Podcast appearances and mentions of jenna jambeck

Learning about regenerative farming at Rodale Institute, and Jenna Jambeck from UGA with efforts to address plastic waste

Vocabulary trivia about birds, calls, and Jenna Jambeck from UGA with efforts to address plastic waste

Today we are rebroadcasting our mega plastic episode. We're replaying this episode now because we just found out that one of the people we interviewed for this episode, Dr. Jenna Jambeck, was named as one of the 25 MacArthur Genius Grant recipients for 2022. This is a really big honor! We have a lot planned in the next few weeks. Stay tuned for an episode with Weird But True author Julie Beer about all sorts of animal trivia. And then – our episode about rats. As part of that episode, we'll speak with historian Monica Green about the black death. But for now, we hope you learn a lot and gets lots of great ideas after hearing from Dr. Jambeck and our other guests about plastic pollution.  

During our recent Ocean Adventure season, we talked about some very awesome and unique creatures and plants that live in the ocean. One thing that any animal lover (or anyone living on earth) needs to learn more about is how to stop plastic pollution. Plastic pollution not only hurts ocean life, but it hurts the whole earth. So I am sharing my podfriend Cool Facts About Animals, a podcast by kids for kids! This is their episode called “How Kids Can Stop Plastic Pollution.” I love how the kids talk to experts about everyday ways we can help! Since Peace Out is in between seasons right now, for updates follow us on social media, subscribe to the podcast on your app, and join our mailing list too  Subscribe to Cool Facts About Animals for more fun episodes about animals! From their original episode description: In this episode, we learn about how much plastic is in the ocean, why that's a problem for animals, how it all got there, and, most importantly, how you can help.   We talked to so many experts to make this episode. Thank you to: Senator Jeff Merkley Dr. Jenna Jambeck, University of Georgia Christopher Joyce, NPR Rachel Giles, Chelsea Rochman's lab Shaye DiPasquale, Terracycle David Clark, Amcor   We have a lot of show notes on this one:   Want to do a waste audit? Here's the link to the waste audit Rachel mentioned: https://rochmanlab.com/waste-audit/   Here's a link to Terracycle's website, where you can figure out what to collect and recycle: https://www.terracycle.com/en-US/   Learn more about Senator Merkley's Break Free from Plastic Act: https://www.breakfreefromplastic.org/pollution-act/   Don't know whether it's recyclable? Check out: http://recycleornot.org   And be sure to download the Marine Debris Tracker app: https://debristracker.org   Please let us know what steps you're taking to battle plastic pollution and we can share our progress together! Send us an email at coolfactsaboutanimals@gmail.com or tweet us at @coolanimalspod   Spread the word about this episode! The more kids helping, the more of a difference we can make.  

