Podcast appearances and mentions of Bartley J Madden

The process of obtaining FDA approval for a new drug costs an estimated $1.8 billion and can take up to 15 years. What's more, only a small percentage of drugs that undergo human clinical trials are approved.  To address this, Bartley J Madden, Research Fellow at the Madden Center for Value Creation at Florida Atlantic University, USA, has developed a free to choose medicine (FTCM) model that is currently being considered by US Congress.Read more in Research outreach Read the original research: econjwatch.org/science-on-fda-liberalization

Value for customers is the purpose of all entrepreneurial business. Firms big and small must know, follow, and adhere to the principles of value creation. This is pragmatic not theoretical — the consequence of a failure to do so is that the firm cannot survive. Bartley J. Madden studied value creating firms as a co-founder of a successful investment research firm and then managing director of Credit Suisse HOLT. He is now an independent researcher and founder of the Madden Center For Value Creation in the College of Business at Florida Atlantic University. He joins the Economics For Business podcast and shared a summary of a lifetime of research. Knowledge Capsule A systems thinking approach provides the best route to understanding value creation. The business firm is a sub-system within a bigger system, that of society. The effectiveness of the firm is tied to organizational learning and the evolution of dynamic capabilities. Bart Madden's pragmatic theory of the firm treats it as a holistic system with a well-defined purpose. If it is successful in achieving its purpose, it will benefit the larger societal system. The purpose of the firm is a four-fold composition of mutually reinforcing goals. Sometimes, the business literature is guilty of treating purpose as a PR statement, a catchphrase that can be communicated without it necessarily governing the firm's behavior. Bart Madden's view of purpose demonstrates much greater depth, appropriate for complex systems management. Purpose is 4-fold: A vision of the value that can be realized by customers, and that can inspire and motivate employees to work for a firm committed to ethical behavior and making the world a better place through customer value. [[{"fid":"137418","view_mode":"image_no_caption","fields":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 1","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""},"type":"media","field_deltas":{"1":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 1","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""}},"attributes":{"alt":"Example 1","class":"media-element file-image-no-caption media-wysiwyg-align-center","data-delta":"1"}}]] Customers consume value by experiencing it in their interactions and relationships with the firm. The customer's experience is dynamic within their own system of competitive offerings and alternative choices.Survive and prosper through continual gains in efficiency and sustained innovation. These are long term performance variables that depend directly on a firm's knowledge-building proficiency. A firm must generate a return that is greater than the cost of capital, and as it matures, this return can be eroded away by competitors who offer lower prices or different features to customers. Building knowledge and translating it into new business capabilities is critical for long-term survival. [[{"fid":"137419","view_mode":"image_no_caption","fields":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 2","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""},"type":"media","field_deltas":{"2":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 2","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""}},"attributes":{"alt":"Example 2","class":"media-element file-image-no-caption media-wysiwyg-align-center","data-delta":"2"}}]]Work continuously to sustain win-win relationships in every direction. Relationships with customers are primary for value creation, and relationships with employees and managers must generate the understanding, motivation and commitment to delivering customer value, while relationships with suppliers, collaborating firms and other partners must result in their best support for value creation. It's a way of living and doing business that engenders trust all around. Shareholders are also rewarded as a consequence of these relationships.Take care of future generations. The long-term view of the pragmatic theory of the firm as a system within the bigger system of society emphasizes thoughtful concern for the future, so that return on capital can be sustained. Paying attention to minimizing waste in the earliest product and service design stages can serve the future, and this includes minimizing pollution (a form of waste) and reducing harm to the environment.