Podcasts about Pharmacology

In this section, I educate about the most common ICU sedation medications. You can find the full 16+ hour nursing pharmacology review course, including PDF handouts, cheat sheets, practice questions, and on-demand videos at meded101.com!

Katherine MacGilchrist comes from a long line of doctors, has degrees in Pharmacology and Epidemiology and spent many years working in the pharmaceuticals industry. But during ‘Covid' she began questioning the narrative and became a pariah and an outcaste. Since then she has found God, started homesteading and now gives talks to her Somerset community on vaccine dangers and how to deal with them. Her Twitter is @unveildeception ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Monetary Metals is providing a true alternative to saving and earning in dollars by making it possible to save AND EARN in gold and silver. Monetary Metals has been paying interest on gold and silver for over 8 years. Right now, accredited investors can earn 12% annual interest on silver, paid in silver in their latest silver bond offering. For example, if you have 1,000 ounces of silver in the deal, you receive 120 ounces of silver interest paid to your account in the first year. Go to the link in the description or head to https://monetary-metals.com/delingpole/ to learn more about how to participate and start earning a return on honest money again with Monetary Metals. ↓ ↓ How environmentalists are killing the planet, destroying the economy and stealing your children's future. In Watermelons, an updated edition of his ground-breaking 2011 book, JD tells the shocking true story of how a handful of political activists, green campaigners, voodoo scientists and psychopathic billionaires teamed up to invent a fake crisis called ‘global warming'. This updated edition includes two new chapters which, like a geo-engineered flood, pour cold water on some of the original's sunny optimism and provide new insights into the diabolical nature of the climate alarmists' sinister master plan. Purchase Watermelons by James Delingpole here: https://jamesdelingpole.co.uk/Shop/ ↓ ↓ ↓ Buy James a Coffee at: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/jamesdelingpole To support independent, no-holds-barred journalism and gain first and full access to all James's content, subscribe directly at https://jamesdelingpole.co.uk x

View the Show Notes Page for This Episode Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter In this episode, Peter dives into the pharmacology of sleep, exploring where sleep medications fit within the broader framework of achieving healthy, restorative sleep. He explains why sleep is a biological imperative, why behavioral and environmental interventions must remain the foundation of good sleep, and how medications can serve as useful tools when carefully matched to a person's specific sleep problem. Peter examines the major classes of prescription sleep medications, including how they work, their effects on sleep architecture, their duration of action, side effects, and risks of tolerance and dependence. He also discusses the dangers of using sleep drugs without a clear understanding of the underlying problem being treated, the role of medications as short-term bridges during periods of acute stress, pain, or anxiety, and the promise that newer drugs like DORAs may hold for Alzheimer's prevention in high-risk individuals. Finally, Peter reviews the evidence for select off-label medications and supplements commonly used for sleep. We discuss: The biological foundations of sleep, the major drivers of sleep dysfunction, and the role sleep medications can play when appropriately matched to specific sleep problems [1:00]; Sleep hygiene, circadian alignment, and the medical causes of insomnia: building the foundation for effective sleep treatment [7:15]; Understanding insomnia: hyperarousal, CBT-I, paradoxical insomnia, and why different sleep problems require different treatments [12:45]; The difference between sedation and physiologic sleep: sleep architecture, restorative sleep stages, and matching medications to specific sleep problems [17:00]; Benzodiazepines for insomnia: mechanisms, effects on sleep architecture, and the risks of long-term use [18:45]; Z-drugs for insomnia: how Ambien, Sonata, and Lunesta work, and the ongoing risks of sleep medications targeting GABA systems [23:00]; Dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) and the future of sleep medicine: orexin signaling, sleep architecture, and the emerging connection between sleep and Alzheimer's disease [27:15]; Melatonin for circadian timing: how timing signals differ from sedatives in the treatment of sleep disorders [36:30]; Trazodone for insomnia: preserving deep sleep while minimizing the risks of traditional sedative-hypnotics [42:00]; First-generation antihistamines for sleep: short-term sedation, anticholinergic risks, and concerns about long-term cognitive health [44:00]; Sleep supplements and the evidence behind them: glycine, magnesium, ashwagandha, phosphatidylserine, and more [45:45]; Takeaways: supplement quality, individualized sleep treatment, and the importance of matching interventions to the biology of insomnia [52:00]; and More. Connect With Peter on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube

"There are a lot of specifics that nurses need to keep in mind as they are administering this herpes simplex modified virus to patients because accidental exposure is of concern both to the patient, to their family members, as well as to healthcare workers. I always recommend nurses wear personal protective equipment, such as a gown, safety glasses, gloves, and/or a face shield," Heidi Finnes, PharmD, RPh, BCOP, director of clinical ambulatory practice at Mayo Clinic and assistant professor of pharmacy at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine in Rochester, MN, told Jaime Weimer, MSN, RN, AGCNS-BS, AOCNS®, manager of oncology nursing practice at ONS, during a conversation about oncolytic viral therapy.  Music Credit: "Fireflies and Stardust" by Kevin MacLeod Licensed under Creative Commons by Attribution 3.0  Earn 0.5 contact hours of nursing continuing professional development (NCPD) by listening to the full recording and completing an evaluation at courses.ons.org by May 29, 2027. The planners and faculty for this episode have no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies to disclose. ONS is accredited as a provider of nursing continuing professional development by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation. Learning outcome: Learners will report an increase in knowledge about the use of oncolytic viruses to treat cancer. Episode Notes  Complete this evaluation for free NCPD.  ONS Podcast™ episodes: Pharmacology 101 series Episode 338: High-Volume Subcutaneous Injections: The Oncology Nurse's Role Episode 330: Stay Up to Date on Safe Handling of Hazardous Drugs Episode 273: Updates in Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy ONS Voice articles: Cutaneous Malignancies Have High Response to Oncolytic Virus Plus Immunotherapy Oncolytic Virus Kills Tumor Cells While Supporting T Cells What Nurses Need to Know About Talimogene Laherparepvec for Advanced Melanoma Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing articles: Intralesional Therapy: Consensus Statements for Best Practices in Administration From the Melanoma Nursing Initiative Safe and Effective Standards of Care: Supporting the Administration of T-VEC for Patients With Advanced Melanoma in the Outpatient Oncology Setting Oncology Nursing Forum article: Administration and Handling of Talimogene Laherparepvec: An Intralesional Oncolytic Immunotherapy for Melanoma ONS book: Guide to Cancer Immunotherapy (second edition) ONS clinical practice resource: Safe Handling of Oncolytic Viruses ONS Huddle Card: Immunotherapy Association of Community Cancer Centers (ACCC) Drugs@FDA Hematology/Oncology Pharmacy Association (HOPA) Network for Collaborative Oncology Development and Advancement (NCODA) Patient Education Sheets To discuss the information in this episode with other oncology nurses, visit the ONS Communities.  To find resources for creating an ONS Podcast club in your chapter or nursing community, visit the ONS Podcast Library. To provide feedback or otherwise reach ONS about the podcast, email pubONSVoice@ons.org. Highlights From This Episode "[Oncolytic viruses] can have direct lysis to the tumor cells themselves, or they can cause immunogenic activation. They release tumor-associated antigens and then proinflammatory signals, so think of T cells, natural killer cells, those sorts of things, that can convert to immunologically cold tumors. Those are tumors that are immune silenced into hot tumors which are now immune activated. By doing that, they recruit those T cells and other cells to the area to attack both the primary tumors. But that's also thought to be how they work on distant or noninjected sites as well. This immunomodulatory capacity has led to the reclassification of oncolytic viruses as a form of cancer immunotherapy. So, think of it kind of similarly to how we think of immune checkpoint inhibitors in recruiting immune cells and leaving our immune system in the on position. This is also kind of a form of immunotherapy." TS 4:35 "One of the toxicities I know that is of significant concern to patients, family members, and healthcare workers is the incidence of herpes infections. Systemic herpetic infections are extremely rare and usually more common in patients who may be immunocompromised. In patients who also have other immune-related diseases—such as vitiligo, vasculitis, pneumonitis, sometimes worsening psoriasis—because you're mounting an immune response with these types of things, sometimes you can see a worsening of those types of immune symptoms. But for the most part, these types of side effects are very well tolerated in most patients." TS 9:07 "Talimogene is generally transmitted via bodily fluids or touch. It's not airborne. Herpes simplex virus isn't an airborne type of virus. Another thing to consider is where are you going to inject this? Are you going to do this in your infusion therapy unit? Are you going to do it in a dedicated room? Who's going to escort the patient to the room? How is the virus going to arrive at the room? How will you clean the room and all of the laboratory equipment or any of the exam tables that may be in there? I think having all of that discussed and assigned mitigates the consternation that can sometimes occur—the fear that occurs with administering a virus that is thought to be fairly communicable." TS 15:44 "Helping patients understand how this works [is important] because hearing that you're receiving a virus, particularly a herpes simplex virus, can be scary to a patient. I think understanding that it's modified or essentially we're taking the parts out of it so that we can directly inject a portion that recruits immune cells to that area, because the goal is for the oncolytic virus to attack cancer cells and then destroy them by triggering an immune response in the body." TS 20:51 "Sometimes patients are very concerned about urine in the toilet, bodily fluids, kissing loved ones, holding hands, hugging, you know, am I going to infect my loved one because I'm getting this type of an oncolytic virus therapy? I like to reassure patients that they can continue to hold hands and hug their loved ones as normal. Viral DNA is usually only present on the injection site. And as I mentioned previously, we want to cover that injection site with an occlusive dressing, at least with talimogene, for up to seven days. And particularly, if those injection sites are at all oozing or weeping, active virus is usually only on that injection site itself." TS 24:14

In this episode, we discuss… ● How the brain controls reproductive hormones and communicates with the endocrine system.  ● How endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with brain-hormone communication. ● What EDCs are and how they disrupt normal hormonal signaling. The endocrine system explained through a simple "lock-and-key" hormone model. ● How EDCs can mimic or block natural hormones in the body. ● How EDCs disrupt hormone production, regulation, and overall balance in the body. ● The rise of synthetic chemicals after World War II and links to increasing endocrine and neurological disorders. ● The accidental discovery that BPA leaching from plastic caused reproductive harm in laboratory mice. ● Why endocrine disruption challenged the traditional idea that "the dose makes the poison." ● How chemicals like BPA can affect multiple hormone receptors at very low doses.....and so much more! Dr. Andrea Gore is Professor and Vacek Chair in Pharmacology at the University of Texas at Austin. Her research team is investigating fundamental mechanisms of how environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) perturb the developing brain; sex differences in EDC actions; and transgenerational epigenetic effects. Dr. Gore's research has been funded continuously by the NIH, NSF, and foundations since 1992. She has published 4 books and over 200 scientific papers. She was Editor-in-Chief of Endocrinology from 2013-2017 and was lead author of the Endocrine Society's two Scientific Statements on EDCs, and the Endocrine Society-IPEN Guides to EDCs, most recently in 2024. Dr. Gore is very active in advocacy for, mentorship of, and education of trainees. Over 150 undergraduates, graduate students, and fellows have conducted independent research in her laboratory at the University of Texas at Austin. Dr. Gore feels fortunate to have multiple passions beyond her research in environmental health: playing violin in an orchestra and string quartet; running a turtle and tortoise sanctuary; and her rescue dogs. Andrea C. Gore, PhD Professor and Vacek Distinguished University Chair in Pharmacology The University of Texas at Austin andrea.gore@austin.utexas.edu http://sites.utexas.edu/gore/