报告：美国是全球塑料垃圾最大来源国| “Deluge of Plastic Waste”: US is World's Biggest Plastic PolluterThe US is the world's biggest culprit in generating plastic waste and the country urgently needs a new strategy to curb the vast amount of plastic that ends up in the oceans, a new report submitted to the federal government has found.据一份提交给美国联邦政府的新报告，美国是全世界塑料垃圾的最大来源国。报告认为，美国亟需制定新战略来遏制污染海洋的大量塑料垃圾。The advent of cheap, versatile plastics has created “a global scale deluge of plastic waste seemingly everywhere we look”, the report states, with the US a leading contributor of disposable plastics that ends up entangling and choking marine life, harming ecosystems and bringing harmful pollution up through the food chain.报告指出，廉价又用途广泛的塑料造成了“全球范围内随处可见塑料垃圾泛滥的景象”。其中，一次性塑料制品会缠绕海洋生物，导致其窒息，危害生态系统，在食物链中向上传播有害污染，而美国则是“贡献”一次性塑料制品最多的国家。Plastic waste has increased sharply in the US since 1960, with the country now generating about 42m metric tons of plastic waste a year, amounting to about 130kg of waste for every person in America. This total is more than all European Union member countries combined. The overall amount of municipal waste created in the US is also two to eight times greater than comparable countries around the world, the report found.从上世纪60年代起，美国的塑料垃圾开始急剧增加。现在美国每年大约会产生4200万公吨塑料垃圾，这意味着每个美国人平均一年产生130千克塑料垃圾。美国一年产生的塑料垃圾总量比所有欧盟国家的垃圾总和加起来还要多。报告发现，与其他体量相当的国家相比，美国产生的城市垃圾总量也要多出2到8倍。Recycling infrastructure has failed to keep pace with the huge growth in American plastic production. Littering, dumping and inefficient waste disposal in landfills has caused up to 2.2m tons of plastic – including everything from plastic bottles and straws to packaging – to “leak” into the environment each year. The total waste may be even greater than this due to data gaps in tracking it.美国回收基础设施的处理能力已经跟不上美国塑料垃圾增长的速度。乱丢垃圾、垃圾倾倒和垃圾填埋场对垃圾的低效处理每年导致包括塑料瓶、塑料吸管和塑料包装在内的220万吨塑料垃圾“泄露”到环境中。由于追踪数据存在漏洞，实际总量甚至可能比这个数字还要大。 Much of this plastic ends up, via rivers and streams, in the world's oceans.很多塑料垃圾最后都经由河流进入了世界各大海洋。Worldwide, at least 8.8m tons of plastic waste enters the marine environment each year, the equivalent of dumping a garbage truck filled with plastic into the ocean every single minute. If current trends continue, scientists have estimated this total could leap to 53m tons annually by 2030, which is roughly half of the weight of all fish caught from the oceans globally each year.在世界范围内，每年至少有880万吨塑料垃圾进入海洋环境，相当于每分钟就有一卡车的塑料垃圾倾倒进海洋。如果当前这种趋势持续下去，科学家预计到2030年每年塑料垃圾总量将达到5300万吨，这大约相当于全球每年从海洋捕捞的所有鱼类重量的一半。"Plastic waste is an environmental and social crisis that the US needs to affirmatively address from source to sea,” said Margaret Spring, chief conservation and science officer at Monterey Bay Aquarium. Spring chaired a committee of experts who compiled the congressionally mandated report for the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.蒙特利湾水族馆的首席环保科学官玛格丽特·斯普林表示：“塑料垃圾是美国需要积极处理的一个环境和社会危机，涉及从源头到海洋各环节。”斯普林是编撰这一国会授权报告的专家委员会领头人。该报告为美国国家科学、工程和医学研究院撰写。The committee's report recommends that a new national strategy is required by the end of next year to stem the flow of plastics into the ocean. The strategy, the report states, should aim to slash plastic production, particularly for plastics not reusable or recyclable, help promote alternative materials that can be reused and set better standards for waste collection and capture.报告建议，美国明年年底前应出台一项新国家战略来阻止塑料垃圾流入海洋。报告指出，这一战略的目标应该是大量减少塑料生产，尤其是不可再利用或不可回收的塑料，推进可重复利用替代材料的研发和生产，并为垃圾收集和捕获制定更高标准。 The US, along with many other developed countries, used to outsource its waste problem by shipping plastics to China but these imports were halted by the Chinese in 2018. This has led to an increase in plastic waste sent to other countries, such as Vietnam and Thailand, as well as “recycled” plastic being burned in domestic landfills unable to cope with the sheer volume of waste.过去，美国和许多其他发达国家一样将塑料垃圾运到中国，将垃圾问题外包，但中国从2018年开始停止进口“洋垃圾”。结果美国不得不将更多塑料垃圾运往越南、泰国等其他国家，或者将“已回收”塑料在无力处理海量垃圾的国内垃圾填埋场焚烧。"There is an urgency to the issue because production is increasing, waste generation is increasing and therefore leakage impacts have the potential to increase too,” said Jenna Jambeck, a member of the scientific committee behind the report.撰写报告的科学委员会成员詹娜·詹贝克表示：“这个问题亟待解决，因为塑料生产持续增加，产生的塑料垃圾也越来越多，垃圾泄露到环境中的影响也会因此加深。”重点词汇：culprit英 [ˈkʌlprɪt]；美[ˈkʌlprɪt] n. 罪魁祸首；罪犯；肇事者；引起问题的事物deluge英 [ˈdeljuːdʒ]；美[ˈdeljuːdʒ] n. 暴雨；洪水；涌现的事物；蜂拥而至的事物vt. 使涌来；使充满；泛滥；淹没municipal英 [mjuːˈnɪsɪpl]；美[mjuːˈnɪsɪpl] adj. 市政的；地方政府的affirmatively英[ə'fə:mə'tivli]；美[ə'fə:mə'tivli/]adv. 肯定地；断然地aquarium英 [əˈkweəriəm]；美[əˈkweriəm] n. 养鱼缸；水族玻璃槽；水族馆

Our plastic episode is here! In this episode, we learn about how much plastic is in the ocean, why that's a problem for animals, how it all got there, and, most importantly, how you can help. We talked to so many experts to make this episode. Thank you to: Senator Jeff Merkley Dr. Jenna Jambeck, University of Georgia Christopher Joyce, NPR Rachel Giles, Chelsea Rochman's lab Shay DiPasquale, Terracycle David Clark, Amcor Thank you also to our fabulous editor, Eric Klein. If you need editing help, send him an email at e.c.klein@gmail.com Thank you to Andrew Barkan of Ear Snacks for our theme music. Thank you also to our Patreon sponsors who made this possible! We really appreciate you! We have a lot of show notes on this one: Want to do a waste audit? Here's the link to the waste audit Rachel mentioned: https://rochmanlab.com/waste-audit/ Here's a link to Terracycle's website, where you can figure out what to collect and recycle: https://www.terracycle.com/en-US/ Learn more about Senator Merkley's Break Free from Plastic Act: https://www.breakfreefromplastic.org/pollution-act/ Don't know whether it's recyclable? Check out: http://recycleornot.org And be sure to download the Marine Debris Tracker app: https://debristracker.org Please let us know what steps you're taking to battle plastic pollution and we can share our progress together! Send us an email at coolfactsaboutanimals@gmail.com or tweet us at @coolanimalspod Spread the word about this episode! The more kids helping, the more of a difference we can make.