[[{"fid":"137421","view_mode":"image_no_caption","fields":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 3","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""},"type":"media","field_deltas":{"4":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 3","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""}},"attributes":{"alt":"Example 3","class":"media-element file-image-no-caption media-wysiwyg-align-center","data-delta":"4"}}]] A firm that is successful in achieving its four-part purpose benefits customers, employees, partners, suppliers and shareholders, as well as society at large. Nurturing and sustaining a knowledge-building culture is the most critical driver of long-term performance. Knowledge-building is a continuous loop: Knowledge base, purposes and worldview: Every firm has a knowledge base that determines current perceptions or current worldview, which includes ideas and beliefs and assumptions about interacting with the world. Perceptions: We see the world through our perceptions and construct our reality that way. We may be self-assured about some favorite ideas about the obvious way to proceed, but we may be proven wrong via future learning. Purposeful actions and consequences: With its purpose in mind, the firm takes actions, and each action has consequences, which may or may not have been anticipated. Feedback: Learning from actions and their consequences is consumed as feedback, a critical component of the knowledge-building loop. The knowledge base changes as a result of this learning. An existing assumption may be replaced. Humility is important when traversing the knowledge-building loop. New understanding and new perceptions: As a result of feedback and learning we may be able to evaluate our assumptions differently and perceive the world in a new and more accurate way. It's hard to be skeptical about our own strongly held beliefs, and therefore a cultural commitment to experimentation — the kind that's capable of revealing obsolete assumptions — is necessary. Knowledge-building stems from firm culture. Knowledge-building proficiency is a culture which views everyone in the firm as a value creator and a knowledge worker who can continuously improve their own problem-solving skills. This, in turn, motivates all employees since they can take great satisfaction from their jobs. One of the errors of the traditional command-and-control management structure is that it assumes the smartest people are “higher up”, and it takes decision-making away from those closest to the customer and to the most relevant knowledge. The higher-ups set short-term targets for the employees, which is inconsistent with treating individuals as learners and value creators. Knowledge-building occurs, and must be nurtured, at every layer of the firm. The correct view — and the correct measurement — of firm performance is the life cycle. All firms traverse an inevitable life cycle. Bartley J. Madden's books and research picture it this way. [[{"fid":"137423","view_mode":"image_no_caption","fields":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"The Competitive Life Cycle View of the Firm","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""},"type":"media","field_deltas":{"6":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"The Competitive Life Cycle View of the Firm","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""}},"attributes":{"alt":"The Competitive Life Cycle View of the Firm","class":"media-element file-image-no-caption media-wysiwyg-align-center","data-delta":"6"}}]] During a period of high innovation, economic returns are high, and firms can reinvest at a high rate. This inevitably fades as competitors erode the advantage. In maturity the returns approach the cost of capital, and the business model may fade to the point where it fails to make the long-term cost of capital. That's why firms must always be investing in long term new innovation projects for continuous refreshment and to repeat the high return stage. They must demonstrate to investors a skill in making these high return long term investments. The stock price is an appraisal of this skill. [[{"fid":"137422","view_mode":"image_no_caption","fields":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 4","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""},"type":"media","field_deltas":{"5":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 4","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""}},"attributes":{"alt":"Example 4","class":"media-element file-image-no-caption media-wysiwyg-align-center","data-delta":"5"}}]] The life cycle components are the long-term cost of capital, the return on capital that results from knowledge-building proficiency, the fade rate and the reinvestment rate. The metrics of firm performance are those related to the life cycle. Additional Resources The Pragmatic Theory of The Firm and The Knowledge-Building Loop (PDF): Mises.org/E4B_199_PDF Books by Bartley J. Madden: Value Creation Principles: The Pragmatic Theory of the Firm Begins with Purpose and Ends with Sustainable Capitalism: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book1Value Creation Thinking: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book2CFROI Valuation: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book3Reconstructing Your Worldview: The Four Core Beliefs You Need to Solve Complex Business Problems: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book4 Paper: "Bet on innovation, not Environmental, Social and Governance metrics, to lead the Net Zero transition" by Bartley J. Madden (PDF): Mises.org/E4B_199_Paper Good Strategy Bad Strategy: The Difference and Why It Matters by Richard Rumelt: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book5 Plain Talk: Lessons From A Business Maverick by Ken Iverson: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book6

