Chill Pill with Emma Ives

Special guests Emma, Maya, Melissa, and Elizabeth give their takes on what inspired them to be a part of the pharmacy field as well as what the future of pharmacy looks like in honor of American Pharmacists Month. You can now follow me on Twitter: @CP_WithEmmaIves, and Instagram: @chillpill_withemmaives. Sources: https://www.pharmacist.com/About/Leadership/American-Pharmacists-Month https://catalyst.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/CAT.17.0559 https://www.ajpe.org/content/84/10/ajpe7889 https://news.yale.edu/2020/01/28/estimates-preventable-hospital-deaths-are-too-high-new-study-shows https://www.aphafoundation.org/asheville-project https://www.japha.org/article/S1086-5802(15)30007-3/fulltext

Special Guest Hannah Summers and I break down the current insulin crisis occurring in the US. We also discuss the future of insulin legislation in North Carolina. You can now follow me on Twitter: @CP_WithEmmaIves, and Instagram: @chillpill_withemmaives. Sources: https://www.t1international.com https://www.fda.gov/drugs/development-approval-process-drugs/frequently-asked-questions-patents-and-exclusivity https://abcnews.go.com/Health/mom-traveled-mexico-insulin/story?id=61023174 https://www.fda.gov/industry/import-basics/personal-importation https://www.cbp.gov/travel/us-citizens/know-before-you-go/prohibited-and-restricted-items#tab17

Long time no see everyone. Penni and I have spent some time in isolation, sorting out our differences. And now we are back to talk about allergies. Just in time for fall allergy season. You can now follow me on Twitter: @CP_WithEmmaIves, and Instagram: @chillpill_withemmaives. Sources: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/allergies/symptoms-causes/syc-20351497 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-get-rid-of-allergies#is-there-a-permanent-cure https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-drug-treatment-peanut-allergy-children https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482187/ https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/penicillin-allergy-faq https://www.popsci.com/penicillin-allergy-fade/ https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/blog/how-to-know-youve-outgrown-a-food-allergy https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1414850#t=article https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/prevention-of-allergies-and-asthma-in-children https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/the-pharmacist-s-role-in-managing-allergies https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/nice-calls-on-pharmacists-to-check-patients-drug-allergy-status https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1130412/

Hey Ohio. Starting March 29th, people 18 and older can get the vaccine. Here is what you as well as the rest of my listeners need to know about each of the vaccines (three at time of publishing). You can now follow me on Twitter: @CP_WithEmmaIves, and Instagram: @chillpill_withemmaives. Sources: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-us-cases.html https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/covid-19-vaccine-doses.html https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/coronaviruses https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/03/11/science/how-coronavirus-hijacks-your-cells.html https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/health/pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine.html https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/health/moderna-covid-19-vaccine.html https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/health/johnson-johnson-covid-19-vaccine.html https://www.vcuhealth.org/news/covid-19/johnson-and-johnson-vaccine-how-is-it-different https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/vaccine-benefits.html https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/why-you-should-get-a-covid-19-vaccine-even-if-youve-already-had-the-coronavirus https://abc7ny.com/covid-face-mask-fauci-coronavirus-vaccine-cdc-guidelines-for-vaccinated-individuals/10452609/

So what do pharmacists do exactly? They are medication experts and are involved in all areas of public health. Here is a quick guide to pharmacists. You can now follow me on Twitter: @CP_WithEmmaIves, and Instagram: @chillpill_withemmaives. Sources: https://web.archive.org/web/20110623180025/http://home.swipnet.se/PharmHist/Apotek/gamla_apotek_en.html https://books.google.com/books?id=jglFsz5EJR8C http://www.ishim.net/ishimj/4/02.pdf https://explorehealthcareers.org/career/pharmacy/pharmacist/ https://www.bpsweb.org/bps-specialties/ https://www.pharmacytimes.com/contributor/thora-brown-pharmd/2014/12/diversity-in-pharmacy-atypical-jobs-for-pharmacists https://www.pharmacytimes.com/publications/career/2019/CareersFall2019/finding-your-passion-in-a-nontraditional-pharmacy-career-path https://www.pharmacist.com/sites/default/files/files/Profile_12_Government_Federal_Pharmacy_SDS_FINAL_083007.pdf