In the first episode of our season focused on plastic waste, we look at this global problem and how we'll need to shift our thinking if we hope to solve it. Jenna Jambeck, one of the world's most trusted experts on plastic waste, highlights the scale and sources of marine plastics and talks with Audrey Choi, Morgan Stanley's Chief Sustainability Officer and Chief Marketing Officer, about the systems approach required to address it.Audrey also talks with David Edwards, an inventor and Professor of Practice of Bioengineering at Harvard's Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, who delves into his process for developing new food products and the hurdles he's encountered bringing ideas to market. His company, Incredible Foods, aims to reduce packaging waste by creating a natural skin barrier to wrap foods like hummus or yogurt berries. DisclaimerThe guest speakers are neither employees nor affiliated with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC. (“Morgan Stanley”). The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of Morgan Stanley. The information and data contained herein has been obtained from sources outside of Morgan Stanley and Morgan Stanley makes no representations or guarantees as to the accuracy or completeness of information or data from sources outside of Morgan Stanley. Morgan Stanley is not responsible for the information or data contained in this podcast.This podcast does not provide individually tailored investment advice and is not a solicitation of any offer to buy or sell any security or other financial instrument or to participate in any trading strategy. It has been prepared without regard to the individual financial circumstances and objectives of persons who receive it.© 2021 Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC. Members SIPC. CRC #3546550 4/2021

TEXT: Plastic bottles lying in the gutter. Grocery bags tangled in branches. Food wrappers scuttling across the ground on a windy day. Although such examples of litter easily come to mind, they only hint at the serious and growing problem of plastic pollution — a problem mostly hidden from view. The problem with plastics is they do not easily degrade. They may break down, but only into smaller pieces. The smaller those pieces get, the more places they can go. Many pieces wind up at sea. Tiny bits of plastic float throughout the world's oceans. They wash up on remote islands. They collect in sea ice thousands of kilometers from the nearest city. They even meld with rock, creating a whole new material. Some scientists have proposed calling it plastiglomerate. Exactly how much plastic is out there remains a mystery. Scientists are hard at work trying to find out. So far, though, experts haven't found as much plastic floating in the oceans as they expected. All that missing plastic is worrisome, because the smaller a plastic bit becomes, the more likely it will make its way into a living thing, whether a tiny plankton or an enormous whale. And that may spell some real trouble. INTO THE SOUP [5]Plastics are used to make countless everyday products — from bottles to auto bumpers, from homework folders to flowerpots. In 2012, 288 million metric tons (317.5 million short tons) of plastic were produced worldwide. Since then, that amount has only grown. Just how much of that plastic winds up in the oceans remains unknown: Scientists estimate about 10 percent does. And one recent study suggests as much as 8 million metric tons (8.8 million short tons) of plastic wound up in the ocean in 2010 alone. How much plastic is that? “Five plastic bags filled with plastic for every foot of coastline in the world,” says Jenna Jambeck. She's the researcher from the University of Georgia, in Athens, who led the new study. It was published February 13 in Science. Of those millions of tons, as much as 80 percent had been used on land. So how did it get into the water? Storms washed some plastic litter into streams and rivers. These waterways then carried much of the trash downstream to the sea. The other 20 percent of plastic ocean trash enters the water directly. This debris includes fishing lines, nets and other items lost at sea, dumped overboard or abandoned when they become damaged or are no longer needed. Once in the water, not all plastics behave the same way. The most common plastic PET — is used to make water and soft-drink bottles. Unless filled with air, these bottles sink. This makes PET pollution tough to track. That's especially true if the bottles have drifted to the ocean depths. Most other types of plastic, however, bob along the surface. It's these types — used in milk jugs, detergent bottles and Styrofoam — that make up the abundance of floating plastic trash. QUESTIONS: Summerise the article in your own words What is the main purpose of paragraph 1? In your opinion, are people aware of this problem? What are some potential solutions you could foresee for solving this plastic problem? Let's connect: https://linktr.ee/aliceconte --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/alice679/message

