Podcasts about Middle Ages

Last week, a thousand-year-old medieval tower in Rome partially collapsed. This disaster for history and Rome's patrimony—which could have been much worse—serves as a reminder that Rome's monuments are not forever. The Torre dei Conti is far from being the only historic building to collapse—partially or completely—in recent years. And antiquity and the Middle Ages witnessed the loss of more treasures of engineering, art, and architecture than we can probably imagine.  We think of Rome as eternal (for good reason), but the truth is, Rome's cityscape is slowly but perpetually changing. Moral of the story: if there's a site in Rome you'd like to visit, do it now. (Before it's gone forever!!) P. S. Don't miss your chance to visit Rome with us, on our intimate Rome listener trip, coming up in October 2026. Find out all about it here, or email us for more information! ------------------------------------- COME TO ROME WITH US: Our third annual Bittersweet Life Roman Adventure is all sold out for 2025! If you'd like to join us in 2026, and be part of an intimate group of listeners on a magical and unforgettable journey to Rome, discovering the city with us as your guides, find out more here. ADVERTISE WITH US: Reach expats, future expats, and travelers all over the world. Send us an email to get the conversation started. BECOME A PATRON: Pledge your monthly support of The Bittersweet Life and receive awesome prizes in return for your generosity! Visit our Patreon site to find out more. TIP YOUR PODCASTER: Say thanks with a one-time donation to the podcast hosts you know and love. Click here to send financial support via PayPal. (You can also find a Donate button on the desktop version of our website.) The show needs your support to continue. START PODCASTING: If you are planning to start your own podcast, consider Libsyn for your hosting service! Use this affliliate link to get two months free, or use our promo code SWEET when you sign up. SUBSCRIBE: Subscribe to the podcast to make sure you never miss an episode. Click here to find us on a variety of podcast apps. WRITE A REVIEW: Leave us a rating and a written review on iTunes so more listeners can find us. JOIN THE CONVERSATION: If you have a question or a topic you want us to address, send us an email here. You can also connect to us through Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. Tag #thebittersweetlife with your expat story for a chance to be featured! NEW TO THE SHOW? Don't be afraid to start with Episode 1: OUTSET BOOK: Want to read Tiffany's book, Midnight in the Piazza? Learn more here or order on Amazon. TOUR ROME: If you're traveling to Rome, don't miss the chance to tour the city with Tiffany as your guide!

Geoffrey Chaucer's granddaughter Alice was first married at the age of 11. She was granted a license to marry her third husband on 11th November, 1430; and became defined by her three powerful unions with men she outlived. Having lost her first two husbands in the Hundred Years War, she then settled down with William de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk; a marriage that got her closer than ever to the seat of power. At one point, she even filled in for Queen Margaret on a ceremonial parade in France. In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly marvel at Chaucer's ability to climb the social hierarchy via her marriages; explain why ‘jointures' changed the fortunes of widows in the Middle Ages; and consider the merits of commissioning multiple statues of themselves… Further Reading: • ‘Four Thought: And His Wife' (BBC Radio 4, 2021) - Olly Mann interviews Jessica Barker about medieval statues of women, including Alice Chaucer: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000z0c4 • ‘Historical Figures: Alice Chaucer, Lady of the Garter' (Just History Posts, 2020): https://justhistoryposts.com/2020/08/11/historical-figures-alice-chaucer-lady-of-the-garter/ • ‘'Till Death Us Do Part? Love and the Medieval Tomb Monument with Dr Jessica Barker' (The Churches Conservation Trust, 2021): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zH55Vq3tHo0 This episode first aired in 2021 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Our hosts, with special guest Tanner Vogelgesang, discuss A Knight's Tale (2001) and Tanner proves the fact that while Jock Jams might have destroyed a Victorian child, the Middle Ages would have loved them. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

For tonight's episode, we invite you to delve into European myths from Antiquity and the Middle Ages, as well as the history of the peoples that carried them. We will begin with Celtic stories, taken in particular from Irish mythology. We will then relive the story of the Ring of the Nibelung, as told in the Germanic myths that inspired Wagner to create his famous operas from the Ring cycle. Finally, we will finish this overview with Norse stories. #sleep #bedtimestory #asmr #sleepstory #history #mytholofy Welcome to Lights Out Library Join me for a sleepy adventure tonight. Sit back, relax, and fall asleep to documentary-style bedtime stories read in a calming ASMR voice. Learn something new while you enjoy a restful night of sleep. Listen ad free and get access to bonus content on our Patreon: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/LightsOutLibrary621⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Listen on Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@LightsOutLibraryov⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠   ¿Quieres escuchar en Español? Echa un vistazo a La Biblioteca de los Sueños! En Spotify: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/1t522alsv5RxFsAf9AmYfg⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ En Apple Podcasts: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/la-biblioteca-de-los-sue%C3%B1os-documentarios-para-dormir/id1715193755⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ En Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@LaBibliotecadelosSuenosov⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Located on the Baltic Sea, sandwiched between the nations of Lithuania and Poland, is the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad. Kaliningrad, as it is today, does not have a deep history. For most of its history, it was known as Königsberg. The reason it exists at all dates back to the Teutonic Knights in the Middle Ages and the aftermath of two world wars in the 20th century.  Today, its status is unique to say the least, and it has the potential to become a geopolitical flashpoint. Learn more about Kaliningrad and its history on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. Sponsors Quince Go to quince.com/daily for 365-day returns, plus free shipping on your order! Mint Mobile Get your 3-month Unlimited wireless plan for just 15 bucks a month at mintmobile.com/eed Stash Go to get.stash.com/EVERYTHING to see how you can receive $25 towards your first stock purchase. Newspaper.com Go to Newspapers.com to get a gift subscription for the family historian in your life! Subscribe to the podcast!  https://everything-everywhere.com/everything-everywhere-daily-podcast/ -------------------------------- Executive Producer: Charles Daniel Associate Producers: Austin Oetken & Cameron Kieffer   Become a supporter on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/everythingeverywhere Discord Server: https://discord.gg/UkRUJFh Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/everythingeverywhere/ Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/everythingeverywheredaily Twitter: https://twitter.com/everywheretrip Website: https://everything-everywhere.com/  Disce aliquid novi cotidie Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In 1865, German physician and medical writer Justus Hecker published a volume titled The Epidemics of the Middle Ages. In a footnote, he remarked on a strange phenomenon: an outbreak of meowing nuns. In this minisode, I bring you the story of the meowing nuns of late medieval France and the men who told their story.Researched, written, and produced by Corinne Wieben with original music by Purple Planet.SourcesPrimaryAristotle. History of Animals. Translated by d' A. W. Thompson. In Aristotle, Complete Works. Vol. 1, 774–993. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984.Aristotle. Politics. Translated by Ernest Barker. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.Hecker, J. F. C. The Epidemics of the Middle Ages. Translated by B. G. Babington. London: Woodfall, 1844. Zimmerman, J. G. Solitude. Vol. II. London: Dilly, 1798.SecondaryBartholomew, Robert E. Little Green Men, Meowing Nuns and Head-Hunting Panics: A Study of Mass Psychogenic Illness and Social Delusion. London: McFarland, 2001.Bartholomew, Robert E. and Simon Wessely. “Protean Nature of Mass Sociogenic Illness: From Possessed Nuns to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Fears.” British Journal of Psychiatry 180, no. 4 (2002): 300–306.Mercer, Christia. “The Philosophical Roots of Western Misogyny.” Philosophical Topics 46, no. 2 (2018): 183–208.Penso G. Roman Medicine. 3rd ed. Noceto: Essebiemme, 2002.Tasca, Cecilia et al. “Women and Hysteria in the History of Mental Health.” Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health 8 (2012): 110-9.Support the showEnchantedPodcast.netBluesky/enchantedpodcast.net