Happy Birthday to Chill Pill. I re-visit how drugs and medications are portrayed in music, one of the most popular forms of media today. As well as break down the meanings of some of my favorite songs. You can now follow me on Twitter: @CP_WithEmmaIves, and Instagram: @chillpill_withemmaives. Sources: https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/news-and-analysis/opinion/insight/medication-in-contemporary-music-what-precisely-are-our-patients-listening-to/20208526.article?firstPass=false https://www.vogue.com/article/lady-gaga-911-music-video-mental-health-chromatica Stuart, H. 2006. Media portrayal of mental illness and its treatments. CNS Drugs. 22(2): 99-106. https://link-springer-com.proxy.lib.ohio-state.edu/article/10.2165%2F00023210-200620020-00002 https://www.addictions.com/explore/drugs-in-music-analyzing-drug-references-in-musical-genres/ https://www.statnews.com/2016/10/13/macklemore-opioid-addiction/ https://www.dianova.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/QuitStigma-Recommendations-Media-en.pdf

We can all agree 2020 sucks right? Well it was an amazing year for science. Join me as I highlight what I thought was the coolest science thing from each month. You can now follow me on Twitter: @CP_WithEmmaIves, and Instagram: @chillpill_withemmaives. Sources: https://www.livescience.com/oldest-material-on-earth.html https://phys.org/news/2020-02-antibiotics-bacteria.html https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51828871 https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/mar/23/coronavirus-pandemic-leading-to-huge-drop-in-air-pollution https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/worlds-longest-animal-discovered-in-australian-waters/ https://phys.org/news/2020-04-species-exploration-abyssal-deep-sea.html https://edition.cnn.com/2020/05/30/tech/spacex-nasa-launch-astronauts-scn/index.html https://www.newscientist.com/article/2246020-three-people-with-inherited-diseases-successfully-treated-with-crispr/ https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-ula-launch-mars-2020-perseverance-rover-mission-to-red-planet https://news.osu.edu/warming-greenland-ice-sheet-passes-point-of-no-return/ https://phys.org/news/2020-09-world-largest-dna-sequencing-viking.html https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2020/press-release/ https://www.newscientist.com/article/2258309-biobank-to-house-800-coral-species-so-we-can-restore-reefs-in-future/ https://www.newscientist.com/article/2239957-the-great-barrier-reef-has-suffered-its-most-widespread-bleaching-yet/ https://www.health.com/condition/infectious-diseases/coronavirus/difference-between-pfizer-moderna-vaccine

COVID-19 Vaccine trials paused? Is it the end of the world? Don't worry. The Scientific Method has answers to those questions. You can now follow me on Twitter: @CP_WithEmmaIves, and Instagram: @chillpill_withemmaives. Sources: https://healthliteracymonth.org/what-is-hl-month/ https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2006/2006483.pdf https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2020/10/13/covid-19-vaccine-trials-on-hold-eli-lilly-johnson-johnson/3643936001/ https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/science-fair/steps-of-the-scientific-method https://www.fda.gov/patients/drug-development-process/step-1-discovery-and-development https://www.fda.gov/patients/drug-development-process/step-3-clinical-research https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02762-y https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-us-cases.html https://www.fda.gov/drugs/surveillance/postmarketing-surveillance-programs

Welcome back listeners. Warning: This episode is gross. We discuss interesting medical practices in the Middle Ages with my roommate Emma Picht. Yes, we are both named Emma. You can now follow me on Twitter: @CP_WithEmmaIves, and Instagram: @chillpill_withemmaives. Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3573364/ http://www.midlandshistoricalreview.com/physician-apothecary-or-surgeon-the-medieval-roots-of-professional-boundaries-in-later-medical-practice/ Rawcliffe, C. (1995) Medicine & Society in Later Medieval England. Alan Sutton Publishing Ltd (Gloustershire) Bynum. C.W. (2007) Wonderful Blood. University of Pennsylvania Press (Philadelphia) https://healthliteracymonth.org/what-is-hl-month/ See Episode 6 on Aspirin