TEXT: Plastic bottles lying in the gutter. Grocery bags tangled in branches. Food wrappers scuttling across the ground on a windy day. Although such examples of litter easily come to mind, they only hint at the serious and growing problem of plastic pollution — a problem mostly hidden from view. The problem with plastics is they do not easily degrade. They may break down, but only into smaller pieces. The smaller those pieces get, the more places they can go. Many pieces wind up at sea. Tiny bits of plastic float throughout the world's oceans. They wash up on remote islands. They collect in sea ice thousands of kilometers from the nearest city. They even meld with rock, creating a whole new material. Some scientists have proposed calling it plastiglomerate. Exactly how much plastic is out there remains a mystery. Scientists are hard at work trying to find out. So far, though, experts haven't found as much plastic floating in the oceans as they expected. All that missing plastic is worrisome, because the smaller a plastic bit becomes, the more likely it will make its way into a living thing, whether a tiny plankton or an enormous whale. And that may spell some real trouble. INTO THE SOUP [5]Plastics are used to make countless everyday products — from bottles to auto bumpers, from homework folders to flowerpots. In 2012, 288 million metric tons (317.5 million short tons) of plastic were produced worldwide. Since then, that amount has only grown. Just how much of that plastic winds up in the oceans remains unknown: Scientists estimate about 10 percent does. And one recent study suggests as much as 8 million metric tons (8.8 million short tons) of plastic wound up in the ocean in 2010 alone. How much plastic is that? “Five plastic bags filled with plastic for every foot of coastline in the world,” says Jenna Jambeck. She's the researcher from the University of Georgia, in Athens, who led the new study. It was published February 13 in Science. Of those millions of tons, as much as 80 percent had been used on land. So how did it get into the water? Storms washed some plastic litter into streams and rivers. These waterways then carried much of the trash downstream to the sea. The other 20 percent of plastic ocean trash enters the water directly. This debris includes fishing lines, nets and other items lost at sea, dumped overboard or abandoned when they become damaged or are no longer needed. Once in the water, not all plastics behave the same way. The most common plastic PET — is used to make water and soft-drink bottles. Unless filled with air, these bottles sink. This makes PET pollution tough to track. That's especially true if the bottles have drifted to the ocean depths. Most other types of plastic, however, bob along the surface. It's these types — used in milk jugs, detergent bottles and Styrofoam — that make up the abundance of floating plastic trash. QUESTIONS: Summerise the article in your own words What is the main purpose of paragraph 1? In your opinion, are people aware of this problem? What are some potential solutions you could foresee for solving this plastic problem? Let's connect: https://linktr.ee/aliceconte --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/alice679/message

The New Year is a time for accountability and making commitments for healthier behavior in the year ahead, right? Well, then no better place to start the year than looking at the US’s new ranking as the #1 plastic polluter in the world. Not exactly a cause for celebration, but where there is culpability there is also opportunity for accountability. Listen in to hear UPSTREAM CEO Matt Prindiville talk with world-renowned scientists Jenna Jambeck, PhD and Kara Lavender Law, PhD about their latest findings – and what we can do about it.Resources mentioned in this episode: The United States’ contribution of plastic waste to land and oceanVideo of this episode.

你知道海洋垃圾問題有多嚴重嗎？美國喬治亞大學環境工程學系教授Jenna Jambeck研究團隊估算，每年全世界大約有480萬到1,270萬噸的塑膠進入海洋。這些塑膠廢棄物會到哪兒去呢？有部分可能會被海浪沖上岸，堆積在岸邊，有的可能持續在海上漂流，有更多可能就沉在海底。英國的諮詢機構Eunomia推估，進入海洋的垃圾有94%沉在海底。沉到海底，我們看不到，也就很少關心海底垃圾的問題。2020年10月，澄洋環境顧問公布台灣首次海底垃圾調查結果，西海岸的平均海底垃圾密度每平方公里超過12萬件，重量為102公斤，是全球平均密度的約1.5倍！ 澄洋環境顧問進行台灣首次海底垃圾調查，打撈上岸的部分海底垃圾照片，可見大部分垃圾為膜狀塑膠與纖維布料。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問） 澄洋環境顧問執行長顏寧說明，這次海底垃圾監測調查，是與前海生館館長、正修科技大學講座教授方力行進行的合作，在全台八處河口外海，採樣監測；這八條河口從北到南包括：淡水河、新屋溪、烏溪、線西水道、濁水溪、八掌溪、高屏溪、東港溪。從2019年10月開始，進行為期一年的研究，以網目5mm的「矩形底棲生物採樣器」，總共進行215次採集，蒐集近6,000件海底垃圾，其中有83.3%的採樣有收集到海底垃圾。 研究人員準備放下矩形底棲生物採樣器，採樣器之開口寬45公分，高20公分，網袋網目5mm。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問） 這些海底垃圾絕大多數都很難辨別出它前世的模樣，不過還是有一些例外，如在高屏溪口外海打撈出汽水鋁罐，從瓶底的日期可以推測應該是2005年前後製造出的垃圾，另外也有番茄醬包、便當盒等形狀較為完整的垃圾。 東港溪口外海樣站打撈上岸之海底垃圾，啤酒鋁罐、塑膠醬料碟等物品外貌依舊可辨。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問） 每個樣站採到的樣本會先經過清洗，分類並計數、秤重。研究團隊參考聯合國技術文件，將海底垃圾先分成塑膠、纖維布料、金屬、紙類、橡膠、玻璃、加工木料、加工礦物等八大類，其中塑膠又再細分為發泡塑膠、硬塑膠、膜狀塑膠、跟塑膠原料等四類。 將底棲生物採樣器拉上船後，研究人員立刻將網袋中的物品置於清洗籃中，將污泥稍作清洗。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問） 研究人員使用鑷子，小心翼翼夾取海底垃圾，進行分類。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問） 研究結果顯示，台灣西海岸平均海底垃圾密度為每平方公里121,074件，重量102公斤，以同樣單位面積相比，日本東京灣66.6公斤、韓國31至73公斤、中國沿海15.9公斤，台灣西海岸密度明顯高於東亞鄰近國家，為全球平均密度的近1.5倍。顏寧表示，推測是台灣西海岸區域人口最為稠密，因此累積相當多的生活垃圾，從河川一路流到海底。 淡水河口外海打撈上岸的海底垃圾，纖維布料的數量較平均值高。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問） 如果以垃圾種類區分，此次調查發現58%垃圾為纖維布料，推測來自漁網、扁紗編織袋（如米袋、飼料袋、砂石袋等），另外有33%為膜狀塑膠，可能來自塑膠包裝。多數漁網與布料纖維密度大於海水，而比海水輕的塑膠袋和塑膠膜，容易因長時間在海水中漂浮，造成細菌與藻類等生物附著而抵銷浮力，沉入海底。根據海保署2019年統計海底垃圾清理量，西海岸清出的漁網量將近60噸，為海廢垃圾最主要項目。 彰化外海的海底垃圾，照片右下方約四分之一區塊為纖維布料，其他幾乎都為膜狀塑膠。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問） 若將八處河口外海分開觀察，在海底垃圾的種類組成比例上亦有些許差異，北部的淡水河、新屋溪口外海纖維布料的比例分別為75%與77%，皆明顯高於平均值；另外中部的烏溪、線西水道、濁水溪口外海，膜狀塑膠的比例也都有五成左右，亦高於平均許多。另外，研究也發現，某淡水河口外海樣站，打撈上岸的海底垃圾竟然比底棲生物還要多。方力行教授表示，很多底棲生物與海洋垃圾交互影響，有些垃圾變成底棲生物可利用的空間，但有時也會喧賓奪主，與底棲生物競爭空間。 淡水河口外海樣站打撈上來的底棲生物，數量竟然比垃圾還要少。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問） 面對這樣的結果，我們不禁想問，該怎麼處理海底垃圾問題呢？是否要派潛水員到海底清理，還是要期待有廠商開發出海底版的掃地機器人？海洋的平均深度將近3,800公尺，因此除非有潛水艇或水下無人載具，否難很難清理海底垃圾。但就算是沿海近海區域，海水深度可以讓潛水員潛水打撈，但是潛水費用高昂，危險性高，可能事倍功半。因此顏寧執行長呼籲，我們一開始就不要讓垃圾進入海裡，透過長期監測，搭配適當政策如限塑、淨灘、攔截河川垃圾、推動漁業用具回收等，從陸上源頭減量，才是解決之道。本集節目邀請澄洋環境顧問執行長顏寧分享這次台灣西海岸海底垃圾監測之調查結果，您也不妨思考一下，該如何解決海底垃圾問題！ 澄洋環境顧問執行長顏寧進行海岸廢棄物調查。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問）