Value for customers is the purpose of all entrepreneurial business. Firms big and small must know, follow, and adhere to the principles of value creation. This is pragmatic not theoretical — the consequence of a failure to do so is that the firm cannot survive. Bartley J. Madden studied value creating firms as a co-founder of a successful investment research firm and then managing director of Credit Suisse HOLT. He is now an independent researcher and founder of the Madden Center For Value Creation in the College of Business at Florida Atlantic University. He joins the Economics For Business podcast and shared a summary of a lifetime of research. Knowledge Capsule A systems thinking approach provides the best route to understanding value creation. The business firm is a sub-system within a bigger system, that of society. The effectiveness of the firm is tied to organizational learning and the evolution of dynamic capabilities. Bart Madden's pragmatic theory of the firm treats it as a holistic system with a well-defined purpose. If it is successful in achieving its purpose, it will benefit the larger societal system. The purpose of the firm is a four-fold composition of mutually reinforcing goals. Sometimes, the business literature is guilty of treating purpose as a PR statement, a catchphrase that can be communicated without it necessarily governing the firm's behavior. Bart Madden's view of purpose demonstrates much greater depth, appropriate for complex systems management. Purpose is 4-fold: A vision of the value that can be realized by customers, and that can inspire and motivate employees to work for a firm committed to ethical behavior and making the world a better place through customer value. [[{"fid":"137418","view_mode":"image_no_caption","fields":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 1","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""},"type":"media","field_deltas":{"1":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 1","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""}},"attributes":{"alt":"Example 1","class":"media-element file-image-no-caption media-wysiwyg-align-center","data-delta":"1"}}]] Customers consume value by experiencing it in their interactions and relationships with the firm. The customer's experience is dynamic within their own system of competitive offerings and alternative choices.Survive and prosper through continual gains in efficiency and sustained innovation. These are long term performance variables that depend directly on a firm's knowledge-building proficiency. A firm must generate a return that is greater than the cost of capital, and as it matures, this return can be eroded away by competitors who offer lower prices or different features to customers. Building knowledge and translating it into new business capabilities is critical for long-term survival. [[{"fid":"137419","view_mode":"image_no_caption","fields":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 2","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""},"type":"media","field_deltas":{"2":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 2","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""}},"attributes":{"alt":"Example 2","class":"media-element file-image-no-caption media-wysiwyg-align-center","data-delta":"2"}}]]Work continuously to sustain win-win relationships in every direction. Relationships with customers are primary for value creation, and relationships with employees and managers must generate the understanding, motivation and commitment to delivering customer value, while relationships with suppliers, collaborating firms and other partners must result in their best support for value creation. It's a way of living and doing business that engenders trust all around. Shareholders are also rewarded as a consequence of these relationships.Take care of future generations. The long-term view of the pragmatic theory of the firm as a system within the bigger system of society emphasizes thoughtful concern for the future, so that return on capital can be sustained. Paying attention to minimizing waste in the earliest product and service design stages can serve the future, and this includes minimizing pollution (a form of waste) and reducing harm to the environment.[[{"fid":"137421","view_mode":"image_no_caption","fields":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 3","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""},"type":"media","field_deltas":{"4":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 3","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""}},"attributes":{"alt":"Example 3","class":"media-element file-image-no-caption media-wysiwyg-align-center","data-delta":"4"}}]] A firm that is successful in achieving its four-part purpose benefits customers, employees, partners, suppliers and shareholders, as well as society at large. Nurturing and sustaining a knowledge-building culture is the most critical driver of long-term performance. Knowledge-building is a continuous loop: Knowledge base, purposes and worldview: Every firm has a knowledge base that determines current perceptions or current worldview, which includes ideas and beliefs and assumptions about interacting with the world. Perceptions: We see the world through our perceptions and construct our reality that way. We may be self-assured about some favorite ideas about the obvious way to proceed, but we may be proven wrong via future learning. Purposeful actions and consequences: With its purpose in mind, the firm takes actions, and each action has consequences, which may or may not have been anticipated. Feedback: Learning from actions and their consequences is consumed as feedback, a critical component of the knowledge-building loop. The knowledge base changes as a result of this learning. An existing assumption may be replaced. Humility is important when traversing the knowledge-building loop. New understanding and new perceptions: As a result of feedback and learning we may be able to evaluate our assumptions differently and perceive the world in a new and more accurate way. It's hard to be skeptical about our own strongly held beliefs, and therefore a cultural commitment to experimentation — the kind that's capable of revealing obsolete assumptions — is necessary. Knowledge-building stems from firm