Animal Training Fundamentals with Barbara Heidenreich

Have you been hearing the word “constructional” a lot lately? There is a reason for that! The animal training community is evolving, and it is extremely exciting. It has a lot to do with a different way of looking at behavior change that is known as "the constructional approach". My special guests this episode are Sean Will and Maasa Nishimuta from the Constructional Approach to Animal Welfare and Training, a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing free services to individuals and organizations that cannot afford them, with the goal of enhancing their lives through applications of the Constructional Approach. Sean and Maasa share the five elements that are essential to a constructional program. They also provide insights into the history of the constructional approach and how it differs from some of the programs currently popular in animal training. We also discuss what a constructional program can do to improve animal welfare and why this is such great news for the future of animal training. We also go over numerous resources to continue your exploration of this inspiring topic. The future of animal training looks very bright.....and constructional!

My special guests this episode are Dr Jesus Rosales-Ruiz and Mary Hunter. As hosts of the Art and Science of Animal Training Conference, they bring together behavior scientists and animal trainers to inspire both communities and elevate the conversation. The theme of the most recent conference was negative reinforcement. In this podcast we revisit this topic and so much more. Our discussion of negative reinforcement meant more exploration of Constructional Aggression Treatment (C.A.T). Jesus and Mary shared some great stories from the lab (even one about training a cockroach!) that are important for trainers to hear. Sometimes what occurs in a laboratory experiment looks very different from what trainers do. A great example was our discussion of counter conditioning. We also discuss the importance of function-based interventions and how positive reinforcement can have better effect once you take care of the negative reinforcement contingency already in place. This also tied into the issue surrounding coercive applications of positive reinforcement and how to remove those barriers. Jesus and Mary share some relatable real-life examples to help illustrate these issues trainers face, for example when animals show fear responses to new objects or household items. This episode is full of science and practical application, and I love that it left me thinking “I have so much more to learn!” Visit the episode webpage for a video clip and link to more resources.

Constructional Aggression Treatment, also known as CAT, first debuted in the animal training community in 2007 when Kellie Snider made the procedure the focus of her thesis. Since then it has been fine tuned, practiced, applied and successfully replicated countless of times with a wide variety of species. Kellie and I discuss what inspired her studies and why it is such an important procedure for improving animal welfare. We also get into the mechanics of practical application and some points to consider for those new to the procedure. If you have been on the fence about CAT, we also clear up the confusion by diving into the behavior science behind function based interventions. CAT fans and fans to be, will love this episode. Visit the episode webpage for links to Kellie's book and webinar on CAT.

Do you have a feeling something you are doing or would like to do could improve animal welfare? Have you thought about collecting data, evaluating your results, and publishing it so others can benefit? My guests in this episode are Dr Eddie Fernandez and Rickey Kinley. They share how zoos can participate in scientific studies to improve animal welfare. They give great tips on how to establish crucial relationships, what is required to conduct a study, how studies can be accomplished with one or many animals, and how to get the ball rolling! Behavior, enrichment, and animal welfare are hot topics in our field. Facilities caring for animals large and small have the potential to keep providing data and information that supports progress. Learn how you can get involved. Visit the episode webpage for links to publications and lots of additional resources.

Working with marine mammals is often identified as the dream job for many pursuing a career in animal training. Although I personally went a different direction to learn about training, I have had a number of good friends gain their training chops working with marine mammals. My guests in this episode are colleagues from my early days in the zoological field who became seasoned pros working with a variety of marine mammal species as well as many other animals. Andy Ferris and Maggie Gonio give us insights into the differences of working with species typically seen in managed care, share some fascinating behaviors trained with marine mammals, surprise us with marine mammal ingenuity and most importantly provide advice for those interested in becoming a marine mammal trainer. We cover much more, including tips for getting fish smell off of your hands! Visit the episode web page for additional resources on marine mammal training,

Whether you work with great apes or not you have to listen to this episode! Here is why. This episode is all about making a difference. It is also a great reminder that everyone has the power to make changes that can have a tremendous impact on animal welfare. As you listen to this episode, I encourage you to think about the similarities to training a new behavior. It all starts with what you can do now and how you can build upon that beginning. My special guests Emily Ellison of Cameron Park Zoo and Laura Klutts of Cleveland Metroparks Zoo took the inspiration they experienced from a learning opportunity and helped grow this into an in-depth Great Ape Cardiac Workshop. If you are working with primates, you will be further inspired by the information that is being collected and shared at this event. We covered a lot of details in the podcast, including the dates for the next event. Visit the episode web page for links to the workshop and super inspiring video clips courtesy of Waco City Cable Channel.  