你知道海洋垃圾問題有多嚴重嗎？美國喬治亞大學環境工程學系教授Jenna Jambeck研究團隊估算，每年全世界大約有480萬到1,270萬噸的塑膠進入海洋。這些塑膠廢棄物會到哪兒去呢？有部分可能會被海浪沖上岸，堆積在岸邊，有的可能持續在海上漂流，有更多可能就沉在海底。英國的諮詢機構Eunomia推估，進入海洋的垃圾有94%沉在海底。沉到海底，我們看不到，也就很少關心海底垃圾的問題。2020年10月，澄洋環境顧問公布台灣首次海底垃圾調查結果，西海岸的平均海底垃圾密度每平方公里超過12萬件，重量為102公斤，是全球平均密度的約1.5倍！ 澄洋環境顧問進行台灣首次海底垃圾調查，打撈上岸的部分海底垃圾照片，可見大部分垃圾為膜狀塑膠與纖維布料。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問） 澄洋環境顧問執行長顏寧說明，這次海底垃圾監測調查，是與前海生館館長、正修科技大學講座教授方力行進行的合作，在全台八處河口外海，採樣監測；這八條河口從北到南包括：淡水河、新屋溪、烏溪、線西水道、濁水溪、八掌溪、高屏溪、東港溪。從2019年10月開始，進行為期一年的研究，以網目5mm的「矩形底棲生物採樣器」，總共進行215次採集，蒐集近6,000件海底垃圾，其中有83.3%的採樣有收集到海底垃圾。 研究人員準備放下矩形底棲生物採樣器，採樣器之開口寬45公分，高20公分，網袋網目5mm。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問） 這些海底垃圾絕大多數都很難辨別出它前世的模樣，不過還是有一些例外，如在高屏溪口外海打撈出汽水鋁罐，從瓶底的日期可以推測應該是2005年前後製造出的垃圾，另外也有番茄醬包、便當盒等形狀較為完整的垃圾。 東港溪口外海樣站打撈上岸之海底垃圾，啤酒鋁罐、塑膠醬料碟等物品外貌依舊可辨。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問） 每個樣站採到的樣本會先經過清洗，分類並計數、秤重。研究團隊參考聯合國技術文件，將海底垃圾先分成塑膠、纖維布料、金屬、紙類、橡膠、玻璃、加工木料、加工礦物等八大類，其中塑膠又再細分為發泡塑膠、硬塑膠、膜狀塑膠、跟塑膠原料等四類。 將底棲生物採樣器拉上船後，研究人員立刻將網袋中的物品置於清洗籃中，將污泥稍作清洗。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問） 研究人員使用鑷子，小心翼翼夾取海底垃圾，進行分類。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問） 研究結果顯示，台灣西海岸平均海底垃圾密度為每平方公里121,074件，重量102公斤，以同樣單位面積相比，日本東京灣66.6公斤、韓國31至73公斤、中國沿海15.9公斤，台灣西海岸密度明顯高於東亞鄰近國家，為全球平均密度的近1.5倍。顏寧表示，推測是台灣西海岸區域人口最為稠密，因此累積相當多的生活垃圾，從河川一路流到海底。 淡水河口外海打撈上岸的海底垃圾，纖維布料的數量較平均值高。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問） 如果以垃圾種類區分，此次調查發現58%垃圾為纖維布料，推測來自漁網、扁紗編織袋（如米袋、飼料袋、砂石袋等），另外有33%為膜狀塑膠，可能來自塑膠包裝。多數漁網與布料纖維密度大於海水，而比海水輕的塑膠袋和塑膠膜，容易因長時間在海水中漂浮，造成細菌與藻類等生物附著而抵銷浮力，沉入海底。根據海保署2019年統計海底垃圾清理量，西海岸清出的漁網量將近60噸，為海廢垃圾最主要項目。 彰化外海的海底垃圾，照片右下方約四分之一區塊為纖維布料，其他幾乎都為膜狀塑膠。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問） 若將八處河口外海分開觀察，在海底垃圾的種類組成比例上亦有些許差異，北部的淡水河、新屋溪口外海纖維布料的比例分別為75%與77%，皆明顯高於平均值；另外中部的烏溪、線西水道、濁水溪口外海，膜狀塑膠的比例也都有五成左右，亦高於平均許多。另外，研究也發現，某淡水河口外海樣站，打撈上岸的海底垃圾竟然比底棲生物還要多。方力行教授表示，很多底棲生物與海洋垃圾交互影響，有些垃圾變成底棲生物可利用的空間，但有時也會喧賓奪主，與底棲生物競爭空間。 淡水河口外海樣站打撈上來的底棲生物，數量竟然比垃圾還要少。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問） 面對這樣的結果，我們不禁想問，該怎麼處理海底垃圾問題呢？是否要派潛水員到海底清理，還是要期待有廠商開發出海底版的掃地機器人？海洋的平均深度將近3,800公尺，因此除非有潛水艇或水下無人載具，否難很難清理海底垃圾。但就算是沿海近海區域，海水深度可以讓潛水員潛水打撈，但是潛水費用高昂，危險性高，可能事倍功半。因此顏寧執行長呼籲，我們一開始就不要讓垃圾進入海裡，透過長期監測，搭配適當政策如限塑、淨灘、攔截河川垃圾、推動漁業用具回收等，從陸上源頭減量，才是解決之道。本集節目邀請澄洋環境顧問執行長顏寧分享這次台灣西海岸海底垃圾監測之調查結果，您也不妨思考一下，該如何解決海底垃圾問題！ 澄洋環境顧問執行長顏寧進行海岸廢棄物調查。（照片提供：澄洋環境顧問）