Is more always better? Is there a dose response effect of exercise for musculoskeletal pain? Should exercise be just like a medication, where the dose has to be sufficient in order for it to elicit a therapeutic effect? These are the questions we contend with on this episode of The Shoulder Physio Podcast. Key resources Lawford BJ, Hinman RS, Spiers L, Kimp AJ, Dell'Isola A, Harmer AR, Van der Esch M, Hall M, Bennell KL. Does Higher Compliance With American College of Sports Medicine Exercise Prescription Guidelines Influence Exercise Outcomes in Knee Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Arthritis Care & Research. 2024. Liang X, et al. The Best Exercise Modality and Dose for Reducing Pain in Adults With Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review With Model-Based Bayesian Network Meta-analysis. JOSPT. 2024. Malliaras P, Johnston R, Street G, Littlewood C, Bennell K, Haines T, Buchbinder R. The efficacy of higher versus lower dose exercise in rotator cuff tendinopathy: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2020. Powell JK, Lewis J, Schram B, Hing W. Is exercise therapy the right treatment for rotator cuff-related shoulder pain? Uncertainties, theory, and practice. Musculoskeletal Care. 2024. Powell JK, Lewis JS. It is not all about strength: rethinking mechanistic assumptions in exercise-based rehabilitation. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2025. Register for the complete shoulder online course Register for my Brisbane workshop Connect with Jared and guests: Jared on Instagram: @‌shoulder_physio Jared on X: @‌jaredpowell12 See our Disclaimer here: The Shoulder Physio - Disclaimer

Contributor: Travis Barlock, MD Educational Pearls:   Caffeine Geography and Types: Caffeine is found throughout the world and has evolved independently in various plants that are not evolutionarily related through direct lineage, but rather demonstrate convergent evolution (i.e. different species evolve the same traits).  These plants use caffeine as an insecticide.  Examples of caffeine sources include coffee, tea, yerba-mate, guaraná, cacao, and yaupon holly. Roughly 85% of Americans are estimated to consume caffeine daily.   Caffeine Pharmacology in Humans:  In humans, caffeine is a nonselective competitive antagonist (blocker) of adenosine receptors (A1 and A2A).  During waking hours, neuronal metabolic activity consumes ATP, and a byproduct of ATP hydrolysis is created: adenosine.  Adenosine proceeds to build a "sleep pressure".  Acting on A1 and A2A adenosine receptors to induce sleep (on A1, it suppresses neuronal "wakefulness" and on A2A it is believed to be an inducer of sleep).  Caffeine, by blocking those receptors, blunts sleep induction and feelings of being tired.  Caffeine has a half-life of around 6 hours, and a quarter life of approximately 12 hours, which is when the caffeine will off-load and adenosine can once again occupy those receptors, potentially causing a "crash".  Thus, for shift-workers, it is important to time caffeine intake roughly 10 hours before target bed time.  Caffeine exerts other effects on the body.  It is methylxanthine similar to theophylline, which works as a bronchodilator (via phosphodiesterase and adenosine pathways). Caffeine has clinical use to promote bronchodilation in pre-term infants.  Caffeine exerts diuretic effects as well (blocking proximal renal tubule reabsorption).  Recent ingestion of caffeine may blunt therapeutic use of adenosine in patients with SVT.  Key Takeaway? Caffeine exerts a wide variety of effects beyond making us feel more awake. It has cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal implications in its pharmacodynamics.   References    Benarroch EE. Adenosine and its receptors: multiple modulatory functions and potential therapeutic targets for neurologic disease. Neurology. 2008;70(3):231-236. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000297939.18236.ec Mitchell DC, Knight CA, Hockenberry J, Teplansky R, Hartman TJ. Beverage caffeine intakes in the U.S. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014;63:136-142. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.042 Bruschettini M, Brattström P, Russo C, Onland W, Davis PG, Soll R. Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity - Bruschettini, M - 2023 | Cochrane Library. Accessed May 23, 2026. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD013873.pub2/full?cookiesEnabled Huang R, O'Donnell AJ, Barboline JJ, Barkman TJ. Convergent evolution of caffeine in plants by co-option of exapted ancestral enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(38):10613-10618. doi:10.1073/pnas.1602575113 Cabalag MS, Taylor DM, Knott JC, Buntine P, Smit D, Meyer A. Recent caffeine ingestion reduces adenosine efficacy in the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Acad Emerg Med. 2010;17(1):44-49. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00616.x  Summarized by Dan Orbidan, OMS2 | Edited by Dan Orbidan & Ahmed Abdel-Hafiz, NREMT-P   Donate: https://emergencymedicalminute.org/donate/   Join our mailing list: http://eepurl.com/c9ouHf  

In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Alpha-Blockers ⁠⁠from the Pharmacology section.Follow⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Medbullets⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ on social media:Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbulletsInstagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficialTwitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets

Explore the 2026 meta-analysis and supporting studies on curcumin for prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, depression, and anxiety, weighing compelling arguments in favor of its use against important limitations and counterpoints. We break down benefits like improved glycemic control and mood support alongside bioavailability issues, study flaws, safety concerns, and why it's no miracle cure. This balanced episode includes a layman's summary, real-world example, and practical guidance for anyone considering turmeric or supplements

A small 2026 randomized controlled trial found that adding low-dose dextromethorphan (DXM, 15 mg twice daily) to ongoing SSRI treatment significantly reduced Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores in adults with SSRI-resistant OCD, dropping from about 26.6 to 16.3 over 12 weeks versus little change on placebo. Strengths include its double-blind, placebo-controlled design, strong statistical effect size, excellent tolerability with no reported side effects, and alignment with the glutamatergic hypothesis of OCD. Limitations center on the tiny sample size (n=40), single-center location in Iran, lack of secondary outcomes or long-term follow-up, and potential pharmacokinetic variability from SSRI interactions; broader evidence from meta-analyses of other glutamatergic agents supports the approach but calls for larger confirmatory trials.

Contributor: Travis Barlock, MD Educational Pearls:   Endocannabinoid System: THC binds CB1 and CB2 receptors in neurons and immune cells Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive compound in cannabis CB1 and CB2 receptors typically bind endogenously-produced 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA) to regulate pain, stress, and inflammation THC similarly binds CB1 and CB2, leading to the cannabinoid high: euphoria, paranoia, anxiety, analgesia, anti-inflammation, and appetite, among a variety of others Ingestion via edibles, vice inhalation via smoking, leads to chemical modification of Δ9-THC to 11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC, which more easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds CB1 with higher affinity, leading to increased psychoactivity   Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS): Chronic THC use leading to the classic presentation of persistent nausea and intense, frequent vomiting Chronic activation of CB1 receptors in brain builds a tolerance and dependence on THC, in addition to chronic activation of the capsaicin and vanilloid receptor TRPV1, which binds capsaicin or is activated by heat Treatment by warm showers works due to TRPV1 activation by heat Treated with benzodiazepines, fluids, and gastro-intestinal or central nervous system agents according to patient presentation   Over 200 synthetic cannabinoids have been created (K2, spice, black mamba, mojo, etc), which are more dangerous and can lead to a variety of etiologies   Acetaminophen binds CB1 receptors to reduce inflammatory pain   References Loganathan P, Gajendran M, Goyal H. A Comprehensive Review and Update on Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024;17(11):1549. Published 2024 Nov 18. doi:10.3390/ph17111549  Wall ME, Sadler BM, Brine D, Taylor H, Perez-Reyes M. Metabolism, disposition, and kinetics of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in men and women. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1983 Sep;34(3):352-63. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1983.179. PMID: 6309462.  Mills B, Yepes A, Nugent K. Synthetic Cannabinoids. Am J Med Sci. 2015 Jul;350(1):59-62. doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0000000000000466. PMID: 26132518. Klinger-Gratz PP, Ralvenius WT, Neumann E, et al. Acetaminophen Relieves Inflammatory Pain through CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors in the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla. J Neurosci. 2018;38(2):322-334. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1945-17.2017   Summarized by Sam Pahl | Edited by Sam Pahl & Ahmed Abdel-Hafiz, NREMT-P   Donate: https://emergencymedicalminute.org/donate/ Join our mailing list: http://eepurl.com/c9ouHf

A recent study examines how South Korea's 2002 limits on SSRI prescribing by primary care physicians coincided with a striking rise in national suicide rates. This episode reviews the Korean evidence alongside international research on antidepressant access and suicide trends, highlighting methodological strengths and limitations. It concludes with balanced policy implications for mental-health care that weigh risks of both overprescribing and restricted access.

This NCLEX practice test episode is designed to help nursing graduates, repeat test takers, and international nurses prepare for NCLEX RN and NCLEX PN with real exam-style questions, detailed rationales, and proven test-taking strategies.

