Podcasts about planetesimals

We're experimenting and would love to hear from you!In this episode of 'Discover Daily', we explore groundbreaking developments in AI, cryptocurrency regulation, and early universe water formation. AI startup Anthropic has reached a staggering $61.5 billion valuation after closing a $3.5 billion funding round, showcasing impressive growth with an annual recurring revenue of $800 million. The company's latest AI model, Claude 3.7 Sonnet, introduces innovative 'hybrid reasoning' capabilities, pushing the boundaries of artificial intelligence.The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has made a landmark decision, declaring that meme coins generally do not constitute securities under federal law. This significant shift in cryptocurrency regulation has far-reaching implications for the industry, though it comes with important caveats and has sparked debate among regulators.Our main story delves into a revolutionary study published in Nature Astronomy, suggesting that water may have first formed in the universe just 100 to 200 million years after the Big Bang. This discovery challenges our understanding of cosmic evolution and implies that conditions for life may have existed far earlier than previously thought. The research opens up exciting new avenues for investigating the potential for early habitable environments and the emergence of life in the universe.From Perplexity's Discover Feed:https://www.perplexity.ai/page/anthropic-reaches-61-5b-valuat-goxeBd89TI6.SXIGLTUGUQ https://www.perplexity.ai/page/sec-says-meme-coins-are-not-se-yn4ZON0XRmyFivwgjKtRuQhttps://www.perplexity.ai/page/early-universe-may-have-had-wa-fUgTawHmSWGvtriYXLndsA**Introducing Perplexity Deep Research:**https://www.perplexity.ai/hub/blog/introducing-perplexity-deep-research Perplexity is the fastest and most powerful way to search the web. Perplexity crawls the web and curates the most relevant and up-to-date sources (from academic papers to Reddit threads) to create the perfect response to any question or topic you're interested in. Take the world's knowledge with you anywhere. Available on iOS and Android Join our growing Discord community for the latest updates and exclusive content. Follow us on: Instagram Threads X (Twitter) YouTube Linkedin

Konstantin Batygin is Professor of Planetary Science in the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences at the California Institute of Technology, where he works on a wide variety of problems related to the formation and evolution of the solar system, the dynamical evolution of exoplanets, and physical processes that occur in planetary interiors and atmospheres. In this episode, Robinson and Konstantin discuss interstellar interlopers in our solar system, planet and satellite formation, the death of Pluto, Planet Nine, and the newest music from his band, The Seventh Season. Konstantin's Twitter: https://twitter.com/kbatygin Konstantin's Website: https://www.konstantinbatygin.com/ The Seventh Season: https://theseventhseason.band/ OUTLINE 00:00 In This Episode… 00:37 Introduction 03:56 Konstantin's Background 07:53 Was Oumuamua an Alien Spacecraft? 16:17 Planetesimals, Planet Formation, and the Size of the Solar System 25:15 Are there Extrasolar Objects in our Solar System? 35:06 How do Planets Form? 48:54 Is Our Solar System Falling Apart? 54:46 How Do Moons Form? 01:04:20 The Complexity of the Outer Solar System 01:07:12 The Death of Pluto 01:17:21 What and Where Is Planet Nine? 01:41:59 The Seventh Season Robinson's Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University. Join him in conversations with philosophers, scientists, weightlifters, artists, and everyone in-between.  --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/robinson-erhardt/support

Formation of Lunar Basins from Impacts of Leftover Planetesimals by David Nesvorny et al. on Tuesday 22 November The Moon holds important clues to the early evolution of the Solar System. Some 50 impact basins (crater diameter D>300 km) have been recognized on the lunar surface, implying that the early impact flux was much higher than it is now. The basin-forming impactors were suspected to be asteroids released from an inner extension of the main belt (1.8-2.0 au). Here we show that most impactors were instead rocky planetesimals left behind at 0.5-1.5 au after the terrestrial planet accretion. The number of basins expected from impacts of leftover planetesimals largely exceeds the number of known lunar basins, suggesting that the first 200 Myr of impacts is not recorded on the lunar surface. The Imbrium basin formation (age 3.92 Gyr; impactor diameter d~100 km) occurs with a 15-35% probability in our model. Imbrium must have formed unusually late to have only two smaller basins (Orientale and Schrodinger) forming afterwards. The model predicts 20 d>10-km impacts on the Earth 2.5-3.5 Gyr ago (Ga), which is comparable to the number of known spherule beds in the late Archean. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.10478v1