culture. Knowledge-building proficiency is a culture which views everyone in the firm as a value creator and a knowledge worker who can continuously improve their own problem-solving skills. This, in turn, motivates all employees since they can take great satisfaction from their jobs. One of the errors of the traditional command-and-control management structure is that it assumes the smartest people are “higher up”, and it takes decision-making away from those closest to the customer and to the most relevant knowledge. The higher-ups set short-term targets for the employees, which is inconsistent with treating individuals as learners and value creators. Knowledge-building occurs, and must be nurtured, at every layer of the firm. The correct view — and the correct measurement — of firm performance is the life cycle. All firms traverse an inevitable life cycle. Bartley J. Madden's books and research picture it this way. [[{"fid":"137423","view_mode":"image_no_caption","fields":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"The Competitive Life Cycle View of the Firm","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""},"type":"media","field_deltas":{"6":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"The Competitive Life Cycle View of the Firm","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""}},"attributes":{"alt":"The Competitive Life Cycle View of the Firm","class":"media-element file-image-no-caption media-wysiwyg-align-center","data-delta":"6"}}]] During a period of high innovation, economic returns are high, and firms can reinvest at a high rate. This inevitably fades as competitors erode the advantage. In maturity the returns approach the cost of capital, and the business model may fade to the point where it fails to make the long-term cost of capital. That's why firms must always be investing in long term new innovation projects for continuous refreshment and to repeat the high return stage. They must demonstrate to investors a skill in making these high return long term investments. The stock price is an appraisal of this skill. [[{"fid":"137422","view_mode":"image_no_caption","fields":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 4","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""},"type":"media","field_deltas":{"5":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 4","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""}},"attributes":{"alt":"Example 4","class":"media-element file-image-no-caption media-wysiwyg-align-center","data-delta":"5"}}]] The life cycle components are the long-term cost of capital, the return on capital that results from knowledge-building proficiency, the fade rate and the reinvestment rate. The metrics of firm performance are those related to the life cycle. Additional Resources The Pragmatic Theory of The Firm and The Knowledge-Building Loop (PDF): Mises.org/E4B_199_PDF Books by Bartley J. Madden: Value Creation Principles: The Pragmatic Theory of the Firm Begins with Purpose and Ends with Sustainable Capitalism: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book1Value Creation Thinking: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book2CFROI Valuation: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book3Reconstructing Your Worldview: The Four Core Beliefs You Need to Solve Complex Business Problems: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book4 Paper: "Bet on innovation, not Environmental, Social and Governance metrics, to lead the Net Zero transition" by Bartley J. Madden (PDF): Mises.org/E4B_199_Paper Good Strategy Bad Strategy: The Difference and Why It Matters by Richard Rumelt: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book5 Plain Talk: Lessons From A Business Maverick by Ken Iverson: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book6

Value for customers is the purpose of all entrepreneurial business. Firms big and small must know, follow, and adhere to the principles of value creation. This is pragmatic not theoretical — the consequence of a failure to do so is that the firm cannot survive. Bartley J. Madden studied value creating firms as a co-founder of a successful investment research firm and then managing director of Credit Suisse HOLT. He is now an independent researcher and founder of the Madden Center For Value Creation in the College of Business at Florida Atlantic University. He joins the Economics For Business podcast and shared a summary of a lifetime of research. Knowledge Capsule A systems thinking approach provides the best route to understanding value creation. The business firm is a sub-system within a bigger system, that of society. The effectiveness of the firm is tied to organizational learning and the evolution of dynamic capabilities. Bart Madden's pragmatic theory of the firm treats it as a holistic system with a well-defined purpose. If it is successful in achieving its purpose, it will benefit the larger societal system. The purpose of the firm is a four-fold composition of mutually reinforcing goals. Sometimes, the business literature is guilty of treating purpose as a PR statement, a catchphrase that can be communicated without it necessarily governing the firm's behavior. Bart Madden's view of purpose demonstrates much greater depth, appropriate for complex systems management. Purpose is 4-fold: A vision of the value that can be realized by customers, and that can inspire and motivate employees to work for a firm committed to ethical behavior and making the world a better place through customer value. [[{"fid":"137418","view_mode":"image_no_caption","fields":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 