A funeral is one of those rare occasions where you don't really need to think too much about your choice of outfit. After all, everyone wears black to funerals as a sign of grief, don't they? Well, that might be true in the Western world, but it's not necessarily the case everywhere, which is what we're going to talk about today.  In the Western world, funeral customs have long been intertwined with strict dress codes. The tradition of "mourning attire" became widespread across Europe from the Middle Ages onwards, and was particularly stringent during the Victorian era in England. Queen Victoria herself mandated that widows wear black mourning attire, including jewellery, for at least a year.  Has that always been the case? What about in other parts of the world then? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: ⁠Should you sleep with socks on?⁠ ⁠How can I get the most out of daytime napping?⁠ ⁠How quick is premature ejaculation?⁠ A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. First Broadcast: 3/5/2024 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is the role of solitude in Christian history? Medievalist Hetta Howes comments on the allure of enclosure, how seeking solitude supports community, and what these ancient lives reveal about our modern search for connection.“Even those moments of solitude that she's carving for herself are surprisingly sociable.”This episode is part 1 of a 5-part series, SOLO, which explores the theological, moral, and psychological dimensions of loneliness, solitude, and being alone.Medieval Anchoresses and Women Mystics sought a life of solitude with and for God—what about their vocation might illuminate our perspectives on loneliness, isolation, and solitude today?In this episode, Hetta Howes joins Macie Bridge to explore the extraordinary lives of medieval women mystics, including Julian of Norwich and Marjorie Kempee. Drawing from her book Poet Mystic Widow Wife: The Extraordinary Lives of Medieval Women, Howes illuminates how these women lived in literal and spiritual solitude—sometimes sealed in stone anchorages, sometimes carving sacred space in the midst of family and community. Together they consider the physical and spiritual demands of enclosure, the sociable windows of anchorages, and the simultaneous human longing for both solitude and companionship. Across the centuries, these women invite us to think anew about loneliness, vocation, and the need for community—even in devotion to God.Helpful Links and ResourcesPoet Mystic Widow Wife: The Extraordinary Lives of Medieval Women – Hetta HowesJulian of Norwich, Revelations of Divine Love (Penguin Classics)The Book of Margery Kempe (Oxford World's Classics)Episode Highlights“An anchorage is a small cell, usually joined to a church… and the idea was that you would never leave that place alive again.”“Sometimes you do come across these things and you're like, oh, maybe the cultural consciousness was so different that they had a different language for loneliness.”“Marjorie frames herself as a figure who is constantly looking for connection—sometimes finding it, but often being rejected in really painful ways.”“Even those moments of solitude that she's carving for herself are surprisingly sociable.”“What I've learned from them is the importance of community—that even solitary professions absolutely rely on other people.”About Hetta HowesHetta Howes is a Lecturer in Medieval and Early Modern Literature at City St. George's, University of London. She specializes in the literature of the Middle Ages, with particular focus on medieval women writers, mysticism, and representations of gender and devotion. Her most recent book is Poet Mystic Widow Wife: The Extraordinary Lives of Medieval Women (2024).Show NotesSolitude and SanctityHowes introduces her research on medieval women mystics and writers (Julian of Norwich, Margery Kempe, Christine de Pizan, Marie de France).Exploration of the anchoritic life—cells built into church walls where women lived sealed from the world.The paradox of solitude: enclosure for God that still required connection for survival.The Anchorite's WorldAnchorages included small windows—to the church, the street, and for food—balancing isolation with limited engagement.Guidebooks warned women against gossip and temptation, revealing anxiety about sociability and holiness.“Why have a window to the world if you're not ever going to converse with it?”Loneliness and BoredomLoneliness rarely appears in medieval texts; boredom and idleness were greater concerns.“Boredom comes up as a concept much more often than loneliness.”Modern readers project our loneliness onto them; their silence might reveal difference, not absence.Julian and MarjorieJulian's quiet solitude contrasts with Marjorie's noisy, emotional piety.Marjorie Kempe's “roarings” and unconventional piety challenged norms; she lived in the world but sought holiness.“I wish you were enclosed in a house of stone”—a critique of her refusal to conform.Solitude and CommunityEven in seclusion, anchorites served others—praying, advising, maintaining windows to the world.Julian's writings reveal care for all Christians; her solitude was intercessory, not selfish.Howes connects medieval community to our modern digital and emotional isolation.Modern ReflectionsHowes parallels her own experience of digital overload and motherhood with the medieval longing for quiet focus.“As amazing as the digital can be, it's eroding so much.”She cautions against idolizing solitude but affirms its value for clarity and grounding.Production NotesThis podcast featured Hetta HowesInterview by Macie BridgeEdited and Produced by Evan RosaProduction Assistance by Alexa Rollow, Emily Brookfield, and Hope ChunA Production of the Yale Center for Faith & Culture at Yale Divinity School https://faith.yale.edu/aboutSupport For the Life of the World podcast by giving to the Yale Center for Faith & Culture: https://faith.yale.edu/give

Anastasija Ropa joins Jana Byars to talk about The Medieval Horse (Reaktion, 2025), a book that explores the role of horses across the medieval world, from the Kievan Rus' and Scandinavia to Central Europe, Byzantium, the Arab world and Asia, including China and India. Covering the early medieval period to the late Middle Ages, it examines how horses shaped societies, warfare and culture and how their legacy persists in traditional equestrian sports today. Drawing on little-known primary sources, artefacts, and the author's hands-on experience with historical horsemanship, the book offers a vivid account of the deep connection between people and horses. Combining scholarly insight with practical knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study of medieval horses in Europe and Asia to date. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Anastasija Ropa joins Jana Byars to talk about The Medieval Horse (Reaktion, 2025), a book that explores the role of horses across the medieval world, from the Kievan Rus' and Scandinavia to Central Europe, Byzantium, the Arab world and Asia, including China and India. Covering the early medieval period to the late Middle Ages, it examines how horses shaped societies, warfare and culture and how their legacy persists in traditional equestrian sports today. Drawing on little-known primary sources, artefacts, and the author's hands-on experience with historical horsemanship, the book offers a vivid account of the deep connection between people and horses. Combining scholarly insight with practical knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study of medieval horses in Europe and Asia to date. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Anastasija Ropa joins Jana Byars to talk about The Medieval Horse (Reaktion, 2025), a book that explores the role of horses across the medieval world, from the Kievan Rus' and Scandinavia to Central Europe, Byzantium, the Arab world and Asia, including China and India. Covering the early medieval period to the late Middle Ages, it examines how horses shaped societies, warfare and culture and how their legacy persists in traditional equestrian sports today. Drawing on little-known primary sources, artefacts, and the author's hands-on experience with historical horsemanship, the book offers a vivid account of the deep connection between people and horses. Combining scholarly insight with practical knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study of medieval horses in Europe and Asia to date. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/military-history

Guest scholar Sara Lipton discusses antisemitism in medieval Europe. From the Nazis in the 20th century to current alt-right movements, many of history's and modernity's most prominent antisemitic groups have drawn on beliefs and motifs that first emerged during the Middle Ages. But conspiracies and caricatures didn't emerge overnight – they were a product of centuries-long shifts in political and religious dynamics.

Anastasija Ropa joins Jana Byars to talk about The Medieval Horse (Reaktion, 2025), a book that explores the role of horses across the medieval world, from the Kievan Rus' and Scandinavia to Central Europe, Byzantium, the Arab world and Asia, including China and India. Covering the early medieval period to the late Middle Ages, it examines how horses shaped societies, warfare and culture and how their legacy persists in traditional equestrian sports today. Drawing on little-known primary sources, artefacts, and the author's hands-on experience with historical horsemanship, the book offers a vivid account of the deep connection between people and horses. Combining scholarly insight with practical knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study of medieval horses in Europe and Asia to date. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/sports

Anastasija Ropa joins Jana Byars to talk about The Medieval Horse (Reaktion, 2025), a book that explores the role of horses across the medieval world, from the Kievan Rus' and Scandinavia to Central Europe, Byzantium, the Arab world and Asia, including China and India. Covering the early medieval period to the late Middle Ages, it examines how horses shaped societies, warfare and culture and how their legacy persists in traditional equestrian sports today. Drawing on little-known primary sources, artefacts, and the author's hands-on experience with historical horsemanship, the book offers a vivid account of the deep connection between people and horses. Combining scholarly insight with practical knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study of medieval horses in Europe and Asia to date. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Anastasija Ropa joins Jana Byars to talk about The Medieval Horse (Reaktion, 2025), a book that explores the role of horses across the medieval world, from the Kievan Rus' and Scandinavia to Central Europe, Byzantium, the Arab world and Asia, including China and India. Covering the early medieval period to the late Middle Ages, it examines how horses shaped societies, warfare and culture and how their legacy persists in traditional equestrian sports today. Drawing on little-known primary sources, artefacts, and the author's hands-on experience with historical horsemanship, the book offers a vivid account of the deep connection between people and horses. Combining scholarly insight with practical knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study of medieval horses in Europe and Asia to date. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/animal-studies

• How God helped the church grow and mature over four time periods • Second period: The early church leaders (AD 100–600) • Third period: The Middle Ages till the Reformation (AD 600–1600) • Fourth period: The Reformation till modern day (AD 1600–present) After the apostles died and new leaders arose to guide the Church, what events occurred? Listen to this message to hear about the years following the first century until where we are today in 2025. Hear about the number of issues facing the early church Fathers as they were faced with questions such as what is the authority for truth, who was Jesus, and what does baptism mean. Hear about four important church councils that were held to determine these things. Find out how they decided which books should be considered part of the Canon of Scripture and hear about the leading church fathers, beginning with Ignatius. Learn about a number of heresies that developed and problems facing the church today.

