Podcasts about South America

The Trump administration wins a major legal battle as a federal appeals court clears the way for National Guard troops to deploy to Portland to protect immigration operations. President Trump and the Australian Prime Minister sign a new framework deal to boost rare earth mineral production and reduce China's control over the global supply chain. The Trump administration carries out another strike on a suspected drug-smuggling vessel from South America, as former DHS Secretary Chad Wolf defends the aggressive new strategy and dismisses talk of regime change in Venezuela. Former Biden Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre promotes her new book Independent, explaining why she's leaving the Democratic Party while still defending President Biden in eyebrow-raising fashion. Riverbend Ranch: Visit https://riverbendranch.com/ | Use promo code MEGYN for $20 off your first order. Geviti: Go to https://gogeviti.com/megynand get 20% off with code MEGYN. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Trump's strategy and its limitations, why the USA needs Venezuela and South America generally, and how China is preparing for war. After Taiwan is invaded, China will be the greatest geopolitical player, risking wars in Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

241: In this episode, we're talking with Brian and Katie Desmarais, a husband-and-wife land investing team who left the corporate world to build a thriving real estate business in under two years.(Show Notes: REtipster.com)Katie was able to leave her W-2 job just nine months into the business. Now they're flipping land from South America while raising their kids and coaching other investors.We discussed how they utilize PPC marketing, what their average land deal entails, how they assembled a team of 9, and why Stride CRM has become the backbone of their entire operation. This is a masterclass in building a lifestyle business through land flipping.If you've ever wondered what's possible with the right systems, tools, and mindset, you'll get a ton of value out of this one.

Trevor Hall welcomes Ari Sussman of Collective Mining to discuss closing their heavily oversubscribed C$140 million financing, which fully funds the company until they apply for project permits in 2027. The conversation explores the aggressive exploration strategy at Guyabalas, focusing on defining the large Apollo system and pushing drilling at the deep, high-grade Ramp zone, which is vital for the potential bulk underground mining operation. Sussman shares promising visuals from the San Antonio target, where a high gold-to-copper ratio porphyry system was discovered below a potential bulk vein system. The podcast concludes with a look at the current political environment, anticipating Colombia's swing back toward a center or right-wing government, reinforcing a positive long-term outlook for Western resource investment in South America

Hudsonian Godwits are tough birds to find, and they were once thought extinct due to overhunting. After nesting at sites scattered in the High Arctic, they migrate south on a route that takes them over the ocean from Canada to South America. In spring, they head north through the Great Plains. Populations are estimated to be in the tens of thousands today, but like many arctic nesters, they are a threatened species.This episode is brought to you in memory of longtime BirdNote fan and supporter, Philip Stoller, and with thanks to his family for their support.More info and transcript at BirdNote.org.Want more BirdNote? Subscribe to our weekly newsletter. Sign up for BirdNote+ to get ad-free listening and other perks. BirdNote is a nonprofit. Your tax-deductible gift makes these shows possible. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

On October 22 1962, President John F. Kennedy announced that Soviet missiles has been discovered in Cuba. Over the following days, the fate of the Americas was on the line.In this episode, Don is joined once again by Renata Keller to explore the causes and events of the Cuban Missile Crisis, and to discuss what might have happened had the situation not been resolved.Renata's new book 'The Fate of the Americas: The Cuban Missile Crisis and the Hemispheric Cold War' shows how this was not just a Soviet-US event. She explores how leaders and citizens throughout South America, the area at most risk from nuclear missiles, impacted on the events of October 1962.Edited by Aidan Lonergan. Produced by Sophie Gee. Senior Producer was Charlotte Long.Sign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe.  You can take part in our listener survey here.All music from Epidemic Sounds.American History Hit is a History Hit podcast. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

March 16-22, 1991 This week Ken welcomes comedian Fabrizio Copano. Ken and Fabrizio discuss Barbara Walters love of TMNT, inappropriate turtle love, Chile, El Chino, Ninjas, Hero Turtles, Peru, Dragon Ball Z, Japanese content, Ramna, why The Simpsons were so massive in South America, prime time animation, things that aren't just for kids, Bart is forever, Lucha Libre, El Santo, WWF, how things from inside Latin America don't travel that well, El Chavo de Ocho, El Chapulin Colorado, Sabado Gigante, making it world wide, Paul Simon, Batman, Superman, Comics, being a huge movie freak, Pretty Woman, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Jessica Rabbit rocketing you into puberty, hunting down obscure VHS tapes, traveling all over the country to go to video stores, hating 2010: The Year We Made Contact, being disappointed by Barry Lyndon, the 2009 film La Nana, Machuca, El Club, Catholicism, learning English ten years ago after you've already moved to the U.S.A., how there are no Spanish shows in L.A., doing comedy in a totally different language, how jokes don't quite translate, finding your voice, MTV, Lifetime's Genecology Update, Comic Strip Live, inventing the stand up scene in Chile, The Half Hour Comedy Hour, having an empty Sunday, Indiana Jones, Daughters of Privilege, Nickelodeon animated shows, how Nick shows with humans didn't do well in Latin America, Fabrizio's American wife showing him shows from her youth, Sabrina vs Clarissa, The Lion King, Frog Girl, how only in America do student dissect frogs, Divorce Court, old people running the world, Phil Donohue, Yo! MTV Raps, America's Funniest Home Videos, Video Loco, Fabrizio's brother's journalism career, the Copano boys cable show, getting recognized in public, fame in another country but not in the U.S., recognizing the power of luck, realizing how good you have it, having to put a disclaimer on your citizenship, The Wizard of Oz, Jesus of Nazareth, Titanic, and the insanity of the TV Guide cross word tip line 900 number.