1","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""},"type":"media","field_deltas":{"1":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 1","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""}},"attributes":{"alt":"Example 1","class":"media-element file-image-no-caption media-wysiwyg-align-center","data-delta":"1"}}]] Customers consume value by experiencing it in their interactions and relationships with the firm. The customer's experience is dynamic within their own system of competitive offerings and alternative choices.Survive and prosper through continual gains in efficiency and sustained innovation. These are long term performance variables that depend directly on a firm's knowledge-building proficiency. A firm must generate a return that is greater than the cost of capital, and as it matures, this return can be eroded away by competitors who offer lower prices or different features to customers. Building knowledge and translating it into new business capabilities is critical for long-term survival. [[{"fid":"137419","view_mode":"image_no_caption","fields":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 2","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""},"type":"media","field_deltas":{"2":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 2","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""}},"attributes":{"alt":"Example 2","class":"media-element file-image-no-caption media-wysiwyg-align-center","data-delta":"2"}}]]Work continuously to sustain win-win relationships in every direction. Relationships with customers are primary for value creation, and relationships with employees and managers must generate the understanding, motivation and commitment to delivering customer value, while relationships with suppliers, collaborating firms and other partners must result in their best support for value creation. It's a way of living and doing business that engenders trust all around. Shareholders are also rewarded as a consequence of these relationships.Take care of future generations. The long-term view of the pragmatic theory of the firm as a system within the bigger system of society emphasizes thoughtful concern for the future, so that return on capital can be sustained. Paying attention to minimizing waste in the earliest product and service design stages can serve the future, and this includes minimizing pollution (a form of waste) and reducing harm to the environment.[[{"fid":"137421","view_mode":"image_no_caption","fields":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 3","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""},"type":"media","field_deltas":{"4":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 3","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""}},"attributes":{"alt":"Example 3","class":"media-element file-image-no-caption media-wysiwyg-align-center","data-delta":"4"}}]] A firm that is successful in achieving its four-part purpose benefits customers, employees, partners, suppliers and shareholders, as well as society at large. Nurturing and sustaining a knowledge-building culture is the most critical driver of long-term performance. Knowledge-building is a continuous loop: Knowledge base, purposes and worldview: Every firm has a knowledge base that determines current perceptions or current worldview, which includes ideas and beliefs and assumptions about interacting with the world. Perceptions: We see the world through our perceptions and construct our reality that way. We may be self-assured about some favorite ideas about the obvious way to proceed, but we may be proven wrong via future learning. Purposeful actions and consequences: With its purpose in mind, the firm takes actions, and each action has consequences, which may or may not have been anticipated. Feedback: Learning from actions and their consequences is consumed as feedback, a critical component of the knowledge-building loop. The knowledge base changes as a result of this learning. An existing assumption may be replaced. Humility is important when traversing the knowledge-building loop. New understanding and new perceptions: As a result of feedback and learning we may be able to evaluate our assumptions differently and perceive the world in a new and more accurate way. It's hard to be skeptical about our own strongly held beliefs, and therefore a cultural commitment to experimentation — the kind that's capable of revealing obsolete assumptions — is necessary. Knowledge-building stems from firm culture. Knowledge-building proficiency is a culture which views everyone in the firm as a value creator and a knowledge worker who can continuously improve their own problem-solving skills. This, in turn, motivates all employees since they can take great satisfaction from their jobs. One of the errors of the traditional command-and-control management structure is that it assumes the smartest people are “higher up”, and it takes decision-making away from those closest to the customer and to the most relevant knowledge. The higher-ups set short-term targets for the employees, which is inconsistent with treating individuals as learners and value creators. Knowledge-building occurs, and must be nurtured, at every layer of the firm. The correct view — and the correct measurement — of firm performance is the life cycle. All firms traverse an inevitable life cycle. Bartley J. Madden's books and research picture it this way. [[{"fid":"137423","view_mode":"image_no_caption","fields":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"The Competitive Life Cycle View of the Firm","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""},"type":"media","field_deltas":{"6":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"The Competitive