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Real Life Pharmacology - Pharmacology Education for Health Care Professionals
Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis through binding to penicillin-binding proteins, leading to cell lysis and death. Clinically, cefepime is commonly used in hospital settings for serious infections such as pneumonia, febrile neutropenia, urinary tract infections, skin infections, and intra-abdominal infections. It's typically administered intravenously, with doses often ranging from 1 to 2 grams every 8 to 12 hours depending on the indication and renal function. From a pharmacokinetic standpoint, cefepime is primarily renally eliminated, so dose adjustments are required in patients with impaired kidney function. Failure to reduce the dose appropriately can lead to neurotoxicity — one of the key adverse effects associated with cefepime — manifesting as encephalopathy, confusion, myoclonus, or seizures, particularly in elderly or renally impaired patients. Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset and rash. Cefepime has relatively limited drug interactions, though concurrent nephrotoxic agents can increase the risk of renal injury.
In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Enzyme Kinetics from the Pharmacology section.Follow Medbullets on social media:Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbulletsInstagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficialTwitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets
In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Drug Interactions from the Pharmacology section.Follow Medbullets on social media:Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbulletsInstagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficialTwitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets
On this episode, we review irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and describe its clinical presentations, subtypes, and pathophysiology. We discuss current guidelines and evidence-based treatment strategies for managing IBS, including pharmacological, dietary, and lifestyle interventions. We also compare and contrast the efficacy, safety profiles, and appropriate use of IBS therapies, including medications, dietary modifications, and symptom-specific management strategies. Cole and I are happy to share that our listeners can claim ACPE-accredited continuing education for listening to this podcast episode! We have continued to partner with freeCE.com to provide listeners with the opportunity to claim 1-hour of continuing education credit for select episodes. For existing Unlimited (Gold) freeCE members, this CE option is included in your membership benefits at no additional cost! A password, which will be given at some point during this episode, is required to access the post-activity test. To earn credit for this episode, visit the following link below to go to freeCE's website: https://www.freece.com/ If you're not currently a freeCE member, we definitely suggest you explore all the benefits of their Unlimited Membership on their website and earn CE for listening to this podcast. Thanks for listening! If you want to support the podcast, check out our Patreon account. Subscribers will have access to all previous and new pharmacotherapy lectures as well as downloadable PowerPoint slides for each lecture. If you purchase an annual membership, you'll also get a free digital copy of High-Powered Medicine 3rd edition by Dr. Alex Poppen, PharmD. HPM is a book/website database of summaries for over 150 landmark clinical trials.You can visit our Patreon page at the website below: www.patreon.com/corconsultrx We want to give a big thanks to Dr. Alex Poppen, PharmD and High-Powered Medicine for sponsoring the podcast.. You can get a copy of HPM at the links below: Purchase a subscription or PDF copy - https://highpoweredmedicine.com/ Purchase the paperback and hardcover - Barnes and Noble website We want to say thank you to our sponsor, Pyrls. Try out their drug information app today. Visit the website below for a free trial: www.pyrls.com/corconsultrx We also want to thank our sponsor Freed AI. Freed is an AI scribe that listens, prepares your SOAP notes, and writes patient instructions. Charting is done before your patient walks out of the room. You can try 10 notes for free and after that it only costs $99/month. Visit the website below for more information: https://www.getfreed.ai/ If you have any questions for Cole or me, reach out to us via e-mail: Mike - mcorvino@corconsultrx.com Cole - cswanson@corconsultrx.com
“I think that this is an area that is exploding. Working with drug development, I see new agents all the time, with unique targets I've never heard about, with targets I have heard about used in a different way. So, I really think we're going to see more and more bispecifics. A lot of these drugs are used second line, third line, fourth line. I would not be surprised if they moved up in treatment, especially as we learn safer ways to give these drugs,” ONS member Moe Schwartz, PharmD, BCOP, FHOP, professor of pharmacy practice at the James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy at the University of Cincinnati, OH, told Jaime Weimer, MSN, RN, AGCNS-BS, AOCNS®, manager of oncology nursing practice at ONS, during a conversation about bispecific antibodies. Music Credit: “Fireflies and Stardust” by Kevin MacLeod Licensed under Creative Commons by Attribution 3.0 Earn 0.5 contact hours of nursing continuing professional development (NCPD) by listening to the full recording and completing an evaluation at courses.ons.org by October 3, 2026. The planners and faculty for this episode have no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies to disclose. ONS is accredited as a provider of nursing continuing professional development by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation. Learning outcome: Learner will report an increase in knowledge related to the use of bispecific antibodies in the treatment of cancer. Episode Notes Complete this evaluation for free NCPD. ONS Podcast™ episodes: Pharmacology 101 series Episode 275: Bispecific Monoclonal Antibodies in Hematologic Cancers and Solid Tumors Episode 261: CAR T-Cell Therapy for Hematologic Malignancies Requires Education and Navigation Episode 176: Oncologic Emergencies: Cytokine Release Syndrome ONS Voice articles: An Oncology Nurse's Guide to Bispecific Antibodies Bispecific Antibodies Cross-Discipline Cancer Care ONS Voice oncology drug reference sheets: Amivantamab-Vmjw Blinatumomab Epcoritamab-Bysp Glofitamab-Gxbm Mosunetuzumab-Axgb Tebentafusp-Tebn Teclistamab-Cqyv ONS book: Guide to Cancer Immunotherapy (second edition) ONS course: ONS/ONCC® Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate™ Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing article: Optimizing Transitions of Care in Multiple Myeloma Immunotherapy: Nurse Roles Other ONS resources: Bispecific Antibodies Video Bispecifics Huddle Card Cytokine Release Syndrome Huddle Card Immune Effector Cell–Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome Huddle Card DailyMed homepage Hematology/Oncology Pharmacy Association late-breaking news article: The Emerging Use of Bispecific Antibodies with Chemotherapy in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma To discuss the information in this episode with other oncology nurses, visit the ONS communities. To find resources for creating an ONS Podcast club in your chapter or nursing community, visit the ONS Podcast Library. To provide feedback or otherwise reach ONS about the podcast, email pubONSVoice@ons.org Highlights From This Episode “It was 2014 that most of us think of as the beginning of bispecifics in cancer, and that was with approval of blinatumomab. That was granted accelerated approval for the treatment of patients with Philadelphia chromosome–negative relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It is a bispecific that targets CD19-expressing tumor cells and CD3 on T cells. It's the original bispecific T-cell engager and is often called a ‘BiTE.'” TS 2:11 “The term ‘bispecific' means that this is an artificial protein that's developed to hit two different antigens simultaneously. They can be two different epitopes on the same antigen. They can be an antigen on a cancer cell and CD3 on a T cell that kind of recruits the T cell to the cancer. So, there are different types [of bispecific antibodies]. The subtype that we often talk about are bispecific T-cell engagers, which are those bispecifics that do target the T cell. And currently, the target on the T cell that's utilized is the CD3 molecule. That's not the only one that will be used in the future because there's a lot of work being done on other types of T-cell engagers.” TS 4:21 “The targets for lymphoma are CD20. Those are bispecific T-cell engagers that hit CD20 on the lymphoma cell, as well as CD3 on a T cell. ... In myeloma, we have two different targets that have been utilized. One is BCMA or B-cell maturation antigen. That sits on the surface of myeloma cells and on some healthy B cells. ... There's also a target used in myeloma that's called GPRC5D, which stands for G protein–coupled receptor, class C, group 5, member D. ... In small cell lung cancer, there's delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3); it's part of the NOTCH pathway. ... And then this year, we've had a couple agents come out that target HER2.” TS 6:52 “[Toxicities] are very dependent on what your target is. ... The bispecific T-cell engager that's used in myeloma that targets the GPRC5D is also expressed on tissues that produce hard keratin like hair follicles and actually, within the tongue. So the toxicities that we see with that agent are something you wouldn't expect to see if you were using a myeloma agent. You see nail and skin issues. You see taste problems. So it's very specific about the target, which says to me, that every time a new one of these agents comes out, I have to learn about the target that helps me learn about the toxicity. I find that fascinating and really appreciate that.” TS 16:19 “Cytokine release syndrome has been one of the areas that drug development has really focused on to see how they can help mitigate the severity [of it]. ... [One of] the strategies that has been incorporated and studied in clinical trials is the step-up dosing scheme. [It's] where you give initial small doses and over time, increase the dose to the dose you're going to continue with. Usually, monitoring in the hospital is required by the FDA approval for anywhere from 28–48 hours for the first couple of doses. And that's a real common strategy that you'll see. Premedication with H2 blockers, H1 blockers, sometimes steroids. These are also things that are incorporated within the approvals of these drugs and are important to look at.” TS 20:53
In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Central and Peripheral Nervous System from the Pharmacology section.Follow Medbullets on social media:Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbulletsInstagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficialTwitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets
Every other week I'm republishing one of my most popular or impactful episodes and adding an update, new insight, or context that will help you benefit from it even more. This week I'm highlighting Episode 175, which is a cardiac pharmacology PodQuiz. Think of it as flashcards for your ears! Hit play on this episode to review cardiac meds. If you love this podquiz, you'll LOVE my private podcast Study Sesh. Study Sesh uses dynamic audio formats (like podquizzes!) to help you study on-the-go. ---- FREE CLASS - If all you've heard are nursing school horror stories, then you need this class! Join me in this on-demand session where I dispel all those nursing school myths and show you that YES...you can thrive in nursing school without it taking over your life! Study Sesh - If you loved this podquiz, you'll LOVE Study Sesh! Change the way you study with this private podcast that includes dynamic audio formats including podquizzes, case studies and drills that help you review and test your recall of important nursing concepts on-the-go. Free yourself from your desk with Study Sesh! Pharmacology Success Pack - Want to get a head start on pharmacology? Download the FREE Pharmacology Success Pack. Fast Pharmacology - Learn pharmacology concepts in 5 minutes or less in this audio based program. Perfect for on-the-go review! Straight A Nursing App - Study on-the-go with the Straight A Nursing app! Review more than 5,000 flashcards covering a wide range of subjects including Fundamentals, Pediatrics, Med Surg, Mental Health, Maternal Newborn, and more! Available for free in the Apple App Store and Google Play Store.