273. Wise Living: Why to Get Outside and Travel and Read Aloud with Amber O'Neal Johnston   “Every good and perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the heavenly lights, who does not change like shifting shadows.” James 1:17 NIV   *Transcription Below*   Amber O'Neal Johnston is an author, speaker, and Charlotte Mason homeschooling mom who blends life-giving books and a culturally rich environment for her four children and others seeking to do the same. She recommends we offer children opportunities to see themselves and others reflected in their lessons, especially throughout their books, and she's known for sharing literary “mirrors and windows” on HeritageMom.com and @heritagemomblog. Amber is also the author of Soul School: Taking Kids on a Joy-Filled Journey Through the Heart of Black American Culture and A Place to Belong, a guide for families of all backgrounds on raising kids to celebrate their heritage, community, and the world.   www.HeritageMom.com www.SoulSchoolBook.com www.APlaceToBelongBook.com www.instagram.com/heritagemomblog www.facebook.com/heritagemomblog   Thank You to Our Sponsor:  Sam Leman Eureka   Questions that We Discussed: Looking back, what would you say has helped to shape your children's character the most? What have you learned about the importance of getting our kids (and ourselves) out into nature? How do you actually make time to be a content creator and to also homeschool and travel and host?   Other Related Episodes from The Savvy Sauce: 53 Practical Life Tips with Blogger, Rach Kincaid 57 Implementing Bite-Size Habits That Will Change Your Life with Author, Blogger, Podcaster, and Speaker, Kat Lee 82 Traveling with Your Family with Katie Mueller 84 Ordering Your Priorities with Kat Lee 103 Making Family Memories with Jessica Smartt 200 Planting Seeds of Faith in Our Children with Courtney DeFeo 204 Charlotte Mason Inspired Mini-Series: A Delectable Education with Emily Kiser 207 Cultivating Character in Our Children with Cynthia Yanof 212 School Series: Benefits of Homeschooling with Jodi Mockabee 253 Low Tech Parenting with Erin Loechner   Connect with The Savvy Sauce Our Website, Instagram or Facebook    Please help us out by sharing this episode with a friend, leaving a 5-star rating and review, and subscribing to this podcast!   Gospel Scripture: (all NIV) Romans 3:23 “for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,”   Romans 3:24 “and are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that came by Christ Jesus.”   Romans 3:25 (a) “God presented him as a sacrifice of atonement, through faith in his blood.”    Hebrews 9:22 (b) “without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness.”    Romans 5:8 “But God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.”    Romans 5:11 “Not only is this so, but we also rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received reconciliation.”    John 3:16 “For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.”   Romans 10:9 “That if you confess with your mouth, “Jesus is Lord,” and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.”    Luke 15:10 says “In the same way, I tell you, there is rejoicing in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner who repents.”   Romans 8:1 “Therefore, there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus”   Ephesians 1:13–14 “And you also were included in Christ when you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation. Having believed, you were marked in him with a seal, the promised Holy Spirit, who is a deposit guaranteeing our inheritance until the redemption of those who are God's possession- to the praise of his glory.”   Ephesians 1:15–23 “For this reason, ever since I heard about your faith in the Lord Jesus and your love for all the saints, I have not stopped giving thanks for you, remembering you in my prayers. I keep asking that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the glorious Father, may give you the spirit of wisdom and revelation, so that you may know him better. I pray also that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened in order that you may know the hope to which he has called you, the riches of his glorious inheritance in the saints, and his incomparably great power for us who believe. That power is like the working of his mighty strength, which he exerted in Christ when he raised him from the dead and seated him at his right hand in the heavenly realms, far above all rule and authority, power and dominion, and every title that can be given, not only in the present age but also in the one to come. And God placed all things under his feet and appointed him to be head over everything for the church, which is his body, the fullness of him who fills everything in every way.”   Ephesians 2:8–10 “For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith – and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God – not by works, so that no one can boast. For we are God‘s workmanship, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do.“   Ephesians 2:13 “But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far away have been brought near through the blood of Christ.“   Philippians 1:6 “being confident of this, that he who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus.”   *Transcription*   Music: (0:00 – 0:09)   Laura Dugger: (0:11 - 2:01) Welcome to The Savvy Sauce, where we have practical chats for intentional living. I'm your host, Laura Dugger, and I'm so glad you're here.   The principles of honesty and integrity that Sam Leman founded his business on continue today over 55 years later at Sam Leman Chevrolet Inc. in Eureka. Owned and operated by the Burchie family, Sam Leman's in Eureka appreciates the support they've received from their customers all over central Illinois and beyond. Visit them today at LehmanGM.com.   Amber O'Neal Johnston is my fascinating guest for today. She's an author and speaker and coach and she's just chosen to live a very wise life as a wife and mother, and I think you're going to enjoy gleaning practical tips such as the benefits of getting our children out in nature regardless of their age. She has teens and makes this super practical for things that they would enjoy too, and she shares these incredible benefits of what happens when we simply step outdoors. She's also going to share approachable ways to introduce our family to great art and other cultures, and she gives us a fabulous book list, so, make sure you stay tuned through the end of the episode so that you can see some of the top books that she recommends. Finally, if you don't have a copy of her own latest release entitled Soul School, I highly recommend you purchase that today. Here's our chat.   Welcome to The Savvy Sauce, Amber.   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (2:02 - 2:04) Thank you so much. I'm so happy to be here.   Laura Dugger: (2:04 - 2:14) Well, I'd love for you just to start us off and introduce us to your family, and will you just share a glimpse of your values and lifestyle?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (2:15 - 3:48) Absolutely. So, I live outside of Atlanta, Georgia with my husband Scott and our four children. We are just entering birthday season, but shortly they will be 16, 14, 12, and 10. The girls are the two oldest. The boys are the two youngest, and they've been homeschooled from the beginning, so, we're a homeschooling family. I'm originally from Illinois. My husband's originally from Ohio, but we met here in Atlanta at the High Museum of Art, which is really special. We are art loving, you know, fine arts loving, liberal arts loving family, and so, the idea that we met at the museum, I will just cherish that forever. I came to, before homeschooling, I was a stay-at-home mom, and prior to having children, I have an MBA, and I worked in corporate America in like marketing and advertising, and Scott comes from a similar background with the MBA, and he was doing work in that area too, so, we had that as a connection point, but I have always stayed home with the kids, and you know, our values are rooted in our Christian faith, and we're an African-American family, and so, we have values and cultural aspects that enter our home through that avenue as well. We are world travelers, so, we enjoy that as part of who we are, and I'm an author and a speaker, and I'm just a very happy homeschooler.   Laura Dugger: (3:48 - 4:12) I love that, and it sounds like such a rich and abundant life, and there's two little connections that I have to go back to. My husband and I had a date at that same museum. I love that you met your husband there. Oh wow, that's wild! And so, we met when we were in Atlanta, but live in Illinois now, so, which part of Illinois were you originally from?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (4:12 - 4:33) I'm from Elgin, Illinois. It's out past O'Hare Airport, and I was born and raised there. My parents were both public school principals there. My dad was principal of Elgin High, and there's actually an elementary school, Ron O'Neal Elementary School in Elgin, named after my father, so, that is where I'm from.   Laura Dugger: (4:33 - 4:46) Wow, okay, so, then even with that piece, your father being a principal, and then you said you've homeschooled since the beginning. Did you always anticipate you would homeschool, or what was your journey into that?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (4:47 - 7:15) Oh my gosh, never, and it's both of my parents were principals, so, that's wild. My grandfather was an elected school board official. My sister was an elected school board official, so, public school is just, you know, in my blood from the very beginning, and that's what I assumed I would do for my kids at first. Once Scott and I got married, and we had discussed it, we decided that I would stay home when they were little, and when they were old enough to go to school, I would go back to work, and my salary would pay for private Christian school tuition, and as the years, you know, months really came to fruition for my oldest, my husband started backpedaling, and he started talking this crazy talk about homeschooling. I'm like, that's a switcheroo for you. What are you talking about? I was like, that's weird. I don't want to do that. I don't feel called to do that. That does not seem like a comfortable space for me. I don't want my kids to endure that, and ultimately, I lacked confidence in that. I couldn't even articulate it. It felt scary, terrifying. Why would I take something so weighty into my own hands, and Scott was very persistent, and I can't even explain why he was so persistent about it, but I think to me, I feel like it was planted in him by the Lord, and he felt that this was the way he wanted to lead his family, and he did it so graciously because I was very resistant. He asked, would you please try it for one year, and if you are unhappy, you don't think it's right. I'll never ask you about it again, and that gave me a softer place to land where I felt like it wasn't signing up for a long-term commitment because I knew I was going to hate it, and I said, sure. I will do that, and oh, my gosh. It was the most amazing year, and I laugh now because my daughter was four, so, she's like four and turned five during that year, and so, she was so young, and people were like, well, what were you really doing, but I took it so seriously. I was doing all things, and I joined a homeschool support group, and I was reading about it, and I realized on Friday, I'm a stay-at-home mom, and on Monday, I took on this identity of a homeschooling mom, and it's just been a beautiful journey for us. I'm so thankful that the Lord led Scott in that way. He knew what was right, not just for our children, but for me, too, when I had no vision for it, and so, I'm just, you know, very grateful.   Laura Dugger: (7:16 - 7:30) I love that story. That's such an encouragement, and, okay, your oldest is turning 16, so, when you look back, what would you say has helped shape your children's character the most?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (7:32 - 9:29) Well, I think the time that we've all had to spend together, like intense amounts of time, so, not just quality time or quantity time, but both, and I think that there's nothing else I could have done that could replace that, so, I think that's one of the things. I think my own acceptance of the divine nature of me being their mother and those being my children, and really that leading me to embrace my mother's intuition, which is something that I was hesitant for at first because there are so many experts, and surely they know so much more than me, and that's not to say that that's not important. I read so widely. I'm always reading expert ideas and views, but what I realized is that those things can help me as tools. They can mentor me, but they can't master me because the master has already appointed me as the perfect mom for these children, and nobody knows them, the little tiny details of them that nobody knows more than me, and so, when I leaned into that and I'm like, yeah, this says this online, this book said that, this thing says that, I can take what I can from those, but ultimately I feel the spirit telling me and leading me in this way with these children, and when I really leaned into that, I have a right to do that. I am their mother. That revolutionized things, and I think that's what's helped shape my children's character the most is my willingness to lean into how I'm led to lead them, and so, that's been a motherhood journey for me, and I hope that it's a legacy that I leave with my children.   Laura Dugger: (9:31 - 9:53) And do you have any specific stories that come to mind that were examples of that mother's intuition, something that really I think it is such a gift from the Lord and that the Holy Spirit speaks to us in some unique way as mothers to be in tune with our kids, so, is there a time that it really benefited them when you exercised your mother's intuition?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (9:53 - 12:42) Well, there was one time with my third, my son, my oldest son, his name is Beckett, and he was in the high chair eating while I was braiding my daughter's hair, and I heard him start making like these really weird noises, and I looked over and it was like he was choking and gagging, and I run over, and but he seemed fine, but then he would do it again, and he started sweating, and you know today I really would say, you should call 9-1-1, but I didn't, I threw all the kids in the car, and I rushed to the ER, and when we got there he wasn't choking anymore, he wasn't sweating, they did his vitals and everything, and they said, well mom, whatever happened passed, he's fine, and you guys can go home, and I was like, no, he's not fine, I'm looking at him, he's not my little boy, his vitals are checking out, but he's not looking at me the way he normally looks at me, he's not interacting with me, the little funny things that I can make him smile all the time, he's not responding to them, and so, like, I know you have your tests, but like my, I'm telling you something's wrong with my little boy, so, they have a doctor, he comes in to tell me everything's fine, and he's sending me home, and so, I was like, well I'm not leaving, I'll just spend the night in the ER then with all my kids, because I know something's wrong, and the doctor, who's this older man, he turns to me, he looks me in my eyes, and he says, you know, in all my years of medical training, there's something that they never told us, but something I've learned throughout my career, never doubt a mother's intuition, and he said, we'll take him and run more tests, and they took Beckett back to run more tests, and they came back and said, you were right, he has swallowed a coin, and it's like just teetering on the precipice, and so, at times it was blocking his airway, and at times it was shifted a little bit, and we have to go in immediately and get it, and that could have choked him, if you had just gone home and put him down to bed, and so, in that story, I took away two things, one, that I am his mother, and I don't care what the test says, or what the data says, or what the news, or a book, at the end of the day, I knew that something was wrong with my boy, the other thing is the graciousness of that doctor, to see my humanity and my personhood beyond just the insurance payment, or protocol, or whatever, it let me know that like there's something powerful about letting other people know that you see them, and that you are connected to them, as another part of God's creation, like he respected me on that level, so.   Laura Dugger: (12:43 - 13:35) That is incredible, I'm so grateful that that story has a happy ending, and that you were assertive to say that, I think sometimes as women, probably especially as Christian women, we can think, oh I want to be nice, or not push back on somebody, but I love that you were assertive, it was what was in your child's best interest, and like you highlighted, that doctor's humility is admirable, but Amber, you mentioned too that you're a writer, and you contribute a lot to things like the Wild and Free bundles, and I was always struck by the way that you would be out in nature, and there's so much to learn, so, if you had to boil it down, what wisdom would you have to share from what you've learned about the importance of getting our kids and ourselves outdoors into nature?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (13:36 - 16:49) Yeah, that's so funny, I love that you asked me that, because I like to tell people I was raised in the air conditioning, and so, there is no one who began motherhood further away from nature and being outdoors than me, like, and I can look back at those early days of like, I knew you could take your kids to the playground, and I did do that, but like what else would you do outside, you know, and people would be like, oh we went hiking on this trail, and I was like, where did you get on it, like where do you find a trailhead, like I mean this is back, like this is where I was coming from, and I was just like, and then what would we do, like we just walk, and do we talk about trees, I don't know any trees, I know Christmas trees are evergreens, you know, so, it was just like coming from this very like foundational place where I didn't know anything, but I believed, right, I believed, I somehow inherently believed when I read that being outdoors was important for children, so, I'm reading Charlotte Mason's work, and she's talking about nature study, I'm reading Last Child in the Woods by Louvre, and I'm hearing about this, he calls it a nature deficit disorder, and I'm reading all of these different kind of people who really respected childhood, and personhood, and really wanted the best for children, I'm reading a Christian perspective of the joy in connecting with God's creation, first and foremost, but also this idea of encouraging natural and authentic physical activity, running, climbing, balancing, exploring, developing coordination, and confidence, and the mental health components, you know, reducing stress, and improving mood, and not just for the kids, but my friend from A Thousand Hours Outside, she talks about how the first time she like took her kids out for the whole day, it was for her, because she was going crazy with these all these little kids, and the house, and the bags, and the diaper bag, and the snacks, and she didn't know what else to do, so, she just went outside, and how healing that was, and therapeutic that was for all of them, the idea of curiosity, of fueling curiosity, and creativity, I've never seen my kids come up with the most, I mean, they come up with imaginative things in our house, but outside, the, oh my goodness, the things they come up with, the things they create, and make, and the storytelling that comes out of that, and I think the family bonds, our experiences, it's another way of memory making, I mean, we make memories when we go see plays, and musicals, and travel as well, so, it's not the only way, but it's a strong way of that shared outdoor adventures, so, like a couple weeks ago, we were all whitewater rafting, it's funny, like a lot of funny things happen when you're out there doing crazy stuff, and so, we have a lot of laughter, and we have a lot of inside jokes that come from our time together, so, I think that all of those, it's not just one thing, it's one of those rare things where there are all the pros, and there really are no cons, and so, I intentionally embrace that for my family, even though it's everything that I didn't have growing up.   Laura Dugger: (16:50 - 17:41) Wow, that is so interesting, I love how books have really inspired you to make changes that have benefited your entire family, and I'm thinking back years ago when I was in grad school, studying marriage and family therapy, there was this book that we read, Letters to a Young Therapist, I believe the author is Mary Pipher, and she said something that I found to be very true in my life, she said, from childhood when we all look back, our memories typically boil down to three categories, one is family dinners around the table, the second is traveling with our family, and the third is anytime we were outdoors, and so, I'm wondering that legacy that you're giving your kids, they're going to have an abundance of memories in all three of those buckets.   