I am often reminded of all the incredible things animals and training brings to the world. My guest this episode is the perfect example. You are going to love this fascinating interview with zoologist and engineer Dr David Lentink. David has merged his passion for nature and technology to study flight. He runs the Bio-Inspired Research and Design (BIRD) Lab at Stanford University. We discussed training various species of birds, training in wind tunnels, examining exquisite details of how birds fly, training a parrot to wear goggles, using technology to facilitate stress free restraint for health care, flying robots and so much more. I could have talked with David for hours! There was so much interesting material to cover. Visit the episode web page for links to articles and video clips mentioned in the interview.

Many animal caregivers seek veterinary advice when their animal is showing undesired behavior. In some cases underlying health issues can be contributing to behavior problems that need to be addressed. However there may be other factors to consider that require the services of a veterinarian who specializes in behavior. Veterinary behaviorists are board certified and specially trained to advance behavioral health in many different ways. My special guest this episode is Dr. Valli Parthasarathy, PhD, DVM, DACVB. She is one of a handful of veterinary behaviorists improving animal welfare by focusing on their behavioral health. Dr Valli shares the many different disciplines involved in veterinary behavior, what types of problems she sees in practice, and some inspiring success stories. Learn what it takes to become a veterinary behaviorist and if this might be the career path for you.

Are you absolutely convinced your dog loves it when you talk to him? My special guest is behavior analyst Dr Erica Feuerbacher. She explores questions like this and more. Her research has looked at whether dogs prefer petting over praise and what consequences function best as reinforcers. In this fun interview we discuss the many things that have been learned from studying dog behavior. We also discuss the questions that remain to be answered. We touch on belief systems that can cloud our thinking and help remind us why behavior science is such an invaluable tool for getting to the heart of why behavior is occurring. This episode is super educational, and Dr Erica makes the science accessible. You will definitely want to check out the episode webpage to read the articles mentioned and watch the Columban Simulation video clips. You will never look at your dog, a pigeon or maybe yourself in the same way again.

No matter what your role is when it comes to animal care, at some point you will likely encounter a situation that will cause you to examine the space in which the animal lives. It may be a behavior problem. It may be the opportunity to redesign an enclosure. It may be changes to your animal collection. It may be that your space is not addressing your needs or goals. Or you may have the opportunity to design something completely new! What would you want to know to be successful? I had the privilege, and I do mean, privilege of speaking with Douglas Richardson, an expert in many aspects of zoo management. In this episode I picked his brain specifically about the impact of behavior on exhibit design. Needless to say, it’s pretty significant. Douglas has some powerful examples that showcase how important one’s knowledge of ethology is to the decision-making process when it comes to creating habitats that provide a variety of desired outcomes. These include providing optimal animal welfare, encouraging species typical behavior, facilitating day to day care, and supporting conservation efforts. With amazing stories about polar bears, Amur and Arabian leopards, hoof stock and more, there is so much to learn for every animal care professional from this episode.

Elephants have captured the hearts of mankind for centuries, including the heart of Gerry Creighton, Operations Manager for Dublin Zoo and Elephant Care Consultant. As a consultant, Gerry has traveled the world bringing innovation, backed by science to create elephant programs that thrive. Gerry looks to the ethology of the species for inspiration and creating opportunities for elephants to learn from elephants. However implementing this requires a different approach to day-to-day care, herd structure and human interactions than may have been traditionally provided in past. The results of this work, numerous studies and the data are revealing tremendous positive impacts on animal welfare. Gerry’s passion for elephants and animal welfare is infectious, and the Dublin Zoo’s elephant program is an excellent example of what is possible. What an inspiring guest!