Today’s episode is all about trash. What if every country had to deal with its own garbage instead of shipping it elsewhere? Did you know what trash is bought and sold on a global market? What would happen if that market was shut down? Guests: Dr. Ifesinachi Okafor-Yarwood — lecturer in sustainable development at the University of St. Andrews. Jim Puckett — founder and executive director of the Basel Action Network Dr. Jenna Jambeck — professor of environmental engineering at the University of Georgia Dr. Joshua Lepawsky — professor in the department of geography at Memorial University of Newfoundland James Wakibia — environmental activist in Kenya  Dr. Mustafa Santiago Ali — vice president for environmental justice, climate and community revitalization at the National Wildlife Federation → → → Further reading & resources here! ← ← ←  Flash Forward is hosted by, Rose Eveleth and produced by Julia Llinas Goodman. The intro music is by Asura and the outtro music is by Hussalonia. The episode art is by Matt Lubchansky. Get in touch:  Twitter // Facebook // Reddit // info@flashforwardpod.com Support the show: Patreon // Donorbox Subscribe: iTunes // Soundcloud // Spotify  Episode Sponsors:  Hello Fresh: Get fresh, pre-measured ingredients and mouthwatering seasonal recipes delivered right to your door. Go to HelloFresh.com/flashforward80 and use code flashforward80 to get $80 off including free shipping! Shaker & Spoon: A subscription cocktail service that helps you learn how to make hand-crafted cocktails right at home. Get $20 off your first box at shakerandspoon.com/ffwd. Tab for a Cause: A browser extension that lets you raise money for charity while doing your thing online. Whenever you open a new tab, you’ll see a beautiful photo and a small ad. Part of that ad money goes toward a charity of your choice! Join team Advice For And From The future by signing up at tabforacause.org/flashforward. Tavour: Tavour is THE app for fans of beer, craft brews, and trying new and exciting labels. You sign up in the app and can choose the beers you’re interested in (including two new ones DAILY) adding to your own personalized crate. Use code: flashforward for $10 off after your first order of $25 or more.  Purple Carrot: Purple Carrot is THE plant-based subscription meal kit that makes it easy to cook irresistible meals to fuel your body. Each week, choose from an expansive and delicious menu of dinners, lunches, breakfasts, and snacks! Get $30 off your first box by going to www.purplecarrot.com and entering code FLASH at checkout today! Purple Carrot, the easiest way to eat more plants! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Tackling Plastic Pollution (starts at 3:09):  It is, sadly, common for beachcombers around the world to see, along with clam shells and sand dollars, plastic bottles, bottle caps, cigaret filters and fish nets washed up on shore. According to estimates by World Economic Forum, our oceans will be populated by more pounds of plastic waste than fish by 2050. About a third of all plastic that is produced does not get properly collected; instead, much of it ends up floating in the ocean, or clogging the guts of innocent albatross, other birds and sea mammals. It could take 450 years, or forever, for plastic to completely biodegrade. Plastic waste just breaks down (photo-degrades) into tiny bits, causing harm to wildlife and, potentially, humans. How On Earth host Susan Moran and contributing host Jeff Burnside interview two guests who are working in different ways to assess the extent of the problem and its impacts, to educate people about it, and to effect positive change. Dr. Jenna Jambeck, an associate engineering professor at the University of Georgia, lead-authored a seminal paper in 2015 that estimated how much plastic waste is in the ocean. She will soon co-lead an all-female National Geographic expedition to study plastic pollution in India and Bangladesh.  Laura Parker is a staff writer at National Geographic magazine covering climate change and ocean environments. She won the Scripps Howard award for environmental reporting her June 2018 National Geographic cover article titled “Planet or Plastics?” Hosts: Susan Moran, Jeff Burnside Producer: Susan Moran Engineer: Evan Perkins Executive Producer: Joel Parker Listen to the show here:

