wait for Ohoama's death before we can fully appreciate how well this worked, of course.  Throughout history, agreements and covenants amongst powerful interests are often only as permanent as long as all of the interests remain aligned with one another, whether through mutual benefit or threat of consequences.  Once the power shifts, as it always does, those promises and treaties are almost always up for renegotiation, unless they are supported by some higher authority, whatever that might be. Following the royal family's off-site, they returned to the palace in Asuka.  There they had a formal ceremony in the Great Hall, the Ohodono, where the six princes all demonstrated their allegiance and paid respects to Ohoama.  Given the timing of this event, one can likely assume that it was a kind of public acknowledgement of the covenant and the agreement that they would all be working together as a united front on the project of the government. And with that, I think we can bring it to  a close for now.  There is plenty more about this reign to discuss before we move on, but we'll get there. Until then, if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

Fluent Fiction - Japanese: Finding Warmth and Connection in Kyoto's Autumn Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/ja/episode/2025-11-14-08-38-20-ja Story Transcript:Ja: 京都の郊外にある寄宿学校は、秋の黄金色の木々に囲まれていた。En: The boarding school located in the suburbs of Kyoto was surrounded by trees of golden autumn.Ja: 彼らのいるキャンパスの進み方は静かで穏やか。En: The way they moved about the campus was quiet and calm.Ja: そんな中、ハルキとアスカはオンキャンパスの小さなお店に向かって歩いていた。En: Amidst this, Haruki and Asuka were walking towards a small on-campus shop.Ja: そこの店は温かい空気を漂わせ、棚にはスカーフやノート、スナックなどの必需品が並んでいた。En: The store exuded a warm atmosphere, with shelves lined with essentials like scarves, notebooks, and snacks.Ja: 「最近どう？En: "How have you been lately?"Ja: 」とアスカはハルキに声をかけた。En: Asuka asked Haruki.Ja: ハルキは深く息をつきながら「少し家が恋しいんだ」と答えた。En: Haruki took a deep breath and replied, "I've been feeling a bit homesick."Ja: 彼は真面目な学生で、いつも高成績を維持することに追い込まれていた。En: He was a serious student, always pressured to maintain high grades.Ja: 季節は秋、間もなく「七五三」の季節が訪れる。En: The season was autumn, and soon the time for Shichi-Go-San would arrive.Ja: アスカは少し瞳を曇らせながら話した。En: Asuka, with her eyes slightly clouded, spoke.Ja: 「七五三で妹弟に贈るものを探しているんだけど、何がいいか分からないの」ハルキは勉強ばかりでなく、少しの楽しみも必要だと気づきアスカと一緒に買い物に行くことを決めた。En: "I'm looking for something to give my younger siblings for Shichi-Go-San, but I don't know what would be good."Ja: 「一緒に探してみよう」と彼は言った。En: Realizing that some enjoyment was needed along with all the studying, Haruki decided to go shopping with Asuka.Ja: 店に着くと、偶然にも手編みのスカーフがセールになっていた。En: "Let's look together," he said.Ja: 柔らかく、家庭的な温かさを感じるスカーフを手に取るハルキ。En: When they reached the store, they happened to find hand-knitted scarves on sale.Ja: アスカはにっこりと微笑んで「これが家を思い出させるんじゃない？En: Haruki picked up a scarf that felt soft and exuded a homely warmth.Ja: 」と優しく言った。En: Asuka smiled warmly and said, "Doesn't this remind you of home?"Ja: 「その通り」とハルキはうなずく。En: "Exactly," Haruki nodded.Ja: 彼は心の中の重荷が少し軽くなった気がした。En: He felt as if a weight on his heart had become a little lighter.Ja: アスカは、シンプルで心のこもった気持ちが大切だと気づいて、小さなかわいいお土産と一緒に、妹弟への手紙を書くことに決めた。En: Asuka realized the importance of simple, heartfelt gestures and decided to write a letter to her siblings along with a small cute souvenir.Ja: 店を出るとき、ハルキは買ったスカーフを肩に掛け、少し心が軽くなった感じがした。En: As they left the store, Haruki draped the scarf he bought over his shoulder, feeling his heart lighten a bit.Ja: アスカも心からのお土産の準備を始め、そのあと温かい気持ちで家族と繋がれることを願っていた。En: Asuka also began preparing her heartfelt gift, hoping it would connect her with her family with warmth.Ja: 秋の風は優しく、寄宿学校の庭を吹き抜けた。En: The autumn breeze gently blew through the boarding school's garden.Ja: ハルキとアスカはそれぞれ新たな気持ちを抱きながら、寄宿舎へと戻っていったのだった。En: Haruki and Asuka returned to the dormitory, each holding newfound feelings in their hearts.Ja: 彼らの心には、それぞれの大切な気づきが刻まれている。En: In their hearts, the importance of their individual realizations was etched. Vocabulary Words:boarding school: 寄宿学校suburbs: 郊外exuded: 漂わせessentials: 必需品maintain: 維持するshichi-go-san: 七五三siblings: 妹弟realizations: 気づきdraped: 掛けclouded: 曇らせhomely: 家庭的souvenir: お土産reflect: 反映するgestures: 行動gently: 優しくautumn: 秋homesick: 家が恋しいatmosphere: 空気shelves: 棚individual: それぞれのetched: 刻まれているconnect: 繋がれるheartfelt: 心からのcaptured: 捕らえたcalm: 穏やかcontemplate: 考えるrealized: 気づいたgesture: 気持ちshopping: 買い物breeze: 風

Welcome to NoSo Takeover, a journey through the history of WWE NXT's biggest events! In this episode, JT, Aaron & Jenny run through NXT Takeover: Orlando from April 2017! They discuss the debut of Aleister Black, Asuka taking down another contender, the changing of the guard in the tag team division, Bobby Roode picking up another big win, Drew McIntyre's arrival and so much more! Join us as we take over the podcast world with NXT!

PWTorch editor Wade Keller presents the Tuesday Flagship edition of the Wade Keller Pro Wrestling Podcast with PWTorch's Sean Radican. They discuss these topics:AEW Blood & Guts previewThe future of The Death RidersAEW Full Gear build so farDisappointment with Samoa Joe's heel promos so farTriple H's weird intro for John Cena on RawThe home stretch of John Cena's wrestling career including the Dom angleWWE War Games buildNikki Bella's cliched turnWho belongs on the Mt. Rushmore of ROHOther topics on A.J. Styles, C.M. Punk, Iyo Sky and Asuka, Drew McIntyre, moreBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/wade-keller-pro-wrestling-podcast--3076978/support.

John Cena Wins IC TitleLast Time Is Now Tournament Kicks OffKabuki Warriors Win Women's Tag Team TitlesPWI 2025 Women's Top 250 ReleasedWWE pulled off a shocker in Boston last night, as John Cena defeated Dominik Mysterio to win the Intercontinental Championship, becoming 22nd male and 28th overall Grand Slam Champion in WWE History. We break down this entire segment, from the opening with Triple H, to the interruption by Mysterio leading to a confrontation and impromptu title defense of the IC title in front of a packed crowd at the TD Garden. Was it the right call to have Cena dethrone Dominik? How does the IC title factor into Cena's final month? What's next for Dominik? We also saw the kickoff of the Last Time Is Now tournament, with the first 4 matches taking place and more opening round matches announced, including the tease of 2 mystery entrants. Who could the mystery participants be? We share our take, as well as recap the winners so far. Raw saw another big title change, as the Kabuki Warriors defeated Charlotte Flair and Alexa Bliss to become the new Women's Tag Team Champions, which also led to the setup for the Women's War Games Match at Survivor Series in just under 3 weeks. Was it the right time to take the titles off of Charlotte and Alexa, and should they remain in a tag team? Finally, PWI released their list of the Top 250 Women's Wrestlers in the world. The discuss the Top 10 and debate if they nailed the Top 10. Who was snubbed? All of this and more on this week's episode of the Lazy Booking Podcast on A2D Radio! S/P: Specialized Physical Therapy | specializedphysicaltherapy.com OTs: 