Real Life Pharmacology - Pharmacology Education for Health Care Professionals
Midodrine is an oral alpha-1 agonist most commonly used for the treatment of symptomatic orthostatic hypotension. Its mechanism of action is through peripheral vasoconstriction, which helps increase blood pressure. Because of its short duration of action, it is typically dosed three times daily, with the last dose recommended in the late afternoon to reduce the risk of hypertension at night. Clinically, midodrine is often considered when non-pharmacologic strategies for orthostatic hypotension (such as increased salt/fluid intake, compression stockings, or physical counter-maneuvers) are not enough. Pharmacists should also be aware of prescribing cascades—such as urinary retention leading to tamsulosin initiation—that can arise when midodrine is used. Midodrine is generally not metabolized through cytochrome P450 pathways, so significant drug–drug interactions are less common. However, caution should be exercised with other agents that can raise blood pressure (like decongestants) or slow the heart rate (such as beta-blockers). Monitoring parameters include blood pressure, pulse, symptoms of urinary retention, and the patient's overall response to therapy.
In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Efficacy vs. Potency from the Pharmacology section.Follow Medbullets on social media:Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbulletsInstagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficialTwitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets
In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Salicylate/Aspirin Overdose from the Pharmacology section.Follow Medbullets on social media:Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbulletsInstagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficialTwitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets
In this episode, Dr. Jones talks again with Dr. Paul Anderson, naturopathic doctor, researcher, and teacher. He joined the podcast last year to talk about cholesterol and lipid labs. This time the focus is on NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) and why it matters for your health.They explain what NAD does in the body, especially for energy, brain function, and recovery. You'll hear how NAD levels drop as we age, how alcohol and medications can drain it faster, and the different ways the body makes NAD on its own.Dr. Anderson also talks about today's options, from supplements like NMN, NR, and niacinamide to IV therapy. He shares when IVs make sense, when oral forms might be enough, and what to know about side effects and safety, including the common question about NAD and cancer.This is a straight talk about NAD, what's real and what's hype, and how it can support energy, recovery, and long-term wellness.
In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Therapeutic Index from the Pharmacology section.Follow Medbullets on social media:Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbulletsInstagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficialTwitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets
In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Dosage Calculations from the Pharmacology section.Follow Medbullets on social media:Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbulletsInstagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficialTwitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets
Welcome all to IS PHARMACOLOGY DIFFICULT Podcast! I am Dr Radhika VijayIts for all- doctor, pharmacologist, med student, pharmacist and laymen interested in science of Pharmacology, drugs and medicinesWISHING ALL A VERY HAPPY INTERNATIONAL PODCAST DAY!! (2025)My podcast is featured in "BEST SCIENCE PODCASTS"- Check the link here:https://podcasts.feedspot.com/india_science_podcasts/My podcast is featured in "BEST INDIAN MEDICAL PODCASTS". Check the link here:https://podcasts.feedspot.com/india_medical_podcasts/?feedid=5503395For all the updates and latest episodes of my podcast, please visit www.ispharmacologydifficult.com where you can also sign up for a free monthly newsletter of mine."Pharmacology Further" E-Newsletter and Podcast:The links for these are at all my websites and specifically:Link for E-Newsletter: https://pharmacologyfurther.substack.com/Link for the E-Newsletter Podcast: https://www.pharmacologyfurther.comIt actually contains lot of updates about the medical sciences, drug information and my podcast updates also.You can follow me on different social media handles like twitter, insta, facebook and linkedin. They all are with same name "IS PHARMACOLOGY DIFFICULT". If you are listening for the first time, do follow me here, whatever platform you are consuming this episode, stay tuned, do rate and review on ITunes, Apple podcasts, stay safe, stay happy, stay enlightened, Thank you!!Please leave Review on Apple podcasts!My E-Newsletter sign up at Substack!Connect on Twitter & Instagram!My books on Amazon & Goodreads!
In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Phase I vs. Phase II Metabolism from the Pharmacology section.Follow Medbullets on social media:Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbulletsInstagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficialTwitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets
In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Pharmacodynamics from the Pharmacology section.Follow Medbullets on social media:Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbulletsInstagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficialTwitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets
Real Life Pharmacology - Pharmacology Education for Health Care Professionals
Zosyn (piperacillin/tazobactam) is a broad-spectrum β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination used widely in hospitals. Piperacillin covers gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria, while tazobactam helps protect against β-lactamase breakdown. It is commonly used for pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and febrile neutropenia. An important pharmacology pearl for exams is understanding that Pseudomonas, but it doesn't cover MRSA. The drug is renally eliminated, so dosing adjustments are needed in kidney impairment. Many institutions use extended or prolonged infusions to maximize time above the MIC, which can improve efficacy. Standard dosing is 3.375 g to 4.5 g every 6–8 hours, with modifications for dialysis patients. Adverse effects include hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal upset, electrolyte imbalances like hypokalemia, and blood count changes with prolonged therapy. A key clinical concern is nephrotoxicity risk, especially when used with vancomycin. Monitoring renal function and electrolytes are important. Methotrexate and probenecid are two medications that can interact with Zosyn. Concentrations of Zosyn can be increased when these medications are used in combination.
Welcome all to IS PHARMACOLOGY DIFFICULT Podcast! I am Dr Radhika VijayThis is my lecture/presentation for the conference = Global GoaCon 2025In this episode, I will talk about- "Biopharmaceuticals and Gene Therapy"It will be a great, insightful discussion!Its for all- doctor, pharmacologist, med student, pharmacist and laymen interested in science of Pharmacology, drugs and medicinesMy podcast is featured in "BEST SCIENCE PODCASTS"- Check the link here:https://podcasts.feedspot.com/india_science_podcasts/My podcast is featured in "BEST INDIAN MEDICAL PODCASTS". Check the link here:https://podcasts.feedspot.com/india_medical_podcasts/?feedid=5503395For all the updates and latest episodes of my podcast, please visit www.ispharmacologydifficult.com where you can also sign up for a free monthly newsletter of mine."Pharmacology Further" E-Newsletter and Podcast:The links for these are at all my websites and specifically:Link for E-Newsletter: https://pharmacologyfurther.substack.com/Link for the E-Newsletter Podcast: https://www.pharmacologyfurther.comIt actually contains lot of updates about the medical sciences, drug information and my podcast updates also.You can follow me on different social media handles like twitter, insta, facebook and linkedin. They all are with same name "IS PHARMACOLOGY DIFFICULT". If you are listening for the first time, do follow me here, whatever platform you are consuming this episode, stay tuned, do rate and review on ITunes, Apple podcasts, stay safe, stay happy, stay enlightened, Thank you!!Please leave Review on Apple podcasts!My E-Newsletter sign up at Substack!Connect on Twitter & Instagram!My books on Amazon & Goodreads!
