MCAT Modules - Review

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A concise review of the Khan Academy MCAT Videos. Ok this is really random but I just hit a thousand plays or this, so could you hmu with any critique? Email mcatstudyone@gmail.com (takes 20 seconds!) Created by Hamza Taj

Hamza Taj


    • Aug 15, 2020 LATEST EPISODE
    • infrequent NEW EPISODES
    • 8m AVG DURATION
    • 61 EPISODES


    Latest episodes from MCAT Modules - Review

    8:3. DNA Libraries and Generating cDNA

    Play Episode Listen Later Aug 15, 2020 4:58


    Prot —> mRNA —> cDNA —> dsDNA. (Step 2 via reverse transcriptase and step 3 via DNA Polymerase). Now the dsDNA is injected into a virus which infects bacteria to make lots of the DNA.

    8:2. Polymerase Chain Reaction

    Play Episode Listen Later Aug 15, 2020 6:57


    Denaturation (Heat to high temp), Primer Annealing (Cool slightly), Primer Extension via polymerase (Heat but not as much as step 1).

    8:1. Gel Electrophoresis

    Play Episode Listen Later Aug 15, 2020 6:31


    GE find us the length of a DNA Strand (how many base pairs long).

    7:5. Applying the HP Equation

    Play Episode Listen Later Aug 10, 2020 1:41


    Not really sure why I did a module on this - basically you know they're homo recessive because they have blue eyes (the recessive trait), and you know to use q BECAUSE we're dealing with the recessive trait.

    7:4. The Hardy-Weinberg Equation

    Play Episode Listen Later Aug 10, 2020 2:40


    HP Equation gives P(allele frequencies). P^2 is probability of homo dominant, Q^2 is probability of homo recessive, 2pq is probability of heterozygous allele combo. P = frequency of dom allele, Q = frequency of recessive allele.

    7:3. Worked Example: Punnett Squares

    Play Episode Listen Later Aug 10, 2020 6:05


    Discusses Dihybrid Crosses and the Law of Independent Assortment.

    7:2. Co-dominance and Incomplete Dominance

    Play Episode Listen Later Aug 10, 2020 0:59


    Don't let the title fool you. This is short. Discusses complete, incomplete, and co-dominance.

    7:1. An Introduction to Mendelian Genetics

    Play Episode Listen Later Aug 10, 2020 6:47


    Discuss genes, alleles, geno/phenotypes, and punnet squares. The Khan Academy video discusses the history (Gregor Mendel) but let's be real, who cares.

    6:5. The Effects of Mutations

    Play Episode Listen Later Aug 10, 2020 2:14


    Mutations can be good, bad, or both.

    6:4. Mutagens and Carcinogens

    Play Episode Listen Later Aug 10, 2020 8:19


    Define mutagens and then discuss endogenous and exogenous mutagens. (Endo: ROS); (Exo: intercalators, base analogues, carcinogens)

    6:3. The Causes of Genetic Mutations

    Play Episode Listen Later Aug 4, 2020 10:46


    Small scale mutations (point: TTM; frame-shift: ID) and Large-scale mutations (translocation, inversion).

    6:2. The Different Types of Mutations

    Play Episode Listen Later Aug 4, 2020 8:16


    Point, Frame Shift, and Nonsense vs. Missense. Further divided Missense to Silent, Conservative, and Non-Conservative.

    6:1. Introduction to Genetic Mutations

    Play Episode Listen Later Aug 3, 2020 4:58


    Clarifies that mutations arise at the DNA level, and from where mutations originate.

    5:7. Tumor Suppressors

    Play Episode Listen Later Aug 3, 2020 9:25


    Discusses categories of tumor suppressors and then 2 examples: pRb and p53, both proteins.

    5:6. Oncogenes

    Play Episode Listen Later Aug 3, 2020 21:40


    Discusses the 3 mechanisms through which oncogenes are formed from proto-oncogenes, and types of oncogenes with examples.

    5:5. Non-Coding RNA

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 26, 2020 13:24


    I discuss ncRNAs (RNA that's ready to perform tasks w/o becoming protein) and then move onto rRNA, tRNA, miRNA, snRNA, and snoRNA. Have fun with all these acronyms lol

    5:4. Post-Transcriptional Regulation

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 20, 2020 8:58


    Not really an important module but skip to 6:18 for new stuff (RNA Editing via the ADAR and CDAR Enzymes)

    5:3. Regulation of Transcription

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 19, 2020 17:27


    Discusses GTFs, then discusses activators/repressors and enhancers/silencers. Finally distinguishes between regulation of transcriptional euk and prok organisms.

    5:2. DNA and Chromatin Regulation

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 18, 2020 17:38


    Discusses HAT and HDAC enzymes to uncoil/coil DNA (uncoil = activate for transcription) then transitioned into DNA methylation as it relates to CpG Islands and MBB's.

    5:1. The Lac Operon - Part 2

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 30, 2020 13:24


    More terminology of the Lac Operon mechanism, refined ideas from the first part.

    4:16. DNA Structure and Function (Random Info)

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 30, 2020 8:15


    End of chapter random info (as I've done before). Although pay attention to end where I discuss donor:acceptor ratios of nucleobases.