Fluent Fiction - Norwegian: Unlocking Secrets: A Mysterious Adventure at Nidarosdomen Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/no/episode/2025-11-04-08-38-19-no Story Transcript:No: Det var en kjølig høstmorgen da klassen samlet seg foran den storslåtte Nidarosdomen.En: It was a chilly autumn morning when the class gathered in front of the magnificent Nidarosdomen.No: Tåkedis hang lavt i luften, og lyset fra de vakre glassmaleriene speilet seg svakt i de fuktige brosteinene.En: A mist hung low in the air, and the light from the beautiful stained glass windows faintly reflected on the damp cobblestones.No: Sindre holdt seg litt bak de andre elevene, og studerte den imponerende fasaden med interesse han vanligvis ikke turte å vise.En: Sindre held back a bit from the other students, studying the impressive facade with an interest he usually didn't dare to show.No: Lena, med sitt lyse hår som danset i vinden, tok raskt ledelsen.En: Lena, with her light hair dancing in the wind, quickly took the lead.No: Mikkel, med kameraet sitt klart, fulgte etter, alltid på utkikk etter det perfekte bildet.En: Mikkel, with his camera ready, followed, always on the lookout for the perfect picture.No: De var begge fascinert av stedet, men av forskjellige grunner.En: They were both fascinated by the place, but for different reasons.No: Sindre kjente et grøss av spenning da de gikk inn i katedralen.En: Sindre felt a thrill of excitement as they entered the cathedral.No: Den svake lukten av gammel stein og tistede bønner fylte luften.En: The faint smell of ancient stone and whispered prayers filled the air.No: Guiden begynte å snakke om kirkens historie, men Sindre hadde øynene festet på en dør til venstre, halvveis skjult bak en søyle.En: The guide began talking about the church's history, but Sindre had his eyes fixed on a door to the left, half hidden behind a pillar.No: Han hadde hørt rykter om skjulte passasjer i katedralen.En: He had heard rumors about hidden passages in the cathedral.No: Hjertet hans banket raskere.En: His heart beat faster.No: Burde han si noe?En: Should he say something?No: Da de nærmet seg døren under omvisningen, stoppet Sindre og pekte nervøst mot den.En: As they approached the door during the tour, Sindre stopped and nervously pointed towards it.No: "Kanskje vi kan se om det er noe der?En: "Maybe we can see if there's something there?"No: " foreslo han forsiktig.En: he suggested cautiously.No: Lena løftet øyenbrynene, men smilte.En: Lena raised her eyebrows but smiled.No: "Hvorfor ikke?En: "Why not?No: Jeg elsker eventyr!En: I love adventures!"No: " Mikkel nikket stille, nysgjerrig med kameraet i hånden.En: Mikkel nodded quietly, curious with his camera in hand.No: De sneik seg bort fra hovedgruppen og kom seg inn i en smal gang bak skjult dør.En: They sneaked away from the main group and entered a narrow corridor behind the hidden door.No: Lyset var svakt, og skrittene deres ekkoet mot de kalde veggene.En: The light was dim, and their footsteps echoed against the cold walls.No: Sindre kunne ikke la være å smile, nervene bleknet mens de utforsket videre med vennene sine.En: Sindre couldn't help but smile, his nerves fading as they explored further with their friends.No: Etter å ha fulgt en svingete korridor, kom de til et lite rom.En: After following a winding corridor, they came to a small room.No: Der, blant støvete arkitekttegninger og eldgamle lysestaker, fant de et sett med håndskårne trefigurer.En: There, among dusty architectural drawings and ancient candlesticks, they found a set of hand-carved wooden figures.No: Lena løftet en figur opp.En: Lena picked up a figure.No: "Dette må være fra middelalderen!En: "This must be from the Middle Ages!"No: " sa hun begeistret.En: she said excitedly.No: Mikkel knipset bilder, øynene lyste av interesse.En: Mikkel snapped pictures, his eyes alight with interest.No: Tiden gikk fort, og før de visste ordet av det, kalte læreren deres tilbake til gruppen igjen.En: Time went by quickly, and before they knew it, their teacher called them back to the group.No: De gikk ut av katedralen sammen, fylt med en ny følelse av fellesskap.En: They exited the cathedral together, filled with a new sense of camaraderie.No: Sindre følte en varme i brystet.En: Sindre felt a warmth in his chest.No: Han hadde funnet modet til å dele sin interesse, og de hadde alle opplevd noe unikt.En: He had found the courage to share his interest, and they had all experienced something unique.No: På vei hjem, snakket de om et prosjekt de kunne gjøre sammen.En: On the way home, they talked about a project they could do together.No: Et som ville hylle de skjulte historiene i Nidarosdomen.En: One that would celebrate the hidden stories of Nidarosdomen.No: Sindre så på Lena og Mikkel og smilte.En: Sindre looked at Lena and Mikkel and smiled.No: Han hadde ikke bare oppdaget en skjult rom i katedralen, men en ny tro på seg selv også.En: He had not only discovered a hidden room in the cathedral but a new belief in himself as well.No: Nå var han klar til å utforske verden, en vennlig tanke og en nysgjerrig sjel om gangen.En: Now he was ready to explore the world, one friendly thought and one curious soul at a time. Vocabulary Words:chilly: kjøligautumn: høstgathered: samletmagnificent: storslåttemist: tåkedishung: hangstained glass: glassmaleriercobblestones: brosteineneimpressive: imponerendefacade: fasadendare: turteadventures: eventyrsneaked: sneiknarrow: smalcorridor: gangwinding: svingetecandlesticks: lysestakerhand-carved: håndskårnefigures: trefigurerexited: gikk utcamaraderie: fellesskapcourage: modetunique: uniktcelebrate: hyllediscovered: oppdagetbelief: troexplore: utforskewhispered: tistedethrill: grøssbeckoning: pete

Fluent Fiction - French: Medieval Miracles: A Night of Chivalry and Heroics Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/fr/episode/2025-11-03-08-38-20-fr Story Transcript:Fr: La salle résonne des cris joyeux.En: The hall resonates with joyful cries.Fr: Les invités sont transportés au cœur du Moyen Âge.En: The guests are transported to the heart of the Middle Ages.Fr: Grands étendards aux murs, des chevaliers s'affrontent dans une chorégraphie de lumières et de sons.En: Large banners on the walls, knights clash in a choreography of lights and sounds.Fr: Élodie, cheveux châtains brillants sous les chandelles, observe le spectacle.En: Élodie, with chestnut hair shining under the candles, watches the spectacle.Fr: L'automne est là, et l'air est frais.En: Autumn is here, and the air is crisp.Fr: C'est la veille de la Toussaint, et Élodie a décidé de s'accorder un moment de répit, loin de ses éprouvantes journées de chercheuse médicale.En: It's the eve of All Saints' Day, and Élodie has decided to give herself a moment of respite, far from her grueling days as a medical researcher.Fr: Autour de la longue table en bois, les convives dégustent des mets médiévaux.En: Around the long wooden table, the guests savor medieval dishes.Fr: Marcel, le serveur, vêtu d'une tunique, sourit en servant l'hypocras.En: Marcel, the server, dressed in a tunic, smiles while serving hippocras.Fr: "Chevalerie et festin!En: "Chivalry and feast!"Fr: ", annonce-t-il gaiement.En: he announces cheerfully.Fr: Mais soudain, le temps s'arrête.En: But suddenly, time stops.Fr: Un homme, Jean, pâlit et s'affaisse dans sa chaise.En: A man, Jean, pales and collapses in his chair.Fr: Élodie le remarque immédiatement.En: Élodie notices immediately.Fr: Son cœur chute.En: Her heart sinks.Fr: Elle voulait tant profiter de cette soirée sans penser au travail.En: She wanted so much to enjoy this evening without thinking about work.Fr: Pourtant, elle ne peut ignorer son instinct.En: Yet, she cannot ignore her instinct.Fr: Elle s'approche de Jean, qui respire avec difficulté.En: She approaches Jean, who is struggling to breathe.Fr: Les autres convives s'agitent.En: The other guests become agitated.Fr: Élodie reste calme.En: Élodie remains calm.Fr: "Respirez profondément," dit-elle avec assurance.En: "Breathe deeply," she says with assurance.Fr: Elle identifie vite les symptômes : une réaction allergique.En: She quickly identifies the symptoms: an allergic reaction.Fr: Elle demande à Marcel de chercher une trousse médicale.En: She asks Marcel to fetch a medical kit.Fr: Heureusement, il reste quelques minutes avant l'arrivée des secours.En: Fortunately, there are still a few minutes before the emergency services arrive.Fr: Elle administre un antihistaminique rapide.En: She administers a quick antihistamine.Fr: Ses mains tremblent légèrement, mais sa voix reste ferme.En: Her hands tremble slightly, but her voice remains steady.Fr: Jean semble se calmer, son souffle redevient régulier.En: Jean seems to calm, his breathing becomes regular again.Fr: Les murmures d'inquiétude se transforment en soupirs de soulagement.En: The whispers of worry turn into sighs of relief.Fr: Les paramédicaux arrivent peu après, prenant Jean en charge.En: The paramedics arrive shortly after, taking Jean in charge.Fr: Élodie, essoufflée, retourne à sa place.En: Élodie, breathless, returns to her place.Fr: Autour d'elle, les invités lui adressent des sourires reconnaissants.En: Around her, the guests give her grateful smiles.Fr: Marcel lui tend un verre de vin, se penchant pour chuchoter : "Vous avez sauvé la soirée, et peut-être même Jean."En: Marcel hands her a glass of wine, leaning in to whisper: "You saved the evening, and maybe even Jean."Fr: Dans l'obscurité tamisée, Élodie réfléchit.En: In the dimmed darkness, Élodie reflects.Fr: Cet épisode lui rappelle combien elle aime aider les gens.En: This episode reminds her how much she loves helping people.Fr: Elle peut être historienne par passion, et médecin par vocation.En: She can be a historian by passion, and a doctor by vocation.Fr: Un équilibre est possible.En: A balance is possible.Fr: La soirée reprend son cours.En: The evening resumes its course.Fr: Les chevaliers reprennent leur danse de gladiateurs.En: The knights resume their gladiator dance.Fr: Élodie regarde, apaisée, le spectacle continuer.En: Élodie watches, soothed, as the spectacle continues.Fr: Elle sait maintenant qu'elle peut marier son amour du passé à ses compétences du présent.En: She now knows she can marry her love of the past with her present skills.Fr: En ce soir de la Toussaint, elle reçoit la promesse d'un nouveau départ, pleine d'idées et de projets.En: On this All Saints' Eve, she receives the promise of a new beginning, full of ideas and projects.Fr: Quand le spectacle prend fin et que les convives s'apprêtent à partir, Élodie sort sous le ciel étoilé, le cœur léger.En: When the show ends and the guests prepare to leave, Élodie steps out under the starry sky, her heart light.Fr: Elle est prête, non seulement à continuer de soigner, mais aussi à vivre pleinement chaque passion qui fait battre son cœur.En: She is ready, not only to continue healing, but also to fully live every passion that makes her heart beat. Vocabulary Words:the hall: la sallejoyful: joyeuxthe banners: les étendardsto clash: s'affronterthe choreography: la chorégraphiethe candle: la chandellecrisp: fraisthe respite: le répitgrueling: éprouvantto savor: dégusterthe server: le serveurthe tunic: la tuniquecheerfully: gaiementto collapse: s'affaisserthe symptom: le symptômethe allergic reaction: la réaction allergiquethe medical kit: la trousse médicalethe antihistamine: l'antihistaminiqueto tremble: tremblerthe voice: la voixthe whisper: le murmurethe paramedics: les paramédicauxgrateful: reconnaissantdimmed: tamiséthe episode: l'épisodeto marry: marierto soothe: apaiserthe promise: la promessethe gladiator: le gladiateurto heal: soigner

