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On the morning of Thursday the 11th of December 2008, two FBI agents knocked on the door of a penthouse apartment on Manhattan's Upper East Side. The man who answered the door was 70 years old, silver-haired, and one of the most respected figures on Wall Street. His name was Bernard Lawrence Madoff. He had served as chairman of the NASDAQ stock exchange. He had advised the Securities and Exchange Commission on trading regulation. He ran an investment firm that managed money for celebrities, royalty, universities, and Holocaust survivors' foundations. When the FBI agents asked whether there was an innocent explanation for what he was about to be asked, Madoff replied: there is no innocent explanation. Over the previous 17 years, and possibly longer, he had operated the largest Ponzi scheme in the history of the world. It had defrauded his clients of approximately $65 billion. It had wiped out charities. It had bankrupted pension funds. It had led to at least two of his victims taking their own lives, and it would eventually lead to the death of his own son. The story of how one man, sitting behind a desk on the 17th floor of a Manhattan office block, fabricated 17 years of financial statements from nothing, and how the entire American financial regulatory system failed to catch him despite being told, in writing, exactly what he was doing.Become a Patreon or Apple + subscriber now for ealry and ad free access from as little as $1.69 a week. All the details hereSubscribe to Crime at Bedtimes Youtube channel HERE Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

What makes women collision shop owners uniquely successful, and why can those same strengths make it harder to step away from the business?In this episode, Matt DiFrancesco is joined by Hannah Chalker, High Lift Financial's Director of Client Success, to discuss the unique challenges women face when building, leading, and eventually transitioning their collision repair businesses.From carrying the culture of the shop to managing the "invisible work" that often goes unnoticed, Hannah explains why many women become indispensable to their businesses and what it takes to create a company that can thrive without them.Matt and Hannah also talk about:(01:31) Operator vs. Owner: Why every woman shop owner must make the shift(02:22) Why women become the heart and soul of their collision repair business(03:27) Can your business survive without you? The question every owner must answer(05:57) Why emotional leadership is one of your greatest business strengths(06:23) The invisible work that's keeping your business running(09:54) How to turn awareness into action with a transition plan(10:13) Why clarity should come before strategy(10:51) How family dynamics can shape your business transition(11:37) The succession conversation that many families avoid(12:51) Why women often take a more thoughtful approach to succession planning(13:31) Fair vs. Equal: The family business conversation that matters most(16:32) How the High Lift Method helps women shop owners transition with confidence(20:58) Why every exit plan needs a customized roadmap(24:26) Why it's never too early to start planning your exit(26:29) Why asking for help is a sign of strong leadership(29:55) The advice every woman shop owner needsConnect With Hannah ChalkerWebsite:https://highliftfinancial.com/Email: hannah@highliftfin.comConnect With Matt DiFrancesco:matt@highliftfin.com(814)201-5855LinkedIn: Matt DiFrancescoLinkedIn: High Lift FinancialFacebook: High Lift Financial Instagram: @high_lift_financialYouTube: @highliftfinancialAbout the guest:Hannah Chalker is the Director of Client Success and Exit Planning Advisor at HighLift Financial, where she helps collision repair business owners build stronger, more valuable companies through strategic financial and exit planning. Working alongside Matt DiFrancesco, Hannah leads client success and value growth engagements with a special passion for supporting women collision shop owners as they navigate the unique challenges of leadership, succession planning, and building businesses that can thrive beyond their ownership.As a Certified Exit Planning Advisor (CEPA) and Certified Value Growth Advisor (CVGA), Hannah brings clarity and structure to every stage of the transition process. She helps owners align their personal and financial goals, increase the value of their businesses, protect the legacy they've worked so hard to build, and confidently prepare for what's next.Disclaimer:All information is obtained from sources deemed reliable, but not guaranteed. No tax or legal advice is given nor intended. Content provided herein or on our website should not be construed as an offer for investment advice or for securities, insurance, or other investment products. Investments involve the risk of loss and are not guaranteed. Consult a qualified legal, tax, accounting, or financial professional before implementing any investments or strategies discussed here.High Lift Financial is a DBA for DiFrancesco Financial Concierge, LLC.  Investment advisory services are provided through Cornerstone Planning Group, LLC, an independent advisory firm registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

For nearly three decades, He has helped Southern California families plan for complex financial goals — building retirement income, protecting what they've earned, managing taxes, and passing on what matters to the people they love.Since 1997, Jon has worked with hundreds of individuals, families, and business owners to build and execute comprehensive retirement income plans. I've guided clients through two major economic downturns, and those experiences shaped the cornerstone of my practice: preserving capital comes first. Growth matters, but in retirement, what you keep matters more.His approach is holistic. He looks at the financial house from every angle — wealth management, retirement income, tax planning, Medicare and IRMAA exposure, Social Security timing, and legacy — because these pieces don't work in isolation, and neither should your plan. Trust review and trust planning are a core part of that work: he regularly helps families make sure their trusts still reflect their wishes, their assets, and current law — not the circumstances of a decade ago. And as an IRMAA Certified Planner, Jon pays particular attention to a cost most retirees never see coming: Medicare premium surcharges that can quietly drain tens of thousands from a retirement over time.Jon is a graduate of UCLA and began his career at Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, followed by Citi Personal Wealth Management and NettWorth Financial Group, before founding his own firm. That path — from Wall Street institutions to independent practice — was deliberate. Independence means his recommendations answer to people's goals, not a product shelf.Away from the office, Jon is a husband and father of three. His wife, an attorney, and I built our family the same way he helps clients build their retirements: with hard work, discipline, and a long view. Watching their kids grow into their own success is a daily reminder of why this work matters — a well-built plan isn't just about them. It's about everyone who comes after them.Whether they're just beginning to think about retirement or need a second opinion on an existing plan, He'll take the time to understand their unique situation and give them straight answers.Jon L. Bowles is an investment adviser representative with Secure Investment Management and holds California Insurance License #0C88392.Learn more: http://www.jlbfinanciallegacyplanning.com/Secure Investment Management, LLC (“SIM”) is an investment adviser registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Registration as an investment adviser does not imply a certain level of skill or training. Our Form ADV disclosure documents are available upon request or on the SEC's Investment Adviser Public Disclosure website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.Influential Entrepreneurs with Mike Saundershttps://businessinnovatorsradio.com/influential-entrepreneurs-with-mike-saunders/Source: https://businessinnovatorsradio.com/interview-with-jon-bowles-founder-of-jlb-financial

For nearly three decades, He has helped Southern California families plan for complex financial goals — building retirement income, protecting what they've earned, managing taxes, and passing on what matters to the people they love.Since 1997, Jon has worked with hundreds of individuals, families, and business owners to build and execute comprehensive retirement income plans. I've guided clients through two major economic downturns, and those experiences shaped the cornerstone of my practice: preserving capital comes first. Growth matters, but in retirement, what you keep matters more.His approach is holistic. He looks at the financial house from every angle — wealth management, retirement income, tax planning, Medicare and IRMAA exposure, Social Security timing, and legacy — because these pieces don't work in isolation, and neither should your plan. Trust review and trust planning are a core part of that work: he regularly helps families make sure their trusts still reflect their wishes, their assets, and current law — not the circumstances of a decade ago. And as an IRMAA Certified Planner, Jon pays particular attention to a cost most retirees never see coming: Medicare premium surcharges that can quietly drain tens of thousands from a retirement over time.Jon is a graduate of UCLA and began his career at Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, followed by Citi Personal Wealth Management and NettWorth Financial Group, before founding his own firm. That path — from Wall Street institutions to independent practice — was deliberate. Independence means his recommendations answer to people's goals, not a product shelf.Away from the office, Jon is a husband and father of three. His wife, an attorney, and I built our family the same way he helps clients build their retirements: with hard work, discipline, and a long view. Watching their kids grow into their own success is a daily reminder of why this work matters — a well-built plan isn't just about them. It's about everyone who comes after them.Whether they're just beginning to think about retirement or need a second opinion on an existing plan, He'll take the time to understand their unique situation and give them straight answers.Jon L. Bowles is an investment adviser representative with Secure Investment Management and holds California Insurance License #0C88392.Learn more: http://www.jlbfinanciallegacyplanning.com/Secure Investment Management, LLC (“SIM”) is an investment adviser registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Registration as an investment adviser does not imply a certain level of skill or training. Our Form ADV disclosure documents are available upon request or on the SEC's Investment Adviser Public Disclosure website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.Influential Entrepreneurs with Mike Saundershttps://businessinnovatorsradio.com/influential-entrepreneurs-with-mike-saunders/Source: https://businessinnovatorsradio.com/interview-with-jon-bowles-founder-of-jlb-financial

Alex Thorn talks with Lucas Tcheyan (Galaxy Research) about compute, AI, and GPU financial markets. Alex also talks with Beimnet Abebe (Galaxy Trading) about CPI, rates, equities, and bitcoin. Participants, along with Galaxy Digital, hold a financial interest in Bitcoin (BTC). Galaxy regularly engages in buying and selling BTC, including hedging transactions, for its own proprietary accounts and on behalf of its counterparties. Galaxy also provides services to vehicles that invest in BTC.  If the value of such assets increases, those vehicles may benefit, and Galaxy's service fees may increase accordingly. The valuation in this communication is based on technical, fundamental, and market analysis and not on any formal valuation method. For more information, please refer to Galaxy's public filings and statements. Cryptocurrencies, including BTC, are inherently volatile and risky and ultimate market movements may not align with this statement.   For additional risks related to digital assets, please refer to the risk factors contained in filings Galaxy Digital Inc. makes with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) from time to time, including its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, available at www.sec.gov. This episode was recorded on Wednesday, July 15, 2026. ++ Follow us on Twitter, @glxyresearch, and read our research at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.galaxy.com/research/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to learn more! This podcast, and the information contained herein, has been provided to you by Galaxy Digital Holdings LP and its affiliates (“Galaxy Digital”) solely for informational purposes. View the full disclaimer at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.galaxy.com/disclaimer-galaxy-brains-podcast/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

The sudden death of Senator Lindsey Graham will likely impact the upcoming congressional agenda. In the latest episode of Potomac Perspective, Stifel Chief Washington Policy Strategist Brian Gardner and co-host Neil Shapiro explain why budget matters may be most affected. Plus, Democrats shoot down a defense bill in protest over the war in Iran and why New York is temporarily pulling the plug on AT data center construction. This material is prepared by the Washington Policy Strategy Group of Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated (“Stifel”). This material is for informational purposes only and is not an offer or solicitation to purchase or sell any security or instrument or to participate in any trading strategy discussed herein. The information contained is taken from sources believed to be reliable, but is not guaranteed by Stifel as to accuracy or completeness. The opinions expressed are those of the Washington Policy Strategy Group and may differ from those of other departments that produce similar material and are current as of the date of this publication and are subject to change without notice. Past performance is not necessarily a guide to future performance. Stifel does not provide accounting, tax, or legal advice and clients are advised to consult with their accounting, tax, or legal advisors prior to making any investment decision. Additional information is available upon request. Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated is a broker-dealer registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and is a member SIPC & NYSE. ©2026See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Is the Federal Reserve’s New Shake-Up Good or Bad for Your Retirement Income? By Tom Dupree, Founder, Dupree Financial Group Short answer: it’s genuinely both, and which one matters more depends on whether your retirement income is built to keep pace with rising costs. New Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh has launched a formal, five-part review of how the Fed operates — covering everything from how it talks to markets, to how it collects the inflation data that moves interest rates, to whether artificial intelligence is quietly reshaping the economy in ways the old playbook never anticipated. On this week’s episode of The Financial Hour, James Dupree, Mike Johnson, and Michael Dawahare sat in to break down what this shake-up actually means — and, more importantly, what it means for anyone relying on their portfolio to produce real, spendable income in retirement. Key Takeaways A new Fed chair is auditing the Fed itself — five task forces are reassessing communications, the balance sheet, data quality, and the inflation target. The Fed’s own bond portfolio carries an unrealized loss in the hundreds of billions — proof that duration risk applies to everyone, including the Fed. AI is cutting both ways on inflation — boosting productivity in some areas, raising input costs like memory chips in others. A tariff-driven price bump and true monetary inflation are not the same thing, and the difference matters for how policymakers respond. Income that doesn’t grow — money markets, CDs, old bonds — quietly loses ground to rising costs every year it sits still. Who Is Kevin Warsh, and Why Is He Changing How the Fed Operates? Kevin Warsh has been a student of the Federal Reserve for most of his career, and one of his first moves as chair was to launch five task forces to reassess the institution’s core functions: communications, balance sheet policy, data quality, productivity and jobs (including AI), and the inflation framework itself. According to CNBC’s reporting on the review, the task forces are directed to start from first principles and question existing practice rather than simply fine-tune it — Brown Brothers Harriman strategist Scott Clemons described the approach as “regime change, but in a velvet glove.” The philosophy behind it is simple: stop, assess, and pivot where needed — the same discipline any well-run company applies when a board challenges management on why things are done a certain way. Warsh is asking the Fed to do that to itself, publicly, for the first time in a long time. What Did the Federal Reserve Get Wrong in 2008 and 2021? To understand why this review matters, it helps to look at the Fed’s actual track record. In 2006 and 2007, as the housing market was cracking, the Fed’s regional offices were on record saying there was no housing problem. There was. Then, in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, the Fed held interest rates near zero for over a decade — a policy commonly called ZIRP — creating what our team described on-air as a “wet blanket” over markets that made honest price discovery difficult. The more recent example is fresher: in 2021, as trillions in pandemic stimulus moved through the economy, the Fed described the resulting price increases as “transitory.” They weren’t. Prices rose at the fastest pace in decades, and by the time policy caught up, households had already absorbed the damage — a miss the current review is squarely aimed at preventing from happening again. Why Does the Fed Have a Balance Sheet Loss in the Hundreds of Billions? Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, System Open Market Account (SOMA) Annual Reports, 2022–2025. Here’s a detail that surprises a lot of listeners: the Fed itself is sitting on a large paper loss. During the zero-rate years, the Fed bought enormous quantities of bonds with very low coupon payments as part of a policy known as quantitative easing. When interest rates rose in 2022, the market value of those bonds fell — the same way any bond’s price falls when rates rise. According to the New York Fed’s own 2025 System Open Market Account report, the unrealized loss on the Fed’s securities portfolio stood at $844.2 billion at the end of 2025 — down from over $1 trillion the year before, but still historically enormous. The Fed can’t easily sell these bonds without disrupting the very bond market it’s trying to stabilize, so for now, it’s simply absorbing the loss. It’s a useful, if uncomfortable, reminder: interest rate risk doesn’t spare anyone — not even the institution that sets interest rates. The Reframe: What the Fed’s Own Mistake Teaches Retirees About Bonds Here’s the part of this story that doesn’t show up in the news coverage of Warsh’s review: the Fed’s $844 billion paper loss isn’t just a Washington curiosity. It’s a live demonstration of the exact risk that quietly erodes many retirement portfolios. The Fed bought long-duration bonds when rates were near zero, on the assumption that those rates — and the value of those bonds — would hold. They didn’t. If the most sophisticated balance sheet in the world can misjudge duration risk that badly, it’s worth asking whether a retirement plan built around the same assumption — that a fixed-rate bond bought today will still meet your needs in ten or fifteen years — is really as safe as it feels. A bond doesn’t know what a gallon of milk costs in 2035. It just pays what it promised to pay in the year you bought it. This is precisely why our firm’s approach leans on dividend-paying, financially strong companies rather than a bond-heavy “set it and forget it” allocation. A healthy company’s board can raise its dividend as costs rise — a bond’s coupon is frozen the day you buy it. The Fed just proved, at a scale of nearly a trillion dollars, what happens when income doesn’t adjust to a changing rate environment. Retirees don’t have the option of just holding to maturity and calling the loss “unrealized.” That gap has to show up somewhere in a household budget. Is Artificial Intelligence Good or Bad for the Economy? One of Warsh’s five task forces is specifically looking at how AI affects productivity and jobs, and our hosts see it as a genuinely mixed picture. On one hand, AI is already making certain kinds of work dramatically more efficient; our hosts pointed to real examples of complex technical projects being completed in a fraction of the time they used to take. Historically, technology has tended to be deflationary — it lowers the cost of producing things over time. On the other hand, the buildout of AI infrastructure is pushing some costs up right now — memory chips being a clear example, which in turn affects the price of consumer electronics. So the net effect on inflation isn’t a simple yes-or-no answer. It depends on which part of the economy you’re looking at, and over what timeframe. What’s the Difference Between a One-Time Price Increase and Real Inflation? This distinction came up repeatedly in the episode, and it matters more than it sounds. A tariff, for example, can raise the price of a specific good once — that’s a one-time adjustment, not ongoing inflation. True inflation, by contrast, is a monetary phenomenon: more money in the system chasing the same amount of goods and services, which pushes prices up broadly and persistently. Our hosts noted that both the current Fed and Treasury leadership seem comfortable with modest inflation as long as wages are rising faster — a meaningfully different posture than in years past, and one that, if it holds, could support the kind of broader economic growth the country hasn’t consistently seen since before the 2008 financial crisis. How Can Retirees Protect Their Income From Inflation? This is where the conversation gets most practical for anyone at or near retirement. Money markets, CDs, and bonds purchased years ago don’t adjust for rising costs — the income they produce today is the same as it was when you bought them, even as your expenses climb. That’s not a flaw in those tools; it’s simply not what they’re designed to do. An income approach built around dividend-paying, financially strong companies works differently. When the underlying businesses are healthy, they have the ability to grow their dividend payments over time — even during flat or difficult markets — because a board’s decision to raise a dividend is separate from where the stock market happens to be on any given day. That’s the mechanism our team described as the foundation of an inflation-aware retirement income strategy: income with the potential to rise, rather than income that’s frozen in place. Frequently Asked Questions Is a little inflation actually a good thing? Fed and Treasury leadership have signaled comfort with modest inflation as long as wages are rising at a faster rate. The concern isn’t inflation existing at all — it’s inflation outpacing the income people rely on to cover their expenses. Why did the Fed call 2021 inflation “transitory” when it clearly wasn’t? The Fed’s framework at the time treated the post-pandemic price spike as temporary, tied to supply chain disruptions expected to resolve quickly. Instead, inflation persisted and accelerated well into 2022, now viewed as one of the Fed’s most consequential misreadings. Does AI cause inflation or reduce it? Both, depending on where you look. AI-driven productivity gains tend to be deflationary over time, the way most technology has been historically. But the current buildout of AI infrastructure is pushing up costs in specific areas, like memory chips, in the near term. Why don’t bonds and CDs keep up with inflation? A bond or CD generally pays a fixed rate of interest set at the time of purchase. As the cost of living rises afterward, that fixed payment buys less — there’s no built-in mechanism for the income to grow along with your expenses, the same dynamic that produced the Fed’s own unrealized loss. What should I actually do if I’m worried my retirement income isn’t keeping pace? Start by getting a clear picture of what you currently own and what income it’s actually producing versus what your expenses look like today. A complimentary portfolio review is designed to give you exactly that picture, with no obligation attached. The Bottom Line The Fed rethinking its own playbook is genuinely good news — a clear-eyed institution is better than a defensive one. But the more useful question isn’t what Washington does next. It’s whether your own income is built to grow, or built to sit still while everything around it gets more expensive. That’s a question worth answering before the next rate cycle makes it more urgent, not after. Ready to See Whether Your Portfolio Can Keep Up? If you’re not sure whether your portfolio’s income is actually keeping up with what things cost these days, that’s exactly the kind of question a complimentary portfolio review is built to answer. No charge, no pressure — just an honest look at what you own and whether it’s working for you. Call 859-233-0400 or schedule your complimentary portfolio review. You can also listen to more episodes of The Financial Hour, and learn more about our fee-only, fiduciary approach on our About Us page. About Tom Dupree: Tom Dupree is the founder of Dupree Financial Group and a 47-year veteran of the investment business. He hosts The Financial Hour, covering the financial topics that matter most to retirees and those approaching retirement in plain English, without the Wall Street spin. Regulatory Disclaimer Dupree Financial Group is a Registered Investment Adviser (RIA) registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Registration does not imply a certain level of skill or training. The information presented here is for educational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice, a solicitation, or an offer to buy or sell any security. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Investing involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. 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Zach Jonson, chief investment officer at Stack Financial Management, says the stock market is  building towards "one of the biggest or largest bear markets of our generation," but he says that decline will impact passive, broad-index investors the most. "We see a true long-term, 12- to 18-month, 45 to 50 downturn, and that's in the S&P; if you look at the Nasdaq, you could really see some losses that are in excess of 70 percent," Jonson said. He's worried about a "bear market waterfall" — where every decline is not met with a quick return back to new highs — that makes it emotionally difficult for investors to buy into dips, but he does say that being patient and strategic should allow investors to find pockets of opportunity amid the decline, positioning them to profit when the pendulum swings back to the upside. Axel Merk, president and chief investment officer at Merk Investments, discusses Saba Capital's activist campaign that recently saw him booted as portfolio manager for ASA Gold and Precious Metals Ltd., a closed-end fund that was up nearly 200% last year and that was at the top of its peer group since Merk took it over in 2016. Still, the activist shareholders labeled it a poor performer, and are working now to capture the fund's discount. Meanwhile, Saba has installed new leadership which Merk says has no experience running a gold fund. He filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and made other efforts to save the fund, but acknowledges that a change in status is unlikely. Merk also discusses his outlook for gold in the interview. Adam Gebler, head of wealth for the Americas at FTSE Russell, discusses the firm's 2026 U.S. Wealth Pulse Survey, which showed that private markets — both equity and credit — are continuing to move into the mainstream with affluent investors, driven largely by financial advisers pushing for their adoption and acceptance in portfolios.