In this episode, we sit down with Dr. Tyler Panzner, a PhD scientist specializing in genetic health optimization, to discuss the most common mistakes people make with supplements. He emphasizes the importance of integrating both genetic data and blood work to create personalized wellness strategies, noting that while genetics reveal potential vulnerabilities, lifestyle and epigenetics determine how those genes express. Dr. Panzner also highlights the significance of methylation genes (like COMT), which impact neurotransmitters and detoxification, touches on the role of GLP-1s, as well as how psychedelics can be helpful tools. Overall, the conversation reinforces the value of precision health—leveraging genetic insights alongside lifestyle factors to make smarter, safer choices in supplementation.Dr. Tyler Panzner is a Ph.D. scientist with a deep background in pharmacology, cancer, neuroscience, and inflammation research. His passion for how different substances affect the body has been lifelong, but about seven years ago, he found his true calling in genetics and personalized medicine. Since then, he's been on a mission to create personalized vitamin, supplement, and lifestyle protocols tailored to each individual's unique biology.His approach is all about understanding what your cells truly need and uncovering which vitamins, supplements, or foods might not be a good match for your genetic makeup. He firmly believes that by aligning your habits with your genes, not only can you feel your best every day, but you can also lower your risk for chronic diseases in the long run. His practice focuses on genetically optimizing health, helping people unlock their body's full potential to truly thrive.Dr. Panzner sees a massive lack in supplement education across all sectors of healthcare, which shows up as unnecessary suffering as people feel worse due to the wrong supplement recommendations. He is driven to educate both practitioners for their practice and consumers in the supplement aisle of the store so they can make more informed decisions regarding their or their patient's supplementation strategies.SHOW NOTES:0:39 Welcome to the podcast!3:31 Dr. Tyler Panzner's Bio4:03 Welcome him to the show!5:05 This biggest mistake with supplementation9:31 Iron chelation & anemia12:35 CBD & Serotonin blockers15:51 GLP-1s: the good & bad24:25 Genetics vs lifestyle26:37 Cross-referencing with lab work 31:11 Histamine issues35:59 *ALIGN MAT*37:36 Methylation genes44:30 MTHFR52:46 Genetic testing57:17 Alzheimer's & APOE1:00:58 Psychedelics & genetics1:11:58 Natural ways to raise BDNF1:12:41 His finale piece of advice1:15:34 Where to find him1:16:16 Thanks for tuning in!RESOURCES:https://drtylerpanzner.com/InstagramFacebookLinkedInYouTubeTikTokAlign Mat - $250 off with code: BIOHACKERBABESEp 291: Align Mat with Alyssa & MikeSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/biohacker-babes-podcast/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands
Send us a textIt's easy for healthcare providers to feel overwhelmed by medication safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding. In this episode, Cara and Missi take this complex topic and make it simple.They start by highlighting a common issue: many clinicians still use the outdated FDA risk categories (A, B, C, D, X), which were replaced in 2015 by the more detailed Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule (PLLR). The hosts explain how pregnancy changes a person's body and how this affects medication, from blood volume to heart rate. They also cover specific medications to be cautious with, like ACE inhibitors and statins. When it comes to breastfeeding, the discussion turns to lactation risk categories (L1–L5) and practical factors like timing and a baby's age as well as what's really important for nursing moms. This episode covers common clinical scenarios and provides clear guidance on safe medication options for both pregnant and breastfeeding patients while providing valuable resources for students and practicing midwives. This episode turns an intimidating topic into a manageable framework for confident prescribing.#PrescribinginPregnancy #MedicationAndMotherhood #PerinatalPharmacology #PharmForWomensHealth #NoMoreABCDX #MidwiferyMatters #JusticeForTylenol #CallTheMidwife #OurFavePharmD
Senna is a stimulant laxative. Its pharmacological activity comes from natural compounds called sennosides. Metabolites act locally in the colon to stimulate peristalsis, thereby accelerating bowel movements. While osmotic laxatives are generally considered first-line laxative agents, this makes senna a useful alternative for the short-term treatment of constipation. The pharmacokinetics of senna are unique in that its onset of action typically takes 6 to 12 hours after oral administration, reflecting the time required for colonic bacteria to metabolize sennosides into active compounds. This delayed onset makes senna better suited for bedtime dosing when overnight relief is desired. Although senna is effective, its use carries potential adverse effects. Common side effects include abdominal cramping, diarrhea, and, rarely, electrolyte disturbances such as hypokalemia. Chronic or excessive use can lead to dependency and possibly melanosis coli, a benign but visible pigmentation of the colon lining. Drug interactions may occur, particularly with medications affected by potassium levels, such as digoxin or diuretics. For these reasons, senna is generally recommended for short-term use, with emphasis on evaluating underlying causes of constipation before long-term therapy is considered.
Listen in to round out our conversation about anticoagulation, by hearing from two Anticoagulation Stewardship Pharmacists - Hadley Bortz from the Alfred in Melbourne and Julianne Chong from Concord Hospital. Find out more about ACS programs in Australia and overseas and the benefits that these programs can bring to your health service. Anticoagulant patient care plan Anticoagulation Forum Advancing Anticoagulation Stewardship: A Playbook CATAG Medicines Stewardship Toolkit
Real Life Pharmacology - Pharmacology Education for Health Care Professionals
Revefenacin (brand name Yupelri) is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) used for the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It works by blocking muscarinic receptors, particularly the M3 subtype, in airway smooth muscle. This antagonism reduces cholinergic bronchoconstriction and leads to sustained bronchodilation. Unlike short-acting anticholinergics such as ipratropium, revefenacin provides 24-hour bronchodilation with once-daily dosing. One of the distinguishing features of revefenacin is that it is the first nebulized LAMA approved for COPD maintenance therapy. Many patients with advanced COPD, physical limitations, or difficulty using handheld inhalers benefit from a nebulized formulation, as it allows medication delivery without requiring hand-breath coordination or a forceful inhalation. This makes it a useful option for patients with poor inhaler technique or those transitioning from hospital care. Pharmacokinetically, revefenacin is delivered via nebulization, with peak effects typically observed within a couple of hours. Importantly, systemic absorption is relatively low, but elderly patients or those with hepatic impairment may be more susceptible to anticholinergic side effects. Clinically, revefenacin improves lung function, reduces COPD symptoms, and can decrease exacerbation frequency. Common adverse effects include cough, dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention. Caution is advised in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma or prostatic hyperplasia due to its antimuscarinic properties. Revefenacin is not intended for acute bronchospasm or rescue therapy—it is strictly for long-term, once-daily maintenance.
Patrick Holford Patrick Holford, BSc, DipION, FBANT, NTCRP, is a leading spokesman on nutrition and mental health and founder of both the Food for the Brain Foundation, VitaminC4Covid and the Institute for Optimum Nutrition, an educational charity that offers degree accredited training in nutritional therapy. Originally trained in psychology. Patrick was involved in groundbreaking research showing that multivitamins can increase children's IQ scores – the subject of a Horizon television documentary in the 1980s. He was one of the first promoters of the importance of zinc, essential fats, low-GL diets and homocysteine-lowering B vitamins and their importance in mental health and Alzheimer's prevention, working closely with David Smith, Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology at the University of Oxford. He is CEO of the charitable Food for the Brain Foundation and Director of the Alzheimer's is Preventable campaign and Chair of their Scientific Advisory Board. He is the author of several papers and 46 books, translated into over 30 languages, including The Optimum Nutrition Bible, Optimum Nutrition for the Mind, Food is Better Medicine than Drugs, the Ten Secrets of Healthy Ageing and Upgrade Your Brain, as well his latest book Alzheimer's:Prevention is the Cure. He is a retired visiting professor at the University of Teeside and is in the Orthomolecular Medicine Hall of Fame and on the Editorial Board for the Orthomolecular News Service. Patrick brings 40 years of research and experience in the field of nutrition. Link to Show Notes on Website https://fabulouslyketo.com/podcast/245 Patrick’s Top Tips Eat stuff that you can pull out of the ground or out of a tree or eggs, meat fish. Get sugar down. Take fish seriously especially oily fish. Move towards whole foods that have not been sprayed with pesticides. Patrick’s Books Alzheimer’s:Prevention is the Cure: You are the master of your brain’s future health – Patrick Holford Upgrade Your Brain: Unlock Your Life's Full Potential – Patrick Holford And many more books Resources Mentioned Cognitive Function Test Connect with Patrick Holford on social media Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/patrickholford Instagram: patrickholford.uk YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@FabulouslyKeto Website Details: https://foodforthebrain.org https://www.patrickholford.com The Fabulously Keto Diet & Lifestyle Journal: A 12-week journal to support new habits – Jackie Fletcher If you have enjoyed listening to this episode – Leave us a review By leaving us a review on your favourite podcast platform, you help us to be found by others. Support Jackie Help Jackie make more episodes by supporting her. If you wish to support her we have various options from one off donations to becoming a Super Fabulously Keto Podcast Supporter with coaching and support. Check out this page for lots of different ways to support the podcast. https://fabulouslyketo.com/support Or You can find us on Patreon: https://www.patreon. com/FabulouslyKeto Connect with us on social media https://www.facebook.com/FabulouslyKeto https://www.instagram.com/FabulouslyKeto1 https://twitter.com/FabulouslyKeto https://www.youtube.com/@FabulouslyKeto Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/FabulouslyKeto Music by Bob Collum Recommend a guest We would love to know if you have a favourite guest you would like us to interview. Let us know who you would like to hear of if you have a particular topic you would like us to cover. https://fabulouslyketo.com/recommend-a-guest We sometimes get a small commission on some of the links, this goes towards the costs of producing the podcast.
