Large biological molecule that acts as a catalyst
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2 episodes with enzymatic
3 episodes with enzymatic
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2 episodes with enzymatic
In this encore episode, we discuss the role of histamine within the gastrointestinal tract, detailing its regulation of gastric acid secretion and impact on intestinal motility. We examine how histamine-producing enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, mast cells, and gut microbiota contribute to histaminergic signaling, and how enzymatic degradation via diamine oxidase (DAO) maintains homeostasis. Additionally, we discuss histamine intolerance, highlighting the impacts of dysbiosis (as well as SIBO or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth) and intestinal barrier dysfunction on DAO insufficiency and histamine accumulation.Topics: 1. Introduction to Histamine & the Gastrointestinal Tract- Role in digestion and motility- Impact of intestinal conditions such as SIBO 2. Histamine as a Biogenic Amine- Definition and classification- L-histidine and histidine decarboxylase (HDC)- Presence in various tissues, including the GI tract 3. Sources of Histamine in the Gut- Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the stomach- Mast cells in the lamina propria- Histamine-producing gut bacteria 4. Histamine's Role in Digestion & Gastric Acid Secretion- Interaction with parietal cells in the stomach- Activation of proton pumps via H₂ receptor binding- Maintenance of acidic pH for digestion- Importance of proper pH within the stomach for protecting against pathogenic microbes- Impact on downstream gut microbiota balance (e.g., SIBO) 5. Histamine & Intestinal Motility- Modulation of gut motility via H₁ and H₃ receptors- H₁ receptor activation leading to contractions (diarrhea, cramping)- H₃ receptor-mediated inhibition of neurotransmitter release (bloating, slow motility) 6. Histamine Intolerance: Definition & Mechanisms- Diamine Oxidase and histamine breakdown- DAO secretion by enterocytes (intestinal epithelial cells)- Enzymatic breakdown of histamine before absorption 7. Factors That Can Affect DAO Activity- Genetic Polymorphisms: AOC1 gene, reduced DAO expression- Cofactor Deficiencies: Copper, vitamin B6, and vitamin C as essential DAO cofactors- Importance of intestinal lining integrity for DAO production- Conditions leading to or associated with enterocyte damage- Intestinal dysbiosis and histamine accumulation- Intestinal dysbiosis & epithelial/enterocyte damage- Suppression of DAO production due to epithelial dysfunction- Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) & Histamine 8. Symptoms of Histamine Intolerance- Gastrointestinal symptoms (bloating, gas, constipation, diarrhea, acid reflux...)- Systemic symptoms (dizziness, flushing, migraines...) 9. Identifying Potential Root Causes- Tools and supplements- Bioindividual approachThanks for tuning in!Get Chloe's Book Today! "75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks" Follow Chloe on Instagram @synthesisofwellnessFollow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porterVisit synthesisofwellness.com to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more!
Cultivation Elevated - Indoor Farming, Cannabis Growers & Cultivators - Pipp Horticulture
In this episode, we go through the role of histamine within the gastrointestinal tract, exploring its regulation of gastric acid secretion and impact on intestinal motility. We examine how histamine-producing enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, mast cells, and gut microbiota contribute to histaminergic signaling, and how enzymatic degradation via diamine oxidase (DAO) maintains homeostasis. Additionally, we discuss histamine intolerance, highlighting the impacts of dysbiosis (as well as SIBO or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth) and intestinal barrier dysfunction on DAO insufficiency and histamine accumulation. Topics: 1. Introduction to Histamine & the Gastrointestinal Tract Role in digestion and motility Impact of intestinal conditions such as SIBO 2. Histamine as a Biogenic Amine Definition and classification L-histidine and histidine decarboxylase (HDC) Presence in various tissues, including the GI tract 3. Sources of Histamine in the Gut Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the stomach Mast cells in the lamina propria Histamine-producing gut bacteria 4. Histamine's Role in Digestion & Gastric Acid Secretion Interaction with parietal cells in the stomach Activation of proton pumps via H₂ receptor binding Maintenance of acidic pH for digestion Importance of proper pH within the stomach for protecting against pathogenic microbes Impact on downstream gut microbiota balance (e.g., SIBO) 5. Histamine & Intestinal Motility Modulation of gut motility via H₁ and H₃ receptors H₁ receptor activation leading to contractions (diarrhea, cramping) H₃ receptor-mediated inhibition of neurotransmitter release (bloating, slow motility) 6. Histamine Intolerance: Definition & Mechanisms Diamine Oxidase and histamine breakdown DAO secretion by enterocytes (intestinal epithelial cells) Enzymatic breakdown of histamine before absorption 7. Factors That Can Affect DAO Activity Genetic Polymorphisms: AOC1 gene, reduced DAO expression Cofactor Deficiencies: Copper, vitamin B6, and vitamin C as essential DAO cofactors Importance of intestinal lining integrity for DAO production Conditions leading to or associated with enterocyte damage Intestinal dysbiosis and histamine accumulation Intestinal dysbiosis & epithelial/enterocyte damage Suppression of DAO production due to epithelial dysfunction Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) & Histamine 8. Symptoms of Histamine Intolerance Gastrointestinal symptoms (bloating, gas, constipation, diarrhea, acid reflux...) Systemic symptoms (dizziness, flushing, migraines...) 9. Identifying Potential Root Causes Tools and supplements Bioindividual approach Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks" Follow Chloe on Instagram @synthesisofwellness Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit synthesisofwellness.com to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more!
References Guerra, DJ. December 2024.Biochemistry Notes Simon, P. 1965. "I Am a Rock" https://open.spotify.com/track/0byOqNZN9ailhoORv5Ps0Z?si=06bbef80ecd3422c Hendrix, J. 1967. "The Wind Cries Mary". https://open.spotify.com/track/5H6Jp0syB5yEPk7SWYdlmk?si=8e1c5a8937eb4f61 Hunter-Garcia. 1970. "Broke Down Palace" https://open.spotify.com/track/362CS15hE1upuTKoWApzLn?si=58805cf8707849cf Biber, 1676. Mystery Sonatas. Rosencrantz Sonata. https://open.spotify.com/album/5SWHQSd9xUlzt62OyxM0zs?si=ils6kNQBQveKNlppbQD15Q --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support
Dr. Cécile Chenot, Post-doctoral Scholar at Oregon State University, returns to the lab to discuss the presence of thiols in malt and the work she's done looking into getting those thiols into beer. The Brü Lab is brought to you by Imperial Yeast who provide brewers with the most viable and fresh yeast on the market. Learn more about what Imperial Yeast has to offer at ImperialYeast.com today. | READ MORE | Evidence of Enzymatic and Chemical Interconversions of Barley Malt 3-Sulfanylhexanol Conjugates during Mashing Unusual Profile of Thiol Precursors in Special Malts: First Evidence of Chemical Glutathione-/γGluCys- and CysGly-/Cys- Conversions
In this episode, we'll explore the thyroid gland, its hormones, and the mechanisms behind thyroid function. We'll also discuss the essential thyroid blood tests and how aging impacts thyroid health. Additionally, we'll introduce Thyreogen, a peptide bioregulator, and its potential role in restoring thyroid balance. Topics: 1. Introduction to Thyroid - Anatomy of the Thyroid - Location and structure of the thyroid gland - Thyroid lobes and follicles - Role of colloid in thyroid hormone synthesis - Thyroid Hormone Production - Thyroglobulin synthesis - Iodine's importance in thyroid function - Enzymatic iodination of thyroglobulin - Thyroid Hormone Release - Role of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - Hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis control 2. Thyroid Hormones: T3 and T4 - Thyroxine (T4) - Composition and iodine atoms - Storage in thyroid follicles - Triiodothyronine (T3) - Free T3 vs. bound T3 - Role in cellular metabolism - Reverse T3 (rT3) - Formation and its biological inactivity - Relationship to stress and illness 3. Thyroid Blood Tests - Essential thyroid panel - Additional tests for a comprehensive evaluation 4. Aging and Thyroid Function - Impact of aging on thyroid hormones - Decreased T4 to T3 conversion - Elevated rT3 levels - Increased TSH levels... why? 5. Peptide Bioregulator: Thyreogen - Introduction to Thyreogen - Mechanism of action - Application and forms of Thyreogen - Duration of effects: Cytomax vs. Cytogen 6. Conclusion and Future Topics - Overview of how thyroid hormones affect the body - The influence of various conditions on thyroid hormones - Thyroid hormones and their impact on overall health Thanks for tuning in! Book An Intro Coaching Call with Chloe Porter Get Chloe's Book Today! "75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks" If you liked this episode, please leave a rating and review or share it to your stories over on Instagram. If you tag @synthesisofwellness, Chloe would love to personally thank you for listening! Follow Chloe on Instagram @synthesisofwellness Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit synthesisofwellness.com to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! Or visit linktr.ee/synthesisofwellness to see all of Chloe's links, schedule a BioPhotonic Scanner consult with Chloe, or support the show! Thanks again for tuning in! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support
All nutrients have multiple roles, but a lot of micronutrients have enzymatic roles...and that's the case with both copper and manganese. Lyle Cowell joins the show to explain the roles these two micronutrients play inside the plant. To discover the latest crop nutrition research visit nutrien-eKonomics.com
Maclyn McCarty, Oswald Avery and the enzymatic evidence for DNA as the transforming substance by Consortium for History of Science, Technology and Medicine
Welcome to another issue of URSA, Europe's audio magazine! In this first section you'll hear the latest news and climate headlines out of Europe, including updates on Serbia's weapons amnesty, the approaching deadline for Italians to claim reparations from World War II, and the police raids on the Letzte Generation in Berlin. In the second section, you'll hear two fantastic original pieces: The first is from the Rewild Podcast - a series by James Shooter in collaboration with Rewilding Europe - about Europe's natural landscapes and the work being done to protect them. The second comes from Rhymes with Schmaren, a podcast by Jarral Boyd. In this preview feature, Jarral is joined in conversation by Tan Brown to discuss the issues of white beauty standards, code switching, and the weaponization of white women's tears. The food section brings another adventure with foodie Will Maidment! This time, we're talking about what's on offer at Berlin's iconic Thai Park, as well as its uncertain future. And the Arts & Culture section explores Berlin's Karneval der Kulturen, followed by a packed June event roundup with LOLA Magazine's Alice O'Brien. For our Artist Spotlight, Julia speaks with Cherilyn MacNeil and Jean-Louise Parker of Crow Baby. Our theme music is from Lucas Carey, with audio from Epidemic Sound. Cover art by Sian Amber Fletcher. This episode is brought to you by Bear Radio. If you're a producer based in Europe and have an idea for an URSA story, we'd love to hear from you! We're always accepting new pitches.Support for this podcast comes from our Patreon - if you like URSA and all the incredible stories that come with it - then please consider supporting us at patreon.com/ursapodcast. The price you'd spend on a coffee would go to supporting us and our contributors each month.