Axel Merk, President and Chief Investment Officer at Merk Investments, discusses Saba Capital's activist campaign that got him ousted as portfolio manager and president of ASA Gold and Precious Metals Ltd., a closed-end fund that was up nearly 200% last year but that still was branded with the label of being a "poor performer." Merk, who took over the closed end fund in 2016 and helped to nearly quadruple its assets in the last decade, says new management has no experience running a gold fund, and is only interested in narrowing the discount and generating fees for itself. He filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and made other efforts to save the fund, but says any form of salvation is unlikely at this point. He also discusses prospects for the gold market, which has cooled significantly this year.

In a special episode, Alex Thorn gives his views on all the major topics in crypto markets today. Has Bitcoin bottomed? How will we know when it has? Is Strategy a threat to Bitcoin markets? Did Strategy do the right thing this week? What about tokenized securities, stablecoins, the Ethereum Foundation? And what do the rise of prediction markets and perps say about Bitcoin's ethos? All of this and more in a rare solo episode from Alex. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Participants, along with Galaxy Digital, hold a financial interest in Bitcoin (BTC). Galaxy regularly engages in buying and selling BTC, including hedging transactions, for its own proprietary accounts and on behalf of its counterparties. Galaxy also provides services to vehicles that invest in BTC.  If the value of such assets increases, those vehicles may benefit, and Galaxy's service fees may increase accordingly. The valuation in this communication is based on technical, fundamental, and market analysis and not on any formal valuation method. For more information, please refer to Galaxy's public filings and statements. Cryptocurrencies, including BTC, are inherently volatile and risky and ultimate market movements may not align with this statement.   For additional risks related to digital assets, please refer to the risk factors contained in filings Galaxy Digital Inc. makes with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) from time to time, including its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, available at www.sec.gov. This episode was recorded on Wednesday, July 1st, 2026. ++ Follow us on Twitter, @glxyresearch, and read our research at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.galaxy.com/research/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to learn more! This podcast, and the information contained herein, has been provided to you by Galaxy Digital Holdings LP and its affiliates (“Galaxy Digital”) solely for informational purposes. View the full disclaimer at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.galaxy.com/disclaimer-galaxy-brains-podcast/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Today's top stories, with context, in just 15 minutes.On today's podcast:1) Oil fell for a third day as flows through the Strait of Hormuz climbed and there were signs of progress in indirect talks between the US and Iran. Brent for September traded below $71 a barrel, after sliding more than 3% in the previous two sessions, while West Texas Intermediate was around $68. Oil supply through the critical waterway has reached more than 10 million barrels a day, underscoring Tehran’s now-limited ability to halt shipping, a US official said, while President Donald Trump hailed progress in negotiations.2) The latest bout of volatility in technology stocks entered a second day, with chipmakers in South Korea bearing the brunt of the selling. The dollar fell and Treasuries wavered ahead of the June US payrolls report.Nasdaq 100 futures dipped 0.4% after semiconductors led Wall Street lower in the previous session. S&P 500 contracts were flat. Memory makers SK Hynix Inc. and Samsung Electronics Co. lost a combined $290 billion in value to drive a 7.9% slump in South Korea’s Kospi index. In Europe, the Stoxx 600 rose 0.5%, with technology among only three of the 20 index sectors to lose ground.3) The SEC is looking into Susquehanna International Group’s allegations that unknown insider traders made $100 million on options bets ahead of a recent Chinese regulatory crackdown on cross-border brokerages, according to a person familiar with the matter.Susquehanna went public with its claims in a lawsuit filed Monday in Manhattan federal court. The US Securities and Exchange Commission is examining the trades described in the market-making firm’s complaint, said the person, who asked not to be identified discussing the confidential probe.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Can independent collision repair shops still outperform the industry's biggest players? Kyle Bradshaw believes they can. The key is not getting bigger. It is becoming better through specialization, operational excellence, and intentional leadership.In this episode of Your Business, Your Life, Matt DiFrancesco sits down with Kyle Bradshaw, Director of Fixed Operations at K&M Collision and President of the Carolinas Collision Association, to discuss how independent shops can create a lasting competitive advantage. From building strong teams to creating systems that reduce owner dependency, Kyle shares practical strategies for long-term success.They also explore why every shop owner needs a plan beyond day-to-day operations. Whether your future includes passing the business to family, selling it, or simply stepping away, you'll learn why business continuity, succession planning, and preparing for life after the shop are essential to protecting your legacy.Matt and Kyle also talk about:(04:08) Why doing less can make your shop more successful(05:05) How specialization helps independent collision shops thrive(05:54) Why specialized shops can outperform large MSOs(07:08) How becoming known for one thing expands your market(08:14) What happens when you're always busy but never moving forward?(08:53) Why your business shouldn't depend on you(11:19) How intentional leadership builds a business that lasts(16:09) What makes family businesses succeed across generations?(19:13) How to plan your business transition before it's too late(19:46) Why waiting to plan your exit can cost you everything(22:39) What every shop owner should know before retiring(24:53) Why your identity should be bigger than your businessConnect With Kyle BradshawLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kyle-bradshaw-ab060520a/Website: https://kandmcollision.com/Email: kyle@kandmcollision.comConnect With Matt DiFrancesco:matt@highliftfin.com(814)201-5855LinkedIn: Matt DiFrancescoLinkedIn: High Lift FinancialFacebook: High Lift Financial Instagram: @high_lift_financialYouTube: @highliftfinancialAbout the guest:Kyle Bradshaw is a second-generation collision repair leader and Director of Fixed Operations at K & M Collision, where he has spent more than a decade driving operational excellence through customer-first strategies, efficient processes, and strong team development. A frequent speaker at industry events, Kyle has earned a reputation as a respected voice on the future of independent collision repair.As President of the Carolinas Collision Association, Kyle is passionate about advancing the industry through education, advocacy, and collaboration. His commitment to raising industry standards and helping repairers succeed is shaping the future of collision repair across the Carolinas and beyond.Disclaimer:All information is obtained from sources deemed reliable, but not guaranteed. No tax or legal advice is given nor intended. Content provided herein or on our website should not be construed as an offer for investment advice or for securities, insurance, or other investment products. Investments involve the risk of loss and are not guaranteed. Consult a qualified legal, tax, accounting, or financial professional before implementing any investments or strategies discussed here.High Lift Financial is a DBA for DiFrancesco Financial Concierge, LLC.  Investment advisory services are provided through Cornerstone Planning Group, LLC, an independent advisory firm registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Hour 4 continues with Taylor Riggs bringing a sharp economic lens to the headlines dominating the day. The conversation opens around the ongoing WNBA controversy involving Caitlin Clark, Sophie Cunningham, and Alyssa Thomas, where Riggs pushes back on league messaging and broader media reactions, while also acknowledging concerns about harassment crossing the line into threats that should be condemned outright rather than amplified. The discussion pivots into energy and inflation dynamics, with references to comments from Treasury officials like Scott Bessent and the political pressure around gasoline pricing. Riggs lays out a straightforward market argument: gas prices move with crude oil, competition at the pump is real, and most stations operate on tight margins where convenience store sales matter as much as fuel itself. She also warns that peak summer travel demand makes rapid price drops unlikely in the short term, even if crude softens. The segment widens into housing and tax policy in New York City, with Riggs reacting to investor concerns about taxation, property values, and capital flight—echoing sentiments from entrepreneur Marcus Lemonis about wealth moving to lower-tax states like Florida. The hour closes on a legal/political note, touching on a recent Supreme Court of the United States decision expanding executive control over agencies like the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, with Riggs stressing that while she generally favors smaller government, the real concern is how future administrations might wield that expanded authority.

Welcome back to the Alt Goes Mainstream podcast.We were live from iCapital Connect's conference in Phoenix, where we sat down with some of the industry's leaders across asset management and wealth management.Eric Muller is Portfolio Manager & Partner, CEO - BDCs for Oak Hill Advisors (OHA). Oak Hill, which was acquired by T. Rowe Price in December 2021, has $112B AUM across performing and distressed credit-related investments in North America, Europe and other geographies.Eric shares responsibility for leading OHA's private credit business and has primary management responsibility for OHA's BDCs. Prior to joining OHA in 2018, Mr. Muller worked in Goldman Sachs' Merchant Banking Division, where he was a Partner in the Private Credit Group, responsible for leading its private senior lending business in North America and managing vehicles that invested across the spectrum of the credit market. With credit on the minds of many, Eric provided a nuanced perspective on the current state of the credit markets and where to uncover both opportunity and risk in the market.Eric and I had a fascinating conversation about the current state of private credit. We discussed:How his experience in private equity has informed how he approaches credit investing.What are the risk / reward trade-offs in private credit?Why credit investors need to be pessimists.How LPs should evaluate private credit firms and why the ability to do workouts matters.How do private equity sponsors pick their credit partners?Why private credit firms might have higher recovery rates than liquid credit markets.How OHA's combination with T. Rowe Price has helped the firm productize for the wealth channel.What are misconceptions about private credit risk and liquidity?Where are the opportunities in liquid credit versus illiquid credit?Thanks, Eric, for sharing your wisdom, expertise, and passion for private credit and private markets.Show Notes00:00 Relative Value Lens00:11 A Message from Ultimus Fund Solutions01:08 Live at iCapital Connect01:46 Early Career at Goldman01:59 Mezzanine Fund Era02:23 GFC Timing Advantage02:51 Running Private Credit03:03 Joining Oak Hill04:15 PE Lessons for Credit04:30 Different Investor Questions04:56 Credit Risk Reward Mindset05:45 Optimistic Pessimist06:16 Downside With Right Tail06:47 Workouts and Distressed Skills08:02 Private vs Liquid Recoveries08:19 Aligned Lenders in Private08:54 Sponsor Relationships Matter09:22 Choosing the Right Partners10:46 Volatility Reveals Behavior11:22 Is Capital Commodity12:39 OHA Distressed DNA13:31 Crossroads of Markets14:26 Challenges of Unconstrained15:22 Risk Spectrum for LPs16:19 T Rowe Deal Rationale17:18 Democratizing Alts Access19:10 One Ticker Multi Strategy20:28 Liquidity Wrappers Tradeoffs21:49 Quasi Liquid Reality Check22:35 Liquid vs Illiquid Risk23:27 Diligence Questions for LPs24:33 Origination Edge and Speed26:19 Public-Private Financing Choice26:55 Alts in Target Date Funds28:41 Private Credit Misconceptions30:30 Closing ThoughtsA Word from Our Sponsor, UltimusThis episode of Alt Goes Mainstream is brought to you by Ultimus, the full-service fund administrator and transfer agent powering asset managers in private and public markets. As alts go mainstream, you need real expertise to handle complex fund structures, connect with key distribution partners, and handle sophisticated compliance, reporting, and transparency demands.That's Ultimus: high-tech, high-touch solutions for over 450 clients and 2,500 funds with $775B in assets under administration. Backed by an expert team of over 1,200 employees, they place client service at the core of their business, helping you navigate complexity during your fund structuring or launch and then supporting you through every stage of growth. Whether you're already in the market or thinking about entering private wealth, you can trust their team's deep expertise in retail alternatives to help you reach your goals.Learn more at ultimusfundsolutions.com or email info@ultimusfundsolutions.com.We thank Ultimus for their support of alts going mainstream.DisclosuresThe views expressed are the interviewee's, are subject to change without notice, and may differ from those of other T. Rowe Price associates.  Information and opinions are derived from proprietary and nonproprietary sources deemed to be reliable; the accuracy of those sources is not guaranteed. This material does not constitute a distribution, offer, invitation, recommendation, or solicitation to sell or buy any securities.  It does not constitute investment advice and should not be relied upon as such.  Investors should seek independent legal and financial advice, including advice as to tax consequences, before making any investment decision.Some or all alternative investments may not be suitable for certain investors. Alternative investments are typically speculative and involve a substantial degree of risk. Each fund and account may be leveraged and engage in other speculative practices that may increase the risk of investment loss. Investors must realize that they could lose all or a substantial amount of their investment. In addition, the fees and expenses charged may be higher than the fees and expenses of other investment alternatives, which will reduce profits. T. Rowe Price has $1.7T total assets under management and OHA has $112B assets under management as of March 31, 2026.In the United States, securities are offered through T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., a broker dealer, registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and a member of FINRA. Securities are offered through T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., and advisory services are offered by Oak Hill Advisors, L.P. OHA is a T. Rowe Price company. T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc. and Oak Hill Advisors, L.P. are affiliated. 5629822

Small Cap Breaking News You Can't Miss!Here's a quick rundown of the latest updates from standout small-cap companies making big moves today:NuRAN Wireless (CSE: NUR) (OTC PINK: NRRWF) (FSE: 1RN)The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission declared NuRAN's Form 40-F registration statement effective on June 26, 2026, officially registering the company's shares with the regulator. This removes the most significant regulatory barrier to a Nasdaq Capital Market listing and opens the company to U.S. institutional and retail investors. The Nasdaq listing application remains under review.Renforth Resources (CSE: RFR) (OTC: RFHRF) (FSE: 9RR)Renforth completed an initial channel-cutting campaign at its wholly owned Parbec gold deposit near Canadian Malartic in Quebec, cutting eight channels and visually observing mineralization. Gold-bearing felsite and diorite were exposed over a greater extent than previously understood, with some felsite true widths approaching 15 metres on surface. Samples have been submitted for assay, with results to follow.Fitzroy Minerals (TSXV: FTZ) (OTCQX: FTZFF) (FSE: C3Y)Fitzroy intersected 59.0 metres at 1.73% copper, including 12.0 metres at 5.39% copper, at its Buen Retiro project in Chile, with a second hole returning 76.0 metres at 0.74% copper. Citing continued near-surface, leachable mineralization, the company expanded its 2026 drill program to roughly 22,000 metres. Management sees a potential route to near-term copper cathode production with reduced capital and permitting requirements.Nord Precious Metals Mining (TSXV: NTH) (OTCQB: NPMMF) (FSE: QN3)Nord returned 13,620 g/t silver and 1.84% cobalt over 0.6 metres at its Castle East Robinson Zone in Ontario, including 25,803 g/t silver (752.7 oz/ton) and 3.60% cobalt over 0.30 metres. The intercept extends the high-grade silver-cobalt vein system 25 metres up-dip, with mineralization logged across nearly 40 vertical metres. The results support both a planned resource update and the company's critical-minerals processing strategy.Freeman Gold (TSXV: FMAN) (OTCQB: FMANF) (FSE: 3WU)Freeman delivered a feasibility study for its 100%-owned Lemhi Gold Project in Idaho, confirming a 1.0 million ounce proven and probable reserve and a 15.2-year mine life. At a base case of US$3,650 per ounce, the study shows a post-tax NPV(5%) of US$696 million, a 34.4% internal rate of return and a 2.5-year payback. At current spot prices the post-tax NPV rises to US$904 million, underscoring strong leverage to gold.Bottom Line: Today's small-cap movers spanned a major regulatory milestone, high-grade copper and silver-cobalt drill results, and a robust gold feasibility study, reflecting strong momentum across precious metals, critical minerals and rural connectivity. From NuRAN's path to Nasdaq to standout intercepts at Fitzroy and Nord and Freeman's million-ounce reserve, investors had plenty of fresh catalysts to research further.Stay ahead of the market — follow AGORACOM for more breaking small-cap news and insights.And don't forget to check out our podcast for deeper dives: https://open.spotify.com/show/74mVPkfalaWXFYY65A2XLM

Alex Thorn talks with Gil Wassermann, Galaxy's Head of Prediction Markets, about the institutional prediction markets use case, Galaxy's new prediction markets desk, and why the world is crazy for prediction markets. Alex also talks with Beimnet Abebe about the summer doldrums in markets. Galaxy conducts event contracts activity solely with eligible, institutional counterparties and evaluates offerings on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis in light of applicable legal and regulatory considerations.   Participants, along with Galaxy Digital, hold a financial interest in Bitcoin (BTC). Galaxy regularly engages in buying and selling BTC, including hedging transactions, for its own proprietary accounts and on behalf of its counterparties. Galaxy also provides services to vehicles that invest in BTC.  If the value of such assets increases, those vehicles may benefit, and Galaxy's service fees may increase accordingly. The valuation in this communication is based on technical, fundamental, and market analysis and not on any formal valuation method. For more information, please refer to Galaxy's public filings and statements. Cryptocurrencies, including BTC, are inherently volatile and risky and ultimate market movements may not align with this statement.   For additional risks related to digital assets, please refer to the risk factors contained in filings Galaxy Digital Inc. makes with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) from time to time, including its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, available at www.sec.gov. This episode was recorded on Wednesday, June 24, 2026. ++ Follow us on Twitter, @glxyresearch, and read our research at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.galaxy.com/research/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to learn more! This podcast, and the information contained herein, has been provided to you by Galaxy Digital Holdings LP and its affiliates (“Galaxy Digital”) solely for informational purposes. View the full disclaimer at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.galaxy.com/disclaimer-galaxy-brains-podcast/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Are the financial markets miscalculating ongoing political risks abroad? In the latest episode of Potomac Perspective, Stifel Chief Washington Policy Strategist Brian Gardner and co-host Neil Shapiro have the latest fallout from military action overseas. Also discussed: Are oil companies price gauging at the pump? Is it crunch time for a crypto bill? What are the key takeaways from the latest primary elections? This material is prepared by the Washington Policy Strategy Group of Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated (“Stifel”). This material is for informational purposes only and is not an offer or solicitation to purchase or sell any security or instrument or to participate in any trading strategy discussed herein. The information contained is taken from sources believed to be reliable, but is not guaranteed by Stifel as to accuracy or completeness. The opinions expressed are those of the Washington Policy Strategy Group and may differ from those of other departments that produce similar material and are current as of the date of this publication and are subject to change without notice. Past performance is not necessarily a guide to future performance. Stifel does not provide accounting, tax, or legal advice and clients are advised to consult with their accounting, tax, or legal advisors prior to making any investment decision. Additional information is available upon request. Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated is a broker-dealer registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and is a member SIPC & NYSE. ©2026See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

It's Summer! Time to head to your favorite beach or mountain vacation destination. For many, the dream is to own a vacation getaway.  Following a liquidity event, many entrepreneurs buy that dream. They envision ultimately leaving that property to their children to enjoy for years to come. Unbeknownst to them, if not handled properly, these properties can sow the seeds of future family conflict. Today, I'm joined by two of my colleagues who specialize in just this sort of thing: Kellie Hall and Michelle Soto. Kellie and Michelle are planning professionals who each have many years of experience guiding families through tricky governance issues. At Biltmore, we frequently see families with treasured intergenerational properties. While these homes and estates can provide families with lifelong memories, they can also be the source of conflict. Over their careers, Kellie and Michelle have seen it all. On this podcast, they provide actionable advice on navigating the pitfalls of shared family vacation properties.This podcast was recorded on February 17, 2026.  The respective opinions expressed are those of Ms. Hall, Ms. Soto and Biltmore Family Office, LLC..  The opinions referenced are as of the date of this podcast and are subject to change without notice.  This material is for informational use only and should not be considered investment advice. The information discussed herein is not a recommendation to buy or sell a particular security or to invest in any particular sector.  Forward-looking statements are not guaranteed.  BFO reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs and there is no guarantee that their assessment of investments will be accurate.  The discussions, outlook and viewpoints featured are not intended to be investment advice and do not take into account specific client investment objectives.  Before investing, an investor should consider his or her investment goals and risk comfort levels and consult with his or her investment adviser and tax professional.   Biltmore Family Office, LLC is an investment adviser registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Registration does not imply a certain level of skill or training. More information about BFO's investment advisory services can be found in its Form ADV Part 2, which is available upon request.