On this episode, we define anemia and describe its clinical presentations, classifications, and underlying etiologies. We evaluate current guidelines and evidence-based strategies for diagnosing and managing different types of anemia, including iron-deficiency, vitamin B12/folate-deficiency, and anemia of chronic disease. Cole and I are happy to share that our listeners can claim ACPE-accredited continuing education for listening to this podcast episode! We have continued to partner with freeCE.com to provide listeners with the opportunity to claim 1-hour of continuing education credit for select episodes. For existing Unlimited (Gold) freeCE members, this CE option is included in your membership benefits at no additional cost! A password, which will be given at some point during this episode, is required to access the post-activity test. To earn credit for this episode, visit the following link below to go to freeCE's website: https://www.freece.com/ If you're not currently a freeCE member, we definitely suggest you explore all the benefits of their Unlimited Membership on their website and earn CE for listening to this podcast. Thanks for listening! If you want to support the podcast, check out our Patreon account. Subscribers will have access to all previous and new pharmacotherapy lectures as well as downloadable PowerPoint slides for each lecture. If you purchase an annual membership, you'll also get a free digital copy of High-Powered Medicine 3rd edition by Dr. Alex Poppen, PharmD. HPM is a book/website database of summaries for over 150 landmark clinical trials.You can visit our Patreon page at the website below: www.patreon.com/corconsultrx We want to give a big thanks to Dr. Alex Poppen, PharmD and High-Powered Medicine for sponsoring the podcast.. You can get a copy of HPM at the links below: Purchase a subscription or PDF copy - https://highpoweredmedicine.com/ Purchase the paperback and hardcover - Barnes and Noble website We want to say thank you to our sponsor, Pyrls. Try out their drug information app today. Visit the website below for a free trial: www.pyrls.com/corconsultrx We also want to thank our sponsor Freed AI. Freed is an AI scribe that listens, prepares your SOAP notes, and writes patient instructions. Charting is done before your patient walks out of the room. You can try 10 notes for free and after that it only costs $99/month. Visit the website below for more information: https://www.getfreed.ai/ If you have any questions for Cole or me, reach out to us via e-mail: Mike - mcorvino@corconsultrx.com Cole - cswanson@corconsultrx.com
Leslie Hocker is a globally recognized entrepreneur, speaker, and coach with decades of experience across personal development, healthy longevity, skincare, and network marketing. She began her career as one of the youngest female executives in the petroleum industry, later pioneering Houston's first Pilates studio. Leslie was an early promoter for Tony Robbins' NLP and firewalk events and went on to become a certified NLP trainer through Robbins Research. Today, Leslie builds heart-led brands and mentors entrepreneurs around the world alongside her husband and business partner, a Doctor of Pharmacology. Her mission is to help others create powerful reinventions, live with intention, and build a life they don't need a vacation from. Only buy what you need, use Think Fitness Life's trusted affiliates when the service/supplement is right for you. For Physical Assistance Think Fitness Life Coaching is backed by 25 years of Experience guiding people to fitness freedom. Learn more Mention “Kickstart discount” for 10% off your first month. For Therapy Services we partnered with BetterHelp: A telehealth therapy service connecting people with licensed mental health therapists. Learn more By using the referral link you receive 10% off your first month. Disclaimer: We're here to share ideas and inspiration, not medical advice. Please check with your doctor before making any changes to your health or fitness routine.
Anesthesia and Critical Care Reviews and Commentary (ACCRAC) Podcast
In this 316th episode I welcome Dr. Kajstura back to the show to discuss the high yield topics of airway anatomy and pharmacology. Our Sponsors:* Check out Eko: https://ekohealth.com/ACCRAC* Check out FIGS and use my code FIGSRX for a great deal: https://wearfigs.com* Check out Factor: https://factormeals.com/accrac50off* Check out Truelearn and use my code Will provide as soon as we get confirmation from client for a great deal: https://truelearn.comAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy
“All of these TKIs [tyrosine kinase inhibitors] inhibit BCR-ABL1 in some way, shape, or form. When BCR-ABL1 is mutated, it has uncontrolled tyrosine kinase activity, leading to rapid cell proliferation. When we then inhibit that BCR-ABL1 that's been mutated, we disrupt this abnormal signaling pathway that drives CML [chronic myeloid leukemia] cell proliferation and survival, ultimately leading to decreased cancer cell growth, increased apoptosis or cell death, and potentially inducing a disease remission,” Samantha Maples, PharmD, BCOP, clinical pharmacy specialist supervisor for hematology and cellular therapy at Allegheny Health Network in Pittsburgh, PA, told Jaime Weimer, MSN, RN, AGCNS-BS, AOCNS®, manager of oncology nursing practice at ONS, during a conversation about the BCR-ABL1 inhibitor drug class. Music Credit: “Fireflies and Stardust” by Kevin MacLeod Licensed under Creative Commons by Attribution 3.0 Earn 0.5 contact hours of nursing continuing professional development (NCPD) by listening to the full recording and completing an evaluation at courses.ons.org by September 5, 2026. The planners and faculty for this episode have no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies to disclose. ONS is accredited as a provider of nursing continuing professional development by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation. Learning outcome: Learner will report an increase in knowledge related to the use of BCR-ABL1 inhibitors in the treatment of CML. Episode Notes Complete this evaluation for free NCPD. ONS Podcast™ episodes: Pharmacology 101 series Episode 322: Nursing Strategies to Reduce Readmission Rates for Patients With Cancer Episode 215: Navigate Updates in Oral Adherence to Cancer Therapies ONS Voice articles: Adherence to Oral Anticancer Medication Combination Therapy Shows Promise for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia The Case of the Medication Modification The Case of the Safety Session ONS course: Safe Handling Basics Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing articles: Targeted Drug Therapies: Beyond Blood Counts and Chemistries Oncology Nursing Forum articles: Adherence and Coping Strategies in Outpatients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Receiving Oral Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Fear of Progression in Outpatients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia on Oral Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Other ONS resources: Biomarker Database Financial Toxicity Huddle Card Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Huddle Card Oral Anticancer Medication Care Compass: Resources for Interprofessional Navigation Oral Anticancer Medication Learning Library National Comprehensive Cancer Network National Comprehensive Cancer Network patient resources To discuss the information in this episode with other oncology nurses, visit the ONS Communities. To find resources for creating an ONS Podcast club in your chapter or nursing community, visit the ONS Podcast Library. To provide feedback or otherwise reach ONS about the podcast, email pubONSVoice@ons.org. Highlights From This Episode “The IRIS study led to the approval of the BCR-ABL1 and TKI, imatinib, for CML in 2001 and completely changed the landscape of CML treatment. Then came the second-generation BCR-ABL1 TKIs: dasatinib in 2006, quickly followed by nilotinib in 2007. Thereafter came our second-generation, bosutinib, and our first approved third-generation TKI, ponatinib, both in 2012, which was a huge milestone