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Hello again Pacific War Week by Week listeners, it is I your dutiful host Craig Watson with more goodies from my exclusive patreon podcast series. This is actually going to be a two parter specifically looking at the failure and responsibility of Emperor Hirohito during the 15 year war Japan unleashed in 1931. Again a big thanks to all of you for listening all these years, you are all awesome.   Hello everyone, a big thanks to all of you who joined the patreon and voted for this to be the next episode, you all are awesome.    Now I realize very well when I jumped into my former patreon episode on Ishiwara Kanji, I fell into a rabbit hole and it became a rather long series. I wanted to get this one done in a single episode but its also kind of a behemoth subject, so I will do this in two parts: this episode will be on Hirohito's failure and responsibility in regards to the China War from 1931-1941. The next one will cover Hirohito's failure and responsibility in the world war from 1941-1945.   I am not going to cover the entire life of Hirohito, no what I want is to specifically cover his actions from 1931-1945. Nw I want you to understand the purpose of this episode is to destroy a narrative, a narrative that carried on from 1945-1989. That narrative has always been that Emperor Hirohito was nothing more than a hostage during the war years of 1931-1945. This narrative was largely built by himself and the United States as a means of keeping the peace after 1945. However upon his death in 1989 many meeting notes and diaries from those who worked close to him began emerging and much work was done by historians like Herbert P Bix and Francis Pike. The narrative had it that Hirohito was powerless to stop things, did not know or was being misled by those around him, but this is far from the truth. Hirohito was very active in matters that led to the horrors of the 15 year war and he had his own reasons for why or when he acted and when he did not.   For this episode to be able to contain it into a single one, I am going to focus on Hirohito's involvement in the undeclared war with China, that's 1931-1941. For those of you who don't know, China and Japan were very much at war in 1931-1937 and certainly 1937 onwards, but it was undeclared for various reasons. If you guys really like this one, let me know and I can hit Hirohito 1941-1945 which is honestly a different beast of its own.   For those of you who don't know, Hirohito was born on April 29th of 1901, the grandson of Emperor Meiji. Hirohito entered the world right at the dawn of a new era of imperial rivalry in Asia and the Pacific. According to custom, Japanese royals were raised apart from their parents, at the age of 3 he was placed in the care of the Kwamura family who vowed to raise him to be unselfish, persevering in the face of difficulties, respectful of the views of others and immune to fear. In 1908 he entered elementary education at the age of 7 and would be taught first be General Nogi Maresuke who notoriously did not pamper the prince. Nogi rigorously had Hirohito train in physical education and specifically implanted virtues and traits he thought appropriate for the future sovereign: frugality, diligence, patience, manliness, and the ability to exercise self-control under difficult conditions. Hirohito learnt what hard work was from Nogi and that education could overcome all shortcomings. Emperor Meiji made sure his grandson received military training.   When Emperor Meiji died in 1912, Hirohito's father, Yoshihito took the throne as emperor Taisho. Taisho for a lack of better words, suffered from cerebral meningitis at an early age and this led to cognitive deficiency's and in reality the Genro would really be running the show so to say. When Taisho took the throne it was understood immediately, Hirohito needed to be prepared quickly to take the throne. After Meiji's funeral General Nogi politely told the family he could no longer be a teacher and committed seppuku with his wife. He wrote a suicide letter explained he wanted to expiate his disgrace during the russo japanese war for all the casualties that occurred at Port Arthur, hardcore as fuck. Hirohito would view Nogi nearly as much of an iconic hero as his grandfather Meiji, the most important figure in his life.   Hirohito's next teacher was the absolute legendary Fleet Admiral Togo Heihachiro who would instill national defense policy into him. Hirohito would be taught Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahans theories as all the great minds were taught at the time. Now I know it sucks but I cant delve deep into all this. What I want you to envision is a growing Man, instilled with the belief above all else, the Kokutai was most important. The Kokutai was the national essence of Japan. It was all aspects of Japanese polity, derived from history, tradition and customs all focused around the cult of the Emperor. The government run by politicians was secondary, at any given time the kokutai was the belief the Emperor could come in and directly rule.   If you are confused, dont worry, I am too haha. Its confusing. The Meiji constitution was extremely ambiguous. It dictated a form of constitutional monarchy with the kokutai sovereign emperor and the “seitai” that being the actual government. Basically on paper the government runs things, but the feeling of the Japanese people was that the wishes of the emperor should be followed. Thus the kokutai was like an extra-judicial structure built into the constitution without real legal framework, its a nightmare I know.    Let me make an example, most of you are American I imagine. Your congress and senate actually run the country, wink wink lets forget about lobbyists from raytheon. The president does not have actual executive powers to override any and all things, but what if all Americans simply felt he did. Thus everyone acted in accordance to his wishes as they assumed them to be, thats my best way of explaining Japan under Hirohito.    Emperor Taisho dies in 1926, and Hirohito takes the throne ushering in the Showa Era. He inherited a financial crisis and a military that was increasingly seizing control of governmental policies. Hirohito sought to restore the image of a strong charismatic leader on par with his grandfather Meiji, which was sorely lacking in his father Taishos reign. He was pressured immediately by the Navy that the national sphere of defense needed to be expanded upon, they felt threatened by the west, specifically by the US and Britain who had enacted the Washington Naval Treaty. Hirohito agreed a large navy was necessary for Japan's future, he was a proponent of the decisive naval battle doctrine, remember his teacher was Togo.    From the very beginning Hirohito intensely followed all military decisions. In 1928 the Japanese covertly assassinated the warlord of Manchuria, Zhang Zuolin. The current prime minister Tanaka Giichi had performed a thorough investigation of the incident and presented his report to Hirohito on December 24th of 1928. He told Hirohito he intended to court martial the criminals, purge the army and re-establish discipline. However the rest of Tanaka's cabinet wished to allow the army to deal with the matter and quiet the entire thing down. Hirohito responded by stating he had lost confidence in Tanaka and admonished his report. Hirohito allowed the army to cover up the incident, he sought to have it hushed up as well. Thus Hirohito had indulged the army in its insubordination and the kwantung army officers now felt they could take matters into their own hands.   Also in 1928 the Tanaka cabinet failed to endorse the international protocol banning chemical and biological warfare. The next year the privy council, pressured by the military, failed to ratify the full geneva convention of prisoners of war. Hirohito in response began doing something Emperor Meiji never had done, he began to scold officials to force them to retire from positions. Tanaka Giichi was bullied out. Hirohito then stated his endorsement of Hamaguchi Osachi as Tanaka's successors.   Just a few months after Hamaguchi cabinet formed, Hirohito overrode the advice of his naval chief of staff and vice chief of staff, Admiral Kato and Vice Admiral Suetsugu. The Americans and British were hinting they might form a naval alliance against Japan if she did not abide by the Washington Conference mandates on naval tonnage. Kato and Suetsugu refused to accept the terms, but prime minister Hamaguchi stood firm against them. The navy leaders were outraged and accused Hamaguchi of signing the treaty without the support of the Navy General Staff thereby infringing upon the “emperor's right of supreme command”. Two months after signing the treaty, Hamaguchi was assassinated and upon learning of this Hirohito's first concern apparently was “that constitutional politics not be interrupted”. The military felt greatly emboldened, and thus began the age of the military feeling “its right of supreme command”. Generals and Admirals fought back against arms reduction talks, discipline within the officer corps loosened, things spiraled out of control. Alongside this came the increasing cult of the emperor, that they were all doing this in his name.   When rumors emerged of the emerging Mukden Incident in 1931, Hirohito  demanded the army be reigned in. Attempts were made, but on September 18th of 1931, Kwantung army officer detonated an explosion at Liut'iaokou north of Mukden as a false flag operation. The next day the imperial palace were given a report and Hirohito was advised by chief aide de camp Nara Takeji “this incident would not spread and if the Emperor was to convene an imperial conference to take control of the situation, the virtue of his majesty might be soiled if the decisions of such a conference should prove impossible to implement”. This will be a key theme in Hirohito's decision making, protect the kokutai from any threats.   As the Mukden incident was getting worse, the Kwantung officers began to demand reinforcement be sent from the Korea army. The current Wakatsuki cabinet met on the issue and decided the Mukden incident had to remain an incident, they needed to avoid a declaration of war. The official orders were for no reinforcements of the Korea army to mobilize, however the field commander took it upon his own authority and mobilized them. The army chief of staff Kanaya reported to Hirohito the Korea army was marching into Manchuria against orders. At 31 years of age Hirohito now had an excellent opportunity to back the current cabinet, to control the military and stop the incident from getting worse. At this time the military was greatly divided on the issue, politically still weak compared to what they would become in a few years, if Hirohito wanted to rule as a constitutional monarch instead of an autocratic monarch, well this was his chance. Hirohito said to Kanaya at 4:20pm on September 22nd “although this time it couldn't be helped, [the army] had to be more careful in the future”. Thus Hirohito accepted the situation as fait accompli, he was not seriously opposed to seeing his army expand his empire. If it involved a brief usurpation of his authority so bit, as long as the operation was successful. Within two weeks of the incident, most of Japan had rallied being the kwantung army's cause. Hirohito knew it was a false flag, all of what they had done. Hirohito planned the lightests punishments for those responsible. Hirohito then officially sanctioned the aerial strike against Chinchou, the first air attack since ww1.   A message had gone out to the young officers in the Japanese military that the emperors main concern was success; obedience to central command was secondary. After the Mukden incident Prime Minister Wakatsuki resigned in december after failing to control the army and failing to contain the financial depression. The new Priminister Inukai took to action requesting permission from Hirohito to dispatch battalions to Tientsin and a brigade to Manchuria to help the Kwantung army take Chinchou. Hirohito responded by advising caution when attacking Chinchou and to keep a close eye on international public perception. Nevertheless Chinchou was taken and Hirohito issued an imperial rescript praising the insubordinate Kwantung army for fighting a courageous self defense against Chinese bandits. In a few more years Hirohito would grant awards and promotions to 3000 military and civil officials involved in the Manchurian war. When incidents broke out in Shanghai in 1932 involved the IJN, Tokyo high command organized a full fledged Shanghai expeditionary force under General Shirakawa with 2 full divisions. But within Shanghai were western powers, like Britain and America, whom Hirohito knew full well could place economic sanctions upon Japan if things got out of hand. Hirohito went out of his way to demand Shirakawa settle the Shanghai matter quickly and return to Japan.   And thus here is a major problem with Hirohito during the war years. On one end with Manchuria he let pretty much everything slide, but with Shanghai he suddenly cracks the whip. Hirohito had a real tendency of choosing when he wanted to act and this influenced the military heavily. On May 15th of 1932, young naval officers assassinated prime minister Inukai at his office. In the political chaos, Hirohito and his advisors agreed to abandon the experiment in party cabinets that had been the custom since the Taisho era. Now Hirohito endorsed a fully bureaucratic system of policy making, cabinet parties would no longer depend on the two main conservative parties existing in the diet. When the diet looked to the genro as to who should be the next prime minister, Hirohito wrote up “his wishes regarding the choice of the next prime minister”. Loyal officials backed Hirohito's wishes, the cult of the emperor grew in power. To the military it looked like Hirohito was blaming the party based cabinets rather than insubordinate officers for the erosion of his own authority as commander in chief. The young military officers who already were distrustful of the politicians were now being emboldened further.    After Manchuria was seized and Manchukuo was ushered in many in the Japanese military saw a crisis emerge, that required a “showa restoration' to solve. There were two emerging political factions within the military, the Kodoha and Toseiha factions. Both aimed to create military dictatorships under the emperor. The Kodoha saw the USSR as the number one threat to Japan and advocated an invasion of them, aka the Hokushin-ron doctrine, but the Toseiha faction prioritized a national defense state built on the idea they must build Japans industrial capabilities to face multiple enemies in the future. What separated the two, was the Kodoha sought to use a violent coup d'etat to do so, the Toseiha were unwilling to go so far. The Kodoha faction was made up of junior and youthful officers who greatly distrusted the capitalists and industrialists of Japan, like the Zaibatsu and believed they were undermining the Emperor. The Toseiha faction were willing to work with the Zaibatsu to make Japan stronger. Hirohito's brother Prince Chichibu sympathized with the Kodoha faction and repeatedly counseled his brother that he should implement direct imperial rule even if it meant suspending the constitution, aka a show restoration. Hirohito believed his brother who was active in the IJA at the time was being radicalized. Chichibu might I add was in the 3rd infantry regiment under the leadership of Colonel Tomoyuki Yamashita.   This time period has been deemed the government by assassination period. Military leaders in both the IJA and IJN and from both the Kodoha and Toseiha began performing violence against politicians and senior officers to get things done.    A enormous event took place in 1936 known as the february 26 incident. Kodoha faction officers of the IJA attempted a coup d'etat to usher in a showa restoration. They assassinated several leading officials, such as two former prime ministers and occupied the government center of Tokyo. They failed to assassinate the current prime minister Keisuke Okada or take control over the Imperial palace. These men believed Japan was straying from the Kokutai and that the capitalist/industrialists were exploiting the people of the nation by deceiving the emperor and usurping his power. The only solution to them was to purge such people and place Hirohito as an absolute leader over a military dictatorship.    Now the insurrectionists failed horribly, within just a few hours they failed to kill the current prime minister, and failed to seize the Sakashita Gate to the imperial palace, thus allowing the palace to continue communicating with the outside, and they never thought about what the IJN might do about all of this. The IJN sent marines immediately to suppress them. The insurrectionists had planned to have the army minister General Kwashima who was a Kodoha backer, report their intentions to Hirohito who they presumed would declare a showa restoration. They falsely assumed the emperor was a puppet being taken hostage by his advisers and devoid of his own will.   At 5:40am on February the 26th Hirohito was awakened and informed of the assassinations and coup attempt. From the moment he learnt of this, he was outraged and demanded the coup be suppressed and something I would love to highlight is he also immediately demanded his brother Prince Chichibu be brought over to him. Why would this be important? Hirohito believed the insurrectionists might enlist his brother to force him to abdicate. Hirohito put on his army uniform and ordered the military to “end it immediately and turn this misfortune into a blessing”. Hirohito then met with Kwashima who presented him with the insurrectionists demands to “clarify the kokutai, stabilize national life and fulfill national defense, aka showa restoration”. Hirohito scolded Kwashima and ordered him to suppress the mutiny. On the morning of the 27th Hirohito declared administrative martial law on the basis of Article 8 of the Imperial Constitution, pertaining to emergency imperial ordinances. Formally he was invoking his sovereign power to handle a crisis. Hirohito displayed an incredible amount of energy to crush the mutiny as noted by those around him at the time. Every few hours he demanded reports to be given to him by top officials and at one point he was so angry he threatened to lead the Imperial Guard division himself to go out and quell it. Hirohito met with Chichibu and its alleged he told his brother to end any relationships he had with the Kodoha members. By february 29th, Hirohito had firmly crushed the mutiny, most of the ringleaders were arrested. In april they were court martialed secretly without even given a chance to defend themselves in court and 17 were executed by firing squad in July. As a result of it all, the Kodoha faction dissolved and the Toseiha faction reigned supreme.    