What happens when the very things that make you different become your greatest strengths?For Fitzann “Fitz” Reid, showing up fully, taking calculated risks, and creating opportunities where none existed before have been defining themes throughout her career.A lawyer, investor, entrepreneur, sports owner, and leader, Fitz has built a career that defies traditional expectations. From growing up in South Jamaica, Queens, as the daughter of Jamaican immigrants to serving at the highest levels of the SEC, helping launch Hunterbrook, and investing in professional sports, she has consistently chosen growth over comfort and possibility over convention.In this episode of Branding Room Only, Fitz and Paula explore what it means to build a career intentionally rather than simply following the path laid out for you. They discuss the power of sponsorship, the leadership lessons learned through sports, the responsibility that comes with visibility, and the confidence required to remain authentic in spaces that were not always designed with you in mind. Fitz also shares her experiences as a Black queer woman and a first-generation Jamaican-American, and how those experiences have informed her perspective while never limiting the scope of who she is or what she can accomplish.The conversation covers career pivots, entrepreneurship, investing, leadership, and personal branding through the lens of someone who has repeatedly stepped into unfamiliar spaces and found ways to succeed. Fitz's story is a reminder that growth often requires courage, that visibility creates possibility for others, and that some of the most meaningful opportunities appear long before there is certainty about the outcome. Her approach to life and work demonstrates the value of trusting yourself, staying open to possibility, and being willing to take the first step before you have every answer.1:26 – Fitzann's personal brand definition and why she describes herself as authentic, relentless, and empathetic4:20 – Why a Bryan Stevenson (director of Equal Justice Initiative) quote that hangs on Fitz's wall made such an impression7:43 – How Fitz learned independence and resilience as a kid growing up in South Jamaica, Queens 10:25 – How being a first-generation Jamaican American has influenced Fitz's leadership and ambition13:02 – The weight of responsibility often facing children of immigrants and how Paula conveyed that to her kids14:25 – How Fitz has navigated her career and assumed leadership positions as a Black, queer woman in industries often lacking diversity19:05 – How her background in sports has played a major role in Fitz's leadership style22:38 – How Fitz stood her ground against conforming in law school and grew her confidence over time31:45 – Fitz outlines her career trajectory, from an early interest in politics and law school to buying an Italian basketball team and building Hunterbrook39:02 – How that initial sports investment opened up bigger doors of opportunity41:00 – How Fitz has been intentional about building her brand while navigating her career44:32 – The root of Fitz's personal and strategic interest in women's sports, and investment opportunities still available48:10 – Why advocacy through the National LGBTQ+ Bar Association is so important to Fitz51:48 – Why Fitz will never compromise on how she shows up, and the magic she offers to others53:41 – The importance of treating your difference from others as a superpower, not a disadvantageConnect With Fitzann ReidFitzann “Fitz” Reid is a partner, general counsel, and chief compliance officer at Hunterbook, a startup media company and hedge fund. She's also an avid sports investor and co-founder of Vera West Sports and Entertainment. Before Hunterbrook, she spent the bulk of her career in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission at the highest levels, serving across Examinations and Enforcement as well as Senior Counsel to Commissioner Allison Lee. Then she moved on to become the Chief Compliance Officer and Deputy General Counsel at impact-focused hedge fund Engine No 1. Her work spanned rulemaking, enforcement, litigation, whistleblowers, and on-site examinations of registrants, including broker-dealers, investment advisers, private fund advisers, and mutual funds.Fitzann has a BBA from Pace University, an MBA from Wharton at UPenn, and a JD from Washington University School of Law in St. Louis, where she later taught federal regulations and enforcement as an Adjunct Professor. Off the clock, she serves on several boards, including the National LGBTQ Plus Bar Association, and is registered with the state bar in D.C. and New York.Fitzann Reid on LinkedInHunterbrook | Instagram | X | TikTok | YouTubeMentioned In Authenticity, Ambition, and Betting on Yourself with Fitzann ReidEqual Justice InitiativeNational LGBTQ+ Bar AssociationCurated Resources from PaulaSign up for Paula's Upcoming Events Learn More About Paula's Personal Branding Strategy Session OfferSubscribe to The Branding Room Only podcast on YouTubeCall to ActionFollow & Review: Help others find the podcast. Subscribe and leave a quick review.Want more branding insights? Join Paula's newsletter for expert tips and exclusive content! Subscribe HereConferences are an investment—make sure you maximize yours. My Engage Your Hustle™ Conference Playbook gives you the strategies to prepare, stand out, and follow up with impact. Get your copy today.Sponsor for this episodeThis episode is brought to you by PGE Consulting Group LLC.PGE Consulting Group LLC empowers individuals and organizations to lead with purpose, presence, and impact. Specializing in leadership development and personal branding, we offer keynotes, custom programming, consulting, and strategic advising—all designed to elevate influence and performance at every level.Founded and led by Paula Edgar, our work centers on practical strategies that enhance professional development, strengthen workplace culture, and drive meaningful, measurable change.To learn more about Paula and her services, go to www.paulaedgar.com or contact her at info@paulaedgar.com, and follow Paula Edgar and the PGE Consulting Group LLC on LinkedIn.

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This freed up shelf space for competitors like HOKA and On Cloud, whose products consumers tried, preferred, and stayed with. Nike also took its eye off technical product innovation — the foundation of the brand — and the combination proved very difficult to reverse." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What leadership lessons can retirement investors take from Nike's decline?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "The Nike story illustrates several principles that apply directly to managing retirement assets: proven strategies should not be abandoned in favor of untested new models; losing touch with core fundamentals — in business or in a portfolio — creates compounding damage over time; and when someone tells you the old approach is outdated, the right question is always whether the new approach has been tested and who benefits from your belief in it." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Why did Nike's wholesale withdrawal strategy fail?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Nike believed consumers would migrate online and that eliminating wholesale intermediaries would improve margins. What actually happened was that the vacated shelf space went to competitors — HOKA, On Cloud, New Balance, ASICS, and Brooks — who used it to earn consumer loyalty. Once runners found a shoe they loved from another brand, they did not switch back. Nike also lost the critical feedback loop that specialty running retailers provided, making it slower to detect that its technical product was falling behind." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Who is Elliott Hill and can he turn Nike around?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Elliott Hill replaced John Donahoe as Nike CEO in September 2024. Unlike his predecessor, Hill spent his entire career at Nike, starting at the lowest rungs and earning his way up — giving him deep institutional knowledge of the business. He is widely regarded as credible and clear-eyed. However, nearly two years into his tenure, Nike has not yet been able to regain meaningful traction, illustrating how much harder recovery is than the original damage." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is Dupree Financial Group's investment approach for retirement income?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Dupree Financial Group is a fee-only, fiduciary SEC-registered RIA based in Lexington, Kentucky. The firm builds retirement income strategies around dividend-paying, income-generating separately managed accounts — with no products sold, no commissions, and no conflicts of interest. They specialize in helping adults 50 and older build portfolios designed to generate income that can keep pace with inflation over time." } } ] } ] } The Nike Cautionary Tale: What Happens When Leadership Loses Touch With Its Customers The Tom Dupree Show | Dupree Financial Group | dupreefinancial.com | 859-233-0400 Nike spent decades building one of the most recognized brands on the planet — the Swoosh, the Air Jordan, high-heat basketball shoes that consumers lined up for, and a presence in every major sporting goods retailer in the world. Then, in 2020, the company handed its future to a CEO who believed physical retail was a dying model, and what followed became a business school study in how quickly a great company can lose its way. In this episode of The Tom Dupree Show, host Tom Dupree and analyst Michael Dawahare walk through the full arc of Nike’s rise and decline — from its origins in a track coach’s garage to a stock that traded at $180 and has since fallen to around $44. They examine the strategic decisions that caused the damage, the board failures that let it compound, and the hard-won lesson that consumer loyalty, once transferred to a competitor, is almost impossible to reclaim. And for anyone managing retirement assets, the parallels are direct: proven strategies should not be abandoned for untested ones, fundamentals matter more than narratives, and the cost of a foundational error can take years to undo. You cannot put your own lenses on the lenses of your customer — you have to ask how they see the world, not how you see it. — Tom Dupree How Nike Built the Brand — and What It Was Actually Built On Nike was founded on performance athletics. Phil Knight, a runner at the University of Oregon, partnered with legendary track coach Bill Bowerman — who famously experimented with a waffle iron to create better running soles — and built a company that stood for technical innovation and athletic credibility. The brand’s cultural ascent accelerated in 1984 with the signing of Michael Jordan, and from there, Nike became what everyone knows: the dominant force in athletic footwear and apparel, consistently ranked among the world’s most recognized brands. At its peak, Nike operated across multiple business lines — high-heat basketball, lifestyle and streetwear, performance running, and endorsement deals with some of the most iconic athletes in the world. Its Jordan Brand alone eventually grew to represent 25–30% of total business. But that success carried a hidden fragility: the Jordan Brand was built on a generational talent, and there was no clear plan for what would carry that brand forward once Jordan’s cultural relevance inevitably faded with younger consumers. The 2020 CEO Transition and the Fatal Pivot When Nike’s board appointed John Donahoe as CEO in 2020, it elevated someone who had served on the board since 2014 and who had an exceptional track record — at eBay and ServiceNow. But his entire professional background was in direct-to-consumer digital commerce, and he arrived at Nike with a conviction that physical retail distribution was a slowly melting ice cube. His plan: reduce Nike’s dependence on wholesale partners — Foot Locker, Dick’s Sporting Goods, specialty running retailers — and shift the business toward a pure direct-to-consumer model. Margins would improve by eliminating the distribution layer. And the consumer, Donahoe believed, would simply find Nike on their phone rather than in a store. The pandemic made it look like a genius. Physical retail was disrupted, Nike’s direct channels surged, the stock reached all-time highs around $180, and the board was enthusiastic. Beneath the surface, the strategy was already creating irreversible damage. The Shelf Space Problem — and the Competitors Who Said Thank You When Nike told its wholesale partners they would be receiving significantly less product going forward, those partners did not fight back. They simply filled the space with someone else. HOKA — already a credible running brand — accelerated its growth dramatically. On Cloud, a Swiss performance running brand, began one of the most remarkable growth runs in the industry, expanding into running, tennis, golf, and multiple other categories simultaneously. New Balance, ASICS, and Brooks also claimed their share of the newly available retail real estate. The consumer who walked into a Foot Locker or Dick’s and encountered a wall of Nike was now encountering a much more competitive set of choices. They tried the alternatives. Many of them preferred what they found. And once a runner builds loyalty to a particular shoe platform — especially in a category where consumers replace their shoes every 90 days — that loyalty is remarkably durable. Nike also lost something less tangible but equally important: the feedback loop. Specialty running retailers were the ground-level intelligence network that told Nike week by week what runners wanted, what was working, and where the product needed to improve. When Nike walked away from that channel, it walked away from its early warning system. The Board Failure — and the Groupthink That Let It Happen One of the most striking aspects of the Nike story is not that one CEO had a flawed conviction — that happens — but that an entire board of accomplished executives approved and sustained a strategy that was, in hindsight, obviously misaligned with how Nike’s business actually worked. By some accounts, Tim Cook of Apple was on that board during part of this period. It is difficult to imagine Cook making an analogous argument that Apple did not need its retail stores. The dynamic Tom and Michael describe is familiar to anyone who studies large organizations: board members are generally reluctant to challenge a CEO too forcefully, because the social and professional cost of being the dissenter is real. The result is groupthink — a board that validates a strategy long past the point where the data should have prompted hard questions. By late 2022 and into 2023, the numbers made it undeniable. Nike attempted to reverse course, reaching back out to wholesale partners and offering them premium product. The response was polite — and firm. Retailers were glad to take the high-demand items that consumers queued for. The rest of Nike’s moderate catalog? They had already replaced it, and they were satisfied with what they had. Where Nike Stands Today The board replaced Donahoe with Elliott Hill in September 2024. Hill’s story is genuinely different from his predecessor’s: he started in a Nike stockroom and built his entire career inside the company, earning credibility at every level. He speaks clearly and credibly about what went wrong and what needs to happen. And nearly two years into his tenure, Nike’s stock remains near $44 — roughly 75% below its peak —, and the company has not yet found its footing. In running — the category that gave Nike its identity — the brand no longer consistently appears in the top 10 for preferred shoes among dedicated runners. In China, sales are down 20–30% in recent quarters. On Cloud continues to grow at roughly 50% per quarter. The chart, as Tom notes throughout this episode, always tells the story: if a real recovery is underway, you will see it in the price action. The current chart does not yet show that. What This Means for Your Retirement Portfolio Tom closes this episode with a point that connects the Nike story directly to retirement investing: when someone tells you that a proven model is outdated — that index funds are so last century, or that some new product captures market upside without any downside — the right questions are always the same. What is the process? Has it been tested across different market conditions? And who benefits when you believe in it? The investor who abandons a sound income strategy during a period of volatility, convinced by a compelling narrative, is making the same error Donahoe made. The fundamentals that built something durable do not become wrong because someone new arrived with a different set of lenses. Key Takeaways Know what your business — or portfolio — is actually built on. The moment Nike shifted focus from technical performance products, competitors filled the gap. Investors face the same risk when strategies drift from the principles that made them work. Never surrender your shelf space. Giving up distribution is almost impossible to reverse. The same principle applies when investors abandon a proven income strategy during volatility — re-entry is rarely seamless. Leadership bias is one of the most expensive mistakes in business. Donahoe was an outstanding digital executive who ran a physical consumer company through a digital lens. Bias in a CEO or a portfolio manager costs real money. Boards exist to prevent catastrophic decisions. Most don’t. Nike’s board approved a strategy that effectively fired its wholesale customer base. Institutional oversight is only as good as the willingness to ask uncomfortable questions. Consumer loyalty, once transferred, is remarkably sticky. Runners who found HOKA or On Cloud did not come back. When you give a customer a reason to try something else, and they love it, you may have lost them permanently. Recovery from a foundational strategic error takes far longer than the error itself. The damage from a few years of bad decisions can take a decade to undo — in business and in retirement portfolios. Proven strategies deserve skepticism about replacement, not abandonment. When a new model sounds compelling, the questions are always: what’s the process, has it been tested, and who benefits from your belief in it? Frequently Asked Questions What caused Nike’s stock to fall from $180 to around $44? Nike’s decline was driven primarily by a strategic pivot under CEO John Donahoe, who took over in 2020 and aggressively reduced the company’s reliance on wholesale partners in favor of a direct-to-consumer digital model. This freed up shelf space for competitors like HOKA and On Cloud, whose products consumers tried, preferred, and stayed with. Nike also lost focus on technical product innovation — the foundation of the brand — and the combination proved very difficult to reverse. What leadership lessons can retirement investors take from Nike’s decline? The Nike story illustrates several principles that apply directly to managing retirement assets: proven strategies should not be abandoned in favor of untested new models; losing touch with core fundamentals creates compounding damage; and when someone tells you the old approach is outdated, the right question is always whether the new approach has been tested and who benefits from your belief in it. Why did Nike’s wholesale withdrawal strategy fail? Nike believed consumers would migrate online and that eliminating wholesale intermediaries would improve margins. What actually happened was that vacated shelf space went to competitors — HOKA, On Cloud, New Balance, ASICS, and Brooks — who earned consumer loyalty through it. Once runners found a shoe they preferred, they did not switch back. Nike also lost the critical feedback loop that specialty running retailers provided. Who is Elliott Hill and can he turn Nike around? Elliott Hill replaced John Donahoe as Nike CEO in September 2024. Unlike his predecessor, Hill spent his entire career at Nike, starting at the lowest rungs and earning his way up. He is widely regarded as credible and clear-eyed about the challenges. However, nearly two years into his tenure, Nike has not yet regained meaningful traction — illustrating how much harder recovery is than the original damage. What is Dupree Financial Group’s investment approach for retirement income? Dupree Financial Group is a fee-only, fiduciary SEC-registered RIA based in Lexington, Kentucky. The firm builds retirement income strategies around dividend-paying, income-generating separately managed accounts — with no products sold, no commissions, and no conflicts of interest. They specialize in helping adults 50 and older build portfolios designed to generate income that can keep pace with inflation over time. Schedule a Complimentary Portfolio Review If you’re not sure whether your portfolio is built on the same principles Nike abandoned — proven strategy, staying close to what works, and never losing sight of the fundamentals — we’ll take a look. No charge. No pressure. Just an honest conversation about what you own and whether it’s working for you. Call: 859-233-0400  |  Visit: dupreefinancial.com Dupree Financial Group is a Registered Investment Adviser (RIA) registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Registration does not imply a certain level of skill or training. The information presented on this podcast is for educational purposes only and should not be construed as personalized investment advice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Investing involves risk, including the potential loss of principal. Please consult a qualified financial professional before making investment decisions. The post Nike’s Fall: Leadership Lessons for Retirement Investors appeared first on Dupree Financial.