Cade and Jordan are back in the lab to discuss the information covered in episode 108 on the way enzymes impact the release of bound thiols in hops. The Brü Lab is brought to you by Imperial Yeast who provide brewers with the most viable and fresh yeast on the market. Learn more about what Imperial Yeast has to offer at ImperialYeast.com today.
Joining Cade in the lab this week are Dr. Cécile Chenot and Guillaume Willemart from Universite Catholique in Louvan, Beligum to discuss their fascinating work on the role enzymes play in bound thiol release. The Brü Lab is brought to you by Imperial Yeast who provide brewers with the most viable and fresh yeast on the market. Learn more about what Imperial Yeast has to offer at ImperialYeast.com today. | Read More | Ability of Exogenous or Wort Endogenous Enzymes to Release Free Thiols from Hop Cysteinylated and Glutathionylated S-Conjugates
Is plastic recycling at a turning point? Meet Emmanuel Ladent, CEO of Carbios, a Clermont-Ferrand, France-based company that has developed an enzymatic plastic recycling technology that promises to make plastic a circular material with 95% yields, comparable to aluminum. The Carbios technology recycles polyethylene terephthalate, or clear and colored PET, better known as Plastic #1, which is the basis for making billions of single-use bottles and thermoform containers for produce, as well as the polyester used in clothing. Carbios' process requires no sorting of PET and polyester, relying on much lower temperatures than mechanical recycling, so it requires less energy water. Emmanuel explains that the Carbios process produces two monomers, the chemical basis for making new PET, which can be recycling many times contrast to the two or three cycles today's PET recycling can deliver.Plastic recycling has stumbled and greenwashed its way through a slow evolution and created a lot of distrust among consumers and governments. Chemical, molecular, and enzymatic plastic recycling have all appeared in the last several years with promises that plastic can be turned from a linear waste-creating system that fills landfills with pollution to a circular economy that keeps all, or virtually all of the plastic we use in circulation without the need for virgin plastic made from oil. If we can recycle PET efficiently, and create the infrastructure and consumer habits that support recycling PET at global scales, it would be a huge step forward to a circular economy. You can learn more about Carbios at https://www.carbios.com/
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.11.528101v1?rss=1 Authors: Nishimura, T., Lazzeri, G., Mizushima, N., Covino, R., Tooze, S. Abstract: Autophagosome biogenesis requires a localized perturbation of lipid membrane dynamics and a unique protein-lipid conjugate. Autophagy-related (ATG) proteins catalyze this biogenesis on cellular membranes, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Focusing on the final step of the protein-lipid conjugation reaction, ATG8/LC3 lipidation, we show how membrane association of the conjugation machinery is organized and fine-tuned at the atomistic level. Amphipathic -helices in ATG3 proteins (AHATG3) are found to have low hydrophobicity and to be less bulky. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that AHATG3 regulates the dynamics and accessibility of the thioester bond of the ATG3~LC3 conjugate to lipids, allowing covalent lipidation of LC3. Live cell imaging shows that the transient membrane association of ATG3 with autophagic membranes is governed by the less bulky-hydrophobic feature of AHATG3. Collectively, the unique properties of AHATG3 facilitate protein-lipid bilayer association leading to the remodeling of the lipid bilayer required for the formation of autophagosomes. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.10.511577v1?rss=1 Authors: Pierre, C., Callebert, J., Launay, J.-M., Retaux, S. Abstract: Monoamine oxidases (MAO; MAO-A and MAO-B in mammals) are enzymes catalyzing the degradation of biogenic amines, including monoamine neurotransmitters. In humans, coding mutations in MAOs are extremely rare and deleterious. Here, we assessed the structural and biochemical consequences of a point mutation (P106L) in the single mao gene of the blind cavefish Astyanax mexicanus. This mutation decreased mao enzymatic activity by ~3-fold, probably as a result of decreased flexibility in one of the three loops forming the entrance of the active site, thus reducing the access of substrates. HPLC measurements in brains of mutant and non-mutant larvae and adults of the cave and surface morphs of the species showed major disturbances in serotonin, dopamine and noradrenalin (and metabolites) contents in mutants, demonstrating that the P106L mao mutation is fully responsible for monoaminergic disequilibrium in the P106L mao mutant cavefish brain. The outcomes of the mutation were different in the posterior brain (containing the raphe nucleus) and the anterior brain (containing fish-specific hypothalamic serotonergic clusters), revealing contrasting properties in neurotransmitter homeostasis in these different neuronal groups. We also discovered that the effects of the mutation were partially compensated by a decrease in activity of the tph, the serotonin biosynthesis rate-limiting enzyme. Finally, the neurochemical outcomes of the mao P106L mutation differed in many respects from a treatment with deprenyl, an irreversible MAO inhibitor, showing that genetic and pharmacological interference with MAO function are not the same. Our results shade light on our understanding of cavefish evolution, on the specificities of fish monoaminergic systems, and on MAO-dependent homeostasis of brain neurochemistry in general. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by PaperPlayer
Enzymes play a large role in enzymatic reactions so being able to control them is essential. In this podcast, we explore competitive inhibition, noncompetitive inhibition, and cofactors and how they affect enzymes.
Episode 94: Elevated Alk Phos. Akhil explains what to do when the alkaline phosphatase is elevated, including labs, imaging and other studies. This is Rio Bravo qWeek Podcast, your weekly dose of knowledge brought to you by the Rio Bravo Family Medicine Residency Program from Bakersfield, California. Our program is affiliated with UCLA, and it's sponsored by Clinica Sierra Vista, Let Us Be Your Healthcare Home. This podcast was created for educational purposes only. Visit your primary care physician for additional medical advice.Elevated Alk Phos. By Akhil Patel, MS4, American University of the Caribbean. Comments by Hector Arreaza, MD. Serum alkaline phosphatase: When you find elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, you must consider the two most common sources: the liver and bones. Other sources to consider include the third-trimester placenta, intestine, and kidneys. To determine if the abnormal elevation of alkaline phosphatase has clinical significance, you need to consider if it is a physiological or pathological elevation first. Ruling out physiological concerns: Typically, you should rule out physiological causes first as they are fewer and easier to determine via patient history. This can be even quicker to determine but also sometimes bypassed if a patient's history and labs present with more concerning etiologies of pathological elevation.Common causes of physiological elevations in alkaline phosphatase include pregnancy, patients with blood type O and B after eating a fatty meal, and younger children. Pregnancy: During pregnancy women in their third trimester will have elevated serum alk phos from the placenta. Blood type: During digestion, alk phos is released from the intestines in patients of blood type O and B. A postprandial increase can be 1.5 to 2 times the upper limit of normal in these patients, however, there is no clinical significance. Children: Younger children tend to have higher alk phos due to increased bone turnover. You can find a reference range chart online for different age groups. It is possible for alk phos to be up to three times higher in infancy and adolescence reflecting the ages with the highest bone growth velocity. Fun fact: Alkaline Phosphatase (also known as ALP) is a natural enzyme present in raw milk. Complete pasteurization will inactivate the enzyme in milk, therefore, presence of alkaline phosphatase in milk is an indicator of failed pasteurization. This is because the most heat-stable bacteria found in milk, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, is destroyed by temperatures lower than those required to denature ALP.Evaluation of pathological alkaline phosphatase: Degree of elevation: Another consideration is the level of alk phos elevation. If alk phos is at least four times the upper limit of normal, then cholestasis is the likely cause with many specific etiologies to consider. If alk phos is not markedly elevated (four times the upper limit) then the cause is likely not as specific and many different etiologies should be considered whether hepatic or non-hepatic. Liver source: Common symptoms: Jaundice, abdominal pain, ascites, easy bruising, nausea and/or vomiting, choluria, acholia or hypocholia, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or anasarca.If alk phos is elevated along with liver function testing and bilirubin, it is easier to determine the liver etiology (hepatitis, cirrhosis). However, if it is an isolated elevation in alkaline phosphatase, then other sources must be considered more carefully. A helpful test at this point is to look at is GGT or serum 5'-Nucleotidase for elevation. Typically, these will be elevated with alk phos if it is of liver origin. If they are not increased, you should consider bone-related etiologies.