On the morning of July 8th of 1937 came the Marco Polo Bridge incident, a nearly identical false flag operation to what occurred at Mukden in 1931. Hirohito's reaction was first to consider the possible threat of the USSR. He wondered if the communists would seize the opportunity to attack Manchukuo. This is what he said to Prime Minister Konoe and army minister Sugiyama “What will you do if the Soviets attack us from the rear?” he asked the prince. Kan'in answered, “I believe the army will rise to the occasion.” The emperor repeated his question: “That's no more than army dogma. What will you actually do in the unlikely event that Soviet [forces] attack?” The prince said only, “We will have no choice.” His Majesty seemed very dissatisfied.    Hirohito demanded to know what contingency plans existed. After this he approved the decision of the Konoe cabinet to move troops into Northern China and fixed his seal to the orders of dispatch. The emperor had tacitly agreed to it all from the start. With each action taken for the following months, Hirohito would explicitly sanction them after the fact. In his mind he kept thinking about a fight with the USSR, he believed he had no choice in the China matter. All of his top ranking officials like Sugiyama would tell him “even if war with China came… it could be finished up within two or three months”. Hirohito was not convinced, he went to Konoe, to imperial conferences, to other military officials to get their views. None convinced him but as Hirohito put it  “they agreed with each other on the time factor, and that made a big difference; so all right, we'll go ahead.”     Two weeks into the conflict, the kwangtung army and Korean army were reinforced by 3 divisions from Japan and on July 25th were reaching Beijing. What did the man who was not responsible in such decision making say? On July 27 Hirohito sanctioned an imperial order directing the commander of the China Garrison Force to “chastise the Chinese army in the Peking-Tientsin area and bring stability to the main strategic places in that region.” Hirohito wanted a killing blow to end the war, and thus he escalated the incident. Historian Fujiwara Akira noted “it was the [Konoe] government itself that had resolved on war, dispatched an army, and expanded the conflict,” and Hirohito had fully supported it”   Chiang Kai-shek abandoned northern China pulling into the Interior and unleashed a campaign in Shanghai to draw the Japanese into a battle showcased in front of western audiences. Chiang Kai-shek tossed the creme of his military all into Shanghai to make it as long and explosive as possible to try and win support from other great powers. On August 18 Hirohito summoned his army and navy chiefs for a pointed recommendation. The war, he told them, “is gradually spreading; our situation in Shanghai is critical; Tsingtao is also at risk. If under these circumstances we try to deploy troops everywhere, the war will merely drag on and on. Wouldn't it be better to concentrate a large force at the most critical point and deliver one overwhelming blow? Based on our attitude of fairness, Do you, have in hand plans for such action? In other words, do we have any way worked out to force the Chinese to reflect on their actions?”   The chiefs of staff returned 3 days later with an aerial campaign to break China's will to fight and strategic cities needed to be seized. Hirohito gave his sanction and on August 31st gave the order “for the Dispatch of the North China Area Army. [D]estroy the enemy's will to fight and wipe out resistance in the central part of Hepei Province,” Over the course of weeks Hirohito sanctioned 6 troop mobilizations to the Shanghai area where the fighting had bogged down. Then he sanctioned 3 divisions from Taiwan to Shanghai, but for units in northern Manchuria to stand guard firmly in case the USSR attacked. The entire time this was happening both China and Japan referred to it as an incident and not a real war lest either of them lose the backing of their great power allies. Japan needed oil, iron and rubber from America, China was likewise received materials from the USSR/America/Britain and even Germany.    By november the war was not going well and Hirohito had the Imperial Headquarters established within his palace as a means to exercise his constitutional role as supreme commander, the army and navy would act in concert. For a few hours in the morning a few days every week, the chiefs of staff, army and navy ministers and chiefs of operations would meet with Hirohito. At these imperial conferences Hirohito presided over and approved decisions impacting the war. This was Hirohito's device for legally transforming the will of the emperor into the will of the state. Hirohito not only involved himself, sometimes on a daily basis he would shape strategy and decide the planning, timing and so on of military campaigns. He even intervened in ongoing field operations. He monitored and occasionally issued orders through commanders to subordinate units. Now I can't go through the entire 1937-1945 war and showcase all the things he did but I will highlight things I think we're important.    On November 9th, the Shanghai battle was finally falling apart for the Chinese as they began a withdrawal to the Nanking area some 180 miles away. The Japanese forces chased them and for the first time were really coming into direct contact with Chinese civilians, when it came to Shanghai most had evacuated the areas. The Japanese burned, plundered and raped villages and towns as they marched towards Nanking. On december 1st, Hirohito's imperial HQ ordered the 10th army and Shanghai expeditionary force to close in on Nanking from different directions, a pincer maneuver. Prince Asaka took command of the Shanghai expeditionary force and General Matsui commanded the Central China Area Army consisted of the Shanghai force and 10th army. Asaka led the forces to assault the walled city of Nanking with a population estimated to be 4-5 hundred thousand and it would fall on December 13th. Was there an order to “rape Nanking”, no. The Imperial HQ did not order the total extermination of the Chinese in Nanking, they had ordered an encirclement campaign. However, the standing orders at this time were to take no prisoners. Once Nanking fell, the Japanese began to execute en massage military prisoners and unarmed troops who surrendered willingly. There was a orgy of rape, arson, pillage and murder. The horror was seen in Nanking and the 6 adjacent villages over the course of 3 months far exceeding any atrocities seen during the battle for Shanghai or even the march to Nanking. General Nakajima's 16th division on its first day in Nanking was estimated to have murdered 30,000 POWs. Estimate range insanely, but perhaps 200,000 POW's and civilians were butchered over the course of 6 weeks.   Prince Asaka the 54 year old grand uncle to Hirohito and other members of the Imperial Family commanded the attack on Nanking and supervised the horrors. 49 year old General Prince Higashikuni chief of the army air force alongside Prince Kan'in knew of the atrocities occurring. Army minister Sugiyama knew, many middle echelon officers of the Imperial HQ knew. Hirohito was at the top of the chain of command, there is no way he was not informed. Hirohito followed the war extensively, reading daily reports, questioned his aides. It was under his orders that his army “chastise China”, but did he show any concern for the breakdown of his army's discipline? There is no documented evidence he ordered an investigation, all we are met with as historians is a bizarre period of silence. Hirohito goes from supervising the war with OCD precision, to silence, then back to normal precision. Did Hirohito show anything publicly to show angry, displeasure or remorse, at the time he energetically began spurring his generals and admirals on their great victories and the national project to induce “Chinese self-reflection”.    On November 24th Hirohito gave an after the fact sanction to the decision of General Matsui to attack and occupy Nanking. Hirohito was informed the city was going to be bombarded by aircraft and artillery and he sanctioned that as well. That was basically him removing any restrictions on the army's conduct. On December 14th the day after Nankings fall, he made an imperial message to his chiefs of staff expressing his pleasure at the news of the city's capture and occupation. Hirohito granted General Matsui an imperial rescript for his great military accomplishments in 1938 and gave the order of the golden early to Prince Asaka in 1940. Perhaps Hirohito privately agonized over what happened, but publicly did nothing about the conduct of his armed forces, especially in regards to the treatment of POW's.   Emperor Hirohito was presented with several opportunities to cause cease-fires or peace settlements during the war years. One of the best possible moments to end it all came during the attack on Naking when Chiang Kai-sheks military were in disarray. Chiang Kai-shek had hoped to end the fighting by enticing the other great powers to intervene. At the 9 power treaty conference in Brussel in november of 1937, Britain and the US proposed boycotting Japan. However the conference ended without any sanctions being enacted upon Japan. The Konoe government and Imperial HQ immediately expanded the combat zone. Chiang Kai-shek in desperation accepted a previous offer by Germany to mediate. Oscar Trautmann, the German ambassador to China attempted to negotiate with Japan, but it failed. China was offered harsh terms; to formally recognize Manchukuo, cooperate with it and Japan to fight communism, permit the indefinite stationg of Japanese forces and pay war reparations.    On January 9th of 1938, Imperial HQ formed a policy for handling the China incident which was reported to Hirohito. Konoe asked Hirohito to convene an imperial conference for it, but not to speak out at it  “For we just want to formally decide the matter in your majesty's presence.” Konoe and Hirohito were concerned with anti expansionists within the army general staff and wanted to prevent German interference in Japanese affairs. On January 11th, the policy was showcased and adopted, there would be no peace until Chiang kai-shek's regime was dissolved and a more compliant regime followed. Hirohito presided over the conference in full army dress uniform and gave his approval. He sat there for 27 minutes without uttering a word, appearing to be neutral in the matter, though in fact he was firmly backing a stronger military policy towards China.    The Konoe cabinet inaugurated a second phase to the China incident, greatly escalating the war. By this point in time Japanese had seen combat casualties at 62,007 killed, 160,000 wounded. In 1939 it would be 30,081 killed, 55,970 wounded, then 15,827 killed and 72,653 wounded in 1940. Major cities were under Japanese control ranging from the north east and south. Chiang Kai-shek fled to Chongqing, the war was deadlocked without any prospect of victory in sight.    On July 11 of 1938, the commander of the 19th division fought a border clash with the USSR known to us in the west as the battle of Lake Khasan. It was a costly defeat for Japan and in the diary of Harada Kumao he noted Hirohito scolded Army minister Itagaki “Hereafter not a single soldier is to be moved without my permission.” When it looked like the USSR would not press for a counter attack across the border, Hirohito gave the order for offensives in China to recommence, again an example of him deciding when to lay down the hammer. Konoe resigned in disgrace in 1939 having failed to bring the China war to an end and being outed by his colleagues who sought an alliance with Germany, which he did not agree with. His successor was Hiranuma a man Hirohito considered a outright fascist. Hiranuma only received the job because he promised Hirohito he would not make enemies of Britain or the US by entering in a hasty alliance with Nazi Germany. However his enter prime ministership would be engulfed by the alliance question.   In May of 1939 there was another border clash with the USSR, the battle of Khalkhin Gol. This one was much larger in scale, involving armored warfare, aircraft and though it seems it was not used, the Japanese brought biological warfare weapons as well. The Japanese had nearly 20,000 casualties, it was an unbelievable defeat that shocked everyone. Hirohito refrained from punishing anyone because they technically followed orders based on a document “outline for dealing with disputes along the manchurian soviet border” that Hirohito had sanctioned shortly before the conflict arose.   In July of 1939, the US told Hiranuma's government they intended not to renew the US-Japan treaty of commerce and navigation. Until this point Roosevelt had been very lenient towards Japan, but now it looked to him war would break out in europe and he wanted Japan to know they could expect serious economic sanctions if they escalated things. Hirohito complained to his chief aide de camp Hata Shunroku on August 5th “It could be a great blow to scrap metal and oil”. Then suddenly as Japan was engaging in a truce with the USSR to stop the border conflict, Germany shocked the world and signed a nonaggression pact with them. This completely contravened the 1936 Japan-German anti-comintern pact. Hiranuma resigned in disgrace on august 28th.    Hirohito was livid and scolded many of his top officials and forced the appointment of General Abe to prime minister and demanded of him “to cooperate with the US and Britain and preserve internal order”. Then Germany invaded Poland and began a new European War. Abe's cabinet collapsed from the unbelievable amount of international actions by January 14th 1940. Hirohito appointed Admiral Yonai as prime minister  and General Tojo to vice army minister. As we have seen Hirohito played a active role appointing high level personnel and imposed conditions upon their appointments.    Hirohito dictated what Yonai was to do, who he was to appoint to certain positions so on and so forth. When a large part of the military were calling for an alliance with Germany, Hirohito resisted, arguing Japan should focus on the China war and not ally itself to Germany unless it was to counter the USSR. Three months passed by and Germany began invading western europe. Norway fell, Denmark fell, Luxembourg, Belgium, the netherlands and then France, it was simply stunning. While Japan had been locked in a deadlock against China, Germany was crushing multiple nations with ease, and this had a large effect on asia. Britain, France and the Netherlands could not hope to protect their holdings in asia. But Hirohito kept pressuring Yonai not to begin any talks of an alliance, and the military leaders forced Yonai's cabinet to collapse.    So Hirohito stood by while Hiranuma, Abe and Yonai met each crisis and collapses. He watched as the China war went nowhere and the military was gradually pushing for the Nanshin-ron doctrine to open a southern war up with the west. Not once did he make a public effort on his lonesome to end the war in China. Japan's demands of China were unchanged, relations with the west were getting worse each day. The China war was undeclared, hell it was from the Japanese viewpoint “chastising China”. Japan was no respecting any rules of war in China, atrocities were performed regularly and for that Hirohito shared responsibility. For he alone was free to act in this area, he needed to act, but he did not. He could have intervened and insisted on respecting the rules of war, especially in regards to POW's and the results could have been dramatically different. Hirohito bore direct responsibility for the use of poison gas upon Chinese and Mongolian combatants and non combatants even before the undeclared war of 1937.    Then on July 28th of 1937 Hirohito made his first directive authorizing the use of chemical weapons which was transmitted by the chief of the army general staff prince Kan'in. It stated that in mopping up the Beijing-Tientsin area, “[Y]ou may use tear gas at suitable times.” Then on September 11th of 1937 he transmitted again through Kan'in the authorization to deploy special chemical warfare units in Shanghai. Gas weapons were one weapon the imperial HQ, aka Hirohito held effective control over throughout the China war. Front line units were never free to employ it at their own discretion, it required explicit authorization from the imperial HQ. During the Wuhan offensive of August to October 1938, imperial HQ authorized the use of poison gas 375 separate times. Hirohito authorized on May 15th of 1939 the carrying out of field studies of chemical warfare along the Manchukuo-soviet border.  In 1940 Hirohito sanctioned the first experimental use of bacteriological weapons in China, though there is no documented evidence of this, given the nature of how he micro managed everything it goes without saying he would have treated it the same as the poison gas. He was a man of science, a person who questioned everything and refused to put his seal on orders without first examining them. Imperial HQ directives went to unit 731 and as a rule Hirohito overlooked them. There again is no documents directly linking him to it, but Hirohito should be held responsibility for strategic bombing campaigns performing on cities like Chongqing. Alongside such horror Hirohito sanctioned annihilation campaigns in China. Such military campaigns were on the scale of what occurred at Nanking. Take for example the Hebei offensive which saw the infamous “three alls policy, burn all, kill all, steal all”.    Before Pearl Harbor and the ushering in of the war against the west, look at the scene that had unfolded. China and Japan were not officially at war until December of 1941. Not to say it would have been easy by any means, but look at the countless opportunities the man, emperor, so called god if you will, held in his hands to stop it all or at the very least stop escalating it. Why did he not do so? To protect the Kokutai. Above all else, the role and survival of the emperor's divinity over the people of Japan was always at the forefront of his mind. He did what he thought was always necessary to thwart threats internal and external. He allowed his military to do horrible things, because they did so in his name, and likewise they were a threat to him. I know its abrupt to end it like this, but for those of you who perhaps say to yourself “well he really was powerless to stop it, they would have killed him or something”, who chose suddenly to intervene in 1945 and made the decision to surrender?