  The Tom Dupree Show  |  Podcast Show Notes Buying a Stock Is Easy. Knowing When to Sell Is Everything. The Tom Dupree Show  |  Dupree Financial Group  |  dupreefinancial.com  |  859-233-0400 Episode Description Every investor knows how to buy a stock. But the moment that determines real wealth — or real loss — is the moment you decide to sell. In this episode of The Tom Dupree Show, Tom Dupree, Lead Advisor Mike Johnson, and in-house analyst James Dupree lay out the sell discipline that has guided Dupree Financial Group’s portfolios for decades, including what triggers a trim, what triggers a full exit, and why waiting for someone else to tell you to sell is one of the costliest mistakes in investing. The conversation covers the full range of situations investors face: growth stocks valued on revenue and margin guidance, dividend payers evaluated on current yield, bonds that raised red flags in a management meeting, and legacy holdings kept alive by emotional attachment rather than logic. The team also addresses taxes, risk profile management, dry powder strategy, and the very human pull of FOMO that causes investors to ride winners too long — and losers even longer. “Buying a stock is easy. Selling a stock — regardless of whether it’s up or down — is a lot harder to do.” Topics Covered ●  Why sell discipline is the foundation of a sound investment process — not an afterthought ●  Valuing growth stocks on revenue guidance and gross margin targets rather than earnings alone ●  How current yield signals when a dividend stock has priced in too much optimism ●  The role of FOMO and emotional attachment in holding positions too long ●  Real examples: Freddie Mac, WorldCom, Kraft Heinz, and a local company that went up 20x and back to zero ●  Trimming vs. full exits: how partial sales create dry powder for new opportunities ●  Tax-smart selling: harvesting losses, the 30-day wash sale rule, and gifting low-basis shares to charity ●  Risk profile management: why one position becoming overweight is itself a sell signal ●  Why Intel’s 26-year performance history is a cautionary tale about holding without a thesis ●  The danger of relying on a single analyst’s buy list — and getting no sell guidance when markets turn Key Takeaways ●  Have a sell target before you buy. When you purchase a stock, establish the price or valuation level at which you would be satisfied selling. If the stock blows past that target, revisit the thesis — don’t just let momentum make the decision for you. ●  Valuation drives both buying and selling. A great company at the wrong price is still the wrong investment. Conversely, a mediocre company can become a strong buy when it gets cheap enough. Regularly re-evaluate what you own against current valuations, not just original purchase logic. ●  Current yield is a sell signal for income stocks. When a dividend-paying stock rises sharply, its yield compresses. If a stock yielded 6.5% when purchased and now yields 3.4% solely because the price doubled, the market is pricing in a level of optimism worth locking in. Consider trimming. ●  Trimming creates options. Most sell decisions don’t have to be all-or-nothing. Taking partial profits — and parking proceeds in money market as dry powder — gives you the flexibility to redeploy into new opportunities when they appear without being fully out of a strong holding. ●  Watch your risk profile, not just your returns. If one position grows to become the largest holding in the portfolio due to price appreciation alone, that concentration is a risk even if the company is excellent. Rebalancing is not a sign of doubt — it’s disciplined portfolio management. ●  Don’t let outdated advice run your portfolio. Tom shared the story of a widow who refused to sell two stocks because her late husband said never to — leaving her with a 2.1% yield when a redeployment could have generated 7%. Circumstances change. Investment advice should too. ●  Emotions are the enemy of good sell decisions. FOMO causes investors to hold too long on the way up. Denial causes them to hold too long on the way down. An investment committee, a written thesis, and objective valuation metrics help counteract the emotional pull that derails individual investors. ●  Taxes are part of the sell equation. In taxable accounts, realized gains have a cost. Pairing gains with losses (tax-loss harvesting), utilizing the 30-day wash sale rule carefully, and gifting low-basis shares to charity are all legitimate tools to make selling more tax-efficient. About The Tom Dupree Show The Tom Dupree Show is hosted by Tom Dupree, founder of Dupree Financial Group and a 47-year veteran of the investment business. Each episode covers the financial topics that matter most to retirees and those approaching retirement — in plain English, without the Wall Street spin. Dupree Financial Group is a fee-only, fiduciary Registered Investment Advisory firm based in Lexington, Kentucky. The firm manages separately managed accounts focused on income-generating, dividend-paying portfolios — no products sold, no commissions, no conflicts of interest. Past episodes are available at dupreefinancial.com under the Radio tab. Schedule a Complimentary Portfolio Review If you’re not sure whether your current portfolio reflects a real sell discipline — or whether you’re holding things longer than you should be — we’ll take a look. No charge. No pressure. Just an honest conversation about what you own and whether it’s working for you. Call: 859-233-0400  |  Visit: dupreefinancial.com Dupree Financial Group is a Registered Investment Advisor (RIA) registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Registration does not imply a certain level of skill or training. The information presented on this program is for educational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice, a solicitation, or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Investing involves risk, including the potential loss of principal. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Please consult with a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions. The post When to Sell A Stock appeared first on Dupree Financial.

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Knowing When to Sell Is Everything. The Tom Dupree Show  |  Dupree Financial Group  |  dupreefinancial.com  |  859-233-0400 A sound sell discipline is one of the most overlooked parts of retirement investing — every investor knows how to buy a stock, but the moment that determines real wealth, or real loss, is the moment you decide to sell. In this episode of The Tom Dupree Show, Tom Dupree, Lead Advisor Mike Johnson, and in-house analyst James Dupree lay out the sell discipline that has guided Dupree Financial Group’s portfolios for decades. The conversation covers what triggers a trim, what triggers a full exit, and why waiting for someone else to tell you to sell is one of the costliest mistakes in investing. The team works through real examples — from Freddie Mac and WorldCom in the early 2000s to a local company that went up twenty times before going back to zero — and explains the framework behind each decision. Along the way, they address growth stocks, dividend payers, pipeline companies, oil stocks, and AI infrastructure plays, showing how the sell criteria differ by asset type even as the underlying discipline stays consistent. “Buying a stock is easy. Selling a stock — regardless of whether it’s up or down — is a lot harder to do.” — Tom Dupree Why Sell Discipline Matters in Retirement Investing Most investment conversations focus on what to buy. Sell discipline gets far less attention — yet it is the mechanism that actually converts paper gains into real money. As Tom put it on the show, you don’t realize anything until it’s sold. Dividends deliver income along the way, but capital appreciation only benefits you when you act on it. This is exactly the kind of sell discipline retirement investing question that Dupree Financial Group works through with every client. The team described the buy discipline as relatively straightforward: you find a company with a compelling valuation, a durable dividend, or a strong revenue growth story, and you build a position. The sell decision is far more nuanced because it involves not just the company’s fundamentals but also your portfolio’s overall risk profile, tax situation, current market conditions, and where you are in your financial life. Different Assets Require Different Sell Metrics One of the clearest takeaways from this episode is that sell criteria are not universal — they must be tailored to the type of asset you own. Growth stocks and AI companies often lack traditional earnings metrics, so James Dupree explained that the team evaluates them on revenue guidance and gross margin targets. When management demonstrates they can execute — beating their own guidance consistently — the market rewards them with premium valuations. When that execution story breaks down, or when the stock has priced in years of future growth, it is time to take some off the table. Dividend-paying stocks use a different lens: current yield. Tom described a stock the firm bought yielding 6.5% that now yields roughly 3.4% — not because the dividend was cut, but because the price nearly doubled. That yield compression is the market’s way of signaling that the optimism has been priced in. Capturing three years’ worth of dividends in two months of price appreciation is a compelling reason to trim. REITs are evaluated on price-to-adjusted cash flow rather than price-to-earnings. Pipeline companies may be held long past a traditional sell target because their dividend stream is so strong and growing that the income justifies continued ownership. Every sector, and every individual company within a sector, has its own intricacies. Trimming vs. Exiting: The Power of Partial Sales Mike Johnson emphasized that most sell decisions at Dupree Financial are not binary. Rather than exiting a position entirely, the team frequently trims — reducing a holding that has become overweight and redeploying the proceeds into money market as dry powder. That cash position carries real optionality: when a market pullback creates entry points in other names, the firm is already positioned to act. The team recently used this approach with oil stocks. Several integrated oil companies had appreciated 25–30% over the past year even as oil prices remained flat. The underlying businesses are excellent operators, but there is a ceiling on how much an oil company can grow — demand is finite, production costs are finite, and the economics do not allow for the kind of multiple expansion you can see in software or AI. Taking profits there freed up capital for infrastructure and reshoring plays that offer better forward returns at reasonable valuations. Risk Profile Is a Sell Signal Too Tom described a stock the firm added to significantly in April of the prior year — a diesel engine manufacturer that turned out to have strong AI-adjacent tailwinds. The position appreciated considerably. Even though the team still believed in the company, they trimmed because the position had grown so large it changed the portfolio’s overall risk profile. The question was not “do we still like this company?” but “does this concentration match what our clients are paying us to manage?” Similarly, a high-conviction AI holding trimmed in October had briefly become the largest position in the portfolio after rapid price appreciation. The mandate from clients calls for a diversified, income-oriented portfolio — not a concentrated bet on any single name, regardless of how strong the thesis is. The Emotional Traps: FOMO, Greed, and Legacy Holdings Tom shared two memorable examples of how emotions derail sell decisions. The first was a locally well-known company whose stock rose twenty times before collapsing back to zero. Investors who rode it all the way up — and all the way back down — had been told to take some off the table. They refused, emotionally unable to accept that paper gains only become real when you sell. The second example was a widow whose late husband had told her never to sell two particular stocks. She was holding roughly $300,000 in those two positions at a blended yield of about 2.1% — generating around $6,000 per year. A redeployment into holdings yielding 7% would have generated closer to $21,000 annually. The husband’s advice may have been reasonable at the time, but circumstances changed. Her income needs changed. The advice never got updated. Mike also drew the parallel to how individual investors today feel about broad index funds or the S&P 500 — looking at five-year performance charts and feeling unable to reduce exposure because “it might keep going up.” That mindset, he noted, is identical to the emotional pattern that preceded every major market drawdown. The antidote is asking a simple question: do the numbers still work for me if this drops 30% or 40%? The Tax Dimension of Selling In taxable accounts, selling is never just an investment decision — it is also a tax event. Tom and Mike outlined several strategies the firm uses to manage that dimension: Tax-loss harvesting: Selling positions with unrealized losses to offset realized gains elsewhere in the portfolio. The firm deliberately maintains a few losers for this purpose. Wash sale management: After harvesting a loss, you can repurchase the same security after 30 days and still recognize the tax benefit. Charitable gifting of appreciated shares: For long-held, low-basis positions, gifting shares directly to a charity allows the donor to take a deduction at full fair market value while the charity pays no capital gains tax. This also serves as a rebalancing tool — reducing concentration without triggering a taxable event. Stepped-up cost basis: For clients with health concerns, holding a highly appreciated position until death transfers it to heirs at the current market value, eliminating the embedded gain entirely. As the team noted: the right answer always depends on the individual’s situation — the tax shelter of the account, charitable inclinations, estate planning goals, and overall income needs. A Cautionary Tale from Wall Street Tom closed the first segment with a story from early in his career at a large brokerage firm. A prominent New York analyst had a buy list — the “focus list” — that brokers across the country used to build client portfolios. Through the late 1990s bull market, the list performed well, and the analyst became a star. When the market began its steep decline in 2000 through 2002, the analyst issued no sell ratings. He went quiet. Brokers and their clients waited for guidance that never came. Many lost significant sums as a result. The reason, Tom observed, was simple: issuing a sell rating would have been an admission that the original buy call was wrong. Professional reputation got in the way of professional responsibility. It is exactly why Dupree Financial conducts all research in-house, maintains an investment committee where theses are challenged regularly, and retains the authority to move quickly — without waiting for a third-party analyst to give permission. You can hear more episodes like this one on the Tom Dupree Show Radio archive. Frequently Asked Questions About Sell Discipline in Retirement Investing How do you know when to sell a stock? The best sell decisions are driven by valuation, not price alone. Before buying, establish the price or valuation level at which you would be satisfied selling. If the stock exceeds that target, revisit the thesis. For dividend stocks, watch current yield — when it compresses significantly due to price appreciation, the market may be pricing in too much optimism. For growth stocks, monitor revenue guidance and gross margin targets. The key is having objective criteria rather than letting emotion drive the decision. What is a sell discipline in investing? A sell discipline is a systematic, pre-defined set of criteria that guides when to reduce or exit a position — independent of emotion or market noise. It includes valuation targets, yield thresholds, risk profile limits, dividend sustainability checks, and tax considerations. Without a sell discipline, investors tend to hold winners too long out of greed and losers too long out of denial. Should I sell a stock that has doubled in price? Not necessarily — but a doubling in price is a strong signal to re-examine the thesis. If the stock is a dividend payer, check the current yield: a stock that once yielded 6.5% and now yields 3.4% purely because of price appreciation may have priced in years of future growth. In that case, trimming a portion and capturing gains as dry powder for redeployment is a disciplined approach even if the company itself remains strong. How do taxes affect the decision to sell a stock? In taxable accounts, selling at a gain triggers capital gains tax — either short-term (ordinary income rates) or long-term (lower rates, for assets held over one year). A key strategy is tax-loss harvesting: selling positions with unrealized losses to offset realized gains. You can repurchase the same security after 30 days under the wash sale rule. For highly appreciated, low-basis positions, gifting shares directly to charity avoids tax entirely for both donor and recipient. What is FOMO in investing and how does it cause mistakes? FOMO — fear of missing out — causes investors to hold positions long after a rational sell signal has appeared, because they fear the stock will keep rising after they exit. It also leads investors to hold falling stocks in denial, hoping for a recovery. Both behaviors stem from emotional decision-making rather than objective analysis. Having pre-established valuation criteria and working with an investment committee helps counteract FOMO and the paralysis it creates. Schedule a Complimentary Portfolio Review If you’re not sure whether your current portfolio reflects a real sell discipline — or whether you’re holding things longer than you should be — we’ll take a look. No charge. No pressure. Just an honest conversation about what you own and whether it’s working for you. Call: 859-233-0400  |  Visit: dupreefinancial.com Dupree Financial Group is a Registered Investment Advisor (RIA) registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Registration does not imply a certain level of skill or training. The information presented on this program is for educational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice, a solicitation, or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Investing involves risk, including the potential loss of principal. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Please consult with a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions. The post When to Sell a Stock: Sell Discipline for Retirement Investors | Dupree Financial appeared first on Dupree Financial.

Welcome to Bond Investment Mentor! In this episode, Chris explores what bond defeasance is, how it works, and how it affects you as an investor. He also discusses how to identify and analyze defeased securities.   In this episode: Market & Fed update (1:34) Understanding Defeasance (9:19) How defeasance works Municipal bonds & defeasance Commercial MBS & defeasance Analyzing defeased securities Why I do what I do  (29:17) If you have questions about anything covered in this episode, please email me at Chris @ BondInvestmentMentor.com. Do you know someone who could benefit from this information? Please share this episode and podcast with them! You will find more articles, tips, and resources about fixed-income investing and portfolio management at BondInvestmentMentor.com. Check it out! Let's Connect via Social Media! LinkedIn: Christopher Nelson, CFA Connect with Nelson Capital Advisors Interested in discussing how these concepts apply to your institution? I'd welcome the conversation. Email: Chris@NelsonCapitalAdvisors.com Phone: 207-420-2442 Website: NelsonCapitalAdvisors.com About Nelson Capital Advisors Nelson Capital Advisors is a registered investment adviser with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, specializing in serving community banks and credit unions. We provide investment advisory services, portfolio management consulting, investment policy development, and fixed-income strategy guidance. Bond Investment Mentor LLC and Nelson Capital Advisors are commonly owned entities. For detailed information about Nelson Capital Advisors' services, fees, and potential conflicts of interest, please review our Form ADV Part 2A brochure. Important Disclaimer The content in this podcast is for educational and informational purposes only and should not be considered personalized investment advice for your specific situation. For advice tailored to your institution's needs, please contact Nelson Capital Advisors directly.

Alex Thorn talks with CZ, founder of Binance, about where we sit in the four-year cycle and whether $60K is the new floor, why there are no dead bodies floating up this time, the great convergence of TradFi and crypto and why he thinks it should just be one industry, perps coming onshore to CME and CBOE, his take on Hyperliquid's no-KYC model, prediction markets and the state-versus-federal fight, why he'd freeze Satoshi's coins a year after a quantum fork, what YZI Labs is funding beyond crypto including an artificial womb company, and why agentic AI payments will run on crypto in months not years. Participants, along with Galaxy Digital, hold a financial interest in Bitcoin (BTC). Galaxy regularly engages in buying and selling BTC, including hedging transactions, for its own proprietary accounts and on behalf of its counterparties. Galaxy also provides services to vehicles that invest in BTC.  If the value of such assets increases, those vehicles may benefit, and Galaxy's service fees may increase accordingly. The valuation in this communication is based on technical, fundamental, and market analysis and not on any formal valuation method. For more information, please refer to Galaxy's public filings and statements. Cryptocurrencies, including BTC, are inherently volatile and risky and ultimate market movements may not align with this statement.   For additional risks related to digital assets, please refer to the risk factors contained in filings Galaxy Digital Inc. makes with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) from time to time, including its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, available at www.sec.gov. This episode was recorded on Wednesday, June 10, 2026. ++ Follow us on Twitter, @glxyresearch, and read our research at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.galaxy.com/research/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to learn more! This podcast, and the information contained herein, has been provided to you by Galaxy Digital Holdings LP and its affiliates (“Galaxy Digital”) solely for informational purposes. View the full disclaimer at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.galaxy.com/disclaimer-galaxy-brains-podcast/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Seven years after Slow wrote its first check, Sam sits down with Teamshares CEO Mike Brown as the company prepares to go public. Mike's core insight is simple: America has millions of durable, cash-flowing small businesses, but no great long-term owner. After buying and operating electrical contractors himself, he realized the opportunity wasn't another marketplace or PE roll-up, it was building a permanent holding company that acquires great businesses, gives employees ownership, and never sells. Today, Teamshares owns 92 businesses generating roughly $60M in EBITDA. The conversation explores why most roll-ups fail, why capital allocation is the true operating system of the business, and why the traditional private equity model may be running out of steam. Mike closes with an ambitious goal: grow corporate EBITDA from $19M to $100M by 2027 and create a forever home for thousands of small businesses.Chapters00:00 Episode Teaser Featuring Mike Brown, Teamshares CEO01:11 The Teamshares Origin Story04:48 From Wall Street to Buying Small Businesses10:47 Why Going Direct to Sellers Didn't Work (The FSBO Problem)13:18 Buying at Scale, The Teamshares Model15:27 92 Acquisitions and $60M EBITDA, Lessons Learned18:26 Why Generalist Hires Didn't Work19:08 Building a Leadership Pipeline23:46 The Internal YC, Community Across Portfolio Companies27:42 How Technology Powers 92 Businesses28:08 “Will This Business Exist in 50 Years?”32:21 Why Most Roll-Ups Fail37:30 The Road to $100M EBITDA39:51 The Long-Term Vision40:58 Capital Allocation as a Competitive Advantage42:34 Decentralized Leadership, Centralized Capital46:16 Why Private Equity Fails Small Businesses49:25 Going Public, What Comes NextWe're also on ↓X: https://twitter.com/moreorlesspodInstagram: https://instagram.com/moreorlessYouTube: https://youtu.be/3tV4wdtZBukConnect with us here:1) Sam Lessin: https://x.com/lessin2) Dave Morin: https://x.com/davemorin3) Jessica Lessin: https://x.com/Jessicalessin4) Brit Morin: https://x.com/britImportant Disclosures and Disclaimers:Teamshares has entered into a definitive agreement for a business combination with Live Oak Crest Acquisition Corp. (“Live Oak”), a special purpose acquisition company. In connection with the proposed transaction, a registration statement on Form S-4 (the “Registration Statement”) has been filed with, and been declared effective by, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). This podcast does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities. For important information about the proposed transaction, including where to find the Registration Statement and other legal disclaimers, please refer to the press release available at https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260527344175/en/Teamshares-Announces-S-4-Effectiveness-in-Anticipation-of-Nasdaq-Listing.Clarifications:Teamshares currently has 93 operating subsidiaries. Additionally, Teamshares has had documented revenue declines and business closures. A full reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures, as well as Teamshares' audited GAAP financial statements, is available in the Registration Statement. Investors should review the full set of assumptions and risk factors accompanying these metrics in the Registration Statement.