-If a hepatic cause is determined, a right upper quadrant ultrasound is the best initial test to determine intrahepatic or extrahepatic causes. This imaging will look at the hepatic parenchyma and bile ducts. Biliary dilation on ultrasound suggests an extrahepatic cause while no dilation suggests an intrahepatic cause. Liver source with biliary dilation: CBD is considered dilated when >6mm. If biliary dilation is present suggesting an extrahepatic cause, ERCP or MRCP is the next best step in visualizing the cause with choledocholithiasis being the most common cause. Other causes to consider: malignant obstruction, primary sclerosing cholangitis strictures, chronic pancreatitis causing strictures, and AIDS cholangiopathy. Malignant obstructions can be from the pancreas, gallbladder, ampulla of vater, bile duct, or distant metastasis. If the results of these tests are inconclusive the next best step is to consider a liver biopsy. Liver source without biliary dilation: Without biliary dilation on ultrasound, there is a larger pool of etiologies to consider for intrahepatic causes: drug toxicity, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, viral hepatitis, cholestasis of pregnancy, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Tests: Antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) testing is a good place to start at this point which would suggest primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and indicate confirmation with a liver biopsy. Other tests to order at this point include hepatitis panel, EBV and CMV, and possibly pregnancy testing. If patient history and these tests are all negative, the next best step to consider is a liver biopsy if alk phos is significantly elevated more than two times the upper limit of normal. Summary: GGT, Liver US, Dilated? -> MRCP, ERCP, CT scan of abdomen and pelvis. Non dilated? AMA, Hepatitis panel, EBV, CMV, pregnancy test.Fun fact: When Alkaline phosphatase is elevated you can order the test called Alkaline Phosphatase isoenzymes. You will get a result with percentages for each isoenzyme: ALPI – intestinal, ALPL – nonspecific, but mainly expressed in liver, bone, and kidney; ALPP – placental, and ALPG – germ cells. Nonhepatic evaluation:With an isolated alkaline phosphatase elevation and normal GGT or serum 5'-Nucleotidase, the first thing to consider is bone-related pathologies involving high bone turnover: Healing fractures, osteomalacia, Paget's disease of bone, osteogenic sarcoma, bone metastasis, hyperparathyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. Patient history, ordering thyroid and parathyroid function testing, imaging with bone scintigraphy are all important in sorting through the differential of bone-related pathologies. Other extrahepatic diseases to consider that have shown elevated alkaline phosphatase include myeloid metaplasia, peritonitis, diabetes mellitus, subacute thyroiditis, uncomplicated gastric ulcer, and sepsis. Each of these has its own work up and an elevated alk phos level has little significance clinically.Paget's disease of bone: Paget disease of bone is a benign disorder that presents with focal areas of increased bone turnover in one or more skeletal sites. Mostly affects male older adults, but female patients can also be affected. Commonly affects the bones of the pelvis, spine, skull, and long bones. Pain is the most common symptom, and the presentation of the disease may depend on which bones are affected, the extent of involvement, and the presence of complications. Paget's disease of bone may be asymptomatic, incidental elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels on routine labs or abnormal imaging tests performed for other reasons can point to Paget's disease of bone. Other common symptoms include deafness, and tight hats. Diagnosis is normally done by plain radiography and serum alkaline phosphatase. Radionuclide scans is used to determine the extent of disease. Treatment with nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (zoledronic acid, risedronate, and alendronate).Complications of the disease include arthritis, gait changes, hearing loss, nerve compression syndromes, and osteosarcoma. Use serum alkaline phosphatase for assessing treatment response. Early diagnosis of Paget disease of bone is key in the management and patients have a better prognosis when treatment is initiated before complications. Consult with a specialist to confirm the diagnosis and start treatment.__________________________Conclusion: Now we conclude our episode number 94 “Elevated Alk Phos”. Elevated Alk Phos can be normal in some circumstances, mainly in pregnancy and childhood. You can start a workup when the alk phos is persistently elevated 4 times above the upper limit of normal. The most common causes can be grouped as hepatic and non-hepatic, and the bones is the most common non-hepatic source. Even without trying, every night you go to bed being a little wiser.This week we thank Hector Arreaza, and Akhil Patel. Audio edition: Suraj Amrutia. Thanks for listening to Rio Bravo qWeek Podcast. If you have any feedback, contact us by email at RioBravoqWeek@clinicasierravista.org, or visit our website riobravofmrp.org/qweek. See you next week! _____________________References:Williams, J., & Nieuwsma, J. (2016). Screening for depression in adults. In J. A. Melin (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved February 1, 2017, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/screening-for-depression-in-adults. Lawrence S Friedman, MD (2020). Approach to the patient with abnormal liver biochemical and function tests. Shilpa Grover (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved Maye 12, 2022 from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-patient-with-abnormal-liver-biochemical-and-function-tests. Lawrence S Friedman, MD (2020). Enzymatic measures of cholestasis (eg, alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase). Shilpa Grover (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved Maye 12, 2022 from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/enzymatic-measures-of-cholestasis-eg-alkaline-phosphatase-5-nucleotidase-gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase.
Don't rain on our brown parade. Games we played this week include: Steel Assault (14:25) Ravenous Devils (24:00) Evil Dead: The Game (25:10) Pokémon Go (34:55) Steam Deck (36:15) Fight Knight (42:20) --- News things talked about in this episode: Organizing QA contractors for BioWare will not be forced to return to offices (45:10) https://www.theverge.com/2022/5/9/23063933/bioware-keywords-studios-contractors-unionize-return-office Nintendo of America's Doug Bowser is “troubled” his contractors aren't happy (46:35) https://www.axios.com/2022/05/12/nintendo-contractors-investigation PlayStation boss Jim Ryan wrote a weird and bad email to staff about abortion rights (48:20) https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-05-12/sony-playstation-staff-fume-over-ceo-s-abortion-comments Images claimed to be from new Silent Hill project leak (59:55) https://www.eurogamer.net/looks-like-silent-hill-concept-art-has-leaked Fall Guys going free-to-play, coming to PS5, Switch and Xbox (1:04:35) https://www.eurogamer.net/fall-guys-goes-free-to-play-in-june-arrives-on-switch-and-xbox-at-the-same-time --- Buy official Jimquisition merchandise from the Jimporium at thejimporium.com Find Laura at LauraKBuzz on Twitter, Twitch, YouTube, and Patreon. All her content goes on LauraKBuzz.com, and you can catch Access-Ability on YouTube every Friday. Follow Conrad at ConradZimmerman on Twitter and check out his Patreon (patreon.com/fistshark). You can also peruse his anti-capitalist propaganda at pinfultruth.com.
Today we talk with John Nelson, Senior Principal Scientist at GE Research and veteran in the field of DNA synthesis. On January 7th, 2020, two weeks before the first cases of the coronavirus were reported in the U.S, John and a team of scientists and engineers proposed a new project to DARPA called NOW, or Nucelic Acids on Demand Worldwide. The goal of the project, now fully underway, is to deliver DNA-based vaccines anywhere in the world in three days.
The DNA synthesis space is seeing some real creativity and disruption this past year. One newcomer, in particular, is shaking things up. Sylvain Gariel is the co-founder and chief operating officer of DNA Script, who has recently launched the world's first benchtop enzymatic DNA synthesizer. In today's show, Sylvain, co-inventor of the new system, tells how he met his co-inventors at a French gas company and came to invent a whole new way of writing DNA.
In Exploration Science, Episode 4, we continue our exploration of enzyme-mediated technologies in peptide and protein science. As a follow-up to a question posed in Episode 2, the CEO of EnzyTag, Leendert van den Bos, and Peptide Expert, Rodney Lax, tell us about the growing utility of Chemo-Enzymatic Peptide Synthesis (CEPS) from discovery to manufacturing. Links and references: Development of omniligase: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2021.02.002 Scale-up work on Exenatide (EnzyPep / PPL collaboration): https://doi.org/10.1039/c9gc03600h Publication with Danny Chou: https://chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxiv/article-details/618162db81c4fc61d3ea4954. Omniligase kit https://enzytag.com/ligation-kit/ CEPS Technology - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vtEUWmy-oEM Protein synthesis - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnMoBs1jbAw
In Exploration Science, Episode 4, we continue our exploration of enzyme-mediated technologies in peptide and protein science. As a follow up to a question posed in Episode 2, the CEO of EnzyTag, Leendert van den Bos, and Peptide Expert, Rodney Lax, tell us about the growing utility of Chemo-Enzymatic Peptide Synthesis (CEPS) from discovery to manufacturing. Links and references: Development of omniligase: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2021.02.002 Scale-up work on Exenatide (EnzyPep / PPL collaboration): https://doi.org/10.1039/c9gc03600h Publication with Danny Chou: https://chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxiv/article-details/618162db81c4fc61d3ea4954. Omniligase kit https://enzytag.com/ligation-kit/ CEPS Technology - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vtEUWmy-oEM Protein synthesis - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnMoBs1jbAw
DNA is a multibillion-dollar industry in 2021 and satisfies many life science applications, including drugs, reagents, siRNA, PCR, diagnostics, synthetic biology, and many others. Enzymatic DNA synthesis, or EDS, is a new approach to manufacturing DNA that is much more efficient and user-friendly and could disrupt the current market.