Full Text of ReadingsThe Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed (All Souls) Lectionary: 668The Saint of the day is Commemoration of All the Faithful DepartedThe Story of the Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed The Church has encouraged prayer for the dead from the earliest times as an act of Christian charity. “If we had no care for the dead,” Augustine noted, “we would not be in the habit of praying for them.” Yet pre-Christian rites for the deceased retained such a strong hold on the superstitious imagination that a liturgical commemoration was not observed until the early Middle Ages, when monastic communities began to mark an annual day of prayer for the departed members. In the middle of the 11th century, Saint Odilo, abbot of Cluny, France, decreed that all Cluniac monasteries offer special prayers and sing the Office for the Dead on November 2, the day after the feast of All Saints. The custom spread from Cluny and was finally adopted throughout the Roman Church. The theological underpinning of the feast is the acknowledgment of human frailty. Since few people achieve perfection in this life but, rather, go to the grave still scarred with traces of sinfulness, some period of purification seems necessary before a soul comes face-to-face with God. The Council of Trent affirmed this purgatory state and insisted that the prayers of the living can speed the process of purification. Superstition easily clung to the observance. Medieval popular belief held that the souls in purgatory could appear on this day in the form of witches, toads or will-o'-the-wisps. Graveside food offerings supposedly eased the rest of the dead. Observances of a more religious nature have survived. These include public processions or private visits to cemeteries and decorating graves with flowers and lights. This feast is observed with great fervor in Mexico. Reflection Whether or not one should pray for the dead is one of the great arguments which divide Christians. Appalled by the abuse of indulgences in the Church of his day, Martin Luther rejected the concept of purgatory. Yet prayer for a loved one is, for the believer, a way of erasing any distance, even death. In prayer we stand in God's presence in the company of someone we love, even if that person has gone before us into death. Read St. Anthony Messenger‘s practical guide to death for Catholics Saint of the Day, Copyright Franciscan Media

Links, in order of their mention on the podcast:Kierkegaard parable Andrew cites: From the Journal: Empty Nutshells...God would be loved. Therefore He wants Christians. To love God is to be a Christian...Now "man's" knavish interest consists in creating millions and millions of Christians, the more the better, all men if possible; for thus the whole difficulty of being a Christian vanishes, being a Christian and being a man amounts to the same thing, and we find ourselves where paganism ended. Christendom has mocked God and continues to mock Him—just as if to a man who is a lover of nuts, instead of bringing him one nut with a kernel, we were to bring him tons and millions...of empty nuts, and then make this show of our zeal to comply with his wish.Soren Kierkegaard, Attack Upon “Christendom” 1854-1855, translated with an introduction by Walter Lowrie, The Beacon Press, Boston, 1956. p. 156.John Frame, "Machen's Warrior Children" in Sung Wook Chung, ed., Alister E. McGrath and Evangelical Theology (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2003).Norman Cohn, The Pursuit of the Millennium: Revolutionary Millenarians and Mystical Anarchists of the Middle Ages.Rodney Stark, God's Battalions: The Case for the Crusades.Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A History. (Other histories of the Crusades by Riley-Smith.)Augustine, Confessions. (Warhorn published an excellent short biography of Augustine by Dr. Josh Congrove titled Behold My Heart: The Life and Legacy of Augustine. Congrove has his doctorate in classics and he recommends the following translations of the Confessions: to those who want simple English, either Henry Chadwick or John Ryan; but the best translation remains F. J. Sheed.Derek Thompson, "Everything Is Television: A theory of culture and attention."Neil Postman, Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show.Richard Baxter, Autobiography.Richard Baxter, The Reformed Pastor.Lewis Bayly, The Practice of Piety.John Owen, D. D., A Discourse Concerning Evangelical Love, Church Peace, and Unity; With the Occasions and Reasons of Present Differences and Divisions about Things Sacred and Religious, (London: Doxman Newman, at the Kings-Armes in the Poultry, 1673).Christopher Clark, The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914.Paul Johnson, Modern Times Revised Edition: The World from the Twenties to the Nineties.Westminster Confession: Chapter XVII Of the Perseverance of the Saints | Chapter XVIII Of Assurance of Grace and SalvationWestminster Larger Catechism: Of the Perseverance of the Saints and Of Assurance of Grace and Salvation***Out of Our Minds Podcast: Pastors Who Say What They Think. For the love of Christ and His Church. Out of Our Minds is a production of New Geneva Academy. Are you interested in preparing for ordained ministry with pastors? Have a desire to grow in your knowledge and fear of God? Apply at www.newgenevaacademy.com. Master of Divinity / Bachelor of DivinityCertificate in Bible & TheologyIntro and outro music is Psalm of the King, Psalm 21 by My Soul Among Lions. Out of Our Minds audio, artwork, episode descriptions, and notes are property of New Geneva Academy and Warhorn Media, published with permission by Transistor, Inc. ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★

This episode looks at the changing face of witchcraft from the Middle Ages through the Tudor and early Stuart eras. We'll start with royal women accused of sorcery, like Joan of Navarre and Eleanor Cobham - and trace how superstition turned into state policy under Henry VIII, Elizabeth I, and finally King James I.https://www.englandcast.com/haunted-tudor-london-walk/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

As the nights get longer and spookier, there's one thing that's guaranteed to make our hair stand on end: corpses that just won't stay dead. Especially the ones interested in eating us. This week, Danièle speaks with John Blair about who refused to rest in peace in the Middle Ages, how medieval people attempted to keep the dead buried, and why some hauntings reached epidemic proportions.You can support this podcast on Patreon - go to https://www.patreon.com/medievalists

Magical realism in Japan.Support the network and gain access to over fifty bonus episodes by becoming a patron on ⁠Patreon⁠.Want more science fiction in your life? Check out ⁠The Gene Wolfe Literary Podcast⁠.Love Neil Gaiman? Join us on ⁠Hanging Out With the Dream King: A Neil Gaiman Podcast⁠.Lovecraft? Poe? Check out ⁠Elder Sign: A Weird Fiction Podcast⁠.Trekker? Join us on ⁠Lower Decks: A Star Trek Podcast⁠.Want to know more about the Middle Ages? Subscribe to ⁠Agnus: The Late Antique, Medieval, and Byzantine Podcast⁠.