  Rob is Co-Chair of Taft's Sports Law Group and Chair of the firm's Cincinnati Business practice. He is widely recognized as principal counsel to private equity and venture capital funds, growth-oriented companies, sports franchises, and research institutions. His practice focuses on leading equity financings, securities offerings, complex commercial transactions, mergers and acquisitions, and other strategic initiatives. Rob regularly advises global and national clients on the structuring and execution of significant business transactions. Rob is actively engaged in civic and professional leadership at both the national and local levels. He serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors of the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center and is a board member of the FC Cincinnati Foundation. Reflecting the international scope of his practice, he also serves on the Board of Interlex, a global association of leading law firms. In Ohio, Rob is a member of the Executive Committee of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce and has previously served as Chair of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra and President of the Association for Corporate Growth (ACG) Cincinnati. Rob earned his bachelor's degree from Duke University and his MBA from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University. During his undergraduate studies, he completed comparative law coursework at New College, Oxford University. He received his J.D. from Washington University School of Law, where he also clerked at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission during his final term. Rob grew up in Kobe, Japan.

Rick Chess, attorney, real estate strategist, capital-raising expert, and trusted advisor, is passionate about helping entrepreneurs, investors, and business owners navigate complex decisions that can dramatically impact enterprise value and long-term success. Throughout a career spanning more than five decades, Rick has raised over $100 million for multiple organizations, guided companies through acquisitions, governance challenges, and strategic growth, and helped owners prepare for successful exits. We explore The Capital Raising Framework — Focus on Individuals, Not “the Market”; Be Ready to Sell; Start With Who You Know; Connect on Emotion; and Find a Problem to Solve. Rick explains why raising capital is ultimately about understanding people, not pitching ideas, why investors care more about their needs than your opportunity, and how trust-based relationships create opportunities that compound over time. He also shares lessons from raising capital, building influential networks, serving on boards, and helping entrepreneurs avoid costly mistakes when pursuing funding, growth, and exit strategies. — How to be a Trusted Advisor with Rick Chess  Good day, dear listeners. Steve Preda here with the Management Blueprint Podcast. And my guest today is Rick Chess, who is a real estate and exit strategist. He helps business and real estate owners, and the trusted advisors who guide them, turn complex decisions into strategic moves that grow enterprise value and maximize sale outcomes. Rick, welcome to the show.  Thank you. Appreciate it, Steve.  Well, it’s great to have you. And I’m going to ask you my favorite question, which I always ask: What is your personal ‘Why’, and what are you doing to manifest it in your practice?  When you go back in my career, 50-some years, where I’ve been most happy is either growing an organization. That can be a community, that can be a business, it can be an association. And then, at some point, individuals in that association want to move on, whether that’s to retire, to go someplace else, or whatever. And I find that in that world, there are certain things where they might have a Steve Preda who helps them with how to manage day to day. But they get to certain big issues that they’ve never done before, and maybe they’ll never do again. That’s where I like to come in because I know I’m critically important to them. So you’re a trusted advisor. You like to grapple with the big challenges people have in their lives, whether it’s a big real estate transaction, getting ready for an exit, an acquisition, or something like that.  Yeah.  Yeah.  So, I mean, the things that would be—for instance, most folks, if they’re talking about real estate, they have some idea how to fix a toilet. They have some idea how to buy a property. But when they get to a certain point, it’s like, “We need to raise $10,000. We need to raise $100 million,” whatever the amount is, because there’s either a great opportunity or they want to keep moving upward. And they have, again, a Steve Preda who can help them through the process. How they get that capital often is what trips people up. So that’s where I kind of first got into this.  I was an acquisition guy. I knew how to spend other people’s money, but I didn’t know at that time how to raise the money. And I’ve done it several times. I’ve raised $100 million for three different companies. And like everything in life, like with Summit, there is a process that you go through. And I love doing it. I just love doing that kind of stuff.  Okay. So when you are doing capital raising, fundraising, M&A deals, or real estate transactions, is there a framework that has helped you, that you figured out along the way? And think about something that is three to five steps. Maybe it’s a mental model of how you look at things, or maybe it’s a process. How would you describe that framework that you have, or that has helped you, so that the listeners would also benefit from it?  The listeners are best served if they step back from their preconceived notions of, A, how they think capital is attracted, because they usually are wrong. And they step back from how wonderful they are. And those two things are difficult. Because the reality is, no one is waiting to give you money. That’s foolish. You’ve got to sell the concept like you have to sell everything else. And what you sell is not what you think is wonderful. It’s what the market is going to think is wonderful. It’s like with any other product you’re making. “Hey, I made this great widget.” And the population looks at it and says, “I don’t need it. I don’t want it. I don’t know what it does.”  And depending on whether you’re trying to raise $100,000 from friends and family or $100 million on Wall Street, you look at who it is that you know. Because people that you know might at least return your phone call. So if you don’t know Bill Gates, thinking that you’re going to go to Bill Gates and get a billion dollars is, well, stup*d. But if you’re just trying to raise money from friends and family, and you have an aunt who lives three states away that you don’t see very often, and she has some money, okay, then you start with who you know. So, for instance, thinking about one of the many ways that you can raise money, there’s something called intrastate. And it is something that’s allowed by the Securities and Exchange Commission. If all of your money is raised within your own state, there are certain allowances for that.  But if you do one transaction outside the state, it all collapses. So like everything else on the business side, where there are certain rules that you can’t violate without getting into trouble, it’s the same thing when raising money. And I get so many people saying, “I’m going to list this on Wall Street, and I’m going to make…” It’s like, “No, you don’t. You better be prepared. If you’re going to list something on Wall Street, you’d better have $25 million that you can risk just to get it out there. And nine times out of ten you’re going to fail.” Not because there’s anything wrong with you.  It’s just that if you’re going to climb Mount Kilimanjaro with a pair of Keds, a T-shirt, and some shorts, you’re not prepared to climb that mountain. It’s no different when raising capital. And also think about when you were a kid. At a certain age, your parents let you cross the street to see your buddy. Then ten years later, they’ll let you get in the car and drive, but you’ve got to get home by midnight. It’s the same thing with raising money. And there aren’t a lot of folks who have done what I’ve done. So talking to your local lawyer or accountant—who may be wonderful people—but if they’ve never raised money, they’re not the people to talk to.  One of the ways people get taken advantage of on a regular basis is they’ll go to a securities attorney. The securities attorney will charge them $100,000 and write this great offering document, and no one ever gives them a penny. Because lawyers generally have no clue what’s happening in the marketplace. I own my own securities broker-dealer. I’ve also raised money for three different companies. It’s not easy. But like having read your book, Steve, if you follow certain paths, there’s at least a chance for success. Same thing here. Fascinating. So what I’m taking away in terms of a framework: Be aware that people are not out there waiting to give you money. You have to sell them. So that’s the first step. The second one is: start with who you know. Don’t start on Wall Street. Start with the people you know, where you have some trust, the people you understand, and where you have a chance to get there. And then look at some special circumstance that’s going to give you a leg up. For example—  Absolutely. Again, this is coming right out of your book on the business side. You create a widget. So what? But you create a widget that solves a problem. Ah. Then you have something. So it’s the same thing. When you get over onto the money-raising side, it’s: who do you know? Where do they live? How much money do they have? How do I approach them? But then, in the end, it’s not what’s in it for you, it’s what’s in it for them. And for them, if it’s friends and family, your mama may give you some money because she thinks you’re cute.  Your aunt might give you some money because she’s related to your mama. But at some point, you’re going to people who really have a checkbook. They have money in the checkbook. They’re not going to give this up just because you’re cute or you have a great idea. You’re either going to get them because you have something they’ve never heard of, or you have something that really feels like it could solve one of their needs. And their needs are not always what you think. Some people think, “Well, what they need is high cash flow.” What if they don’t need cash flow, but they’re really interested in a cure for cancer?  What if you think, “Well, it’s really going to go up in value”? Well, they have all the money they need. They’re not looking for that. But is this something that is going to allow their nephew to come work for you? Yeah. When you start thinking that you know what other people are thinking, that’s when you’re going to fail. When you can step back and just ask them, “Well, what’s important to you?” If you can’t have a conversation, one, you’re never going to date anybody, and you’re never going to raise any money.  And don’t be slick. You can be slick for three sentences, and at that point they’re going to reject everything you say thereafter. So don’t talk about how much money you’re going to make and all the rest of it. No. Talk about them. Talk about them. Talk about them. Your document should talk about them. Your questions should talk about them. Now, does that mean there are certain people who won’t put money into your deal? Yes, because it doesn’t fit. If you sell high-heeled shoes and a runner comes in, they’re generally not going to buy your high-heeled shoes. They’re not going to invest money in high-heeled shoes.  But if that high-heeled shoe actually is a running shoe, and you can break off the heel and then… I mean, I don’t know. You could come up with something there. And the folks that say no are sometimes your biggest advocates. What? The folks that… Yes. Because you’ve been able to get into their head, and they’ve shaken it around, and they’ve looked at it and said, “No, that’s probably not right for me. I’m not into high-heeled shoes, but I have a friend.” If you’ve done a sincere job, a thoughtful job, you’ve really asked them questions, and you’ve connected on an emotional level, they’ll open the next door. And that’s what it’s about. It’s often a lot of the same things that you teach people about how to sell their company. It’s how they sell—  Rick, this is fascinating. So how do you connect with people on an emotional level? What’s the trick there?  First thing is: why are they going to take a meeting with you? Why they take a meeting with you answers almost everything that we’ve just asked. If they’re taking a meeting with you because you’re related, okay, that’s the emotional connection. If they take a meeting with you because some friend of yours called them and said, “This is a great way to make money,” that’s another reason. If you found them in an article in the paper—yes, there are things called newspapers. They print them. There are words in them. And there’s somebody in there who has shown an interest in something you do.  Then you’re talking to them about that interest. You want to try to avoid cold calls. Really, it’s a waste of your time and a waste of their time. It’s a random thing. It’s like asking every girl who walks by in college, “Do you want to go out on a date?” Sometimes it works. You get slapped a lot, get arrested, and what have you. There’s this thing called the internet, Steve. And what shocks me is how few people—not just my age, but young pups—say, “Well, that’s for watching YouTube videos.” No.  Through the internet, you have so much information. So maybe I can’t find anything about Johnny Jones, but his kids are on there and what sports they play. Huh. Okay, so I used to do judo. I did three years of judo in high school. If somebody’s doing karate or whatever, I have an opening. I have something to talk about. Now, it’s great if what you have to talk about then connects to something else that they want. It’s a linking process of connecting various things together. It’s what I did… I told you I was a member of the General Assembly in Pennsylvania way back in the ’70s.  And I learned there that if I could get people talking about themselves, or their next-door neighbor, or some relative… What’s funny is people are much more likely to tell you about somebody else. So when I go into a company—this is just a side note—when I’m doing due diligence and I really want to know their financial condition, I’m not going to get it from the CFO. I’m going to get it from somebody over in property management. Why? Because the property management person knows not to tell me anything secret about property management, but they’ll talk about finances all the time. And it’s the same thing. If I’m in a family and I want to know about Daddy, I talk to the daughter.  If I want to know about a neighbor, I talk to a neighbor. I can go to the post office. Everything you ever need to position yourself to sell is out there waiting for you. But you’ve got to get out of your head what you think the market is about and start thinking about individuals within the market. And accept that when I’ve raised money, 70% to 80% of the people I call on don’t do a deal with me. But of that 70%, half of them lead me to somebody else. And I keep up with them. They become my support group. They become my unofficial advisors. Because I’m a decent guy, they want me to succeed. And once they know I’m not bugging them anymore, I say, “Hey, you told me I should go talk to such-and-such.  Here’s what I heard.” And then the network just expands. And occasionally, that person who said no has somebody new come into their life and says, “You need to go talk to Rick Chess.” And sometimes the next time I’m raising money, their situation is different. So the person who told me no originally has seen me work the market and close the deal. It’s amazing how attractive an opportunity is once you can’t put any more money into it. And so you let them know, “I know it wasn’t the right time for you to come into my deal, but we did buy this company. We’ve doubled their…” Whatever it is. You continue to work with them. If somebody is willing to give you time on the phone, on Zoom, at a coffee shop, or wherever, they’re your friend for life. They don’t know that yet, but you’re going to make them your friend for life. It’s the old six degrees of separation—the Kevin Bacon game.  Everybody’s related to somebody somewhere. And it’s what makes this fun for me. You were talking before about growing an exit. I love the process of putting together the network and feeding the network. There are people I’ve known for 50 years that I still talk with.  You’re very good at connecting people and making them look good with other people that you connect them to. It’s very gratifying. So this is a long game, right? Absolutely.  It’s a long game because you’re being decent. You listen to people. You find something that helps them. You learn what they need, what is the itch that needs to be scratched, and then you connect people who can help them scratch that itch. And then they will reciprocate, and it becomes a self-perpetuating process.  Well, I mean, an example is the work that I do in North Carolina with a family that owns 44 hotels. A woman who was my CPA left the CPA firm and became the family officer for a large family here in Richmond. A friend of hers who does advisory work with family offices was giving up on a client. So she told my friend, who used to be a CPA. She introduced me to them and said, “Would you be willing to serve on the board of a private company?” I said, “Well, do they pay?” I used to be on the board of a public company, and after a certain age, you’re not attractive anymore.  After a certain age, they want you off the board because the institutions say, “We want a mix on the board. So I got introduced to these people, and I’ve had a great time. Members of the family have hired me for other work, and it just goes on and on. But I’ve learned that you’ve got to pay it forward. So I have students of mine from VCU who I’ve helped place in jobs. I keep up with them. I give them ideas. And they’re often shocked to find that I’m still in touch with them. I’m not asking them for anything. I’m just saying, “Look, I paid it forward to you. Now it’s your turn to pay it forward to somebody else.” And some of them are doing it. Some of them haven’t caught on yet.  But it is the circle of life, and it’s all tied together. And there are skills you have that I don’t have. There are skills I have that you don’t have. We both have folks that work with business brokers because they have a different drive. But it’s also self-selecting. There are a lot of people you’ve met that you don’t do business with. There are a lot of people I’ve met that I don’t do business with. If you’re going to get into raising money, doing governance, or doing exit planning, whatever it may be, one of the most important things is saying no. Or, “No, I don’t want to work with this person.” You can always be friendly with them. Yeah. But I try to fire a client every month. Somebody that just doesn’t fit for me ethically. Yeah. Or I don’t think there’s anything more I can do for them.  I pass off legal work to other attorneys in Virginia. I’m the chair of the Real Property Section of the state bar. There are 1,550 attorneys. I have plenty of attorneys that I can pass things on to, and they’re happy to get the business, and I’m happy. I’ve got somebody that I’ve referred that’s happy that I’ve referred them. My biggest challenge, my wife would say, my son would say, is that I’m a squirrel chaser. Something new and interesting comes along, and I want to get involved with it. And I’ve wasted so much time. So I’m working with this hotel group down in North Carolina. The last time I had worked with a hotel company was 30 years earlier. Two owners couldn’t agree on a direction.  I worked with them for six months. We made a decision. It was great work. I learned a lot about hotels. But I then went 30 years without applying the same skills. And that’s one thing that, with age, I’ve realized. I am better off saying: “I’ll help you with capital, I’ll help you with governance, and when you’re ready, I’ll help you exit.” That’s it.  Yeah.  If it’s not one of those three, I’ll talk about it.  Yeah.  I’ll listen to you. You don’t want to engage me.  Yeah. I mean, people want deep expertise. They don’t want generalists. They want someone who knows what they’re talking about and who can link them to other resources who also know what they’re talking about. And in today’s age, I think this is becoming more important again. Because of the internet, there was a disintermediation going on, but now there is a reintermediation, I believe. Because there’s so much noise out there, you don’t know what is true and what is fake. AI is creating a lot of fake stuff.  The only people you can really trust are the people who are in front of you, or someone recommends them whom you trust. It’s a transparency thing. So I think what you’re doing is very valuable. It’s going to become even more valuable. And knowledge is ubiquitous. You can ask ChatGPT, and it will give you an answer. But how do you get the trust? How do you get the emotion? How do you get the relationships? That’s all human stuff. And if you still have that, then you’ve got what is valuable.  Well, I have a friend of mine who wrote a book, and he wrote it as a fable. What I love about it is that I know the true story behind the fable. And what comes across in every single chapter is that, with that trust, people who were afraid took a step. And often that is the hardest thing. So I go to the gym six days a week, and the gym is hard. Getting in the car to drive there is the hard part. Once I’m there, I’m around friends, I work hard, I sweat, I get better. Getting in that car and driving down the drive…  So in your fable, in your book, and in most of where I’ve had success, I would love to say it was because I was brilliant. Eh, sometimes I will say I was brilliant. But let me give you an example. United Dominion Realty Trust, now based in Denver and originally based here in Richmond, has been around for 35 years. It was one of the original five REITs in the country—real estate investment trusts. I came in as acquisitions director. They hadn’t closed a deal in a year. I closed three in the first three months. I grew the firm tenfold in 10 years, and I had great people. Buddy Scott as an analyst. Catherine Surface as an attorney.  But what I did was look at it and say, “Does anybody know what we’re trying to buy?” Because they had no acquisition criteria. So I wrote a one-page acquisition criteria document and put it out to everybody who had ever submitted a deal. Oh, and we weren’t responding to the submissions. So a submission would come in, they would look at it and say, “Okay, that doesn’t work.” But they never told anybody no. So one of my rules was that anything that came in would get a response within 48 hours.  And it should be specific. “We don’t like this because of the city.” “We don’t like this because of the roof.” Something specific, because I knew they’d pay attention. And by responding within 48 hours, we went from struggling to get submissions to doubling our submissions within a year. Because people were like, “Oh, we know what they want. We know they will respond.” And then—and this probably sounds outrageous—we celebrated. We put out a newsletter every month. This is back when you mailed things, so we’re going way back into the dinosaur era. But anytime a broker brought us something that we bought, we would do a full-page spread on the broker. We were marketing him or her.  People loved us. And they would tell others about us. So owners would know that if they came to us, we’d make a fair offer and we’d move on. So I would love to say that’s because I was a great attorney. I would love to say that’s because I was insightful. It was just like, “Well, damn, this is obvious.” And reading some of your stuff, I’ve seen you point that out to people time and time again.  You give me too much credit. But yeah, I mean, if you’re there, they say that if you work hard for 25 years, you can become an overnight success. So yeah, it does get obvious when you’ve been studying it long and hard. Well, listen, Rick, that’s been wonderful. So what is your final thought for an entrepreneur, a young entrepreneur or founder who’s coming up? Maybe he’s in real estate. Maybe he’s trying to be successful. What’s the most important mindset for an entrepreneur to become successful?  Well, I mean, you’ve got to know something. I mean, you either need to really know construction, or you’ve got to really know how to lease a space. If you’re going into it like they do on HDTV, like, “Oh, we’re going to find this property and it’s going to be…” You’re going to fail. So get good at something. Accept the fact that you’re not going to be good at everything. Find people who fill in the spots where you aren’t good. In the old days, you might have had to hire them. In today’s world, there are fractional CFOs.  And then when you get down to picking your experts—your attorneys, your accountants, the people that cost you real money—ask them a simple question: When was the last time they did whatever it is that you’re trying to do? Not when was the last time they prepared a securities document. When was the last time they prepared a securities document that succeeded? And that’ll knock out two-thirds of them right there.  Love it. That’s fantastic. Well, if you’re listening to this and you want to be successful in business, or you have a business and maybe you’re getting close to retirement and want to figure out how to transition it, how to exit right, and how to structure it… Or maybe you have a family company and you’re trying to put together a board, and you need someone who really understands governance. Or if you’re trying to do a transaction, a merger, or an acquisition, and you need a trusted advisor who will connect you to the right people and help you make it happen, then call Rick Chess. Rick Chess is here in Richmond. He is on LinkedIn. And you have a website as well, Rick, right?  Yep, yep.  What’s your domain?  It’s chesslawfirm.com.  Chesslawfirm.com. So you can go there, and Rick is going to respond because he always does within 24 hours, or 48 hours max, and he’ll help you. So Rick, thank you very much for coming on the show and sharing your wisdom with us. And if you’re listening to this and you like this show, please follow us on YouTube and Apple Podcasts. Give us a review, and make sure you listen to every episode because we have very exciting entrepreneurs and subject matter experts sharing their knowledge. So thank you for coming, and thank you for listening. Important Links: Rick's LinkedIn Rick's website