In this episode: John Cena issues public statement following his Intercontinental title victory at WWE RAW, Nikki Bella turns heel against Stephanie Vaquer during last night's edition of WWE RAW, Asuka and Kairi Sane win the WWE women's tag team titles from Charlotte Flair and Alexa Bliss, News regarding WWE vs. NXT matches being announced for Saturday Night's Main Event, and WWE's official Shop website reveals the company's top merchandise sellers of 2025Support Ridge Holland: https://gofund.me/4494299e3Kerr County Flood Relief Fund: https://cftexashillcountry.fcsuite.com/erp/donate/create/fund?funit_id=4201Support Katie: https://gofund.me/cb2cdcb5Support Eastern Kentucky: https://secure.kentucky.gov/formservices/Finance/stormreliefAmerican Red Cross: https://www.redcross.org/donate/cm/wlky32-pub.html/The Dream Center: https://www.ekdc.info/donateKCTCS Disaster Relief: https://kctcs.edu/disasterrelief.aspxUniversity of Kentucky Flood Relief: https://philanthropy.uky.edu/kentuckyfloodreliefIf you like what you hear on the podcast, consider helping me out a little bit financially at: https://www.patreon.com/jamminjon

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WWE RAW 11/3/25 kicks off live from Rio Rancho, New Mexico, and Journalist Lee Sanders is back to break down every explosive turn. Tonight: new World Heavyweight Champion CM Punk makes his first appearance since claiming gold, and the fallout is real. Plus: what's next for Jey Uso after his title loss, and the card heats up with major match-ups including:AJ Styles & Dragon Lee (c) vs. Finn Bálor & JD McDonagh for the World Tag Team Championship Nikki Bella & Stephanie Vaquer vs. Roxanne Perez & Raquel Rodriguez Bayley & Lyra Valkyria vs. The Kabuki Warriors (Asuka & Kairi Sane) And singles action: Penta vs. El Grande Americano Join me as we unpack the angles, dissect CM Punk's first steps as champion, speculate on Jey Uso's trajectory, and set up the road to WAR Games. Don't miss a minute of the action.BROUGHT TO YOU IN PART BY JustMoviePosters.comHolidays are here! Don't let your walls be blank any lonfer!

The Pro Wrestling Boom Podcast with Jason Powell features Brass Ring Media and SI.com's Zack Heydorn on AEW introducing a new men's singles title, WWE WarGames vs. AEW Blood & Guts, John Cena's last match, WM42 possibilities...