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (17:42 - 18:29) Yeah, I love that, and I had never read that, it's making me want to go and read her work, but I can't agree more, I mean that's what I've seen anecdotally, at least in my family, and it's definitely been the case for us, I can totally see that, the other thing I love about outdoors too is it's free, you know, so, there have, we've had times of plenty and times of not quite enough financially throughout our journey, due to layoffs, and you know, recessions, and all these different things, but that has been one thing that the travel hasn't always been as consistent as we wanted, but the nature, the time outside has always been accessible, even during COVID, that was accessible to us, so, I love it for that too, but yeah, that's really cool.   Laura Dugger: (18:29 - 18:41) Absolutely, okay, so, you started with, you were getting some inspiration from different books and speakers, but then when did you actually implement this? Do you remember how old your kids were?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (18:42 - 20:11) Right away, so, my oldest was like four, five years old, and we started going outside, now again, we had always been going to the park, so, they had been spending a lot of time outside, but I will say like that's like a very, you know, man-made structures, and you know, I can't think of it, like very cultivated space, so, we weren't spending time in uncultivated space until around there, so, maybe a four-year-old, two-year-old, and infant, and I know they started growing up in that way, and I had kids in an ergo on the back, and I remember hiking with a kid in an ergo on the front, and then snapped another one on the back, and you know, these are memories I have of being outdoors thoroughly by the time the boys were coming along, and I remember the story where we were at a creek, and I looked up for a moment, and just sheer panic that my little boy was gone, he wasn't in my eyesight anymore, and the girls were playing there, and I'm like, you know, and I look, and look, and look, and there's nothing, and no one, and all I can think you sees in the water, and I wasn't paying attention, and my heart's racing, and I'm like, girls, where's your brother? And my daughter says, mommy, he's sleeping on your back. And I'm like, oh my gosh, I just think, like, I was so tired during those years, and I just remember, I would just think, let's just go outside, and some days that's just the most I could come up with, but yeah, I was freaking out, and the little boy was sleeping on my back.   Laura Dugger: (20:12 - 21:50) And now a brief message from our sponsor.   Sam Leman Chevrolet in Eureka has been owned and operated by the Burchie family for over 25 years. A lot has changed in the car business since Sam and Stephen's grandfather, Sam Leman, opened his first Chevrolet dealership over 55 years ago.   If you visit their dealership today though, you'll find that not everything has changed. They still operate their dealership like their grandfather did, with honesty and integrity. Sam and Stephen understand that you have many different choices in where you buy or service your vehicle. This is why they do everything they can to make the car buying process as easy and hassle-free as possible. They are thankful for the many lasting friendships that began with a simple welcome to Sam Leman's. Their customers keep coming back because they experience something different.   I've known Sam and Stephen and their wives my entire life, and I can vouch for their character and integrity, which makes it easy to highly recommend you check them out today. Your car buying process doesn't have to be something you dread, so, come see for yourself at Sam Leman Chevrolet in Eureka. Sam and Stephen would love to see you, and they appreciate your business. Learn more at their website, LehmanEureka.com, or visit them on Facebook by searching for Sam Leman Eureka. You can also call them at 309-467-2351. Thanks for your sponsorship.   I'm wondering too, so, when you began, what did you start with? What did you do outside?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (21:51 - 24:13) So, we started with walking, and I also was very verbal about my, what I felt were my inadequacies with friends, and that's why, you know, I can't overemphasize the, I haven't brought that up yet, but the idea of community. You don't need a hundred friends, just a few people who either are doing the same thing as you, have done it, or know you personally so well. But I had a friend who was like this outdoor enthusiast, and I always admired her for that, and she'd be like, oh, I went to the hydrangeas, they're coming out today, and they're gonna bloom for four days, and you know, like, and she would be like, oh, do you want some wild blueberries? And I'd be looking at her with side eye, like, girl, I only eat blueberries from Publix, because how do I know that you know what you're doing? You know, those could be poisonous berries you identified wrong. So, we had this kind of ongoing thing, I just asked her, I was like, hey, could we go outside with you guys sometimes? And she was like, of course. So, our first hike was with her and her kids, and she showed me how to go outside and do nothing. Like, we didn't do anything, we just walked. And the kids let us, you know, they would stop and ponder things and ask questions, which she knew the answers to, but wouldn't answer. So, she was like, well, what do you think? Or that's something cool we can investigate, or whatever. So, I realized, wow, here's this expert naturalist who's not even using her expertise. I don't have any expertise, so I could do the same thing. Well, what do you think about that? So, the kids let us, we stopped when they stopped, we kept going when they kept going. We had plenty of water and snacks, which she had told me, which was important. And that was my first thing. It was a hike. And after that, I only went back to that place by myself with my kids without her, because that was the only trail I knew. I knew where to park and where to go, and I felt confident. And then lo and behold, I run into Charlotte Mason's work, where she talks about returning to the same place throughout the year, and having your kids compare what's happening their season to season. And so, different rationale for why I was doing that. But then I was like, look, there's beauty, even in the simplicity of me not knowing what else to do. So, that's kind of how we got into it. And then I started having more experience and going out and being more adventurous further away from home with my kids.   Laura Dugger: (24:14 - 24:24) Okay, so, then what other ways has it evolved? You mentioned whitewater rafting. So, you've got teens now. What does your time outdoors look like in this phase?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (24:25 - 26:02) So, lots of camping. So, you know, Memorial Day weekend, you know, we were camping in yurts with friends. This past weekend, we camped, we had a big Juneteenth celebration, and then we went camping for Juneteenth weekend. And so, I would say that kayaking, paddle boards, we have paddle boards, we take out fishing, I hate fishing personally, don't like it at all. But two of my kids enjoy fishing. So, I'm there for that. I'll just bring a book or whatever, because it's quite boring to me, but they love it. So, we moved. I mean, how much of a commitment is that we moved to a different house, when we were able to have our whole property is forest floor. So, it's completely shaded and intertwined with trees and plants and a kind of wild scape. And across the road is a lake where the boys can fish and I can call their names for lunch and they can hear me now. I have to yell it loud. It's kind of country. Other people probably like what is going on? I'm like, you know, but they can hear me right there. And so, the creek and just really everything. A lot, a lot of hiking, I will say we live near a mountain and we're in Georgia. So, the North Georgia mountains are not far from us. We have Appalachia or Appalachia, as my friend said, I mispronounce it. And yeah, there's nothing that isn't my one of my first dates with Scott was whitewater rafting. So, we've always kind of embraced that.   Laura Dugger: (26:03 - 26:37) Oh, that's a special way to tie in a married couple memory with your kids and get to pass that along. And water and mountains, those things are, they never get old. But I've heard others even say like, you don't have to take stuff other than water and snacks, like you mentioned, to go outside. But I like the practical tips that sometimes people take art supplies, and they can nature journal or a book to read aloud. Do you have any other practical tips like that, that you would encourage if somebody wanted to get started with this lifestyle?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (26:38 - 28:47) Yeah, I would say, um, we, okay, the best thing I can say is to just try it like I think that oftentimes I know my I'm like this, you want to try to be an expert at something before you actually put it into practice. And the point is, like, we're looking at someone's work or something that they're doing after years that they've been in practice. And then we're expecting to do that from the very beginning. And until we get there, we don't want to do it. So, for example, nature study, nature journaling, I always admired nature journaling. But when you look at people's nature journals that they people who are willing to share, there's usually a reason they're willing to share theirs because it looks beautiful. And mine didn't also look beautiful. But I was still willing to give it a try. And I love that. And I love my kids, what they've worked on. And I cherish all of our early beginning sketches. And quite honestly, I'm still not great. But I think having tools like watercolor pens and water pens where we can do watercolor on the go. And we've done many pictures out by the side of the creek on picnic blankets, especially like my older children while younger people are like, What do I do with these little ones like water, you know, like they love that splashing, making sandcastles and things while I'm painting or doing things watercolors with the with the older ones. And were they museum worthy? No. But there was a lot of enjoyment involved in a skill-based learning. So, I think asking questions and inquiry, using pictures, sure and painting, but also keeping track of things the the date that our cherry blossoms bloom, and our white cherry blossom blooms before the pink one every year and keeping track of that or paying trying to map all of the vegetation in our yard like we are, you know, know which trees what they're called where they come from that takes time. And those are things we've done. It's not like we're only just sitting there barefoot grounding ourselves and forest bathing. You know, we're out there learning as well. And I think that, you know, both are beautiful ways to enter into that.   Laura Dugger: (28:48 - 29:34) I love it. There's so many benefits. And you even mention grounding that helps so much going barefoot with inflammation and different body systems that are reset even by getting out and getting early morning light and the serotonin that's produced that turns into melatonin at night. So, we're happier in the day and sleepier at night, resetting systems in our eyes and like healing our body in different ways to an even how much better outdoor air is for us than indoor air. The benefits just go on and on. So, would you have any to add that either your family has experienced personally, or you've learned about just benefits of getting outdoors?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (29:34 - 31:29) Yeah, I think that one, even, you know, all the things you said, yes, and also the mental clarity. And that's why I don't like being time outdoors, being tied to a negative consequence for academic related behavior. So, the house across the road from ours, you know, I could say ironically, or just be like, God chose to gift us. It's a homeschooling family. They moved in a couple years ago, and they have some kids are some of our kids are similar ages. And our boys are just outside all the time together hours and hours and hours every single day. And I see the difference on days where the weather doesn't permit it or where one family or the other, you know, isn't available. There's a difference in terms of clarity and the work that's happening at the lesson table as well. And this came up, you know, my nephew, you know, they're not homeschooled, and his parents took him on a trip, which caused him to miss a day of school. And he missed an assignment that day, he didn't turn it in. And so, the school then when he got back to school punished him by keeping him indoors for recess. And I was helping, you know, my family craft a note that talks about two things. One, they punished a child for a decision the parents made. And that is grossly unfair, they should be talking to the parents about not missing school, if that's the important thing. And the second thing is, you took away the very thing that allows these children to have what they need to sit quietly and take in, you know, that that's not, that's not how you that's not an appropriate consequence. So, anyway, I feel that the mental clarity beyond the things I would have named the same things you already said, it would be the only other thing that I would bring in and why time outside actually helps us to achieve deeper and broader and more expansive learning when we are inside.   Laura Dugger: (31:29 - 31:54) That's good. And I love how you keep mentioning the piece of community that that's the best way to do this. So, regardless of somebody homeschools, or they don't, how can all of us actually prioritize this? And what's a good, healthy goal for getting started, even as specific as how much time outdoors, how many outdoors or how many days a week should we be outdoors?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (31:55 - 33:01) Yeah, that's, it's so different for every family, I think that you should go just past the point of comfort, you know, for most of us. So, if the point of comfort for you is like 30 minutes a week, then you would start out like aim for an hour a week, you know, 20 minutes, three days, if you're already outside for, you know, 10 hours, a couple hours each day, you know, I would say, maybe shake it up with what you're doing and see what would it be like to go on a really long outdoor excursion on a Saturday, or to take a day off or something like that. So, I don't want to say an exact number, because we're all entering in at a different place. For me, if someone had told me to spend eight hours outside with my kids, when I was first starting, and I'm used to going to playground for 20 minutes, that would have been overwhelming. And I would have been like; there's no way I'm ever gonna do it. So, I think like, just taking it, like, where do I feel most comfortable? And how can I push myself just past that point would be a great place to start and kind of a nice place to always stay? Like, what's the next thing that we can do to lean further into this?   Laura Dugger: (33:02 - 33:15) That's really good, very wise counsel. And Amber, you've mentioned that your family loves to travel. So, will you share any adventures that you've had as a family with world schooling?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (33:16 - 36:20) So, our goal, and it's just a fun thing, you know, I don't know if we'll totally do it, but I think we will, is to have children. So, for us, world schooling is where we're not on vacation, but we're actually deeply immersed in a learning stance in another country, another part of the world. And we're trying to do that on every continent, except Antarctica, before my oldest graduates. So, we have two continents left, we are going to be going to Asia in the fall. So, we'll be taking that one off of our list and for that particular feat. And then her senior year, we'll do Australia and hop over to New Zealand. That's the plan, if it's God's will for us to do that, that's what we would like to do, and that will complete our journey. And then we'll keep traveling, but that was just kind of a fun thing to help lead us, because there are so many places in the world to go, like how do you know? And so, that kind of helped us know, well, let's do this continent, let's do that continent. So, we took our first trip, we spent three months in South America, most of it spent in Bolivia. And I can tell you exactly the kids' ages, because my youngest turned two in Bolivia. So, they were two, four, six, and then one turned eight there. And so, that was, you know, diapers, I had a baby in diapers, a little one in diapers and still nursing when we went on our first trip. And I've never regretted that. People have said, why would you take kids so young? You know, they're not going to remember. And I think a couple thoughts. One, you'd be surprised, they do remember. They may not remember this artifact in some museum, but that's not what we spend most of our time doing. But they remember the people. And we've kept in touch with a lot of the people that we've met in these different countries. And we've even had visitors in our home, staying in our basement apartment that we met abroad. So, they do remember. They remember how things feel and taste more than they remember exactly, like historical markers and things like that. Also, I kind of compare it to like breastfeeding and nursing, like my kids, except for one little boy who held on way too long, but they don't remember that. But I believed that it was something good for them that was forming. It was helping to form who they were, not so much who they were personality wise, but their bodies as they were growing. And so, sometimes we do things that are foundational to our children's development, even if they don't have a conscious and direct memory of that thing. And that's how I see world travel. So, we've been to Europe, and we were in Greece when COVID hit. We were in the middle of a big trip there. So, we had the whole struggle to get back to the United States. We've been to West Africa, most spent in Ghana, England, France. We're going to Ethiopia this year. So, yeah, that's kind of, that's our thing.   Laura Dugger: (36:20 - 37:04) Wow. And those memories are incredible. Even let's say your children forget some of this, or if they're too young to remember all of it, you remember this and you get to share those stories with them and pass that along. I can't even imagine all of the learning that takes place from being immersed in those other cultures. But you also mentioned welcoming people into your basement apartment. So, you sound hospitable as a family. What does that actually look like? And I'm kind of going to throw two questions at you. What does that actually look like? And then both for world schooling and hospitality, what are tips for ways we can replicate that as well?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (37:06 - 39:52) So, one thing that's important to me to always share about world schooling, I have a whole chapter about our world schooling adventures in my first book, but one important thing that I call out there is Eli Gerzen. He's the guy who came up with the word world schooling. And he says, you know, we don't even need a passport to do it. That world schooling is really learning from the world around you. It could be your local library. It could be the internet. It could be your neighbors. And so, while I use this more global term of world schooling, because that's just what we call it in our family, the truth of the matter is it's a way of seeing the world and seeing all the opportunity to make connections right where you're sitting. And people are like, oh, you guys have so much money. I can't do that. First of all, we don't have so much money. Like, for instance, we have one car, right? So, there are sacrifices that we make that other people may choose to spend their money in a different way. So, we definitely don't have a ton of money. But more importantly, I'm thinking, yeah, you're saying that you don't have money, but how much have you explored your county? Like, what do you know about the history of your county? And have you been to your local historical society? And have you really, you know, got in? Have you been to an old the oldest cemetery within driving distance of your home? Have you gotten a tour of it to hear the stories of who's there? Like, you can have that same inquiry and curiosity without ever leaving. So, I'll say that first. And in terms of the hospitality part, it's like an it's an intention, right? You have to like, decide that you're going to do that, because it's so much easier not to have people at first view, like, oh, my house is not clean, and blah, blah, blah. And people don't just stop by the way they used to stop by, like my grandparents' house, it was so fun staying there in the summer, because people just folks just came in and out all day, just they come calling is what they call it, they come calling. And even when we read Jane Austin, people leaving the call guard, you know, when they came to visit, and you weren't there, like, there was this idea that you didn't have to have an appointment. And now you do, you have to let someone know before you're coming. So, it's a choice to be vulnerable, if you want to be hospitable in that way that people will see your, you know, dirty bones of your house. And you know that you're not always presenting this, like really sanitized version of your family and your family life. And so, I think that's intentional decision to say it's more important to us to be with other people and let them in than it is for us to always sanitize everything before they get here. And I don't mean sanitizes and clean the house that too, but I mean sanitizes and everyone's behaving the way that I want them to behave in front of people and all of that as well.   