In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Yael David from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York to talk about her work on Effects of Non-Enzymatic Covalent Histone Modifications on Chromatin. The David lab studies on non-enzymatic covalent modifications of Histones, including Histone glycation and citrullination. These modifications recognize metabolites that are produced in the cell and aid as a sensor for chromatin to quickly adapt to cellular changes. These unique modifications do not have a so-called erasing enzyme, which makes them terminal, rendering these sites inaccessible for further modifications such as methylation or acetylation. A second area of research in the David lab is Histone H1. The lab has developed a new method to purify Histone H1, superior to the commonly used method of acid extraction which leads to degradation of Histone H1. This purification method enabled the lab to purify and characterize the functional properties of all Histone H1 variants. References David, Y., Vila-Perelló, M., Verma, S., & Muir, T. W. (2015). Chemical tagging and customizing of cellular chromatin states using ultrafast trans -splicing inteins. Nature Chemistry, 7(5), 394–402. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2224 David, Y., & Muir, T. W. (2017). Emerging Chemistry Strategies for Engineering Native Chromatin. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 139(27), 9090–9096. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b03430 Osunsade, A., Prescott, N. A., Hebert, J. M., Ray, D. M., Jmeian, Y., Lorenz, I. C., & David, Y. (2019). A Robust Method for the Purification and Characterization of Recombinant Human Histone H1 Variants. Biochemistry, 58(3), 171–176. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01060 Zheng, Q., Omans, N. D., Leicher, R., Osunsade, A., Agustinus, A. S., Finkin-Groner, E., D'Ambrosio, H., Liu, B., Chandarlapaty, S., Liu, S., & David, Y. (2019). Reversible histone glycation is associated with disease-related changes in chromatin architecture. Nature Communications, 10(1), 1289. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09192-z Zheng, Q., Osunsade, A., & David, Y. (2020). Protein arginine deiminase 4 antagonizes methylglyoxal-induced histone glycation. Nature Communications, 11(1), 3241. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17066-y Related Episodes Synthetic Chromatin Epigenetics (Karmella Haynes) Variants of Core Histones: Modulators of Chromatin Structure and Function (Sandra Hake) Influence of Histone Variants on Chromatin Structure and Metabolism (Marcus Buschbeck) Contact Active Motif on Twitter Epigenetics Podcast on Twitter Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Facebook Email: podcast@activemotif.com
This special release episode of the Beyond Clean podcast features a recent Expert Series conference session with our Enzymatic Expert Peggy Spitzer, A.A.S., B.A., MA.Ed., Clinical Education Manager at Certol International. Dive into the brewing debates in the industry related to cleaning chemicals! During this episode we talk about time, dosing, and whether or not its mandatory to use chemicals offered by equipment manufacturers in order to obtain chemical success. What is important for technicians and leaders to do in order to stay safe around harsh chemicals? Don your PPE and tune in to this episode to learn all you've wanted to know about our cleaning chemicals! This special release is worth 1 CE credit, so once you finish this interview, you can get your 1 CE credit immediately by passing the short quiz linked below each week. For access to this CE quiz and over 180 other free CE credit, visit our CE Credit Hub -> http://www.beyondclean.net/ce-credit-hub #BeyondClean #SterileProcessing #Podcast #CE #ExpertSeries
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.19.389403v1?rss=1 Authors: Jonathan, H. P., Temponeras, I., Kuiper, J., Cortes, A., Korczynska, J., Kitchen, S., Stratikos, E. Abstract: Objective: Polymorphic variation of immune system proteins can drive variability of individual immune responses. ER aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) generates antigenic peptides for presentation by MHC class I molecules. Coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ERAP1 have been associated with predisposition to inflammatory rheumatic disease and shown to affect functional properties of the enzyme, but the interplay between combinations of these SNPs as they exist in allotypes, has not been thoroughly explored. Methods: We used phased genotype data to estimate ERAP1 allotype frequency in 2,504 individuals across five major human populations, generated highly pure recombinant enzymes corresponding to the 10 most common ERAP1 allotypes and systematically characterized their in vitro enzymatic properties. Results: We find that ERAP1 allotypes possess a wide range of enzymatic activities, whose ranking is substrate-dependent. Strikingly, allotype 10, previously associated with Behcet's disease, is consistently a low-activity outlier, suggesting that a significant percentage of individuals carry a sub-active ERAP1 gene. Enzymatic analysis revealed that ERAP1 allotypes can differ in both catalytic efficiency and substrate affinity, differences that can change intermediate accumulation in multi-step trimming reactions. Alterations in efficacy of an allosteric inhibitor that targets the regulatory site of the enzyme suggest that allotypic variation influences the communication between the regulatory and the active site. Conclusion: Our work defines the wide landscape of ERAP1 activity in human populations and demonstrates how common allotypes can induce substrate-dependent variability in antigen processing, thus contributing, in synergy with MHC haplotypes, to immune response variability and to predisposition to chronic inflammatory conditions Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.30.362673v1?rss=1 Authors: El-Baz, H., Elazzazy, A. M., Saleh, T. S., Dourou, M., Mahyoub, J. A., Baeshen, M. N., Madian, H. R., Aggelis, G. Abstract: Sugar fatty acid esters, especially glucose fatty acid esters (GEs), have broad applications in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. In this research the fatty acid moieties derived from polyunsaturated fatty acid containing single cell oils (SCOs), i.e. those produced from Cunninghamella echinulata , Umbelopsis isabellina and Nannochloropsis gaditana as well as from olive oil and an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrate were converted into GEs by enzymatic synthesis, using lipases as biocatalysts. The GE synthesis was monitored using thin-layer chromatography, FT-IR and in situ NMR. It was found that GE synthesis carried out using immobilized Candida antarctica B lipase was very effective reaching high yields, near to 100%. It was shown that EPA-GEs were very effective against several pathogenic bacteria and their activity can be attributed to their high EPA content. Furthermore, C. echinulata-GEs were more effective against pathogens comparing to U. isabellina-GEs, probably due to the presence of gamma linolenic acid (GLA) in the lipids of C. echinulate, which is known for its antimicrobial activity, in higher concentrations. C. echinulata-GEs also showed a strong insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae, followed by EPA-GEs, olive oil-GEs, and N. gaditana-GEs. All synthesized GEs induced apoptosis of the SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell line, with the apoptotic rate increasing significantly after 48 h. A higher percentage of apoptosis was observed in the cells treated with EPA-GEs, followed by C. echinulata-GEs, U. isabellina-GEs and olive oil-GEs. We conclude that SCOs can be used in the synthesis of GEs with interesting biological properties. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.22.350314v1?rss=1 Authors: Bayne, R. A., Jayachandran, U., Kasprowicz, A., Bresson, S., Tollervey, D., Wallace, E. W. J., Cook, A. G. Abstract: The conserved fungal RNA binding protein Ssd1, is important in stress responses, cell division and virulence. Ssd1 is closely related to Dis3L2 of the RNase II family of nucleases, but lacks catalytic activity and may act by suppressing translation of associated mRNAs. Previous studies identified motifs that are enriched in Ssd1-associated transcripts, yet the sequence requirements for Ssd1 binding are not well understood. Here we present the crystal structure of Ssd1 at 1.9 [A] resolution. Active RNase II enzymes have a characteristic, internal RNA binding path, but in Ssd1 this is blocked by remnants of regulatory sequences. Instead, RNA binding activity has likely been relocated to the outer surface of the protein. Using in vivo crosslinking and cDNA analysis (CRAC), we identify Ssd1-RNA binding sites. These are strongly enriched in 5'UTRs of a subset of mRNAs encoding cell wall proteins. Based on these and previous analyses, we identified a conserved bipartite motif that binds Ssd1 with high affinity in vitro. These studies provide a new framework for understanding the function of a pleiotropic post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression and give insights into the evolution of regulatory elements in the RNase II family. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
This special edition podcast not only has us celebrating Sterile Processing (SP) Week, but also the one-year anniversary of our Process This podcast series. Guest speaker Peggy Spitzer joins us from Certol International to discuss all aspects of chemical disinfection and its role in infection control and prevention. Enzymatic solutions and detergent effectiveness are discussed, along with the critical need for experienced SP technicians to manage the process. She also addresses chemical selection and IFU references regarding disinfection. Host Jon Wood’s What’s on My Mind? portion pays tribute to all SP professionals during Sterile Processing Week and beyond. He discusses the shifting duties of today’s SP technicians and all the challenges brought by 2020 that SP professionals so effectively managed. The Mailbox Mania segment reviews a Healthcare Purchasing News article on SPD Makeovers, and provides an interesting take on IFU database updates, smart reprocessing automation and standardization, and enhanced visualization in Sterile Processing. Earn a certificate of completion worth 0.5 CE at the end of the presentation by filling out our online completion form. Earn CE Now
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.14.339192v1?rss=1 Authors: Katsanevaki, D., Till, S. M., Buller-Peralta, I., Watson, T. C., Nawaz, M. S., Arkell, D., Tiwari, S., Kapgal, V., Biswal, S., Smith, J. A., Anstey, N. J., Mizen, L., Perentos, N., Jones, M. W., Cousin, M. A., Chattarji, S., Gonzalez-Sulser, A., Hardt, O., Wood, E. R., Kind, P. C. Abstract: Pathogenic variants in SYNGAP1 are one of the most common genetic causes of nonsyndromic intellectual disability (ID) and are considered a risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). SYNGAP1 encodes a synaptic GTPase activating protein that modulates the intrinsic GTPase activity of several small G-proteins and is implicated in regulating the composition of the postsynaptic density. By targeting the deletion of exons encoding the calcium/lipid binding (C2) and GTPase activating protein (GAP) domains, we generated a novel rat model to study SYNGAP related pathophysiology. We find that rats heterozygous for the C2/GAP domain deletion (Syngap+/{Delta}-GAP) exhibit reduced exploration and fear extinction, altered social behaviour, and spontaneous seizures, while homozygous mutants die within days after birth. This new rat model reveals that the enzymatic domains of SYNGAP are essential for normal brain function and provide an important new model system in the study of both ID/ASD and epilepsy. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.13.295113v1?rss=1 Authors: El-Baz, H. A., Elazzazy, A. M., Saleh, T. S., Dritsas, P., Mahyoub, J. A., Baeshen, M. N., Madian, H. R., Alkhaled, M., Aggelis, G. Abstract: Fatty acid amides (FAAs) are of great interest due to their broad industrial applications. They can be synthesized enzymatically with many advantages over chemical synthesis. In this study, the fatty acid moieties of lipids of Cunninghamella echinulata ATHUM 4411, Umbelopsis isabellina ATHUM 2935, Nannochloropsis gaditana CCAP 849/5, Olive oil and an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrate were converted into their fatty acid methyl esters and used in the FAA (i.e. ethylene diamine amides) enzymatic synthesis, using lipases as biocatalysts. The FAA synthesis, monitored using in situ NMR, FT-IR and thin-layer chromatography, was catalyzed efficiently by the immobilized Candida rugosa lipase. The synthesized FAAs exhibited a significant antimicrobial activity, especially those containing oleic acid in high proportions (i.e. derived from Olive oil and U. isabellina oil), against several human pathogenic microorganisms, insecticidal activity against yellow fever mosquito, especially those of C. echinulata containing gamma linolenic acid, and anti-cancer properties against SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell line, especially those containing EPA in their structures (i.e. EPA concentrate and N. gaditana oil). We conclude that FAAs can be efficiently synthesized using microbial oils of different fatty acid composition and used in specific biological applications. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.11.293571v1?rss=1 Authors: Vargas-Rodriguez, O., Bakhtina, M., McGowan, D., Abid, J., Goto, Y., Suga, H., Musier-Forsyth, K. Abstract: Accurate translation of genetic information into proteins is vital for cell sustainability. ProXp-ala prevents proteome-wide Pro-to-Ala mutations by hydrolyzing misacylated Ala-tRNAPro, which is synthesized by prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS). Bacterial ProXp-ala was previously shown to combine a size-based exclusion mechanism with conformational and chemical selection for the recognition of the alanyl moiety, while tRNAPro is selected via recognition of tRNA acceptor stem elements G72 and A73. The identity of these critical bases changed during evolution with eukaryotic cytosolic tRNAPro possessing a cytosine at the corresponding positions. The mechanism by which eukaryotic ProXp-ala adapted to these changes remains unknown. In this work, recognition of the aminoacyl moiety and tRNA acceptor stem by human (Hs) ProXp-ala was examined. Enzymatic assays revealed that Hs ProXp-ala requires C72 and C73 in the context of Hs cytosolic tRNAPro for efficient deacylation of mischarged Ala-tRNAPro. The strong dependence on these bases prevents cross-species deacylation of bacterial Ala-tRNAPro or of Hs mitochondrial Ala-tRNAPro by the human enzyme. Similar to the bacterial enzyme, Hs ProXp-ala showed strong tRNA acceptor-stem recognition but differed in its amino acid specificity profile relative to bacterial ProXp-ala. Changes at conserved residues in both the Hs and bacterial ProXp-ala substrate binding pockets modulated this specificity. These results illustrate how the mechanism of substrate selection diverged during the evolution of the ProXp-ala family and provides the first example of a trans-editing domain whose specificity evolved to adapt to changes in its tRNA substrate. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.11.245860v1?rss=1 Authors: Piedrafita, G., Varma, S. J., Castro, C., Messner, C. B., Szyrwiel, L., Griffin, J. L., Ralser, M. Abstract: How metabolic pathways emerged in early evolution remains largely unknown. Recently discovered chemical networks driven by iron and sulfur resemble reaction sequences found within glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the oxidative and reductive Krebs cycle, the Wood Ljungdahl as well as the Sadenosylmethionine pathways, components of the core cellular metabolic network. These findings suggest that the evolution of central metabolism was primed by environmental chemical reactions, implying that non-enzymatic reaction networks served as a template in the evolution of enzymatic activities. We speculated that the turning point for this transition would depend on the catalytic properties of the simplest structural components of proteins, single amino acids. Here, we systematically combine constituents of Fe(II)-driven non-enzymatic reactions resembling glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), with single proteinogenic amino acids. Multiple reaction rates are enhanced by amino acids. In particular, cysteine is able to replace (and/or complement) the metal ion Fe(II) in driving the non-enzymatic formation of the RNA-backbone metabolite ribose 5-phosphate from 6-phosphogluconate, a rate-limiting reaction of the oxidative PPP. In the presence of both Fe(II) and cysteine, a complex is formed, enabling the non-enzymatic reaction to proceed at a wide range of temperatures. At mundane temperatures, this 'minimal enzyme-like complex' achieves a much higher specificity in the formation of ribose 5-phosphate than the Fe(II)-driven reaction at high temperatures. Hence, simple amino acids can accelerate key steps within metal-promoted metabolism-like chemical networks. Our results imply a stepwise scenario, in which environmental chemical networks served as primers in the early evolution of the metabolic network structure. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Mor idrar torbası sendromu (MİTS), kabızlık, idrar yolu enfeksiyonu ve eş zamanlı olarak mesane kateteri olan yaşlı kadınlarda tipik olarak görülen idrarın mor renkte değişikliği olarak tanımlanır. Bu durum genellikle idrar yolu enfeksiyonu ile ilişkilidir. İdrar torbasının renk değişim nedeni ise; mesane kateteri ve idrar torbasındaki sentetik materyal çökelekleriyle reaksiyona giren indigo (mavi) ve indiburin (kırmızı) pigmentlerinden kaynaklanır. İlk olarak 1978 yılında Barlow tarafından tanımlanan bu sendrom hastaları genellikle yaşlı, kadın, immobil, kabızlık, kronik mesane kateterizasyon, alkali idrar, idrar yolu enfeksiyonu ve böbrek yetmezliği gibi risk faktörleri ile ilişkilidir.1 MİTS hastalarında yaygın olarak izole edilmiş bakteriler aşağıda listelenmiştir.2 [box type="info" align="" class="" width=""]MİTS hastalarında yaygın olarak izole edilmiş bakterilerPseudomonas aeruginosa,Proteus mirabilis, Providencia spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganelli morganii, Citrobacter spp., metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus,grup B streptokoklar ve Enterococcus spp[/box] Patogenezinde kabızlığın önemli bir rolü vardır. Kabızlık nedeniyle bağırsak geçişi uzar, triptofan bağırsak florasındaki bakteriler tarafından indole deamine olur. İndol karaciğerde konjugasyonla indoksil sülfata çevrilir. İdrara sekrete edilen indoksil sülfat, mesane kateterinde kolonize bakteriler tarafından sültafaz ve fosfataz enzimleri sayesinde indoksile dönüştürülür. İndoksilin oksidasyonu sonucu indigo (mavi) ve indivurin (kırmızı) pigmentleri meydana gelir. Bu pigmentler plastik idrar torbası ile temas ettikten sonra meydana gelen reaksion sonucunda idrar torbasında mor bir renk oluşur. Mor idrar Torbası Sendromu’nda metabolik yollar “+” ile patogeneze katkıda bulunan faktörler belirtilmiştir Hastanın altta yatan risk faktörlerini kontrol altına almak, mesane kateterinin değişimi, uygun üriner antisepsisi ve etkene uygun antibiyoterapi MİTS tedavisinde yapılması gerekenler arasındadır.3MİTS görünüm itibariyle hastaları, hastaya bakan aile üyelerini, arkadaşlarını ve bakıcılarını endişe verici bir tabloya sokan bir durum olsa da prognozu görünümü kadar kötü değildir. 4 Geriatrik popülasyonun her yıl daha belirgin hale geldiği, opioid tedavilere bağlı kabızlığın arttığı immobil hastalarda, altta yatan patolojik faktörler, idrar sondalarının yanlış bakımı ve uygun olmayan temizliği nedeniyle tekrarlayan idrar yolu enfeksiyonları önemli bir morbidite ve mortalite nedeni olmasından dolayı akılda tutulması gereken bir klinik tablodur. [box type="warning" align="alignleft" class="" width=""]Sonuç olarak; MİTS, kabızlık ve kronik kateterizasyon öyküsü olan yaşlılarda idrar yolu enfeksiyonunun nadir görülen bir prezentasyonudur. Patofizyolojisi net değildir; ama kostipasyona sekonder artan bakteriyel büyüme ve triptofanın karmaşık bir dizi reaksiyonu sonucunda idrar pigmentlerinin dönüşümü ile karakterize bir tablo diyebiliriz. Tedavi, uygun mikroflorayı ve varsa foley kateter değişimini kapsayan antibiyoterapi.[/box] Teşekkürler 1. Al Montasir A, Al Mustaque A. Purple urine bag syndrome. J Fam Med Primary Care. Published online 2013:104. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.109970 2. Dealler SF, Hawkey PM, Millar MR. Enzymatic degradation of urinary indoxyl sulfate by Providencia stuartii and Klebsiella pneumoniae causes the purple urine bag syndrome. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Published online 1988:2152-2156. doi:10.1128/jcm.26.10.2152-2156.1988 3. Worku DA. Purple urine bag syndrome: An unusual but important manifestation of urinary tract infection. Case report and literature review. SAGE Open Medical Case Reports. Published online January 2019:2050313X1882310. doi:10.1177/2050313x18823105 4. Su Y-J, Yang H-W. Risk factors of mortality in patients with purple urine bag syndrome. Journal of Drug Assessment. Published online January 1, 2019:21-24. doi:10.1080/21556660.2019.1579727
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.03.235077v1?rss=1 Authors: Soares, D. M. M., Goncalves, L. C. P., Machado, C. O., Esteves, L. C., Stevani, C. V., Oliveira, C. C., Dorr, F. A., Pinto, E., Adachi, F. M. M., Hotta, C. T., Bastos, E. L. Abstract: L-DOPA extradiol dioxygenases (DODAs) catalyze the production of betalains and hygroaurins pigments. The sequence of the DODAs found in Caryophyllales and Basidiomycetes are not conserved, although betalains are produced both by plants and fungi. Here we revise the coding region of the dodA gene of fly agaric [Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam.] and describe an alternative start codon downstream that enables the heterologous expression of AmDODA, a promiscuous L-DOPA dioxygenase. AmDODA is 43-amino acid residues shorter than the recombinant DODA previously reported but catalyzes the formation of two isomeric seco-DOPAs that are the biosynthetic precursors of betalains and hygroaurins. The putative active site of AmDODA contains two distinct His-His-Glu motifs that can explain the dual cleavage of L-DOPA according to the mechanism proposed for non-heme iron-dependent dioxygenases. Upon addition of excess L-DOPA, both the betaxanthin and hygroaurin adducts of L-DOPA are produced. The kinetic parameters of enzymatic catalysis at pH 8.5 are similar to those reported for other L-DOPA dioxygenases. The rate constants for the conversion of L-DOPA into the betalamic acid and muscaflavin were estimated by kinetic modelling allowing the proposal of a mechanism of pigment formation. These results contribute to understanding the biosynthesis of bacterial, fungal and plant pigments, for the biotechnological production of hygroaurins, and for the development of more promiscuous dioxygenases for environmental remediation. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
MARTI (Motor, Antibodies, Receptors, Transport, and Ion Channel) Proteins. Don't forget LITHOL for types of enzymes.
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.14.095422v1?rss=1 Authors: Mattei, D., Ivanov, A., van Oostrum, M., Pantelyushin, S., Richetto, J., Mueller, F., Beffinger, M. M., Schellhammer, L., vom Berg, J., Wollscheid, B., Beule, D., Paolicelli, R. C., Meyer, U. Abstract: Different cell isolation techniques exist for transcriptomic and proteotype profiling of brain cells. Here, we provide a systematic investigation of the influence of different cell isolation protocols on transcriptional and proteotype profiles in mouse brain tissue by taking into account single-cell transcriptomics of brain cells, proteotypes of microglia and astrocytes, and flow cytometric analysis of microglia. We show that standard enzymatic digestion of brain tissue at 37C induces profound and consistent alterations in the transcriptome and proteotype of neuronal and glial cells, as compared to an optimized mechanical dissociation protocol at 4C. These findings emphasize the risk of introducing technical biases and biological artefacts when implementing enzymatic digestion-based isolation methods for brain cell analyses. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.04.076224v1?rss=1 Authors: EL Tabbal, M., Niekisch, H., Henschke, J. J., Budinger, E., Frischknecht, R., Deliano, M., Happel, M. F. K. Abstract: In the adult vertebrate brain, long-lasting structural tenacity of synaptic networks is supported by the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is formed during brain maturation. Enzymatic removal of the ECM in cortical areas has been increasingly recognized to promote or modulate juvenile forms of plasticity, learning, and memory recall in the adult brain. However, the underlying impact of local removal of the ECM on the cortical circuit processing is still not understood. Here, we removed the ECM in the primary auditory cortex (ACx) of adult Mongolian gerbils using local injections of hyaluronidase (HYase). We performed laminar current-source density (CSD) analysis during spontaneous and evoked columnar activity and found layer-specific changes with higher activation of supragranular layers I/II and lower activity in infragranular layers Vb. Further, ECM removal induced a higher activity spread via lateral corticocortical circuits, which led to increased spectral integration at a cortical patch. A multitaper spectral analysis of layer-specific CSD responses revealed increased evoked oscillatory power in the beta band (25-36 Hz) selectively within infragranular layers Vb. Finally, to reveal the dynamic nature of translaminar interactions, we used time-domain conditional Granger causality (GC) confirming altered translaminar input-output dynamics with a supragranular lead of the columnar response profile. Our findings thus reveal new insights on how ECM modulation affects laminar cortical network dynamics, which help to interpret existing behavioral findings and to design more targeted translative applications in neurorehabilitation. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Organic body wash, Aleavia Enzymatic Body Cleanse, is an all natural body wash with no chemicals and only 7 ingredients. Here's my review! This natural body wash contains prebiotics that feed your skin’s good bacteria and preserve your skin’s natural beauty and protection. Please note: This description contains affiliate links. I may earn a bit of commission when you click the link. It ain't much, but better than nothing!