Formation of Lunar Basins from Impacts of Leftover Planetesimals by David Nesvorny et al. on Tuesday 22 November The Moon holds important clues to the early evolution of the Solar System. Some 50 impact basins (crater diameter D>300 km) have been recognized on the lunar surface, implying that the early impact flux was much higher than it is now. The basin-forming impactors were suspected to be asteroids released from an inner extension of the main belt (1.8-2.0 au). Here we show that most impactors were instead rocky planetesimals left behind at 0.5-1.5 au after the terrestrial planet accretion. The number of basins expected from impacts of leftover planetesimals largely exceeds the number of known lunar basins, suggesting that the first 200 Myr of impacts is not recorded on the lunar surface. The Imbrium basin formation (age 3.92 Gyr; impactor diameter d~100 km) occurs with a 15-35% probability in our model. Imbrium must have formed unusually late to have only two smaller basins (Orientale and Schrodinger) forming afterwards. The model predicts 20 d>10-km impacts on the Earth 2.5-3.5 Gyr ago (Ga), which is comparable to the number of known spherule beds in the late Archean. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.10478v1

Formation of Lunar Basins from Impacts of Leftover Planetesimals by David Nesvorny et al. on Monday 21 November The Moon holds important clues to the early evolution of the Solar System. Some 50 impact basins (crater diameter D>300 km) have been recognized on the lunar surface, implying that the early impact flux was much higher than it is now. The basin-forming impactors were suspected to be asteroids released from an inner extension of the main belt (1.8-2.0 au). Here we show that most impactors were instead rocky planetesimals left behind at 0.5-1.5 au after the terrestrial planet accretion. The number of basins expected from impacts of leftover planetesimals largely exceeds the number of known lunar basins, suggesting that the first 200 Myr of impacts is not recorded on the lunar surface. The Imbrium basin formation (age 3.92 Gyr; impactor diameter d~100 km) occurs with a 15-35% probability in our model. Imbrium must have formed unusually late to have only two smaller basins (Orientale and Schrodinger) forming afterwards. The model predicts 20 d>10-km impacts on the Earth 2.5-3.5 Gyr ago (Ga), which is comparable to the number of known spherule beds in the late Archean. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.10478v1

Formation of Lunar Basins from Impacts of Leftover Planetesimals by David Nesvorny et al. on Monday 21 November The Moon holds important clues to the early evolution of the Solar System. Some 50 impact basins (crater diameter D>300 km) have been recognized on the lunar surface, implying that the early impact flux was much higher than it is now. The basin-forming impactors were suspected to be asteroids released from an inner extension of the main belt (1.8-2.0 au). Here we show that most impactors were instead rocky planetesimals left behind at 0.5-1.5 au after the terrestrial planet accretion. The number of basins expected from impacts of leftover planetesimals largely exceeds the number of known lunar basins, suggesting that the first 200 Myr of impacts is not recorded on the lunar surface. The Imbrium basin formation (age 3.92 Gyr; impactor diameter d~100 km) occurs with a 15-35% probability in our model. Imbrium must have formed unusually late to have only two smaller basins (Orientale and Schrodinger) forming afterwards. The model predicts 20 d>10-km impacts on the Earth 2.5-3.5 Gyr ago (Ga), which is comparable to the number of known spherule beds in the late Archean. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.10478v1

Sulfuric acid as a cryofluid and oxygen isotope reservoir of planetesimals by Akihiko Hashimoto et al. on Sunday 11 September The Sun exhibits a depletion in $^{17,18}$O relative to $^{16}$O by 6 % compared to the Earth and Moon$^{1}$. The origin of such a non-mass-dependent isotope fractionation has been extensively debated since the three-isotope-analysis$^{2}$ became available in 1970's. Self-shielding$^{3,4}$ of CO molecules against UV photons in the solar system's parent molecular cloud has been suggested as a source of the non-mass-dependent effect, in which a $^{17,18}$O-enriched oxygen was trapped by ice and selectively incorporated as water into planet-forming materials$^{5}$. The truth is that the Earth-Moon and other planetary objects deviate positively from the Sun by ~6 % in their isotopic compositions. A stunning exception is the magnetite/sulfide symplectite found in Acfer 094 meteorite, which shows 24 % enrichment in $^{17,18}$O relative to the Sun$^{6}$. Water does not explain the enrichment this high. Here we show that the SO and SO$_2$ molecules in the molecular cloud, ~106 % enriched in $^{17,18}$O relative to the Sun, evolved through the protoplanetary disk and planetesimal stages to become a sulfuric acid, 24 % enriched in $^{17,18}$O. The sulfuric acid provided a cryofluid environment in the planetesimal and by itself reacted with ferric iron to form an amorphous ferric-hydroxysulfate-hydrate, which eventually decomposed into the symplectite by shock. We indicate that the Acfer-094 symplectite and its progenitor, sulfuric acid, is strongly coupled with the material evolution in the solar system since the days of our molecular cloud. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2209.04255v1