Discover how veterinary professionals, trainers and animal caregivers are working together to make fear free medicine a reality for avian patients. Every detail from what you can do at home, to how the patient is welcomed into the clinic, as well as what happens in the exam room is taken into consideration. While training in advance is certainly recommended, you will discover training is just one part of the strategy. Exotic animal veterinarian Dr Alicia McLaughlin and parrot behavior consultant Pamela Clark are my special guests. They along with Dr Anneliese Strunk and yours truly, are the co-authors of the recently released Fear Free Avian Medicine Certification Course. If you care for birds, this episode is definitely for you! We cover a lot of material you won't want to miss. Visit the episode webpage for video examples of what is possible.

In this episode I get into one of my favorite subjects. It's not so much about knowing scientific terminology, but it does require some specialized skill sets. I do think every trainer needs to be a little bit of an engineer, a physicist, an artist and most definitely an ethologist. All these skills combine to help trainers see ways in which we can manipulate the environment to make it more likely animals will easily give us behavior that we can reinforce. The environment can include objects with which we need the animal to engage. The environment can also include the space we are going to utilize to train the behavior. This may need to be modified to increase comfort and/or to facilitate creating desired actions. All of this requires a lot of creative thinking and attention to detail. Check out the podcast to learn more and get lots of real-life examples. Visit the episode webpage for photos, links, and video examples. - Barbara Heidenreich

Are you one of those trainers who gobbles up as much information about training as you possibly can? Do you ever question that information, or do you immediately accept it as valid? It can be challenging to know how to evaluate resources, especially if you are new to the field or when the information is presented in a manner that can make it appear to be supported by science. Certified Applied Animal Behaviorists Dr Suzanne Hetts and Dr Dan Estep give listeners insights into what it takes to be a critical thinker when evaluating resources related to animal training. Learn how to differentiate between types of publications. We also dissect how to think critically when evaluating references. You might also be surprised to discover some of the big hurdles that can prevent people from embracing the data. This episode is a great listen for the progressive animal trainer.

Have you ever asked the question………”How can I become a professional animal trainer?” My special guest Gary Wilson is here to help. Not only is Gary a professor at the Exotic Animal Training and Management (EATM) Program at Moorpark College, he is a graduate of the program and has been deeply involved in its growth and development over the years. For those of you already in the field, you are going to enjoy getting to know the history on how the training industry has evolved, especially in southern California. I definitely discovered some stories relevant to my own journey! Hear what it's like to be an EATM student, what animals they get to train, learn about some famous alumni, get the details on a certain viral video featuring a jugular blood draw from a hyena and find out how you might have a chance to join this outstanding program. I also answer a follow up question on showing food when training a recall behavior and whether to use intermittent schedules of reinforcement. Visit the episode webpage for the hyena video and link to a live-stream mentioned in the podcast.

What is your dream behavior to train? I have a feeling for many bird keepers it just might be this one! Imagine having a mixed species aviary in which each flock of birds recalls to a different sound and shifts into their own holding area. This dream is reality for Henrik Futtrup a keeper and trainer at the Copenhagen Zoo. In this podcast he not only shares the steps he took to train the behavior but also important details about antecedent arrangement, species specific considerations and how this behavior really paid off in an emergency. And in truth, this concept can be applied to any mixed species habitats…not just birds. I also answer one of your questions about how to train quick response to the cue when training for recall…. especially when there are lots of distractions.

​​This is an episode you will want to bookmark, reference and listen to several times over. Dr Joe Layng gives insights that might surprise you into how behavior analytic principles influence behavior. Learn how degrees of freedom and critical consequences can cause positive reinforcement to be coercive. Explore the super fascinating non-linear approach to better understand behavior processes. Also discover what is really happening when we use systematic desensitization and counter conditioning in comparison to the more empowering constructional approach. Dr Layng shares how behaviors often described as “innate” were learned and can be influenced. And you will learn why phrases like “least intrusive, most positive” and “hierarchies of behavior change procedures” don’t really apply to the science. This is a fantastic episode for those looking for a deeper dive into the science behind the practical application. I also answer your questions about harness training a coati.