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This episode we start to get more into the material culture of the period with court fashion, as we look at the court robes that went along with the updated court ranks.  Granted, we only have a few resources, but from those it does seem like we can construct at least a plausible idea of what the court may have looked like at this time. For more discussion, check out the blogpost:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-137   Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is Episode 137:  Courtly Fashion. In the New Year's ceremony, the court officials lined up in front of the Kiyomihara Palace, arranged by their relative court rank, dressed in their assigned court robes.  The effect was impressive—the rows of officials painting the courtyard like the bands of color in a rainbow, albeit one with only a couple of hues.  The fact that they were all wearing the same style of dress and black, stiffened gauze hats only added to the effect.  The individual officers were all but lost in what was, at least in outward form, a single, homogenous machine of government, just waiting for the command of their monarch to attend to the important matters of state. We are covering the reign of Ohoama no Ohokimi, aka Ama no Nunahara oki no mabito no Sumera no Mikoto, aka Temmu Tennou.  Last episode we went over the changes he had made to the family titles—the kabane—as well as to the courtly rank system.  For the former, he had consolidated the myriad kabane and traditional titles across Yamato into a series of eight—the Yakusa no Kabane.   These were, from highest to lowest: Mabito, Asomi, Sukune, Imiki, Michinoshi, Omi, Muraji, and Inaki.  By the way, you might notice that "Mabito" actually occurs in Ohoama's posthumous name:  Ama no Nunahara oki no mabito, which lends more credence to the idea that that kabane was for those with a special connection to the royal lineage. Besides simplifying and restructuring the kabane, Ohoama also reformed the court rank system.  He divided the Princely ranks into two categories:  Myou, or Bright, and Jou, or Pure.  For the court nobles the categories were:                Shou – Upright                Jiki – Straight                Gon – Diligent                Mu – Earnest                Tsui – Pursue                Shin – Advancement Each category was further divided into four grades (except for the very first princely category, Myou, which was only two).  Each grade was then further divided into large, "dai", or broad, "kou". And this brings us to our topic today. Along with this new rank system, Ohoama's administration also instituted a new set of court sumptuary laws. Some are vague in the record—we can just make assumptions for what is going on based on what we know from later fashion choices.  Others are a little more clear.  We'll take a look at those sumptuary laws, particularly those that were directly associated with the new court rank system, but we'll also look at the clothing styles more generally. To start with, let's talk about what we know about clothing in the archipelago in general.  Unfortunately, fabric doesn't tend to survive very well in the generally acidic soils of the Japanese archipelago.  Cloth tends to break down pretty quickly.  That said, we have fragments here and there and impressions in pottery, so we have some idea that there was some kind of woven fabric from which to make clothing out of. And before I go too far I want to give a shout out to the amazing people at the Kyoto Costume Museum.  They have a tremendous website and I will link to it in the comments.  While there may be some debate over particular interpretations of historical clothing, it is an excellent resource to get a feel for what we know of the fashion of the various periods.  I'll also plug our own website, SengokuDaimyo.com, which has a "Clothing and Accessory" section that, while more geared towards Heian and later periods, may still be of some use in looking up particular terms and getting to know the clothing and outfits. At the farthest reaches of pre-history, we really don't have a lot of information for clothing.  There is evidence of woven goods in the Jomon period, and we have Yayoi burials with bits of cloth here and there, but these are all scraps.  So at best we have some conjecture as to what people were wearing, and possibly some ability to look across the Korean peninsula and see what people had, there. There are scant to no reliable records from early on in Japanese history, and most of those don't really do a great job of describing the clothing.  Even where we do get something, like the Weizhi, one has to wonder given how they tended to crib notes from other entries. There is at least one picture scroll of interest: Portraits of Periodical Offering of Liang, or Liáng -Zhígòngtú.  It is said to have been painted by Xiao Yi in the early 6th century, and while the original no longer exists there is an 11th century copy from the time of the Song Dynasty.  The scroll shows  various ambassadors to the Liang court, including one from Wa.  The Wa ambassador is shown with what appears to be a wide piece of cloth around his hips and legs, tied in front.  His lower legs are covered in what we might call kyahan today: a rather simple wrap around leg from below the knee to the foot.  He has another, blue piece of cloth around his shoulders, almost like a shawl, and it is also tied in front.  Then there is a cloth wrapped and tied around his head. It's hard to know how much of this depiction is accurate and how much the artist was drawing on memory and descriptions from things like the Weizhi or Wei Chronicles, which stated that the Wa people wore wide cloths wrapped around and seamlessly tied As such, it may be more helpful to look at depictions actually from the archipelago: specifically, some of the human-figured haniwa, those clay cylinders and statues that adorned the burial mounds which gave the kofun period its name.  Some of these haniwa are fairly detailed, and we can see ties, collars, and similar features of clothing. These haniwa primarily seem to cluster towards the end of the Kofun period, in the later 6th century, so it is hard to say how much they can be used for earlier periods, though that is exactly what you will typically see for periods where we have little to know evidence.  I'm also not sure how regional certain fashions might have been, and we could very much be suffering from survivorship bias—that is we only know what survived and assume that was everything, or even the majority. Still, it is something. Much of what we see in these figures is some kind of upper garment that has relatively tight sleeves, like a modern shirt or jacket might have, with the front pieces overlapping create a V-shaped neckline.  The garment hem often hangs down to just above the knee, flaring out away from the body, and it's held closed with ties and some kind of belt, possibly leather in some cases, and in others it looks like a tied loop of cloth.  There is evidence of a kind of trouser, with two legs, and we see ties around the knee.  In some cases, they even have small bells hanging from the ties.  Presumably the trousers might have ties up towards the waist, but we cannot see that in the examples we have. We also see individuals who have no evidence of any kind of bifurcated lower garment.  That may indicate an underskirt of some kind, or possibly what's called a "mo"—but it could also be just a simplification for stability, since a haniwa has a cylindrical base anyway.  It is not always obvious when you are looking at a haniwa figure whether it depicts a man or woman: in some cases there are two dots on the chest that seem to make it obvious, but the haniwa do come from different artisans in different regions, so there is a lot of variability. We also see evidence of what seem to be decorative sashes that are worn across the body, though not in all cases.  There are various types of headgear and hairstyles.  Wide-brimmed and domed hats are not uncommon, and we also see combs and elaborate hairstyles depicted.  On some occasions we can even see that they had closed toed shoes.  For accessories, we see haniwa wearing jewelry, including necklaces (worn by both men and women), bracelets, and earrings.  In terms of actual human jewelry, early shell bracelets demonstrate trade routes, and the distinctive magatama, or comma shaped jewel, can be found in the archipelago and on the Korean peninsula, where it is known as "gogok".  Based on lines or even colored pigment on the haniwa, it appears that many of these outfits were actually quite heavily decorated.  Paint on the outfits is sometimes also placed on the face, suggesting that they either painted or tattooed themselves, something mentioned in the Wei Chronicles.  We also have archaeological examples of dyed cloth, so it is interesting that people are often depicted in undyed clothing.  There is one haniwa that I find particularly interesting, because they appear to be wearing more of a round-necked garment, and they have a hat that is reminiscent of the phrygian cap: a conical cap with the top bent forward.  These are traits common to some of the Sogdians and other Persian merchants along the silk road, raising the possibility that it is meant to depict a foreigner, though it is also possible that it was just another local style. If we compare this to the continent, we can see some immediate difference.  In the contemporaneous Sui dynasty, we can see long flowing robes, with large sleeves for men and women.  The shoes often had an upturned placket that appears to have been useful to prevent one from tripping on long, flowing garments.  Many of these outfits were also of the v-neck variety, with two overlapping pieces, though it is often shown held together with a fabric belt that is tied in front.  The hats appear to either be a kind of loose piece of fabric, often described as a turban, wrapped around the head, the ends where it ties together trailing behind, or black lacquered crowns—though there were also some fairly elaborate pieces for the sovereign. As Yamato started to import continental philosophy, governance, and religion, they would also start to pick up on continental fashion.  This seems particularly true as they adopted the continental concept of "cap rank" or "kan-i". Let's go over what we know about this system, from its first mention in the Chronicles up to where we are in Ohoama's reign. As a caveat, there is a lot we don't know about the details of these garments, but we can make some guesses. The first twelve cap-ranks, theoretically established in 603, are somewhat questionable in their historicity, as are so many things related to Shotoku Taishi.  And their names are clearly based on Confucian values:  Virtue, Humanity, Propriety, Faith, Justice, and Wisdom, or Toku, Nin, Rei, Shin, Gi, and Chi.  The five values and then just "Virtue", itself. The existence of this system does seem to be confirmed by the Sui Shu, the Book of Sui, which includes a note in the section on the country of Wa that they used a 12 rank system based on the Confucian values, but those values were given in the traditional Confucian order vice the order given in the Nihon Shoki.   The rank system of the contemporaneous Sui and Tang dynasties was different from these 12 ranks, suggesting that the Yamato system either came from older dynasties—perhaps from works on the Han dynasty or the Northern and Southern Dynasty, periods—or they got it from their neighbors, Baekje, Silla, and Goguryeo.  There does seem to be a common thread, though, that court rank was identifiable in one's clothes. As for the caps themselves, what did they look like?  One would assume that the Yamato court just adopted a continental style cap, and yet, which one? It isn't fully described, and there are a number of types of headwear that we see in the various continental courts. Given that, we aren't entirely sure exactly what it looked like, but we do have a couple of sources that we can look at and use to make some assumptions.  These sources l ead us to the idea of a round, colored cap made of fabric, around the brim that was probably the fabric or image prescribed for that rank.  It is also often depicted with a bulbous top, likely for the wearer's hair, and may have been tied to their top knot.     Our main source for this is the Tenjukoku Mandala Embroidery (Tenjukoku-mandara-shuuchou) at Chuuguuji temple, which was a temple built for the mother of Prince Umayado, aka Shotoku Taishi.    This embroidery was created in 622, so 19 years after the 12 ranks would have been implemented. It depicts individuals in round-necked jackets that appear to have a part straight down the center.  Beneath the jacket one can see a pleated hem, possibly something like a "hirami", a wrapped skirt that is still found in some ceremonial imperial robes.  It strikes me that this could also be the hem of something like the hanpi, which was kind of like a vest with a pleated lower edge.  Below that we see trousers—hakama—with a red colored hem—at least on one figure that we can see.  He also appears to be wearing a kind of slipper-like shoe. As for the women, there are a few that appear to be in the mandala, but it is hard to say for certain as the embroidery has been damaged over the years. That said, from what we can tell, women probably would have worn something similar to the men in terms of the jacket and the pleated under-skirt, but then, instead of hakama, we see a pleated full-length skirt, or mo.  We also don't have a lot of evidence for them wearing hats or anything like that. The round necked jacket is interesting as it appears to be similar to the hou that was common from northern China across the Silk Road, especially amongst foreigners.  This garment  came to displace the traditional robes of the Tang court and would become the basis for much of the court clothing from that period, onwards.  The round necked garment had central panels that overlapped, and small ties or fastenings at either side of the neck to allow for an entirely enclosed neckline.  This was more intricate than just two, straight collars, and so may have taken time to adopt, fully. The next change to the cap-rank system was made in 647, two years into the Taika Reform.  The ranks then were more directly named for the caps, or crowns—kanmuri—and their materials and colors.  The ranks translate to Woven, Embroidered, Purple, Brocade, Blue, Black, and finally "Establish Valor" for the entry level rank. The system gets updated two years later, but only slightly.  We still see a reference to Woven stuff, Embroidery, and Purple, but then the next several ranks change to Flower, Mountain, and Tiger—or possibly Kingfisher.  These were a little more removed from the cap color and material, and may have had something to do with designs that were meant to be embroidered on the cap or on the robes in some way, though that is just speculation based on later Ming and Qing court outfits. Naka no Ohoye then updates it again in 664, but again only a little.  He seems to add back in the "brocade" category, swapping out the "flower", and otherwise just adds extra grades within each category to expand to 26 total rank grades. And that brings us to the reforms of 685, mentioned last episode.  This new system was built around what appear to be moral exhortations—Upright, Straight, Diligent, Earnest, etc.  And that is great and all, but how does that match up with the official robes? What color goes with each rank category?  Fortunately, this time around, the Chronicle lays it out for us pretty clearly. First off we are given the color red for the Princely ranks—not purple as one might have thought.  Specifically, it is "Vermillion Flower", hanezu-iro, which Bentley translates as the color of the "Oriental bush" or salmon.  In the blogpost we'll link to a table of colors that the founder of Sengoku Daimyo, Anthony Bryant, had put together, with some explanation of how to apply it.  I would note that there is often no way to know exactly what a given color was like or what shades were considered an acceptable range.  Everything was hand-dyed, and leaving fabric in the dye a little longer, changing the proportions, or just fading over time could create slightly different variants in the hue, but we think we can get pretty close. From there we have the six "common" ranks for the nobility.  Starting with the first rank, Upright, we have "Dark Purple".  Then we have "Light Purple".  This pattern continues with Dark and Light Green and then Dark and Light Grape or Lilac.  Purple in this case is Murasaki, and green here is specifically Midori, which is more specifically green than the larger category of "Aoi", which covers a spectrum of blue to green.  The grape or lilac is specifically "suou", and based on Bentley's colors it would be a kind of purple or violet. The idea is that the official court outfits for each rank would be the proper color.  And yes, that means if you get promoted in rank, your first paycheck—or rice stipend—is probably going to pay for a new set of official clothes.  Fortunately for the existing court nobles at the time, in the last month of 685, the Queen provided court clothing for 55 Princes and Ministers, so they could all look the part. And the look at court was important.  In fact, several of the edicts from this time focus specifically on who was allowed—or expected—to wear what.  For instance, in the 4th month of 681, they established 92 articles of the law code, and among those were various sumptuary laws—that is to say, laws as to what you could wear.  