This week's case comes from way back in the 1400s. It's a story about a boy surrounded by extreme violence. He returned to his home in Romania to find his family brutally slaughtered. Listen to this week's episode to hear about the horrific acts of violence committed by Vlad III aka Vlad the Impaler. Sources:The German (Saxon) Pamphlets (1460s–1480s) — Printed in Nuremberg & Lübeck, these woodcut pamphlets spread the legend of Vlad's atrocities across Europe, including tales of boiling, mutilations, and the infamous “forest of the impaled.”The Russian Chronicle / “Skazanie o Drakule voevode” (late 15th century) — A Slavic narrative of Vlad's reign, sympathetic to him as a strong ruler against the Ottomans, but still full of detailed executions.Laonikos Chalkokondyles, Histories (1490s) — A Byzantine historian who described Vlad's campaigns and cruelty, especially the confrontation with Sultan Mehmed II.Ottoman chronicles (including accounts by Tursun Beg) — Recorded Vlad's wars with the empire and the shock at his use of mass impalement.Radu R. Florescu & Raymond T. McNally, Dracula: Prince of Many Faces (Little, Brown & Co., 1989) — Classic modern history blending the fact and legend of Vlad III.Elizabeth Miller, Dracula: Sense & Nonsense (Desert Island Books, 2000) — Separates Bram Stoker's fictional Count from the historical Vlad.Matei Cazacu, Dracula (Tallandier, 2004; English translation, Brill, 2017) — A comprehensive biography from a Romanian historian, with close readings of chronicles.Constantin Rezachevici, Vlad the Impaler (Dracula): Between Legend and History (Romanian Academy, 2002) — Focuses on Vlad's reign in Wallachia and his political strategies.Florin Curta, Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250 (Cambridge University Press, 2006) — Broader context of Wallachia and Ottoman frontier politics.National Museum of Romanian History (Bucharest) — Exhibits on Vlad III and Wallachian history.“The Impaler Prince: Vlad III Dracula” — Smithsonian Magazine, Oct 2011.“Vlad the Impaler: The Real Dracula” — History Extra (BBC History), Oct 2020.

fWotD Episode 3100: 1858 Bradford sweets poisoning Welcome to featured Wiki of the Day, your daily dose of knowledge from Wikipedia's finest articles.The featured article for Thursday, 30 October 2025, is 1858 Bradford sweets poisoning.In 1858 a batch of sweets in Bradford, England, was accidentally adulterated with poisonous arsenic trioxide. About five pounds (two kilograms) of sweets were sold to the public, leading to around 20 deaths and over 200 people suffering the effects of arsenic poisoning.The adulteration of food had been practised in Britain since before the Middle Ages, but from 1800, with increasing urbanisation and the rise in shop-purchased food, adulterants became a growing problem. With the cost of sugar high, replacing it with substitutes was common. For the sweets produced in Bradford, the confectioner was supposed to purchase powdered gypsum, but a mistake at the wholesale chemist meant arsenic was purchased instead.Three men were arrested—the chemist who sold the arsenic, his assistant, and the sweet maker—but all three were acquitted after the judge decided it was all accidental and there was no case for any of them to answer. The deaths led to the Adulteration of Food or Drink Act 1860, although the legislation was criticized for being too ambiguous and the penalties for breaching it too low to act as a deterrent. The deaths were also a factor in the passage of the Pharmacy Act 1868.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:48 UTC on Thursday, 30 October 2025.For the full current version of the article, see 1858 Bradford sweets poisoning on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm generative Stephen.

This week on Crack the Book marks a jarring shift in tone — and in time. After months steeped in medieval imagination, we start there with Niccolò Machiavelli and end firmly in the Enlightenment with Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Their works, The Prince (1513) and The Social Contract (1762), straddle that uneasy moment when faith and hierarchy gave way to “rational” thinking. And wow, does it sound different. I didn't realize how accustomed my ear had become to the older world until now.First up, The Prince. I had only known it practically caricatured as a manual for ruthless rulers. Instead, I found that Machiavelli offers sharp, almost Aristotelian observations on how power works. Writing amid the chaos of Renaissance Italy — with popes, princes, and mercenaries vying for control — he tries to help leaders (well, Lorenzo di Medici) survive reality, not reinvent it. His advice is startlingly pragmatic: if you must be cruel, do it swiftly; keep the people's goodwill by leaving their money and families alone; and above all, don't be hated. Virtue matters less than the appearance of virtue — but even so, he respects human nature enough to work with it rather than against it. For someone with such a bad reputation, he's refreshingly honest.Before we move to Rousseau, I spend some time reviewing the Enlightenment: what it was, when it was, and how it changed thinking and therefore every other thing in the world! I think it's a necessary bridge between these two time periods and books.On to Rousseau. Two centuries and one worldview later, The Social Contract begins not with observation but with imagination: “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.” Rousseau builds an elaborate theory of how people ought to behave, then blames reality when they don't. His faith in reason and “natural goodness” feels detached from the messiness of human life that Machiavelli understood so well. And by the time he turns his ire on the Church in his final pages, the tone borders on bitter — foreshadowing the excesses of the French Revolution.After this week, I find myself mourning the grounded wisdom of the Middle Ages. Machiavelli may be cynical, but at least he's real. Rousseau feels like a man disappointed that humanity refuses to fit his theory.LINKTed Gioia/The Honest Broker's 12-Month Immersive Humanities Course (paywalled!)My Amazon Book List (NOT an affiliate link)CONNECTThe complete list of Crack the Book Episodes: https://cheryldrury.substack.com/p/crack-the-book-start-here?r=u3t2rTo read more of my writing, visit my Substack - https://www.cheryldrury.substack.com.Follow me on Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/cldrury/ LISTENSpotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5GpySInw1e8IqNQvXow7Lv?si=9ebd5508daa245bdApple Podcasts - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/crack-the-book/id1749793321 Captivate -

The "pact with the devil" is a cultural motif that keeps coming back in stories. The legend of Faust is a good example, but not the oldest: it took inspiration from other stories, such as the legend of Theophilus. In this episode, I tell you some of these stories. We will also discover the real, historical figures that inspired them (Theophilus, Johann Faust, Pope Sylvester II, Saemundr Sigfússon...), and the firm belief in the existence of such pacts, that were often invoked in witchcraft trials from the Middle Ages to the Seventeenth Century. As an example, I tell you the story of the Loudun Possessions, one of the last and most spectacular witchcraft trials in France. #sleep #bedtimestory #asmr #sleepstory #faust Welcome to Lights Out Library Join me for a sleepy adventure tonight. Sit back, relax, and fall asleep to documentary-style bedtime stories read in a calming ASMR voice. Learn something new while you enjoy a restful night of sleep. Listen ad free and get access to bonus content on our Patreon: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/LightsOutLibrary621⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Listen on Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@LightsOutLibraryov⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠   ¿Quieres escuchar en Español? Echa un vistazo a La Biblioteca de los Sueños! En Spotify: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/1t522alsv5RxFsAf9AmYfg⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ En Apple Podcasts: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/la-biblioteca-de-los-sue%C3%B1os-documentarios-para-dormir/id1715193755⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ En Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@LaBibliotecadelosSuenosov⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A couple of years ago, I asked the great military historian Richard Overy if World War Two had ended yet. Overy answered inconclusively, suggesting that wars were never really over. And such depressing wisdom is shared by Michael Livingston, a historian of another great war that shattered Europe - the Hundred Years War (1337–1453) between England and France. In his new book, Bloody Crowns, Livingston argues that Joan of Arc, Agincourt and the other now immortal iconography of the Hundred Years War shaped not just the histories of Britain and France but also the fate of the modern world. In fact, Livingston argues, the war was so consequential that it actually lasted two hundred years—and in some ways, still hasn't ended.* Wars Never Really End—They Just Change Shape The rivalry between England and France didn't stop in 1453—it went global, fueling centuries of colonial conflict across Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Today's geopolitical tensions (think Russia-Ukraine, Israel-Palestine) are similarly rooted in unresolved historical conflicts that keep resurfacing in new forms.* National Identity Is Forged in Conflict, Not Peace France and England as we know them were literally created by this war. The labels “French” and “English” became meaningful identities only through centuries of fighting. This mirrors how modern nations—from Ukraine to Taiwan—often solidify their national consciousness when facing external threats.* Myths Matter More Than Facts Joan of Arc and Agincourt became more powerful as symbols than as historical events. Britain invoked Agincourt before D-Day because national myths inspire action. Today's political movements similarly rely on mythologized pasts—whether America's “founding fathers” or any nation's “golden age”—to mobilize people in the present.* Rules of War Are Convenient Until They're Not Medieval knights praised chivalry and honor—then massacred prisoners when it suited them (like Henry V at Agincourt). This pattern repeats throughout history: international law, Geneva Conventions, and “rules-based order” are respected when convenient and ignored when survival or victory is at stake.* The “Dark Ages” Weren't Dark—We Just Can't Agree on What They Were Historians can't even agree when the Middle Ages began or ended, yet we use these labels to organize history. This matters today because how we periodize and label history shapes how we understand the present. Are we in a “new Cold War”? A “post-truth era”? These labels aren't neutral—they're arguments about what's happening now.Keen On America is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit keenon.substack.com/subscribe