Sulfuric acid as a cryofluid and oxygen isotope reservoir of planetesimals by Akihiko Hashimoto et al. on Sunday 11 September The Sun exhibits a depletion in $^{17,18}$O relative to $^{16}$O by 6 % compared to the Earth and Moon$^{1}$. The origin of such a non-mass-dependent isotope fractionation has been extensively debated since the three-isotope-analysis$^{2}$ became available in 1970's. Self-shielding$^{3,4}$ of CO molecules against UV photons in the solar system's parent molecular cloud has been suggested as a source of the non-mass-dependent effect, in which a $^{17,18}$O-enriched oxygen was trapped by ice and selectively incorporated as water into planet-forming materials$^{5}$. The truth is that the Earth-Moon and other planetary objects deviate positively from the Sun by ~6 % in their isotopic compositions. A stunning exception is the magnetite/sulfide symplectite found in Acfer 094 meteorite, which shows 24 % enrichment in $^{17,18}$O relative to the Sun$^{6}$. Water does not explain the enrichment this high. Here we show that the SO and SO$_2$ molecules in the molecular cloud, ~106 % enriched in $^{17,18}$O relative to the Sun, evolved through the protoplanetary disk and planetesimal stages to become a sulfuric acid, 24 % enriched in $^{17,18}$O. The sulfuric acid provided a cryofluid environment in the planetesimal and by itself reacted with ferric iron to form an amorphous ferric-hydroxysulfate-hydrate, which eventually decomposed into the symplectite by shock. We indicate that the Acfer-094 symplectite and its progenitor, sulfuric acid, is strongly coupled with the material evolution in the solar system since the days of our molecular cloud. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2209.04255v1

A recent paper examined data from NASA's Juno mission and found that Jupiter's atmosphere not only contains metals but also is not a homogenous mix. The likely culprits are the remains of planetesimals from the early solar system. Plus, a Voyager update, a new Mercury image, sulfur residue on Europa, and a review of “For All Mankind”.   We've added a new way to donate to 365 Days of Astronomy to support editing, hosting, and production costs.  Just visit: https://www.patreon.com/365DaysOfAstronomy and donate as much as you can! Share the podcast with your friends and send the Patreon link to them too!  Every bit helps! Thank you! ------------------------------------ Do go visit http://www.redbubble.com/people/CosmoQuestX/shop for cool Astronomy Cast and CosmoQuest t-shirts, coffee mugs and other awesomeness! http://cosmoquest.org/Donate This show is made possible through your donations.  Thank you! (Haven't donated? It's not too late! Just click!) ------------------------------------ The 365 Days of Astronomy Podcast is produced by the Planetary Science Institute. http://www.psi.edu Visit us on the web at 365DaysOfAstronomy.org or email us at info@365DaysOfAstronomy.org.

Implications of Jupiter Inward Gas-Driven Migration for the Inner Solar System by Rogerio Deienno et al. on Thursday 01 September The migration history of Jupiter in the sun's natal disk remains poorly constrained. Here we consider how Jupiter's migration affects small-body reservoirs and how this constrains its original orbital distance from the Sun. We study the implications of large-scale and inward radial migration of Jupiter for the inner solar system while considering the effects of collisional evolution of planetesimals. We use analytical prescriptions to simulate the growth and migration of Jupiter in the gas disk. We assume the existence of a planetesimal disk inside Jupiter's initial orbit. This planetesimal disk received an initial total mass and size-frequency distribution (SFD). Planetesimals feel the effects of aerodynamic gas drag and collide with one another, mostly while shepherded by the migrating Jupiter. Our main goal is to measure the amount of mass in planetesimals implanted into the main asteroid belt (MAB) and the SFD of the implanted population. We also monitor the amount of dust produced during planetesimal collisions. We find that the SFD of the planetesimal population implanted into the MAB tends to resemble that of the original planetesimal population interior to Jupiter. We also find that unless very little or no mass existed between 5 au and Jupiter's original orbit, it would be difficult to reconcile the current low mass of the MAB with the possibility that Jupiter migrated from distances beyond 15 au. This is because the fraction of the original disk mass that gets implanted into the MAB is very large. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results in terms of dust production to the so-called NC-CC isotopic dichotomy. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2208.14970v1

Implications of Jupiter Inward Gas-Driven Migration for the Inner Solar System by Rogerio Deienno et al. on Thursday 01 September The migration history of Jupiter in the sun's natal disk remains poorly constrained. Here we consider how Jupiter's migration affects small-body reservoirs and how this constrains its original orbital distance from the Sun. We study the implications of large-scale and inward radial migration of Jupiter for the inner solar system while considering the effects of collisional evolution of planetesimals. We use analytical prescriptions to simulate the growth and migration of Jupiter in the gas disk. We assume the existence of a planetesimal disk inside Jupiter's initial orbit. This planetesimal disk received an initial total mass and size-frequency distribution (SFD). Planetesimals feel the effects of aerodynamic gas drag and collide with one another, mostly while shepherded by the migrating Jupiter. Our main goal is to measure the amount of mass in planetesimals implanted into the main asteroid belt (MAB) and the SFD of the implanted population. We also monitor the amount of dust produced during planetesimal collisions. We find that the SFD of the planetesimal population implanted into the MAB tends to resemble that of the original planetesimal population interior to Jupiter. We also find that unless very little or no mass existed between 5 au and Jupiter's original orbit, it would be difficult to reconcile the current low mass of the MAB with the possibility that Jupiter migrated from distances beyond 15 au. This is because the fraction of the original disk mass that gets implanted into the MAB is very large. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results in terms of dust production to the so-called NC-CC isotopic dichotomy. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2208.14970v1