Laura Dugger: (39:53 - 41:05) When was the first time you listened to an episode of The Savvy Sauce? How did you hear about our podcast? Did a friend share it with you? Will you be willing to be that friend now and text five other friends or post on your socials anything about The Savvy Sauce that you love? If you share your favorite episodes, that is how we continue to expand our reach and get the good news of Jesus Christ in more ears across the world. So, we need your help.   Another way to help us grow is to leave a five-star review on Apple Podcasts. Each of these suggestions will cost you less than a minute, but it will be a great benefit to us. Thank you so much for being willing to be generous with your time and share. We appreciate you.   Well, and I think it is a biblical command for all of us and it does bless the person or the people that we are hosting, but there are also rewards for us in the process. So, if you even just could think of one reward of a way that this hospitality has blessed your family, what would you say?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (41:07 - 41:55) Well, I would say John chapter five, it says, you know, this verse we've all heard, "I am the vine, you are the branches. If you remain in me and I in you, you will bear much fruit apart from me, you can do nothing." So, you know, when we talk about hospitality, we spend a lot of time talking about what my family is doing for other people. But also, that means that my family is constantly in contact with other believers and other people who are helping us with our faith to helping us to remain connected to Jesus. And without that connection, we know that there's nothing that we can do, nothing of any spiritual significance. So, while I'm inviting those people into our lives, it also ensures that my family is not alone in what we're trying to do in our faith. So, like, that's one of a very easy benefit, I can say right off the top.   Laura Dugger: (41:56 - 42:18) Then that one is truly invaluable for our children to get to witness the way other people live out their faith, and it impacts each of us. But I'm also curious, how do you manage your time so that you can be a content creator, and you can homeschool and travel and cultivate these relationships?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (42:20 - 46:08) So, first, let me say that it's not always easy. And there are seasons where I feel like I'm doing a really good job with that. And there are seasons where I feel like I'm not doing a good job. I always prioritize my family first. And so, during the seasons where I feel like I'm not doing a good job, it's very public. People can see I did not post on Instagram for a month, or I'm not speaking as much. They're finding it harder to find opportunities to hear me speak, or I have a long lull before books are published. Those are times where I've turned inward towards my family, where I felt like I didn't have the bandwidth for everything. And so, that's something I have to deal with on a constant basis, because I know that my business or my ministry is not as rich and robust as it could be. I have ideas for days. I have ideas and the ability to bring them to fruition. But I'm not willing to sacrifice the time that it takes to do those things in this season. Because even though I don't have little kids, I definitely have more time than I did when I had little kids. It's not even just time; it's more mind clarity as well. But I don't have as much time as people with little kids would think, because I want to be fully present, even for my teens. When they want to talk to me, I want to be talkable too. I want to be available to them. And we're going to places. We're doing things. They're busy. I'm busy. And I'm trying to prepare them for young adulthood. And that's just as time-consuming as trying to prepare my young children for the next stage of their development. So, I guess it's so messy. Oh my gosh, it's messy. It's chaotic. It's a little bit crazy. But in the center of it all, I really appreciate the opportunities I do have to do the things that help refuel, help me refuel. So, I'm a writer. So, writing isn't just about creating a book. It's that I get to create a book, but really it's about the process and how cathartic it is for me to sit in silence and wonder about things and be able to write them out. And oh, lo and behold, there's a publisher who is interested in publishing those things. But the real work for me is in the process of writing. Then when I come home from a coffee shop or I emerge from my room, I come back more enthusiastic about what it is we're working on and what we're doing. The other thing that I would share is that I don't do all of that stuff by myself. So, things that people don't, just like I say, I have one car and we travel the world, people are like, oh, okay, this is not what I thought. My husband does all the laundry, every piece of laundry in this house that the teens do their own, but all the laundry that's done, he does and has done for over a decade. So, that's a thing I have to say, because you might be picturing that I'm doing all of those things. Or when I wrote one of my books, I was struggling and Scott was like, how can I help you? And he was like, what if we get help to come in with the kids like a nanny or something a few hours a week? I'm like, no, that's the last thing I want somebody to touch. So, he's like, well, what is it? So, we hired a chef, and she would prepare all of our dinners according to like what I, how I like my family to eat and lots of whole foods and good things. And she would drop them off at our house. It was very expensive, but I used part of the money from the advance from the publisher to pay for that so that I could write the book. So, I think those are things that a lot of times people don't talk about, but I have support in place. I'm not super woman any more than anyone else.   Laura Dugger: (46:08 - 46:49) Oh, I appreciate that real picture and those creative ideas because as mothers, we don't just make goals for ourselves. Like you said, we have these dreams and ideas that we could put into practice, but we consider our relationships as well and how it will impact everyone. So, I love hearing practically how that plays out for you and the trade-offs that you've chosen to make. And I know that you and I also share a passion for reading aloud. So, if we could get really practical for a moment, what are some of your most recommended read aloud for families from a variety of age groups?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (46:50 - 53:05) Well, I'm always ready for that question, but I have to say, it's almost asking me, which of my children are my favorite? It's so hard in so many ways, but for younger elementary, I picked three books that I think kind of help show how expansive I feel like I want my children's reading life to be. So, this book is called Indigo Dreaming, and it's a book about two girls, one's in North America and another one we can believe is off the coast of Africa. And they're both doing what they do in their own homes. And it's beautifully illustrated also, but they're both doing what they do in their own homes while wondering, is there another little girl in this world doing what I do, liking what I like? Well, indeed there is. And it's poetic and it has soft paintings. It's just stunning. And then another one is called The Magic Doll. It's a children's book inspired by African art. And in this book, the mother desperately wants to have a child, but she's dealing with infertility, and she turns to the use of an infertility doll. And what would I say about that? My family doesn't believe that, but it's a book that I read with my children because we were going to visit this culture. And I wanted to explain to them how we can respect something and learn about it even without adopting it. And that you can understand the yearning of a mother's heart to hold a child in her hand and the desperation that that could bring about. And I wanted them to know that we would see fertility dolls there and what they meant and things like that. And it's also beautifully illustrated, which is important to me. And then this one's just a fun book. It's called I Had a Favorite Dress, but as the dress starts getting too small, she cuts it and turns it into a skirt. And then it gets turned into this. And then the little, small piece gets turned into some socks. And then it's just a little scarf and snip, snip, sew, sew, pretty hair bow. And so, the same piece of fabric, this favorite dress she had, every time she can't use it in that way anymore, it gets moved and shifted. Into something else. And this book reminds me to just, you know, sometimes we share heavier topics with our children, even beautiful topics, but sometimes it's just joy. Like that's the whole purpose of the book is to smile and have fun. And I'll move more quickly for the older elementary books. I have this book called Schomburg. It's a nonfiction book about Arturo Schomburg and the man who built a library, which is now housed. His home library is now housed as part of the collection of the public library system in New York. And he collected books about all types of black and brown people. And it was considered one of the foremost library collections. So, as a book lover, I love that story. This one's called Heart and Soul. It's the story of America and African Americans with stunning illustrations by Kadir Nelson. So, I love visual art. I always say my family, we can't afford to buy the most exquisite art for our walls, but we have an exquisite art collection through our picture books that I've collected. And then the last one is for that group is John Henry by Julius Lester and Jerry Pinkney illustrations. So, those are two powerhouses of African American author and illustrator. Both have passed. And it is the tall tale of John Henry told in a way that you've never seen before. For older kids, like middle schoolers, I love this one Big Open Sky because it's about some black exodusters who are moving west. And it goes so well for families who love Little House on the Prairie. But, you know, Little House on the Prairie, in some ways, there's some instances that are a little disrespectful to Native Americans and black people. And this is like a redemptive story, not instead of but alongside of it to say that there were black people that were also moving westward and what was their journey. And it's written in verse, like, oh, my gosh, I can't even tell you enough about that. This book, The Angel Orphan, my friend Leah Bowden wrote this book, and it's the story of Charlotte Mason. So, in chapter book form. So, there's also a picture book that someone wrote, but this is a beautiful story about Charlotte Mason. And my family's all-time favorite on my kids read aloud is The Winged Feather Saga by Andrew Peterson. And that whole series, oh, my goodness, that cemented so much of our family lexicon, because it's filled with like made up words. And it I mean, we have jokes and talks and sayings for days coming out of that series. For our older teenagers, um, or even early elementary, early middle school and early teenage years, the Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry is just like a such a classic, Mildred D. Taylor that many of us read. But she also wrote a young adult version where Cassie is entering young adulthood. So, different age audiences, but same author. And a lot of people haven't heard of the other book All the Days Past, All the Days to Come. So, for high school, I love that. And then I threw a couple things in for mama. I'm an epic story of called Homegoing about two sisters and the different paths their lives take during a time I'm part of it is told in Africa and part of its told in the United States. And the last book I have is this memoir, A Black Mother's Garden. It's called Soil. And she uses her actual real garden at her home to kind of give us this idea of life. And it's, it's, you know, it's, it's hard to explain, but it's her it's part memoir, part gardening, like learning and talking about the plants, but also how all of that can turn into kind of like the soil of your life and the people being plants, and she really focuses on wildflowers. So, it's a stunningly, like poignant and beautiful memoir. So, those are my favorite, you know, and now if you ask me tomorrow, you're going to get a different stack.   Laura Dugger: (53:07 - 53:27) I love it. What a gift to get to see all of those you and I share some of those favorites, and you've introduced me to some new ones. So, I'm very grateful and hope everybody listening feels the same. But speaking of books, you've authored more than one. But will you tell us about your most recent release entitled Soul School?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (53:28 - 55:58) Yeah, so, Soul School is it's Soul School: Taking Kids on a Joy Filled Journey Through the Heart of Black American Culture. And I know it's so hard with those. But it is a book of books. So, people who have enjoyed Honey for a Child's Heart, or The Read-Aloud Family, those types of books, which I have adored, and I have all of them, and I've highlighted them or, or Give Your Child the World is another one, highlighted them and dog eared them and have used them to check out books for the library for my children for many, many years. And, and at the same time, I was always very, you know, on my heart that the books that I spend a lot of time reading with my children that I choose and I select are never really included in most of those books.   And there was the season, you know, I'm like, frustrated, you know, I'm mad. I'm like, why? Why are they putting these books in here? And then the more I thought about it, I was like, the most you can ask for a mother to do when she's sharing these books, when it's coming from that is what she read with her children. So, am I going to be mad at her that she didn't read what I think she should read? No, do I wish that it had been more expansive? Sure, I do. But how many of us wouldn't go back and do something differently if knowing what we know today or whatever. So, I wrote a companion like the I see not to replace those books. But this book is filled with African American and black diasporic children's literature starting from preschool all the way through high school.   The first part of the book, I talk about what I'm looking for specifically in books about black American culture, and why those things are important. So, the first few chapters, first five chapters are really teaching the teacher. And then the rest of the book, which makes up most of the book are really rich annotated book lists with descriptions why I chose the book discussion questions, project ideas, and something called second helpings. Like when you think of a big soul food dinner, you go through the line the first time and you fill your plate, but then you go back for second helpings of the things that taste the very best. So, if your child likes this book, then here are two second helpings that they also would probably enjoy. And you know, the book was years in the making, I read all 300 plus books in there from cover to cover. And that's kind of my contribution to raising our children.   Laura Dugger: (56:00 - 56:40) Wow, I mean, it is a stunning piece of work. And there's so much for your family, but also for all of us. So, I think of being one of your kids, what a treasure that their mom read 300 books and put this together. But for all of us, I love books on books. And like you said, we can use it to go to the library or then once we read those and find which other ones we love, we can add it to our home collection. So, thank you for that powerhouse of work. And Amber, there's still so much more that you could share with us. Where can we go after this conversation to connect with you or to learn more?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (56:42 - 56:56) Go to heritagemom.com. And there you'll find all of my books and years' worth of blog posts and book recommendations and other things. My Instagram is @heritagemomblog and the same at Facebook.   Laura Dugger: (56:56 - 57:12) Wonderful. Okay, we will add those links to the show notes for today's episode. And you may be familiar that we're called The Savvy Sauce because savvy is synonymous with practical knowledge. And so, as my final question for you today, Amber, what is your savvy sauce?   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (57:12 - 57:50) Oh, this is such a great question. I love this part of your podcast. I would say that my savvy sauce is learning to be a really great listener. Like if there's nothing else, then that's listening to my husband and the things of his heart and listening to my children and my neighbors and my friends.   But also, people I don't know, people in other places. And also, people I disagree with and being willing to be quiet and listen and take what I can from what they're sharing as well. So, that is, I think my savvy sauce is being an introspective listener.   Laura Dugger: (57:50 – 58:13) That is well said. You are such an inspiring and creative soul. And I have thoroughly enjoyed this chat. And I know I've been hearing you speak on other podcasts and reading your work for years. So, this was such a treat to get to connect with you today. And I just want to say thank you for being my guest.   Amber O'Neal Johnston: (58:14 - 58:16) Thank you so much for having me.   Laura Dugger: (58:16 - 1:01:59) One more thing before you go. Have you heard the term gospel before?   It simply means good news. And I want to share the best news with you.   But it starts with the bad news.   Every single one of us were born sinners, but Christ desires to rescue us from our sin, which is something we cannot do for ourselves.   This means there is absolutely no chance we can make it to heaven on our own.   So, for you and for me, it means we deserve death, and we can never pay back the sacrifice we owe to be saved.   We need a Savior. But God loved us so much, he made a way for his only son to willingly die in our place as the perfect substitute.   This gives us hope of life forever in right relationship with him. That is good news. Jesus lived the perfect life we could never live and died in our place for our sin.   This was God's plan to make a way to reconcile with us so that God can look at us and see Jesus.   We can be covered and justified through the work Jesus finished if we choose to receive what He has done for us.   Romans 10:9 says, “That if you confess with your mouth Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.”   So, would you pray with me now?   Heavenly Father, thank you for sending Jesus to take our place.   I pray someone today right now is touched and chooses to turn their life over to you. Will you clearly guide them and help them take their next step in faith to declare you as Lord of their life?   We trust you to work and change lives now for eternity. In Jesus' name we pray. Amen. If you prayed that prayer, you are declaring him for me, so me for him.   You get the opportunity to live your life for him.   And at this podcast, we're called The Savvy Sauce for a reason.   We want to give you practical tools to implement the knowledge you have learned. So, you ready to get started?   First, tell someone. Say it out loud. Get a Bible.   The first day I made this decision, my parents took me to Barnes & Noble and let me choose my own Bible.   I selected the Quest NIV Bible, and I love it. You can start by reading the book of John. Also, get connected locally, which just means tell someone who's a part of a church in your community that you made a decision to follow Christ.   I'm assuming they will be thrilled to talk with you about further steps, such as going to church and getting connected to other believers to encourage you.   We want to celebrate with you too, so feel free to leave a comment for us here if you did make a decision to follow Christ.   We also have show notes including where you can read scripture that describes this process. And finally, be encouraged.   Luke 15:10 says, “In the same way I tell you, there is rejoicing in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner who repents.”   The heavens are praising with you for your decision today.   And if you've already received this good news, I pray you have someone to share it with. You are loved and I look forward to meeting you here next time.