We are told that they applied to everyone from Princes of the blood down to the common person, and it regulated the wearing of precious metals, pearls, and jewels; the type of fabric one could use, whether purple, brocade, embroidery, or fine silks; and it also regulated woollen carpets, caps, belts, and the colors of various things. And here I'd like to pause and give some brief thought to how this played into the goals of the court, generally, which is to say the goal of creating and establishing this new system of governance in the cultural psyche of the people of the archipelago.  From the continental style palaces, to the temples, and right down to the clothing that people were wearing, this was all orchestrated, consciously or otherwise, to emphasize and even normalize the changes that were being introduced.  When everything around you is conforming to the new rules, it makes it quite easy for others to get on board. The court had surrounded themselves with monumental architecture that was designed along continental models and could best be explained through continental reasoning.  Even if they weren't Confucian or Daoist, those lines of reasoning ran through the various cultural and material changes that they were taking up.  Sure, they put their own stamp on it, but at the same time, when everything is right in front of you, it would become that much harder to deny or push back against it. And when you participated in the important rituals of the state, the clothing itself became a part of the pageantry.  It reinforced the notion that this was something new and different, and yet also emphasized that pushing against it would be going against the majority.  So court uniforms were another arm of the state's propaganda machine, all designed to reinforce the idea that the heavenly sovereign—the Tennou—was the right and just center of political life and deserving of their position.  Getting back to the sumptuary laws and rank based regulations: It is unfortunate that the record in the Nihon Shoki doesn't tell us exactly how things were regulated, only that they were, at least in some cases.  So for anything more we can only make assumptions based on later rules and traditions.  A few things we can see right away, though.  First is the restriction of the color purple.  Much as in Europe and elsewhere in the world, getting a dark purple was something that was not as easy as one might think, and so it tended to be an expensive dye and thus it would be restricted to the upper classes—in this case the princely and ministerial rank, no doubt.  Similarly brocade and fine silks were also expensive items that were likely restricted to people of a particular social station for that reason. The mention of woolen rugs is particularly intriguing.  Bentley translates this as woven mattresses, but I think that woolen rugs makes sense, as we do have examples of woolen "rugs" in Japan in at least the 8th century, stored in the famous Shousouin repository at Toudaiji temple, in Nara.  These are all imported from the continent and are actually made of felt, rather than woven.  As an imported item, out of a material that you could not get in the archipelago, due to a notable lack of sheep, they would have no doubt been expensive. The funny thing is that the carpets in the Shousouin may not have been meant as carpets.  For the most part they are of a similar size and rectangular shape, and one could see how they may have been used as sleeping mattresses or floor coverings.  However, there is some conjecture that they came from the Silk Road and may have been originally meant as felt doors for the tents used by the nomadic steppe peoples.  This is only conjecture, as I do not believe any of these rugs have survived in the lands where they would have been made, but given the size and shape and the modern yurt, it is not hard to see how that may have been the case.  Either way, I tend to trust that this could very well have meant woolen rugs, as Aston and the kanji themselves suggest, though I would understand if there was confusion or if it meant something else as wool was not exactly common in the archipelago at that time or in the centuries following. The last section of the regulations talks about the use of caps and belts.  The caps here were probably of continental origin:  The kanmuri, or official cap of state of the court nobles, or the more relaxed eboshi—though at this time, they were no doubt closely related. In fact, a year later, we have the most specific mention to-date of what people were actually wearing on their heads: there is a mention of men tying up their hair and wearing caps of varnished gauze.  Earlier caps related to the cap rank system are often thought to be something like a simple hemisphere  that was placed upon the head, with a bulbous top where the wearer's hair could be pulled up as in a bun. The kanmuri seems to have evolved from the soft black headcloth that was worn on the continent, which would have tied around the head, leaving two ends hanging down behind.  Hairstyles of the time often meant that men had a small bun or similar gathering of hair towards the back of their head, and tying a cloth around the head gave the effect of a small bump.  This is probably what we see in depictions of the early caps of state.  Sometimes this topknot could be covered with a small crown or other decoration, or wrapped with a cloth, often referred to as a "Tokin" in Japanese.  But over time we see the development of hardened forms to be worn under a hat to provide the appropriate silhouette, whether or not you actually had a topknot (possibly helpful for gentlemen suffering from hair loss).  And then the hat becomes less of a piece of cloth and more just a hat of black, lacquered gauze made on a form, which was much easier to wear.  At this point in the Chronicle, the cap was likely still somewhat malleable, and would made to tie or be pinned to that bun or queue of hair.  This explains the mention of men wearing their hair up.  This pin would become important for several different types of headgear, but ties were also used for those who did not have hair to hold the hat on properly. Two years after the edict on hats, we get another edict on clothing, further suggesting that the court were wearing Tang inspired clothing.  In 685 we see that individuals are given leave to wear their outer robe either open or tied closed. This is a clue that this outer robe might something akin to the round-necked hou that we see in the Tenjukoku Mandala, where the neck seems to close with a small tie or button.  However, we do see some examples, later, of v-necked garments with a tie in the center of the neck, so that may be the reference..  Opening the collar of the formal robes was somewhat akin to loosening a necktie, or unbuttoning the top button of a shirt.  It provided a more relaxed and comfortable feeling.  It could also be a boon in the warm days of summer.  Leaving it closed could create a more formal appearance. The courtiers also had the option of whether or not to wear the "Susotsuki", which Bentley translates as "skirt-band".  I believe this refers to the nai'i, or inner garment.  This would often have a pleated hem—a suso or ran—which would show below the main robe as just a slight hem.  Again, this is something that many would dispense with in the summer, or just when dressing a bit more casually, but it was required at court, as well as making sure that the tassles were tied so that they hung down.  This was the uniform of the court.  We are also told that they would have trousers that could be tied up, which sounds like later sashinuki, though it may have referred to something slightly different.  We are also given some regulations specifically for women, such as the fact that women over 40 years of age were allowed the discretion on whether or not to tie up their hair, as well as whether they would ride horses astride or side-saddle.  Presumably, younger women did not get a choice in the matter.  Female shrine attendants and functionaries were likewise given some leeway with their hairstyles. A year later, in 686, they do seem to have relaxed the hairstyles a bit more: women were allowed to let their hair down to their backs as they had before, so it seems that, for at least a couple of years, women under the age of 40 were expected to wear their hair tied up in one fashion or another. In that same edict, men were then allowed to wear "habakimo".  Aston translates this as "leggings" while Bentley suggests it is a "waist skirt".  There are an example of extant habakimo in the Shousouin, once again, and they appear to be wrappings for the lower leg.  It actually seems very closely related to the "kyahan" depicted all the way back in the 6th century painting of the Wo ambassador to Liang. Even though these edicts give a lot more references to clothing, there is still plenty that is missing.  It isn't like the Chroniclers were giving a red carpet style stitch-by-stitch critique of what was being worn at court.  Fortunately, there is a rather remarkable archaeological discovery from about this time. Takamatsuzuka is a kofun, or ancient burial mound, found in Asuka and dated to the late 7th or early 8th century.  Compared to the keyhole shaped tombs of previous centuries, this tomb is quite simple: a two-tiered circular tomb nestled in the quiet hills.  What makes it remarkable is that the inside of the stone burial chamber was elaborately painted.  There are depictions of the four guardian animals, as well as the sun and the moon, as well as common constellations.  More importantly, though, are the intricate pictures of men and women dressed in elaborate clothing. The burial chamber of Takamatsuzuka is rectangular in shape.  There are images on the four vertical sides as well as on the ceiling.  The chamber is oriented north-south, with genbu, the black tortoise, on the north wall and presumably Suzaku, the vermillion bird, on the south wall—though that had been broken at some point and it is hard to make out exactly what is there. The east and west walls are about three times as long as the north and south walls.  In the center of each is a guardian animal—byakko, the white tiger, on the west wall and seiryuu, the blue—or green—dragon on the east.  All of these images are faded, and since opening of the tomb have faded even more, so while photos can help, it may require a bit more investigation and some extrapolation to understand all of what we are looking at. On the northern side of both the east and west wall we see groups of four women.  We can make out green, yellow, and red or vermillion outer robes with thin fabric belt sashes, or obi, tied loosely and low around the waist.  There is another, lightly colored—possibly white, cream or pink—that is so faded it is hard to make out, and I don't know if that is the original color.  These are v-necked robes, with what appear to be ties at the bottom of the "v".  Around the belt-sash we see a strip of white peaking out from between the two sides of the robe—most likely showing the lining on an edge that has turned back slightly.  The cuffs of the robe are folded back, showing a contrasting color—either the sleeves of an underrobe or a lining of some kind.  Below the outer robe is a white, pleated hem—possibly a hirami or similar, though where we can make it out, it seems to be the same or similar color as the sleeves.  Under all of that, they then have a relatively simple mo, or pleated skirt.  The ones in the foreground are vertically striped in alternating white, green, red, and blue stripes.  There is one that may just be red and blue stripes, but I'm not sure.  In the background we see a dark blue—and possibly a dark green—mo.  At the base of each mo is a pleated fringe that appears to be connected to the bottom of the skirt.  The toe of a shoe seems to peek out from underneath in at least one instance.  They don't have any obvious hair ornaments, and their hair appears to be swept back and tied in such a way that it actually comes back up in the back, slightly.  They appear to be holding fans and something that might be a fly swatter—a pole with what looks like tassels on the end. In comparison, at the southern end of the tomb we have two groups of men.  These are much more damaged and harder to make out clearly.  They have robes of green, yellow, grey, blue, and what looks like dark blue, purple, or even black.  The neckline appears to be a v-necked, but tied closed, similar to what we see on the women.  We also see a contrasting color at the cuff, where it looks like the sleeves have turned back, slightly.  They have belt-sashes similar to the women, made of contrasting fabric to the robe itself.  Below that we see white trousers, or hakama, and shallow, black shoes.  On some of the others it is suggested that maybe they have a kind of woven sandal, but that is hard to make out in the current image.  On their heads are hats or headgear of black, stiffened—probably lacquered—gauze.  They have a bump in the back, which is probably the wearer's hair, and there is evidence of small ties on top and larger ties in the back, hanging down.  Some interpretations also show a couple with chin straps, as well, or at least a black cord that goes down to the chin.  They carry a variety of implements, suggesting they are attendants, with an umbrella, a folding chair, a pouch worn around the neck, a pole or cane of some kind, and a bag with some kind of long thing—possibly a sword or similar. The tomb was originally found by farmers in 1962, but wasn't fully examined until 1970, with an excavation starting in 1972.  The stone at the entryway was broken, probably from graverobbers, who are thought to have looted the tomb in the Kamakura period.  Fortunately, along with the bones of the deceased and a few scattered grave goods that the robbers must have missed, the murals also survived, and somehow they remained largely intact through the centuries.  They have not been entirely safe, and many of the images are damaged or faded, but you can still make out a remarkable amount of detail, which is extremely helpful in determining what clothing might have looked like at this time—assuming it is depicting local individuals. And there is the rub, since we don't know exactly whom the tomb was for.  Furthermore, in style it has been compared with Goguryeo tombs from the peninsula, much as nearby Kitora kofun is.  Kitora had images as well, but just of the guardian animals and the constellations, not of human figures. There are three theories as to who might have been buried at Takamatsuzuka.  One theory is that it was one of Ohoama's sons.  Prince Osakabe is one theory, based on the time of his death and his age.  Others have suggested Prince Takechi.  Based on the teeth of the deceased, they were probably in their 40s to 60s when they passed away. Some scholars believe that it may be a later, Nara period vassal—possibly, Isonokami no Maro.  That would certainly place it later than the Asuka period. The third theory is that it is the tomb of a member of one of the royal families from the Korean peninsula—possibly someone who had taken up refuge in the archipelago as Silla came to dominate the entire peninsula.  This last theory matches with the fact that Takamatsuzuka appears to be similar to tombs found in Goguryeo, though that could just have to do with where the tomb builders were coming from, or what they had learned. That does bring up the question of the figures in the tomb.  Were they contemporary figures, indicating people and dress of the court at the time, or were they meant to depict people from the continent?  Without any other examples, we may never know, but even if was indicative of continental styles, those were the very styles that Yamato was importing, so it may not matter, in the long run.     One other garment that isn't mentioned here is the hire, a scarf that is typically associated with women.  It is unclear if it has any relationship to the sashes we see in the Kofun period, though there is at least one mention of a woman with a hire during one of the campaigns on the Korean peninsula.  Later we see it depicted as a fairly gauzy piece of silk, that is worn somewhat like a shawl.  It is ubiquitous in Sui and Tang paintings of women, indicating a wide-ranging fashion trend.  The hire is a fairly simple piece of clothing, and yet it creates a very distinctive look which we certainly see, later. Finally, I want to take a moment to acknowledge that almost everything we have discussed here has to do with the elites of society—the nobles of the court.  For most people, working the land, we can assume that they were probably not immediately adopting the latest continental fashions, and they probably weren't dressing in silk very much.  Instead, it is likely that they continued to wear some version of the same outfits we see in the haniwa figures of the kofun period.  This goes along with the fact that even as the elite are moving into palaces built to stand well above the ground, we still have evidence of common people building and living in pit dwellings, as they had been for centuries.  This would eventually change, but overall they stuck around for quite some time.  However, farmers and common people are often ignored by various sources—they aren't often written about, they often aren't shown in paintings or statues, and they did often not get specialized burials.  Nonetheless, they were the most populous group in the archipelago, supporting all of the rest. And with that, I think we will stop for now.  Still plenty more to cover this reign.  We are definitely into the more historical period, where we have more faith in the dates—though we should remember that this is also one of the reigns that our sources were specifically designed to prop up, so we can't necessarily take everything without at least a hint of salt and speculation, even if the dates themselves are more likely to be accurate. Until then, if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