In this high-value episode of the PFC Podcast, Dennis reconnects with Brad for a no-fluff, combat-medic-focused breakdown of fentanyl—the fast, predictable, cardiovascularly stable synthetic opioid that belongs at the front of every aid bag. From its 1950s Belgian lab origins to real-world battlefield use, Brad shares hard-earned lessons on why fentanyl beats morphine and Dilaudid in trauma, how to titrate it safely in the dirt, and why it's the perfect partner for procedural sedation. Whether you're pushing IV doses, deploying lollipops, or wondering why patches are a bad idea, this is the practical, experience-packed guide every prolonged field care provider needs.Key TakeawaysFentanyl is your new “run-home-to-mama” opioid—faster, more predictable, and more stable than morphine in trauma.Titrate aggressively but smartly: 50 mcg IV bumps every few minutes guided by respiratory rate; cut to 25 mcg if hypotensive.Perfect for both analgesia AND procedures—pair with Versed for synergy and ketamine for deeper sedation without burning through your supply.Lollipops work great when used correctly (800 mcg is the money dose); add Zofran for the second one and wet the mouth if dry.Ditch the patches for acute care—they're slow, unpredictable, and risky in the field.Protect your supply: Prefer vials over ampules and store smart—fentanyl is too valuable to lose to breakage.Bottom line: Understand the drug, respect the respiratory depression, and you'll have one of the most powerful, titratable tools in modern combat medicine.Chapters00:00 – Welcome back to the PFC Podcast01:20 – History of fentanyl: Developed in Belgium to beat morphine & Demerol03:35 – Why fentanyl was engineered as the ideal titratable opioid (onset, peak, duration)05:52 – Pharmacology advantages: 100× potency of morphine, 50 mcg = 1 cc, CV stability, no histamine release08:12 – Side effects, respiratory depression, and debunking “wooden chest syndrome” in field doses11:39 – Real-world IV titration: Start at 50 mcg, titrate to respiratory rate in the dirt16:13 – Fentanyl for pain control vs. procedural sedation (Versed + fentanyl + ketamine combos)19:01 – Strategy debate: Versed first or fentanyl first?23:27 – Best patients for fentanyl (and who to skip it on)26:47 – Why fentanyl is the trauma opioid of choice27:29 – Routes: IV is king, IM works but…27:48 – Fentanyl lollipops (Actiq): 800 mcg sweet spot, proper technique, “poor man's PCA,” Zofran hack36:42 – Fentanyl patches: Why they're a terrible idea in acute/trauma settings44:08 – Final pearls: Vials vs. ampules, protecting your supply, and why you need this drug47:53 – Wrap-up and outroFor more content go to ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.prolongedfieldcare.org⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Consider supporting us: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠patreon.com/ProlongedFieldCareCollective⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ or ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.lobocoffeeco.com/product-page/prolonged-field-care⁠

Mother Nature Meets Science for Human Life Guest: Vincenzo Mollace, MD Professor of Pharmacology and Leading Researcher in Bergamot Polyphenols Rarely does something so powerful take so much time to be revealed. Who, besides the Cilione family that guarded their dream in their hearts for centuries, could have imagined that a day would come when Mother Nature would cultivate a gift like Bergamot –a vision steeped in the sunlight of the Italian groves where artisans and farmers believed that one day this diamond would be readied for the perfect storm to serve human life. That day has come.  Want to find Bergamot BPF? Search: • Citrus bergamot • Bergamot BPF • HP Ingredients

In today's episode, Haylie Pomroy sits down with Dr. Theoharis Theoharides, one of the world's foremost experts on mast cell activation syndrome and neuroinflammation, to break down what brain fog actually is, what is driving it at the cellular level, and what can be done about it. Dr. Theoharides explains how the brain's own immune cells, known as microglia, can become destructive when triggered by viral particles, spike protein, mold, or other inflammatory agents. He details how COVID spike protein can enter the brain through the blood-brain barrier and the olfactory nerve, persist for up to two years, and activate a cascade of neuroinflammation that disrupts memory, cognition, and mood. He also shares the latest developments in diagnostic tools, including SPECT imaging and an emerging biosignature panel designed to finally give patients measurable, objective evidence of what is happening in their brains. He walks through the most evidence-backed interventions his team is using to protect and restore brain cell function, including folinic acid, luteolin-based flavonoids, and hydroxytyrosol from olive leaves, and why supplement quality matters more than most people realize. If you have been told your brain fog is all in your head, this episode is for you. Tune in to Fast Metabolism Matters. If your body feels like it's running on empty, overburdened, or just not responding the way it used to, Haylie's latest book, Toxic Overload, tells you exactly what to do. Download your free digital copy today and start understanding what your body is trying to tell you.   Free Download: Get Your Copy of Toxic Overload

This episode explores the alarming link between common medications and falls among older adults, revealing how psychotropics and polypharmacy contribute to up to three-quarters of incidents in nursing homes. Drawing on key studies, it details high-risk drug classes and their mechanisms while offering practical prevention strategies like medication reviews and lifestyle interventions. Essential listening for families, caregivers, and healthcare professionals seeking to safeguard elderly independence and reduce preventable injuries.

This podcast episode gives nurses a practical, easy-to-apply overview of common thyroid disorders, focusing on how to recognize and manage both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in clinical practice. It reviews key differences in presentation—such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance in hypothyroidism versus weight loss, tachycardia, and heat intolerance in hyperthyroidism—while connecting these symptoms to underlying physiology. Nurses will learn important medication considerations, including proper administration of levothyroxine and monitoring for adverse effects with methimazole. The episode also highlights critical safety topics like recognizing thyroid storm, interpreting lab values (TSH, T3, T4), and providing effective patient education. With real-world clinical pearls, this episode helps nurses build confidence in managing thyroid conditions across care settings. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

Mehlman Qbanks: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://qbanks.mehlmanmedical.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠IG: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/mehlman_medical/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Telegram: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://mehlmanmedical.com/subscribe/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

In the ER, seconds matter when identifying the "Dangerous Tetrad": rigidity, fever, autonomic instability, and altered mentation. This episode breaks down the clinical markers and pathophysiology of these life-threatening syndromes to help clinicians differentiate between NMS and Serotonin Syndrome. A must-listen for healthcare professionals looking to sharpen their diagnostic skills and improve patient outcomes in high-acuity settings.

Two supplements. One morning stack. Nurse Doza breaks down why Liver Boost and Berberine Plus work better together — and how the Good Poops Protocol combines them with a gut-repair formula to support liver, gallbladder, blood sugar, and weight.  Today is the last day to save an extra 10% automatically on the full protocol. The Good Poops Protocol is a three-supplement system designed by Nurse Doza, DC, RN, FNP-C — combining Liver Boost (16-ingredient Phase I + II liver detox support), Berberine Plus (5x more bioavailable dihydroberberine for blood sugar and digestion), and Gut (L-Glutamine formula for intestinal lining and gut flora) — into one 60-day protocol. As discussed in this episode, when you support liver function and blood sugar management simultaneously, the downstream effects on digestion, weight, and overall health can be profound — and noticeable within days.

What do you do when you cannot use a first-line antibiotic? Knowing alternative antibiotics for NP boards is essential for answering exam questions and making safe clinical decisions.     In this episode, Alex and I cover alternative antibiotics for NP boards through a rapid-fire pharmacology review. We walk through common scenarios and help you understand how to choose the best alternative when first-line options are not appropriate.                        Get full show notes, transcript, and more information here: https://blog.npreviews.com/alternative-antibiotics-for-np-boards            Follow us on Instagram: instagram.com/smnpreviewsofficial

High attrition rates in Health and Illness and Pharmacology courses led the authors to develop a mid-curricular summer bridge program for students to develop their self-regulated learning (SRL) and to reduce attrition in these courses. Dr. Avallone and Samantha Tucker in this podcast and article describe their Bridge Program and its effectiveness: students developed their SRL skills, and the Bridge Program significantly reduced attrition rates.

This podcast episode gives nurses a practical, bedside-focused guide to insulin therapy, helping simplify one of the most important—and often confusing—areas of diabetes management. It reviews key insulin types, including rapid-acting insulin lispro, long-acting insulin glargine, and intermediate options like NPH insulin, highlighting onset, peak, and duration differences that drive dosing decisions. Nurses will learn how to safely administer insulin, adjust for meals and blood glucose trends, and recognize and treat hypoglycemia quickly. Real-world clinical tips are included to help nurses feel confident managing insulin in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

While GLP-1 receptor agonists are not inherently "muscle-toxic," the rapid metabolic shift they induce can lead to a catabolic state that consumes lean tissue. In this episode, we dive into the pharmacology of semaglutide and tirzepatide, examining how slowed gastric emptying and blunted appetite signals impact the leucine threshold required for muscle protein synthesis. We explore the "glucose-alanine cycle," the role of myostatin inhibitors in future drug pipelines, and how adjusted protein dosing ($1.2$ to $1.6text{ g/kg}$) can act as a pharmacological safeguard against sarcopenia.

Frog venom burns your skin, makes you purge, and might be the most powerful healing tool you have never tried. In this episode, Host Dave Asprey sits down with Kambo researcher and practitioner Caitlin Thompson to break down how intentional suffering through this ancient Amazonian medicine is producing dramatic results for people with autoimmune conditions, chronic illness, Lyme disease, addiction, and metabolic dysfunction. From the peptide science behind the purge to the biohacking case for voluntary pain, this conversation will change how you think about healing, resilience, and human performance. Watch this episode on YouTube for the full video experience: https://www.youtube.com/@DaveAspreyBPR Caitlin Thompson is an internationally recognized Kambo practitioner and educator who has guided over 2,700 clients through this medicine, with a focus on Lyme disease, autoimmune conditions, and chronic illness. Her path into this work was shaped by her own recovery from Lyme disease and Lupus. Trained in neurobiology and rooted in psychedelic science, immune health, and the human microbiome, Caitlin is currently pioneering some of the first prospective human studies on Kambo. She collaborates directly with indigenous Amazonian communities including the Matsés, Shuar, Quechua, and Matis, and has appeared on over 100 podcasts and conferences as a leading voice at the intersection of traditional medicine and modern science. Dave and Caitlin break down the full Kambo experience, from the transdermal burns and peptide families flooding your lymphatic system, to the purge, the frog face, and the window of clarity that follows. They explore why the suffering is not a side effect but the actual mechanism, how ordeal medicine builds the same neuroplasticity and dopamine receptor sensitivity that meditation, breathwork, and ice baths produce, and why this ancient practice is becoming one of the most talked about tools in functional medicine and longevity circles. They also dig into the sustainability crisis threatening frog populations in the Amazon, the almost nonexistent research landscape for Kambo, why journals refuse to publish positive findings, and how AI may unlock the ability to synthesize Kambo peptides and remove the dependency on frogs entirely. You'll Learn: Why intentional suffering through Kambo may be one of the most effective biohacking tools for immune reset and brain optimization How Kambo peptides interact with your mitochondria, vagal nerve, and immune system to drive deep healing Why the purge is not a side effect but a keystone mechanism of the medicine How ordeal medicine builds dopamine receptor sensitivity and neuroplasticity similar to fasting, cold exposure, and breathwork What the actual risks of Kambo are and how hyponatremia kills people who do it wrong Why Caitlin recovered from Lupus and Lyme disease using Kambo and what that means for autoimmune conditions How Kambo compares to ketamine, ayahuasca, and other altered states for trauma and performance Why journals refuse to publish Kambo research and what that reveals about the drug development pipeline How AI and synthetic biology may soon make frog harvesting unnecessary What the worst Kambo practitioners do wrong and how to find someone you can actually trust Thank you to our sponsors! -iRestore | Reverse hair loss at www.irestore.com/DAVE and get exclusive savings on the iRestore Elite, use code DAVE-The One Device | Use code DAVE for $10 off at theonedevice.com/dave-MASA Chips | Go to https://www.masachips.com/DAVEASPREY and use code DAVEASPREY for 25% off your first order. Dave Asprey is a four-time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade brings you the knowledge to take control of your biology, extend your longevity, and optimize every system in your body and mind. Each episode delivers cutting-edge insights inhealth, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, biohacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. New episodes are released every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday (BONUS). Dave asks the questions no one else will and gives you real tools to become stronger, smarter, and more resilient. Keywords: Caitlin Thompson, Kambo practitioner, frog venom healing, Kambo ceremony, Kambo peptides, phyllo medusa bicolor, transdermal burns, hyponatremia Kambo, Kambo autoimmune, Lyme disease Kambo, Lupus recovery, ordeal medicine, intentional suffering dopamine, Kambo research, Kambo safety, Kambo training, Amazon frog medicine, Kambo vs ayahuasca, biohacking, Dave Asprey, human performance, neuroplasticity Resources: • Visit Caitlins Website to Learn More: https://kamboinstitute.org/ • Get My 2026 Clean Nicotine Roadmap | Enroll for free at https://daveasprey.com/2026-clean-nicotine-roadmap/ • Dave Asprey's Latest News | Go to https://daveasprey.com/ to join Inside Track today. • Danger Coffee: https://dangercoffee.com/discount/dave15 • My Daily Supplements: SuppGrade Labs (15% Off) • Favorite Blue Light Blocking Glasses: TrueDark (15% Off) • Dave Asprey's BEYOND Conference: https://beyondconference.com • Dave Asprey's New Book – Heavily Meditated: https://daveasprey.com/heavily-meditated • Join My Substack (Live Access To Podcast Recordings): https://substack.daveasprey.com/ • Upgrade Labs: https://upgradelabs.com Timestamps: 00:00 – Trailer 01:15 – Introduction05:33 – Guest Introduction 09:46 – Caitlin's Origin Story 12:46 – Kambo & Healing 16:29 – Trauma, PTSD & Psychosomatics 19:36 – What Is Kambo? 22:41 – Journey Duration 24:26 – Pharmacology & Peptides 28:55 – Publishing Challenges & Bias 30:45 – How to Do It Wrong 32:22 – Legal Status 35:14 – Synthesizing Kambo 39:34 – Indigenous Origins & Folklore 42:46 – Safety & Risks 48:56 – Where to Find Caitlin 51:25 – Pain, Resilience & BICEP See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