as ponatinib overcomes resistance to the T315 I mutation, which no previously approved TKIs worked against.” TS 2:16 “The newest approved TKI, asciminib, is an allosteric inhibitor that binds to a different pocket on the BCR-ABL kinase via allosteric binding to the ABL myristoyl pocket. It's what's called a STAMP inhibitor, where STAMP stands for ‘specifically targeting the ABL myristoyl pocket.' And while all the TKIs target the BCR-ABL1 binding site, they can also inhibit different off-target kinases. And these differences in off-target inhibition are responsible for some of the different toxicities we see among the TKIs.” TS 4:51 “As a class, common toxicities include nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; cardiac toxicities, including cardiac arrhythmias and congestive heart failure; metabolic abnormalities such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia; nephrotoxicity; hepatic toxicity; hemorrhaging and bleeding; as well as cytopenia. Individually, some of these agents are more likely to cause certain side effects compared to others, and there are unique toxicities associated with certain TKIs.” TS 8:10 “We've moved to using preemptive loperamide [in our clinic] for the first three days of starting treatment, because it's really hard to get patients to continue to take a medication if they have such severe diarrhea that they end up in the hospital or they're unable to leave their house. A lot of times, we will proactively give patients antiemetics and loperamide to help with the nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. And then we can back off to an as-needed basis once they've been established on treatment. We can also use medications to help manage long-term complications that can require supportive care, such as statin therapy for high cholesterol, levothyroxine for hypothyroidism, anticoagulants for any venous thromboembolism, and antihypertensive medications for managing any new or worsening high blood pressure.” TS 12:44 “We are continually seeing these agents expand their indications to different lines of therapy, as well as more TKIs being approved for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. For example, asciminib just got approved in the frontline setting within the last year, whereas previously it was only approved in relapsed refractory setting. Last year, imatinib was the first BCR-ABL1 TKI to come out with a commercially supplied suspension option as well, which is huge in the pediatric space and [for] our adult patients who are unable to swallow tablets for other clinical reasons.” TS 21:22 “There is more information being published on the safe discontinuation of these medications with treatment-free remissions, and more information is coming out about who would be eligible and who can have the option to stop these treatments instead of having a lifelong chronic condition requiring continuous treatment. We're seeing more patients in clinical practice be able to stop BCR-ABL1 treatment, which has been a great development in CML.” TS 25:29
Real Life Pharmacology - Pharmacology Education for Health Care Professionals
Desmopressin is a synthetic analog of vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). It works by mimicking the action of natural ADH on the kidneys, primarily increasing water reabsorption in the collecting ducts. This effect reduces urine production and helps concentrate the urine. Because of this mechanism, desmopressin is commonly used in conditions like diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting), and sometimes for nocturia in adults. It also has a role in certain bleeding disorders, such as mild hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease, since it can increase plasma levels of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor. In this podcast, we will explore desmopressin pharmacology and much more. Desmopressin is available in several dosage forms, including oral tablets, intranasal spray, and injectable formulations. The choice depends on the indication and patient-specific factors such as age, convenience, or the need for rapid effect. Adverse effects of desmopressin are largely related to water balance. Because it reduces urine output, patients are at risk for water retention and hyponatremia, which can lead to headaches, confusion, seizures, or in severe cases, coma. Monitoring sodium levels is especially important in elderly patients and those taking other medications that can affect fluid or electrolyte balance. Clinicians also need to be mindful of drug interactions. Medications that increase the risk of hyponatremia, such as SSRIs, carbamazepine, or certain diuretics, may enhance desmopressin's adverse effects. Conversely, drugs that blunt its activity can reduce effectiveness. Careful monitoring and patient education are key parts of safe use.
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Real Life Pharmacology - Pharmacology Education for Health Care Professionals
On this podcast, I cover ciprofloxacin pharmacology. Ciprofloxacin is one of the most widely recognized fluoroquinolone antibiotics and has been on the market for decades. Because of its broad utility, it often comes up in practice, but it also carries significant adverse effect concerns and boxed warnings that pharmacists and prescribers need to keep in mind. From a pharmacology standpoint, ciprofloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes that are essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, and repair. This action gives ciprofloxacin bactericidal activity against a variety of gram-negative organisms, including E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It also has some gram-positive activity, though it is generally not the best choice for strep infections. Ciprofloxacin comes in multiple dosage forms, including oral tablets, oral suspension, and intravenous formulations, which makes it flexible across care settings. I discuss the conversion of IV and PO formulations. Pharmacokinetics are important to consider. Ciprofloxacin is primarily renally eliminated, so dose adjustments are necessary in patients with impaired kidney function. Distribution into tissues is generally good, but it has limited activity in the lungs against Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is why it is not a first-line option for community-acquired pneumonia. Adverse effects are a major concern. The fluoroquinolone class carries multiple boxed warnings. Ciprofloxacin has been associated with tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects such as agitation or seizures, and exacerbation of myasthenia gravis. More recent warnings include the risk for aortic aneurysm and hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, particularly in older adults or those with comorbidities. On top of these boxed warnings, ciprofloxacin can also prolong the QT interval and cause GI upset. Drug interactions are another big factor in practice. Ciprofloxacin is a CYP1A2 inhibitor, which can raise levels of drugs like theophylline, tizanidine, and clozapine. It also interacts with polyvalent cations such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminum, which can dramatically reduce its absorption—sometimes by more than 50%. This is a common reason for treatment failure if counseling isn't provided. From a dosing perspective, ciprofloxacin is usually given 250–750 mg orally twice daily or 400 mg IV every 8–12 hours depending on the indication and severity of infection. Renal dosing adjustments are needed as kidney function declines. In summary, ciprofloxacin is a powerful antibiotic when used appropriately. It remains an option for urinary tract infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections, and some cases of hospital-acquired pneumonia, but its use must be balanced with the potential for significant adverse effects and interactions. For pharmacists, educating patients on drug interactions, counseling about boxed warnings, and ensuring correct dosing in renal impairment are some of the most valuable interventions when ciprofloxacin shows up on a medication list.