Is Vince Russo back in the game? Asuka fires back at Goldberg. We name some great Goldberg moments. Jinder Mahal vs Jey Uso, Halloween Havoc, Saturday Night Main Event is going to be boring. Blood and Guts is on the way. Which wrestlers were spooky? All this and more on the next episode of Powerbomb Jutsu. You can watch this episode too: youtube.com/@PowerbombJutsu Twitter & IG: @PowerbombJutsuHistory with Darrrell on YouTube: YouTube.com/@UltrxBlxck [Play/Download]  

Phillip & Brandon discuss the direction for Jade Cargill, Asuka's WWE career, the Blood & Guts challenge made on Dynamite, who walks out of SNME World Champion and more. Be Safe and Stay Dangerous. Have a question or idea email us bulletcast2sweet@gmail.comPlease check out our What A Maneuver! Store: https://whatamaneuver.net/collections/bullet-castPlease check out our Pro Wrestling Tees Store: https://www.prowrestlingtees.com/bulletcastFollow Bullet Cast On Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thebulletcast/?hl=enFollow Bullet Cast On Twitter: https://twitter.com/BulletCastFollow Bullet Cast On Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BulletCast2sweet/Subscribe to Bullet Cast On Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCrKHzfruskD8imAVVmWAaSQBullet Cast Link Tree: https://linktr.ee/thebulletcast

Welcome back to 4 Sides Of The Ring, the ultimate professional wrestling podcast for fans of WWE, AEW, NXT, NJPW, and everything in between! In this week's episode, Markus, TZK, Chano, and Nitram dive deep into the hottest stories shaking up the wrestling world!

On this week's Gorilla Position, JD, Mekz and The Man They Call Skillit make predictions ahead of WWE's Saturday Night's Main Event! Will newly turned heel Jade Cargill stop the clock on Tiffy Time?! Will Drew McIntyre get his much-needed title win?! And who - if anyone!! - will walk out of Salt Lake City with the World Heavyweight Championship!? Elsewhere on the show, the boys give serious flowers to the legend that is Mick Foley, react to Bill Goldberg's latest complaints about WWE and Asuka ‘defeating his streak', plus thoughts on if a UK wrestling promotion could ever reach a mainstream audience again. Download the Gorilla Position podcast NOW to get your weekly fix of all things WWE. JD and the team LOVE hearing from you so keep your emails coming in: helloyou@wwegp.co.uk Other HOT TOPICS on this week's Gorilla Position:

Build to the fourth WWE Saturday Night's Main Event special of 2025 has left plenty to be desired, even if the match card is strong. Host Adam Silverstein and co-host Chris Vannini take a deep dive with Getting Over's signature 2025 WWE Saturday Night's Main Event ultimate preview [1:29:45] breaking down the card with predictions and analysis. Will CM Punk or Jey Uso win the vacant title? Is Drew McIntyre primed to beat Cody Rhodes? Does Jade Cargill have new life following her heel turn on Tiffany Stratton? Is John Cena waiting for Dominik Mysterio? The guys cover the latest WWE news [8:07] before focusing The Main Event [21:45] on Judgment Day's inevitable split and Stephanie Vaquer aligning with Nikki Bella. "The Silver King" and "Vintage" break down The Good, The Bad and The Ugly [41:50], including another LA Knight opportunity missed, Bron Breakker's future and a women's tag team revolution led by Alexa Bliss & Charlotte Flair. Follow Getting Over on Twitter, Bluesky & YouTube @GettingOverCast.