The Tom Dupree Show  |  Podcast Show Notes The Nike Cautionary Tale: What Happens When Leadership Loses Touch With Its Customers The Tom Dupree Show  |  Dupree Financial Group  |  dupreefinancial.com  |  859-233-0400 Episode Description Nike spent decades building one of the most recognized brands on the planet — the Swoosh, the Air Jordan, high-heat basketball shoes that consumers lined up for, and a presence in every major sporting goods retailer in the world. Then, in 2020, the company handed its future to a CEO who believed physical retail was a dying model, and what followed became a study in how quickly a great company can lose its way. Tom Dupree and analyst Michael Dawahare walk through the full arc of Nike’s rise and decline — from its origins in performance athletics to a stock that traded at $180 and has since fallen to around $44. They examine the strategic decisions that caused the damage, the board failures that let it compound, and what retirement investors can take directly from the story. “You cannot put your own lenses on the lenses of your customer — you have to ask how they see the world, not how you see it.” Topics Covered • How Nike’s origins in performance athletics shaped the brand — and why that foundation was eventually abandoned • The 2020 appointment of CEO John Donahoe and the pivot toward a direct-to-consumer distribution model • Why walking away from wholesale partners like Foot Locker and specialty running stores was a catastrophic miscalculation • How competitors — HOKA, On Cloud, New Balance, ASICS, and Brooks — filled the shelf space Nike gave away • The role of groupthink and board failure in allowing the strategy to continue long after warning signs appeared • The Jordan Brand challenge: what happens when a generational endorsement ages out with no succession plan • Nike’s attempted course correction, the arrival of new CEO Elliott Hill, and why recovery is proving harder than expected • The parallel between Nike’s story and retirement portfolio management: proven strategy, fundamentals, and the danger of chasing new models Key Takeaways • Know what your portfolio is actually built on. The moment Nike shifted focus from technical performance products, competitors filled the gap. The same risk applies when an investment strategy drifts from its core principles. • Never surrender your shelf space. Giving up distribution — or abandoning a proven income strategy during volatility — is almost impossible to reverse. Re-entry is rarely seamless. • Leadership bias is one of the most expensive mistakes in business. Donahoe was an outstanding digital executive who ran a physical consumer company through a digital lens. Bias in a CEO — or a portfolio manager — costs real money. • Boards exist to prevent catastrophic decisions. Most don’t. Nike’s board approved a strategy that effectively fired its wholesale customer base. Institutional oversight is only as good as the willingness to ask uncomfortable questions. • Consumer loyalty, once transferred, is remarkably sticky. Runners who switched to HOKA or On Cloud did not come back. When a customer finds something they prefer, you may have lost them for good. • Recovery takes far longer than the damage itself. Nearly two years into Elliott Hill’s tenure, Nike still cannot get traction. A few years of bad decisions can take a decade to undo — in business and in retirement portfolios. • Proven strategies deserve skepticism about replacement, not abandonment. When a new model sounds compelling, always ask: What is the process? Has it been tested? And who benefits when you believe in it? About The Tom Dupree Show The Tom Dupree Show is hosted by Tom Dupree, founder of Dupree Financial Group and a 47-year veteran of the investment business. Each episode covers the financial topics that matter most to retirees and those approaching retirement — in plain English, without the Wall Street spin. Dupree Financial Group is a fee-only, fiduciary Registered Investment Advisory firm based in Lexington, Kentucky. The firm manages separately managed accounts focused on income-generating, dividend-paying portfolios — no products sold, no commissions, no conflicts of interest. Past episodes are available at dupreefinancial.com under the Radio tab. Schedule a Complimentary Portfolio Review If you’re not sure whether your portfolio is built on the same principles Nike abandoned — proven strategy, staying close to what works, and never losing sight of the fundamentals — we’ll take a look. No charge. No pressure. Just an honest conversation about what you own and whether it’s working for you. Call: 859-233-0400  |  Visit: dupreefinancial.com Dupree Financial Group is a Registered Investment Adviser (RIA) registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Registration does not imply a certain level of skill or training. The information presented on this podcast is for educational purposes only and should not be construed as personalized investment advice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Investing involves risk, including the potential loss of principal. Please consult a qualified financial professional before making investment decisions. The post Nike’s Fall: Leadership Lessons for Retirement Investors appeared first on Dupree Financial.

Are you ready for the next grizzly bear?—not the animal, but a major market downturn. He discusses the history of market corrections, bear markets, and the rare but devastating grizzly bear markets, illustrating why it's crucial to evaluate your portfolio's risk level during strong market conditions—not during times of crisis. Whether you're approaching retirement or still in your wealth-building years, this episode will prompt you to reconsider your risk tolerance, portfolio diversification, and readiness for inevitable market storms.Outline of This Episode[03:34] Importance of communicating about conflict before it arises [06:27] Discussing market downturns and returns[10:16] Understanding Market Corrections[11:31] S&P 500 correction frequency[16:51] Assessing portfolio risk levels[18:01] Understanding risk and portfolio deviations[24:03] Preparing for market downturns[25:11] Preparing for market downturnsThe Importance of Talking About Risk—Before the DownturnMuch like in relationships, it's best to address potential conflicts before they arise; investors address risk before markets turn volatile. Re-evaluating your comfort with risk and your portfolio's construction when things are calm puts you in the driver's seat. Waiting until a downturn hits can leave you reactionary and vulnerable to poor decisions—like panic selling when it hurts the most.Understanding Corrections, Bear Markets, and Grizzly Bear MarketsI break market volatility into three categories:1. Corrections – The Baby BearA correction is a market drop of at least 10% from its recent high. While the news can make a big fuss about corrections, they are common and, historically, have historically recovered relatively quickly. The S&P 500 has seen 28 corrections since 1969—that's about one every two years. The best move during a correction is strategic rebalancing, not panic.2. Bear Markets – The BearBear markets are drops of 20% or more. Since 1969, they've happened eight times—about once every seven years. Bear markets are more serious than corrections and can be emotionally challenging, but they're still a normal part of the investing cycle. If you're lying awake at night during a bear market, it probably means your portfolio risk wasn't suited to your comfort level before the downturn.3. Grizzly Bear Markets – The Real ThreatA grizzly bear market is a severe drop of 30% or more, and these are rare but devastating. Since 1969, only three have occurred: during the oil and stagflation crisis of the ‘70s, the dot-com bubble in the early 2000s, and the 2008 financial crisis. These markets can take years to recover—some up to 91 months for a portfolio invested solely in the S&P 500.Diversification and RebalancingWhat separates those who weather grizzly bear markets from those who don't? Preparation and portfolio construction. A diversified 60% stocks/40% bonds portfolio has historically fared much better during grizzly bear markets—experiencing smaller drawdowns and much faster recovery times than a pure stock portfolio. By owning more than one asset class and maintaining an “airbag” of bonds and cash, retirees can draw on their safer reserves during downturns, giving stocks time to recover.The Questions Every Investor Should Be AskingIf you're living off your investments, in or near retirement, now is the time to ask:Is my plan set up for the next grizzly bear?Can I withstand a major downturn?Do I have the right mix of stocks, bonds, and cash?Has my advisor “back-tested” my plan against worst-case scenarios?Grizzly bear markets, though rare, are inevitable over a long investing life. The pain is real—but so are the solutions. Assess your risk now, diversify, prepare your cash and bond airbags, and ensure your plan has been rigorously tested for rough times. Addressing risk in your portfolio now leaves you sleeping soundly—no matter what the market throws your way.Connect With Scott WellensSchedule a discovery call with ScottSend a message to ScottVisit Fortress Planning GroupConnect with Scott on LinkedInFollow Scott on TwitterFortress Planning Group on FacebookSubscribe to Best In WealthAudio Production and Show Notes byPODCAST FAST TRACKhttps://www.podcastfasttrack.comPodcast Disclaimer:The Best In Wealth Podcast is hosted by Scott Wellens. Scott Wellens is the principal at Fortress Planning Group. Fortress Planning Group is a registered investment advisory firm regulated by the US Securities and Exchange Commission in accordance and compliance with securities laws and regulations. Fortress Planning Group does not render or offer to render personalized investment or tax advice through the Best In Wealth Podcast. The information provided is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial, tax, investment or legal advice.

Gary Gensler, former Chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission, says SpaceX’s blockbuster IPO is part of a new era of mega-IPOs, raising questions about valuation, governance and what future AI debuts could look like. He also warns AI models could create a financial stability event and discusses the regulatory fight over prediction markets. He speaks with host Kailey Leinz.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

What would happen if you stepped away from your shop for three months? Would the business continue to run, or would everything come to a halt?In this episode, Matt Di Francesco explores the difference between being an operator and being an owner, why owner dependency can limit business value, and how reducing your day-to-day involvement can create more freedom, growth, and transferability. Learn practical strategies to build a business that works for you, not because of you.Matt also talks about:(01:17) Why being the best technician can actually hurt your business value(02:17) The difference between working in your business and growing your business(03:24) How to uncover the hidden risks of an owner-centric business(05:06) Why asking "Who, not How" can transform your business(06:20) How reducing owner dependency creates more freedom and cash flow(07:12) Why buyers pay higher multiples for businesses that run without the ownerConnect With Matt DiFrancesco:matt@highliftfin.com(814)201-5855LinkedIn: Matt DiFrancescoLinkedIn: High Lift FinancialFacebook: High Lift Financial Instagram: @high_lift_financialYouTube: @highliftfinancialDisclaimer:All information is obtained from sources deemed reliable, but not guaranteed. No tax or legal advice is given nor intended. Content provided herein or on our website should not be construed as an offer for investment advice or for securities, insurance, or other investment products. Investments involve the risk of loss and are not guaranteed. Consult a qualified legal, tax, accounting, or financial professional before implementing any investments or strategies discussed here.High Lift Financial is a DBA for DiFrancesco Financial Concierge, LLC.  Investment advisory services are provided through Cornerstone Planning Group, LLC, an independent advisory firm registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Days after ChatGPT launched, Intercom called it an “iPhone moment" and bet a $300 million ARR business that AI was the future of customer service. On this episode of Onward, Ben talks with Paul Adams, Chief Product Officer of Fin (formerly Intercom), about the pivot to AI customer service: why the decision was easier than you might think, why the culture change was brutal, and how the bet ended up strengthening the legacy business instead of killing it. Since Fundrise runs its own investor relations program on Fin, the episode doubles as a customer interview. They get into AI's effect on knowledge work, the risk of letting an agent write to a database, Claude Code as "magic," and why Paul calls himself a "delusional optimist" about what comes next.— For a deeper dive into these insights and more, be sure to listen to the full episode of the Onward podcast.Have questions or feedback about this episode? Drop us a note at Onward@Fundrise.com.Onward is hosted by Ben Miller, Co-Founder and CEO of Fundrise. Podcast production by The Podcast Consultant. Music by Seaplane Armada.About Fundrise:With over 2 million users, Fundrise is America's largest direct-to-investor alternative asset investment platform. Since 2012, our mission has been to build a better financial system by empowering the individual. We make it easier and more efficient than ever for anyone to invest in institutional-quality private alternative assets — all at the touch of a button.Please see fundrise.com/oc for more information on all of the Fundrise-sponsored investment funds and products, including each fund's offering document(s).Want to see the specific assets that make up and power Fundrise portfolios? Check out our active and past projects at www.fundrise.com/assets.More Info & DisclaimersThere are no guarantees investment holdings of the Fundrise Innovation Fund (the "Fund") will be successful.Investing in the Fund is speculative and involves substantial risks. You should purchase shares of the Fund only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. Nothing in this material should be construed as tax advice, an offer, recommendation, or solicitation to buy or sell any security.Past performance does not guarantee future results. Current and future holdings are subject to risk, and returns of one portfolio company are not indicative of an investment in the Fund. For Fund performance and the most recent schedule of investments, visit GetVCX.com. The Fund's annual and semi-annual reports (Form N-CSR), quarterly portfolio holdings (Form N-PORT), and other periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission are available on EDGAR at sec.gov and at GetVCX.com.The Innovation Fund is publicly registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company.The Fund's portfolio will be concentrated in securities issued by technology companies and other investments that provide economic exposure to technology companies and as such, it may be subject to more risks than if it were broadly diversified across additional sectors and industries of the economy. Certain technology companies may face special risks that their products or services may not prove to be commercially successful. Technology companies are also strongly affected by worldwide scientific or technological developments, and as a result, their products may rapidly become obsolete.The Fund's investments in companies involved in, or exposed to, artificial intelligence-related businesses may be negatively impacted because of, among other things, limited product lines, markets, financial resources and/or personnel; intense competition and potentially rapid product obsolescence these companies may face; loss or impairment of intellectual property rights; and the inability to successfully develop products or services even after spending significant amount of resources.The Fund's investment in private company securities, whether made directly or indirectly (e.g., through derivatives or private pooled investment vehicles) are generally illiquid. Because private company securities are thinly traded, such securities may display especially volatile or erratic price movements, sometimes in response to relatively small changes in investor supply or demand or other market conditions.

House votes down an extension of the foreign spying power called FISA Sect. 702 a day before it is set to expire, with many Democrats upset at President Trump naming FHFA Director Bill Pulte as Acting Director of National Intelligence; after the vote, President Trump nominates Jay Clayton, U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York and former chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, to be the next permanent DNI; Just hours after President Trump says the U.S. would strike Iran 'very hard tonight,' he calls off the bombing, claiming a breakthrough in negotiations with Iran; Secretary of State Marco Rubio signs a sports diplomacy partnership with UFC CEO Dana White; Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche announces indictments against three people in Ohio for conspiring to smuggle unaccompanied minors across the U.S. border; Rep. Robert Garcia (D-CA), Oversight Committee ranking member, accuses Vice President JD Vance of leading a 'cover-up' of the Jeffrey Epstein files after news reports about the  Vice President's role in White House Situation Room meetings; First Lady Melania Trump promotes savings accounts for children in the foster care system; New York politicians talk about the NBA Knicks being one game closer to a championship and the World Cup soccer tournament getting underway. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Alex Thorn talks with Anthony Pompliano (ProCap) about ProCap's acquisition of Sylvia, an AI CFO, how AI-generated research could upend Wall Street, Bitcoin treasury companies building operating businesses, the CLARITY Act and the stablecoin yield fight, whether February's wick below $60K was the bottom, and Pomp's case for asset inflation alongside consumer deflation. Alex also talks with Beimnet Abebe (Galaxy Trading) about Bitcoin's relative strength versus sliding equities, Iran tail risks, the AI trade unwinding, megacap equity raises ahead of the SpaceX IPO, and gold's technical breakdown. Past performance is not indicative of future results.   Participants, along with Galaxy Digital, hold a financial interest in Anchorage Digital and Bitcoin (BTC). Galaxy regularly engages in buying and selling BTC, including hedging transactions, for its own proprietary accounts and on behalf of its counterparties. Galaxy also provides services to vehicles that invest in BTC.  If the value of such assets increases, those vehicles may benefit, and Galaxy's service fees may increase accordingly. The valuation in this communication is based on technical, fundamental, and market analysis and not on any formal valuation method. For more information, please refer to Galaxy's public filings and statements. Cryptocurrencies, including BTC, are inherently volatile and risky and ultimate market movements may not align with this statement.   For additional risks related to digital assets, please refer to the risk factors contained in filings Galaxy Digital Inc. makes with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) from time to time, including its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, available at www.sec.gov. This episode was recorded on Wednesday, June 10, 2026. ++ Follow us on Twitter, @glxyresearch, and read our research at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.galaxy.com/research/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to learn more! This podcast, and the information contained herein, has been provided to you by Galaxy Digital Holdings LP and its affiliates (“Galaxy Digital”) solely for informational purposes. View the full disclaimer at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.galaxy.com/disclaimer-galaxy-brains-podcast/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