This week, I tackle the ins and outs of immunity. Warning: there is a lot of numbers. You can now follow me on Twitter @CP_WithEmmaIves, and Instagram @chillpill_withemmaives. Sources: Eisenberg, J. (2020) R0: How Scientists Quantify the Intensity of an Outbreak Like Coronavirus and Its Pandemic Potential. University of Michigan School of Public Health. Available from: https://sph.umich.edu/pursuit/2020posts/how-scientists-quantify-outbreaks.html Hamblin, J. (2020) A New Understanding of Herd Immunity. The Atlantic. Available from: https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/07/herd-immunity-coronavirus/614035/ Haseltine, W. (2020) We're wasting time talking about herd immunity. CNN. Available from: https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/13/opinions/herd-immunity-covid-19-uncomfortable-reality-haseltine/index.html Jordan, D. (2019) The Deadliest Flu: The Complete Story of the Discovery and Reconstruction of the 1918 Pandemic Virus. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/reconstruction-1918-virus.html National Institutes of Health. (2020) Experimental COVID-19 vaccine safe, generates immune response. Available from: https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/experimental-covid-19-vaccine-safe-generates-immune-response Ramirez, V.B. (2020) What Is R0? Gauging Contagious Infections. Healthline. Available from:https://www.healthline.com/health/r-nought-reproduction-number#covid-19-r-0 Spanish Flu. (2020) History.com. Available from: https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/1918-flu-pandemic#section_13 Vynnycky, E., Trindall, A., Mangtani, P. (2007) Estimates of the reproduction numbers of Spanish influenza using morbidity data. International Journal of Epidemiology. 36:881–889. doi:10.1093/ije/dym071 Wilder-Smith, A., Chiew, C.J., Lee, V.J., 2020. Can we contain the COVID-19 outbreak with the same measures as for SARS? The Lancelet. 20(5): 102-107. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30129-8

Noel Wallace is back to bring a dietetics perspective on vitamins and supplements, social distance style. Follow her on Instagram @foodfreedom6. You can now follow me on Twitter @CP_WithEmmaIves, and Instagram @chillpill_withemmaives. Sources: American Cancer Society Dietary Supplements: https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/complementary-and-alternative-medicine/dietary-supplements/fda-regulations.html Dietary Supplements – Do they help or do they hurt: https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/dietary-supplements-do-they-help-or-hurt FDA Supplement Information: https://www.fda.gov/food/dietary-supplements How to report supplement adverse effects: https://www.safetyreporting.hhs.gov/SRP2/en/Home.aspx?sid=3a44a889-1bf4-4d78-b09d-e2195581b4d4 NIH Supplement Information: https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2013/08/should-you-take-dietary-supplements St. John's Wort Information: https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-st-johns-wort/art-20362212 Toronto 2013 Supplement Study: https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7015-11-222 WebMD interaction Checker: https://www.webmd.com/interaction-checker/default.htm

In honor of Mars 2020, it's time for pharmacy to boldly go. To space. You can now follow me on Twitter @CP_WithEmmaIves. Sources: Nguyen V. (2018). Pharmacists out of this world. Canadian pharmacists journal 151(6), 366–367. Page, E. (2016). How Tina Bayuse became the first pharmacist at NASA. The Pharmaceutical Journal. 296 (7887). https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/careers-and-jobs/careers-and-jobs/career-profile/how-tina-bayuse-became-the-first-pharmacist-at-nasa/20200530.article Eyal, S., Derendorf, H. (2019). Medications in Space: In Search of a Pharmacologist's Guide to the Galaxy. Pharm Res 36(148). Kast, J. et al. (2017). Drugs in space: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in astronauts. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 109, S2-S8. Blue, R.S., Bayuse, T.M., Daniels, V.R. et al. (2019). Supplying a pharmacy for NASA exploration spaceflight: challenges and current understanding. npj Microgravity 5 (14) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41526-019-0075-2#Sec9

I have been stuck in home with nothing to do but binge watch Netflix. I wanted to know why Claire in Outlander was always prescribing willow bark tea. Sources: https://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/12/22/aspirin.history/index.html https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/news-and-analysis/infographics/a-history-of-aspirin/20066661.article?firstPass=false https://royalsociety.org/about-us/history/ https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/aspirin-turn-of-the-century-miracle-drug https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27Stone%27%29and%28Gender%3D%27Male%27%29 https://zenodo.org/record/1432244#.XqoF8S-z23U https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/161255 https://factcheck.afp.com/who-warns-against-self-medicating-covid-19-aspirin-lemon-juice-and-honey-remedy https://www.mdmag.com/medical-news/aspirin-use-tied-to-reduce-risk-of-multiple-cancers