What if legal help in India could begin not with fear, but with awareness? Earlier this month, while I was in my office, Susheel Bellara sent me a message on LinkedIn. Four hours later, he was sitting across from me. As we spoke about Haq Se and the quiet revolution he's building, we decided, spontaneously, to hit record. No preparation, no lights or makeup, no agenda. Just two people talking about a platform that could genuinely help both litigants and lawyers. That is how this episode was born: raw, simple, and honest. In this special episode of The Daily Lawyer Podcast, I sit down with Barrister Sushil Bellara, founder of Haq Se : a free, non-profit platform designed to make legal understanding accessible to everyone. Through Haq Se, families and individuals can: Estimate realistic maintenance amounts using a calculator based off Supreme court judgments on maintenance Access mediation support under India's new Mediation Act (Section 5) Connect with trusted NGOs, pro bono lawyers, and counsellors Safely record, and send to a trusted source in real-time, incidents of domestic violence (or other traumatic events) through a “Secret Diary” feature Senior members of the judiciary, including former Supreme Court and High Court judges, have already recognised the potential of Haq Se to bridge awareness gaps across India. Listen in to see how technology, empathy, and law can come together to create meaningful change.

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Interview with Rebecca de Mornay - On the phone with David Serero - The Culture News. Alec Baldwin John Patrick Shanley Benefit for The Lee Strasberg Creative Center Premiere of Five New One Act Plays “Outcasts” Erick Betancourt, Rebecca De Mornay, Ivette Dumeng, Susie Essman, Jeff Garlin, Jamie Hector, Alessandra Mesa, Debra Messing, Sidney Williams Tuesday, November 18, 2025, at 7:00 PM TBN Theater, 111 East 15th Street, New York, NY New York, NY (November 5, 2025) — Alec Baldwin joins playwright John Patrick Shanley (Moonstruck, Doubt) for the world premiere of Outcasts, a benefit reading in support of The Lee Strasberg Creative Center. The one-night-only event will feature five new one-act plays written by Shanley and will take place Tuesday, November 18, 2025, at the TBN Theater. “My acting career literally began in classrooms with Geoffrey Horne and Marcia Haufrecht at the Strasberg Institute on 15th Street,” said Alec Baldwin. “I will always be grateful that I began my career here. Strasberg gave me a technique built upon a foundation of truth. Among the great playwrights working today, John Patrick Shanley's writing, with both the humor and the drama marbled together, demands a focus and agility that I acquired largely through Strasberg. I have long admired Shanley's remarkable work and I am grateful for the opportunity to celebrate that work while benefiting my theatrical alma mater.” “Each of these new pieces gives voice to the overlooked, the unheard, the exiled among us—the true outcasts,” said John Patrick Shanley. “It's a challenging and exciting evening featuring actors who are fearless in their work.” The evening features five new works written by Shanley: The Upside Down Man with Alec Baldwin and Alessandra Mesa; The Bonnet with Jeff Garlin and Susie Essman; The Estimate with Debra Messing and Ivette Dumeng, who also serves as co-director for the evening alongside Lori Kee; Heartbreak with Sidney Williams, Jamie Hector, and Erick Betancourt; and Last Night in the Garden I Saw You with Baldwin and Rebecca De Mornay. Actor Ivan Hernandez (Company, Chicago Med) will serve as master of ceremonies. Accompanied by a three-piece jazz band, Hernandez will open the program, setting the tone for a night of sharp, unpredictable theater. Four of the evening's performers—Alec Baldwin, Rebecca De Mornay, Jamie Hector and Alessandra Mesa—are alumni of The Lee Strasberg Theatre & Film Institute. Outcasts begins at 7:00 p.m. at TBN Theater, 111 East 15th Street, New York, NY. Proceeds from Outcasts will support the Center's work to benefit the future of young artists in the theater. Tickets and donations are available at https://givebutter.com/outcasts. About The Lee Strasberg Creative Center The Lee Strasberg Creative Center was founded by Anna Strasberg in 1977 to share the legacy of the "Father of Method Acting" with future generations. It is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that offers an extensive scholarship program for young actors to train at The Lee Strasberg Theatre & Film Institute, commissions for early-career playwrights, directing fellowships, community outreach programs and cultural collaborations. It also maintains the archive of Lee Strasberg's lectures and teaching and historical resources.

How To Evaluate AI Startups for Investment Hello, this is Hall T. Martin with the Startup Funding Espresso -- your daily shot of startup funding and investing. Artificial intelligence brings a new type of startup to the investor for funding. Here is how to evaluate AI startups for investment. Market opportunity. For new applications that have never been done before, AI offers a greenfield opportunity. Estimate the current size of the target market and the value of selling to each one. This often generates an outsized total available market as one solution could cover the entire market. For existing applications that AI enhances, use the existing sales figures for products sold into the market and add the incremental value of the AI-enabled product. Product opportunity. Review how AI-enablement will enhance the capabilities of the product. Will this be a major or minor productivity improvement? Moat. How much of a moat will AI bring to the product? The more algorithm tuning and training data used, the stronger the moat. Deployment. What will it take to deploy the solution? The broader the go-to-market strategy, the more valuable the product. Consider these elements in evaluating an AI startup for investment. Thank you for joining us for the Startup Funding Espresso where we help startups and investors connect for funding. Let's go startup something today. _______________________________________________________ For more episodes from Investor Connect, please visit the site at: http://investorconnect.org Check out our other podcasts here: https://investorconnect.org/ For Investors check out: https://tencapital.group/investor-landing/ For Startups check out: https://tencapital.group/company-landing/ For eGuides check out: https://tencapital.group/education/ For upcoming Events, check out https://tencapital.group/events/ For Feedback please contact info@tencapital.group Please follow, share, and leave a review. Music courtesy of Bensound.

Heye Daun, CEO of Koryx Copper, discusses the company's recent drilling results, geological modeling, and the broader copper market dynamics. Heye emphasizes the importance of systematic geological work and the integration of historical data to enhance the incoming and updated mineral resource estimate. The conversation also touches on the operational benefits of operating in Namibia, the geopolitical factors affecting the copper market, and recent political changes in Namibia.