"They are small, powerful little nuggets. They are actually small signaling proteins that our immune cells use to communicate. They really help regulate immune activation or inflammation and even the growth and survival of immune cells. When cytokines are used therapeutically in oncology, they help to stimulate immune cells such as T cells or natural killer cells to better recognize and attack cancer cells," Maribel Pereiras, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP, clinical pharmacy specialist at the John Theurer Cancer Center of Hackensack University Medical Center in New Jersey, told Jaime Weimer, MSN, RN, AGCNS-BS, AOCNS®, manager of oncology nursing practice at ONS, during a conversation about the cytokine drug class. Music Credit: "Fireflies and Stardust" by Kevin MacLeod Licensed under Creative Commons by Attribution 3.0  Earn 0.5 contact hours (including 30 minutes of pharmacotherapeutic content) of nursing continuing professional development (NCPD) by listening to the full recording and completing an evaluation at courses.ons.org by April 24, 2027. The planners and faculty for this episode have no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies to disclose. ONS is accredited as a provider of nursing continuing professional development by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation. Learning outcome: Nurses caring for people with cancer require knowledge of cytokines to provide appropriate education and to safely administer related therapies. Episode Notes  Complete this evaluation for free NCPD.  ONS Podcast™ episodes: Pharmacology 101 series Episode 256: Cancer Symptom Management Basics: Hematologic Complications Episode 196: Oncologic Emergencies 101: Bleeding and Thrombosis ONS Voice articles: FDA Approves Nogapendekin Alfa Inbakicept-Pmln for BCG-Unresponsive Non–Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Manage Cancer-Associated Anemia With Erythropoietin-Stimulating Agents Oncology Drug Reference Sheet: Motixafortide ONS books: Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy Guidelines and Recommendations for Practice (second edition) and 2024 Drug Supplement Clinical Guide to Antineoplastic Therapy: A Chemotherapy Handbook (fourth edition) Guide to Cancer Immunotherapy (second edition) Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing article: Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy for Melanoma: Nursing Considerations What's Old Is New Again, Unfortunately ONS Symptom Interventions Colony-Stimulating Factors Including Biosimilars for At-Risk Patients for Prevention of Infection: General Platelet Growth Factors for Prevention of Bleeding National Comprehensive Cancer Network To discuss the information in this episode with other oncology nurses, visit the ONS Communities. To find resources for creating an ONS Podcast club in your chapter or nursing community, visit the ONS Podcast Library. To provide feedback or otherwise reach ONS about the podcast, email pubONSVoice@ons.org. Highlights From This Episode "Cytokines are actually among some of the earliest forms of immunotherapy used in the treatment of cancer, and it really goes back to the 1980s and the 1990s. We're talking therapies like interferon [alpha] or interleukin-2 that were used to stimulate the immune system, with the idea that they would recognize and attack cancer cells, particularly in diseases like metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. What made these therapies unique was that although the overall response rates were relatively modest, when patients did respond, those responses could be very durable and sometimes long lasting. And that observation was really important for the field of oncology, because it was part of the process that demonstrated that the immune system could potentially control cancer in really meaningful ways." TS 1:49 "One nice new example of an engineered cytokine is nogapendekin alfa inbakicept, which is quite the tongue twister to say. … This agent is really interesting because it's an engineered interleukin-15 receptor agonist that works on stimulating natural killer cells and CD8-positive T cells. And what makes this so interesting is that it's used in combination with a medication that probably some of us are familiar with—good old BCG—for patients specifically with invasive bladder cancer. The other really interesting thing about this new therapy is the fact that it is one of our first ones to be engineered in a combination fashion. So the nogapendekin alfa is combined with a receptor component that is called inbakicept. And what happens is it forms a complex to enhance signaling and prolong the activity of the cytokine." TS 7:50 "When you're looking at our therapeutic cytokines, those tend to produce larger-scale systemic inflammatory effects leading to much more global side effect reactions, while your supportive care cytokines are more commonly associated with either bone marrow stimulation effects or hematologic changes." TS 14:01 "Regardless of what type of cytokine therapy may you be using, across the board, early recognition of the symptoms and proactive supportive care are really important. And this is where many of our oncology nurses play such a critical role in identifying changes that are happening in real time to the patient's condition and helping to coordinate, relay information to the rest of the providing team so that timely interventions can occur for the best care of the patient." TS 18:01 "The other fascinating thing about these cytokines is that they're not being used as monotherapy anymore. They're now being looked at in combination with other therapies or even other immunotherapies like our checkpoint inhibitors. They're being looked at in the sense that they may be able to help expand and further activate immune cells that our current therapies rely on. And so it's really interesting that while cytokines were some of the earliest forms of cancer immunotherapy, they're now being reimagined as part of modern combination strategies designed to really further help enhance the immune responses against cancer." TS 29:08

In this episode, Dr. Hemal Patel explores how cellular energetics and membrane biology play a central role in health, resilience, and disease. He explains that the cell membrane is not just a barrier, but a dynamic and intelligent system that organizes signaling, regulates energy, and may even influence aging.Dr. Patel shares insights into:How mitochondria and membranes work together to control energy productionThe role of circadian rhythms and cellular “oscillations” in maintaining healthWhy aging and chronic disease may begin with membrane breakdownHow communication across the body may be driven through the blood as a signaling systemA major focus of the conversation is MeScreen, a novel test designed to assess mitochondrial function using a simple blood sample. By exposing lab-grown cells to a person's plasma, MeScreen evaluates how their internal biochemical environment influences energy production, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial resilience.The episode highlights a key shift in thinking:Health isn't just about individual organs or genes, but about how systems communicate, adapt, and maintain energy balance over time.Neuroveda Health patients receive $250 off when ordering through the clinic. For those ordering independently, MeScreen is offering $200 off at MeScreen.com using code NEUROVEDA.https://mescreen.com/products/mescreen-mitochondrial-function-test-healthcare-provider-consultBio: Dr. Hemal Patel is a tenured professor and Vice-Chair for Development and Advancement in the Department of Anesthesiology at the University of California, San Diego. He also serves as a VA Research Career Scientist and Pharmacologist at the VA San Diego Healthcare System and is Chief Advisor for Versea Discovery. With a PhD in Pharmacology and Toxicology, his research focuses on how cell membranes and energetics shape human health, aging, and disease, with implications across cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and chronic conditions.

Dr. Panzner explains the difference between a pharmacist and a pharmacologist, and why he treats food, supplements, and medications all as "drugs" — anything that alters physiology. He introduces the iceberg effect: no supplement does just one thing, and the unlisted mechanisms beneath the label are often what's driving anxiety, palpitations, low blood pressure, anemia, or that vague "off" feeling people can't trace back to their stack. The conversation digs into real client cases — a vitamin C product spiking adrenaline because of concentrated quercetin, polyphenol stacks dropping blood pressure low enough to make people pass out in hot showers, and B-vitamin reactions tied to MTHFR variants. Tyler and the Hindmarshes unpack why genetics, lab testing, and precision supplementation matter far more than influencer-driven trends, and why the older demographic is especially primed to be taken advantage of by polished marketing teams and 20-second viral sound bites. They close on what BS-free supplementation actually looks like: fewer products, the right products, and a blueprint built around the individual rather than the algorithm. --- Check out Aurmina — a highly rated natural water purification solution made from ionic minerals sourced from volcanic rock.

What are peptides like BPC-157 and why is RFK Jr. trying to make them more easily available to Americans? Also why are they illegal in Canada? We also reveal the two peptides (one very old and one very recent) that have revolutionized medicine. Hint we've covered both on the show before. Become a supporter of our show today either on Patreon or through PayPal! Thank you! http://www.patreon.com/thebodyofevidence/ https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=9QZET78JZWCZE   Email us your questions at thebodyofevidence@gmail.com.   Editor:    Robyn Flynn Theme music: “Fall of the Ocean Queen“ by Joseph Hackl Rod of Asclepius designed by Kamil J. Przybos Chris' book, Does Coffee Cause Cancer?: https://ecwpress.com/products/does-coffee-cause-cancer   Obviously, Chris is not your doctor (probably). This podcast is not medical advice for you; it is what we call information. References: Phase 1 safety study that was cancelled   https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02637284 Retrospective case series of 12 patients https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34324435/ A pilot study of 2 patients https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40131143/   Background reading:   https://apnews.com/article/peptide-injections-risks-side-effects-6f0d391b270f5008932cba909b8fef07   https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpt.613   https://capitalcurrent.ca/fitness-influencers-promote-risky-unproven-fitness-products-called-peptides-online-and-health-experts-are-ringing-alarm-bells/   https://theconversation.com/no-you-dont-need-the-barbie-drug-to-tan-whatever-tiktok-says-heres-why-melanotan-ii-is-so-risky-247445   https://erictopol.substack.com/p/the-peptide-craze   https://www.theguardian.com/wellness/2026/feb/05/injectable-peptides-trend https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2026/04/13/why-are-people-injecting-themselves-with-peptides#rid=c3626699-c95b-487e-9e08-58814ae13bcd&q=peptides