    4:15. The Jacob Monod Lac Operon

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 29, 2020 14:40


    Discusses why gene expression regulation occurs @ transcription level. Discusses the Jacob Monod Lac Operon's structure (ZYA) and function (lactose metabolism) and how the repressor (@operator site) controls this process.

    4:14. Protein Modification

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 27, 2020 30:51


    LISTEN @ 2x speed (on Apple podcasts). Discusses co- and post-translational modifications (GLUMPP) which occur for those proteins that aren't fully ready to work even after translation finishes.

    4:13. Semi-Conservative Replication

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 26, 2020 2:42


    Discusses the conservative (Incorrect), dispersive(Incorrect), and Semi-Conservative (Correct) theories of replication.

    4:12. DNA Repair 2 (response to Dimers) + Summary of BOTH DNA Repairs

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 26, 2020 18:28


    Discuss endo- and exogenous factors that damage DNA, the process of Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), and what happens when NER fails.

    4:11. DNA Repair 1 (response to Mutations)

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 24, 2020 19:21


    (This is where the modules get longer/content heavy). Discusses exo- and endonucleases as well as the Mismatch Repair Mechanism as a physiological fail safe.

    4:10. Differences in translation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 22, 2020 9:59


    Strand structure, protection factors (proks have none), and starting A2 (proks = fmet // euks = met)

    4:9. Translation

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 21, 2020 7:50


    Discusses the process using the APE Sites.

    4:8. Speed and Precision of DNA Replication

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 21, 2020 0:44


    USELESS MODULE // I didn't think I'd actually get it to 45 seconds LOL

    4:7. Transcription and mRNA Processing

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 21, 2020 15:02


    I know we talked about this in 4:1 but this has more detail. Distinguishes between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription and reviews eukaryotic transcription in detail (with processing).

    4:6. The DNA Replication Process

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 20, 2020 4:54


    (Yes it has a different name). The 8-step process.

    4:5. Telomeres and Single Copy DNA vs. Repetitive DNA

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 19, 2020 11:35


    Introduce telomeres as “protective caps” to ensure protection and quality replication of DNA sequences. Also discuss single copy DNA (important for genetic info) vs repetitive DNA (telomeres are an example of this).

    4:4. Antiparallel Structure of DNA Strands

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 19, 2020 3:39


    The strands (each of the 2 sugar phosphate backbones) run in opposite directions. That is all.

    4:3. Molecular Structure of DNA

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 19, 2020 4:01


    Really just a recap of the previous module + the types of bonding that forms the Double Helix

    4:2. DNA (Overview)

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 19, 2020 4:47


    Discuss DNA's basic structure as well as the nitrogenous base pairs.

    4:1. Eukaryotic gene transcription (DNA —> RNA)

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 16, 2020 18:28


    (Content heavy!) Transcription, Structural Differences of Nucleic Acids, mRNA Processing, and RNA Interference

    3:7. The Lineweaver-Burke Plot

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 15, 2020 1:31


    Search up the Lineweaver-Burke Plot on your own.

    3:6. Covalent Modifications to Enzynes

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 15, 2020 11:33


    Covalent Modifications are changes made to a protein to accomplish a variety of tasks (activate, deactivate, etc). I discuss Small Post-translational Modifications, Zymogens, and Suicide Inhibitors.

    3:5. Non-enzymatic Protein Function

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 15, 2020 11:19


    MARTI (Motor, Antibodies, Receptors, Transport, and Ion Channel) Proteins. Don't forget LITHOL for types of enzymes.

    3:4. Allosteric Regulation and Feedback Loops

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 14, 2020 15:22


    Discuss allostery, feedback loops, and the phosphofructokinase enzyme and it how it is involved in a feedback loop. (Pretty long module)

    3:3. Cooperativity (or Cooperative Binding)

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 11, 2020 8:04


    Details positive, negative, and noncooperation binding.

    3:2. Steady States and the Michaelis-Mentin Equation

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 11, 2020 12:04


    Discusses the steady state assumption and its equation, the MM Equation, and the catalytic efficiency equation. Also notes Kcat and Km and their interpretations.

    3:1. An Introduction to Enzymes Kinetics

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 11, 2020 10:27


    I discuss the 3 assumptions that allow for the (many) conclusions we will reach later in this season.

    2:7. Enzymes and their Local Environment

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 11, 2020 5:05


    The effects of the pH and Temperature factors on catalysis.

    2:6. Cofactors, Coenzymes, and Vitamins

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 11, 2020 5:55


    What they are and some examples. Discuss his minerals as well.

    2:5. Six Types of Enzymes

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 11, 2020 11:52


    LITHOL // Transferase, ligase, oxidoreductase, isomerase, hydroplane, lyase

    2:4. Induced Fit Model of Enzyme Catalysis

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 9, 2020 7:59


    Details active and allosteric site binding and distinguishes between reaction and regulation.

    2:3. Enzymes and Activation Energy

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 9, 2020 4:59


    Details how catalysts affect a reaction.

    2:2. Intro to Enzymes and Catalysts

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 8, 2020 4:52


    It's in the title.

    2:1. Enzyme Structure and Function

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 8, 2020 1:47


    Discusses catalytic conditions and collision theory.

    1:10. The Structure and Function of Globular Proteins

    Play Episode Listen Later Jun 8, 2020 8:13


    Notes on the final module from this chapter (Amino Acids and Proteins).

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