Papers Read on Earth Sciences

The article creates the Geothermal Adaptation-Mitigation (Geo-AdaM) conceptual frameworks that can be used in combining mitigation and adaptation in geothermal projects. 2012: Pacifica F. Achieng Ogola, Brynhildur Davidsdottir, Ingvar B. Fridleifsson https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11027-011-9339-1

This paper explores the potential for Nordic cooperation on adaptation; specifically, for the development of a regional adaptation strategy. In particular, it addresses two questions (1) What is the current state of adaptation in the Nordic countries? and (2) What are the potential benefits and weaknesses of a Nordic strategy for adaptation? 2014: S. Juhola, M. E. Goodsite, M. Davis, R. J. T. Klein, B. Davídsdóttir, R. Atlason, M. Landauer, B.-O. Linnér, T.-S. Neset, E. Glaas, G. Eskeland and A. Gammelgaard Ballantyne

Transformer-based models consist of interleaved feed-forward blocks - that capture content meaning, and relatively more expensive self-attention blocks - that capture context meaning. In this paper, we explored trade-offs and ordering of the blocks to improve upon the current Transformer architecture and proposed PAR Transformer. 2022: Swetha Mandava, Szymon Migacz, Alex Fit Florea https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7216623

Key Points: • Scaling low carbon technologies is fundamentally different from research, development, and demonstration of those technologies • Deploying technologies at scale requires not only innovation but also transformative policy and fundamentally shifting human behaviors • Reaching net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in the United States is a multi-decadal effort requiring the involvement of independent scientific institutions 2021:  https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021EF002399

Changes in the management of crop lands between 1965 and 1990 may have led to an additional accumulation of carbon Keywords: Agriculture, carbon emissions, carbon sink, carbon storage, forestry, land-use change, soil carbon, terrestrial ecosystems, United States. 2000: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00166.x

For the first time during modern instrumentation, we measure uplift (with GPS and satellite data) on the peninsula, and intense earthquake activity at the same time. Key Points: • Ambient noise-based temporal seismic wave velocity variations provide insights into volcanic unrest in the Reykjanes Peninsula • Seismic velocity drops to −1% during repeated magma intrusions • The evolution of dv/v (%) correlates with deformation data 2020: Yesim Cubuk-Sabuncu, Kristín Jónsdóttir, Corentin Caudron, Thomas Lecocq, Michelle Maree Parks, Halldór Geirsson and Aurélien Mordret https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2020GL092265

Aim To map and characterize anthropogenic transformation of the terrestrial biosphere before and during the Industrial Revolution, from 1700 to 2000. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x

South American fires and their impacts on ecosystems increase with continued emissions https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cli2.8

The hydrological characteristics of a river, including the magnitude and timing of high and low flows, are important determinants of its ecological functioning. Climate change will alter these characteristics, triggering ecological changes in river ecosystems. Key points: • Nine global hydrological models forced by five global climate models provide discharges for 321 major river basins for 1–3°C mean global warming • An environmental flow method demonstrates increasing risks of ecological change with warming, especially for low flows • Risks of ecological change vary spatially, with regions most at risk including South America, southern Africa and Australia 2021: J. R. Thompson, S. N. Gosling, J. Zaherpour and C. L. R. Laizé https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2021EF002048

Conditions for Achieving Sustainable Development, Eradicating Poverty and Reducing Inequalities

Sustainable Development Pathways to 1.5 C

Mitigation and Sustainable Development

Climate Adaptation and Sustainable Development

Scope and Delineations and Poverty, Equality and Equity Implications of a 1.5°C Warmer World

Integration and Enabling Transformation and Knowledge Gaps and key Uncertainties

Implementing Far-Reaching and Rapid Change

Systematic Changes for 1.5C-Consistent Pathways

Accelerating the Global Response to Climate Change and Pathways Compatible with 1.5°C: Starting Points for Strengthening Implementation

Implications of Different 1.5°C and 2°C Pathways

Avoided Impacts and Reduced Risks at 1.5°C Compared with 2°C of Global Warming

Observed impacts and Projected Risks in Natural and Human Systems

Global and Regional Climate Changes and Associated Hazards

Uses relevant definitions of a potential 1.5°C warmer world from Chapters 1 and 2 and builds directly on their assessment of gradual versus overshoot scenarios

Challenges, Opportunities and Co-Impacts of Transformative Mitigation Pathways

Disentangling the Whole-System Transformation

Overview of 1.5°C Mitigation Pathways

Geophysical Relationships and Constraints

Introduction to Mitigation Pathways and the Sustainable Development Context

Assessment Frameworks and Emerging Methodologies that Integrate Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation with Sustainable Development

Strengthening the Global Response

Impacts at 1.5°C and Beyond

Understanding 1.5°C: Reference Levels, Probability, Transience, Overshoot, and Stabilization

Assessing the Knowledge Base for a 1.5°C Warmer World

This study attempts to measure CO2 consumption of lettuce according to the leaf area under CO2 consumption of lettuce and thereby to investigate the relationship between leaf area and CO2 consumption for the purpose of estimating CO2 consumption per leaf area of lettuce cultivated from plant factories or large greenhouses. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271478931_Estimate_of_CO2_consumption_in_lettuce_according_to_the_leaf_area