Andrew Pollard, President and CEO of Blackrock Silver (TSX.V:BRC – OTCQX:BKRRF), joins me to discuss the first set of diamond core drill assays stepping out in the Eastern Expansion drill program, at their 100% owned Tonopah West project located in West-Central Nevada, United States.  The Eastern Expansion Program was a follow-up to the Company's reverse-circulation scout drill program at Tonopah West completed in February 2025, which showed significant potential to expand the DPB South resource area 1,200 metres in an easterly direction.   EASTERN EXPANSION PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS:   TXC25-166 cut 5.03 metres grading 750 grams per tonne (g/t) silver equivalent (AgEq) (306.8 g/t silver (Ag) & 4.06 g/t gold (Au)) from 165.2 metres, including 1.83 metres grading 1,661 g/t AgEq (724 g/t Ag & 8.58 g/t Au); TXC25-159 drilled 8.75 metres grading 193 g/t AgEq (90.3 g/t Ag & 0.94 g/t Au) from 234.1 metres, including 0.82 metres grading 1,217 g/t AgEq (567.7 g/t Ag & 5.95 g/t Au); TXC25-164 intercepted 5.67 metres of 263 g/t AgEq (3.6 g/t Ag & 2.38 g/t Au) from 180.0 metres, including 1.1 metres grading 955 g/t AgEq (9.2 g/t Ag & 8.67 g/t Au);   There are still 13 more drill assays pending from this area to be released by year end.   We discuss how all this new step-out drilling at the Eastern Expansion area, off DPB South towards the Ohio mine area, will then be combined with the expansion drilling completed earlier in the year at the Northwest (NW) Step Out resource area, and feed into the upcoming expanded resource estimate and updated PEA in Q1 2026. Andrew reiterates that the silver and gold mineralization at Tonopah West remains open to the northwest, east and internally between the main bodies of mineralization, as well as at depth.   As it stands today, before all the expansion drilling gets included, the updated MRE released in September, based on the M&I conversion drilling, contains a total of 0.107 million ounces (“Mozs”) of gold (“Au”) and 9.5Mozs of silver (“Ag”), or 21.1Mozs of silver equivalent (“AgEq”) of indicated mineral resources, and 0.47 Mozs of Au and 35.5Mozs of Ag, or 86.88Mozs of AgEq of inferred mineral resources.   We discussed that this Tonopah West Project really works even at far lower silver and gold prices due to the very high-grade nature of the deposit, and has excellent torque to rising metals prices.  At a 180 grams per tonne (“g/t”) AgEq cutoff, the average block-diluted grade of the indicated mineral resources is 493 g/t AgEq and the average block-diluted grade of the inferred mineral resources is 525.9 g/t AgEq.   Andrew explains how they decided to report their resources much more conservatively than most other companies, using these block-diluted grade resource models.  This actually keeps the proposed head grade at much higher levels than other peer development projects, once the economics and stope optimization process is factored in.   The Company is engaged in many derisking activities from hydrology and geotechnical drilling, to permitting, engineering, metallurgical studies, and this will all be factored into the updated Preliminary Economic Assessment in early 2026.      If you have any follow up questions for Andrew regarding Blackrock Silver, then please email them into me at Shad@kereport.com.   In full disclosure, Shad is shareholder of Blackrock Silver at the time of this recording, and may choose to buy or sell shares at any time.   Click here to visit the Blackrock Silver website to read over the recent news we discussed.   For more market commentary & interview summaries, subscribe to our Substacks:   https://kereport.substack.com/ https://excelsiorprosperity.substack.com/   Investment disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice, an offer, or a solicitation to buy or sell any security. Investing in equities and commodities involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Do your own research and consult a licensed financial advisor before making any investment decisions. Guests and hosts may own shares in companies mentioned.    

Michael Rowley, President & CEO, of Stillwater Critical Minerals (TSX.V: PGE – OTCQB: PGEZF), joins us to review the news out today announcing the completion of the 2025 exploration program, that the Company has engaged Mine Technical Services (“MTS”) to complete an updated NI 43-101-compliant Mineral Resource Estimate (“MRE”) for the Company's 100%-owned Stillwater West critical minerals project in Montana, USA.  Stillwater West hosts nickel, copper, cobalt, chromium, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, gold, and osmium – a unique mix of battery, alloy, and platinum group metals essential to clean energy, defense, and technology supply chains.   Mike explains that this new geological model and understanding of the Stillwater West Project through the lens of the South African Bushveld Complex as a parallel is so crucial to unlocking the value proposition of the Project and for future exploration targeting.  It is also quite constructive have  Dr. Danie Grobler, Vice President of Exploration, Albie Brits, Senior Geologist, provide different layers of input and collaboration with Tim Kuhl and the MTS team on the updated Stillwater resource estimate. Their extensive experience in Platreef-type geology and resource estimation is expected to provide significant value to the Project.   Highlights and upcoming catalysts:   The 2025 drill campaign is now complete, totaling 3,471m in eight holes, with all assays pending. The updated MRE will incorporate 14 drill holes totaling 5,781 meters (“m”) from the 2023 and 2025 programs, plus select historic holes not included in the current estimate. The updated Mineral Resource Estimate is expected in H1 2026 and will mark the next step in advancing Stillwater West as a potential large-scale source of ten minerals listed as critical in the U.S. The update will build on the January 25, 2023, Inferred Mineral Resource and results will support further technical studies and economic assessments. MTS has completed a site visit and is updating deposit models to incorporate new data, improved geologic domaining, geostatistics, and structural controls – leveraging insights from the Platreef district in South Africa. The work is being led by Mr. Timothy Kuhl (MTS) and Dr. Danie Grobler (Stillwater) who together previously worked with the late Dr. Harry Parker on the resource estimation and technical reports for Ivanhoe Mines' Platreef Mine.   We go on to discuss with Mike the challenges and opportunities in defining the large-scale polymetallic and critical mineral resources at Stillwater West; and why it has the attention of large major producers, like their strategic partner Glencore, along with attention from the US and Montana government. We discuss how the nickel, copper, and cobalt tie into the growing industry demands for battery metals, energy metals, and defense metals. Additionally, with platinum, palladium, rhodium, and gold all demonstrating strong recent market performance, Stillwater West offers significant leverage to these precious metals.     If you have any questions for Mike or the team at Stillwater Critical Minerals, then please email them into us at Fleck@kereport.com or Shad@kereport.com.   Click here to follow the latest news from Stillwater Critical Minerals   For more market commentary & interview summaries, subscribe to our Substacks: The KE Report: https://kereport.substack.com/ Shad's resource market commentary: https://excelsiorprosperity.substack.com/ Investment disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice, an offer, or a solicitation to buy or sell any security. Investing in equities and commodities involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Do your own research and consult a licensed financial advisor before making any investment decisions. Guests and hosts may own shares in companies mentioned.

Trevor interviews Gilbert Clark, CEO of Meridian Mining, about the progress and future plans for the Cabasal VMS project in Brazil. They discuss the completion of feasibility study drilling, the impact of commodity prices on project viability, and the exploration potential of the surrounding areas. Gilbert shares insights on the company's focus on near-term production and the importance of project financing as they move forward.

In this KE Report company update, Ross McElroy, President & CEO of Apollo Silver (TSX.V:APGO – OTCQB:APGOF – FRA:6ZF0), joins us for his first interview since taking over in May. Ross brings nearly 40 years of experience, including leading Fission Uranium's $1.14B sale to Paladin Energy. Key Highlights: Updated Resource: 125Moz Ag (M&I) and 57.5Moz Ag (Inferred) at the Calico Silver Project in California - a 14% increase in ounces. Broader Metal Profile: First inclusion of zinc, barite, and gold, enhancing project value. Project Breakdown: Waterloo hosts ~⅔ of total silver (all M&I); Langtry adds 57.5Moz Inferred with upgrade potential. Path Forward: Targeting a PEA in early 2026 followed by a Pre-Feasibility Study in 2027. Jurisdictional Advantage: Located in pro-mining San Bernardino County on 99% private land with vested mining rights. $26M Financing: Expected to close Oct. 22; funds operations and studies for roughly two years. Cinco de Mayo (Mexico): High-grade CRD system (385 g/t AgEq) with plans to reestablish local access and complete 20,000m of drilling under option with Pan American Silver. Click here to visit the Apollo Silver website.   ---------------- For more market commentary & interview summaries, subscribe to our Substacks: The KE Report: https://kereport.substack.com/ Shad's resource market commentary: https://excelsiorprosperity.substack.com/ Investment disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice, an offer, or a solicitation to buy or sell any security. Investing in equities and commodities involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Do your own research and consult a licensed financial advisor before making any investment decisions. Guests and hosts may own shares in companies mentioned.

October 20, 2025; 6pm: Organizers for the nationwide "No Kings" protests estimate that over 7 million people attended over the weekend. Plus, James Comey files motions to dismiss the criminal case against him. Melissa Murray reports and is joined by Molly Jong-Fast, David Litt, Maya Wiley and Rep. Brendan Boyle. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Discover all of the podcasts in our network, search for specific episodes, get the Optimal Living Daily workbook, and learn more at: OLDPodcast.com. Episode 1846: Kalen Bruce breaks down the complex process of estimating startup costs into a practical, strategic approach for new entrepreneurs. By categorizing expenses, leveraging online tools, and maintaining conservative projections, he shows how to build a realistic financial foundation while avoiding unnecessary debt and cultivating resilience in the face of uncertainty. Read along with the original article(s) here: https://moneyminiblog.com/business/estimate-costs-of-starting-a-business/ Quotes to ponder: "Interest rates are a dark cloud that looms over your business and the last thing you should do is ignore it." "Plan changes as the financial winds turn, and that is the name of the game if you want to succeed." "Always aim for a conservative assessment. It will help you secure what is called a financial cushion that covers up to one year of business expenses." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Discover all of the podcasts in our network, search for specific episodes, get the Optimal Living Daily workbook, and learn more at: OLDPodcast.com. Episode 1846: Kalen Bruce breaks down the complex process of estimating startup costs into a practical, strategic approach for new entrepreneurs. By categorizing expenses, leveraging online tools, and maintaining conservative projections, he shows how to build a realistic financial foundation while avoiding unnecessary debt and cultivating resilience in the face of uncertainty. Read along with the original article(s) here: https://moneyminiblog.com/business/estimate-costs-of-starting-a-business/ Quotes to ponder: "Interest rates are a dark cloud that looms over your business and the last thing you should do is ignore it." "Plan changes as the financial winds turn, and that is the name of the game if you want to succeed." "Always aim for a conservative assessment. It will help you secure what is called a financial cushion that covers up to one year of business expenses." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Discover all of the podcasts in our network, search for specific episodes, get the Optimal Living Daily workbook, and learn more at: OLDPodcast.com. Episode 1846: Kalen Bruce breaks down the complex process of estimating startup costs into a practical, strategic approach for new entrepreneurs. By categorizing expenses, leveraging online tools, and maintaining conservative projections, he shows how to build a realistic financial foundation while avoiding unnecessary debt and cultivating resilience in the face of uncertainty. Read along with the original article(s) here: https://moneyminiblog.com/business/estimate-costs-of-starting-a-business/ Quotes to ponder: "Interest rates are a dark cloud that looms over your business and the last thing you should do is ignore it." "Plan changes as the financial winds turn, and that is the name of the game if you want to succeed." "Always aim for a conservative assessment. It will help you secure what is called a financial cushion that covers up to one year of business expenses." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Interview with Blaine Monaghan, President & CEO of Pacific Ridge Exploration Ltd.Our previous interview: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/posts/pacific-ridge-exploration-tsxvpex-fiore-group-backing-fuels-250m-ton-copper-resource-push-7283Recording date: 3rd October 2025Pacific Ridge Exploration Limited (TSXV: PEX) is positioning itself to become British Columbia's leading copper exploration company at what management believes represents a significant valuation discount to peers. Trading at a $14 million market capitalization, the company recently reported its maiden resource estimate for the Kliyul project showing 334 million tons at 0.33% copper equivalent, containing 2.42 billion pounds copper equivalent. This includes 1.2 billion pounds of copper, 2.74 million ounces of gold, and 10 million ounces of silver.The company's trajectory shifted dramatically following a $3 million financing led by the Fiore Group in June 2025, which increased the market cap from $3 million to its current $14 million valuation. President and CEO Blaine Monaghan emphasized that this partnership provides critical validation from one of the strongest mining houses around, backed by billionaire capital and a strong technical team. The financing enabled Pacific Ridge to complete its resource estimate and execute drilling programs at both Kliyul and the RDP project.The Kliyul deposit offers several distinguishing characteristics. The mineralization is hosted in a single contiguous zone that remains open in multiple directions, representing just one target along a 6-kilometer mineralized trend with five additional poorly-tested targets. Monaghan articulated a strategy favoring new discoveries over incremental resource expansion, believing capital is better deployed testing untested targets that could dramatically increase overall project value.The RDP project, located 40 kilometers west of Kliyul, returned a standout intercept of 107 meters grading 1.4% copper equivalent in 2022 when under option to Antofagasta. With the project now back under company control, Pacific Ridge completed five drill holes totaling 2,100 meters in 2025, with copper sulfides intersected in all holes. Results remain pending and represent a significant near-term catalyst that management believes could drive substantial revaluation in the current favorable market environment for copper exploration.View Pacific Ridge Exploration's company profile: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/companies/pacific-ridge-explorationSign up for Crux Investor: https://cruxinvestor.com

This series will lead us toward Commitment Sunday on October 26, when each of us will be invited to participate by submitting our 2026 Estimate of Giving Card as an act of worship. It will be a time for us to say together, with our hearts and our commitments, “Here's what I can give back to the Lord.”