On COI #847, Kyle Anzalone breaks down the latest news from South America, Ukraine, and the Middle East.

As someone who's believed in Florida for over 20 years, I get asked all the time: “Why here?”The truth is, it's not just the sunshine. It's the migration, the opportunity, and the lifestyle that makes Florida unlike anywhere else.I break down exactly why I've bet on Florida for two decades, and how to spot the next Florida before everyone else does. From booming population growth to tax advantages and quality of life, this is why so many people, and their money, are moving here.In this episode, you'll learn:- Why net migration to Florida is over 1,000 people a day- How tax advantages create massive wealth opportunities- Why capital from New York, California, and South America keeps flowing here- How pro-business policies fuel economic growth and job creation- Why Florida's school voucher program is a game changer for families- How I built my real estate career from a single desperate investment- How to identify the signals of “the next Florida,” before the crowd doesLike this episode? Leave a review here: https://ratethispodcast.com/commondenominator

On COI #847, Kyle Anzalone breaks down the latest news from South America, Ukraine, and the Middle East.

This week Beau discusses the life and times of one of the greatest Elizabethan men of action, Sir Walter Raleigh. From his attempts to start colonies in North America, his role in the defeat of the Spanish Armada, his adventures in South America, his fall from grace and imprisonment under James I, his final hurrah in the New World, and his eventual disgrace and execution. 

Jean-Luc Brunel, the disgraced French modeling agent and close associate of Jeffrey Epstein, was accused in court filings of one of the most disturbing acts linked to the Epstein network — procuring a set of 12-year-old French triplets for Epstein as a “birthday gift.” According to testimony from Virginia Giuffre and other witnesses, Epstein allegedly bragged that Brunel had “bought them from their parents” in Paris by offering money and promises of modeling careers. The triplets were reportedly flown to the U.S., abused for several days, and then returned to France. While Brunel denied any involvement, the story became emblematic of how he allegedly exploited his modeling connections to funnel young girls into Epstein's orbit under the guise of legitimate work.The accusations fit a larger pattern of abuse stretching across Brunel's decades in the fashion industry. He was widely accused of using his agency, MC2 Model Management, which Epstein helped fund, to traffic underage girls from Europe and South America. French prosecutors arrested Brunel in December 2020 on charges of rape and trafficking minors, but before he could face trial, he was found hanged in his Paris jail cell in February 2022 — an eerily similar fate to Epstein's. His death left many questions unanswered, including the true extent of his role in supplying girls to Epstein and whether the triplets' story was ever properly investigated.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.com

Raffaele Imperiale, once one of Europe's most powerful narco-bosses and a key figure in the so-called “super cartel,” has officially turned state witness — becoming one of the highest-ranking Camorra figures to flip in decades. Arrested in Dubai in 2021 and extradited to Italy, Imperiale began cooperating with prosecutors in late 2022, offering to reveal the inner workings of his transnational drug empire and its connections to other major syndicates, including the Kinahan cartel. His cooperation reportedly includes extensive details on smuggling routes from South America through Dutch ports, European laundering channels, and the involvement of corrupt customs officials. Italian investigators have described his testimony as “devastating” to multiple networks operating between Italy, Ireland, Spain, and the UAE.In exchange for leniency, Imperiale surrendered millions in assets — including an artificial island in Dubai known as “Taiwan,” multiple villas, and artwork including two stolen Van Gogh paintings recovered from his possession. His cooperation has already led to new indictments and cross-border intelligence sharing between Europol, Italian authorities, and the Dutch National Police. In 2024, he received a 15-year sentence, dramatically reduced from the life term he once faced. Prosecutors believe Imperiale's turn as a pentito could unravel a generation of organized crime alliances that linked the Camorra to global cartels and money-laundering networks stretching from Dubai to Amsterdam.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.com

Presented by SoccermetricsHoward Hamilton, the founder of Soccermetrics, breaks down how we got to the final two in the Copa Libertadores Femenina competition and previews the match for a trophy!

In this episode, Michael and Tom begin the history of the 1942 classic Saludos Amigos by discussing how the film, and the research trip to South America that preceded it, came to be.Links:Michael's Disneyland History SegmentsImportant DIS links and more information!Connecting with Walt on TwitterDreams Unlimited TravelSources:Websites/Articles:Saludos Amigos, WikipediaThe Good Neighbor Films – Saludos Amigos, The Three Caballeros, maketheswitch.comThe Persistence of Disney, Saludos Amigos by Jerry Roberts for Armchair Cinema.comBuilding Entertainment: The Animated Films of the Walt Disney Studio. Saludos Amigos and The Three Caballeros, the-avocado.orgBooks:South of the Border with Disney: Walt Disney and the Good Neighbor Program, 1941-1948 by J.B. KaufmanVideos:Walt & El Grupo documentary directed by Theodore Thomas (available on Disney+) Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

As President Trump prepares to meet with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, all eyes are on how he can apply what he did in the Middle East to the Russia Ukraine conflict. Fox News Sunday anchor Shannon Bream joins the rundown to discuss the historic week in foreign affairs, including talks of the U.S. providing longer-range weapons to Ukraine, the potential need for an international stabilization force in Gaza, and escalating tensions in South America as President Trump confirms he has authorized CIA operations in Venezuela. Recent high-profile incidents involving illegal immigrant or non-citizen truck drivers, including immigration enforcement operations in Oklahoma where over 100 unlicensed foreign truck drivers were arrested, have prompted the Trump administration to crack down on improperly licensed truckers. Federal officials assert that truckers who cannot speak or understand English pose a danger to all drivers. Steve Gold, founder and CEO of 160 Driving Academy, joins the Rundown to express his shock at the number of non-English speaking drivers and illegal immigrants who have managed to obtain commercial licenses. He also discusses measures that can be taken to enhance road safety. Plus, commentary by Columnist for the New York Post, Karol Markowicz Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

GOLTV's Nino Torres drops by SDH AM to look at the world of soccerPlenty of news in South America, a look at the Women's Champions League with a critical eye, and will they make the deadline with a stadium reno...???All the thoughts as we go Fully Loaded...