How does code, like language, shape the way we see the world? How can we rediscover enchantment in our technology?? How can we determine the half-life of knowledge as we continue to learn and discover new things?Samuel Arbesman is a scientist in residence at Lux Capital, a fellow at Case Western School of Management, and the author of three books, The Magic of Code: How Digital Language Created and Connects Our World—and Shapes Our Future, Overcomplicated: Technology at the Limits of Comprehension, and The Half-Life of Facts: Why Everything We Know Has an Expiration Date.Greg and Samuel discuss Samuel's newest book, The Magic of Code, and how programming languages have evolved and continue to evolve over time. Samuel explores society's enchantment and disenchantment with technology, the evolution of programming languages, the intersection of computer science and humanities, and the ongoing shift towards more democratized software creation. They also go over Samuel's  earlier works, highlighting the temporary nature of facts and the continual necessity for adaptive learning in a rapidly evolving world.*unSILOed Podcast is produced by University FM.*Episode Quotes:Reenchanting technology through humanities 03:24: I think the larger perspective of the book [The Magic of Code] is to also recognize that, in addition to this wonder and delight, also recognizing that when we think about computing competition, it doesn't need to just be this branch of engineering or this thing of computer science. It really is this almost humanistic liberal art that, when you think about it properly, should connect to language and philosophy and biology and art and how we think and the nature of reality and all these different kinds of things. And for me, those are the windows and the lenses that allow us to actually kind of re-enchant, not even just computing, but in turn many aspects of our own lives, and hopefully can repair at least a little bit of that kind of broken relationship.On the magic of code06:31:  We actually have this weird information stuff that can actually work in the real world. That's amazing. And we should pause at least and say, wow, that really is incredible.Why democratizing software is powerful26:56: This idea of being able to democratize software creation is incredibly powerful. And actually, in going back to the analogy with magic, I mean, yes, in many of the tales of magic, it did require a great deal of effort. You had to apprentice, or you had to, I don't know, go to Hogwarts for seven years or whatever it is. But there also were stories of magic for everyone; there were spells that could be used by people if they, like in the Middle Ages, had lost their cattle and needed to recover it. And I think we need that same kind of thing in the software realm as well, which is, we need spells and code that can be used by everyone. And now, with this ability, it's unbelievable to see.Ideas are always in draft form53:41: A professor of mine, when I was in graduate school, told me this story. This was already after I had left grad school. He was telling me this story that he was teaching some course, came in on Tuesday, and gave a lecture on some topic. Then, the next day, he read a paper that invalidated the lecture he had given the day before. So he went in on Thursday and said, “Remember what I taught you on Tuesday? It's wrong. And if that bothers you, you need to get out of science.” And I think that kind of idea—that science, or what we know, is constantly in draft form—is a very powerful idea.Show Links:Recommended Resources:Max WeberDuneiPhone (1st generation)ChatGPTH. P. LovecraftFantasiaGuido van RossumLarry WallSapir–Whorf HypothesisList of Programming LanguagesBrainfuckFortranPerlVibe CodingRobin SloanVIC-20Pierre-Simon LaplaceVannevar BushDon R. SwansonLuis Walter AlvarezMarc BenioffThe Unaccountability MachineIsaac AsimovGuest Profile:Arbesman.netProfessional Profile for  LuxCapitaLinkedIn AccountSocial Profile on XGuest Work:Amazon Author PageThe Magic of Code: How Digital Language Created and Connects Our World—and Shapes Our FutureOvercomplicated: Technology at the Limits of ComprehensionThe Half-Life of Facts: Why Everything We Know Has an Expiration DateWired ArticlesSubstack - Cabinet of Wonders Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

When you imagine the city Rome, what comes to mind? Maybe the Colosseum, the Vatican, one of the largest empires in history, or delicious pasta? Rome isn't just Italy's capital; it's also one of the most influential cities in human history. In today's Thinking in English episode, we are going to take a journey through time, from the mythical founding of the city by Romulus and Remus, through the Roman Republic and Empire, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and finally to modern Rome. I'm not an expert on Italian history, but I loved researching this episode and I think this is such an interesting topic. You'll discover its myths, politics, art, and language, and of course learn plenty of useful English vocabulary along the way. Conversation Club - ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/thinkinginenglish⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2025/10/20/history-of-rome-english-vocabulary-lesson/ AD Free Episode - ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/thinkinginenglish⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Thinking in English Bonus Podcast -⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/collection/869866⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ YouTube Channel -⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@thinkinginenglishpodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠INSTAGRAM - thinkinginenglishpodcast (⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/thinkinginenglishpodcast/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Borough by Blue Dot Sessions Contact ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠advertising@airwavemedia.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to advertise on Thinking in English. Thinking in English is part of the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Airwave Media podcast network.⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In the last 13 days before Halloween, a different ShortHand will rise from the archives for 24 hours only – before disappearing back into the vault. Get exclusive access to every ShortHand episode ad free only on Amazon Music Unlimited.--Recorded under a full moon, RedHanded's guide to all things lycanthropic tells the whole hairy story: from Ancient Greek tales of curses, through the gruesome wolf trials of the Middle Ages, all the way through to whatever yassified teen-heartthrob vibe we've got going on nowadays. Exclusive bonus content:Wondery - Ad-free & ShortHandPatreon - Ad-free & Bonus EpisodesFollow us on social media:YouTubeTikTokInstagramVisit our website:WebsiteSources available on redhandedpodcast.comSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

This week Prof. Deborah Hayden, our Head here in the Dept. of Early Irish, Maynooth University, explains what it was like both to go the, or become a, doctor in medieval Ireland! Taking us through a chronological development from the early medico-legal texts through the surge in scientific writing in the later Middle Ages she explains everything from how to cure a broken heart and how much to pay for surgery to where medical knowledge came from and how much more we have to learn from the understudied corpus of Irish medical manuscripts.Further resources can be found here: https://leigheas.maynoothuniversity.ie/the-first-physicians-of-ireland/https://www.rte.ie/brainstorm/2019/1114/1010637-what-was-it-like-to-go-to-the-doctor-in-medieval-ireland/Regular episodes every two weeks (on a Friday)Email: medievalirishhistory@gmail.comProducer: Tiago Veloso SilvaSupported by Maynooth University, the Dept of Early Irish, the Dept of Music, the Dept of History, & Taighde Éireann/Research Ireland.Views expressed are the speakers' own.Logo design: Matheus de Paula CostaMusic: Lexin_Music

The letters stemming from the First Crusade are premier sources for understanding the launch, campaign, and aftermath of the expedition. Between 1095 and 1100, epistles sustained social relationships across the Mediterranean and within Europe, as a mixture of historical writing, literary invention, news, and theological interpretation. They served ecclesiastical administration, projected authority, and formed focal points for spiritual commemoration and para-liturgical campaigns. Rewriting the First Crusade: Epistolary Culture in the Middle Ages (Boydell & Brewer, 2024) by Dr. Thomas Smith, is grounded on extensive research into the original manuscripts, and presents numerous new manuscript witnesses. The book argues that some of the letters are post hoc “inventions”, composed by generations of scribe-readers who visited crusading sites from the twelfth century on, adding new layers of meaning in the form of interpolations and post-scripts. Drawing upon this new understanding, and blurring the distinction of epistolary “reality”, it rewrites central aspects of the history of the First Crusade, considering the documents in a new way: as markers of enthusiasm and support for the crusade movement among monastic clergy, who copied and consumed them as a form of scribal crusading. Whether authentic letters or literary “confections”, they functioned as communal sites for the celebration, commemoration and memorialisation of the expedition. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

The letters stemming from the First Crusade are premier sources for understanding the launch, campaign, and aftermath of the expedition. Between 1095 and 1100, epistles sustained social relationships across the Mediterranean and within Europe, as a mixture of historical writing, literary invention, news, and theological interpretation. They served ecclesiastical administration, projected authority, and formed focal points for spiritual commemoration and para-liturgical campaigns. Rewriting the First Crusade: Epistolary Culture in the Middle Ages (Boydell & Brewer, 2024) by Dr. Thomas Smith, is grounded on extensive research into the original manuscripts, and presents numerous new manuscript witnesses. The book argues that some of the letters are post hoc “inventions”, composed by generations of scribe-readers who visited crusading sites from the twelfth century on, adding new layers of meaning in the form of interpolations and post-scripts. Drawing upon this new understanding, and blurring the distinction of epistolary “reality”, it rewrites central aspects of the history of the First Crusade, considering the documents in a new way: as markers of enthusiasm and support for the crusade movement among monastic clergy, who copied and consumed them as a form of scribal crusading. Whether authentic letters or literary “confections”, they functioned as communal sites for the celebration, commemoration and memorialisation of the expedition. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/intellectual-history

The letters stemming from the First Crusade are premier sources for understanding the launch, campaign, and aftermath of the expedition. Between 1095 and 1100, epistles sustained social relationships across the Mediterranean and within Europe, as a mixture of historical writing, literary invention, news, and theological interpretation. They served ecclesiastical administration, projected authority, and formed focal points for spiritual commemoration and para-liturgical campaigns. Rewriting the First Crusade: Epistolary Culture in the Middle Ages (Boydell & Brewer, 2024) by Dr. Thomas Smith, is grounded on extensive research into the original manuscripts, and presents numerous new manuscript witnesses. The book argues that some of the letters are post hoc “inventions”, composed by generations of scribe-readers who visited crusading sites from the twelfth century on, adding new layers of meaning in the form of interpolations and post-scripts. Drawing upon this new understanding, and blurring the distinction of epistolary “reality”, it rewrites central aspects of the history of the First Crusade, considering the documents in a new way: as markers of enthusiasm and support for the crusade movement among monastic clergy, who copied and consumed them as a form of scribal crusading. Whether authentic letters or literary “confections”, they functioned as communal sites for the celebration, commemoration and memorialisation of the expedition. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/european-studies