Dr. Chris Masterjohn is the host of the Mastering Nutrition Podcast and founder of Mitome, where he helps people optimize their mitochondrial health through advanced analysis. He received his PhD in Nutritional Sciences from the University of Connecticut, completed his postdoctoral research at the University of Illinois, and served as Assistant Professor at Brooklyn College before choosing to work independently - free from institutional constraints - in science research and education. His groundbreaking SSRI series on his substack hasn't just exposed the truth about these drugs. It's revealed that we've been looking at them completely wrong. Dr. McFillin and Dr. Masterjohn expose how these drugs act as mitochondrial toxins, disrupt cellular energy, and deplete serotonin. They also explore the consequences no one talks about: from prenatal exposure to why so many patients say they feel “dead inside.”Chris Masterjohn, PhD Website Dr. Roger McFillin / Radically Genuine WebsiteYouTube @RadicallyGenuineDr. Roger McFillin (@DrMcFillin) / XSubstack | Radically Genuine | Dr. Roger McFillinInstagram @radicallygenuineContact Radically GenuineConscious Clinician CollectivePLEASE SUPPORT OUR PARTNERS15% Off Pure Spectrum CBD (Code: RadicallyGenuine)10% off Lovetuner click here
On this episode, we define obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and describe its clinical presentations, diagnostic criteria, and underlying pathophysiology. We evaluate current guidelines and evidence-based treatment strategies for managing OCD, including pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions. We also, compare and contrast the efficacy, safety profiles, and appropriate use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and other emerging treatment modalities for OCD. Dr. David Osser's psychopharmacology Algorithm Website Cole and I are happy to share that our listeners can claim ACPE-accredited continuing education for listening to this podcast episode! We have continued to partner with freeCE.com to provide listeners with the opportunity to claim 1-hour of continuing education credit for select episodes. For existing Unlimited (Gold) freeCE members, this CE option is included in your membership benefits at no additional cost! A password, which will be given at some point during this episode, is required to access the post-activity test. To earn credit for this episode, visit the following link below to go to freeCE's website: https://www.freece.com/ If you're not currently a freeCE member, we definitely suggest you explore all the benefits of their Unlimited Membership on their website and earn CE for listening to this podcast. Thanks for listening! If you want to support the podcast, check out our Patreon account. Subscribers will have access to all previous and new pharmacotherapy lectures as well as downloadable PowerPoint slides for each lecture. If you purchase an annual membership, you'll also get a free digital copy of High-Powered Medicine 3rd edition by Dr. Alex Poppen, PharmD. HPM is a book/website database of summaries for over 150 landmark clinical trials.You can visit our Patreon page at the website below: www.patreon.com/corconsultrx We want to give a big thanks to Dr. Alex Poppen, PharmD and High-Powered Medicine for sponsoring the podcast.. You can get a copy of HPM at the links below: Purchase a subscription or PDF copy - https://highpoweredmedicine.com/ Purchase the paperback and hardcover - Barnes and Noble website We want to say thank you to our sponsor, Pyrls. Try out their drug information app today. Visit the website below for a free trial: www.pyrls.com/corconsultrx We also want to thank our sponsor Freed AI. Freed is an AI scribe that listens, prepares your SOAP notes, and writes patient instructions. Charting is done before your patient walks out of the room. You can try 10 notes for free and after that it only costs $99/month. Visit the website below for more information: https://www.getfreed.ai/ If you have any questions for Cole or me, reach out to us via e-mail: Mike - mcorvino@corconsultrx.com Cole - cswanson@corconsultrx.com
On episode 525 of The Nurse Keith Show nursing and healthcare career podcast, Keith interviews author and lactation pharmacologist Dr. Kaytlin Krutsch, PhD, PharmD, MBA, BCPS. In the course of their conversation, Keith and Dr. Krutsch discuss the history and science behind the very specialized topic of lactation pharmacology, and why it should be of great importance to all healthcare professionals. Kaytlin Krutsch, PhD, PharmD, MBA, BCPS is a lactation pharmacologist who literally wrote the book on medications in human milk with Dr. Thomas Hale, Hale's Medications and Mothers' Milk. Dr. Krutsch is both Director of the Infant Risk Center and Associate Professor at the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, and advises the Food and Drug Administration, the Human Milk Banking Association of Northern America, and the pharmaceutical industry on lactation pharmacology and lactation research. Dr. Krutsch believes families deserve better answers to questions about breastfeeding and medications, and designs research that addresses their questions while creating a comprehensive information cycle that empowers families. This episode of the Nurse Keith Show is brought to you in collaboration with Springer Publishing, who have been delivering award-winning healthcare education and exam prep materials focused on nursing, behavioral health, and the health sciences for more than 70 years. We thank Springer Publishing for their support. Connect with Dr. Kaytlin Krutsch and The Infant Risk Center LinkedIn Instagram Facebook Infant Risk Center website Hale's Medications and Mother's Milk Contact Nurse Keith about holistic career coaching to elevate your nursing and healthcare career at NurseKeith.com. Keith also offers services as a motivational and keynote speaker and freelance nurse writer. You can always find Keith on LinkedIn. Are you looking for a novel way to empower your career and move forward in life? Keith's wife, Shada McKenzie, is a gifted astrologer and reader of the tarot who combines ancient and modern techniques to provide valuable insights into your motivations, aspirations, and life trajectory, and she offers listeners of The Nurse Keith Show a 10% discount on their first consultation. Contact Shada at TheCircelandtheDot.com or shada@thecircleandthedot.com.
In this episode, Dr. Andy Cutler interviews Dr. Roger McIntyre about the growing recognition of Long COVID and its wide-ranging neuropsychiatric manifestations. They discuss the role of neuroinflammation in its pathophysiology, the impact of these symptoms on patients' daily functioning, and both current and emerging treatment approaches. Dr. Roger McIntyre is a globally recognized psychiatrist and psychopharmacologist who holds pivotal roles in academia, research, and leadership. His research primarily focuses on the phenomenology, neurobiology, and development of novel therapeutics for mood disorders. Dr. McIntyre is currently a Professor of Psychiatry and Pharmacology at the University of Toronto. Andrew J. Cutler, MD, is a distinguished psychiatrist and researcher with extensive experience in clinical trials and psychopharmacology. He currently serves as the Chief Medical Officer of Neuroscience Education Institute and holds the position of Clinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry at SUNY Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, New York. Never miss an episode!
On this episode, we define acute mania and describe its clinical presentations, underlying causes, and pathophysiology. We evaluate current guidelines and evidence-based treatment strategies for managing acute mania, including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions. We also compare and contrast the efficacy, safety profiles, and appropriate use of mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and adjunctive therapies in the management of acute manic episodes. Cole and I are happy to share that our listeners can claim ACPE-accredited continuing education for listening to this podcast episode! We have continued to partner with freeCE.com to provide listeners with the opportunity to claim 1-hour of continuing education credit for select episodes. For existing Unlimited (Gold) freeCE members, this CE option is included in your membership benefits at no additional cost! A password, which will be given at some point during this episode, is required to access the post-activity test. To earn credit for this episode, visit the following link below to go to freeCE's website: https://www.freece.com/ If you're not currently a freeCE member, we definitely suggest you explore all the benefits of their Unlimited Membership on their website and earn CE for listening to this podcast. Thanks for listening! If you want to support the podcast, check out our Patreon account. Subscribers will have access to all previous and new pharmacotherapy lectures as well as downloadable PowerPoint slides for each lecture. If you purchase an annual membership, you'll also get a free digital copy of High-Powered Medicine 3rd edition by Dr. Alex Poppen, PharmD. HPM is a book/website database of summaries for over 150 landmark clinical trials.You can visit our Patreon page at the website below: www.patreon.com/corconsultrx We want to give a big thanks to Dr. Alex Poppen, PharmD and High-Powered Medicine for sponsoring the podcast.. You can get a copy of HPM at the links below: Purchase a subscription or PDF copy - https://highpoweredmedicine.com/ Purchase the paperback and hardcover - Barnes and Noble website We want to say thank you to our sponsor, Pyrls. Try out their drug information app today. Visit the website below for a free trial: www.pyrls.com/corconsultrx We also want to thank our sponsor Freed AI. Freed is an AI scribe that listens, prepares your SOAP notes, and writes patient instructions. Charting is done before your patient walks out of the room. You can try 10 notes for free and after that it only costs $99/month. Visit the website below for more information: https://www.getfreed.ai/ If you have any questions for Cole or me, reach out to us via e-mail: Mike - mcorvino@corconsultrx.com Cole - cswanson@corconsultrx.com
Real Life Pharmacology - Pharmacology Education for Health Care Professionals
Vilazodone (brand name Viibryd) is an antidepressant with a unique pharmacologic profile compared to most other agents in the SSRI class. While not a first-line choice for every patient, understanding its mechanism, adverse effects, and interaction profile is essential for optimizing therapy and preventing downstream prescribing problems. Mechanism of ActionVilazodone is classified as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and a partial agonist at the 5-HT1A receptor. The SSRI activity increases synaptic serotonin by blocking the serotonin transporter, while partial agonism at 5-HT1A receptors may contribute to antidepressant effects and potentially reduce certain SSRI-associated adverse effects (though clinical evidence for this benefit is mixed). Adverse Effects GI effects – diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are frequent early in therapy. Taking the medication with food can help minimize these. Insomnia – often dose-related; morning dosing may help. Sexual dysfunction – may be slightly lower than with some SSRIs but still present. Serotonin syndrome – rare but serious, particularly if combined with other serotonergic drugs. Discontinuation syndrome – abrupt cessation can lead to dizziness, irritability, and flu-like symptoms. Drug InteractionsVilazodone is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4. This means: CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, clarithromycin, ritonavir) can increase vilazodone concentrations, potentially worsening side effects—dose reductions may be required. CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., carbamazepine, rifampin, St. John's Wort) can lower drug levels, reducing effectiveness. Other serotonergic agents (e.g., triptans, SNRIs, MAOIs, tramadol, linezolid) increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. Antiplatelets and anticoagulants – SSRIs can impair platelet aggregation, increasing bleeding risk when combined with aspirin, NSAIDs, or warfarin. Prescribing Cascade ExamplesVilazodone's adverse effects can easily lead to unnecessary prescriptions if side effects aren't recognized: GI upset → Acid suppression therapy – Diarrhea or nausea prompts the addition of proton pump inhibitors or antiemetics, instead of adjusting vilazodone dose or timing. Insomnia → Hypnotic initiation – Trouble sleeping results in adding zolpidem or trazodone, without reassessing morning dosing or vilazodone's role. Sexual dysfunction → PDE5 inhibitor prescription – Erectile dysfunction leads to sildenafil use, when the root cause is vilazodone's serotonergic activity. Vilazodone's combination of SSRI and 5-HT1A partial agonist activity makes it somewhat distinct, but its side effect profile and interactions require the same careful monitoring as other antidepressants. Healthcare professionals can play a key role in catching early signs of adverse effects, preventing prescribing cascades, and ensuring drug–drug interactions are managed appropriately.