What's required to figure it out?
PCR法の発明者であるKary Mullis博士追悼回。PCRの原理と初期プロトコルやKary Mullisの生涯、爆速DNAポリメラーゼ、DNAを用いたハミルトン経路問題の計算（DNA computing）について話しました。Show notes Kary Mullis (Wikipedia)…PCRの発明者。1993年のノーベル化学賞を受賞 Kary Mullis (Web Site) Kary Mullis: Play! Experiment! Discover!…Kary MullisのTEDプレゼンテーション(2002)。 何か知りたいことがあれば、自分で実験し、観察し、記録し、法則性を見つけよ アイデアから始めよ、自分で試し、ドンドン改良せよ 権威に頼るな (時には必要であるが) 自分の行為に正直でなければならない Sons of Sputnik: Kary Mullis at TEDxOrangeCoast…青春時代、ロケットを作っていた話をKaryが熱心にしている。 Polymerase Chain Reaction: PCR (Wikipedia)…テンプレートDNAから目的領域のDNAを増幅させることができる。分子生物学に必須の基本方法。Denature->Annealing->Extensionのステップを繰り返すことでDNAは指数的に増幅されていく。例えば20回のサイクルではN^20=1,048,576分子に増える。 PCRのトラブルシューティングまとめ Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia…Saiki et al. Science 1985. PCRの最初の論文。現在とプロトコルはほとんど変わっていないが、当時はDNA polymeraseとして、Klenowを用いていたため、温度を上げてDenatureさせた後はKlenowを新しく入れる必要があった (高温になるとKlenowが失活するため)。このため、サイクル反応のたびにどんどん反応容量が増えていき、最終的には140uLのうち、30%ちかくがKlenowになる。 Specific enzymatic amplification of DNA in vitro: the polymerase chain reaction…PCR初期の論文 Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase-catalyzed chain reaction…PCR初期の論文 Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase…イエローストーン国立公園でとられた好熱細菌であるThermus aquaticusから取られたDNA polymeraseであるTaqを応用したPCRの論文。今のPCRの原型となる。被引用数としてはこの論文が一番PCR関連の中では多い。(2019年現在、被引用数は2万越え) Thermus aquaticus…イエローストーン国立公園で単離された好熱細菌。DNA polymeraseであるTaqはこの菌から取られた。 5x NEB Phusion Polymerase Buffer…このようにPCRのバッファーだけも売っている。 Thermus thermophilus…伊豆にある峰温泉で取られた好熱細菌。 数兆円の経済効果–PCRの発見…古市泰宏先生によるPCRをめぐる当時の状況とKary Mullisの回顧録。当時の雰囲気を感じ取ることができる。 Cosmological Significance of Time Reversal…Kary Mullisが24歳の時にかいた物理の論文。 KOD DNA Polymerase…国産の耐熱性DNAポリメラーゼ。鹿児島県小宝島の硫気孔から今中先生らにより単離された超好熱始原菌 Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD 1株に由来している。 小宝島…鹿児島の小宝島。一度聖地巡礼で行きたい。 小宝島小・中学校…小宝島には小中学校があり、生徒はいま10人、先生も10人だそうです。鹿児島の本港南埠頭から約12時間で行けるそうです。行ってみたい。のどかな雰囲気が伝わってくる。 超好熱菌由来の新規DNAポリメラーゼの発見とその産業利用…上記のKODの発見などに関する今中先生らによる記事。 峰温泉 PrimeSTAR® Max DNA Polymerase…Takaraの開発した伸長反応が5秒/1kbという驚異的な速度かつ精度を誇るDNAポリメラーゼ。 縁から中心を捉える科学－好熱菌を通して…大島泰郎先生による好熱菌研究のエピソード Leonard Adleman (Wikipedia)…DNA computingを初めて行ったAdlemanはRSA暗号の提案によって2002年にチューリング賞を受賞している。 Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems. Science 1994…PCRを用いることによって7個の頂点からなるハミルトン経路問題を解くことを示した論文。DNA computingにおける最初の例。PDFが読めますので興味があればぜひ。 グラフ理論 (Wikipedia) RSA暗号 (Wikipedia)…RSAのAはAdlemanのA。 ハミルトン閉路問題…ハミルトン閉路問題における、閉路の条件を取り除いたものがハミルトン経路問題。 DNA computing (Wikipedia)…未踏の領域。 NP完全問題を解くDNAコンピューター…日本語のDNAコンピューターに関する解説 Solution of a 20-Variable 3-SAT Problem on a DNA Computer. Science 2002…AdlemanによるDNAコンピューター第二弾の論文。 Scaling up molecular pattern recognition with DNA-based winner-take-all neural networks. Nature 2018 Editorial notes DNAやその基礎反応を利用したコンピューティング技術についてもっと色々と考えていきたいですね (soh) アイデアを次々と試していきたい (tadasu)
Sinew training. What the heck is that? Chances are you've never heard of "sinew training"...or even thought about it. After all, genetics and "luck" dictate the properties of our tendons and ligaments, right? WRONG! A growing body of recent research has shown that athletes can play an active role in developing stronger, higher performing tendons and ligaments by way of specific training and nutritional interventions. If you engage in hard finger training, frequently push your physical limits, and/or occasionally experience tendon or joint pain, then this podcast will be game-changer for you! This podcast is the third in a series on sinew training. You will learn about the structure of connective tissues, and how you can intervene in your connective tissue health and function...and elevate your power and power-endurance in the process. It's exciting stuff! Be sure to revisit the first two podcasts in this series episode #33 and episode #34, and don't miss the conclusion of this series in episode #37 coming in early July! RUNDOWN 0:15 – Introduction to these ground-breaking podcasts on how you can play an active role in developing stronger, more robust and higher-performance tendons, ligament pulleys (A2 and such). Be sure to listen to the first two podcasts in this series: Episode #33: Sinew Training #1 - Intro to Training for Stronger Tendons and Ligaments Episode #34: Sinew Training #2 - A Revolution in Finger Training for Climbers 2:35 – Eric explains why connective tissue injuries are so common among climbers... 4:00 - Quick review of the new research on muscle and tendon adaptations....which dispell many of the old myths about tendons and ligaments. 9:00 - Eric outlines the 5 parts of this podcast... 12:30 - Part 1: Foundational information about the tendon, ligament, and muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) structure. It's all about proper collagen alignment, supporting net gains in collagen synthesis via adequate rest, and proper hydration. Factoid: gram for gram, collagen is stronger than steel! 26:00 - Part 2: Eric details the subtle, yet vitally important adaptations to training in tendon, ligament, and ECM. Learn the importance of--and differences--between strengthening and stiffening connective tissues. This is hugely important information for fine tuning your tendons for health and periods of performance climbing (or competition). 31:00 - Adaptation #1: Collagen synthesis. Important detail on collagen synthesis following training/climbing. Given adequete rest, a net gain in collagen molecules can result in a very gradual tendon hypertrophy. Factiod: The tendons of veteran climbers may be as much as 50% thicker than lesser experienced climbers. 36:00 - Adaptation #2: Enzymatic crosslinking...a more quick-developing adaptation that can increase connective tissue stiffness and performance. Although certain exercises protocols will actually reduce crosslinking and stiffness--some important distinctions here! 42:48 - Part 3: Learn about 6 confounding factors in collagen synthesis, crosslinking, and connective tissue health. You MUST know this information...and think critically about what factors may make you at greater risk for connective tissue injury...or slow recovery from training/climbing. 50:35 - Part 4: Training interventions for developing stronger, thicker tendons and annular (finger) tendon pulleys, stiffer more robust connective tissues, and how you can reduce stiffness and increase tendon health in the case of tendinopathy or other soft tissue injury. Get ready for a massive download of important information on specific training interventions and protocols for improve tendon/ligament strength....and increasing (or decreasing) connective tissue stiffness. Engaging in a highly personalized program is key! 1:07:08 - Part 5: The revolutionary research-derived nutritional intervention shown to increase collagen synthesis after targeted exercise. IMO, this is truly revolutionary information for power-endurance athletes such as rock climbers. The key is to consume vitamin C-enriched high-quality hydrolyzed collagen 30 to 60 minute BEFORE you engage in targeted exercise--only this way will the glycine and proline in the blood stream reach the synovial fluid and get drawn into the tendons and ligaments support up to a doubling of collage synthesis. 1:14:10 - How to spike glycine, proline, and vitamin C as you train your fingers? Consume Supercharged Collagen and follow the research-based training protocol and you may be able to double collagen synthesis after climbing-specific exercise. Available only from PhysiVāntage! 1:18:20 - Guidelines for proper Supercharged Collagen use and optimal benefit...and how to use it to support recovery from training and/or rehab of a connective tissue injury. 1:22:50 - Podcast wrap-up--PLEASE write and review and SHARE with your partners and friends. IMPORTANT NOTES: I formed PhysiVantage to make research-based supplements that will benefit passionate climbers who place great demands on their bodies! Visit PhysiVantage.com and save 15% off non-sale items with the code “podcast15” at checkout. Info on three great events I’ll be appearing at this summer. Then 26th annual International Climbers Festival in Lander, WY (July 10 – 14, 2019). The Canada Strong Climbing coaches conference (August 6 – 9, 2019). Climbing Medicine Canada (August 12 – 14, 2019) in Squamish, BC. Get 15% off at PhysiVantage.com with the discount code PODCAST15 at checkout. Instagram - @PhysiVantage Facebook - @PhysiVantage For a comprehensive study of Training for Climbing, check out the 3rd edition of Hörst's best-selling book! Follow Eric on Twitter @Train4Climbing Check out Eric’s TRAINING FOR CLIMBING YouTube channel. Follow Eric on Facebook! Music by: Misty Murphy Subscribe on iTunes (or other podcast player) to "Eric Hörst's Training For Climbing" podcast. You can also listen to the T4C podcast on Stitcher and Spotify! Please write a review on iTunes!