Dave LaGreca & Bully Ray react to Goldberg's latest comments on Asuka. To visit our partners at Chewy, click here. The Master's Class is now available on its own podcast feed! SUBSCRIBE NOW to hear over 50 episodes of Dave, Bully, Mark, and Tommy taking you behind the scenes like only they can, plus BRAND NEW episodes every week. Subscribe to SiriusXM Podcasts+ to listen to new episodes of Busted Open ad-free and get exclusive access to bonus episodes. Start a free trial now on Apple Podcasts or by visiting siriusxm.com/podcastsplus. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Support our sponsors this week by using the links below for the exclusive Solomonster offers!MINT MOBILE ▶ Get your 3-month UNLIMITED wireless plan for just 15 bucks a month at http://www.mintmobile.com/solomonster right now!BETTERHELP ▶ Get 10 PERCENT OFF your first month and give online therapy a try at http://www.betterhelp.com/solomonster to start being your best self. Thanks to BetterHelp for sponsoring this week's episode!It's the annual HaLLoWeeN SHOW with thoughts on THREE TITLES CHANGES at NXT Halloween Havoc, Vikingo playing heel on the AAA show and IYO SKY's match in Japan this morning with Mayu Iwatani.  Plus, thoughts on the death of Bobby Horne (Mo of Men on a Mission), the abuse he and Oscar endured during their time there and how he tried to make something of himself... Seth Rollins STRIPPED of the World championship, thoughts on how WWE handled the follow-up with Bron Breakker and Jey Uso's battle royal win... PREDICTIONS for Saturday Night's Main Event and who walks out with the title... the latest update on Andrade's status... Goldberg DISRESPECTS ASUKA yet again and Asuka responds... a wild story involving Bray Wyatt and Charles Manson... AEW's media rights partner UP FOR SALE, who's the favorite to get it and what this could mean for the future of AEW... thoughts on the Women's tag team tournament brackets and why Mercedes MUST FAIL at Full Gear... and a MAILBAG NOT TO BE MISSED answering your questions on people saying AEW will go under in 5-10 years, why CM Punk's HEEL DAYS are behind him, Damian Priest's new "IT'S WEPA TIME!" shirt, why Bret Hart was looking to leave for WCW in 1992, dropping out of high school to become a wrestler and POPPING OFF on things that logically MAKE NO SENSE in wrestling!***Follow Solomonster on X (formerly Twitter) for news and opinion:http://x.com/solomonsterSubscribe to the Solomonster Sounds Off on YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/user/TheSolomonster?sub_confirmation=1Become a Solomonster Sounds Off Channel Member:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9jcg7mk93fGNqWPMfl_Aig/join

Originally aired August of 2025In this episode, Michael Gross joins the show to look back at this week in WWE including Braun Stroman's attack on Alexa Bliss, Retribution invading SmackDown & Raw, Randy Orton turning on Ric Flair, Asuka facing both Bayley & Sasha at SummerSlam, Raw Underground so far, Seth Rollins lashing of Dominick Mysterio and much more!Go AD-FREE at patreon.com/wwepodcastBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-wwe-podcast--2187791/support.

In this week's 5 Yrs Ago Flashback episode of the Wade Keller Pro Wrestling Post-show (10-19-2020), PPWTorch columnist Zack Heydorn guest hosts for Wade Keller and is joined by PWTorch Columnist Greg Parks to talk WWE Monday Night Raw with listener emails. Discussion points include the final hype for Drew McIntyre vs. Randy Orton for Hell in a Cell on Sunday, Retribution losing in squash fashion, Mustafa Ali's late promo, Asuka vs. Lana for the Raw Women's Championship, the state of the women's division on Raw, Kofi vs. Sheamus, Styles vs. Riddle, and more.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/wade-keller-pro-wrestling-post-shows--3275545/support.

What's up people? On this episode of the podcast, we give our early match card predictions for WWE Survivor Series War Games!Check Out Our Merch: https://www.teepublic.com/user/the-burning-hammerJoin Our Patreon:https://www.patreon.com/TheBurningHammerFollow Us On Social Media!X: https://twitter.com/theburnthammerInstagram: https://instagram.com/theburninghammerTikTok: https://tiktok.com/theburninghammerTime Codes0:00 - Intro2:29 - Becky Lynch vs. AJ Lee4:00 - Tiffany Stratton vs. Jade Cargill5:37 - Dominik Mysterio vs. Rusev vs. Penta7:01 - Dominik Mysterio vs. John Cena10:20 - John Cena vs. The Miz11:50 - Cody Rhodes vs. Randy Orton15:28 - Rhea Ripley, IYO SKY, Bayley, Lyra Valkyria, & AJ Lee vs. Asuka, Kairi Sane, Roxanne Perez, Raquel Rodriguez, & Becky Lynch17:04 - Rhea Ripley, IYO SKY, Stephanie Vaquer, Liv Morgan, & Bianca Belair vs. Asuka, Kairi Sane, Roxanne Perez, Raquel Rodriguez, & Nia Jax23:29 - Roman Reigns, The Usos, CM Punk, & Seth Rollins vs. Bronson Reed, Bron Breakker, Brock Lesnar, JD McDonagh, & Finn Balor26:51 - Roman Reigns, The Usos, Jacob Fatu, & CM Punk vs. Seth Rollins, Bronson Reed, Bron Breakker, & Brock Lesnar32:39 - Outro

It's time for our Two Thumbs With Attitudes Review of WWE Crown Jewel 2025! Ryan and Denton go match-by-match giving their honest thoughts on which matches delivered, which ones missed, and their overall take on the event!We also cover Monday Night RAW from Perth, Australia (October 13) — and things got wild fast! Braun Breakker and Bronson Reed turned on Seth Rollins already?! What does this mean for War Games and the rest of WWE? Is Seth injured again?Plus, CM Punk becomes the new #1 contender and we break down what's next for him and the WWE Championship picture.Then we move to NXT (October 14) for all the fallout and surprises from there!We wrap things up with our segment That's Cool / That's Not Cool, where we talk about current WWE storylines and decide which ones are

Welcome to NoSo Takeover, a journey through the history of WWE NXT's biggest events! In this episode, JT, Aaron & Jenny run through NXT Takeover: San Antonio from January 2017! They discuss the debut of Roddy Strong, the aimless Andrade, AOP taking home the gold, the unstoppable Asuka, a GLORIOUS NXT Title win and so much more! Join us as we take over the podcast world with NXT!

[00:00] Saturday Morning Wrestling & Childhood ThrowbacksJoe and Anthony kick things off talking about the weirdness (and secret perks) of watching wrestling at 8am. It's like being a kid again, but with more coffee and less cereal.[04:00] Perth Crowd, Ticket Prices, and “Is Perth Even a Real Place?”The guys riff on WWE's big show in Perth, the wild ticket prices, and whether anyone actually talks about Perth outside of wrestling. Spoiler: not really.[10:00] RAW vs. Crown Jewel & Seth's “Is He Hurt or Not?” SagaThey get into the never-ending Seth Rollins injury drama, why nobody believes anything anymore, and how WWE storylines sometimes make less sense than a fever dream.[18:00] LA Knight: The Best-Looking Guy Who Can't Catch a BreakLA Knight's booking gets roasted. Is he an underdog? Is he a cocky heel? Why does he keep tripping over his own feet? The guys have thoughts (and jokes).[25:00] Becky Lynch, Factions, and “What Even Is This Storyline?”Becky's name comes up, but so does the fact that half the storylines just got nuked. Expect some classic “what are they even doing?” rants.[32:00] Bailey, Lyra, and the Women's Division: Chaos & ChemistryBailey's new vibe, Lyra's straight-man energy, and why the women's division is a wild ride right now. Also, a surprising amount of talk about wrestling gear.[40:00] Referees, Announcers, and “Back in My Day…”A trip down memory lane: when refs and announcers had actual personalities, and why today's shows could use a little more flavor (and a little less sameness).[48:00] Dominic Mysterio vs. Penta: Cheating Done RightDominic's heel antics get a breakdown, plus a debate on whether being “too smart” is a good thing for a bad guy. Also, some love for old-school Eddie Guerrero tricks.[56:00] Rhea Ripley, Asuka, and “Why Is This So Complicated?”Rhea, Asuka, Kairi Sane, and a whole lot of chaos in the women's title scene. The guys try to make sense of it all (and mostly just laugh about it).[1:03:00] Bronson Reed, Jimmy & Jay Uso, and Tag Team TangentsBronson Reed's gear, Jimmy vs. Jay, and why some tag teams just feel like reheated pizza. Expect some sidebars and a few “what are they wearing?” moments.[1:10:00] Main Event: Jay Uso, LA Knight, and CM PunkThe crowd sings for Punk, LA Knight almost wins, and the guys wonder if we really need another Seth vs. Punk feud. Also: more jokes about fruit punch boxes.[1:18:00] Wrap-Up & RandomnessFinal thoughts, a few more rants, and a reminder to check out the Patreon. If you made it this far, you're a real one.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/wrestling-soup--1425249/support.