Are typical mouthwash products effective and are they worth recommending to our patients? Are there any products out there that can actually make a significant difference in our fight against perio disease? Our guest, Dr. Steven Milman, will address these questions and more. Dr. Milman received his dental degree from Baylor College of Dentistry in Dallas, Texas. He completed his Periodontal residency at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio. He was a researcher in periodontal microbiology and was a full time periodontist in his private practice in Round Rock and Austin, Texas for 36 years. Thanks to our episode sponsors: BISCO - https://www.bisco.com/ Solventum - https://www.solventum.com/en-us/home/oral-care/
Do arts interventions and creative engagement really make a difference in our lives and our brains? Yes, they really do. Come explore what the Neuro Arts movement is all about. In this conversation with Susan Magsamen, the author of Your Brain on Art: How the Arts Transform Us, and Director of The International Arts and Mind Lab at John's Hopkins University School of Medicine, we cover: *Why putting ourselves in the path of AWE is powerful for our brains. *What is Neuro-Plasticity? *How the Saliency Networks in our brains impacts why certain things resonate with us. *Why daydreaming is good for us. *How nature is the ultimate enriched environment for us. *What is the default mode network of our brain? The seat of ourslves or place of rumination? *And what actually causes us to ruminate? *The Aesthetic Triad, how we are wired vs our lived experiences. *The paradigm shift that is happening right now in public health. *Music Break, take a breathe and let go. (*Song: Of Your Own by James Harrell) *Why Art and Science together is potent medicine. *What is Entrainment and why is it so powerful in arts interventions? *Music Break ( *Song by James Harrell, from documentary film Separate But Equal) *Arts and Health vs. Pharmacology. *Are the Arts and Sciences dating? Yes and it's getting serious! *Closing song (Alchemy by Ilyana Kadushin and James Harrell) *Signing off with Ilyana and James and may include some special cat guest! All Music and Lyrics in this episode by James Harrell and Ilyana Kadushin. Visit: https://www.noiknowpodcast.com https://www.neuroartsresourcecenter.com/home
Dr. Charles Shepherd is the Honorary Medical Adviser to the ME Association, a patient charity in London, UK. Dr. Ken Friedman is a retired Associate Professor of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey University of Medicine and Dentistry, Newark, New Jersey. Following up … More ... The post Dr. Charles Shepherd and Dr. Ken Friedman – UK and US Updates on ME/CFS and Long Covid appeared first on Paradigms Podcast.
Real Life Pharmacology - Pharmacology Education for Health Care Professionals
Solifenacin is a bladder antimuscarinic medication most commonly used for overactive bladder (OAB) with symptoms of urinary frequency, urgency, and urge incontinence. Like other agents in its class, understanding the pharmacology can help anticipate potential side effects, drug interactions, and downstream prescribing problems. Mechanism of Action Solifenacin selectively blocks muscarinic M3 receptors in the bladder detrusor muscle. Inhibiting these receptors reduces involuntary bladder contractions, increases bladder capacity, and delays the urge to void. While M3 selectivity may theoretically reduce side effects compared to nonselective antimuscarinics, in clinical practice, many anticholinergic effects still occur. Adverse Effects Because muscarinic receptors are present throughout the body, solifenacin can lead to a range of anticholinergic adverse effects: Dry mouth – among the most common, can be significant enough to cause dental issues with long-term use. Constipation – especially problematic in older adults; severe cases may require hospitalization. Blurred vision – due to impaired accommodation. Cognitive impairment – increased risk in older adults, particularly with cumulative anticholinergic burden. Urinary retention – paradoxical worsening in patients with bladder outlet obstruction. Drug Interactions CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, clarithromycin, ritonavir) can increase solifenacin plasma concentrations, raising the risk of side effects. Other anticholinergics (e.g., diphenhydramine, tricyclic antidepressants, other bladder antimuscarinics) can result in additive toxicity and higher anticholinergic burden. QT-prolonging drugs (e.g., amiodarone, certain fluoroquinolones) may have additive cardiac risk since solifenacin has been associated with QT prolongation in rare cases. Prescribing Cascade Examples Constipation → Laxative initiation – A patient starts solifenacin for OAB and develops severe constipation, leading to chronic use of stimulant laxatives like senna or bisacodyl. Dry mouth → Mouth rinse prescription – Dry mouth is treated with saliva substitutes or prescription rinses, instead of reassessing the anticholinergic therapy. Cognitive decline → Donepezil initiation – In older adults, cognitive impairment may be mistaken for dementia progression, leading to cholinesterase inhibitor prescribing—directly counteracting the anticholinergic effects of solifenacin. Solifenacin can be an effective treatment for OAB, but the risk of adverse effects and prescribing cascades—especially in older adults—cannot be ignored. Healthcare professionals should regularly review the indication, monitor for anticholinergic burden, and look for opportunities to deprescribe when appropriate.
Drug-related deaths are at their highest levels in England and Wales since records began 30 years ago.Scotland has had the highest number of drug deaths in Europe for at least seven years. And the UK has even seen opioid-related deaths surpass the number of people dying in road traffic accidents.So today on Inside Health we're asking, what's the real story behind these numbers? Who is dying of a drug overdose and why - and how can we tackle this issue?James Gallagher is joined by an expert panel, including:- Professor Catriona Matheson, Professor in Substance Use at the University of Stirling and former chair of Scotland's drug deaths taskforce - Dr Caroline Copeland, Senior Lecturer in Pharmacology and Toxicology at King's College London and Director of the National Programme on Substance Use Mortality - Dr Michael Blackmore, a GP in Grangemouth, central Scotland, who has a special interest in addictions and is himself a former drug addict, now 16 years in recoveryWe also visit Professor Sir John Strang at the National Institute for Health and Care Research King's Clinical Research Facility to see how he is experimenting with new ways of tackling rising deaths. Professor Strang is based at the National Addictions Centre, King's College London, and monitors heroin users in the lab to see if this could in future bring about a wearable overdose detection device to save lives.Presenter: James Gallagher Producer Gerry Holt Researcher: Minnie Harrop Editor: Ilan Goodman Production coordinator: Ishmael SorianoIf you've been affected by addiction, details of help and support are available at bbc.co.uk/actionline.This episode was produced in partnership with The Open University.