Life Cycle View of the Firm","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""}},"attributes":{"alt":"The Competitive Life Cycle View of the Firm","class":"media-element file-image-no-caption media-wysiwyg-align-center","data-delta":"6"}}]] During a period of high innovation, economic returns are high, and firms can reinvest at a high rate. This inevitably fades as competitors erode the advantage. In maturity the returns approach the cost of capital, and the business model may fade to the point where it fails to make the long-term cost of capital. That's why firms must always be investing in long term new innovation projects for continuous refreshment and to repeat the high return stage. They must demonstrate to investors a skill in making these high return long term investments. The stock price is an appraisal of this skill. [[{"fid":"137422","view_mode":"image_no_caption","fields":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 4","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""},"type":"media","field_deltas":{"5":{"format":"image_no_caption","alignment":"center","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Example 4","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false,"field_caption_text[und][0][value]":"","field_image_file_link[und][0][value]":""}},"attributes":{"alt":"Example 4","class":"media-element file-image-no-caption media-wysiwyg-align-center","data-delta":"5"}}]] The life cycle components are the long-term cost of capital, the return on capital that results from knowledge-building proficiency, the fade rate and the reinvestment rate. The metrics of firm performance are those related to the life cycle. Additional Resources The Pragmatic Theory of The Firm and The Knowledge-Building Loop (PDF): Mises.org/E4B_199_PDF Books by Bartley J. Madden: Value Creation Principles: The Pragmatic Theory of the Firm Begins with Purpose and Ends with Sustainable Capitalism: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book1Value Creation Thinking: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book2CFROI Valuation: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book3Reconstructing Your Worldview: The Four Core Beliefs You Need to Solve Complex Business Problems: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book4 Paper: "Bet on innovation, not Environmental, Social and Governance metrics, to lead the Net Zero transition" by Bartley J. Madden (PDF): Mises.org/E4B_199_Paper Good Strategy Bad Strategy: The Difference and Why It Matters by Richard Rumelt: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book5 Plain Talk: Lessons From A Business Maverick by Ken Iverson: Mises.org/E4B_199_Book6

In this week's episode, David is off and Bill Wirtz, host of the ConsEUmer Podcast and Senior Policy Analyst at the Consumer Choice Center, sits in. -The US should not copy-paste the EU's agricultural rules -China's tech industry is being destroyed from within -What it's like at a casino in Luxemburg https://journal.lu/en/press-play INTERVIEW: Ashley Baker (@andashleysays) – Director of Public Policy, The Committee for Justice What is the goal of antitrust? https://pairagraph.com/dialogue/fcc700e3d2f4485a8789b46d566d6c7a/1 When the progressives and the conservatives agree on regulating big companies The new FTC chair Lina Kahn and what she represents Biden's executive order on competition and consumers, and how it will weaponize antitrust INTERVIEW: Bartley J. Madden – An independent researcher and author, Madden retired as a managing director of Credit Suisse Holt after a career in money management and investment research that included the founding of Callard Madden & Associates. His work in public policy has resulted in the Free To Choose Medicine plan, which was developed in journal articles published in Regulation, Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals, Medical Hypotheses, and Engage. Promising legislation that will help supercharge the FDA Free to choose medicine and its success in Japan Reciprocity as a beginning, but we must go further The success of quickly implementing vaccines shows the FDA can be nimble, but we need it at all times, not just in an emergency There are great outcomes from doctors experimenting using their judgment and open-sourcing their data The status quo is far too costly and risks lives as it is Optimism on getting the FDA up to speed Boosting the Return on Investment is vital for new medicines Broadcast on 29. July 2021  Radio: http://sauga960am.ca Radio: http://bigtalkerfm.com  Website: http://consumerchoiceradio.com ***PODCAST***  Apple: http://apple.co/2G7avA8  Spotify: http://spoti.fi/3iXIKIS  Produced by the Consumer Choice Center. Support the show: http://consumerchoicecenter.org/donate See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Alex Tabarrok is Bartley J. Madden Chair in Economics at the Mercatus Center and a professor of economics at George Mason University. Along with Tyler Cowen, he is the co-author of the popular economics blog Marginal Revolution and co-founder of Marginal Revolution University. He is the author of numerous academic papers in the fields of law and economics, criminology, regulatory policy, voting theory and other areas in political economy. He is co-author with Tyler of Modern Principles of Economics, a widely used introductory textbook. He gave a TED talk in 2009. His articles have appeared in the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Wall Street Journal, and many other publications. It is not an exaggeration to say that he and Tyler Cowen wield an enormous influence over the intellectual discourse today in America, and especially amongst the Silicon Valley entrepreneurs.