How to understand you eat too much salt? Eating too much salt is very dangerous for your health. How much is too much? We'll answer this tricky question and show you the 9 clear signs that you need to quit salt immediately. HISTORY OF SALT Salt has been an essential element of human and animal diet for centuries. Salt served as a currency in many countries, and people literally got into fights over it. In the Middle Ages, it was sometimes called “white gold” because it was incredibly expensive. Salt has been such an important part of life it has a big place in literature and culture of many nations. It is still a tradition to greet guests with bread and salt in many countries. Some popular cities would not be what they are without salt. Venice, for example, became economically developed thanks to its salt monopoly. Salzburg, which we know as the city of Mozart and “The Sound of Music” translates from German as “salt castle.” There, salt mines were turned into tourist attractions. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In the Middle Ages, theologians said there are different forms of gluttony—that you can eat and drink excessively, sumptuously, daintily, or impulsively. Technically, gluttony means to eat and drink immoderately. But gluttony also tells us something about each of us. Gluttony is taking something good and then cramming it in until we're sick of it. Our desires are disordered so that good and necessary things become cravings. Sin, in other words, makes us all addicted to something. We all crave something, and we do it in such a way that it is very, very bad for us. Let's look at three things this Scripture teaches us about craving: 1) the depth of our craving, 2) the structure of our craving, and 3) the healing. This sermon was preached by Dr. Timothy Keller at Redeemer Presbyterian Church on March 5, 1995. Series: The Seven Deadly Sins. Scripture: Joshua 7:19-26, Hosea 2:13-15. Today's podcast is brought to you by Gospel in Life, the site for all sermons, books, study guides and resources from Timothy Keller and Redeemer Presbyterian Church. If you've enjoyed listening to this podcast and would like to support the ongoing efforts of this ministry, you can do so by visiting https://gospelinlife.com/give and making a one-time or recurring donation.

Warning: this episode contains explicit language.Medieval people weren't prudish—far from it. Dan is joined by medieval historian Dr Eleanor Janega to explore sex, marriage, and desire in the Middle Ages. They delve into the beliefs around sodomy as “non-procreative sex”; pilgrimages as raucous release valves, raunchy art and love spells. They'll look at sex habits among the different classes, queer lives in monasteries, widows' freedoms, abortion, STIs, and the risks of childbirth, and what purgatory had in store for the lustful. Along the way, they bust myths from chastity belts to teenage brides. A funny, frank, evidence-packed tour of how people got down—then worried about their souls.Produced by James Hickmann and edited by Matthew Wilson and Dougal Patmore.Sign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe.We'd love to hear your feedback - you can take part in our podcast survey here: https://insights.historyhit.com/history-hit-podcast-always-on.You can also email the podcast directly at ds.hh@historyhit.com. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In the dark forests of the Middle Ages – and the modern stories we tell about it – lurks a powerful, beautiful predator. Sometimes big and bad, sometimes a figure of admiration, the medieval wolf was such a big part of English culture, that it found its way not just into stories, but into the language itself. This week, Danièle speaks with Elizabeth Marshall about where we find wolves in medieval sources, how early English writers saw them, and how wolves both add to – and steal – language.  You can support this podcast on Patreon - go to https://www.patreon.com/medievalists

Let’s delve into the life and times of the British Monarch that gave his name to the Jacobean Era (1603-25), King James I. This pivotal epoch helped shape the exploration and colonization of the North American Continent. E165. Check out the YouTube version of this episode at https://youtu.be/coL9Ys12nak which has accompanying visuals including maps, charts, timelines, photos, illustrations, and diagrams. Monarchy From the Middle Ages to Modernity by David Starkey (AudioBook) available at https://amzn.to/3HpwAYn ENJOY Ad-Free content, Bonus episodes, and Extra materials when joining our growing community on https://patreon.com/markvinet SUPPORT this channel by purchasing any product on Amazon using this FREE entry LINK https://amzn.to/3POlrUD (Amazon gives us credit at NO extra charge to you). Mark Vinet's HISTORICAL JESUS podcast at https://parthenonpodcast.com/historical-jesus Mark's TIMELINE video channel: https://youtube.com/c/TIMELINE_MarkVinet Website: https://markvinet.com/podcast Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/mark.vinet.9 X (Twitter): https://twitter.com/MarkVinet_HNA Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/denarynovels Mark's books: https://amzn.to/3k8qrGM Audio credit: Monarchy From the Middle Ages to Modernity by D. Starkey. Audio excerpts reproduced under the Fair Use (Fair Dealings) Legal Doctrine for purposes such as criticism, comment, teaching, education, scholarship, research and news reporting.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

How you walk doesn't just reflect your mood — it can actually shape it. Research shows that adjusting your stride can boost happiness, and even a short walk outside could be the smartest thing you do today. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141015143259.htm When it comes to spending money, one-size-fits-all advice doesn't work. Should you spend on experiences? Travel? Things? The truth is, the way money makes you happy depends on you. Joining me to explore this is Morgan Housel, partner at The Collaborative Fund, award-winning journalist, and author of The Art of Spending Money: Simple Choices for a Richer Life (https://amzn.to/4gxSGrd). He reveals how your spending choices can bring real joy — or quietly sabotage your happiness. History is full of stories we've all been told — and many of them are flat-out wrong. Did slaves build the pyramids? Was Pong the first video game? Were people in the Middle Ages dirty and unwashed? Not even close. My guest, Jo Hedwig Teeuwisse — better known as The Fake History Hunter — has been debunking false historical “facts” for more than 20 years. She's the author of Fake History: 101 Things that Never Happened (https://amzn.to/46tN7FC), and she's here to set the record straight. And finally, what's the real cost of a little white lie? You might think small lies are harmless, but science shows even tiny untruths can damage your health and relationships. I'll explain why honesty really is the best policy. https://research.nd.edu/news/32485-study-telling-fewer-lies-linked-to-better-health-relationships/ PLEASE SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS!!! INDEED: Get a $75 sponsored job credit to get your jobs more visibility at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://Indeed.com/SOMETHING⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ right now! DELL: Your new Dell PC with Intel Core Ultra helps you handle a lot when your holiday to-dos get to be…a lot. Upgrade today by visiting⁠⁠⁠ https://Dell.com/Deals⁠⁠⁠ QUINCE: Layer up this fall with pieces that feel as good as they look! Go to ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://Quince.com/sysk⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for free shipping on your order and 365 day returns! SHOPIFY: Shopify is the commerce platform for millions of businesses around the world! To start selling today, sign up for your $1 per month trial at⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ https://Shopify.com/sysk⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the Middle Ages, taxation was considered to be appropriate only as an extreme measure in times of emergency, and as a last resort. Kings were expected to subsist on revenues from their own private property.Original article: https://mises.org/mises-wire/why-taxes-were-so-hated-middle-ages

In 2013, a popular national TV host provoked a sharp reaction from Christian viewers when he asserted that much of the Bible is allegorical, meaning that the narratives of Adam and Eve, Noah, and Jonah are non-literal and symbolic. This is not how Christians have historically understood allegory. Even in the Middle Ages, when ingenious allegorical interpretation sometimes resulted in nonsense, Christians still approached the Bible with the conviction that it was literal and historical — they just thought they were finding additional symbolic or spiritual meanings. While the Lutheran Reformation reined in allegorical interpretation of the Bible, there is one divinely inspired allegory given in Scripture that stands alongside messianic prophecy and typology as an interpretive technique for opening the Old Testament. Whether or not St. Paul's example gives license to Lutherans to do allegory — that's debatable! Rev. Carl Roth, pastor of Grace Lutheran Church in Elgin, TX, joins Sarah to talk about the “Searching Scripture” feature in the October 2025 issue of the Lutheran Witness titled “Do Lutherans Do Allegory?” on selected passages from Genesis and Galatians. This year, “Searching Scripture” is themed “Opening the Old Testament” and will walk through ways that the Old Testament witnesses to Jesus Christ and His grace, mercy and peace, delivered through the holy Christian church. Follow along every month and search Scripture with us! Find online exclusives of the Lutheran Witness at witness.lcms.org and subscribe to the Lutheran Witness at cph.org/witness.