A recent paper examined data from NASA's Juno mission and found that Jupiter's atmosphere not only contains metals but also is not a homogenous mix. The likely culprits are the remains of planetesimals from the early solar system. Plus, a Voyager update, a new Mercury image, sulfur residue on Europa, and a review of “For All Mankind”.

Learn about what's going on with the new COVID-19 variants — and whether you should worry about them — with Dr. Syra Madad, nationally recognized epidemiologist and the senior director of the pathogens program at NYC Health and Hospitals. Then, learn about a new theory on how our planets formed.  Additional resources from Dr. Syra Madad and #ConqueringCOVID: Official website https://scty.org/syra  Follow @SyraMadad on Twitter https://twitter.com/syramadad  The Vaccine: Conquering COVID https://press.discovery.com/us/sci/programs/vaccine-conquering-covid/  Start your 7-day free trial of discovery+ https://discoveryplus.com/curiosity  New theory on how our planets formed by Grant Currin How our planets were formed. (2021). Ethz.ch. https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2021/01/how-our-planets-were-formed.html  ‌Lichtenberg, T., Dra̧żkowskaJ., Schönbächler, M., Golabek, G. J., & Hands, T. O. (2021). Bifurcation of planetary building blocks during Solar System formation. Science, 371(6527), 365–370. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb3091  Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Learn about where the water on Earth might have come from; the surprising history of the pretzel, including the monk who invented it; words you probably didn't know are named after people; and where “runner's high” comes from, and whether it's genetic. Please leave us a 5-star rating on our Amazon Alexa Flash Briefing! We really appreciate it! Anyone with an Amazon account can do it. In this podcast, Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer discuss the following stories from Curiosity.com to help you get smarter and learn something new in just a few minutes: How Did Earth Get All This Water? Pretzels Got Their Characteristic Shape Thanks to a Catholic Monk Bet You Didn't Know These 10 Words Were Named After People Alexa Flash Briefing (Please leave us a 5-star review!) Please tell us about yourself and help us improve the show by taking our listener survey! https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/curiosity-listener-survey If you love our show and you're interested in hearing full-length interviews, then please consider supporting us on Patreon. You'll get exclusive episodes and access to our archives as soon as you become a Patron! Learn about these topics and more onCuriosity.com, and download our5-star app for Android and iOS. Then, join the conversation onFacebook,Twitter, andInstagram. Plus: Amazon smart speaker users, enable ourAlexa Flash Briefing to learn something new in just a few minutes every day! See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

NASA's Dawn spacecraft turned science fiction into science fact by using ion propulsion to explore the two largest bodies in the main asteroid belt, Vesta and Ceres.

NASA's Dawn spacecraft turned science fiction into science fact by using ion propulsion to explore the two largest bodies in the main asteroid belt, Vesta and Ceres.

Be sure to connect with me on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. Check out the links below and hit me up with any questions or feedback! Facebook (https://m.facebook.com/thespaceshot/) Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/johnmulnix/) Twitter (https://twitter.com/johnmulnix) Episode Links: (Dawn Mission Page- NASA)[https://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/] (Dawn 10th Anniversary Post- Dawn Journal)[https://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/journal0927_17.html] (Dawn, Mission to the Asteroid Belt- Narrated by Leonard Nimoy)[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ObsViTRT18] (Reaction Wheel Failure Details)[https://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/journal0524_17.html#23] (More 10th Anniversary Coverage)[https://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/status_2017.html] (Dawn Timeline & Trajectory)[https://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/timeline_trajectory.html] (Vesta)[https://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/science/vesta.html] (Ceres)[https://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/science/ceres.html] (Herschel Telescope Detects Water on Dwarf Planet)[https://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/HerschelTelescopeDetectsWaterCeres.html] (Dawn Spacecraft and Instruments)[https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/dawn/spacecraft/index.html]

Hesse, M (University of Texas at Austin) Friday 19th February 2016 - 09:00 to 10:00

The first Lobanov-Rostovsky Lecture in Planetary Geology delivered by Professor Linda T. Elkins-Tanton.

The first Lobanov-Rostovsky Lecture in Planetary Geology delivered by Professor Linda T. Elkins-Tanton.