Non-invasive prenatal testing based on cell-free DNA is now a widely used technique. However, quality control materials that have properties identical to clinical samples and that are applicable to a wide range of procedures are not available to support assay development, internal or external quality control, and proficiency testing. The June 2019 issue of Clinical Chemistry includes a study describing the development of such quality control materials that comprise simulated human plasma and mixtures of mother cell line derived cell-free DNA based on DNA fragmentation factor digestion.
Largely most people think symptoms are a by products of age. The problem is these symptoms are popping up at earlier stages in life these days. The problem may not be age or what you’re eating! In fact, it could be what you are or aren’t absorbing and how, genetically, you respond to stress and nutrition. Knowing what is truly impacting symptoms, versus masking a bigger underlying problem, is key. We touch on many of these factors and how enzyme therapy applies! Post show questions? Email us! info@adiowholebody.com
You know that vitamin C is good for you. It is necessary for the growth, development and repair of all your body tissues, and it plays a role in the healthy functioning of your immune system. But evidence shows that the RDA—90mg for men and 75mg for women—may be woefully inadequate. And if you are suffering from certain types of cancer or sepsis, vitamin C may be the key to recovery. The Gluten Free RN is joined by vitamin C researcher Alex Michaels from the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University to discuss the latest developments in vitamin C, explaining how intravenous vitamin C works to kill certain cancer cells and reverses the organ failure associated with sepsis. He also covers the difference between vitamin C inadequacy and vitamin C deficiency and the debilitating symptoms of scurvy. Nadine and Alex speak to the best food sources of vitamin C and how it impacts other vitamins and minerals like iron and copper. Alex offers his advice around how much vitamin C you should get on a daily basis and explains why synthetic and natural vitamin C are identical. Learn about the LPI mission to determine the optimal ranges of micronutrients and phytochemicals you should be getting on a daily basis and how you can benefit from their research! What’s Discussed: Micronutrients vs. macronutrients Micronutrients are vitamins, essential minerals needed in small amounts (milligrams or micrograms/day) Macronutrients include fats, carbs and proteins (grams/day) Phytochemicals come from plants, affect health but not essential nutrients The difference between intravenous and oral vitamin C Intravenous bypasses GI system, high concentration in bloodstream (up to 100 grams) Body can only absorb certain amount of oral vitamin C, inflammation may prevent absorption Vitamin C’s resurgence as a cancer therapy High levels of intravenous vitamin C can covert oxygen to hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen peroxide floods and kills some cancer cells (e.g.: pancreatic tumors) Vitamin C’s role in the treatment of sepsis Reverses organ failure, decreases inflammation May restore vitamin C to normal levels, protect from negative effects of iron The availability of intravenous vitamin C Difficult to obtain, naturopaths usually have dedicated supplier More readily available in Australia, New Zealand The fundamentals of scurvy Defined as deficiency in vitamin C Symptoms include bleeding gums, corkscrew hair growth, open wounds, malaise and low energy Very rare in western world, would have to go without any fruits or vegetables for months May have vitamin C inadequacy without any outward signs of problem The best food sources of vitamin C Chili peppers Tropical fruits (papayas, Kakadu plum, camu camu) Factors that are known to denigrate vitamin C Heat, light and air Mechanical disruption (i.e.: juicer) Basic pH (anything above 7) Enzymatic factors Iron, copper How vitamin C impacts other vitamins and minerals Enhances iron absorption, some must be careful of iron overload Synthetic vitamin C may deplete copper concentration Alex’s take on the appropriate daily intake of vitamin C 400 mg/day recommended RDA much too low Resources: Linus Pauling Institute Micronutrient Information Center LPI on Facebook LPI on Twitter LPI on LinkedIn LPI on Pinterest Biochemical, Physiological, and Molecular Aspects of Human Nutrition by Martha H. Stipanuk PhD and Marie A. Caudill Cancer and Vitamin C by Ewan Cameron and Linus Pauling Dr. Paul Marik on NPR Connect with Nadine: Instagram Facebook Contact via Email ‘Your Skin on Gluten’ on YouTube Melodies of the Danube Gluten-Free Cruise with Nadine Books by Nadine: Dough Nation: A Nurse's Memoir of Celiac Disease from Missed Diagnosis to Food and Health Activism
Body horror Body horror, biological horror, organic horror or visceral horror is horror fiction in which the horror is principally derived from the unnatural graphic transformation, degeneration or destruction of the physical body. -Wikipedia Cronenberg! And Carpenter! You may recall some similar horror themes from our episodes on Event Horizon (though that concentrated rather on the cosmic horror) and The Thing. Mad… scientist? More like mad “project manager,” as he describes himself. How refreshing to see something sidestep the trope of the omnicapable super-scientist and have someone NOT create world-changing supertech by themselves. The art of the kludge/bodge. The computer It’s basically a genie! Rules-lawyering a computer is programming a computer. The nature of this interpretive computer system and the feats of artificial intelligence that enable it to coherently fuse Brundle and fly together. Teleporter Materials-detection, DNA analysis, and black-box DNA recombination algorithms. That’s a hell of a design. And the voice recognition isn’t too shabby, either. DNA detection How do we tell between species by DNA these days? DNA barcoding! Find a good, differentiable locus and make a database of that area for a certain type of earth life. Where do we keep the database? The Barcode of Life Data System. How genetic fusion teleportation could go wrong Animate vs inanimate. DNA fusion or DNA damage and how and when problems could manifest. Expressing or ignoring large chunks of odd DNA. The unlikelihood of coherent expression of fly-like traits from the fused fly DNA. Junk DNA and its influence on our robustness against fly fusion. Turning into a fly Gross hairs. Super strength and the square cube law a la our King Kong episode. Enzymatic digestion. Insect reproductive cycles. Flies lifecycle: YouTube A Scientist Responds… to The Fly: io9 Support the show!
Today’s guest is Aaron Davis, sports performance and health coach at Train Adapt Evolve. I first discovered Aaron’s work after reading his piece on arterial occlusion and tempo vs. circuit training prescriptions which sparked a huge interest in the topic on my own end. Aaron’s work is first class, and his knowledge of physiology and athlete adaptations is second to none in a field where coaches are quick to copy and paste the trendy workout template, but less willing to dig into why one athlete might respond well to longer sprint work, while others flounder with this workload. Aaron has been a head collegiate track and field coach, and switched over the private industry afterwards, where he now uses technology to optimize training adaptations for athletic populations. He also has a deep interest in human health and function. Today on the podcast, Aaron and I cover topics ranging from muscle length-tension relationships, to muscle occlusion trends in sprinting and strength, to muscle hypertrophy ideals and training cycle planning. Today’s episode is brought to you by SimpliFaster, supplier of high-end athletic development tools, such as the Freelap timing system, kBox, Sprint 1080, and more. Key Points: Aaron’s background The importance of muscle length-tension relationships in speed and strength expression Deep squats vs. partial high tension movements in power and elastic expression of strength Occlusion and bloodflow trends, and individualizing speed-endurance work based on response Strength training in light of oxygen desaturated situations How max strength, hypertrophy and speed fit together in training Ideas on fast-twitch hypertrophy in training Enzymatic adaptations to speed-endurance training Eyeball tests to determine oxygen deprivation in workouts Quotes “We have to improve tension in certain ranges to improve stiffness at maximal velocity” “(Regarding altering length-tension relationships) Intensive isometrics are kind of my go-to, or eccentrics in certain ranges” “I think owning and learning certain positions, and having strength in certain positions can only do good, for sure” “What kind of stress reaction are we creating if athletes are occluding all the time. If you occlude, that means while you are doing work, you are not getting the free fresh blood into the muscle” “How can we get in and out (of a workout) without causing that much damage… that’s how I look at it with using the MOXY (blood occlusion monitor)” “One of the hardest things with endurance athletes is to try to teach them to desaturate” “Generally, all the greats have (max strength, speed, hypertrophy) going at the same time, in some form or fashion” “You should see this occlusion trend somewhere above 75%, if their slow twitch it might be a little bit higher, if their fast twitch, you might see it a little bit sooner on, that percent scale per their 1RM” “When we think of tension we think of a bracing tension, but we want a fluid tension that relaxes just as quick as it contracts” “Speed-endurance allows certain sodium potassium pumps to regulate the cellular environment under certain stressors a lot better” About Aaron Davis Aaron Davis is a Sports Performance/Health Coach with 10 years experience coaching athletes and teams across multiple sports. Utilizing multiple diagnostic technologies and labs, Davis firmly believes health and performance go hand in hand. He is a constant student of sports performance and health – drawing upon knowledge from leading experts in the field. Davis coaches athletes in the Austin, Texas area as well as international and US athletes remotely. He shares his experiences and training philosophy speaking at seminars and writing for Train. Adapt. Evolve. Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (NSCA), USA Weightlifting-L1 Sports Performance Coach, USA Level II Track and Field Coach, CrossFit L1
Local Hive Report, Enzymes in Honey, Worker Development Stages, Melissopalynology, Warm or Cold Frame Placement, Marigold Gloves, Seed Packets, MAQs, LocalBee Hive, Closing Comments
This episode is about the factors that affect the rate of enzyme-catalysed reactions. Ask your questions for discussion on the upcoming podcast: - Leave a free voicemail by visiting visit www.evolveducation.com.au/biology - Email to biologypodcast@gmail.com - "Like" the Facebook Page, follow link at www.evolveducation.com.au/biology. © 2017 Andrew Douch This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior permission from Andrew Douch. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction rights should be made in writing at: www.andrewdouch.com.au/contact Disclaimers: 1. The explanations provided in this podcast are given in good faith but no responsibility will be taken for their accuracy. 2. The opinions expressed in this podcast are my own. They do not represent the opinions of the VCAA or any other organisation or government body. 3. No guarantee is made that the podcast makes a thorough coverage of all aspects of the course, or that all things contained in the course are relevant to VCE Biology Units 3 and 4. Songs in this episode: The Enzyme Song by Mr W https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPvwH12WoAA
Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 06/06
Deutsche Übersetzung des Titels: Chemische Synthese und enzymatischer Einbau von künstlichen Nukleotiden
This week Branden talks about his most recent exploration into making black garlic at home. Show notes: [Johnson Controls A419ABC-1C Electronic Temp Controller Amazon](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0026NDC5O/fermup-20) [Black Garlic Nordic Food Lab](http://nordicfoodlab.org/blog/2013/2/black-garlic) [The Heal Your Gut Cookbook: Nutrient-Dense Recipes for Intestinal Health Using the GAPS Diet Amazon](http://www.amazon.com/The-Heal-Your-Cookbook-Nutrient-Dense/dp/1603585613/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1409939240&sr=8-1&keywords=heal+your+gut+cookbook) Rate us on iTunes. Thanks for your support! Send your feedback to podcast@fermup.com or connect with us on Twitter, Facebook or Google+.