In today's episode, Haylie Pomroy sits down with Dr. Theoharis Theoharides — Professor of Clinical Immunology and Executive Director of the Center for Excellence in Neuroinflammation Research — to dig into a topic that's finally getting the attention it deserves: multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) and its deep connection to mast cell activation. Dr. Theoharides explains what actually happens in the immune system when the body is exposed to everyday chemicals — from perfume and jet fuel to formaldehyde in clothing and mycotoxins in food. He walks through the biology of mast cells, why stress dramatically lowers your chemical reaction threshold, and why so many patients go undiagnosed or are dismissed as "just sensitive." Haylie brings her own personal experience with chemical sensitivity and autoimmune disease to the conversation, making this one of the most candid and clinically rich discussions we've had on the show. Whether you've been told your symptoms are in your head, or you've quietly suspected that your environment is making you sick, this episode is for you. Tune in to Fast Metabolism Matters — and finally get the science to back up what your body has been telling you all along.   Dr. Theoharis Theoharides is a Professor, Vice Chair of Clinical Immunology, and Director at the Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine-Clearwater, an Adjunct Professor of Immunology at Tufts School of Medicine, where he was a Professor of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, and also the  Director of Molecular Immunopharmacology & Drug Discovery, and Clinical Pharmacologist at the Massachusetts Drug Formulary Commission (1983-2022). He received his BA, MS, MPhil, PhD, and MD degrees and the Winternitz Price in Pathology from Yale University and received a Certificate in Global Leadership from Tufts Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and a Fellowship at Harvard Kennedy  School of Government. He trained in internal medicine at New England Medical Center, which awarded him the Oliver Smith Award, "recognizing excellence, compassion, and service." Dr. Theoharides has 485 publications (46,491 citations; h-index 106), placing him in the world's top 2% of most cited authors, and he was rated the worldwide expert on mast cells by Expertscape. He was inducted into the Alpha Omega Alpha National Medical Honor Society, the Rare Diseases Hall of Fame, and the World Academy of Sciences. Website: https://www.drtheoharides.com LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/theoharis-theoharides-ms-phd-md-faaaai-67123735 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dr.theoharides/   Haylie Pomroy, Founder and CEO of The Haylie Pomroy Group, is a leading health strategist specializing in metabolism, weight loss, and integrative wellness. With over 25 years of experience, she has worked with top medical institutions and high-profile clients, developing targeted programs and supplements rooted in the "Food is Medicine" philosophy. Inspired by her own autoimmune journey, she combines expertise in nutrition, biochemistry, and patient advocacy to help others reclaim their health. She is a New York Times bestselling author of The Fast Metabolism Diet.   Learn more about Haylie Pomroy's approach to wellness through her website: https://hayliepomroy.com   Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hayliepomroy  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/hayliepomroy  YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@hayliepomroy/videos  LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hayliepomroy/  X: https://x.com/hayliepomroy   

This podcast episode provides nurses with a clear, practical overview of non-insulin diabetes medications, focusing on how to safely and effectively manage patients with type 2 diabetes. It reviews key drug classes such as metformin, glipizide, empagliflozin, and semaglutide, emphasizing mechanisms of action, common side effects, and important monitoring parameters. Nurses will learn how to recognize risks like hypoglycemia with sulfonylureas, genitourinary infections with SGLT2 inhibitors, and gastrointestinal effects with GLP-1 agents, along with key patient counseling points. The episode also connects medication selection to real-world considerations such as weight impact, cardiovascular benefit, and kidney function, helping nurses feel more confident in supporting individualized diabetes care. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

How do universities move promising discoveries out of the lab and into the market? In this episode of BioTalk, Tatiana Litvin-Vechnyak, Vice President of Georgetown's Office of Technology Commercialization, Christon Hill, Program Manager for Georgetown Tech Ventures, and Jennifer Butler, Entrepreneur-in-Residence with BioHealth Innovation, discuss how Georgetown is building a stronger pipeline from academic science to startup formation. The conversation examines how Georgetown's commercialization efforts are evolving, how GTV supports faculty founders, and why structured programming, outside expertise, and stronger ecosystem connections matter for turning research into real-world impact. The discussion also explores the "missing middle" between discovery and commercialization, the role of Entrepreneurs-in-Residence in advancing founders and technologies, and how partnerships among Georgetown, GTV, and BioHealth Innovation are helping to create a more durable and commercially focused innovation pipeline. The guests also reflect on Georgetown's place within the BioHealth Capital Region and what success will look like as the university continues building a stronger culture of entrepreneurship and company creation. Editing and post-production work for this episode was provided by The Podcast Consultant (https://thepodcastconsultant.com). Tatiana Litvin-Vechnyak, Ph.D., is Vice President of Georgetown's Office of Technology Commercialization, where she leads the university's efforts to translate research discoveries into real-world impact through licensing, startup creation, and innovation support. Since joining Georgetown in 2023, she has helped expand the university's commercialization infrastructure, including securing the U.S. Economic Development Administration Build to Scale grant that launched Georgetown Tech Ventures. With more than 20 years of experience in intellectual property, licensing, and business development, she previously served in leadership roles at Rutgers University, where she helped advance major innovation and venture development initiatives. She holds a Ph.D. in Pharmacology and is a Registered Patent Agent. Christon Hill is Program Manager for Georgetown Tech Ventures in Georgetown University's Office of Technology Commercialization, where he develops programs, partnerships, and founder support pathways that help move promising research toward venture creation, strategic partnerships, and real-world use. With an interdisciplinary background spanning biotechnology, biology, and the humanities, he brings a practical and market-aware approach to early-stage innovation, with experience in venture development, ecosystem building, and translating complex ideas for investors, partners, and non-technical audiences. He is a graduate of Georgetown's biotechnology master's program, a Marine veteran, and a cross-sector operator focused on helping founders and institutions turn strong ideas into credible, actionable opportunities. Jennifer Butler is a distinguished global commercial executive and strategic leader with nearly 20 years of experience helping biotechnology companies move from early development through commercialization. She serves as an Entrepreneur-in-Residence with BioHealth Innovation and served as Montgomery County's first Executive-in-Residence, a role created through a collaboration between Montgomery County and BioHealth Innovation to provide technical assistance to local biotech startups. Across her career, she has brought a strong commercial perspective to emerging companies, helping founders sharpen strategy, accelerate development, and navigate the path toward growth and commercialization.

Welcome back to the ReInvent Health podcast. Today Im chatting with Joan van Wyngaard With a Masters in Pharmacology, an MBA, and a PhD, Joan talks about her work focusing on the skin microbiome, how to restore it, support it, and ultimately use it as the foundation for healthier, more resilient skin. This conversation cuts through the clutter of 10-step routines and marketing hype. We unpack what your skin actually needs, why less is often more, and how a microbiome-driven approach might be the missing link in your skincare. Please don't forget to rate, share and leave a review wherever you listen to your favourite podcasts. Vitant · Vitant FaceBook · Vitant IG · · Website · Instagram · FaceBook · X · BioSite · LinkedIn · YouTube

Audible Bleeding Editor and vascular surgery fellow Richa Kalsi (@KalsiMD) is joined by 5th year general surgery resident Amol Kamat, JVS editor Dr. Audra Duncan (@ADuncanVasc), and JVS-VS editor Dr. John Curci (@CurciAAA) to discuss two great articles in the JVS family of journals. This episode hosts medical student Neha Shetty (LinkedIn),  Dr. Katherine Reitz (@MollReitz), Dr. Yasir Alsiraj, and Dr. Linda Cassis. Articles: Part 1: Prioritizing high-volume repair hospitals with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms, for rural and nonrural patients (Shetty & Reitz) Part 2: Role of adipocyte angiotensinogen or angiotensin type 1a receptors in the development of diet-induced atherosclerosis or angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms (Alsiraj & Cassis) Show Guests Neha Shetty is currently a medical student within the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine's Class of 2027 Dr. Katherine Reitz is an Associate Professor of Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Dr. Yasir Alsiraj is an Assistant Professor of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Pediatrics, at the Saha Aortic Center at the University of Kentucky. Dr. Cassis is the Vice President of Research at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine. Follow us @audiblebleeding Learn more about us at https://www.audiblebleeding.com/about-1/ and provide us with your feedback with our listener survey. *Gore is a financial sponsor of this podcast, which has been independently developed by the presenters and does not constitute medical advice from Gore. Always consult the Instructions for Use (IFU) prior to using any medical device.

How is BindCraft, the automated pipeline for de novo protein binder design, changing the protein design industry? Martin Pacesa, assistant professor of pharmacology at the University of Zurich, joins The Chain to discuss how BindCraft is helping non-protein designers learn how to design proteins—and how the role of the protein designer will evolve. With host Chris Bahl, their conversation explores how BindCraft may help with drug development, its role in the democratization of tools and resources, and how to work more collaboratively with AI models. Pacesa will also be speaking at May's PEGS Summit in Boston.  Links from this episode:  AI Proteins UZH - Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology  University of Zurich  

This podcast episode breaks down diabetes “compelling indications” in a way that's highly practical for nurses managing complex patients. It explains how comorbid conditions like cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease influence medication selection beyond just lowering A1c. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