During the Middle Ages, taxation was considered to be appropriate only as an extreme measure in times of emergency, and as a last resort. Kings were expected to subsist on revenues from their own private property.Original article: https://mises.org/mises-wire/why-taxes-were-so-hated-middle-ages

Today we – and the Habsburgs – stride back on to the grand stage of European politics. Not with a titan of history or monarch whose long and fruitful reign resonates across the centuries, but with Friedrich III, better known as the Reichserzschlafmütze - the imperial arch sleepy head, Or perhaps more fittingly the imperial arch dawdler.He ruled from 1440 to 1493, a total of 53 years - the longest reign of any Holy (or unholy) Roman Emperors (bar Constantine VIII). And yet, is also the most derided of reigns. In 1878 the Historian Georg Voigt sneered: “He was not remotely capable of handling such far-reaching politics, leaving Bohemia to its own devices, the Hungarian throne dispute to the helpless queen dowager, Austria to the arrogant dynasts, and the mercenary and robber bands.” “His light, simple hair, his long face with little movement, and his sedate gait betrayed a sluggish, deliberate nature, to which any enthusiasm, indeed any excitement, was alien. His love of peace has been endlessly mocked, but it was based on a completely dull sense of manhood and honour. No prince was so easily consoled by such insolent and repeated insults.” End quote.Modern historians are kinder, praising his thorough education and dogged determination to preserve what was left of the majesty of the Holy Roman Emperors. But even they can't avoid calling him flabby, underhand and happy to sell out his friends and allies. Not exactly the kind of guy one wants to spend three or four episodes with. But this is history, not Hollywood. The nice guys do not usually win by yanking hard on the levers of destiny. More often than not tenacious men of low cunning, who weasel their way through, are the ones who are bringing the results.And results he did get. At the end of his reign, the empire had changed profoundly. The open constitution of the Middle Ages had given way to a denser and more structured organization.Why and how Friedrich III – despite all his many shortcomings - got to move the needle of German history is what we will look at over the next few weeks.The music for the show is Flute Sonata in E-flat major, H.545 by Carl Phillip Emmanuel Bach (or some claim it as BWV 1031 Johann Sebastian Bach) performed and arranged by Michel Rondeau under Common Creative Licence 3.0.As always:Homepage with maps, photos, transcripts and blog: www.historyofthegermans.comIf you wish to support the show go to: Support • History of the Germans PodcastFacebook: @HOTGPod Threads: @history_of_the_germans_podcastBluesky: @hotgpod.bsky.socialInstagram: history_of_the_germansTwitter: @germanshistoryTo make it easier for you to share the podcast, I have created separate playlists for some of the seasons that are set up as individual podcasts. they have the exact same episodes as in the History of the Germans, but they may be a helpful device for those who want to concentrate on only one season.

If you lived in 16th-century London, would you have any idea what was happening in Paris, Venice or Frankfurt? Well, yes, according to Joad Raymond Wren – and that news could reach you quicker than you might expect. Speaking to Ellie Cawthorne, Joad uncovers a complex network of communication operating across Europe between the end of the Middle Ages and the rise of modern mass media, from ambassadors' news bulletins to emerging postal services.  (Ad) Joad Raymond Wren is the author of The Great Exchange: Making the News in Early Modern Europe (Allen Lane, 2025). Buy it now from Amazon: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Great-Exchange-Making-Modern-Europe/dp/0241188539/?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_w=WiNnK&content-id=amzn1.sym.6b6d4bc1-013f-4684-8a3d-174e5cf88d17&pf_rd_p=6b6d4bc1-013f-4684-8a3d-174e5cf88d17&pf_rd_r=262-1509211-7609724&pd_rd_wg=Qidud&pd_rd_r=e40330ef-009c-40ff-9312-5510cb970586&ref_=aufs_ap_sc_dsk&tag=bbchistory045-21&ascsubtag=historyextra-social-histboty. The HistoryExtra podcast is produced by the team behind BBC History Magazine. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

How often did people bathe during the Middle Ages? Latest information about the Dallas ICE facility murders. How the Left was talking about ICE just ahead of the Dallas ICE shooting. California Democrat Governor Newsom's angry rhetoric about ICE bearing fruit? The imbalance of liberal/conservative guests on late-night talk shows is stunning and speaks volumes. Trudging through the cable news analysis just after the Dallas ICE shooting yesterday. New NASA astronauts. There's an ultimate frisbee golf league?? Jimmy Kimmel's record ratings. Kamala Harris heckled at her book signing event. Checking in on the fat bears in Alaska. Former FBI Director James Comey to be indicted? It's official: Antifa has become a target of the Trump administration, and actor Mark Ruffalo isn't happy about it. Rep. Thomas Massie (R-Ky.) is still trying to get Jeffrey Epstein answers. Senator Rand Paul (R-Ky.) is still chasing Dr. Anthony Fauci. Democrats on the perils of a shutdown. The Wall of Presidents debuts at the White House. Trump brings Marines into the Oval Office. Vice President JD Vance has a special moment with a kid in the crowd. Tylenol warned pregnant women about its product years ago. 00:00 Pat Gray UNLEASHED! 00:14 Pooping in the Middle Ages 02:32 Dallas ICE Shooter Identified 04:55 Democrats Before the Shooting 07:31 Gavin Newsom Continues his Political Rhetoric 10:33 JD Vance's Special Message for Democrats 12:16 MSNBC Defends the ICE Shooter? 13:10 CNN Doesn't Know the Motive of the ICE Shooter? 14:17 Weird Statement from Trey Gowdy 14:50 MSNBC Analyst on Shell Casing Messages 16:28 More of MSNBC on Dallas ICE Shooting 25:14 Who is the ICE Shooter? 27:37 Ilhan Omar is Mad at ICE Agents 32:45 Fat Five 50:54 Jimmy Kimmel's Massive Viewership upon his Return 53:47 Kamala Harris' Book Tour 56:25 James Comey Indicted! 59:33 Karoline Leavitt on ANTIFA 1:09:47 Chuck Todd on ANTIFA 1:12:08 Chris and Chuck Chat! 1:14:02 FLASHBACK: Mark Ruffalo on ANTIFA 1:17:39 Thomas Massie Talks about Trafficking 1:19:11 Thomas Massie on Jeffrey Epstein 1:25:20 Rand Paul is Still Pursuing Anthony Fauci 1:28:35 Montage of Democrats on Govt. Shutdown 1:31:26 Presidential Wall of Fame 1:32:19 Marine Corps Silent Drill Team 1:32:53 Trump Gives Drill Team Presidential Challenge Coins 1:33:52 JD Vance's Amazing Moment Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dana and David go deep on the 28-minute bathroom break David witness and why the restroom might be the best place to make friends. Plus fresh SNL reactions and why that show needs a reality-show. Then David recaps the Canelo vs. Crawford fight in Vegas surrounded by megastars, with a Charlie Sheen sighting. David drops a killer Jason Statham impression and the guys kick around what Trump's up to in the U.K. They finish off with the weird-news wave from “the first woman on Mars” to how comedians worked the Middle Ages. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

#LONDINIUM90AD: MICHAEL VLAHOS. FRIENDS OF HISTORY DEBATING SOCIETY. @MICHALIS_VLAHOS HEADLINE: From Dalmatia to Poland: Frontier Tensions, Roman Legacy, and the Danger of Miscalculation The discussion opens with Gaius (John Batchelor) in Londinium speaking to Germanicus (Michael Vlahos), who is in Dalmatia (the Dalmatian coast, modern Croatia), a frontier area of the former Roman Empire. Germanicus observes that this region, Ragusa, maintained its Roman continuity through the Middle Ages and was critical as it connected Italy and the Western Empire to Greece and the Eastern Empire. They reflect on Roman figures such as Augustus and Drusus(Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus), who fought in Germania. Drusus's son, Claudius, became a highly effective emperor who brought the empire to its maximal state, establishing Londinium. The conversation shifts to modern frontier tensions: the Russian probing of the Polish border using drones and warplanes, leading to NATO intervention and British assistance. Drawing on films like The Bedford Incident, they worry about accidental catastrophe due to miscalculation. Germanicus warns that tiny NATO states like the Baltics, driven by paranoia and insecurity, are acting "spasmodically and irresponsibly" and that the United Kingdom is acting like a "rogue state" aggressively pushing for conflict, creating a dangerous situation that could plunge Russia and the West into general war. 41 AD. CLAUDIUS BEGS

Exploring Saint-Lizier: Hidden Gem of the French Pyrenees In this episode of the Join Us in France Travel Podcast, host Annie Sargent and co-host Elyse Rivin take you to the charming village of Saint-Lizier in the Ariège, nestled in the foothills of the French Pyrenees. Saint-Lizier is officially one of the “Plus Beaux Villages de France” and offers visitors a rare combination of Roman heritage, medieval architecture, and Pyrenean landscapes. Annie and Elyse walk you through the highlights, from the ancient Roman walls that still encircle the village to the Cathedral of Saint-Lizier and its cloister, along with the impressive Notre-Dame-de-la-Sède Cathedral. Both sites feature remarkable Romanesque frescoes that speak to the town's religious importance in the Middle Ages. The episode also explores the Diocesan Museum, home to centuries of religious art, and the unforgettable apothecary, where shelves lined with jars and wooden cabinets transport you back to a time when medicine was practiced very differently. Beyond history, Annie and Elyse highlight the natural beauty of the Pyrenees, with its sweeping views, rolling hills, and opportunities for hiking and exploring nearby towns. If you're planning a trip to Occitanie or want to go beyond the well-trodden paths of Paris and Provence, this episode is your Saint-Lizier travel guide. You'll hear practical tips on how to get there, how much time to spend, and why this small town deserves a place on your French itinerary.