Recorded on September 30th:  Andrew Pollard, President and CEO of Blackrock Silver (TSX.V:BRC – OTCQX:BKRRF), joins me to discuss the updated mineral resource estimate, based on only the M&I conversion drilling for its 100% owned Tonopah West project located in West-Central Nevada, United States.   We then get into all the expansion drilling that has just been completed, with many assays still pending, that will be building towards the upcoming expanded resource estimate in Q1 2026, and then followed by an updated PEA.   HIGHLIGHTS:   The Updated MRE contains a total of 0.107 million ounces ("Mozs") of gold ("Au") and 9.5Mozs of silver ("Ag"), or 21.1Mozs of silver equivalent ("AgEq") of indicated mineral resources, and 0.47 Mozs of Au and 35.5Mozs of Ag, or 86.88Mozs of AgEq of inferred mineral resources. Indicated mineral resources were not previously included in the mineral resource estimate for Tonopah West effective August 25, 2024, highlighting how Blackrock's recent in-fill drilling program (the "M&I Conversion Program") at Tonopah West which commenced in mid-July 2024 has confirmed previous inferred mineral resource estimates and improved geologic confidence in the mineral resource estimate on the Project. At a 180 grams per tonne ("g/t") AgEq cutoff, the average block-diluted grade of the indicated mineral resources is 493 g/t AgEq and the average block-diluted grade of the inferred mineral resources is 525.9 g/t AgEq. The Updated MRE includes 83 new drillholes completed in 2024-2025 and is based on a refined geologic model which was updated to reflect the new drilling and added more detail to the spatial distribution of mineralized veins. Silver and gold mineralization at Tonopah West remains open to the northwest, east and internally between the main bodies of mineralization, and at depth.     We then shifted over to the additional resource expansion exploration program at Tonopah West, where drilling commenced in September 2024, and targeted expansion potential along a one-kilometer northwest trend between the Denver-Paymaster and Bermuda-Merten vein groups (“DPB”) south resource area and the Northwest (NW) Step Out resource area. There will be a second expanded resource update in Q1 next year that incorporates all the expansion drilling towards the NorthWest Step Out, and the Eastern Expansion area off DPB South towards the Ohio mine area.   After that resource has been released, then all of that data, combined with recent hydrology work, permitting work, and other derisking will be factored into an updated PEA next year.   We wrap up discussing the financial health of the company due to the early exercise of warrants, bringing in around $5Million dollars into the company's treasury.  Now that the market has seen the continuity of the mineralization holding together better than many had modeled in the recent M&I resource estimate update, in conjunction with the anticipation of how higher silver and gold prices will positively impact the economics of the project, more warrants are being exercised early to position for the coming catalysts on tap over the next 2 quarters.       If you have any follow up questions for Andrew regarding Blackrock Silver, then please email them into me at Shad@kereport.com.   In full disclosure, Shad is shareholder of Blackrock Silver at the time of this recording, and may choose to buy or sell shares at any time.   Click here to visit the Blackrock Silver website to read over the recent news we discussed.

Send us a textEP 62: The Secrets to a Stress-Free Custom AquariumCreating a stunning home aquarium doesn't have to be intimidating

In the Electrek Podcast, we discuss the most popular news in the world of sustainable transport and energy. In this week's episode, we discuss Tesla's Q3 delivery estimate, the launch of FSD v14, Lucid Gravity ramp-up, and more. Today's episode is brought to you by Climate XChange, a nonpartisan nonprofit working to help states pass effective, equitable climate policies. The nonprofit just kicked off its 10th annual EV raffle, where participants have multiple opportunities to win their dream model. Visit CarbonRaffle.org/Electrek to learn more. The show is live every Friday at 4 p.m. ET on Electrek's YouTube channel. As a reminder, we'll have an accompanying post, like this one, on the site with an embedded link to the live stream. Head to the YouTube channel to get your questions and comments in. After the show ends at around 5 p.m. ET, the video will be archived on YouTube and the audio on all your favorite podcast apps: Apple Podcasts Spotify Overcast Pocket Casts Castro RSS We now have a Patreon if you want to help us avoid more ads and invest more in our content. We have some awesome gifts for our Patreons and more coming. Here are a few of the articles that we will discuss during the podcast: Tesla (TSLA) is having its first and last good quarter in a while Tesla (TSLA) is down 22% in Europe while EVs were up 30% Tesla complains about EPA's new policy its CEO paid more than $200 million for Tesla is finally launching FSD v14 and Elon Musk says it ‘feels sentient' Tesla influencers tried Elon Musk's coast-to-coast self-driving, crashed before 60 miles Lucid (LCID) ramps up Gravity production, massive numbers spotted in drone flyover Tesla co-founder invests in tiny electric truck startup TELO Xiaomi officially sets up shop in the EU with new R&D Design Center The new Mercedes CLA L EV launched in China, starting at only $36,000 with serious range Here's the live stream for today's episode starting at 4:00 p.m. ET (or the video after 5 p.m. ET: https://www.youtube.com/live/KKJDXqLUKZI

In this episode of Money on My Mind, I dive into 17 powerful budgeting rules of thumb that will give you a clear roadmap for managing your money—whether you're just getting started or looking to refine your financial game.   From how much of your income should go toward a mortgage or rent, to the 50/30/20 rule, emergency funds, cars, student loans, and even how to handle windfalls, these are the guidelines that will keep you on track without overcomplicating things. I also share how these rules evolve as you build real wealth and why financial freedom often changes the “game” you're playing.   This is practical, actionable advice that you can apply today to build discipline, avoid common money traps, and set yourself up for long-term success.   Key Talking Points of the Episode   00:00 Introduction 00:53 Rule #1: Mortgage payment ≤ 25% of take-home pay (exceptions up to 30%) 03:01 Rule #2: Home price = 3–5x annual gross income 03:37 Rule #3: Refinance if rates drop ≥ 1% 04:20 Rule #4: Save 1% of home value annually for maintenance 05:10 Rule #5: Rent ≤ 25% of take-home pay 05:44 Rule #6: Pay off debt vs. invest: when each makes sense 06:55 Rule #7: Total debt ≤ 36% of gross income (DTI ratio) 07:22 Rule #8: Student loans ≤ starting salary 08:00 Rule #9: Cars: cash preferred, or follow the 20/4/10 rule 09:17 Rule #10: Lifetime cost of a car = 3x sticker price 11:11 Rule #11: Replace car when repairs > car's value 11:46 Rule #12: Emergency fund = 3–6 months of expenses 12:52 Rule #13: The 50/30/20 rule: needs, wants, and savings/investments 13:35 Rule #14: The 30-day rule for big purchases 14:14 Rule #15: Food budget = 10–15% of gross income 15:10 Rule #16: Windfalls: spend 1–5% on fun, invest the rest toward goals 16:37 Rule #17: Estimate annual income: hourly wage × 2, add 3 zeros 17:32 Why these rules matter more in the beginning stages of wealth building 18:00 How financial freedom changes the rules beyond budgeting basics 21:53 Final thoughts: mastering each stage of wealth and knowing when to level up   Quotables   “If you can stay within these rules of thumb, you're going to do really, really well—even if you're not perfect.”   “A mortgage should be a blessing, not a curse.”   “Discipline is what separates those who win with money from those who struggle.”   Links   The Roadmap to Financial Freedom https://budgetdogacademy.com/order-now   Budgetdog https://budgetdog.com

HOUR 3- Jake's Car Insurance Estimate, The Dank Tank and MORE full 2354 Tue, 16 Sep 2025 15:42:00 +0000 oW06kKg35FO90RzcXnPk8vlJQOAFxf9i society & culture Klein/Ally Show: The Podcast society & culture HOUR 3- Jake's Car Insurance Estimate, The Dank Tank and MORE Klein.Ally.Show on KROQ is more than just a "dynamic, irreverent morning radio show that mixes humor, pop culture, and unpredictable conversation with a heavy dose of realness." (but thanks for that quote anyway). Hosted by Klein, Ally, and a cast of weirdos (both on the team and from their audience), the show is known for its raw, offbeat style, offering a mix of sarcastic banter, candid interviews, and an unfiltered take on everything from culture to the chaos of everyday life. With a loyal, engaged fanbase and an addiction for pushing boundaries, the show delivers the perfect blend of humor and insight, all while keeping things fun, fresh, and sometimes a little bit illegal. 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. Society & Culture False https://player.amperwavepodcast

Arizona Sonoran Copper released its updated mineral resource estimate for the Cactus brownfield copper project in Arizona. Highlander Silver reported assay results from the second series of holes designed to test the expanding Bonita vein system, which include some of the highest gold grades encountered to date. Eloro Resources shared new assay results from 5 holes of its second phase definition diamond drilling program. This episode of Mining Stock Daily is brought to you by... Revival Gold is one of the largest pure gold mine developer operating in the United States. The Company is advancing the Mercur Gold Project in Utah and mine permitting preparations and ongoing exploration at the Beartrack-Arnett Gold Project located in Idaho. Revival Gold is listed on the TSX Venture Exchange under the ticker symbol “RVG” and trades on the OTCQX Market under the ticker symbol “RVLGF”. Learn more about the company at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠revival-dash-gold.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Vizsla Silver is focused on becoming one of the world's largest single-asset silver producers through the exploration and development of the 100% owned Panuco-Copala silver-gold district in Sinaloa, Mexico. The company consolidated this historic district in 2019 and has now completed over 325,000 meters of drilling. The company has the world's largest, undeveloped high-grade silver resource. Learn more at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠https://vizslasilvercorp.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Equinox has recently completed the business combination with Calibre Mining to create an Americas-focused diversified gold producer with a portfolio of mines in five countries, anchored by two high-profile, long-life Canadian gold mines, Greenstone and Valentine. Learn more about the business and its operations at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠equinoxgold.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Integra is a growing precious metals producer in the Great Basin of the Western United States. Integra is focused on demonstrating profitability and operational excellence at its principal operating asset, the Florida Canyon Mine, located in Nevada. In addition, Integra is committed to advancing its flagship development-stage heap leach projects: the past producing DeLamar Project located in southwestern Idaho, and the Nevada North Project located in western Nevada. Learn more about the business and their high industry standards over at integraresources.com

Interview with Claudia Tornquist, CEO & Chris Taylor, Chairman of Kodiak CopperOur previous interview: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/posts/kodiak-copper-tsxvkdk-maiden-resource-reveals-300m-tonnes-at-bc-copper-project-7337Recording date: 9th September 2025Kodiak Copper Corp is positioned for a significant catalyst with its maiden resource estimate due in Q4 2025, marking a crucial inflection point for the copper-gold porphyry explorer. Led by President and CEO Claudia Tornquist with Chairman Chris Taylor, the company has systematically consolidated a mining district in southern British Columbia through six years of disciplined exploration, completing 90,000 meters of drilling across seven mineralized zones.The initial resource phase, released in June 2025, delivered approximately 300 million tons at grades of 0.42% copper equivalent for indicated resources and 0.33% for inferred resources across four zones. The completion of the full maiden resource incorporating the remaining three zones will provide comprehensive visibility into the project's scale potential. Recent drilling has identified particularly attractive high-grade intersections near surface, including 27 meters at 1.62% copper, which could serve as starter pits for future mining operations.Management acknowledges the strategic reality of large-scale porphyry development, with Tornquist noting that "I don't think there's a single porphyry project that was developed by the junior who did the initial exploration. Very likely at some stage a major will take interest." This positions Kodiak as an acquisition target rather than an operator, typical for projects requiring substantial capital investment.The company trades at a significant valuation discount to comparable peers, with management identifying similar companies at $300-400 million market capitalizations representing five to six times Kodiak's current valuation. The dual copper-gold exposure provides additional value, particularly with gold representing 25% of project value and trading well above the $2,600 per ounce used in resource calculations.Beyond the flagship MPD project, Kodiak owns the undeveloped Mohave copper-molybdenum project in Arizona, providing portfolio optionality. With adequate financing from a recent Canaccord round and clear development milestones ahead, Kodiak offers leveraged exposure to the copper supply shortage while maintaining strong M&A potential.Learn more: https://www.cruxinvestor.com/companies/kodiak-copper-corpSign up for Crux Investor: https://cruxinvestor.com