Donate (no account necessary) | Subscribe (account required) Join Bryan Dean Wright, former CIA Operations Officer, as he dives into today's top stories shaping America and the world. In this episode of The Wright Report, Bryan exposes how Mexican cartels are learning drone warfare in Ukraine, Trump's new covert operation in Venezuela, and China's growing stranglehold on the world's rare earth supply. We also cover plans for an international force in Gaza, Trump's expanding bailout of Argentina, and the return of U.S. manufacturing jobs.   Cartels Train for Drone Warfare: Mexican and Colombian cartels are sending members to Ukraine to study drone combat and jamming evasion. These skills could soon target U.S. cities and law enforcement. Bryan warns, “When the next 9/11 happens, it may come from people we already know — using tech we helped build.”   Trump Targets Venezuela's Narco Regime: The President authorized CIA and Special Operations units to act against the Maduro government and its Cartel de los Soles network. The finding allows covert lethal force against designated terrorists, marking the most aggressive U.S. posture toward Venezuela in decades.   China's Rare Earth Power Play: Beijing tightened its export limits on critical minerals, shaking global markets. G7 leaders blasted Xi Jinping for weaponizing trade, while Trump's team vowed to counter with new mining and tariffs.   International Force for Gaza: Indonesia, Egypt, Qatar, the UAE, and Azerbaijan are preparing a stabilization mission as Hamas factions turn on rival clans. Bryan warns, “It may get far worse before it gets better.”   Argentina and the Fight Against Socialism: Trump doubled U.S. aid to $40 billion to back Javier Milei and block China's influence in South America, calling it “a bet on freedom.”   Manufacturing Returns Home: Jeep maker Stellantis and Whirlpool announced new multibillion-dollar U.S. investments, marking major wins for Trump's reshoring plan and America's industrial revival.   "And you shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free." - John 8:32     Keywords: Mexican cartels Ukraine drone training, Trump covert action Venezuela, China rare earth exports G7 response, Gaza International Stabilization Force, Trump Argentina Milei bailout, Stellantis U.S. factory investment, Whirlpool Ohio reshoring jobs

"South America is a region with great potential in terms of energy transition, mining, and geothermal. I would like to be part of the next major discoveries in critical minerals and contribute to new technologies for future generations." Ana Curcio shares her journey from academia to industry and highlights the growing role of geophysics in South America's energy and resource development. She explains the challenges of lithium brine exploration, the promise of geothermal energy, and the importance of connecting geophysics with engineering. Her insights show how geophysicists can play a key role in sustainable resource management and the energy transition. Read her article, "President's Page: Resources and geophysical opportunities in South America," on the SEG Library at https://doi.org/10.1190/tle41040228.1. KEY TAKEAWAYS > Geophysics must integrate with engineering to move exploration into production and add value to resource development. > Lithium brine and geothermal exploration in South America present both technical challenges and major opportunities for innovation. > Building stronger geophysical capacity in Latin America requires investment, education, and closer collaboration with local societies. GUEST BIO Ana Curcio holds a Doctor of Engineering and serves as a consultant at the University of Buenos Aires. A former SEG Director-at-Large, she has held multiple leadership roles within SEG and serves on the board of the Argentinean Association of Petroleum Geologists and Geophysicists. With more than 15 years of experience in hydrocarbons, lithium, and mining, Ana specializes in multiphysics integration for reservoir monitoring, brine prospecting, and anisotropy studies. She is fluent in Spanish, English, Portuguese, and Chinese.

Grains quietly mixed; corn finding support on recent export sales; China looks to fill import gap with government supplies; weather continues near ideal for South America.

BIO Niamh McAnally is an Irish-born bestselling author, keynote & corporate speaker, former TV director, and youngest daughter of the late BAFTA award-winning actor, Ray McAnally, and actor, Ronnie Masterson. Niamh has traveled all over the world and lived and worked as a volunteer in many island nations in the Caribbean and the South Pacific. In 2016 she helped a solo sailor crew his boat from Florida to the Bahamas. It was only supposed to last a month. Niamh soon realized she had not only found the life she loved but also the love of her life. She and Captain Gary have sailed as far north as Maine in the USA and to Bonaire off the northern coast of South America. With toes in the sand in Antigua, Captain and Crew became Husband and Wife! Many of her stories are inspired by her travels on land and at sea. Flares Up: A Story Bigger Than The Atlantic was conceived in Antigua when she witnessed Paul Hopkins and Phil Pugh cross the finish line after rowing 3,000 miles across the Atlantic. The book was shortlisted in the 2023 Sunday Times Vikki Orvice Award. Her memoir Following Sunshine: A Voyage Around the Mind, Around the World, Around the Heart will be released in 2024. Her short story Haul Out is featured in the anthology A Page from My Life, and she has been published in The Journal, Caribbean Compass, Sail, The Irish Times Abroad, Writing.ie and Subsea magazines. Niamh McAnally, The Writer On The Water    

Nico's got that funny feeling again, that the program the United States ran in South America for decades has come home. We talk about the uncanny feeling that has taken over the United States and how it has manifested itself in films, from John Frankenheimer's Seven Days in May to Alan Pakula's Parallax View to Paul Thomas Anderson's One Battle After Another. When the mirror is reflected only distortion, where does one go? Shownotes and references: http://theculturewedeserve.substack.com

How is the Spanish sparkling wine Cava different from the Italian bubbly Prosecco? What makes Xarel·lo stand out from Spain's other traditional Cava grapes? How did Alicante's Monastrell grape give rise to the rare Fondillón wine, and what makes it different from Port or Sherry? In this episode of the Unreserved Wine Talk podcast, I'm chatting with Sarah Jane Evans, author of the terrific new book The Wines of Central and Southern Spain: From Catalunya to Cadiz. You can find the wines we discussed at https://www.nataliemaclean.com/winepicks.   Giveaway Two of you are going to win a copy of Sarah Jane Evans' wonderful new book, The Wines of Central and Southern Spain: From Catalunya to Cadiz. To qualify, all you have to do is email me at natalie@nataliemaclean.com and let me know that you've posted a review of the podcast. I'll choose two people randomly from those who contact me. Good luck!   Highlights What do you need to know about Xarel·lo and Spanish sparkling wine? How does Cava compare to Prosecco? What effect does the aging process used for premium Cavas have on their taste profile, and how does it compare to Champagne? What is the historical significance of the Terra Alta region? Which historical artifacts has Sarah Jane encountered while visiting Spanish vineyards? How does Richard Ford's 1840s observation about Valencia still define Spanish wine culture in the Valencia region? What might surprise you about the ancient amphorae in Valencia and how they're used in modern winemaking? How do the three main styles of Sherry differ? Which types of glassware and food pair best with Sherry? What are copitas, and how do they differ from other glasses used for Sherry? How does serving temperature affect our enjoyment of Sherry? What do you need to know about wine and the Canary Islands? What challenges and opportunities does Sarah Jane see for the future of the Spanish wine industry?   Key Takeaways How is the Spanish sparkling wine Cava different from the Italian bubbly Prosecco? Prosecco bubbles are created and captured in the tank to make it a pleasantly fizzy drink. Whereas Cava is made exactly like Champagne. It's aged in the bottle with its yeast. It begins to develop other aromas which are nothing to do with flowers or fruits. The youngest Cava, can be released at nine months, younger than the youngest Champagne. If you're going to have a very young fizzy wine, then Prosecco is very appealing. What makes Xarel·lo stand out from Spain's other traditional Cava grapes? People have started to recognise that this white grape variety, once just a component in blending, can be grown on its own and produces lovely, fresh, excitingly lively wines that are not very high in alcohol. If you're making Cava, it's the one that will last. It has a capacity to age, which is better than the other two. How did Alicante's Monastrell grape give rise to the rare Fondillón wine, and what makes it different from Port or Sherry? Alicante is one of the places for Monastrell. Historically, they used to make a wine out of this red grape that got so ripe they didn't need to fortify it because the grape on the vine got so sweet that it turned itself into alcohol. Then it was a wine that was stable enough you could have it in a barrel. Then you could send it to India or to Africa, all around the world.   About Sarah Jane Evans Sarah Jane is an award-winning writer. She travels widely as an educator and consultant, and is a Contributing Editor to Decanter. Her books include The Wines of Central and Southern Spain, The Wines of Northern Spain, Seville, Chocolate Unwrapped, and also the entries on Spain and Sherry for the annual Hugh Johnson Pocket Wine Guide. Sarah Jane received the Royal Order of Isabella the Catholic awarded by the King of Spain for her work for Spain. Beyond Spain, her special interests in wine are Greece, South America and the great fortified and sweet wines of the world.     To learn more, visit https://www.nataliemaclean.com/359.

Saul or Tarsus, later known as the Apostle Paul, occupies an important place in Church History. Dr. David provides wraps up his discussion on this complex man and explains how he became a central figure in the spread of Christianity in the first century.Resource Highlight- Peter and Paul in ActsDavid and Annie are serving the Lord in the US, Africa, India, and South America. Would you consider joining their team? Just click here to get involved. Thanks so much!Show credits:Opening music- Beach Bum Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/Transition music- Highlight Reel Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/Closing music- Slow Burn Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Compare and contrast these two body image calls: A woman's boyfriend is so insecure about his big body, that he can't get hard. She thinks he's hot as can be but can't seem to convince him of this. Meanwhile, a man finds that most of the women he meets in his open relationship dating community are too fat for him. Where can he find some skinny chicks into non-monogamy? Is there a top shortage? Not enough tops? Should we panic? Where are they??? On the Magnum, learn all about pup play with Amp! Amp is a Producer, streamer and co-creator of the kink educational channel "Watts The Safeword." He and Dan chat about the difference between light-hearted rolling-around-on-the-floor type pup play vs. hardcore BDSM pup play. They also talk about how very unwelcome children are at Folsom, and learn all about Locktober! (If you aren't already celebrating, as Amp is.) And, guncle to the rescue! A man living in South America has a 12 year-old great nephew, who he is convinced is gay. The poor kid lives in blood red Trump country in a conservative family. The caller worries that if he isn't subtle enough in his outreach to this boy, that he'll out him, and all hell will break loose. Q@Savage.Love 206-302-2064 This episode is brought to you by Erika Lust.com -the world's leading platform for ethical, cinematic adult films. Right now, Lovecast listeners get 45% off your subscription when you enter the code SAVAGE45 at erikalust.com. Foria is an all natural health & sexual wellness company with product lines using the power of plant actives & CBD to effectively enhance intimacy, sexual pleasure, daily wellbeing, and relief from discomfort. Get 20% off your first order by visiting ForiaWellness.com/Savage When it's too late for Plan B, abortion pills are a medically safe way to end a pregnancy. They've been around for decades, they're recommended for use up to 13 weeks to safely end a pregnancy, and today people are getting them by mail in all 50 states. They are also getting them delivered in advance, to store at home in case of future need. Visit PlanCPills.Org to learn more. This message is offered as a public service of the Savage Lovecast and Plan C, a 10-year old nonprofit initiative.

Swainson's Hawks make an incredible journey every year, migrating 12,000 miles round-trip from North America's prairies to Argentina's pampas. What makes them truly unique is their diet. Most hawks hunt rodents and reptiles, but Swainson's Hawks switch to insects, feasting on grasshoppers and locusts in South America. In the 1990s, this diet nearly led to disaster when pesticides in Argentina killed over 20,000 hawks in two years. But a successful international conservation effort saved them.More info and transcript at BirdNote.org.Want more BirdNote? Subscribe to our weekly newsletter. Sign up for BirdNote+ to get ad-free listening and other perks. BirdNote is a nonprofit. Your tax-deductible gift makes these shows possible. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

This episode dives into the complex and harrowing realities behind illegal immigration, focusing on children trafficked from Central and South America. Lee explains how many kids brought to the U.S. are kidnapped and coerced by cartels and gangs, highlighting the human tragedy behind the headlines. The discussion then shifts to the political arena, exploring the Democrats' strategy around the filibuster, their push for radical legislative changes, and the potential implications for voting rights, amnesty, and election control. With insight into both the human and political sides, this episode connects policy, politics, and personal stories to shed light on one of the country's most pressing issues.

In this episode of Vineyard Underground, Fritz welcomes Dustin Hooper, Vice President of Sales at Sunridge Nurseries, to take listeners behind the scenes of how grapevines are made. While growers see the final product when vines arrive at their vineyard, there's a fascinating process that begins long before planting — starting with certified mother vines and continuing through propagation, grafting, greenhouse production, and certification. Dustin shares his personal journey into the nursery business and offers an insider's perspective on the complexities of producing clean, reliable vines for commercial vineyards. Together, Fritz and Dustin explore the differences between own-rooted versus grafted vines, the pros and cons of dormant bare-root versus greenhouse formats, and innovations such as tall and medium-trained vines. They also cover critical topics like soil and water testing, rootstock selection, and how clones are chosen to fine-tune vineyard performance and wine style. A key part of the discussion is the rigorous certification process overseen by UC Davis Foundation Plant Services and state agencies to ensure vines are tested and free from major viruses before they ever reach a vineyard. Dustin emphasizes that selecting the right vine format, rootstock, and clone isn't just about availability — it's about long-term success, sustainability, and profitability. Listeners will come away with a deeper understanding of the nursery side of viticulture and gain practical insights into how to make informed decisions when ordering vines for their vineyard. In this episode, you will hear: The difference between own-rooted and grafted vines, and when each is appropriate Pros and cons of dormant bare-root vs. greenhouse-grown vines How tall and medium-trained vines can help in specific planting scenarios Why rootstock and clone selection are critical to vineyard success The rigorous certification and testing process that protects growers from viruses Follow and Review: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to follow the podcast and leave a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts! Your support helps us reach more listeners.