“We're really using these in many, many types of malignancies. But you can see this class of drug, these monoclonal antibodies, the small molecule inhibitors, being used in colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, renal cell carcinoma, brain cancers, hepatocellular, non-small cell lung cancer, gynecologic malignancies, so lots of different types of cancers where we're seeing these drugs used,” Danielle Roman, PharmD, BCOP, manager of clinical pharmacy services at the Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute in Pittsburgh, PA, told Jaime Weimer, MSN, RN, AGCNS-BS, AOCNS®, manager of oncology nursing practice at ONS, during a conversation about the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor drug class. Music Credit: “Fireflies and Stardust” by Kevin MacLeod Licensed under Creative Commons by Attribution 3.0 Earn 0.5 contact hours of nursing continuing professional development (NCPD) by listening to the full recording and completing an evaluation at courses.ons.org by August 8, 2026. The planners and faculty for this episode have no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies to disclose. ONS is accredited as a provider of nursing continuing professional development by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation. Learning outcome: Learner will report an increase in knowledge related to the use of VEGF inhibitors in the treatment of cancer. Episode Notes Complete this evaluation for free NCPD. ONS Podcast™ episodes: Pharmacology 101 series Episode 303: Cancer Symptom Management Basics: Ocular Toxicities Episode 244: Cancer Symptom Management Basics: Cardiovascular Complications Episode 196: Oncologic Emergencies 101: Bleeding and Thrombosis Episode 161: Administer Bevacizumab Infusions With Confidence ONS Voice articles: Manage Afatinib's Adverse Events to Keep Patients on Treatment Oncology Drug Reference Sheet: Cabozantinib Oncology Drug Reference Sheet: Fruquintinib Patient Education Needs With Pazopanib Therapy for Soft Tissue Sarcoma ONS books: Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy Guidelines and Recommendations for Practice (second edition) Clinical Guide to Antineoplastic Therapy: A Chemotherapy Handbook (fourth edition) Safe Handling of Hazardous Drugs (fourth edition) ONS courses: Safe Handling Basics Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing article: Safety and Adverse Event Management of VEGFR-TKIs in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Oral Anticancer Medication Care Compass: Resources for Interprofessional Navigation ONS Oral Anticancer Medication Learning Library ONS Oral Anticancer Medication Toolkit IV Cancer Treatment Education Sheets Oral Chemotherapy Education Sheets To discuss the information in this episode with other oncology nurses, visit the ONS Communities. To find resources for creating an ONS Podcast club in your chapter or nursing community, visit the ONS Podcast Library. To provide feedback or otherwise reach ONS about the podcast, email pubONSVoice@ons.org. Highlights From This Episode “Cancer cells are known to secrete factors that cause the formation of new blood vessels, and tumors need blood vessels to supply themselves with nutrients so that they can grow and metastasize. A lot of tumors overexpress these factors, so they had more of this ability to create new blood vessels. You may hear that term somewhere neo vascularization. … And also these factors can increase the permeability of blood vessels, so making them kind of leaky blood vessels. … So the thought behind it is being able to block the ability for this new blood vessel formation and to decrease that leakiness or permeability of those blood vessels.” TS 2:07 “These are drugs that are tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These are oral, small molecule drugs that are acting intracellular, so they are working within the cell to bind and prevent that downstream signaling of producing more blood vessels. So we have a number of small molecule drugs that fall into this class. Many of them target multiple types of receptors, VEGF being included, but also a lot of these drugs have other targets.” TS 7:58 “I would really say, number one, something that we very commonly see with this drug class is hypertension. Giving you an example of bevacizumab—If we look at any grade hypertension, this can be up to 67% of patients, so very common toxicity really spanning all of these agents. So something that we need to be monitoring closely for.” TS 13:24 “With that impaired wound healing, keeping that in mind, as we are planning for this agent, for patients and even sometimes with the minor surgical procedures, maybe a need for a short hold, and even for something like a catheter placement. I know and some of the providers I work with have a preference for holding for a short period of time around that as well.” TS 20:15 “I think one big area, and we've seen some of this just recently, and particularly in the hepatocellular setting, we're seeing combinations of using the VEGF inhibitor class with immunotherapy. And so I think we're going to continue to see that evolve. Even hearing about some bispecific antibodies that are in development, where they are targeting VEGF as well as PD-L1, so getting the immunotherapy and VEGF effects.” TS 24:44
Real Life Pharmacology - Pharmacology Education for Health Care Professionals
In this episode, we break down itraconazole—a potent antifungal with a lot of baggage. If you're a pharmacist, clinician, or student who needs to understand how this drug works and why it can be tricky to use, this episode is for you. We start with the basics. Itraconazole blocks 14α-demethylase, an enzyme fungi need to make their cell membranes. That disruption kills or slows the fungus. It works against tough bugs like Aspergillus, Histoplasma, and Blastomyces, plus common skin infections. Side effects? Nausea, liver enzyme elevations, and more seriously, heart failure. Yes, itraconazole has a black box warning for worsening or causing congestive heart failure. If your patient has heart issues, think twice. Drug interactions are everywhere. Itraconazole is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. It can raise levels of drugs like statins, benzos, calcium channel blockers, and immunosuppressants—sometimes to dangerous levels. Don't co-prescribe without checking.
Can't pay attention? Well, you're gonna want to save SOME of that attention to learn about ADHD pharmacology, a surprisingly tricky topic made easy by OMS3 Ghazal Adibi!
On this episode, we provide an overview of insulin. We discuss the various insulin products available, basal vs prandial insulin, and dosing strategies. We also review clinical concepts such as overbasalization. Cole and I are happy to share that our listeners can claim ACPE-accredited continuing education for listening to this podcast episode! We have continued to partner with freeCE.com to provide listeners with the opportunity to claim 1-hour of continuing education credit for select episodes. For existing Unlimited (Gold) freeCE members, this CE option is included in your membership benefits at no additional cost! A password, which will be given at some point during this episode, is required to access the post-activity test. To earn credit for this episode, visit the following link below to go to freeCE's website: https://www.freece.com/ If you're not currently a freeCE member, we definitely suggest you explore all the benefits of their Unlimited Membership on their website and earn CE for listening to this podcast. Thanks for listening! If you want to support the podcast, check out our Patreon account. Subscribers will have access to all previous and new pharmacotherapy lectures as well as downloadable PowerPoint slides for each lecture. If you purchase an annual membership, you'll also get a free digital copy of High-Powered Medicine 3rd edition by Dr. Alex Poppen, PharmD. HPM is a book/website database of summaries for over 150 landmark clinical trials.You can visit our Patreon page at the website below: www.patreon.com/corconsultrx We want to give a big thanks to Dr. Alex Poppen, PharmD and High-Powered Medicine for sponsoring the podcast.. You can get a copy of HPM at the links below: Purchase a subscription or PDF copy - https://highpoweredmedicine.com/ Purchase the paperback and hardcover - Barnes and Noble website We want to say thank you to our sponsor, Pyrls. Try out their drug information app today. Visit the website below for a free trial: www.pyrls.com/corconsultrx We also want to thank our sponsor Freed AI. Freed is an AI scribe that listens, prepares your SOAP notes, and writes patient instructions. Charting is done before your patient walks out of the room. You can try 10 notes for free and after that it only costs $99/month. Visit the website below for more information: https://www.getfreed.ai/ If you have any questions for Cole or me, reach out to us via e-mail: Mike - mcorvino@corconsultrx.com Cole - cswanson@corconsultrx.com
Real Life Pharmacology - Pharmacology Education for Health Care Professionals
In this episode of our pharmacology podcast, we take a deep dive into the pharmacology of levomilnacipran (Fetzima), a unique serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. Designed for pharmacy students, clinicians, and anyone interested in psychopharmacology, this episode breaks down what makes levomilnacipran different from other antidepressants and how to use it effectively in clinical practice. We explore levomilnacipran's mechanism of action, which features a greater affinity for norepinephrine reuptake inhibition compared to serotonin—an uncommon trait among SNRIs. This pharmacologic profile gives it a distinctive effect on energy, motivation, and physical symptoms of depression. Listeners will also learn about its pharmacokinetics, including once-daily dosing, renal elimination, and metabolism via the CYP3A4 pathway—making drug interactions an important consideration. The episode also covers levomilnacipran side effects, including common adverse reactions like nausea, dry mouth, constipation, and increased heart rate or blood pressure. We'll also highlight rare but serious risks like serotonin syndrome and urinary hesitation. Because levomilnacipran drug interactions can impact safety and efficacy, we review important combinations to avoid, such as CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole), serotonergic drugs, and blood pressure-altering agents. For pharmacists and prescribers, this is a key segment to help guide safer medication use and monitoring. Finally, we wrap up with clinical pearls for starting, titrating, and monitoring levomilnacipran therapy—including renal dose adjustments and differences with duloxetine. Whether you're studying for boards or optimizing your patient's antidepressant regimen, this episode delivers a concise, evidence-based overview of levomilnacipran pharmacology in a digestible, podcast-friendly format.
Real Life Pharmacology - Pharmacology Education for Health Care Professionals
Asenapine is an atypical antipsychotic that acts as an antagonist at multiple receptors, including dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A, contributing to its antipsychotic and mood-stabilizing effects. Adverse effects of asenapine include somnolence, dizziness, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Because asenapine is significantly metabolized by CYP1A2, inhibitors or inducers of these enzymes can affect its plasma concentrations. Co-administration with other CNS depressants may increase the risk of sedation and impaired cognitive or motor function. Asenapine can prolong the QT interval, so caution is advised when used with other medications that affect cardiac conduction.
Real Life Pharmacology - Pharmacology Education for Health Care Professionals
Loxapine is a first-generation (typical) antipsychotic with dopamine D2 receptor antagonism as its primary mechanism, though it also has affinity for serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, making its pharmacology somewhat atypical. Loxapine is available in multiple formulations, including oral capsules and an inhalation powder, the latter approved specifically for acute agitation in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder. Sedation and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), including dystonia, akathisia, and parkinsonism, are common adverse effects due to its potent dopamine blockade in the nigrostriatal pathway. Orthostatic hypotension can occur with loxapine due to its alpha-1 adrenergic blockade, requiring monitoring in elderly patients or those on antihypertensives.
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