The study of tumourigenesis commonly involves the use of established cell lines or single cell suspensions of primary tumours. Standard methods for the generation of short-term tumour cell cultures include the disintegration of tissue based on enzymatic and mechanical stress. Here, we describe a simple and rapid method for the preparation of single cells from primary carcinomas, which is independent of enzymatic treatment and feeder cells. Tumour biopsies are processed to 1 mm(3) cubes termed explants, which are cultured 1-3 days on agarose-coated well plates in specified medium. Through incisions generated in the explants, single cells are retrieved and collected from the culture supernatant and can be used for further analysis including in vitro and in vivo studies. Collected cells retain tumour-forming capacity in xenotransplantation assays, mimic the phenotype of the primary tumour, and facilitate the generation of cell lines.
The information content of a non-enzymatic self-replicator is limited by Eigen’s error threshold. Presumably, enzymatic replication can maintain higher complexity, but in a competitive environment such a replicator is faced with two problems related to its twofold role as enzyme and substrate: as enzyme, it should replicate itself rather than wastefully copy non-functional substrates, and as substrate it should preferably be replicated by superior enzymes instead of less-efficient mutants. Because specific recognition can enforce these propensities, we thoroughly analyze an idealized quasispecies model for enzymatic replication, with replication rates that are either a decreasing (self-specific) or increasing (cross-specific) function of the Hamming distance between the recognition or “tag” sequences of enzyme and substrate. We find that very weak self-specificity suffices to localize a population about a master sequence and thus to preserve its information, while simultaneous localization about complementary sequences in the cross-specific case is more challenging. A surprising result is that stronger specificity constraints allow longer recognition sequences, because the populations are better localized. Extrapolating from experimental data, we obtain rough quantitative estimates for the maximal length of the recognition or tag sequence that can be used to reliably discriminate appropriate and infeasible enzymes and substrates, respectively
Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 02/06
Using the [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of chiral allylic diarylphosphinites, a number of new enantiopure 1,3-diphoshine ligands were prepared. Enzymatic kinetic rezolution of allylic alcohols was used for the preparation of enantiopure starting materials. Several new reactions of organozinc compounds, i. e. new thiolation method, Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and a method of preparation of alkylzinc bromides from the corresponding alkylbromides were developed.
It is a long-standing question in origin-of-life research whether the information content of replicating molecules can be maintained in the presence of replication errors. Extending standard quasispecies models of non-enzymatic replication, we analyze highly specific enzymatic self-replication mediated through an otherwise neutral recognition region, which leads to frequency-dependent replication rates. We find a significant reduction of the maximally tolerable error rate, because the replication rate of the fittest molecules decreases with the fraction of functional enzymes. Our analysis is extended to hypercyclic couplings as an example for catalytic networks.
After trauma, articular cartilage often does not heal due to incomplete bonding of the fractured surfaces. In this study we investigated the ability of chemical cross-linkers to facilitate bonding of articular cartilage, either alone or in combination with a pre-treatment with surface-degrading agents. Articular cartilage blocks were harvested from the femoropatellar groove of bovine calves. Two cartilage blocks, either after pre-treatment or without, were assembled in a custom-designed chamber in partial apposition and subjected to cross-linking treatment. Subsequently, bonding of cartilage was measured as adhesive strength, that is, the maximum force at rupture of bonded cartilage blocks divided by the overlap area. In a first approach, bonding was investigated after treatment with cross-linking reagents only, employing glutaraldehyde, 1-ethyl-3diaminopropyl-carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), genipin, or transglutaminase. Experiments were conducted with or without compression of the opposing surfaces. Compression during cross-linking strongly enhanced bonding, especially when applying EDC/NHS and glutaraldehyde. Therefore, all further experiments were performed under compressive conditions. Combinations of each of the four cross-linking agents with the degrading pretreatments, pepsin, trypsin, and guanidine, led to distinct improvements in bonding compared to the use of cross-linkers alone. The highest values of adhesive strength were achieved employing combinations of pepsin or guanidine with EDC/NHS, and guanidine with glutaraldehyde. The release of extracellular matrix components, that is, glycosaminoglycans and total collagen, from cartilage blocks after pre-treatment was measured, but could not be directly correlated to the determined adhesive strength. Cytotoxicity was determined for all substances employed, that is, surface degrading agents and cross-linkers, using the resazurin assay. Taking the favourable cell vitality after treatment with pepsin and EDC/NHS and the cytotoxic effects of guanidine and glutaraldehyde into account, the combination of pepsin and EDC/NHS appeared to be the most advantageous treatment in this study. In conclusion, bonding of articular cartilage blocks was achieved by chemical fixation of their surface components using cross-linking reagents. Application of compressive forces and prior modulation of surface structures enhanced cartilage bonding significantly. Enzymatic treatment in combination with cross-linkers may represent a promising addition to current techniques for articular cartilage repair.
Medizinische Fakultät - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 05/19
The deposition amyloid β peptide in the brains of patients is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease and is thought to play a major pathogenetic role in the development of the demential symptoms of this severe illness. The amyloid β peptide is generated from the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) by cleavage of the “β-site APP-cleaving enzyme” (BACE) followed by cleavage of the "gamma-secretase”. Whereas it has recently been discovered that the gamma-secretase is a multi-protein complex, it has not yet been investigated whether under native conditions, BACE functions in association with other proteins. The present work thus studied BACE by means of blue native gel electrophoresis and found that native BACE has a molecular weight of 140 kDa, whereas BACE under denaturing conditions has a molecular weight of 70 kDa which is only half of its native mass. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments with differently tagged full-length BACE constructs subsequently showed that this higher molecular weight species of BACE corresponds to a BACE homodimer. In contrast, a BACE ectodomain, lacking the C-terminus and the transmembrane domain, is a monomer. A consecutive domain analysis revealed that both the C-terminus and the transmembrane domain of BACE are dispensable for dimerization. In line with this, it could be shown that the ectodomain of BACE can dimerize if it is attached to the membrane by a GPI anchor. In terms of the cellular localization of the dimerization process, it could furthermore be demonstrated that retention of BACE in the ER by addition of a KKXX-motif does not prevent dimerization. This suggests that dimerization can occur prior to full maturation of BACE which takes place in the Golgi apparatus. In addition, kinetic analyses of the purified native BACE dimer revealed a higher affinity and turnover rate for an APP-like substrate in comparison to the monomeric soluble BACE ectodomain. This suggests a putative function of dimerization in improving enzymatic efficiency. The implication of these findings for our understanding of the Amyloid-β synthesis as well as for a putatively alternative therapeutic strategy are discussed.
Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 02/06
Dense collagen implants were developed which can be easily manufactured by extrusion at room temperature without the need of organic solvents. The physicochemical properties (matrix surface pattern, apparent matrix density, melting temperatures and swelling behavior) of the collagen materials and matrices were investigated. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficients of water inside the collagen devices (5.76*E-02cm²/h) and of various FITC dextrans in solution (e.g. FITC dextran 70: 2.4*E-03cm²/h) were determined by PFG-NMR and FCS, respectively. The developed collagen devices were used to investigate the enzymatic collagen matrix degradation and the release of higher molecular weight drugs, e.g. proteins. Several processes, i.e. diffusion, swelling and erosion, contribute to the overall release profile from collagen devices. Since it was desired to obtain a delivery system which controls release mainly by erosion, insoluble collagen type I materials were used to enhance the resistance against enzymatic attack. Besides this, collagen was physically or chemically cross-linked in some experiments to further restrict collagen digestion and drug delivery. It was shown that model compounds like BSA or FITC dextran 20, 70 and 150, respectively, could be incorporated and that their delivery could be controlled by the used collagen matrix material, e.g. animal source or cross-linking degree, the matrix dimensions (length or diameter of the extrudates), the molecular weight of the incorporated model compound and the drug load. The in vitro release of FITC dextrans and BSA was investigated and delivery of 80% model drug was in the range between 7h and 5d. Comparsion of the in vitro and the in vivo release (monitored in adult domestic pigs) of BSA was made by ESR. Similar results were obtained and it was shown that the mechanism of release changed from mainly diffusion towards erosion control by increasing the degree of matrix cross-linking. The degradation of insoluble collagen type I by bacterial collagenase was studied in detail to gain further insights into the enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen. In contrast to a simple Michaelis-Menten kinetic, adsorption of collagenase onto the substrate surface plays an important role. Based on the obtained in vitro results a mathematical model was developed to describe drug release from collagen matrices undergoing enzymatic degradation. Equations for the collagen degradation and the drug release were implemented, adsorption and diffusion phenomena were incorporated and a mixture of experimentally determined and fitted parameters was used to feed the model. Good correlation between experimental and simulated data was found. Histological evaluations demonstrated that the developed minirods showed good biocompatibility, with only minor inflammation reactions and normal tissue remodeling. This emphasized the assumption that collagen extrudates could be used in vivo without surgical removal after drug depletion.
A microsomal cytochrome P-450-NADPH dependent enzyme which hydroxylates stereo- and regiospecifically carbon atom 14 of (S)- -N- methyltetrahydroprotoberberines has been discovered in a number of plant cell cultures originating from species containing protopine alkaloids; the monooxygenase was solubilized, partially purified (100-fold) and characterized.
Thu, 1 Jan 1987 12:00:00 +0100 http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3627/ http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3627/1/3627.pdf Rüffer, Martina; Zenk, Meinhart H. Rüffer, Martina und Zenk, Meinhart H. (1987): Distant precursors of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and their enzymatic formation. In: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, Vol. 42c: pp. 319-332. Chemie und
Vaccinia virus-infected cells were treated enzymatically to remove H-2 antigenic sites. The effect of this procedure on virus-specific cell-mediated cytolysis (CMC) and virus-specific antibody-mediated cytolysis (AMC) was tested. Due to the inhibition of cellular proteinsynthesis by the vaccinia virus infection, H-2 antigenic sites were not resynthesized while there was a continuous production of viral surface antigens. These cells with a high concentration of viral surface antigens and decreased H-2 determinants could be used as targets in the virus specific AMC. But they were not lysed in the virus specific CMC which emphasizes the significance of H-2 antigens during recognition of virus-specific determinants by T cells.
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