This week on That's Freakin' Wrestling, hosted by Rhodesia, Matt, and Eshaun — the gang is back!

Support our sponsors this week by using the links below for the exclusive Solomonster offers!BETTERHELP ▶ Get 10 PERCENT OFF your first month and give online therapy a try at http://www.betterhelp.com/solomonster to start being your best self. Thanks to BetterHelp for sponsoring this week's episode!FACTOR MEALS ▶ Use code "solomonster50off" at http://www.factormeals.com/solomonster50off to get 50 PERCENT OFF your first box plus FREE BREAKFAST for one year!Solomonster reviews WWE Raw from Perth, Australia coming out of Crown Jewel with a SHOCKING angle as Seth Rollins is kicked out of The Vision.  He's got thoughts on the angle, why it happened and where things could be headed as a result.  Plus, CM Punk becomes #1 contender, Dominik Mysterio defends the Intercontinental title against Penta and the drama with Rhea Ripley, IYO SKY, Asuka and Kairi Sane continues.***Follow Solomonster on X (formerly Twitter) for news and opinion:http://x.com/solomonsterSubscribe to the Solomonster Sounds Off on YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/user/TheSolomonster?sub_confirmation=1Become a Solomonster Sounds Off Channel Member:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9jcg7mk93fGNqWPMfl_Aig/join

Dan and Oli review WWE Raw from October 13th, 2025.Timestamps:1:13 - Start3:26 - Excitement?4:36 - Bron turns!33:58 - UltraChats37:27 - Rusev backstage38:07 - Penta v. Dom41:52 - Asuka shouting42:46 - Kairi Sane v. Rhea Ripley44:45 - Usos backstage46:45 - Bayley & Lyra Valkyria vs. The Judgment Day49:31 - Adam Pearce working backstage50:21 - Stephanie Vaquer promo51:38 - CM Punk vs. LA Knight vs. Jey Uso52:31 - Overall rating53:12 - Patreon shoutouts54:46 - UltraChats Take our survey to improve the podcastGet more WrestleTalk Podcast stuff on PatreonFollow WrestleTalk on Instagram and XFollow Luke on InstagramLeave a review/comment to be read out on future episodesCopyright Trident Digital Media 2025 Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

A shocking end to Monday Night Raw turned the fallout from WWE Crown Jewel 2025 on its head with major questions now raised about booking through the end of the year into WWE WrestleMania 42. Host Adam Silverstein opens the show with a brief second look at WWE Crown Jewel [7:10] digging deeper into John Cena vs. AJ Styles and WWE's week in Australia [26:20] before kicking off The Main Event [31:30]. What led to WWE pulling the trigger with Bron Breakker and Bronson Reed turning on Seth Rollins, effectively ending The Vision after it had just been established? Is Rollins injured, and if so, what does that mean for WWE creative moving forward? "The Silver King" then tackles The Good, The Bad and The Ugly [57:35] from the week, including Jacob Fatu leveling up against Drew McIntyre, Asuka and Kairi Sane starring against IYO SKY and Rhea Ripley, Shinsuke Nakamura and Tama Tonga returning, Zelina Vega siding with Aleister Black over Damian Priest and plans for WWE Survivor Series: WarGames 2025 now being up in the air. Follow Getting Over on Twitter, Bluesky & YouTube @GettingOverCast.

Jonathan Hood and Justin LaBar discuss the aftermath of John Cena vs AJ Styles at WWE Crown Jewel and how the two paid tribute to one another in their match. Plus! They break down the Women's Matches at Crown Jewel from Stephanie Vaquer winning the Women's Crown Jewel title to Rhea Ripley and IYO SKY's showdown with the Kabuki Warriors. To visit our partners at Chewy, click here. The Master's Class is now available on its own podcast feed! SUBSCRIBE NOW to hear over 50 episodes of Dave, Bully, Mark, and Tommy taking you behind the scenes like only they can, plus BRAND NEW episodes every week. Subscribe to SiriusXM Podcasts+ to listen to new episodes of Busted Open ad-free and get exclusive access to bonus episodes. Start a free trial now on Apple Podcasts or by visiting siriusxm.com/podcastsplus. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

WWE Crown Jewel 2025 delivered as arguably the premium live event of the year with John Cena and AJ Styles putting on a match of the year contender. Host Adam Silverstein grabbed his mic after the show for a breakdown of WWE Crown Jewel results with grades in Getting Over's signature instant analysis review. "The Silver King" tackles the booking of Cena-Styles, including an emotional homage to Bray Wyatt, Cody Rhodes vs. Seth Rollins and Tiffany Stratton vs. Stephanie Vaquer for the Crown Jewel championships both being booked properly, Bronson Reed getting the best of Roman Reigns as The Bloodline story continued developing, and Rhea Ripley taking a bit of a backseat to IYO SKY in against Asuka and Kairi Sane. Nearly every match on the WWE Crown Jewel card delivered beyond expectation, setting the stage for a hot close to 2025 at WWE Survivor Series: WarGames and beyond. Follow Getting Over on Twitter, Bluesky & YouTube @GettingOverCast.

0:25 — Official show intro: "Wrestling Soup" with Anthony Thomas and Joey Numbers.0:50 — Banter about the "Crown Jewel Post Show" and some lighthearted police siren jokes.Roman Reigns & Bronson Reed Match1:30 — Discussion about the opening match: Roman Reigns vs. Bronson Reed.3:20 — Anthony and Joe debate the match's pacing, outcome, and the ongoing Bloodline storyline.7:00 — Reflections on the "Australian Street Fight" and how it compares to other street fights.10:00 — Commentary on the house show feel of the event and the crowd's reaction.Women's Crown Jewel Championship14:50 — Transition to the women's match: Tiffany Stratton vs. Stephanie.15:50 — Analysis of the match, both hosts noting Tiffany's regression and Stephanie's role as the aggressor.18:00 — Discussion about Triple H's involvement and the awkwardness of the post-match celebration.Audience & WWE Creative20:00 — Commentary on WWE's creative direction, Triple H's TED talk, and the challenges of keeping the product fresh.22:00 — Banter about Seth Rollins, Becky Lynch, and the need for stronger storylines and character development.John Cena vs. AJ Styles27:00 — Recap of the John Cena vs. AJ Styles match, comparing it to a "greatest hits" performance.30:00 — Reflections on the significance of AJ Styles' and John Cena's careers, especially for Australian fans.33:00 — Discussion of the match's many finishers and the crowd's reaction.Women's Tag Team Match38:00 — Analysis of the women's tag match: EO Sky & Rhea Ripley vs. Asuka & Kairi Sane.41:00 — Thoughts on the end of the Kabuki Warriors feud and the future direction for the women's division.Main Event: Seth Rollins vs. Cody Rhodes44:50 — Main event discussion: Seth Rollins vs. Cody Rhodes.47:00 — Critique of the match's length, pacing, and outcome, with both hosts feeling the wrong person won.50:00 — Reflections on the lack of crowd energy and the need for Becky Lynch at ringside.Closing Thoughts55:00 — Final thoughts on the event, best and worst matches, and the overall direction of WWE.58:20 — Outro: Thanks to listeners, Patreon plug, and sign-off.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/wrestling-soup--1425249/support.

In our post-PPV “Wrestling Night in America” format, PWTorch's Brandon LeClair was joined by Chris Lansdell to discuss in-depth the WWE Crown Jewel event including Seth Rollins vs. Cody Rhodes, Tiffany Stratton vs. Stephanie Vaquer, John Cena vs. AJ Styles, Roman Reigns vs. Bronson Reed, Rhea Ripley & Iyo Sky vs. Asuka & Kairi Sane, and more.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/pwtorch-dailycast--3276210/support.

It's prediction time, Dudes Nation!