Hey fellow quarantinees. My mom and grandma tell me to do all these weird things when I am sick. And apparently some of them have scientific merit. Sources: https://www.canwelivebetter.bayer.com/health/9-herbal-medicines-and-science-behind-them https://www.health.com/condition/cold-flu-sinus/too-much-water-while-sick-can-be-dangerous https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/ne4awz/will-drinking-lots-of-water-really-help-my-cold https://www.theraflu.com/amp/why-drink-fluids-when-sick.html https://www.drugs.com/npp/chicken-soup.html https://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=117888 https://www.cmaj.ca/content/161/12/1532.long https://www.unmc.edu/publicrelations/media/press-kits/chicken-soup/research.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3609166/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3601686/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5555589/ https://www.statnews.com/2016/09/08/feed-cold-starve-fever-science/ https://www.everydayhealth.com/cold-and-flu/colds-and-fevers.aspx https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/garlic-fights-colds-and-flu#section4 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25961060/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22280901/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11697022/ https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/131/3/951S/4687053

We are celebrating women's history month here at Chill Pill with some of my heroes. Sources: Anderson, A. 2018. Sally Ride. Available from: https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/sally-ride Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin. 2020. Available from: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1964/hodgkin/biographical/ Lise Meitner. Available from: https://www.famousscientists.org/lise-meitner/ Marie Curie Biography. 2018. Available from: https://www.biography.com/scientist/marie-curie Marie Curie. 2020. Available from: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1903/marie-curie/facts/ Rosalind Franklin Biography 2014. Available from: https://www.biography.com/scientist/rosalind-franklin Sally Ride Biography. 2017. Available from: https://www.biography.com/astronaut/sally-ride Strauss, J. Katherine Johnson: Pioneering NASA Mathematician. 2020. Available from: https://www.space.com/katherine-johnson.html Tu Youyou. 2020. Available from: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2015/tu/facts/ Yahr, E. 2019. Miss America can be a scientist. Available from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2019/12/20/miss-america-can-be-scientist-camille-schrier-virginia-wins-after-onstage-chemistry-experiment/

I am back at it with my thoughts on how the media covers disease outbreaks. Sources Understanding H1N1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074714/ Coverage of Ebola https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4300452/ Media effects on students https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3320361/ Bullies attack Asian American teen https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronavirus-bullies-attack-asian-teen-los-angeles-accusing-him-of-having-coronavirus/?fbclid=IwAR0PsZC8cljItu53MBpJo7JxGGgBgVF8kCM6yhmq5UiY1WqiBscPzHzPLcM Media Messages https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/1/16-0589_article SARS facts https://www.cdc.gov/sars/about/fs-sars.html SARS Timeline https://www.cdc.gov/about/history/sars/timeline.htm Which is the real pandemic https://www.euronews.com/2020/02/05/which-is-the-real-pandemic-coronavirus-or-the-hysteria-that-follows-euronews-reality-check Social media infodemic https://www.technologyreview.com/s/615184/the-coronavirus-is-the-first-true-social-media-infodemic/ Understanding Ebola https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5022139/ SARS killed hundreds https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-02-18/sars-coronavirus-china-epidemic The H1N1 pandemic https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1116 Outbreaks breed hysteria https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/10/why-outbreaks-breed-hysteria/381898/ COVID-19 advice https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters COVID-2019 Situation Reports https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/ Ebola Virus https://www.who.int/health-topics/ebola/#tab=tab_1 SARS Cases https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/ Role of media https://www.longdom.org/open-access/role-of-media-in-portraying-ebola-in-and-outside-africa-2329-891X-1000152.pdf SARS Lessons https://niemanreports.org/articles/lessons-from-sars-coverage/