US job growth was far less robust in the year through March than previously reported, adding to mounting pressure on the Federal Reserve to lower interest rates.The number of workers on payrolls will likely be revised down by a record 911,000, or 0.6%, according to the government’s preliminary benchmark revision out Tuesday. The final figures are due early next year.Before the report, the government’s payrolls data indicated employers added nearly 1.8 million total jobs in the year through March on a non-seasonally adjusted basis, or an average of 149,000 per month. The revision showed average monthly job growth was roughly half that. For instant reaction and analysis, Bloomberg's Tom Keene and Scarlet Fu spoke with: Ira Jersey, Bloomberg Intelligence Chief US Interest Rate Strategist Michael McKee, Bloomberg International Economics and Policy Correspondent Stephanie Roth, Wolfe Research chief Economist See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Sermon by Fr. Peter Smith13th Sunday of Ordinary Time

My bike ride conversation with Eric Harris Bernstein, candidate for Minneapolis Board of Estimate & Taxation.Support our sponsor: betterthan94.org/open-letterWatch: https://youtube.com/wedgeliveJoin the conversation: https://bsky.app/profile/wedge.liveSupport the show: https://patreon.com/wedgeliveWedge LIVE theme song by Anthony Kasper x LaFontse

Elaine Ellingham, President and CEO of Omai Gold Mines (TSX.V: OMG) (OTCQB: OMGGF), joins me to unpack the key metrics and takeaways from the updated Resource Estimate of 6.5 million ounce of gold in all categories at the combined Wenot and Gilt Creek Projects at the Company's 100%-owned Omai Gold Project in Guyana, South America.   HIGHLIGHTS:   The Omai Property hosts two orogenic gold deposits: the shear-hosted Wenot Deposit and the adjacent intrusive-hosted Gilt Creek Deposit (Figure 1), with a combined updated MRE (over the February 2024 MRE) of: 2,121,000 ounces of gold (Indicated MRE), a 7% increase, averaging 2.07 g/t Au in 31.9Mt & 4,382,000 ounces of gold (Inferred MRE), a 92% increase, averaging 1.95 g/t Au in 69.6Mt   Wenot Deposit (a constrained pit and underground approach is applied)   970,000 oz of gold in 20.7Mt (Indicated), a 16% increase in ounces over the Feb 2024 MRE 3,717,000 oz of gold in 63.4Mt (Inferred), a 130% increase in ounces 1.46 g/t Au grade of Indicated MRE, a 1.4% decrease* 1.82 g/t Au grade of Inferred MRE, an 8.5% decrease* Increased gold price assumption to $2,500/oz from $1,850/oz allowed cutoff lower to 0.30 g/t Au from 0.35 g/t Au, resulting in lower average grades however increased ounces ~60% above 350m depth from surface  ~30% of Wenot MRE is west of the historical open pit, an area considered to be well suited to initial mining Expansion potential is evident along a minimum 2.5 km length of the host Wenot shear corridor, including within, adjacent to, below, and along strike   Gilt Creek Deposit (an underground mining approach is applied)   1,151,000 ounces of gold (Indicated) averaging 3.22 g/t Au, in 11.1Mt (Feb 2024 MRE) 665,000 ounces of gold (Inferred) averaging 3.35 g/t Au, in 6.2Mt (Feb 2024 MRE) Hosted within a 500m by 300m quartz diorite intrusive "Omai stock" that produced 2.4 million ounces of gold (1993 to 2005) from the upper 250m Located 500m north of the Wenot Deposit and below the past-producing Fennel open pit Characterized by very wide sub-horizontal zones of gold mineralization (Figure 5) Open to depth and holds demonstrated potential for lateral expansion     These updated resources will be incorporated into the upcoming Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA), building upon the prior PEA that was released in 2024, but that was only on 45% of the mineral inventory.  That prior study was only on the open pit Wenot Project, and did not yet incorporate the Gilt Creek underground project economics.  The new PEA slated for year-end or possibly early 2026 will factor in the combined economics of the open-pit at Wenot, and the underground at Gilt Creek.   Elaine highlights that the company is still going to be active in exploration with multiple drill rigs turning for the balance of this year and into next year. They will continue to explore the area at East Wenot, and a number of other nearby targets looking for shallow higher-grade mineralization that could potentially feed into the front-end of the mine development plan. Also, as part of their ongoing 15,000 meter drill program, we reviewed the progress on the very long hole that is currently being drilled through the underground deposit at Gilt Creek over to the area where the geological thesis is that there could also be deep resources well below the known mineralization at Wenot.  We discuss how this is the fun discovery part of exploration, with good scientific models behind it, and that if they do hit that far down at Wenot, it could be a real game changer adding on large potential underground opportunities below Wenot and even further mine life extension.     If you have any questions for Elaine regarding Omai Gold Mines, then please email me at Shad@kereport.com.   Click here to see the latest news from Omai Gold Mines.

Rural Health News is a weekly segment of Rural Health Today, a podcast by Hillsdale Hospital. News sources for this episode: Phillip L. Swagel, Director, “CBO's Estimate of the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Effects of Public Law 119-21,” August 15, 2025, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2025-08/61659-SPAYGO.pdf, Congressional Budget Office. Bill Heniff Jr., “Budget Enforcement Procedures: The Senate Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) Rule,” January 9, 2023, https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/RL31943, Congress.gov. Madeline Ashley, “CBO report warns of nearly $500B in potential Medicare cuts,” August 18, 2025, https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/cbo-report-warns-of-nearly-500b-in-potential-medicare-cuts/, Becker's Hospital Review. Alex Kacik, “Looming uninsured surge may overwhelm ERs. Here's who can help.” August 18, 2025, https://www.modernhealthcare.com/providers/mh-medicaid-cuts-er-overcrowdfng-kaiser-permanente/, Modern Healthcare. Michigan Center for Rural Health, “Michigan Center for Rural Health Releases Rural Health Equity Plan Focused on Advancing Equity in Rural Michigan,” August 18, 2025, https://mcrh.msu.edu/News-and-Events/News/2025/08/RHEP-2025. Rural Health Today is a production of Hillsdale Hospital in Hillsdale, Michigan and a member of the Health Podcast Network. Our host is JJ Hodshire, our producer is Kyrsten Newlon, and our audio engineer is Kenji Ulmer. Special thanks to our special guests for sharing their expertise on the show, and also to the Hillsdale Hospital marketing team. If you want to submit a question for us to answer on the podcast or learn more about Rural Health Today, visit ruralhealthtoday.com.

Get your free Nutrition 101 for Body Composition Guide to learn the fundamentals of energy balance, macros, and meal timing for building muscle and losing fat: witsandweights.com/freeGet Chef's Foundry P600 Ceramic Cookware - 50% off at witsandweights.com/chefsfoundry--Stop letting inaccurate metabolism estimates sabotage your nutrition goals. The fitness industry has convinced us that estimating metabolism requires expensive tests, fancy gadgets, or complex formulas, but there's one method that cuts through the noise using evidence, engineering, and efficiency.Your fitness tracker says you burned 3,200 calories, online calculators recommend 2,400 for maintenance, and your metabolic test shows 1,850 RMR. They're all probably wrong.Discover the one method gives you your actual daily calorie burn with scientific precision so you can run your next fat loss or muscle building phase confidently and with success.Main Takeaways:Your metabolism has 4 components that fluctuate constantlyOnline calculators can be off by 300-600 calories per personFitness trackers have 27-93% error rates for energy expenditureThe only accurate method is to track calorie intake + trend weight over 3-4 weeks to reverse-engineer your actual TDEEThis approach is self-correcting, personalized, adaptive, and works even with imperfect food loggingEpisode Resources:Try MacroFactor for free with code WITSANDWEIGHTS - the app that automates metabolism tracking using the method discussedGet Chef's Foundry P600 Ceramic Cookware - 50% off at witsandweights.com/chefsfoundryRelated Episode:4 Ways to Increase Your Metabolism by 500 to 1000 Calories per DayTimestamps:0:01 - Why most metabolism estimates are completely wrong 6:30 - Online calculators 9:10 - Fitness trackers and wearables 10:43 - RMR testing 12:29 - Measuring inputs/outputs vs. mechanisms/effects 15:10 - How to calculate your real TDEE 23:38 - My favorite app that does this for you 26:08 - Imperfect food logging, water weight, and metabolic issues 30:40 - Why you should start tracking TODAY 31:48 - Becoming the scientist of your own physiologySupport the show

The future of Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) subsidies is a pressing issue for retirees and anyone shopping for health insurance on the ACA marketplace.  With the generous subsidies brought by the American Rescue Plan Act set to expire at the end of 2025, I break down exactly how these subsidies work, what changes are coming in 2026, and what that means for your wallet. We're talking eligibility thresholds, how income is calculated, why premiums might rise, and—most importantly—shares practical strategies for lowering your adjusted gross income to continue qualifying for subsidies as the rules tighten. Whether you're planning to retire before age 65 or just want to make sure you're making the most of affordable health options, this episode is packed with actionable advice to help you navigate the shifting health insurance landscape. Stay tuned to hear how you can prepare before the subsidy cliff arrives. You will want to hear this episode if you are interested in... [00:00] ARPA health subsidy set to expire. [06:48] Special enrollment eligibility criteria. [09:49] Estimate income for subsidy applications. [12:50] Retirement subsidy eligibility insights. [16:38] Managing income for post-2025 health subsidies. [19:50] Retirement planning and tax strategies. What Retirees Need to Know About Expiring Subsidies in 2026 For many Americans considering early retirement, one of the pressing concerns is the high cost of health insurance before Medicare eligibility kicks in at age 65. The Affordable Care Act (ACA), often called Obamacare, has provided critical subsidies—tax credits that reduce monthly health insurance premiums for individuals and families who earn between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty level (FPL). Thanks to these subsidies, many retirees have found coverage that's far more affordable than what existed before the ACA. These subsidies aren't static, however. Their availability, amount, and eligibility thresholds have changed over time, notably with the enhancements set by the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) during the pandemic. But much of that is set to change again at the end of 2025, and retirees need to understand what's at stake and how they can prepare. How ACA Subsidies Work Right Now Currently, the vast majority of people purchasing health insurance through the ACA marketplace receive premium assistance. As of 2024, 91% of the 21 million marketplace participants benefit from some kind of subsidy, according to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid. These subsidies are calculated based on household income and size, and for now, thanks to ARPA, even those earning above the previous 400% FPL cutoff have been able to secure relief. The system works on a sliding scale: the higher your income (relative to the FPL), the lower your subsidy—and vice versa. For instance, a single retiree in most U.S. states falls under the subsidy limit if their Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) is less than $60,640 (400% of the 2024 federal poverty level). For a couple, that threshold is $84,600. The subsidies fill the gap between what the government deems an affordable percentage of your income and the cost of a benchmark “silver” marketplace plan. The Big Change: Subsidy Cliff Returning in 2026 A crucial point highlighted in episode 267 of Carolyn C-B's podcast with Ryan Morrissey: the most generous version of these subsidies, courtesy of the ARPA, will sunset at the end of 2025. We are about to return to a world where if your income exceeds 400% of the FPL by even just $1, you lose all subsidy assistance—an abrupt subsidy cliff. Previously, the ARPA smoothed this out, allowing gradual decreases rather than outright elimination at the cutoff. That made planning far simpler for retirees managing taxable withdrawals from savings or retirement accounts. Starting in 2026, the sudden loss of these subsidies at the income cliff could mean the difference between a manageable $400 monthly premium and a staggering $2,700+ for a similar plan. To add to the challenge, insurers anticipate higher premiums in 2026 as healthier enrollees fall off plans due to pricing and subsidy loss. Planning Strategies for Retirees With the looming subsidy cliff, retirees may need to rethink their approach to generating retirement income. Since eligibility is based on income, not assets, it's possible to have significant savings but low reportable income, qualifying you for subsidies. Key strategies include: Harvest Extra Income Before 2026: Consider accelerating IRA distributions, realizing capital gains, or selling assets in 2025 while subsidies remain generous. Build Up Liquid Assets: By moving assets into cash accounts before retirement, retirees can “live off” cash in years they need to keep income low, preserving subsidy eligibility. Utilize Roth and Home Equity Withdrawals: Roth IRA distributions (if held 5 years and owner is 59½ or older) don't count toward MAGI; home equity lines or reverse mortgages can also provide non-taxable funds. Make Use of Pre-tax Contributions: While still working, increase contributions to 401(k)s, IRAs, and HSAs—these lower MAGI and can be a tool for subsidy planning. Congress may choose to extend or reform these subsidies again, but as of now, retirees should assume the cliff is returning. If you plan to retire—and especially if you'll rely on individual ACA coverage before age 65—be proactive. Monitor federal updates, calculate your projected MAGI, and consult a knowledgeable financial advisor for personalized guidance. Open enrollment begins November 1st each year—make sure to check your state's marketplace for updated premiums and subsidy parameters for 2026. Planning now can safeguard your health and your finances through a rapidly changing insurance landscape. Resources Mentioned Retirement Readiness Review Subscribe to the Retire with Ryan YouTube Channel Download my entire book for FREE  The Affordable Care Act (ACA) American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Access Health CT  Health Insurance Marketplace  Connect With Morrissey Wealth Management  www.MorrisseyWealthManagement.com/contact   Subscribe to Retire With Ryan