00:00 – AEW Attendance Controversy & Ticket NumbersAnthony and Joe open with a deep dive into AEW's reported attendance numbers, NDAs, and the ongoing debate about truth in wrestling promotion.07:30 – The Ratings Game: NXT vs. DynamiteDiscussion shifts to TV ratings, fan excuses, and the real audience size for wrestling shows.13:00 – AEW's Place in the IndustryA critical look at AEW's current status, company culture, and how it compares to WWE and TNA.16:30 – Crown Jewel Preview & Early Morning WrestlingThe hosts preview WWE's Crown Jewel event, discuss the challenges of international shows, and share thoughts on watching wrestling at odd hours.21:00 – Match-by-Match Crown Jewel PredictionsDetailed breakdowns and predictions for Roman Reigns vs. Bronson Reed, Rhea Ripley & IYO SKY vs. Asuka & Kairi Sane, and more.32:00 – Women's Division: Growth, Stagnation, and StorylinesA candid discussion about the women's division, character development, and the challenges facing stars like Tiffany Stratton and Charlotte Flair.45:00 – WWE Ticket Prices & The “Family Company” DebateAnthony and Joe debate WWE's claim of being family-friendly in light of rising ticket and merchandise prices.54:00 – Mental Health in Wrestling: Big E's StoryA heartfelt segment on Big E's mental health journey, therapy, and the importance of openness in the wrestling community.1:05:00 – Contract News & Industry MovesUpdates on recent contract renewals, departures, and the realities of career moves in wrestling.1:15:00 – Final Thoughts & What's NextThe hosts wrap up with shoutouts, upcoming show plugs, and a reminder to join them for more wrestling talk.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/wrestling-soup--1425249/support.

In this episode of PWTorch Dailycast series "Acknowledging WWE," Javier Machado and Mike Meyers acknowledge:The Saudi Arabia WrestleManiaAI in wrestling and entertainment, the ethics of resurrecting dead wrestlers for "dream matches"Javier remembers Peter Cushing's name this timePerfect BlueCody vs. Seth - a champion vs. champion match with some actual intriguing buildVaquer vs. Tiffany - a champion vs. champion with much less intriguing buildStyles vs. Cena - a match with some build on social media I guess???Cena's rumored final opponentPeacemaker vs. Green Arrow at WrestleMania 43Ripley & Iyo vs. Asuka & Kairi - the glorious soap operaReigns vs. Reed, part 2The Jey Uso saga - a true sequel to the Bloodline storyLA Knight is doing good for himselfCharlotte and Bliss and the Curse of the Women's Titles"Police Academy" and other (sometimes inappropriate) childhood movies...and moreBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/pwtorch-dailycast--3276210/support.

00:00 – Kevin Nash & Wrestling RoyaltiesAnthony and Joe open with a discussion about Kevin Nash's royalty check woes, the business of wrestling merchandise, and how the TKO sale has impacted payouts for legends and stockholders.03:30 – WWE's Changing Audience & Business ModelThe conversation shifts to WWE's evolving business strategy: higher ticket prices, catering to wealthier audiences, and speculation about a possible Saudi buyout.10:00 – Nick Khan, TKO Era, and Corporate TakeoverThe hosts analyze Nick Khan's influence, the TKO era, and whether WWE's leadership is being overrun by corporate greed.16:00 – The Future of WWE & Wrestling's Investment ValueDebate about WWE as a long-term investment, the fate of the company under TKO, and the difference between past and present wrestling ownership.22:00 – Monday Night Raw Recap & Production CritiqueAnthony and Joe break down the latest Raw, including match pacing, production quirks, and the “Australian Street Fight” promo.30:00 – Women's Division: Kairi Sane, Asuka, and BayleyA deep dive into the women's division: Kairi Sane's reputation for injuring opponents, Asuka's standout performance, and Bayley's current character direction.40:00 – Main Event: CM Punk & LA Knight vs. The UsosRecap and analysis of the main event, including the chemistry between Punk and LA Knight, and thoughts on the show's overall flow.47:00 – Closing Banter & Upcoming ContentThe hosts discuss wrestling merch oddities (body pillows, towels), upcoming shows, and shoutouts to friends and other podcasts.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/wrestling-soup--1425249/support.

Luke and Oli talk review WWE Raw from October 6th, 2025.Order Oli's debut book, HearRational

WWE Crown Jewel 2025 stands as the penultimate premium live event of the year with a build that has far exceeded expectations. Host Adam Silverstein and co-host Chris Vannini take a deep dive with Getting Over's signature WWE Crown Jewel ultimate preview [1:27:00] breaking down the match card with predictions and analysis. Will Seth Rollins get his much-needed win over Cody Rhodes? Are John Cena and AJ Styles set to go all out? Might Bronson Reed upset Roman Reigns? Is Rhea Ripley with IYO SKY an obvious winner over Asuka and Kairi Sane? Will Stephanie Vaquer continue her momentum against Tiffany Stratton? "The Silver King" and "Vintage" open by tackling The Main Event [14:00] as Reigns brainwashes Jey Uso and CM Punk goes face-to-face with LA Knight. The guys then dive into The Good, The Bad and The Ugly [45:30] covering Cody's relationship with Randy Orton, Becky Lynch getting Maxxine Dupri over, Bayley influencing Lyra Valkyria, Sami Zayn being revitalized and more. Follow Getting Over on Twitter (@GettingOverCast), Bluesky (@GettingOver) & YouTube (@GettingOverCast).

The Majesty react to Dave LaGreca gifting The Rock his robe will he keep it, re-gift it, or toss it? Dip isn't feeling the current Rhea Ripley, IYO SKY, Asuka, and Kairi Sane story, saying WWE's been Misting too much. Plus, Roman Reigns returns, hopes rise for Jimmy Uso's next chapter, John Cena retirement talk, and the importance of fasting during Rosh Hashanah.Listen to Cheap Heat Live Fridays 12pm- 2pm EST on Pro Wrestling Nation 24/7 on Channel 156.Call in at 844-344-4893Wanna stay MAJ?Join our PateronFollow @cheapheatpod on Instagram and subscribe to Rosenberg's Youtube Channel.Email the show Rosenbergwrestling@gmail.com Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Dave LaGreca & Nattie Neidhart discuss what happened in the SmackDown main event between Tiffany Stratton, Nia Jax & Jade Cargill, plus, they get into Ash by Elegance vacating her title.  To visit our partners at Chewy, click here. The Master's Class is now available on its own podcast feed! SUBSCRIBE NOW to hear over 50 episodes of Dave, Bully, Mark, and Tommy taking you behind the scenes like only they can, plus BRAND NEW episodes every week. Subscribe to SiriusXM Podcasts+ to listen to new episodes of Busted Open ad-free and get exclusive access to bonus episodes. Start a free trial now on Apple Podcasts or by visiting siriusxm.com/podcastsplus. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The build to WWE Crown Jewel 2025 is hotter than expected with major superstars and significant matches filling out the card. Host Adam Silverstein opens the show by diving into The Main Event [3:40] focused on Cody Rhodes and Seth Rollins building a deep storyline, Roman Reigns returning as the devil in Jey Uso's ear and The Vision's growing importance to WWE creative. "The Silver King" then tackles the rest of the week in The Good, The Bad and The Ugly [21:30] with the enthralling saga on Monday Night Raw involving IYO SKY, Rhea Ripley, Asuka and Kairi Sane taking top billing. The messy SmackDown women's division, AJ Styles fighting John Cena, Drew Mcintyre feuding with Jacob Fatu, Je'Von Evans surprising Sami Zayn, Dominik Mysterio getting babyface pops against Rusev and Bayley's psyche breaking alongside Lyra Valkyria make up other featured topics on the show. Follow Getting Over on Twitter, Bluesky & YouTube @GettingOverCast.

Tommy Dreamer reacts to Seth Rollins night throughout Monday Night RAW and reacts to the return of Roman Reigns to close the show. Plus! He breaks down the next chapter between Rhea RIpley and IYO SKY vs Asuka and Kairi Sane. To visit our partners at Chewy, click here. The Master's Class is now available on its own podcast feed! SUBSCRIBE NOW to hear over 50 episodes of Dave, Bully, Mark, and Tommy taking you behind the scenes like only they can, plus BRAND NEW episodes every week. Subscribe to SiriusXM Podcasts+ to listen to new episodes of Busted Open ad-free and get exclusive access to bonus episodes. Start a free trial now on Apple Podcasts or by visiting siriusxm.com/podcastsplus. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Luke and Oli talk review WWE Raw from September 29th, 2025.Order Oli's debut book, HearRational