Frog venom burns your skin, makes you purge, and might be the most powerful healing tool you have never tried. In this episode, Host Dave Asprey sits down with Kambo researcher and practitioner Caitlin Thompson to break down how intentional suffering through this ancient Amazonian medicine is producing dramatic results for people with autoimmune conditions, chronic illness, Lyme disease, addiction, and metabolic dysfunction. From the peptide science behind the purge to the biohacking case for voluntary pain, this conversation will change how you think about healing, resilience, and human performance. Watch this episode on YouTube for the full video experience: https://www.youtube.com/@DaveAspreyBPR Caitlin Thompson is an internationally recognized Kambo practitioner and educator who has guided over 2,700 clients through this medicine, with a focus on Lyme disease, autoimmune conditions, and chronic illness. Her path into this work was shaped by her own recovery from Lyme disease and Lupus. Trained in neurobiology and rooted in psychedelic science, immune health, and the human microbiome, Caitlin is currently pioneering some of the first prospective human studies on Kambo. She collaborates directly with indigenous Amazonian communities including the Matsés, Shuar, Quechua, and Matis, and has appeared on over 100 podcasts and conferences as a leading voice at the intersection of traditional medicine and modern science. Dave and Caitlin break down the full Kambo experience, from the transdermal burns and peptide families flooding your lymphatic system, to the purge, the frog face, and the window of clarity that follows. They explore why the suffering is not a side effect but the actual mechanism, how ordeal medicine builds the same neuroplasticity and dopamine receptor sensitivity that meditation, breathwork, and ice baths produce, and why this ancient practice is becoming one of the most talked about tools in functional medicine and longevity circles. They also dig into the sustainability crisis threatening frog populations in the Amazon, the almost nonexistent research landscape for Kambo, why journals refuse to publish positive findings, and how AI may unlock the ability to synthesize Kambo peptides and remove the dependency on frogs entirely. You'll Learn: Why intentional suffering through Kambo may be one of the most effective biohacking tools for immune reset and brain optimization How Kambo peptides interact with your mitochondria, vagal nerve, and immune system to drive deep healing Why the purge is not a side effect but a keystone mechanism of the medicine How ordeal medicine builds dopamine receptor sensitivity and neuroplasticity similar to fasting, cold exposure, and breathwork What the actual risks of Kambo are and how hyponatremia kills people who do it wrong Why Caitlin recovered from Lupus and Lyme disease using Kambo and what that means for autoimmune conditions How Kambo compares to ketamine, ayahuasca, and other altered states for trauma and performance Why journals refuse to publish Kambo research and what that reveals about the drug development pipeline How AI and synthetic biology may soon make frog harvesting unnecessary What the worst Kambo practitioners do wrong and how to find someone you can actually trust Thank you to our sponsors! -BEYOND Biohacking Conference 2026 | Register with code DAVE300 for $300 off https://beyondconference.com-KILLSwitch | If you're ready for the best sleep of your life, order now at https://www.switchsupplements.com/ and use code DAVE for 20% off-Caldera + Lab | Go to https://calderalab.com/DAVE and use code DAVE at checkout for 20% off your first order.-Screenfit | Get your at-home eye training program for 40% off using code DAVE at https://www.screenfit.com/dave.Dave Asprey is a four-time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade brings you the knowledge to take control of your biology, extend your longevity, and optimize every system in your body and mind. Each episode delivers cutting-edge insights inhealth, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, biohacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. New episodes are released every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday (BONUS). Dave asks the questions no one else will and gives you real tools to become stronger, smarter, and more resilient. Keywords: Caitlin Thompson, Kambo practitioner, frog venom healing, Kambo ceremony, Kambo peptides, phyllo medusa bicolor, transdermal burns, hyponatremia Kambo, Kambo autoimmune, Lyme disease Kambo, Lupus recovery, ordeal medicine, intentional suffering dopamine, Kambo research, Kambo safety, Kambo training, Amazon frog medicine, Kambo vs ayahuasca, biohacking, Dave Asprey, human performance, neuroplasticity Resources: • Visit Caitlins Website to Learn More: https://kamboinstitute.org/ • Get My 2026 Clean Nicotine Roadmap | Enroll for free at https://daveasprey.com/2026-clean-nicotine-roadmap/ • Dave Asprey's Latest News | Go to https://daveasprey.com/ to join Inside Track today. • Danger Coffee: https://dangercoffee.com/discount/dave15 • My Daily Supplements: SuppGrade Labs (15% Off) • Favorite Blue Light Blocking Glasses: TrueDark (15% Off) • Dave Asprey's BEYOND Conference: https://beyondconference.com • Dave Asprey's New Book – Heavily Meditated: https://daveasprey.com/heavily-meditated • Join My Substack (Live Access To Podcast Recordings): https://substack.daveasprey.com/ • Upgrade Labs: https://upgradelabs.com Timestamps: 00:00 – Trailer 01:15 – Introduction05:33 – Guest Introduction 09:46 – Caitlin's Origin Story 12:46 – Kambo & Healing 16:29 – Trauma, PTSD & Psychosomatics 19:36 – What Is Kambo? 22:41 – Journey Duration 24:26 – Pharmacology & Peptides 28:55 – Publishing Challenges & Bias 30:45 – How to Do It Wrong 32:22 – Legal Status 35:14 – Synthesizing Kambo 39:34 – Indigenous Origins & Folklore 42:46 – Safety & Risks 48:56 – Where to Find Caitlin 51:25 – Pain, Resilience & BICEP See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

This podcast episode provides nurses with a practical, clinically focused overview of Addison's disease and Cushing's disease, highlighting key differences in pathophysiology, presentation, and management. Listeners will learn how adrenal insufficiency in Addison's leads to symptoms like fatigue, hypotension, and hyperpigmentation, while excess cortisol in Cushing's presents with weight gain, hypertension, and glucose intolerance. The episode emphasizes important nursing considerations such as recognizing adrenal crisis, monitoring electrolytes and blood pressure, patient education on steroid adherence, and identifying medication-related causes of Cushing's. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

Hosts: Don Stader, Nate Novotny, Travis Barlock, and Jeffrey Olson In this episode, we reminice about the first 1000 medical minutes presented by EMM and what the next 1000 might hold. Below are all of the episodes referenced in this episode. Please go back and give them all a listen. Segment 1- Recap and Facts 1st medical minute o   April 29, 2016. Almost exactly 10 years ago. o   Diverticulitis and Antibiotics by Dr. Chris Holmes 1000th Medical Minute o   March 30, 2026 o   Treatment of burns by Aaron Lessen o   Edited by Ashley Lyons and published by Jorge Chalit Favorite sub-topics have included: o   Cardiovascular topics- 150 episodes o   Pharmacology- 97 episodes o   Toxicology- 85 episodes o   Neurology- 75 episodes The "Hunting for…" cinematic universe. -Michael Hunt o   399: Hunting for Pancreatitis o   424: Hunting for Measles o   432: Hunting for UTIs o   445: Hunting for the Endotracheal Tube o   455: Hunting for PeeCP o   460: Hunting for PE in Syncope o   487: Hunting for Epiglottitis Obsession with 1966- Chris Holmes o   120: The State of Sepsis in 1966 o   125: Old School CPR - 1966 o   138: Bromide Toxicity - 1966 o   147: GI Bleed - 1966 o   675: CHF like it's 1966 Favorite drug: naloxone/narcan (9) o   7: Heroin Overdose and OTC Narcan o   464: Narcan't? o   516: Narcan and Pulmonary Edema o   931: Naloxone in Cardiac Arrest Favorite disease state: Sepsis (13) o   22: Sepsis Sofa o   219: History of Sepsis o   244: Fever in Sepsis o   263: Early Antibiotics in Sepsis o   272: More on Temperature in Sepsis o   287: Sepsis Bundles o   544: C is for Sepsis Unhinged title combinations o   84: Hypothermia and Lightning Strike: Code Blue o   203: Wine, Milk and… Vaccines!? o   216: Roller Coasters and Kidney Stones o   299: Black Death, Lice, Math, and Pottery o   427: Cookie Dough is Delicious o   670: Operation Tat-Type o   695: Einstein and Cellophane o   777: Grass, weed and ancient Rome o   781: Foxglove, dropsy, and Salvador Dali o   959: The KLM Flight Disaster and Lessons in Healthcare Communication Most frequent contributors -          Aaron Lessen- 192 -          Don Stader- 84 -          Jarod Scott- 83 -          Peter Bakes- 53 -          Samuel Killian- 45 -          Dylan Luyten- 41 -          Erik Verzemnieks- Dozens -          Michael Hunt- 34 -          Travis Barlock- 30 -          Ricky Dhaliwal- 25 Top female voices o   Rachael Duncan, PharmD o   Rachel Beham, PharmD o   Meghan Hurley o   Gretchen Hinson o   Suzanne Chilton o   Katie Sprinkle Most listened to -          8. Podcast 835: Syncope Review -          7. Podcast 766: Truth about Tramadol -          6. Podcast 839: Causes of Pancreatitis -          5. Podcast 760: Why Fentanyl is the Worst -          4. Podcast 844: Dental Infections -          3. Podcast 846: Early Repolarization vs. Anterior STEMI -          2. Podcast 845: Hyperkalemic Cardiac Arrest -          1. Podcast 847: ECMO CPR Mini-game: who has actually seen our most rare diagnoses? o   18: Lemierre's Syndrome – Septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein after oropharyngeal infection leading to septic emboli. o   139: Locked-in Syndrome – Ventral pontine lesion causing quadriplegia and inability to speak with preserved consciousness and eye movements. o   144: Moyamoya Disease – Progressive stenosis of intracranial carotids with development of fragile collateral vessels causing strokes. o   221: Cotard Delusion (Walking Corpse Syndrome) – Psychiatric disorder where patients believe they are dead or do not exist. o   240: Pott's Puffy Tumor – Frontal bone osteomyelitis with subperiosteal abscess from sinusitis causing forehead swelling. o   277: Mucormycosis (Rhizopus) – Angioinvasive fungal infection in immunocompromised patients causing rapid tissue necrosis. o   293: Transient Global Amnesia – Sudden, transient loss of ability to form new memories that resolves within 24 hours. o   329: Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis – Episodic muscle weakness due to intracellular potassium shifts. o   374: Iliac Artery Endofibrosis – Exercise-induced fibrosis of the iliac artery causing claudication in athletes. o   466: Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) – Progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease from persistent measles infection. o   477: Postpolypectomy Electrocoagulation Syndrome – Transmural burn of the colon after polypectomy causing localized peritonitis without perforation. o   578: Brown-Séquard Syndrome – Hemisection of the spinal cord causing ipsilateral motor/proprioception loss and contralateral pain/temperature loss. o   697: Kounis Syndrome – Acute coronary syndrome triggered by allergic reaction causing coronary vasospasm or plaque rupture. o   973: Meningitis Retention Syndrome – Acute urinary retention due to sacral nerve dysfunction during meningitis. Segment 2- Individual Interviews Segment 3- Looking forward Segment 4- Trivia Podcast 38, what is significant about diphtheria and March 18th? o   On March 18th, the Iditarod is run in Alaska to commemorate a sled dog team, led by Balto, that ran from Nome to Anchorage and back to provide children in Nome with the diphtheria anti-toxin serum. Podcast 52: Syphilis the Great Imitator. The study of Syphilis or "Syphilology" evolved into the field of what? o   Dermatology Podcast 121:  The Poor Man's Methadone. What is the poor man's methadone? o   Imodium Podcast 136:  James Lind, conducted the first clinical trial in 1747 and proved that what cure what? Hint: think vitamins. o   Citrus fruits cure scurvy. Podcast #213: --- and Potatoes. What food has been shown to lower LDL? o   Oats Podcast #216: Roller Coasters and Kidney Stones. A study used a model of a kidney and ureter with different sized stones and put it on ------ roller coaster in Disney World. o   Thunder Mountain Podcast #261. ---- was introduced to treat ACE-inhibitor induced angioendema. but later, better-powered studies showed that it had no benefit compared to standard treatment. o   Icatibant Podcast #304: ---. ---- was a formal medical diagnosis, and one that dates back to 17th century when soldiers had longing for home and melancholy with a constellation of symptoms including lethargy, sadness, disturbed sleep, heart palpitations, GI complaints, and/or skin findings for which the only cure was to return home. o   Nostalgia Podcast # 351: Steakhouse Syndrome. What is steakhouse syndrome? o   Impacted food bolus 2/2 esophageal stricture Podcast # 362: Giant Hogweed. What can Giant Hogweed cause. o   Photosensitivity, severe blisters, and burns Podcast #398:  Who is gonna fail your antibiotic plan? What vital sign abnormality at triage had the highest odds ratio for treatment failure for the treatment of cellulitis with antibiotics. o   Tachypnea Podcast # 458: A Tylenol a Day Keeps the ---- Away? A recent study investigated the effect of scheduled IV acetaminophen on the incidence of ---- in post-CABG patients in the ICU o   Delerium Podcast 554: Sleeping Away Alzheimer's. What is the difference between white noise and pink noise? o   White noise is all the surrounding sound frequencies mixed together that your brain tunes down so you don't get distracted while you're sleeping o   Pink noise, or deep soothing noises, is the accentuated bass sounds like falling rain or waves crashing your brain keys into while sleeping. o   Pink noise during sleep has been shown to increase stage 4, creating more CSF washout of beta amyloid. Podcast 580:  Origin of PPE. Why were rubber gloves invented? o   The invention of surgical gloves are credited to surgeon William Halsted. He developed gloves because one of his assistants (and later wife), Carol Hampton, was having severe irritation due to a caustic pre-op disinfecting process. They developed the rubber glove for Hampton which garnered popularity, and by the early 20th century, half of surgeons were using rubber gloves. Podcast 587:  Puppies Preventing Burnout? Puppies lower stress, what activity in that study increased stress? o   Coloring, because they were denied a chance to play with a puppy Podcast 596: Weather Can be a Headache. What are the three weather events that can increase the frequency of headaches? o   High temp o   Low humidity o   High air pollution Podcast 612: Origin of Vaccines. Guess both diseases. The potential of vaccinations was first observed in the late 1600s when Jenner observed people who had cowpox never contracted ----. Years later, Louis Pasteur inoculated chickens with ---- after his assistant accidently created the first live attenuated vaccine by creating a weakened bacteria when he left the bacteria out while he went on vacation o   Smallpox, cholera Podcast 670: Operation Tat-Type. In 1951, Operation Tat-Type began tattooing adults with their ---- in an effort to prepare for ---- in the time of the Cold War and the Korean War o   Blood type, rapid transfusions Podcast 695: Einstein and Cellophane. Albert Einstein had ----- as a middle-aged man. Dr. Rudolph Nissen, founder of the Nissen fundoplication, performed exploratory surgery for this pain and found a ---- -          The only treatment for an AAA at that time was to----, causing a fibrotic response to prevent rupture -          Einstein died 7 years after this surgery, likely from his leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm o   chronic abdominal pain o   AAA o   wrap the vessel in cellophane Podcast 748: -----. Whale blubber, honey, home fermented foods, homemade wine (especially the wine made in prison), and improperly stored canned food can all contain the toxin o   Botulism Podcast 777: Grass, Weed, and Ancient Rome. Wine and wormwood and white hellborn were used in ancient rome to treat ----. o   Nausea, sea sickness Podcast 821: EKGs in Syncope. Travis suggests a mnemonic for remembering additional EKG findings to look for in syncope o   WOBBLER §  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) §  Obstructed AV node §  Brugada syndrome §  Bifascicular block §  Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) §  Epsilon waves §  Repolarization abnormalities Podcast 890: Outdoor Cold Air for Croup A 2023 study, published in the Journal of Pediatrics, investigated whether a 30-minute exposure to outdoor cold air could improve mild to moderate croup symptoms before the onset of steroid effects. In what country was this study conducted. o   Switzerland Podcast 925: Pediatric Tongue Entrapment. Case study of a peds patient with his/her tongue stuck in a drinking cap. What was the substance that finally set it free? o   Table sugar Podcast 960: Frank's Sign - A Marker for Coronary Artery Disease. What is Frank's Sign? o   Bilateral earlobe crease Thank you to all that make the EMM awesome! Hosted and editted by Jeffrey Olson MS4 | Additional editting by Jorge Chalit, OMS4 Donate: https://emergencymedicalminute.org/donate/ Join our mailing list: http://eepurl.com/c9ouHf