Ready to save $10k-$50k in taxes this year? https://taxstrategy365.com/yt-appWant me to answer your questions live? Come to my next Ask Me Anything Q&A: https://taxstrategy365.com/yt-amaMost investors have no idea how to estimate the tax savings from buying a rental property—so in this video, I'm going to walk you through exactly how I do it.There are five key factors that determine how much money you'll save in taxes when you buy real estate. I'll break down how depreciation works, how to estimate your land-to-building ratio before you close, and how tools like cost segregation and bonus depreciation impact your bottom line. I'll also cover the STR loophole, real estate professional status, and how to know whether you can even use the deductions this year.Whether you're investing in a short-term or long-term rental, this will help you confidently model your tax savings before you ever buy.Let's connect!► Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ryanbakkecpa/► LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/learnlikeacpa/► Twitter: https://x.com/RyanBakkeCPA► Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ryanbakkecpa► TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@ryanbakkecpa*None of this is meant to be specific investment advice, it's for entertainment purposes only.how much taxes saved on rental property, real estate tax deductions, depreciation rental property, cost segregation real estate, short term rental tax benefits, bonus depreciation rental property, how to estimate taxes on rental income, tax savings from rental properties, str loophole, real estate tax strategies, real estate professional status, tax benefits real estate investing, how to save taxes real estate, passive losses real estate

Clark Turner reveals the top 10 critical items contractors forget to include in their estimates, resulting in lost profits and awkward change order conversations. He shares practical strategies for building comprehensive estimates that protect your margins and enhance client relationships.• Due diligence line item covers pre-construction work like Gantt charts, selection workbooks, and MEP walks• Design fees for renderings, layouts, or interior designer consultation should always be included• Architectural and engineering costs need separate line items, especially for additions• Port-a-potties, temporary utilities, and job boxes are essential job site preparation items• Include separate line items for each required inspection to improve scheduling• Site protection costs for floor coverings, countertop protection, and dust barriers• Landscaping restoration is commonly forgotten but important for client satisfaction• Final cleaning ensures the project ends on a high note and prevents disputes• Create job templates in your estimating software to include these items by default• Document when clients decline services like cleaning to avoid disputes laterIf you want the full list of these 10 items or to learn more about our coaching services, visit prostruct360.com and schedule a call directly with me through the contact page.Have a question or an idea to improve the podcast? Email us at team@prostruct360.com or text us at +1 (678) 940-5747 Want to learn more about our software or coaching? Visit our website at ProStruct360.com

Send us a textDiaphragm Position on Chest Radiograph to Estimate Lung Volume in Neonates.Dahm SI, Sett A, Gunn EF, Ramanauskas F, Hall R, Stewart D, Koeppenkastrop S, McKenna K, Gardiner RE, Rao P, Tingay DG.JAMA Pediatr. 2025 Jul 21:e252108. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.2108. Online ahead of print.PMID: 40690243 Free PMC article.Support the showAs always, feel free to send us questions, comments, or suggestions to our email: nicupodcast@gmail.com. You can also contact the show through Instagram or Twitter, @nicupodcast. Or contact Ben and Daphna directly via their Twitter profiles: @drnicu and @doctordaphnamd. The papers discussed in today's episode are listed and timestamped on the webpage linked below. Enjoy!

Milwaukee County officials provide updates on flood response efforts and damage estimates.

From Wall Street to Main Street, the latest on the markets and what it means for your money. Updated regularly on weekdays, featuring CNBC expert analysis and sound from top business newsmakers. Anchored by CNBC's Jessica Ettinger.

This month we are focusing on Habit 8: Peaceful Productivity.My goal is to help you build habits peacefully so that you can impact your world powerfully.In the Hello Mornings Daily Podcast, I share a simple tip based on our monthly theme and then I close the podcast with our 3-Minute Morning Routine.THE 3-MINUTE MORNINGGod Time: Pray Psalm 143: 8 (Minute 1)Plan Time: Prayerfully Review Your Calendar  (Minute 2)Move Time: Take 5-10 Deep Breaths (Minute 3)That's it! Adjust as needed and use as your pathway to a growing morning habit!Want to go deeper with our workshops, journals, Bible Studies and accountability ? Join The Hello Mornings Academy, where we help Christian women build habits and reach goals peacefully so they can impact their world powerfully.GOODIES: Click here to download our FREE morning routine goodies.COMMUNITY: Click here to learn more about the Hello Mornings Academy.BOOK: Click here to get the Hello Mornings BookCheering you on,❤️ Kat Lee   

Scott Kirsner, a columnist from our editorial partner MassLive, joins WBUR's Morning Edition to discuss the feud. 

Graham Richardson, CFO of Faraday Copper (TSX:FDY – OTCQX:CPPKF), joins me to provide a comprehensive exploration update recapping the key milestones and discoveries from the 30,000 meter Phase 3 drill program, that is building into an updated Resource Estimate and more advanced update to the Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) due out in September.  Then we dive into the strategy and objectives for the upcoming 40,000 meter Phase 4 drill program, with a continued focus on defining, expanding, and testing new target all around the American Eagle Area at their 100% owned Copper Creek Project in Arizona.    The Copper Creek Project already has a 4.2 billion pound copper resource, and will be expanding as the drill results from the prior Phase 3 program are incorporated into the updated Resource Estimate, where it is anticipated to have a healthy portion in the indicated category.  With regard to the updated PEA, Graham highlights how much geotechnical and metallurgical work will be incorporated, making it a much more advanced PEA, and this is why the work programs after it is released will springboard over the PFS and go right into the Feasibility Study for 2026.   Graham and I discuss a number of the new discoveries made in Phase 3 at the new Banjo Breccia discovery, and recently discovered Winchester breccia, in addition to putting some holes into earlier-stage exploration targets at Old Reliable, the Sunrise Trend (which may indicate the presence of a new porphyry system),  and at Horsecamp. There were some holes in Phase 3 that targeted near-surface supergene copper mineralization with the goal of better understanding the distribution of oxide mineralization. Five holes were drilled near the Globe breccia and two near the Copper Giant breccia.  There will be more follow-up on this near-surface oxide mineralization as part of Phase 4.   In addition to expanding mineralization, testing new breccia targets, and infilling the American Eagle area in the upcoming Phase 4 drilling, there still will be some further definition holes drilled down into the deeper porphyry targets at the American Eagle and Keel deposits to better understand the geological controls and mineralization.   The company is well cashed up to complete all these work programs after announcing the closing of the CAD $49Million financing on July 29, 2025.  Graham also unpacks the strong roster of shareholders including the Lundin Family and Murray Edwards, as well as a number of institutional investment firms.  We wrap up discussing the infrastructure advantages and positives of operating in Arizona as a jurisdiction.     If you have any questions for Graham regarding Faraday Copper, then please email them to me at Shad@kereport.com.   In full disclosure, Shad is a shareholder of Faraday Copper at the time of this recording, and may choose to buy or sell shares at any time.   Click here to view the latest news from Faraday Copper

New CBO estimate says Trump's megabill expected to cost $4.1T

Joe's Premium Subscription: www.standardgrain.comGrain Markets and Other Stuff Links-Apple PodcastsSpotifyTikTokYouTubeFutures and options trading involves risk of loss and is not suitable for everyone.0:00 Subscribe to the Channel!1:01 StoneX Estimates5:22 Corn Selloff7:05 Crop Conditions11:37 Brazil Harvest12:56 Strong Shipments

In the August Roofer of the Month Podcast, we are so excited to celebrate The Third Estimate in Solon, OH! Alex Tolle sits down with Tara Colopy, CEO to discuss roofing, customer care and what it means to raise the bar in home improvement. Hear how they define and deliver superior customer service on every job.    Learn more at RoofersCoffeeShop.com! https://www.rooferscoffeeshop.com/   Are you a contractor looking for resources? Become an R-Club Member today! https://www.rooferscoffeeshop.com/rcs-club-sign-up   Sign up for the Week in Roofing!  https://www.rooferscoffeeshop.com/sign-up   Follow Us!   https://www.facebook.com/rooferscoffeeshop/   https://www.linkedin.com/company/rooferscoffeeshop-com   https://x.com/RoofCoffeeShop   https://www.instagram.com/rooferscoffeeshop/   https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAQTC5U3FL9M-_wcRiEEyvw   https://www.pinterest.com/rcscom/   https://www.tiktok.com/@rooferscoffeeshop   https://www.rooferscoffeeshop.com/rss     #my3rd #RoofersCoffeeShop #MetalCoffeeShop #AskARoofer #CoatingsCoffeeShop #RoofingProfessionals #RoofingContractors #RoofingIndustry 

Elaine Ellingham, President and CEO of Omai Gold Mines (TSX.V: OMG) (OTCQB: OMGGF), joins me for an update on all the exploration and derisking work going on at both the Wenot and Gilt Creek Projects across this mineralized gold trend at the Company's 100%-owned Omai Gold Project in Guyana, South America.   We start off discussing the recent kudos and upgrades that Guyana has received from multiple sources as a mining jurisdiction.  Elaine shares their team's experience operating in country, the positives with regards to permitting and access to skilled labor and the advantages of working on a prior-producing brownfields site.  They have received the continued support of locals and the government to move this mine back into production.   This also ties into the news released on June 23rd, where the Company has awarded a contract to ERM International Group Limited ("ERM") to commence the Environmental Impact Assessment ("EIA") process.   There is already a large resource in place between the 2 Projects, at over 4.3 million ounces of gold, but there has been a lot of expansion and infill drilling completed since the last resource, and that will all be incorporated into the upcoming Resource Estimate due out in just the next few weeks.   We also reminded listeners that the Preliminary Economic Assessment released in 2024, was only on 45% of the mineral inventory on the open pit Wenot Project, and did not yet incorporate the Gilt Creek underground project economics.  The new PEA slated for Q4 will bring in expanded resources from all the drilling a Wenot, and will factor in the combined economics with Gilt Creek.   On June 25th the Company announced some drill intercepts of  2.67 g/t Au over 21.4m, 2.31 g/t Au over 24.6m, and 5.47 g/t Au over 9.7m from the Resource Expansion Program at Wenot.   On July 29th the Company announced some drill intercepts of 17.36 g/t Au over 7.5m, 2.64 g/t Au over 41.8m, and 3.49 g/t Au over 17.4m from the Resource Expansion Program at Wenot.   As part of their ongoing 15,000 meter drill program, we reviewed a very long hole that is currently being drilled through the underground deposit at Gilt Creek over to the area where the geological thesis is that there could also be deep resources well below the known mineralization at Wenot.  We discuss how this is the fun discovery part of exploration, with good scientific models behind it, and that if they do hit that far down at Wenot, it could be a real game changer adding on large potential underground opportunities below Wenot and even further mine life extension.   With the completion of their $25Million bought deal financing back in February, Omai has ample funds in the treasury, to keep executing on all the 2025 exploration and development programs.  There should be a steady stream of newsflow and key catalysts this year and well into next year.     If you have any questions for Elaine regarding Omai Gold Mines, then please email me at Shad@kereport.com.   Click here to see the latest news from Omai Gold Mines.