My favorite kind of animal trainers are those who break the rules!! What I mean by that is that they are the ones who question everything in the name of doing it better. That is why this episode is entitled “Progressive Bird Training.” My special guest Hillary Hankey is one of those trainers who spends every day analyzing, studying and practicing the art and science of animal training with a diverse collection of birds in southern California. And her results have demonstrated that indeed we can always improve. She describes the spectacular immersive free flight experience guests, students, clients and interns can have when they visit her facility. We discuss practices that can improve the welfare of birds trained for educational presentations, as well as enhance the guest experience. This means diving into how we create motivation, collection planning, the types of behaviors we train and altering guest’s expectations. We also discuss the current trend of free flying companion parrots and some of the things pet owners need to take into consideration. Visit the episode webpage to see video clips and learn more about her online education program the Avian Behavior Lab and future on site workshops.

Join me for Part 2 of my fascinating interview with animal training pioneer Al Kordowski. Although the basis of our conversation is falconry with Harris’s hawks, Al’s background brings us to some of the early days of marine mammal training. He shares his experiences from working with a wide variety of species, including killer whales, when the animal training industry was rapidly evolving. Learn how cross species experience translates into free flight and how it can level up one’s skills. We also cover topics such as teaching animals to pay attention to specific signals such as cues and markers and how do you know what the animal is attending to? This also ties into discussions about the importance of teaching basic skills. Al also has extensive experience working in the service dog industry in which they developed and used temperament testing to match the right animal for the desired role. We discuss how this applies to the zoological field and falconry. We also discuss the merging of practical application and academia. It was another robust interview! I also answer your questions about dominance and have a special deal to help animal training enthusiasts make the most of the current situation.

My special guest this episode is master falconer Al Kordowski. ​Imagine spending your entire day doing what you love....flying birds! ​Not many trainers are accustomed to having free-flighted birds hang and partner with you for eight hours out in the field. Al shares how these relationships are developed ​by building thoughtful reinforcement histories that allows him to work cooperatively with a group of birds to achieve a common goal. This leads to reinforcement for all parties involved as well as strong connections and excellent inter species communication. You will be captured by Al's enthusiasm and blown away by his stories of what is possible. This is part one of this very eye opening journey into ​that kind of exciting training that draws upon years of experience, book knowledge, practical application skills, and challenges a trainer to keep growing and learning. ​ I also answer your questions about training name tags, sloths and how to get an animal started that seems difficult to engage.

Education animals, animal ambassadors, domestic animals and lab animals are often the ones who get the short end of the stick so to speak, meaning traditionally, participation was often up to the handler and not the animal. Progressive training flips the script. Animals have the choice to participate and when they do, desired consequences happen. As expected, the results are amazing behaviors. However, we are making other discoveries as well. We are seeing the impact it can have on our messaging, on research data, and most importantly on animal welfare. You will get a lot out this podcast that covers a wide variety of species from guinea pigs, rabbits, llamas, snakes, tortoises, chickens, horses, cows, pigs and more. Special guest Annette Pedersen, animal training coordinator from the Copenhagen Zoo shares some great examples and resources you don’t want to miss. I also answer your questions about intermediate and terminal bridges.

What does sex have to do with animal training? Sometimes, everything! Animals with reproductive hormones in overdrive can present challenges with motivation for participation in training sessions. They can also present undesired behaviors such as territorial aggression. Some will direct sexual and/or courtship behaviors towards humans. Barbara has some great examples of ways to get past motivation issues with a wide variety of species as well as address behavior challenges. She also discusses how to use training to facilitate breeding success. Elephants, rhinos, big cats, great apes, parrots, guinea pigs, dogs, horses…..she covers a lot of ground in this one. Let’s talk about sex, baby!

Happy New Year! It's time for resolutions relevant to animal trainers. Barbara has made these for several years running now. This is the  first time she is sharing them in a podcast! Barbara gives you some great ideas to inspire you and launch your 2020 animal training adventures. Visit the episode webpage for links to previous resolution lists and some awesome resources mentioned in the podcast.