Alex Tabarrok joins Anirudh Burman to discuss if the existing law on patents is affecting India’s ability to vaccinate its citizens. As India battles a devastating second wave of Covid-19, many advocate for a waiver of intellectual property rights on coronavirus vaccines. However, some argue that this might be an incomplete solution; on its own, a TRIPS waiver would do little to alleviate the problem. In this episode, we understand the logic behind the proposal for the TRIPS waiver, and what must be done to globally increase vaccine supplies. Alex Tabarrok holds the Bartley J. Madden Chair in Economics at the Mercatus Center and is a professor of economics at George Mason University. Anirudh Burman is an associate fellow at Carnegie India. References:Patents are Not the Problem! by Alex TabarrokPatent Theory versus Patent Law by Alex TabarrokTo Help India, Biden Must Unclog the Vaccine Supply Chains by Rudra ChaudhuriWhat Is Happening to India’s COVID-19 Vaccine Program? by Arjun Kang Joseph

Consumer Choice Radio, hosted by Yaël Ossowski (@YaelOss) & David Clement (@ClementLiberty). INTERVIEW: Bartley J. Madden – An independent researcher and author, Madden retired as a managing director of Credit Suisse Holt after a career in money management and investment research that included the founding of Callard Madden & Associates. His work in public policy has resulted in the Free To Choose Medicine plan, which was developed in journal articles published in Regulation, Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals, Medical Hypotheses, and Engage. AB5 soon overturned? July 4 and Holiday Lifestyle Regulations Airlines Won't Refund Flights Broadcast on The Big Talker 106.7 WFBT FM on July 4, 2020. Website: consumerchoiceradio.com Apple: podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/consumer-choice-radio/id1494241613 Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/0jcFISTwalBmpOgMKHrweC Support the show: http://consumerchoicecenter.org/donate

Alex Tabarrok is Bartley J. Madden Chair in Economics at the Mercatus Center and a professor of economics at George Mason University. Along with Tyler Cowen, he is the co-author of the popular economics blog Marginal Revolution and co-founder of Marginal Revolution University. He is the author of numerous academic papers in the fields of […]

Alex Tabarrok is a professor of economics at George Mason University and holds the Bartley J. Madden Chair in Economics at the Mercatus Center. Alex has written widely on long run economic growth and joins the show today to talk about it. David and Alex also discuss how capital relates to economic growth, the impact of regulation on dynamism, and the important distinction between “catch-up” and “cutting edge” growth.   Transcript for the episode: https://www.mercatus.org/bridge/podcasts/09092019/alex-tabarrok-elements-economic-growth-and-decline-dynamism   Alex’s Twitter: @ATabarrok Alex’s Mercatus profile: https://asp.mercatus.org/alexander-tabarrok Alex and Tyler’s blog: https://marginalrevolution.com/   Related Links:   *Modern Principles of Economics* by Alex Tabarrok and Tyler Cowen https://www.macmillanlearning.com/college/us/product/Loose-leaf--Version-for--Modern-Principles-of-Economics-4E--FlipIt-for-Survey-of-Economics-Six-Months-Access-4E-Online/p/131909872X   *Is Regulation to Blame for the Decline in American Entrepreneurship?* by Alex Tabarrok and Nathan Goldschlag https://academic.oup.com/economicpolicy/article/33/93/5/4833996   *Population Growth and Technological Change: One Million B.C. to 1990* by Michael Kremer https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/~walker/wp/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/kremer1993.pdf   *Why are the Prices so Damn High?* by Alex Tabarrok and Eric Helland https://www.mercatus.org/publications/healthcare/why-are-prices-so-damn-high   *The Value of Health and Longevity* by Kevin Murphy and Robert Topel https://www.nber.org/papers/w11405   David’s blog: macromarketmusings.blogspot.com David’s Twitter: @DavidBeckworth

What really drives the long-term success of a business? Is it all about profit? We look at the data in regards to what companies last and grow.   Send me your questions or comments about anything: craig@businessphilosophypodcast.com   Links mentioned:   F.A. Hayek's The Road to Serfdom on Amazon Henry Hazlitt's Economics in One Lesson Value Creation Thinking by Bartley J. Madden on Amazon   More Info and Updates: https://businessphilosophypodcast.com

About the Guest Alex Tabarrok holds the Bartley J. Madden Chair in Economics at the Mercatus Center and is a professor of economics at George Mason University. Paper Discussed “” by Shruti Rajagopalan and Alexander Tabarrok, in Cities and Private Planning: Property Rights, Entrepreneurship and Transaction Costs, eds. David Emanuel Andersson and Stefano Moroni Books by the Guest  (with David Beito and Peter Gordon) Guest’s Website Guest’s Twitter Guest’s Blog Related Episode  It’s Happening: Seasteading — Liberty Through Floating Cities (Joe Quirk) Special Offers Learn from Tom on the go at ! Discover the history and economics they didn’t teach you, from professors you can trust and in courses you can listen to anywhere. Take 30% off a year’s subscription with coupon code SHOW (all caps).  to get your copy of my free eBook: 14 Hard Questions for Libertarians — Answered!