Boston Mayor Michelle Wu joins WBUR's Morning Edition to share when residents can expect an update on the White Stadium price tag.

How do you know if you can afford a certain school? What will 4 years of undergrad actually cost you? Need advice on how the Net Price Calculator works? Is the Net Price Calculator and MyinTuition different than FAFSA? (Hint: yes it is!) Details are inside today's interview with College Admissions Counselor Mark Stucker! Check out part 1 of this interview about his formula for matching students to colleges in 5 key areas – academic match, social match, emotional match, career match, and financial match. Then in part 2, he dishes on 5 admission tips to make your college search, applications, and acceptances easier. He goes into even more detail on his own podcast Your College Bound Kid. Also, let me find some scholarships for you! Schedule a FREE Scholarship Strategy Session with me to discuss how I can find you between $10,000-30,000 in scholarship opportunities! Plan a time on my calendar here –> https://calendly.com/moneyandmentalpeace     Can't wait to dive in, LET'S GO!!!!! Mark's Podcast: Your College Bound Kid | Admission Tips, Admission Trends & Admission Interviews Net Price Calculator: https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/pay-for-college/get-started  MyinTuition: https://myintuition.org/    Related Episodes: 322 - How to Reduce the Cost of Tuition for Your Daughter by 50% - 3 Steps to Get Started... 320 - How to Find Scholarships for Students with ADHD, Learning Disabilities, ADD, & Mental Health Conditions 282 - Find $10,000 in Scholarships in Under An Hour!   Come join our Facebook Group for more discussions, advice, and memes ☺️ Christian College Girl Community → tinyurl.com/karacommunity  Instagram → @moneyandmentalpeace Email → info@moneyandmentalpeace.com   **Get scholarships and pay for college without student loans!** Are you worried about how to pay for college? Stressed because it's so expensive? Are you having trouble finding scholarships, or all you find don't apply to you? Overwhelmed with all things school and money? Welcome fam! This podcast will help you find and get scholarships, avoid student loans and maybe even graduate college debt-free! Hey! I'm Kara, a Christian entrepreneur, amateur snowboarder, and scholarship BEAST! I figured out how to not only finish college debt-free, but I even had $10k left over in the bank after graduation. (& btw, my parents weren't able to help me financially either!) During school, I was worried about paying for next semester. I couldn't find scholarships that worked specifically for me, and didn't know how to get started while juggling homework and keeping up with ALL.THE.THINGS. But dude, I learned there was a better way! With God's direction, I tested out of classes, and found the perfect scholarships, grants, internships, and weird budget hacks that helped me go from overwhelmed to debt-free with $10k in the bank–all with God on my side. ... and I'm here to walk you through this, too. If you are ready to find scholarships specific to you, learn to manage your money well, and have enough money to kill it at college, this pod is for you! So grab your cold brew and TI-89, and listen in on the most stress-free and debt-free class you've ever attended: this is Money and Mental Peace.   Topics related to this episode: 529, 529 plan, section 529 plan, 529 account, 529 plan accounts, 529 calculator, 529 tax benefits, 529 college fund, 529 qualified expenses, parent plus loan, cosign student loans, parent plus loan interest rate, parent plus loan federal, parent plus loan payments, college fit, college match, your college bound kid, mark stucker, admissions, admissions office, college admissions, college ranking, admissions visitor center, admissions essay format, universities ranking global, admissions testing, admissions welcome center, college decisions, college decision, pay for college, send your kid to college, college admissions counselor, net price calculator, College Board net price calculator, myintuition, my intuition, net price calculator university of michigan

Online property estimators promise to tell you what your house is worth. But which one is actually accurate? And how close are the estimates to reality?In this episode, Ed and Andrew are joined by Vanessa from Realestate.co.nz, who shares the results of comparing over 75,000 online house estimates with actual sale prices.You'll learn:Which property valuation tool is the most accurate in New ZealandWhere in the country online estimates are more reliableWhy you can't always trust the numbers (and when you can)Don't forget to ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠create your free Opes+ account here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.For more from Opes Partners:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Sign up for the weekly Private Property newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TikTok⁠⁠⁠⁠

LISTENER DISCRETION IS ADVISED. More thoughts on OB Learning 12-leads Paralytic choices ALS for AMS Cash RE, Kaimal AJ, Samuels-Kalow ME, Boggs KM, Swanton MF, Camargo CA Jr. Epidemiology of Emergency Medical Services-Attended out-of-Hospital Deliveries and Complications in the United States. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2024;28(7):890-897. Dexter F, Epstein RH, Wachtel RE, Rosenberg H. Estimate of the relative risk of succinylcholine for triggering malignant hyperthermia. Anesth Analg. 2013 Jan;116(1):118-22. Nunnally ME, O'Connor MF, Kordylewski H, Westlake B, Dutton RP. The incidence and risk factors for perioperative cardiac arrest observed in the national anesthesia clinical outcomes registry. Anesth Analg. 2015 Feb;120(2):364-70.

Interproximal Reduction, When, Why, and How | 9 MINUTE SUMMARY In this episode, I dive into the fundamentals of interproximal reduction(IPR) when to use it, why it matters, and how to do it effectively.We'll cover how much IPR can safely be carried out, compare differentclinical protocols and their pros and cons, and take a critical look at howaligner software plans IPR (and where it may fall short).This summary is based on Dr. Flavia Artese's insightful lecture at therecent American Association of Orthodontists Annual Session in Philadelphia,along with insights from my own clinical research and experience. How much IPR is possible? Recommended amount ½ to 1/3 of outer enamel Estimate with periapical radiographs are inaccurate, under-estimateas well as over estimate Meredith 2017 Brine 2001  Quantity of the enamel each interproximal surface Kailasam2021 systematic review, with an excellent table created by Bosio in 2022 highlightingthe enamel present and hypothetical safe reduction, ranging from 0.3-0.7mm,with 5-10% greater enamel on the distal surfaces  Can all teeth have IPR?·     Triangular teeth are idealo  Large interradicular distance, roots canapproximate with no issue·     Square shaped teeth not idealo  Reduced interradicular distance, rootapproximation of 0.8mm = loss of crestal bone Taera 2008  Are we accurate with IPR? Johner 2013 AJODO·     Manual strips Vs rotary disc Vs oscillatingstrips = all underperformed IPR by up to 0.1mm Protocols: Small Vs Large ·     0.1-0.2mm manual strips·     0.3mm+ larger reduction ·     Polishing required – If not = 25 um furrows retainplaque Jack Sheridan1989  Separation posterior region·     Separator – Requires measuring of premolarbefore and after·     Bur – needle buro  Parallel occlusal planeo  Recontour tooth surface to create contact point·     No separator -  requires contact point to be broken, advantageis the measurement of the IPR site is accurate   Bolton's analysis·     Based on excess, rather than tooth removal Proportionality·     Width o  Canine 90% of central incisoro  Lateral 70% of central incisor  IPR planningBolton's discrepancy + Tooth proportionality= whento add or remove tooth structure However·     “Don't do pre-emptive stripping for balancingtooth mass ratios between arches. Chances are it will work out just fine” Jack Sheradin 2007 JCO Method of use for 4 mm of IPR:·     Posterior to anterior – Jack Sheridano  Posterior IPR first, followed by distalisation,e.g. 4-5 first, distalise 4o  Maintain arch length with stops etc, maintainanchorage·     Anterior to posterior – Farooq o  Anchorage preserving o  Tony Weir 2021 the most common site in clinicalpractice was the lower anterior segment  IPR on overlapping teeth·     Not possible to achieve ideal anatomy withmotorised IPR instruments ·     Posterior IPR first, distalise, followed byanterior alignment and IPR – Flavia·     Use of handstrips is possible on overlappingteeth - Farooq Limits of IPR·     4-5mm, although Sheridan described possible 8.9mm,technically challenging·     IPR is not a possibility for sagittaldiscrepancy: Greater Bolton's discrepancies in class 3 and class 2malocclusions, SR 53 studies Machado 2020, greater in class 2 and 3 casesalbeit a small difference of 0.3-0.8%  Retained primary 2nd molars·     Idealise occlusion·     Consider root morphology divergence, as post IPRspace may not closeo  If divergence greater than crown, reconsider asspace closure unlikely  Why do we need to use IPR with aligners? Dahhas 2024·     Alogrythm reduces the number of aligners·     More IPR rather than saggital correction·     IPR staged inappropriately with large IPR whilstcontact point overlap, which is difficult to perform adequate anatomicalreduction

Your agent just sent you a killer real estate deal with enormous upside, but it needs a bit of work. Here's exactly how to estimate renovation costs, so you know you're buying a property with a juicy margin instead of one that will just break even. Whether you're renovating a rental property, planning to refinance after the rehab with the BRRRR method, or flipping a house for some quick cash, we'll give you the formula to run your renovation numbers FAST.  We're back with real estate investor questions from the BiggerPockets Forums. First up: how to estimate rehab costs on a distressed property. And, if the renovation costs are high, is the rehab still worth it? Then, once you've got your rental portfolio, when should you hire property management? Your agent wants you to sign an exclusivity agreement so you only work with them; here's when we will (and definitely won't) do it. Finally, we share a way to access home equity WITHOUT refinancing at a higher rate and killing your cash flow. Got a question? Need answers? Share your real estate investing situation on the BiggerPockets Forums.  In This Episode We Cover How to estimate rehab costs and the price-per-square-foot guidelines to follow Accessing home equity without refinancing (a way better option in 2025) How much money should you make on a flip? Why even $40,000 may be too low When to hire a property manager and signs that one will actually take care of your tenants/property  Whether or not to sign an exclusivity agreement with your real estate agent  And So Much More! Check out more resources from this show on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠BiggerPockets.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.biggerpockets.com/blog/real-estate-1136 Interested in learning more about today's sponsors or becoming a BiggerPockets partner yourself? Email ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠advertise@biggerpockets.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Student loan reform just cleared the House in what's officially called the “One, Big, Beautiful Bill.” If it becomes law, it could overhaul repayment into just two plans: the Old IBR plan and a new Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP) that scales payments between 1% and 10% of income over 30 years. But nothing is final. The next step is the Senate, where the path forward is less certain. We explore what the House bill includes, what changes could mean for current and future borrowers, and the broader implications for repayment, forgiveness, and access to education. Learn about key policy details, potential legal challenges, and what you should watch as the conversation continues in the weeks ahead. Key moments: (05:41) If courts strike down SAVE, it could force a rewrite of the student loan section of the bill (07:55) Changing voter turnout patterns could reshape midterm election outcomes in unexpected ways (11:35) Future students may lose PSLF eligibility for residency programs (14:44) Proposed changes could hit universities hard, leading to major job losses across higher education (17:16)  Estimate your RAP payment to see what's affordable and compare your repayment options Like the show? There are several ways you can help! Follow on Apple Podcasts, Spotify or Amazon Music Leave an honest review on Apple Podcasts  Subscribe to the newsletter Feeling helpless when it comes to your student loans? Try our free student loan calculator Check out our refinancing bonuses we negotiated Book your custom student loan plan Get profession-specific financial planning Do you have a question about student loans? Leave us a voicemail here or email us at help@studentloanplanner.com and we might feature it in an upcoming show!

Spontaneous twin pregnancies occur in about 1 out of every 250 pregnancies. A real world clinical question has to do with dating a spontaneous twin gestation: Do we use the smaller crown rump length or the larger for dating in the 1st trimester? Do we use the smaller or larger measurement of biometry in the 2nd trimester? We had this discussion today in our prenatal clinic, and in true form and fashion, I turned it into an episode! PLUS, there is practice guidance from Jan 2025 (ISUOG) to settle the debate. Listen in for details.