Waste, trash, garbage – whatever you call it, unwanted materials have become a major presence in many of our lives and our environment. Every year it is estimated that humans around the world produce 2 billion metric tonnes of waste. Listener Clare from Devon in the UK wants to start tackling this herself. She would like to know if she can not just sort but process all her own recycling at home. Presenter Marnie Chesterton attempts to find out by asking the professionals. She heads out to an industrial-scale recycling plant to see if any of their gear could work in our homes, hears from reporter Chhavi Sachdev how waste collectors in Mumbai, India have to balance thrift with risk, and asks environmental engineer Jenna Jambeck whether she thinks solely domestic recycling is possible. (Image: Garbage bags with various bits of recycling, iron, paper and plastic. Credit: Getty Images)

In this episode, Anja calls up Dr. Jenna Jambeck and Amy Brooks from the University of Georgia on a research trip in Vietnam to learn about their research on waste management and plastic pollution. In many Asian countries, a booming economy is coupled with more and more people using throw-away items. Informal recyclers and waste pickers who have traditionally sorted the waste cannot keep up. But, like millions of people around the world, they depend on waste as a resource for their livelihoods. How can the systems be reformed without leaving the people behind? To find out more, Anja calls Dr. Sonia Maria Dias, a garbologist from Brazil, who tells her about how waste management should include the working poor. The Plastisphere is a research and interview podcast by German freelance journalist Anja Krieger. Transcript with links and pictures http://anjakrieger.com/plastisphere/2018/10/06/ep-3-millions-of-waste-pickers/ Twitter, Facebook, Instagram: @PlastispherePod Subscribe: anjakrieger.com/plastisphere/ Support: www.patreon.com/plastispherepodcast Support (German): www.riffreporter.de/plastisphere/?accounting=open Music: Dorian Roy and Blue Dot Sessions https://sessions.blue/ Cover art: Maren von Stockhausen Thanks to: Ines Blaesius, Luisa Beck, Daniella Cheslow, the Wiego staff, and Karl Urban for editing the German version for RiffReporter https://www.riffreporter.de/plastisphere/muell-asien/

Guest:Jenna Jambeck, PhD. - Associate Professor in the College of Engineering at The University of GeorgiaToday we're sitting down with Dr. Jenna Jambeck, Associate Professor in the College of Engineering at The University of Georgia who teaches environmental engineering with a focus on solid waste. What do you think happens to those plastic bottles and other trash when you toss it? Dr. Jambeck, along with a team of reasearchers, estimates that millions of metric tons of plastic waste entered our oceans in 2010, and by 2025, that amount could increase by 10 fold! We'll discuss various waste management solutions being implemented worldwide and learn how we can improve such infrastructure to keep our planet looking beautiful and trash free.