United States Securities and Exchange Commission v. Panuwat

This week we talk about initial public offerings, Anthropic, and investment flywheels.We also discuss AI, financial entanglements, and backstops.Recommended Book: Superconvergence by Jamie MetzlTranscriptAn initial public offering, or IPO, is what happens when a private company goes public and starts selling shares of itself, occasionally to just institutional investors like banks and sovereign wealth funds, but usually also to retail investors, which means normal people who buy stocks as part of their investment strategy.Often private companies go this route, go public, because it's one of the primary ways of gleaning new, oftentimes large inflows of money, and that money can then be used for investments in assets for the company, but it also allows employees who have shares in the company as part of their compensation to cash out, to get paid possibly a huge bonus for all their efforts, and it's often a means by which executives garner huge paydays for themselves, because they can now sell their accumulated shares, or borrow against them, or because they have something in their contract that says they get x amount of bonus money or new shares if they take the company public, or achieve a certain valuation goal—and going public is a good way to do that.This is also one of the primary ways investors in a company, whether that's a bunch of smaller seed investors or big-name venture capitalists, to get their money back; the 10 or 100x-ing of their investment, getting ten or 100-times the money they put into the company, generally happens through an IPO, because it can balloon the valuation of that company, and it gives them a more conventional and reliable way of getting money back for their shares: they can just sell those shares on the open market.So an IPO allows a private company to make shares of itself available to others, on scale. And the ‘initial' part of initial public offering points at the early days of the process, during which the baseline price of a share of stock is established.A fairly arcane and complex process has emerged around this, and it's an entire industry at this point, with some institutions specializing in taking companies public, helping them get as high an initial price on that stock as possible. They also help them leap all sorts of regulatory hurdles set by the Securities and Exchange Commission, if they're going public on a US exchange, at least, other bodies handle such things in other countries, and these going-public entities, called underwriters, which are usually investment banks, also typically have their own stake in the matter, earning compensation through a fee called a ‘gross spread,' which is the difference between a discounted rate on the stock and what the stock is sold for on the open market on that first day it's available.What I'd like to talk about today is a wave of very closely watched unusual, impending IPOs that are coming later this year, and one of them in particular that looks to be even more unusual than the rest.—SpaceX, OpenAI, and Anthropic are three of the largest companies in human history; on paper, at least.And that's an important caveat. Market valuation for private companies is generally determined by how much investors are willing to spend on a percentage ownership of the company. So if you start a lemonade stand and I offer to buy 1/10th of that lemonade stand from you for $100, that implies, using this logic, that your lemonade stand has a valuation of $1000; 10 times that $100 that I offered to pay you.Such valuations are also informed by independent analyses from outside experts and institutions. SpaceX, for instance, pre-IPO, is estimated to be worth somewhere between $780 billion and nearly $2 trillion, depending on who you listen to, based on their assets, their potential future earnings, and any advantages they might have in the markets in which they operate.AI company Anthropic is estimated to be worth something like $965 billion, based on a May 2026 series H funding round, through which it raised $65 billion; based on that funding round, the calculations were done, and just shy of a trillion dollars is what the math says the company is worth, though some outside analyses say it's worth a bit less than that, while others suggest it's maybe closer to $1.4 trillion.OpenAI, a direct competitor of Anthropic, is valued at about $100 billion less than Anthropic based on its most recent $122 billion funding round, but again, analyses put the company's actual value, what people and investors would pay for it on the open market, all over the place.Each of these companies have different variables acting upon them heading into a period in which it's expected that all three will IPO.OpenAI kicked off the current AI race, for instance, but it's burning money at an incredible rate, and has yet to make a profit, losing billions per year, and will probably continue to lose billions each year for a while into the future.Anthropic, on the other hand, offers a similar product as OpenAI, but is projected to post its first quarterly operating profit of just over half a billion dollars in Q2 2026, making it one of the first frontier-model-making AI companies to make a profit, as most of these companies are investing so heavily in research and infrastructure like data centers that they're still in heavy cash-burn mode.SpaceX is distinct from these other two also high-flying, cash-burning tech companies in part because of its colorful and controversial owner, Elon Musk, and in part because it's a rocket launch company that also sells internet services beamed down to earth from satellites, and until recently, most of its reliable income has come from that single offering, selling internet access. But it also recently had X, formerly called Twitter, a social network, and an AI company meant to compete directly with OpenAI and Anthropic, called xAI, folded into it.So it's now a multifaceted company with several edgy, but somewhat mature and difficult to compete with offerings, most of which make no money, but all of which in theory at least kinda sorta orient around AI and other sci-fi goods and services.The surge in interest and investment in AI over the past several years led to a pivot for most of Musk's companies, and that led to the merging of the smaller xAI and X into SpaceX, which was the only really profitable company of that trio of companies, and that merging, until just recently, made SpaceX unprofitable, as well.Because of the unprofitability and relative unpopularity of xAI's offerings, like the controversy-ridden Grok chatbot, SpaceX has recently taken to leasing out its data centers to competitors, like Anthropic and Google, each of which are paying around a billion dollars a month to use some of SpaceX's data center capacity, which xAI hasn't needed, because of the unpopularity of Grok, for their own AI services. That, in turn, has suddenly made SpaceX a little bit profitable, which is important for reasons I'll get into momentarily.This portion of the US-based AI industry is kind of a tangle in many ways, all of these companies competing, but also intersecting and overlapping, often investing in each other and in the infrastructure that underpins them, while also being invested in by those same infrastructural entities. And these three companies' IPOs are being seen as something of a weathervane, their success or failure, and the degree to which they succeed or fail hinting at the direction of this industry, and whether or not this is a financial bubble that will soon, or eventually, pop.There are hints that those at the top of these companies are attempting to hedge their bets, in case their IPOs don't do what they need them to do, or don't do what they need them to do at the right magnitude.Sam Altman, OpenAI's also fairly controversy-ridden CEO, has been very close with US President Trump, and has reportedly been holding meetings about the possibility of the US government taking a significant stake in OpenAI, and maybe other AI companies as well. The idea here is that US funds, so taxpayer dollars, would be invested in these companies, and that would tie the companies more closely to the US government, which could be beneficial if these companies then increase in value, making the US government a profit on that investment. This would be beneficial for the companies, in turn, because they would basically be backstopped by the US government; the US would be more likely to help them stay solvent to avoid losing that invested capital, with its regulations and laws related to AI, but it would also make these companies too big and too important to fail, giving them a lot of leeway in how they behave and compete, or fail to, from that point forward. And if they do still fail, the US taxpayer would be paying for a significant portion of that loss while those in charge, investors and the higher-ups of these companies, would walk away with a bunch of money.SpaceX is taking another approach to IPO bet-hedging, by asking top US stock indices, like the Nasdaq 100 and S&P 500, which track top stocks, ‘top' designated by value, but also other metrics, usually related to stability and profitability, to ignore some of those other metrics and allow SpaceX entrance into their indices more rapidly than would typically be allowed.These indices are meant, in part, to help protect investors from volatility. High-flying startups might surge at the beginning, immediately after their IPO, but then fizzle out when it becomes clear their fundamentals aren't good, and they're not actually a solid investment, long-term.What SpaceX wants is to be allowed into this club of valuable, long-term profitable and stable companies, because it is big and flashy and might have the largest IPO in history. And if these indices don't want to be left out of all that, the argument goes, they should allow SpaceX into their club, regardless of those long-time rules of admittance.Nasdaq, which runs the exchange where SpaceX will be listed, agreed to a rules change in May of 2026 that will allow large private companies, like SpaceX, that go public on their exchange, fast entry onto the Nasdaq 100 list.This change of rules was made exclusively for SpaceX, and it could have a significant impact on the company's IPO, because many index funds and exchange-traded funds, ETFs, track the Nasdaq 100, which means they balance their portfolio based on what's in the Nasdaq 100, keeping things relatively or absolutely proportionate to that fund.That means because of this change, a lot of everyday, passive investors, who have their retirement funds and pension plans and even their personal portfolios in index funds and ETFs that track the Nasdaq 100 will automatically end up holding some or a lot of SpaceX stock, despite it being an untested, new, currently unprofitable company. Some of these funds are automatically managed and will just buy SpaceX because that's what they're programmed to do, and others are managed by humans, but because they've promised their customers to keep their funds aligned with the market, more money going into SpaceX means they'll be inclined to join the club and buy a bunch of SpaceX, as well. And because of how this works, the more funds buying SpaceX stock, the more funds will be required or inclined to buy; it's a sort of stock flywheel.That exposes all these investors to more volatility of the kind they maybe hoped to avoid by tracking this index, which isn't supposed to be volatile. But SpaceX's Musk was able to demand this change because, again, this is looking to be the biggest IPO in history, the company valued at $1.77 trillion dollars after the IPO. As a result, he can demand these sorts of things, and typically be listened to.Some other stock market indices have also said they would allow quick entrance to their lists for SpaceX and possibly OpenAI and Anthropic, as well.The S&P 500, however, after assessing the possibility of quick entry, has rejected the idea, saying it won't bend its rules, no matter how big these three IPOs are looking to be. That means folks with money in S&P 500-tracking funds will be protected from that initial volatility.That said those recent deals SpaceX made with Anthropic and Google nudged them into profitability, and if they can maintain that profitability for a year, post-IPO, then they'll be able to enter the S&P 500. And because Google's parent company Alphabet is a significant investor in SpaceX, they've already made money, on paper, on the deal they made with SpaceX for that datacenter capacity, paying out less than they're making back in valuation.So that tangle of relationships is likely to continue to enrich those in charge of these companies, and those who hold a bunch of shares of their stock, but it's also likely to get more of these massive, but volatile companies into ostensibly less-volatile indices, faster, which could have repercussions for the one-third of private US wealth that is currently invested in the stock market.Show Noteshttps://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ipo.asphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_public_offeringhttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-06-05/spacex-s-75-billion-ipo-draws-more-orders-than-shares-availablehttps://www.marketwatch.com/story/elon-musk-needs-the-cultish-support-of-everyday-investors-to-pull-off-the-massive-spacex-ipo-08e7ea49https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/spacexs-ipo-dream-runs-into-wall-streets-oldest-test-chart-of-the-day-114542191.htmlhttps://www.cnbc.com/2026/06/05/tech-download-anthropic-ipo-ai-valuations.htmlhttps://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/05/technology/spacex-indexes-401k.htmlhttps://nypost.com/2026/06/04/business/one-third-of-americans-wealth-is-now-tied-to-the-stock-market-a-record-high/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2026/06/sp-500-blocks-fast-spacex-entry-wont-waive-rule-for-unprofitable-ai-firms/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2026/06/we-pissed-off-a-lot-of-people-giant-data-center-plan-cut-50-amid-protests/https://www.notus.org/technology/trump-ai-stake-openaihttps://techcrunch.com/2026/06/05/google-will-pay-spacex-920m-per-month-for-compute/ This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit letsknowthings.substack.com/subscribe

The maker of ChatGPT, OpenAI, has kicked off the process of selling its shares on public markets by submitting a confidential filing with the US Securities and Exchange Commission on Monday. The AI startup is looking to capitalise on its dominant position on the AI chatbot market in order to boost its financing needs. Also in this edition: Chinese exports continued to grow in May in spite of the war in Iran. Plus a new report suggests another retirement age hike in France.

THE TOM DUPREE SHOW  |  PODCAST SHOW NOTES I’m 55 and Behind on Retirement — Here’s What You Can Actually Do About It The Tom Dupree Show  |  Dupree Financial Group  |  dupreefinancial.com  |  859-233-0400 Episode Description Turning 55 can trigger some hard questions about retirement — not regrets about the past, but real concerns about the present. Tom Dupree and Lead Advisor Mike Johnson tackle one of the most common questions they hear from new clients: What do you actually do when you feel behind? This episode lays out a practical, honest framework for evaluating where you stand, calculating how much income your portfolio needs to produce, and identifying the specific actions that can still make a real difference in the next ten years. The conversation covers the math behind 401(k) catch-up contributions, the income gap calculation that determines whether your retirement plan actually works, why your expenses matter more than your portfolio balance, and the critical difference between volatility as a friend during accumulation versus a threat during withdrawals. Real client examples ground the discussion — including retirees who thrived on $400,000 and others who struggled with far more. The episode closes with a clear message for anyone in their mid-50s who has been putting off this conversation: the opportunity is still real, the tools are available, and it starts with one step. At 55, you might feel like you’re late getting started — but you still have a lot of opportunity to build real wealth and retire the way that you want. Topics Covered The income gap: How to calculate the difference between your fixed income sources and what you’ll actually need to spend in retirement 401(k) catch-up contributions: The 2026 limits for savers over 50, including the super catch-up provision for ages 60–63 Real accumulation scenarios: What maxing out a 401(k) at a 6% return actually produces over 10 years — for one earner and two Expenses as the key variable: Why what you spend in retirement matters more than how much you’ve saved Wealth vs. riches: Why clients with $400,000 sometimes retire better than those with $2 million Sequence-of-returns risk: How early losses in retirement can permanently damage a portfolio — and why income investing helps avoid that trap The wealth paradox: Why taking on more risk when you’re close to your target number can do more harm than good Social Security strategy: Age 62 vs. full retirement age vs. 70 — and how to think about spousal benefits and break-even timing In-service rollovers: How to start building an income-producing portfolio while you’re still working and contributing How to prepare for your first meeting: What to bring, what to expect, and how the planning conversation actually works Key Takeaways Your expenses determine everything. The question isn’t how much you’ve saved — it’s whether what you have can cover the gap between your fixed income and your actual spending. Get clear on your expenses before anything else. Age 55 is still a strong position. You’re likely near peak earnings, kids may be off the payroll, and 401(k) catch-up rules let you contribute up to $32,500 a year — or $35,750 between ages 60 and 63. Ten years of disciplined saving can still produce meaningful income. Don’t ignore the employer match. Contributing at least enough to capture your employer’s match is a 100% guaranteed return from day one. There is no simpler, more powerful first move. Volatility is your friend while you’re accumulating — not when you’re withdrawing. During your working years, market swings let you buy more at lower prices. In retirement, a bad year early can force you to sell assets at the worst possible time. That’s the sequence-of-returns risk that ends retirement plans. Income portfolios solve a problem, growth portfolios don’t. When your portfolio pays you dividends and income, you don’t have to sell holdings to fund your lifestyle during down markets. That changes the entire risk equation. The wealth paradox: more isn’t always better if it requires more risk. If you already have the number that funds the retirement you want, adding risk for more upside isn’t rational — the downside threatens the entire plan, while the upside is just gravy. Social Security is a strategic asset, not just a check. Delaying from 62 to 70 can dramatically increase your lifetime benefit. The break-even point is roughly age 82, and a spousal benefit strategy can add another layer of optimization. You can start building income while you’re still working. An in-service rollover at age 59½ lets you move funds from your 401(k) into an IRA where they can be invested for income — so the income engine is already running when you retire. About The Tom Dupree Show The Tom Dupree Show is hosted by Tom Dupree, founder of Dupree Financial Group and a 47-year veteran of the investment business. Each episode covers the financial topics that matter most to retirees and those approaching retirement — in plain English, without the Wall Street spin. Dupree Financial Group is a fee-only, fiduciary Registered Investment Advisory firm based in Lexington, Kentucky. The firm manages separately managed accounts focused on income-generating, dividend-paying portfolios — no products sold, no commissions, no conflicts of interest. Past episodes are available at dupreefinancial.com under the Radio tab. Schedule a Complimentary Portfolio Review If you’re not sure whether your current savings and investments can actually close the gap between what you’ll have and what you’ll need in retirement, we’ll take a look. No charge. No pressure. Just an honest conversation about what you own and whether it’s working for you. Call:  859-233-0400   |   Visit:  dupreefinancial.com REGULATORY DISCLAIMER Dupree Financial Group is a Registered Investment Adviser (RIA) registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Registration does not imply a certain level of skill or training. The information presented on this program is for educational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice, a solicitation, or an offer to buy or sell any security. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Investing involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Listeners should consult with a qualified financial professional before making any investment decisions. The post I’m 55 and Behind on Retirement — Here’s What You Can Actually Do About It appeared first on Dupree Financial.

The AI Build-Out Is Real — And It’s Reshaping How We Invest for Retirement THE TOM DUPREE SHOW  |  PODCAST SHOW NOTES The AI Build-Out Is Real — And It's Reshaping How We Invest for Retirement The Tom Dupree Show  |  Dupree Financial Group  |  dupreefinancial.com  |  859-233-0400  |  Air Date: June 6, 2026 Episode Description Something significant is happening in the markets, and it goes well beyond the daily headlines. On this episode of The Tom Dupree Show, host Tom Dupree sits down with in-house analysts James Dupree and Michael Dawahare to examine the accelerating AI infrastructure build-out — and what it actually means for investors who are at or approaching retirement. The conversation covers the bottleneck stocks driving extraordinary gains in data centers and memory chips, Canada's surprise $1 trillion infrastructure pivot, and why software companies like Snowflake and ServiceNow are proving that AI complements rather than kills their business models. The team also addresses the ongoing Iran conflict, what oil futures markets are signaling, and why the sequence of returns — not average returns — is the number that retirement investors should be watching most closely. “Markets don't drift up — conviction is what moves them higher. Right now, the conviction is building around AI infrastructure, and the fundamentals are finally starting to catch up with the story.” Topics Covered AI infrastructure bull case — why the fundamentals are finally catching up with the story Micron, data centers, and the bottleneck theme — the stocks supplying scarce components for the AI build-out Jensen Huang's public endorsement of Marvell Technology — what a declaration like that signals to institutional investors Agentic AI explained — what it means for your phone, your business, and your portfolio Canada's $1 trillion infrastructure pivot — global validation of the AI build-out thesis from an unlikely source Software stocks proving their staying power — how ServiceNow and Snowflake are showing AI and software can coexist How AI is already driving revenue gains — consumer companies reporting explosive results from targeted AI marketing The Iran conflict and oil futures — what prediction markets and WTI pricing are signaling about resolution Sequence-of-returns risk in retirement — why when your portfolio loses matters more than how much it earns on average Dupree Financial Group's in-house research approach — knowing what you own and why, not just riding an index Key Takeaways The AI build-out thesis is getting real-world validation.  PMI data hit a four-year high this week, suggesting genuine economic activity is accelerating alongside AI infrastructure investment — not just market narrative. Bottleneck stocks carry both opportunity and serious risk.  Companies supplying scarce components for data centers have posted extraordinary gains, but volatility cuts both ways. Position sizing and portfolio context matter. Software isn't dead — it's adapting.  Snowflake and ServiceNow are reporting earnings that prove their platforms work alongside AI tools, not against them. Productivity gains, not replacement, is the emerging story. Global capital is aligning behind AI infrastructure.  Canada's sharp $1 trillion policy reversal covering energy, data centers, and defense adds significant international weight to the same thesis driving U.S. markets. How AI gets monetized is still being figured out.  Business-to-business subscriptions and API-based usage models are the most likely path forward, but valuations remain stretched until earnings consistently catch up. Sequence-of-returns risk is retirement's hidden danger.  A portfolio drop in year one of withdrawals — even if markets recover later — can permanently reduce the income your portfolio generates. Dividend-focused portfolios are built to absorb that risk. In-house research is how you truly know what you own.  Dupree Financial Group's analysts study these sectors every day so clients hold positions they understand — not just exposure to the broadest index available. The Iran situation is complex, but markets are pricing in a resolution.  Oil futures for July through September are trading in the $70–$80 range, suggesting the futures market expects the conflict to ease — though the IRGC's fractured structure makes certainty impossible. About The Tom Dupree Show The Tom Dupree Show is hosted by Tom Dupree, founder of Dupree Financial Group and a 47-year veteran of the investment business. Each episode covers the financial topics that matter most to retirees and those approaching retirement — in plain English, without the Wall Street spin. Dupree Financial Group is a fee-only, fiduciary Registered Investment Advisory firm based in Lexington, Kentucky. The firm manages separately managed accounts focused on income-generating, dividend-paying portfolios — no products sold, no commissions, no conflicts of interest. Past episodes are available at  dupreefinancial.com  under the Radio tab. Schedule a Complimentary Portfolio Review If you're not sure whether your retirement portfolio is built to generate income through market turbulence — or if you're just riding an index fund hoping for the best — we'll take a look. No charge. No pressure. Just an honest conversation about what you own and whether it's working for you. Call:  859-233-0400   |   Visit:  dupreefinancial.com Dupree Financial Group is a Registered Investment Adviser (RIA) registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Registration does not imply a certain level of skill or training. The information presented on The Tom Dupree Show is for educational and informational purposes only and should not be construed as personalized investment, tax, or legal advice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Investing involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Please consult a qualified financial professional before making any investment decisions. The post AI Infrastructure Stocks & Your Retirement Portfolio appeared first on Dupree Financial.