Kenya & Pupy's first steps togetherPlease note that this episode was recorded prior to Pupy's sudden passing.The moment we've all been waiting for since Kenya's relocation to Elephant Sanctuary Brazil on July 9, 2025, is finally here! Pupy and Kenya are now sharing the same yards, and can begin exploring this next step.Scott and Kat share how Kenya is learning to channel her big energy as she realizes that Pupy needs more reassurance in this new relationship. We also explore how Pupy's past elephant interactions have shaped her personality, and why—just like with humans—being the same species doesn't automatically mean becoming best friends. Expectations need to be realistic and never forced onto the elephants.With Halloween just around the corner, we also talk about Kenya's foot health and the fundraiser dedicated to it. Decades of captivity and little to no medical care have taken their toll on her feet, and she will require ongoing, long-term care.

How has the weather impacted the end of this year's crop? And what does our winter weather outlook say?   Find out as Mike Howell sits down with Nutrien Ag Solution's Sr. Science Fellow and Atmospheric Scientist, Eric Snodgrass, to unpack what's shaping up to be quite a familiar story; La Niña is back, and this winter's weather patterns are looking a lot like last year's.   Eric breaks down why the Bermuda High has shifted and how that's fueling dry conditions across the mid-south, and what farmers can expect heading into another La Niña winter. He explains the odd episodes of drought we've witnessed in the last three years, the current moisture pattern we're in, and his long-range weather outlook around the globe, from Europe and Australia to North and South America.   Plus, he shares his biggest watch out this season. Hint: it's all in the Gulf of Alaska.   Looking for the latest in crop nutrition research? Visit nutrien-ekonomics.com   Subscribe to our YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@NutrieneKonomics

How has the weather impacted the end of this year's crop? And what does our winter weather outlook say?   Find out as Mike Howell sits down with Nutrien Ag Solution's Sr. Science Fellow and Atmospheric Scientist, Eric Snodgrass, to unpack what's shaping up to be quite a familiar story; La Niña is back, and this winter's weather patterns are looking a lot like last year's.   Eric breaks down why the Bermuda High has shifted and how that's fueling dry conditions across the mid-south, and what farmers can expect heading into another La Niña winter. He explains the odd episodes of drought we've witnessed in the last three years, the current moisture pattern we're in, and his long-range weather outlook around the globe, from Europe and Australia to North and South America.   Plus, he shares his biggest watch out this season. Hint: it's all in the Gulf of Alaska.   Looking for the latest in crop nutrition research? Visit nutrien-ekonomics.com   Subscribe to our YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@NutrieneKonomics

(image source: https://lorosyguacamayos.com.ar/ave-voladora-mas-grande-de-la-historia-dinosaurio/) Host Matthew Donald and guest co-hosts Jaymes Buckman (and their friend Jamie) discuss Thanatosdrakon, a huge pterosaur with a fricking awesome name. If I didn't know any better, I'd say this thing was described in the 90s or early 2000s when everything was super-edgy. From the Late Cretaceous, this 30-foot-wingspan azhdarchid flew and stalked across prehistoric South America like the dragon of death it is… I guess. I mean, it is just an animal still. But what do I know? Nothing. That's why I host this podcast. I'm qualified. Want to further support the show? Subscribe to our YouTube channel at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdXnbmbdvKBVoUexcFBgMNQ for ad-free episodes, and sign up to our Patreon for exclusive bonus content at Patreon.com/MatthewDonald. Also, you can get links to follow Matthew Donald and purchase his books at https://linktr.ee/matthewdonald. His latest book, Teslamancer, just released August 27th! And mild spoiler alert... there are kind of dinosaurs in it... mwuahahaha. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Stories of ordinary people doing extraordinary things. That's how hunting author Peter Ryan describes his latest book Riding the Echo Down: Hunting Adventures from New Zealand and Around the World. The book is a collection of illustrated essays exploring hunting and the natural world and includes previously unpublished historical and modern images, vintage ephemera, maps, journal entries, news clippings, and artwork. It follows stories of hunters and adventurers from Africa, Asia, the Americas, and New Zealand. Peter Ryan has hunted around the world. After time spent in New Zealand and Australia, he volunteered for an aid project in southern Africa which led to an epic series of solo journeys across South America and Africa. His writing and images have appeared in hunting journals including Sporting Classics, Gray's Sporting Journal, Fieldsports and NZ Hunter. He speaks to Kathryn Ryan.

If you listen to this podcast, chances are you are obsessed with purple (or blue in Scandinavia, Red in South America etc) and have an unhealthy fetish on all things Phantom. This podcast is something a little different; Jermayn Parker is joined by Sean Bassett and Nick Moles as we chat about collecting. We have interviewed and chatted with a few collectors like Pete Klaus (Episode #88), Jon Cookson (#75), Antonio DiDio (#258), Ohm Roy (#108) and Gary Horne (#64) but one thing we have not addressed much is what happens to our collections when it is time to pass the collection onto the next person?This may sound morbid, but what happens if you are not prepared & your collection is left to your loved ones to deal with? This podcast is to at least start the preparation and/or conversation so you can pass the collection onto the next generation.Some key discussion points we discuss are:The difference between an investment and a hobbyWhat items could be seen as an investmentSwedish death cleaningHow to sell your collection when that time comesWhat to do with your collection if you cannot sell itAnything else you would like to see discussed? Let us know and give us your thoughts. You can email us at chroniclechamber@gmail.com or chat with us via our social media profiles on Facebook, Twitter, and/or Instagram. We love comments and feedback from the Phantom phans from around the world. Make sure you stay with us, and do not forget to subscribe and leave a review on our podcast on our YouTube Channel. Support the show

President Trump's administration may have frozen foreign aid but this week it's giving Argentina a $20 billion lifeline. It's a move his critics are suggesting is more about politics than sound economics. Argentina's president, the chainsaw-wielding Javier Milei, is a friend and close ally of Trump's. On on Tuesday, Milei will visit the White House to discuss the details of this new rescue plan. We ask the BBC's South America correspondent, Ione Wells, whether Trump is ditching ‘America First' economics to bail out Argentina, or whether this is a financial gamble that could pay off. Further reading: "How Milei's 'Thatcherite' economics divided his nation - but won over Trump" https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c9865l8540eo Producer: Viv Jones. Executive producer: James Shield. Mix: Neil Churchill. Senior news editor: China Collins. Photo:Reuters/Al Drago

Shaun J Wright is a dancer, singer, DJ, performer and House Music LOVER! With influences from Chicago to New York to London Shaun is bringing an edge to the genre that host Louie Green describes as fearless!! From Maywood, IL to Morehouse College to performances in South America and Europe Shaun has a unique point of view on the past, present and future of House Music. Listen and Share. www.VintageHouseShow.comSupport the showwww.VintageHouseShow.comPreserving and Celebrating the History of House Music

Jeffrey Epstein's world bled right into the dark corners of the modeling industry — the kind of places where luxury and depravity blur together under the same chandelier light. He used modeling as both a cover and a recruitment pool, pretending to be a gatekeeper to fame and fashion while exploiting the industry's obsession with youth, beauty, and access. Agencies, scouts, and so-called “talent finders” were part of this sleazy ecosystem — some complicit, others willfully blind — funneling vulnerable girls into Epstein's orbit with promises of photoshoots, mentorships, or introductions to elite circles. Behind the high-fashion gloss was a global network of manipulation: fake casting calls, private jets filled with “models,” and connections to legitimate modeling agencies that lent Epstein's operation an air of credibility. It wasn't just sex trafficking — it was the corruption of an entire image-based industry where power could be traded for flesh and silence was the unspoken price of admission.What made it all so insidious was how normalized it became. Epstein's connections to modeling power players like Jean-Luc Brunel, MC2 Model Management, and other agencies gave him a steady supply chain disguised as opportunity. Young women from Eastern Europe, South America, and small-town America were lured in by the same dream — the fantasy of walking Paris runways or being discovered at an upscale resort — only to find themselves trapped in something far darker. Epstein and his associates exploited the same machinery that made supermodels into icons, twisting it into a predatory conveyor belt. The “underbelly” wasn't a hidden world at all — it was the same glitzy one the public adored, just seen from a different angle: the hotel rooms behind the runway, the cash envelopes, the passports held hostage, and the broken promise that fame could ever be worth that kind of nightmare.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-epstein-chronicles--5003294/support.

Ben Lee was a teen rock prodigy at the age of 14.What followed was decades of making music, Hollywood fame, and a journey into alternative spirituality, including time at an Ashram in India, and exploring the world of ayahuasca, a hallucinogen found in a vine in the Amazon (R).Ben Lee grew up in Bondi in the 1980s when it was a place of bikie gangs, Yiddish-speaking grandmas and tribes of kids living next to one of the world's most beautiful beaches. He was educated at a local Jewish school where he confounded his Rabbi by asking some surprising questions about Moses.Ben was always a seeker, and even as a boy, he also possessed a whole lot of chutzpah.At the age of 14 he saw Nirvana play at the Big Day Out. The next day he started his own band and just two years later Ben was flying to America to support Sonic Youth.After many wild years, Ben emerged with a crucial realisation about his life story.  He is now living back in Australia with his wife Ione and their teenage daughter.This episode of Conversations was produced by Nicola Harrison and the Executive Producer was Carmel Rooney.It explores music, songwriting, drugs, drug taking, ayahuasca, what does ayahuasca feel like, ecstasy, do drugs change your brain, your brain on drugs, your subconscious mind, Claire Danes, how to be famous, what it feels like to be famous, mental health, identity crisis, seasons of life, rock star wife, rock star husband, Evan Dando, Evan Dando drug addiction, Lemonheads, ego, big ego, tall poppy syndrome, catch my disease, gamble everything for love, fame, rock music, singing, Bondi, Noise Addict, Sonic Youth, alternative spirituality, Judaism, Australian music, celebrity, Ione Skye.To binge even more great episodes of the Conversations podcast with Richard Fidler and Sarah Kanowski go the ABC listen app (Australia) or wherever you get your podcasts. There you'll find hundreds of the best thought-provoking interviews with authors, writers, artists, politicians, psychologists, musicians, and celebrities.

What if you could hit pause on your career, sell everything, and rediscover what freedom really means? That's exactly what Drs. Rebecca Steinbach and Schuyler Van Gorden did. After years of burnout, nonstop staff turnover, and feeling trapped by their own success, they sold their practices, packed their bags, and spent a full year traveling through Central and South America—with no plans to return. If you like this episode, here are more episodes we think you'll enjoy: Ep #556 – Exposing Dental Embezzlement And Protecting Practice Owners – David Harris Ep #555 – From Burnout to Balance – Building a Freedom-Based Dental Practice – Dr. Paul Etchison Check out the show notes for more information! P.S. Whenever you're ready, here are some other ways I can help fast track you to your Freedom goal (you're closer than you think): 1. Schedule a Call with My Team: If you'd like to replace your active practice income with passive investment income within 2-3 years, and you have at least 1M in available capital (can include residential/practice equity or practice sale), then schedule a call with my team. If it looks like there is a mutual fit, you'll have the opportunity to attend one of our upcoming member events as a guest. 2. Get Your Dentist Retirement Survival Guide: The winds of economic change are here, and now is the time to move to higher ground. This guide gives you the steps to protect your retirement, your family, and your peace of mind. Get the 25-point checklist here. 3. Get Your Free Retirement Scorecard: Benchmark your retirement and wealth-building against hundreds of other practice professionals, and get personalized feedback on your biggest opportunities and leverage points. Click here to take the 3 minute assessment and get your scorecard.