It is a period of bacterial war. A curious scientist, returning from a summer trip, has won his first victory against S. aureus. His blue green mold, secreting an unknown substance with the ability kill bacterial microbes, has forced the bacteria to retreat. Pursued into the 21st century, the bacteria have developed the power to resist Flemming's green blue mold and potentially bring a period of uncertainty to humanity. Sources: Bellis, M. 2019. The history of penicillin and antibiotics. ThoughtCo. Available from: https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-penicillin-1992304 Biography.com. Alexander Flemming. 2019. Available from: https://www.biography.com/scientist/alexander-fleming The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019. Biggest Threats: 2019 AR Threats Report. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/biggest-threats.html Flemming, A. 1945. Penicillin Nobel Lecture. Goff, D. 2016. Antibiotics “just-in-case”.TEDx Talks; Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALryAB_AYiA Harkins, C. 2017. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus emerged long before the introduction of methicillin into clinical practice. Genome Biol; 18(130)Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5517843/ Lax, E. 2004.The Mold in Dr. Florey's Coat. New York (NY): Holt Paperbacks. Lima, R. Sá Del Fiol, F., Balcão, V.M. 2019. Prospects for the Use of New Technologies to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Front Pharmacol; 10(692) Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6598392/ Pietzsch, J. Enhancing X-ray vision. The Nobel Prize; Available from: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1964/perspectives/ Solensky, R. 2019. Patient education: Allergy to penicillin and related antibiotics (beyond the basics). UpToDate. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/allergy-to-penicillin-and-related-antibiotics-beyond-the-basics Sprenger, M. 2015. How to stop antibiotic resistance? Here's a WHO prescription. The World Health Organization. Available from: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/commentaries/stop-antibiotic-resistance/en/ The World Health Organization. 2020. Lack of new antibiotics threatens global efforts to contain drug-resistant infections. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/17-01-2020-lack-of-new-antibiotics-threatens-global-efforts-to-contain-drug-resistant-infections Wu, K. What causes antibiotic resistance? TED ED; Available from: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-antibiotics-become-resistant-over-time-kevin-wu Yocun, R.R., Rasmussen, J.R., Strominger, J.L. 1980. The mechanism of action of penicillin. Penicillin acylates the active site of Bacillus stearothermophilus D-alanine carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem; 255(9): 3977-86. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7372662

This episode stars special guest Noel Wallace, a fellow undergraduate student. Together we try to bring together the fields of Dietetics and Medicine through dialogue between two nerdy health people. As always, I am not medical professional. Please see your primary care physician if you are in need of medical advice. Sources: Bihari, M. 2019. What does medication tolerance mean? [Internet] Verywellmind. Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/medication-tolerance-1124101 Core elements of hospital antibiotic stewardship programs. [Internet] 2019. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/core-elements/hospital.html “Eat Your Medicine: Food as Pharmacology.” Dr. Mark Hyman, 21 Oct. 2019, drhyman.com/blog/2011/10/14/eat-your-medicine-food-as-pharmacology/. The Eight Principles of Patient-Centered Care [Internet]. 2015. Oneview; Available from: https://www.oneviewhealthcare.com/the-eight-principles-of-patient-centered-care/ Kleinsinger, F. 2018. The unmet challenge of medication nonadherence. The Permanente Journal. [Internet]. 22: 18-033. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6045499/ Marwick, C. (1995). “Learning How Phytochemicals Help Fight Disease.” JAMA. Myrick, J.G., Pavelko, R.L. 2018. Examining differences in audience recall and reaction between mediated portrayals of mental illness as trivializing versus stigmatizing. Journal of Health Communication. [Internet]. 22(11): 876-884. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29023203 Parekh, N., Shrank, W. 2018. Dangers and opportunities of direct-to-consumer advertising. The Journal of General Internal Medicine. [Internet]. 33(5): 586-587. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-018-4342-9 Pollan, Michael. (2008). In defense of food : an eater's manifesto. New York :Penguin Press. Turner, Natasha. (2014) “3 Ways to Treat PMS Naturally and Balance Your Hormones.” Chatelaine. www.chatelaine.com/health/three-steps-to-reduce-pms-and-balance-your-hormones/.

Where it all began. I took a class taught by Dr. Cynthia Canan on drug taking culture in America, and I was inspired by our final project to make a podcast. So here is the cumulation of an entire semester of work. This episode discusses stigma around antidepressants, and the role media plays in reinforcing this stigma. Again, I am not a medical professional. If you want advice, please see your primary care provider. Citations: Karp, D.A. 2007. Is it me or my meds?: Living with Anti-depressants. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press. Myrick J.G., Pavelko, R.L. 2018. Examining Differences in Audience Recall and Reaction Between Mediated Portrayals of Mental Illness as Trivializing Versus Stigmatizing. Journal of Health Communication. [Internet]. [Accessed 16 Nov 2019]; 22(11): 876-884. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29023203 Saleh, N. 2019. How the stigma of mental health is spread by mass media. [Internet]. Very Well Mind; [Accessed 16 Nov 2019]. Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/mental-health-stigmas-in-mass-media-4153888 (Links to an external site.) Stuart, H. 2006. Media portrayal of mental illness and its treatments. CNS Drugs. [Internet]. [Accessed 16 Nov 2019]; 22(2): 99-106. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16478286