​Fluency may seem intuitive ….on the surface. In behavior terms it is currently defined as the fluid combination of accuracy and speed that characterizes competent performance, in other words doing the right thing without hesitation. However doing the right thing in real life application can involve many different measures. In this podcast Barbara Heidenreich discusses what criteria to measure to evaluate whether a behavior is being presented with accuracy. The benefit of measuring is that it highlights what aspects of the behavior have been successfully trained and what particular aspect(s) still need work to achieve fluency. Barbara shares examples relevant to both zoo and companion animal trainers. Visit the episode webpage for video examples from the podcast.

Not all repetitive behavior is stereotypic. Many times it is the result of reinforcement. Determining why an animal is presenting repetitive behavior requires asking our selves a series of questions that can reveal triggers and consequences that maintain the undesired behavior. This can then help us develop a strategy to address the problem. In this podcast Barbara Heidenreich goes over these questions as well as defines stereotypic behavior and some practices to avoid when dealing with a true stereotypy that can make the problem worse! Visit the shows webpage at www.AnimalTrainingFundamentals.com for a video example and a download discussed in the podcast.

Special guest Animal Training Coordinator of the Copenhagen Zoo, Annette Pedersen shares how transitioning from riding horses using traditional training techniques to training for agility with positive reinforcement has made a tremendous difference in animal welfare. Learn about the easy to make apparatus the zoo uses to give horses the opportunity to use different muscles and practice balance. Behaviors have been trained specifically to maintain excellent physical condition. The horse training program has shown how training based in positive reinforcement can result in an exceptionally well-trained horses, eager to participate, well-behaved and willing to stop on a dime! Can horses be successfully trained with positive reinforcement? You bet! Take a listen and learn more about transitioning from traditional methods.

People often think of target training as a basic behavior. But a deeper dive often helps us see this basic behavior has many details to consider that take it from basic to complex very quickly. This podcast will help you fine tune your target training skills. Get ideas on how to get targeting started with an animal showing a fear response. Learn what ​to do when animals interact in a way that is in appropriate such as grabbing or biting the target. Find out if you are making some common target training mistakes. And discover some creative ways to get sharks, rhinos and giraffes to engage with a target. Lots of real-life examples are discussed in this podcast.

Food can be a great reinforcer for training exotic animals. But anything your animal seeks to acquire or engage in, and can be delivered contingently, has the potential to reinforce behavior. Host Barbara Heidenreich has seven examples of different creative non-food reinforcers. And shares lots of real-life applications of how these unique strategies have been used to get results in zoos, companion animals and conservation projects. She wraps it up with some great tips you can try right away to help you start adding non-food reinforcers to your animal Training Toolbox.

​Open mouth can sometimes be tough to train! Often the most difficult challenge is getting the action started. Barbara goes over her favorite ways to start this behavior with wide variety of species. She also covers the methods she finds less successful and why. Also covered is the pesky problem of getting duration. And how the heck should you use a bridging stimulus for this behavior? To top it off, inserting a cue is also not straight forward, depending on how you built the behavior. It can get pretty confusing at times. Barbara brings you clarity. She wraps it up with some great tips you can try right away to help you start adding ​this behavior to your animal Training Toolbox.

Where did all those cool ideas for training tigers to cooperate in medical care come from? I know a lot of my inspiration came from some fantastic training I saw years ago at Copenhagen Zoo. Since then, their training has gone viral with video clips of urination on cue, using sleeves for injection training and tail blood draws. Training coordinator Annette Pedersen shares how it all started and details of the shaping plans to groundbreaking behaviors that are now inspiring trainers around the world ~ Barbara Heidenreich

In this episode special guest Annette Pedersen shares ​a story zoo professionals hope never to experience. What would you do if a guest climbed into an enclosure with a dangerous animal? If your team has not prepared for this type of emergency, two lives are at stake, human and animal. Listen to how the Copenhagen Zoo ​handled the situation when they received the call "This is not a drill. There is a man in the polar bear exhibit."