In this episode of Intermittent Fasting Stories, Gin talks with Sonja Zanders from Houston, TX.Are you ready to take your intermittent fasting lifestyle to the next level? There's nothing better than community to help with that. In the Delay, Don't Deny community we all embrace the clean fast, and there's just the right support for you as you live your intermittent fasting lifestyle. You can connect directly with Gin in the Ask Gin group, and she will answer all of your questions personally. If you're new to intermittent fasting or recommitting to the IF lifestyle, join the 28-Day FAST Start group. After your fast start, join us for support in The 1st Year group. Need tips for long term maintenance? We have a place for that! There are many more useful spaces beyond these, and you can interact in as many as you like. Visit ginstephens.com/community to join us. An annual membership costs just over a dollar a week when you do the math. If you aren't ready to fully commit for a year, join for a month and you can cancel at any time. If you know you'll want to stay forever, we also have a lifetime membership option available. IF is free. You don't need to join our community to fast. But if you're looking for support from a community of like-minded IFers, we are here for you at ginstephens.com/community. Sonja is a substitute teacher and tennis player from Houston, Texas. She shares her journey from being a strong athlete growing up to her struggles with weight that began during a two-year missions trip in South America, and continued as she experienced post-pregnancy weight gain. Sonja began intermittent fasting in 2020, and had initial success, losing 20 pounds, but the challenges that arose during a family crisis led her to stop fasting consistently for a significant period of time. Finally, in early 2025, she felt ready to resume the IF lifestyle.Sonja talks about the benefits she experienced with intermittent fasting, such as having more energy, fewer UTIs, and improved dental health. Despite the setbacks, when Sonja found her way back to intermittent fasting in early 2025, she rediscovered the numerous non-scale victories that her body greatly enjoyed. She emphasizes how Alternate Day Fasting (ADF) helped her break through a weight loss plateau, offering her greater flexibility and satisfaction by accommodating her social life better.For new intermittent fasters, Sonja advises tapping into resources like Gin's podcasts and books to stay informed and motivated. She highlights the importance of experimenting with different fasting methods to find what fits both physically and emotionally. Most importantly, she encourages listeners to be kind and gracious with themselves during challenging times, knowing that intermittent fasting is a sustainable and flexible lifestyle change that can always be resumed when they're ready.Get Gin's books at: https://www.ginstephens.com/get-the-books.html. Good news! The second edition of Delay, Don't Deny is now available in ebook, paperback, hardback, and audiobook. This is the book that you'll want to start with or share with others, as it is a simple introduction to IF. It's been updated to include the clean fast, an easier to understand and more thorough description of ADF and all of your ADF options, and an all new success stories section. When shopping, make sure to get the second edition, which has a 2024 publication date. The audiobook for the second edition is available now! Join Gin's community! Go to: ginstephens.com/communityDo you enjoy Intermittent Fasting Stories? You'll probably also like Gin's other podcast with cohost Sheri Bullock: Fast. Feast. Repeat. Intermittent Fasting for Life. Find it wherever you listen to podcasts. Share your intermittent fasting stories with Gin: gin@intermittentfastingstories.comVisit Gin's website at: ginstephens.com Check out Gin's Favorite Things at http://www.ginstephens.com/gins-favorite-things.htmlSubscribe to Gin's YouTube Channel! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_frGNiTEoJ88rZOwvuG2CASee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

"Physics-based approaches are like solving a puzzle with a set of rules. Data-driven geophysics is more like giving the puzzle to a computer that can learn the rules itself." Amine Ourabah shares how data-driven geophysics is transforming our understanding of the subsurface by combining physics with the power of machine learning. He explains how new tools, such as nimble nodes and distributed acoustic sensing, are making seismic imaging faster, cheaper, and more accessible across various industries, including oil and gas, geothermal, and carbon storage. Amine also highlights the importance of curiosity, adaptability, and simplicity in shaping the next generation of geophysicists and technologies. Read the September issue of The Leading Edge that features a special section about data-driven geophysics at https://library.seg.org/toc/leedff/44/9. KEY TAKEAWAYS > Data-driven methods reduce uncertainty, speed up workflows, and make seismic imaging more affordable for industries with limited budgets. > Advances in sensing technology and open data sharing are fueling breakthroughs in AI-driven geophysics. > Curiosity, adaptability, and strong fundamentals in physics and data science are essential skills for future geophysicists. GUEST BIO Amine Ourabah serves as Chief Geophysicist at STRYDE's London office, where he leads a world-class team of imaging experts and drives the company's data analytics strategy. He focuses on evolving STRYDE's technology to deliver faster, leaner, and more accurate subsurface insights, particularly in support of the rapidly expanding renewables sector. THIS EPISODE SPONSORED BY KATALYST DATA MANAGEMENT Katalyst Data Management provides the only integrated, end-to-end subsurface data management solution for the oil and gas industry. Its employees operate in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and South America and are dedicated to optimizing the value of subsurface data, including seismic and well data. Katalyst enables clients' digital transformation of E&P data with digitizing services and digital transformation consulting. Learn more at https://katalystdm.com. THIS EPISODE SPONSORED BY STRYDE STRYDE is the world's premier provider of ultra-lightweight seismic nodes, revolutionizing high-density subsurface imaging by making it faster, more cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable. Serving industries from oil and gas, geothermal, mining, and CCUS to academic research, STRYDE combines advanced technology, innovative exploration solutions, and expert data processing services to deliver actionable subsurface intelligence like never before. Discover STRYDE at https://stryde.io.

In this riveting episode of The ToosDay Crue, Stephen and Jake sit down with retired U.S. Army Green Beret Sergeant Major Mark Baylis. With service from Central and South America to Afghanistan and Iraq, Baylis shares elite military experience, leadership lessons, and his post-service mission: supporting struggling veterans through the VALOR Clinic Foundation. Tune in for deep insights into resilience, duty, and healing. learn more on Valor Clinic: https://valorclinic.org/

A clearly mentally disturbed Donald Trump got on Truth Social on Wednesday morning and demanded that Illinois Governor JB Pritzker and Chicago mayor Brandon Johnson be put in prison. Their crime, according to Trump, is that they aren't "protecting" his precious ICE agents that are disappearing people off the streets. ICE does not need "protecting," they are the ones that people need to be protected from. And with the way the agency has been attacking police officers, it seems like the ICE agents are the ones that need to be imprisoned.During an interview with Chris Cuomo on News Nation this week, Eric Trump went absolutely ballistic when Cuomo asked about the hypocrisy of Donald Trump weaponizing the federal government to go after his political enemies after spending years falsely accusing the Biden administration of doing that. Eric lost his mind when this was pointed out, and started yelling about all of the alleged offenses that Biden committed - with these examples being either exaggerated, fabricated, or happening long before Biden even ran for president. MyPillow CEO Mike Lindell announced this week that he is completely broke and can't afford to appeal a judge's recent ruling that found him liable for defamation against voting company Smartmatic. Lindell said that if he doesn't appeal it within 22 days, it'll go to a jury trial to determine the damages. The only problem, according to Lindell, is that he's completely broke, and now he's promising to go door-to-door to beg for money in order to get the cash to pay his lawyers. Democratic Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez came up with the perfect way to demoralize MAGA men, and it might be the most simple thing that a person can do: Laugh at them. She said this was particularly effective against Trump ghoul Stephen Miller, who was forced to watch her make fun of him on an episode of Laura Ingraham's Fox News show this week. Miller could barely muster a response, and Ingraham was slurring so much it was difficult to tell what she was saying, so it looks like AOC's method definitely worked. The official Twitter account of the Oregon Republican Party was busted using fake photographs to claim that Portland is under siege by the Left and that Trump's deployment of the National Guard was necessary. The only problem is that the pictures weren't from Portland, or from the US, or even from this year. Some of the pictures were nearly 20 years old and featured riot police in South America - obviously not modern-day Portland. The Oregon GOP deleted the post after being called out, but the damage has already been done. Text and and let us know your thoughts on today's stories!Subscribe to our YouTube channel to stay up to date on all of Farron's content: https://www.youtube.com/FarronBalancedFollow Farron on social media! Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/FarronBalanced Twitter: https://twitter.com/farronbalanced Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/farronbalanced TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@farronbalanced?lang=en

As AI tools race into every corner of software development, a simple question keeps coming back to me. Will AI replace human testers, or will it force us to rethink what great testing looks like in the first place. In today's conversation, I talk with Santiago Komadina Geffroy, a Software Engineer at Jalasoft and an educator with Jala University, about what changes, what stays, and what teams should do next. Santiago shares how his day job and teaching intersect. He points to a gap he sees often. Engineers are experimenting with large language models without fully understanding how they work, which leads to overconfidence and avoidable rework. He argues for clearer interaction patterns between tools and people. Think less about magic prompts and more about protocols, context sharing, and agent to agent collaboration. That shift frees testers to do the thinking work that AI still struggles with, from exploratory testing and usability judgment to spotting the weird edge cases that only show up when real humans use real products. We also get into bias and ethics. AI is only as fair as the data it learns from, and that matters in healthcare, finance, and hiring where a mistake can carry life changing consequences. Santiago calls for stronger education around data quality, authorship, privacy, and environmental impact, not as a side note but as part of how engineers are trained. He believes governance helps teams move faster with fewer regrets when they take AI into production. Security sits in the mix too. Many AI tools need deep system access. If compromised, they can distort results or leak sensitive information. Santiago is candid about the limits of any single safeguard. He recommends a culture of shared responsibility where engineers understand when to call in security specialists and how to design workflows that keep humans in the loop for consequential decisions. We close with what Jalasoft has learned from building with AI inside a nearshore model in South America. More thinking time. Smaller, controllable scopes. Clear lines between routine automation and human judgment. The headline is simple. AI will change testing. Human testers will remain at the heart of quality.

Luke Caverns joins us in the tent today to give a rapid-fire history of Central and South America, helping us understand some of life's unanswered questions. What are the origins of the Aztecs? Where did Mayan culture start? Who created the Olmec heads, and how were they able to make them? Luke helps us explore these and more fascinating topics... WELCOME to CAMP!

Joe's Premium Subscription: www.standardgrain.comGrain Markets and Other Stuff Links-Apple PodcastsSpotifyTikTokYouTubeFutures and options trading involves risk of loss and is not suitable for everyone.0:00 Farm Bankruptcies2:14 Bessent, Trade Talks, Farm Bailout5:16 "Debasement Trade"8:39 Brazil Update9:47 Shutdown, Rollins Interview

HEADLINE: The Zanclean Flood, Dwarfed Island Life, and Transatlantic Rafting in the Miocene and Oligocene BOOK TITLE: Other Lands, a journey through Earth's Extinct Worlds GUEST AUTHOR NAME: Thomas Halliday 200-WORD SUMMARY: This segment covers the Miocene and Oligocene eras. In the Miocene (5.3 million years ago), the Mediterranean basin dried out after losing its connection to the Atlantic at the Straits of Gibraltar. This basin was dramatically refilled during the spectacular Zanclean Flood, caused by an earthquake that allowed the Atlantic to surge back, resulting in a mile-high waterfall near Sicily. Before the flood, Gargano Island (now a peninsula in Italy) was home to dwarf fauna. Fossils recovered from its caves include Hoplomeryx, a deer-like organism characterized by saber teeth and five horns. Its main predators were giant birds, such as eagles and buzzard relatives. Moving to the Oligocene(33 million years ago), the discussion centers on South America as an island continent and the spread of grasslands. Grasses defended themselves with silica crystals, necessitating the evolution of specialized grazers with continually growing teeth, like early horses. A key evolutionary event was transoceanic rafting. African monkeys, rodents, freshwater fish, and amphibians crossed the Atlantic Ocean—which was two-thirds its modern width—on structurally sound fragments of land that detached during storms.

PREVIEW-HALLIDAY-DRAKE-10.mp3. Otherlands: A Journey Through Earth's Extinct Worlds. Thomas Halliday. This excerpt features John Batchelor speaking with Thomas Halliday, the author of Otherlands: A Journey Through Earth's Extinct Worlds. Halliday describes the profound geological event that caused Antarctica to become ice-covered. Previously, the Antarctic Peninsula—including Seymour Island—was connected to Patagonia, maintaining a temperate climate with forests and diverse populations of mammals and birds. The cooling process began when the peninsula moved away from South America, opening the Drake Passage. This opening allowed the circumpolar current to form, isolating the weather system of the South Pole and preventing the exchange of warmth from South America and the tropics. This shift led to the emergence and spread of glaciers across the continent, a process that unfolded over tens of millions of years.