Dr. Cassie Moffitt created a private Instagram account where students can anonymously ask clarifying questions related to class content. Since most students already use Instagram, the platform was an accessible choice. Each day, the faculty member posts a story with a question box. Students submit questions anonymously, which are answered in the order received through follow-up stories. To ensure continued access, responses are saved as permanent reels. Dr. Moffitt provides other examples of the strategy in her article.  

Respiratory failure is a serious clinical condition that nurses frequently encounter in critical care, emergency, and acute care settings. While supportive therapies such as oxygen and mechanical ventilation are often required, medications also play an important role in stabilizing patients and addressing the underlying causes. In this episode, we'll review the general pharmacologic strategies used in the management of respiratory failure and highlight key considerations for nursing practice. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

In dieser Folge von Betreutes Fühlen sprechen Leon und Atze über eine der am meisten missverstandenen psychischen Erkrankungen: Schizophrenie. Was ist Mythos, was Realität? Wie gefährlich ist Schizophrenie wirklich? Und was hat das alles mit uns selbst zu tun? Ausgehend von der bewegenden Geschichte von sechs Brüdern, die an Schizophrenie erkranken, tauchen sie ein in die Frage, wie sich eine Psychose wirklich anfühlt – und warum auch unsere Wahrnehmung uns manchmal täuscht. Es geht um Wahn, Stimmen, aber auch um Einsamkeit, Stigma und die oft unsichtbaren Kämpfe dahinter. Fühlt euch gut betreut Leon & Atze Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/leonwindscheid/ https://www.instagram.com/atzeschroeder_offiziell/ Mehr zu unseren Werbepartnern findet ihr hier: https://linktr.ee/betreutesfuehlen Tickets: Atze: https://www.atzeschroeder.de/#termine Leon: https://leonwindscheid.de/tour/ Vorverkauf 2026: https://betreutes-fuehlen.ticket.io/ Quellen Anwar, A., Mustafa, A. M., Abdou, K., Rabie, M. A., El-Shiekh, R. A., & El-Dessouki, A. M. (2025). A comprehensive review on schizophrenia: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, conventional treatments, and proposed natural compounds used for management. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04351-0 Badcock, J. C., Adery, L. H., & Park, S. (2020). Loneliness in psychosis: A practical review and critique for clinicians. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 27(4), Article e12345. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12345 Gerlinger, G., Hauser, M., De Hert, M., Lacluyse, K., Wampers, M., & Correll, C. U. (2013). Personal stigma in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review of prevalence rates, correlates, impact and interventions. World Psychiatry, 12(2), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20040 Keller, G. B., & Sterzer, P. (2024). Predictive processing: A circuit approach to psychosis. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 47(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-100223-121214 Kolker, R. (2020). Hidden Valley Road: Inside the mind of an American family. Doubleday. Lim, M. H., Gleeson, J. F., Alvarez-Jimenez, M., & Penn, D. L. (2018). Loneliness in psychosis: A systematic review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53(3), 221–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1482-5 Simeone, J. C., Ward, A. J., Rotella, P., Collins, J., & Windisch, R. (2015). An evaluation of variation in published estimates of schizophrenia prevalence from 1990–2013: A systematic literature review. BMC Psychiatry, 15, Article 193. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0578-7 Valery, K. M., & Prouteau, A. (2020). Schizophrenia stigma in mental health professionals and associated factors: A systematic review. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113068 Wittchen, H.-U., & Hoyer, J. (2011). Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie (Lehrbuch mit Online-Materialien). Springer. World Health Organization (o. J.). Schizophrenia – Fact sheet. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schizophrenia NPR (2020). In “Hidden Valley Road,” a family's journey helps shift the science of mental illness. https://www.npr.org/2020/04/05/826695581 Earley, P. (2020). Three mothers describe their experiences with adult children with serious mental illness. https://www.peteearley.com/2020/06/01/joined-by-bestselling-author-of-hidden-valley-road-3-mothers-describe-their-experiences-with-adult-children-with-smis/ Verywell Mind. The internal experience of schizophrenia. https://www.verywellmind.com/the-internal-experience-of-schizophrenia-2953095 Wikipedia. Hidden Valley Road. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_Valley_Road The Washington Post (2020). The turbulent lives of six brothers with schizophrenia. https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/the-turbulent-lives-of-six-brothers-with-schizophrenia/2020/04/07/13ae195e-6223-11ea-acca-80c22bbee96f_story.html Galvin Family Trust. The brothers.

This week Clint speaks with Dr. Shawn McNeil & Dr. Donard.  In this conversation they explore the latest research and clinical practices in psychiatry, focusing on schizophrenia, genetic testing, early detection, and the impact of AI on mental health.    Dr. Shawn McNeil hosts an Apple podcast, "Addiction Medicine: Beyond the Abstract" Addiction Medicine: Beyond the Abstract - Podcast - Apple Podcasts. A quarterly, interactive addiction journal club was discussed, paired with presentation Dr. McNeil discusses on his podcast. https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/addiction-medicine-beyond-the-abstract/id1806152019   Biography Dr. Shawn McNeil is a physician and researcher at LSU Health Shreveport. He is a Clinical Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine and serves as Program Director of the Psychiatry Residency Program and Director of Neuroinformatics Research. He is a diplomate of the American Board of Psychiatry & Neurology and is board-certified in General Psychiatry and Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. He completed his Psychiatry residency at LSU Health Shreveport and is a recipient of the Resident Recognition Award from the American Psychiatric Association (APA). He also completed his fellowship in Child & Adolescent Psychiatry at LSU Health, serving as chief resident of the program.   Clinically, Dr. McNeil practices at Louisiana Behavioral Health where he serves as Chief Medical Officer. He also supervises residents at the Ochsner LSU Health Ambulatory Care Center. His primary research is clinical in nature. He is Principal Investigator on a clinical trial (Apathy in Schizophrenia, Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) at the LSU Health Psychiatry Research Clinic which is investigating the use of Lumateperone on motivation in patients with psychotic disorders. He previously worked on the Blüm Autism Study (sponsored by Curemark) and the Tapestry Autism Study (sponsored by Axial Therapeutics). He is also the Director of Clinical Research for the Louisiana Addiction Research Center.   Dr. McNeil serves as President of the Louisiana Psychiatric Medical Association (LPMA). He is on the editorial board of the Journal of Addiction Medicine (JAM) and is host of their podcast "Addiction Medicine: Beyond the Abstract". He is a 2018 recipient of the ASAM's Ruth Fox Memorial Endowment Scholarship. He has also served on the editorial board of the APA's American Journal of Psychiatry Resident's Journal and he has been recognized as a Fellow of the APA.   Dr. McNeil was previously a staff physician at the Overton Brooks VA Medical Center and treated veterans in the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Clinic. He continues to proudly serve as a Deputy Coroner of Caddo Parish, Louisiana.     Donard Dwyer, PhD Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine   Biography Donard Dwyer received his BS degree in Psychology from Tulane University, a Master's degree in education (MEd) from the University of Rochester and his PhD from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). In addition, to holding positions as a Research Scientist at the Max-Planck Society laboratories in Würzburg, Germany and Director of Immunology at a Cambridge biotechnology company, Dr. Dwyer has spent 32 years in academic research at UAB and LSU Health Shreveport. He is currently professor of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience at LSU Health Shreveport. In addition, he is Vice-Chair for Research in the Department of Psychiatry.   His research interests range broadly from the evolution of protein ligand-receptor interactions, the electronic properties of amino acids and regulation of glucose transport in neurons to behavioral genetics of motivation and movement in C. elegans and the genetic basis for schizophrenia and neuropsychiatric disorders. He is currently focused on the role of insulin signaling pathways in regulation of motivation in “suicidal” worms and characterization of the genetic architecture of schizophrenia with mathematical approaches. Finally, his laboratory is searching for drugs that produce neuroenhancement in cultured neurons as potential treatments for an array of neuropsychiatric conditions.     Medical Trial: https://www.lsuhs.edu/departments/school-of-medicine/psychiatry-and-behavioral-medicine/research   Chapters 00:00 Introduction to the Podcast and Guests 02:27 Overview of Schizophrenia and Motivation Challenges 04:23 The New Drug Adalumid Teparone and Its Potential 07:50 Understanding Schizophrenia: Causes and Risk Factors 12:04 Genetics of Schizophrenia: Myths and Realities 16:20 Enrolling Patients in Clinical Trials 20:49 Genetic Testing and Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry 25:54 Early Signs of Psychosis in Children 30:50 Supporting Families and Community Resources 40:04 The Role of AI in Future Psychiatry 52:17 AI and the Risks of Artificial Relationships 56:35 Conclusion: Hope and the Future of Mental Health Care