This Day in Legal History: Congress Repeals the Gold ClauseOn this day in 1933, Congress passed the Joint Resolution that voided the gold clauses written into nearly every long-term contract and bond obligation in the United States, both public and private. The resolution declared that any provision purporting to require payment “in gold or a particular kind of coin or currency” was “against public policy,” and that obligations could be discharged dollar for dollar in whatever legal tender currency was in force at the time of payment. It was a remarkable act of legislative power: a one-paragraph statute that rewrote the payment terms of millions of existing contracts overnight, in the middle of the Great Depression, to make Franklin Roosevelt's recent abandonment of the gold standard actually stick. The Supreme Court took up the inevitable challenge two years later in the Gold Clause Cases — Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio, Nortz v. United States, and Perry v. United States — and in February 1935 it upheld the resolution as applied to private contracts by a 5-4 vote, while telling the United States, in Perry, that it had violated its own contractual word in repudiating gold-payment promises on government bonds, but that the bondholder had suffered no compensable injury. The doctrinal residue of that compromise is still with us: Congress can use its monetary powers to alter private contract terms retroactively when monetary policy requires it, the rule that has quietly underwritten every major monetary intervention since, from Bretton Woods to the post-2008 emergency lending programs. June 5 is not a day most lawyers mark on the calendar, but the resolution Congress passed on this date is one of the cleanest examples in American law of a legislature using its enumerated powers to dissolve a contract term that had been considered, until that moment, untouchable.The Supreme Court on Thursday handed Hikma Pharmaceuticals — and the entire generic drug industry — a 9-0 win in a case that had been hanging over the so-called “skinny label” pathway for years. Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson, writing for a unanimous Court in Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. v. Amarin Pharma, Inc., held that Amarin, the maker of the brand-name fish-oil drug Vascepa, had not plausibly alleged that Hikma actively induced infringement of Amarin's patents covering a still-patented cardiovascular use of the drug. The skinny label is a feature of Hatch-Waxman generic-drug law that lets a generic manufacturer copy only the unpatented uses of a brand drug by literally carving the patented uses out of its FDA-approved label, which is supposed to let cheaper generics reach the market for the unpatented indications even while patents on other indications are still in force. Brand companies have been trying for years to sue around that carve-out under the active inducement statute, 35 U.S.C. § 271(b), by pointing to generic press releases, marketing language, or website descriptions and arguing that doctors could read those statements as encouragement to prescribe the generic for the still-patented use. The Federal Circuit had bought a version of that argument and revived Amarin's case. The Supreme Court rejected that approach, and the test that Justice Jackson articulated is meaningful: the question is not how doctors might interpret what a generic manufacturer said, but whether the manufacturer itself actively encouraged the infringing use. Neutral statements that could be read as instructions to infringe do not count. The practical effect is to shore up the skinny label pathway and make it harder for brand companies to weaponize induced infringement against generic competition. The decision was originally framed as a pharmaceutical-industry case, but its inducement standard will reach across patent law generally and into every industry where § 271(b) gets litigated.It's unanimous: SCOTUS agrees with Hikma in ‘skinny label' case vs. Amarin | Fierce PharmaAlso unanimous on Thursday: the Supreme Court in Sripetch v. SEC held that the Securities and Exchange Commission can obtain disgorgement of a wrongdoer's ill-gotten gains without having to prove that any individual investor lost money. Justice Neil Gorsuch wrote the opinion for a 9-0 Court, which is itself a small surprise given the Court's recent pattern of skepticism toward broad SEC remedial powers. The case came out of a penny-stock pump-and-dump scheme that Ongkaruck Sripetch ran across some 20 small companies — buy shares quietly, promote them aggressively, sell into the bubble — and the SEC won an order requiring him to disgorge roughly $3 million. Sripetch's argument on appeal was that disgorgement is supposed to be tied to investor harm, that the SEC had not shown specific pecuniary losses traceable to him, and that the order was therefore not the kind of equitable relief the Court approved in its 2020 Liu v. SEC decision. The Court disagreed, on traditional equity principles: disgorgement, the Court explained, is measured by the defendant's unjust gain, not the plaintiff's quantified loss, and equity has always been willing to strip a wrongdoer of profit even when the victim cannot mathematically prove harm. The practical importance for the SEC is enormous — the agency reports collecting roughly $1.4 billion in disgorgement in fiscal 2025 alone, and a contrary ruling would have forced the SEC into an evidentiary burden that pump-and-dump and insider-trading cases are notoriously bad at supplying. The opinion is also a reminder that the Court's recent administrative-state skepticism is not all in one direction: when the question is grounded in old equity doctrine, the same justices who narrowed SEC adjudication in Jarkesy are willing to leave the agency's remedial toolkit intact.US Supreme Court Backs SEC in Fight Over ‘Disgorgement' Power | US NewsThe third and most constitutionally significant of Thursday's rulings was FCC v. AT&T, in which the Supreme Court upheld 8-1 the Federal Communications Commission's longstanding practice of imposing forfeiture penalties on regulated carriers through its own in-house process, without first giving the carrier a jury trial. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote the majority, with Justice Clarence Thomas the lone dissenter. The case grew out of the FCC's headline-making fines against AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile, and Sprint for selling access to real-time customer location data to third parties without consent — fines that ran nearly $200 million across the four carriers, with AT&T's portion at $57 million and Verizon's at $46.9 million. The carriers challenged the fines on Seventh Amendment grounds, arguing that the Court's 2024 decision in SEC v. Jarkesy — which struck down the SEC's in-house adjudication of securities-fraud penalties as a violation of the jury-trial right — should reach FCC forfeitures too. The Court said no, on a structural distinction that matters: an FCC forfeiture order is not self-executing. The FCC cannot collect on its own. If a carrier refuses to pay, the matter is referred to the Justice Department, which then has to file a civil action in federal district court — a proceeding in which the carrier is entitled to a full jury trial and the government has to prove the violation de novo, with no deference to the FCC's findings. That collection-stage jury trial, Roberts wrote, is enough to satisfy the Seventh Amendment, even though the agency itself first issues the penalty. Justice Thomas's dissent argued the in-house process is no less coercive than the SEC adjudication the Court rejected in Jarkesy and would have extended Jarkesy here. The practical takeaway: agency in-house penalty proceedings survive after Jarkesy if there is a real, downstream jury-trial backstop. Expect every regulator with a similar two-step enforcement structure to point to this opinion the next time someone tries to push Jarkesy further.Court rules against cell service providers over right to jury trial in FCC proceedings | SCOTUSblog This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

Alex talks with Beimnet Abebe (Galaxy Trading) about the state of the Bitcoin market, his expected length and depth of its drawdown, and what it takes for BTC to find its footing. Alex also airs an interview with James Seyffart (Bloomberg Intelligence) about growing institutional adoption, Morgan Stanley's Bitcoin ETF, JPM's new big presence, and a growing market of niche sector and “hot sauce” ETFs. Past performance is not indicative of future results.   Participants, along with Galaxy Digital, hold a financial interest in Anchorage Digital and Bitcoin (BTC). Galaxy regularly engages in buying and selling BTC, including hedging transactions, for its own proprietary accounts and on behalf of its counterparties. Galaxy also provides services to vehicles that invest in BTC.  If the value of such assets increases, those vehicles may benefit, and Galaxy's service fees may increase accordingly. The valuation in this communication is based on technical, fundamental, and market analysis and not on any formal valuation method. For more information, please refer to Galaxy's public filings and statements. Cryptocurrencies, including BTC, are inherently volatile and risky and ultimate market movements may not align with this statement.   For additional risks related to digital assets, please refer to the risk factors contained in filings Galaxy Digital Inc. makes with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) from time to time, including its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, available at www.sec.gov. This episode was recorded on Wednesday, June 3, 2026. ++ Follow us on Twitter, @glxyresearch, and read our research at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.galaxy.com/research/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to learn more! This podcast, and the information contained herein, has been provided to you by Galaxy Digital Holdings LP and its affiliates (“Galaxy Digital”) solely for informational purposes. View the full disclaimer at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.galaxy.com/disclaimer-galaxy-brains-podcast/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

We’re celebrating our 100th anniversary! This week, we break down the latest developments in trade talks, examine the military operation in Iran, and discuss key housing and crypto bills working their way through Congress. Join Stifel Chief Washington Policy Strategist Brian Gardner and co-host Neil Shapiro for this milestone episode! This material is prepared by the Washington Policy Strategy Group of Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated (“Stifel”). This material is for informational purposes only and is not an offer or solicitation to purchase or sell any security or instrument or to participate in any trading strategy discussed herein. The information contained is taken from sources believed to be reliable, but is not guaranteed by Stifel as to accuracy or completeness. The opinions expressed are those of the Washington Policy Strategy Group and may differ from those of other departments that produce similar material and are current as of the date of this publication and are subject to change without notice. Past performance is not necessarily a guide to future performance. Stifel does not provide accounting, tax, or legal advice and clients are advised to consult with their accounting, tax, or legal advisors prior to making any investment decision. Additional information is available upon request. Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated is a broker-dealer registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and is a member SIPC & NYSE. ©2026 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Gary Gensler, former Chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, discusses regulating massive IPOs as we look ahead to SpaceX and Anthropic to debut. He speaks with host Romaine Bostick. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This conversation is sponsored by Tema ETFs. We're joined by Yuri Khodjamirian, CIO of Tema, to talk about a space economy that is starting to look a lot more investable than it did even a few years ago. Launch costs have collapsed, Starlink helped prove the commercial case, governments are treating space as strategic infrastructure, and funds like Tema's $NASA are now trying to bring that opportunity into public markets.Hosted by:Nicholas FNS: https://twitter.com/NicholasFNSUnusual Whales: https://twitter.com/unusual_whalesThis Pod is not financial advice. Unusual Whales Inc. is not registered as a securities broker-dealer or an investment adviser with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) or any state securities regulatory authority. The stock market is risky, and any trade or investment is expected to have some, or total, loss. Please do research before any trade. Do not use this information for financial decisions or for investing. You should consult your legal or tax professional regarding your specific situation.Unusual Social Media:Discord: https://discord.com/invite/unusualwhalesFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/unusualwhalesInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/unusualwhales/Reddit: https://old.reddit.com/r/unusual_whales/TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@unusual_whalesTwitter: https://twitter.com/unusual_whalesYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/unusualwhales/Merch: https://unusual-whales.creator-spring.com/**Disclaimer:Any content referenced in the video or on Unusual Whales are not intended to provide legal, tax, investment or insurance advice. Unusual Whales Inc. is not registered as a securities broker-dealer or an investment adviser with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) or any state securities regulatory authority.NOTE: Unusual Whales is not responsible for any promotion or #ad. It does not verify the authenticity of the promotion or partnership, nor the merits of the individual promotion. Unusual Whales does not necessarily endorse or condone any one promotion. Unusual Whales does not advocate for any sponsor. Please do your own diligence and research before following any one promoted post. Do not consider a promotion of a post an advocacy for the sponsor of the post.

Anthropic, the firm behind AI assistant Claude, submitted a confidential filing to go public with the US Securities and Exchange Commission on Monday. The firm, valued at close to a trillion dollars, could make its market debut by the end of the year as it sees a surge in interest for its range of AI products. Also in this edition: as France welcomes new data centre investments, we see what's driving that interest and what impact it could have on local communities. 

Claude maker Anthropic has confidentially filed initial paperwork with the Securities and Exchange Commission, taking a step toward a potential initial public offering that could reportedly come as early as late 2026. The filing sets neither a share count nor a price.  The move arrives just days after the company closed a $65 billion round that valued it at $965 billion—eclipsing rival OpenAI and cementing its status as the most valuable startup in artificial intelligence. Anthropic's most recent round nearly tripled its valuation of $380 billion in roughly three months. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Alex Thorn talks with Scott Shay, co-founder of Signature Bank and N3XT (a new Wyoming bank), about what happened in 2023, how the banking system actually works, and what the future of banking looks like. Alex also talks with Beimnet Abebe (Galaxy Trading) about the Strait of Hormuz, risk markets, and a bearish case for bitcoin. Participants, along with Galaxy Digital, hold a financial interest in Bitcoin (BTC). Galaxy regularly engages in buying and selling BTC, including hedging transactions, for its own proprietary accounts and on behalf of its counterparties. Galaxy also provides services to vehicles that invest in BTC.  If the value of such assets increases, those vehicles may benefit, and Galaxy's service fees may increase accordingly. The valuation in this communication is based on technical, fundamental, and market analysis and not on any formal valuation method. For more information, please refer to Galaxy's public filings and statements. Cryptocurrencies, including BTC, are inherently volatile and risky and ultimate market movements may not align with this statement. For additional risks related to digital assets, please refer to the risk factors contained in filings Galaxy Digital Inc. makes with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) from time to time, including its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, available at www.sec.gov. This episode was recorded on Wednesday, May 13, 2026. ++ Follow us on Twitter, @glxyresearch, and read our research at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.galaxy.com/research/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to learn more! This podcast, and the information contained herein, has been provided to you by Galaxy Digital Holdings LP and its affiliates (“Galaxy Digital”) solely for informational purposes. View the full disclaimer at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.galaxy.com/disclaimer-galaxy-brains-podcast/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

What some see as a victory for "free speech," the Securities and Exchange Commission has dropped a controversial “gag rule” that barred defendants who settled SEC cases from publicly defending themselves. Thomas Powell, senior strategist at the Founders Office, has been one of the rules' most vocal critics—even while legally restricted from challenging the allegations against him.Finally able to speak out, Powell and his attorney, Peggy Little of the New Civil Liberties Alliance, join FOX Business Network's Lydia Hu. They break down how Powell was "muzzled" by the SEC, the damage it did to his life, and what this massive rule change means for American businesses moving forward. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

What if the biggest barrier to a longer life isn't science, but the economic incentives of corporations? In this episode of Onward, Ben sits down with Celine Halioua, founder and CEO of Loyal — the biotech company on track to earn the first-ever FDA approval for a drug whose only purpose is to extend lifespan. The catch: they're starting with dogs.Celine walks Ben through why the U.S. healthcare system is structurally incapable of building preventative medicine, why each dog-owner relationship is a "micro single-payer health care system," and how a quiet 2019 change to FDA regulation was the one-to-one cause of Loyal existing at all. ("If this pathway didn't exist, Loyal wouldn't exist. October 2019, I incorporated.")From there, the conversation widens. Celine lays out the Tesla-style master plan — save the dogs, save the world — that uses dog-drug revenue to fund human longevity work, escaping the discipline of biotech VC entirely. Ben presses her on AI in drug development (she's skeptical it will change clinical trials anytime soon), public-market short-termism, and the kind of scenario planning that prepares a company for what nobody saw coming.—For a deeper dive into these insights and more, be sure to listen to the full episode of the Onward podcast.Have questions or feedback about this episode? Drop us a note at Onward@Fundrise.com. Onward is hosted by Ben Miller, co-founder and CEO of Fundrise. Podcast production by The Podcast Consultant. Music by Seaplane Armada. About FundriseWith over 2 million users, Fundrise is America's largest direct-to-investor alternative asset investment platform. Since 2012, our mission has been to build a better financial system by empowering the individual. We make it easier and more efficient than ever for anyone to invest in institutional-quality private alternative assets — all at the touch of a button. Please see fundrise.com/oc for more information on all of the Fundrise-sponsored investment funds and products, including each fund's offering document(s). Want to see the specific assets that make up and power Fundrise portfolios? Check out our active and past projects at www.fundrise.com/assets.More Info & DisclaimersThere are no guarantees investment holdings of the Fundrise Innovation Fund (the “Fund”) will be successful.Investing in the Fund is speculative and involves substantial risks. You should purchase shares of the Fund only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. Nothing in this material should be construed as tax advice, an offer, recommendation, or solicitation to buy or sell any security. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Current and future holdings are subject to risk, and returns of one portfolio company are not indicative of an investment in the Fund. For Fund performance and the most recent schedule of investments, visit GetVCX.com. The Fund's annual and semi-annual reports (Form N-CSR), quarterly portfolio holdings (Form N-PORT), and other periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission are available on EDGAR at sec.gov and at GetVCX.com. The Innovation Fund is publicly registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company.The Fund's portfolio will be concentrated in securities issued by technology companies and other investments that provide economic exposure to technology companies and as such, it may be subject to more risks than if it were broadly diversified across additional sectors and industries of the economy. Certain technology companies may face special risks that their products or services may not prove to be commercially successful. Technology companies are also strongly affected by worldwide scientific or technological developments, and as a result, their products may rapidly become obsolete.The Fund's investments in companies involved in, or exposed to, artificial intelligence-related businesses may be negatively impacted because of, among other things, limited product lines, markets, financial resources and/or personnel; intense competition and potentially rapid product obsolescence these companies may face; loss or impairment of intellectual property rights; and the inability to successfully develop products or services even after spending significant amount of resources.The Fund's investment in private company securities, whether made directly or indirectly (e.g., through derivatives or private pooled investment vehicles) are generally illiquid. Because private company securities are thinly traded, such securities may display especially volatile or erratic price movements, sometimes in response to relatively small changes in investor supply or demand or other market conditions.

The SEC's proposal to allow optional semiannual reporting could significantly reshape public company reporting obligations and investor communications. SEC Division of Corporation Finance Director Jim Moloney joins the podcast to discuss what the proposal would change, why the SEC is considering the shift now, and the potential implications for companies, investors, and the public markets. For more on the SEC's proposal, read our In brief, SEC proposes optional semiannual reporting framework. Hear more from Jim Moloney on the Material Matters podcast episode, Director Jim Moloney: Let the Free Markets be Free, where he discusses the future of SEC disclosure rules, public company reporting requirements, and the growing need to modernize decades-old regulatory frameworks. About our guests  Jim Moloney is the Director of the Division of Corporation Finance at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Before returning to the SEC, he spent 25 years at Gibson Dunn & Crutcher, where he co-chaired the firm's securities regulation and corporate governance practice and advised clients on corporate governance matters, disclosure rules, mergers & acquisitions, tender offers, proxy contests, and going-private transactions, among other areas.  John Vanosdall is a partner in PwC's National Office focused on digital assets, revenue, and compensation arrangements. John previously served as both a Deputy Chief Accountant and Professional Accounting Fellow in the Office of the Chief Accountant at the SEC. Prior to re-joining the National Office, he served as the firm's Accounting Advisory Leader. John has over 20 years of experience and has served some of the firm's largest clients as a client service partner.  About our guest host  Kyle Moffatt is PwC's Professional Practice leader, leading a team responsible for working with standard setters and regulators as well as delivering brand-defining thought leadership and educational materials. He also consults with engagement teams and audit clients on SEC reporting matters. Before PwC, Kyle spent almost 20 years with the SEC, most recently as Chief Accountant and Disclosure Program Director in the Division of Corporation Finance.  Transcripts available upon request for individuals who may need a disability-related accommodation. Please send requests to us_podcast@pwc.com.Did you enjoy this episode? Text us your thoughts and be sure to include the episode name.