Aminoglycosides are antibiotics used to treat serious Gram-negative infections, but they also come with important safety concerns and unique pharmacokinetic properties that healthcare professionals must understand. In this episode, we're going to break down the essential clinical pearls surrounding aminoglycosides and how pharmacists and clinicians can use them effectively while minimizing toxicity. We'll review the most common agents in this class, including Gentamicin, Tobramycin, and Amikacin, and discuss when these medications are typically used in clinical practice. From severe Gram-negative infections to synergy dosing in conditions like infective endocarditis, aminoglycosides still play a role in antimicrobial therapy. Another key focus of this episode will be the pharmacology that makes these drugs unique. Aminoglycosides demonstrate concentration-dependent killing and a post-antibiotic effect, which is why strategies like extended-interval dosing and tools such as the Hartford Nomogram are commonly used to guide therapy. We'll also cover the major adverse effects, including nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, and highlight practical monitoring strategies to help reduce these risks. By the end of this episode, you'll have a clearer understanding of how aminoglycosides work, when they should be used, and the key dosing and monitoring principles that every clinician should know. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast and Check Out These Amazing Resources! NAPLEX Study Materials BCPS Study Materials BCACP Study Materials BCGP Study Materials BCMTMS Study Materials Meded101 Guide to Nursing Pharmacology (Amazon Highly Rated) Guide to Drug Food Interactions (Amazon Best Seller) Pharmacy Technician Study Guide by Meded101

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory condition that nurses encounter frequently in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Effective pharmacologic management plays a major role in controlling symptoms, preventing exacerbations, and improving quality of life for patients living with COPD. In this episode, we'll review the key medication classes used to manage COPD and highlight practical clinical considerations nurses should know when caring for these patients. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

"You want to try to act quickly and be able to know what the pathways are for appropriate escalating when a patient is having symptoms that are reflective of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or neurotoxicity. These toxicities are very manageable and treatable when recognized early. To summarize, choosing the right patient, knowing the toxicity profile for each product, and acting early is really what helps to prevent severe outcomes with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy," Maribel Pereiras, PharmD, BCPS, BCOP, clinical pharmacy specialist at the John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center in New Jersey, told Jaime Weimer, MSN, RN, AGCNS-BS, AOCNS®, manager of oncology nursing practice at ONS, during a conversation about CAR T-cell immunotherapy. Music Credit: "Fireflies and Stardust" by Kevin MacLeod Licensed under Creative Commons by Attribution 3.0  Earn 0.75 contact hours of nursing continuing professional development (NCPD) by listening to the full recording and completing an evaluation at courses.ons.org by March 20, 2027. The planners and faculty for this episode have no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies to disclose. ONS is accredited as a provider of nursing continuing professional development by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation. Learning outcome: Learners will report an increase in knowledge related to CAR T-Cell immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer. Episode Notes  Complete this evaluation for free NCPD.  ONS Podcast™ episodes: Pharmacology 101 series Episode 267: Side-Effect Management for CAR T-Cell Therapy for Hematologic Malignancies Episode 261: CAR T-Cell Therapy for Hematologic Malignancies Requires Education and Navigation Episode 176: Oncologic Emergencies 101: Cytokine Release Syndrome ONS Voice articles: A Body of Evidence Helps Nurses Manage CAR T-Cell Therapy Toxicities CAR T-Cell Therapy Programs Oncology Clinical Social Workers Add Layers of Support for Patients and Families During CAR T-Cell Therapy Studies Show Best Practices to Manage CAR T-Cell Therapies' irAEs and Improve Outcomes ONS Voice oncology drug reference sheet: Lisocabtagene Maraleucel Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing articles: CAR T-Cell Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory Aggressive Large B-Cell Lymphoma CAR T-Cell Therapy: Updates in Nursing Management Nursing Considerations in Navigating Patients Receiving CAR T-Cell Therapy ONS book: Guide to Cancer Immunotherapy (second edition) ONS Huddle Cards: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy Cytokine Release Syndrome Immune Effector Cell–Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome Immunotherapy Immuno-Oncology Learning Library American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy: Learning Center American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy: Learning Center National Comprehensive Cancer Network home page To discuss the information in this episode with other oncology nurses, visit the ONS Communities.  To find resources for creating an ONS Podcast club in your chapter or nursing community, visit the ONS Podcast Library. To provide feedback or otherwise reach ONS about the podcast, email pubONSVoice@ons.org. Highlights From This Episode "CAR T-cell therapy combines an adoptive cell transfer with genetic engineering. And what that really means is that we are harvesting a patient's own T cells and then we engineer them with a synthetic receptor that helps them recognize that cancer. And all of this work has evolved through many decades of stepwise advances in how we design and activate the T cells. That led us to several landmark trials and ultimately the first CAR T-cell therapy approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2017, which was tisagenlecleucel for pediatric and young adult patients that had acute lymphoblastic leukemia." TS 3:34 "If a patient has higher disease burden or an inflammatory biology, that does tend to correlate with higher toxicity risk. And then that might influence the way we monitor the patients who are getting the CAR T therapy. And then finally, baseline neurologic examinations, because neurotoxicity can occur with these agents. It's very important that we as a whole healthcare team really understand what the patient looks like at baseline to be able to determine if they're having any altered changes or confusion. If I had to summarize it, we want to confirm the target and make sure that we have the right CAR T product for the patient. We want to confirm that the patient, physiologically and mentally, is ready for the CAR T therapy." TS 10:53 "I think the two [toxicities] that every nurse will hear about almost immediately when talking about CAR T therapy are CRS or ICANS, which stands for immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome. ... ICANS can either follow or even occur alongside CRS. And this can present as something as simple as just being slightly confused or altered, leading into progressively more severe elements such as word-finding difficulties, tremors, or changes in handwriting. Or even more severe cases that lead to seizures or decreased levels of consciousness. So, in this setting, neurologic assessments and knowing and understanding what your patient's baseline neurologic status is is so important. Those are really the two largest side effects that cross the board when it comes to CAR T therapies." TS 16:02 "In terms of the more practical aspects of administration, this is not a typical medication infusion. CAR T cells are living cells. So the way they are handled and administered is very specific. The majority of CAR T products are given as a single IV infusion. The cells come to us frozen either from a cellular lab or they will come from the pharmacy department. So those cells are typically thawed, and timing is of the essence. You really need to coordinate the timing of [thawing] to when they get infused to your patient. They tend to have a short shelf life once they're not frozen anymore." TS 26:34 "Now that therapy has, in many places, transitioned to be administered in the outpatient setting, education becomes absolutely critical. The patient is coming for their daily visit to clinic and then they're going home. And it's really up to the caregiver, who is usually not a nurse, who has to recognize early signs of toxicity. They need to be educated about what a fever is, what number constitutes a fever, what does confusion look like, what does hypotension look like? ... Do they have access to a thermometer? If you are asking them to look at blood pressure, do they have access to a blood pressure monitor? And sometimes those can be subtle things that might be overlooked. So, the emphasis in outpatient quality education is teaching those caregivers what to watch for, how to act quickly, and who to call immediately. You need to make sure that they have that information readily available if something happens." TS 30:55

In this episode, we are going to take a closer look at Vancomycin, one of the most widely used antibiotics in the hospital setting and a medication that pharmacists frequently monitor. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic primarily used to treat serious gram-positive infections, including those caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-alanine–D-alanine portion of peptidoglycan precursors, which ultimately prevents the bacteria from forming a stable cell wall. Clinically, vancomycin is commonly used for infections such as bacteremia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and severe skin and soft tissue infections when resistant gram-positive organisms are suspected. One of the most important aspects of vancomycin therapy is therapeutic drug monitoring, as maintaining appropriate exposure is critical for both efficacy and safety. Current practice often focuses on achieving target AUC-to-MIC ratios rather than relying solely on trough levels. Pharmacists also play an important role in adjusting doses based on renal function and monitoring for adverse effects. Two key safety concerns with vancomycin are nephrotoxicity and vancomycin infusion-related reactions such as “red man syndrome,” which is characterized by flushing, rash, and hypotension if the medication is infused too rapidly. Throughout this episode, we will review the pharmacology, monitoring parameters, and clinical pearls that healthcare professionals should understand when managing patients receiving vancomycin therapy. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast and Check Out These Amazing Resources! NAPLEX Study Materials BCPS Study Materials BCACP Study Materials BCGP Study Materials BCMTMS Study Materials Meded101 Guide to Nursing Pharmacology (Amazon Highly Rated) Guide to Drug Food Interactions (Amazon Best Seller) Pharmacy Technician Study Guide by Meded101

Asthma is a common chronic respiratory condition that nurses frequently encounter in both outpatient and inpatient settings. Effective medication management is essential for controlling symptoms, preventing exacerbations, and improving long-term respiratory health. In this episode, we'll review the major medication classes used to manage asthma and highlight key nursing considerations when caring for patients with this condition. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE!

Do alpha and beta adrenergic receptors feel confusing or overly detailed? Understanding these receptors is essential for success on your exams, and once they click, so much of pharmacology starts to make sense.         In this episode, Alex and I walk through alpha and beta adrenergic receptors step by step, connecting receptor function to real medications and common board-style scenarios. You will leave with a clearer framework for answering pharmacology questions with confidence.             Get full show notes, transcript, and more information here: https://blog.npreviews.com/alpha-beta-adrenergic-receptors       Follow us on Instagram: instagram.com/smnpreviewsofficial