Despite some efforts at recycling, more than half of all plastic waste created in the industrialised world has been exported for recycling elsewhere, mainly to China. But now Beijing has banned imports of most plastic waste. So where will the waste go now and how much of it is ending up in the ocean? Leslie Hook puts the question to Amy Brooks and Jenna Jambeck of the University of Georgia, who’ve recently published a study on the global trade in plastic wasteRead the study by Amy Brooks and Jenna Jambeck hereContribute to our listener survey and enter our prize draw here. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In today's show we offer two related features: Plastic Pollution in the Arctic, Green Chemistry  (start time: 7:48) Try to wrap your brain around this statistic: by mid-century the mass of plastic in the oceans will weigh more than the total mass of fish if we continue with 'business as usual,' according to the World Economic Forum. Plastic debris, ranging from plastic water bottles to fish nets to invisible fragments, is choking seabirds and mammals all the way up to the Arctic, and quite possibly harming human health. How On Earth host Susan Moran recently attended the Arctic Frontiers conference in Tromso, Norway, where she interviewed one of the speakers, Jenna Jambeck, an environmental engineer at the University of Georgia. Dr. Jambeck directs the Center for Circular Materials Management, where researchers are designing materials and processes that both reduce waste and, like nature itself, reuse waste. Grassroots Efforts Curb Plastic Pollution (start time: 20:24) In case you’re wondering what’s land-locked Colorado and your daily life got to do with plastic pollution in the ocean, our guest, Vicki Nichols Goldstein, founder and executive director of the Inland Ocean Coalition, discusses regional and national campaigns to curb plastic waste. The Suck the Straws Out campaign is one of many. You can get involved, starting with attending the Colorado Ocean Coalition's Blue Drinks happy hour on Feb. 15 in Boulder. Hosts: Chip Grandits, Susan Moran Producer: Susan Moran Engineers: Maeve Conran, Chip Grandits, Evan Perkins Executive Producer: Susan Moran Listen to the show here:

Netherlands to Build Roads With Recycled Plastic From the Ocean荷兰用海洋回收塑料建造道路白色污染(White Pollution)是对废塑料污染环境现象的一种形象称谓。是指用聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯等高分子化合物制成的包装袋、农用地膜、一次性餐具、塑料瓶等塑料制品使用后被弃置成为固体废物，由于随意乱丢乱扔，难于降解处理，给生态环境和景观造成的污染。海洋正在沦为世界上最巨大的垃圾场。来自全球的各种垃圾，从小碎片到大垃圾群，汇集于此。2014年，在十多个国家组成搜寻小组，寻找马航MH370失联客机的过程中，人们一次次地听到印度洋洋面上漂浮着疑似客机残骸物的消息，但最终这些漂浮物只不过是各样海洋垃圾。在远离海岸线的印度洋中，救援人员发现的最大漂流物长度超过20米，巨大的塑料垃圾和捕鱼设备，无奇不有。全球每年流入海洋的塑料垃圾大约是800万吨。2010年，192个沿海国家和地区一共产生了2.75亿吨塑料垃圾，最终有480万吨到1270万吨进入海洋，成为海洋生态环境的致命杀手。这相当于“所研究的192个沿海国家和地区里，每一英尺（30厘米）的海岸线上堆有5个装满塑料的袋子。将800万吨塑料垃圾堆放一起，能让34个纽约曼哈顿地区的面积湮没在齐脚踝深的塑料垃圾中。”佐治亚大学的环境学教授、也是论文首席作者的珍娜•詹贝克（Jenna Jambeck）博士描述。根据佐治亚大学的研究报告，全球从陆地流入海洋的塑料垃圾最大源头是中国，排放量占了192个沿海国家和地区排放总量的近三分之一。salvage    vt. 回收利用（某物）;barricade  n.路障，障碍物; manipulate  vt.操纵; 操作，处理; A Dutch organization has just announced plans to salvage plastic pollution from the ocean and use it to build highways in Rotterdam.The solution is quite simple: VolkerWessels, the company leading the project, plans to gather the materials by installing barricades in nearby ocean waters. The plastics will then be transported, processed, and compressed into building blocks for the roads. Beyond its benefit to the planet, the raw recycled material used for the PlasticRoad project is more durable and easier to manipulate and maintain.Scientists are already in the final stages of testing the safety of the material and if plans go according to schedule, the first roads will be built later this year.一个荷兰组织刚刚宣布计划从海洋中回收塑料污染物，并用它来在鹿特丹建造公路。解决方法很简单：负责这个项目的VolkerWessels公司，计划收集材料在附近海域设置路障。然后塑料将被运输、加工和压缩成道路的建筑块。除了有利于地球，用于塑料路项目原材料更耐用，易操作和维护。科学家们已经在最后阶段测试材料的安全性，如果可以按照原计划进行   ，第一条道路将在今年晚些时候建成。看完这些数据和报道触目惊心，希望我们能尽早将成熟的技术应用在塑料和回收和利用上，给我们自己留一片干净的海，干净的天，干净的土，干净的水。

Netherlands to Build Roads With Recycled Plastic From the Ocean荷兰用海洋回收塑料建造道路白色污染(White Pollution)是对废塑料污染环境现象的一种形象称谓。是指用聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯等高分子化合物制成的包装袋、农用地膜、一次性餐具、塑料瓶等塑料制品使用后被弃置成为固体废物，由于随意乱丢乱扔，难于降解处理，给生态环境和景观造成的污染。海洋正在沦为世界上最巨大的垃圾场。来自全球的各种垃圾，从小碎片到大垃圾群，汇集于此。2014年，在十多个国家组成搜寻小组，寻找马航MH370失联客机的过程中，人们一次次地听到印度洋洋面上漂浮着疑似客机残骸物的消息，但最终这些漂浮物只不过是各样海洋垃圾。在远离海岸线的印度洋中，救援人员发现的最大漂流物长度超过20米，巨大的塑料垃圾和捕鱼设备，无奇不有。全球每年流入海洋的塑料垃圾大约是800万吨。2010年，192个沿海国家和地区一共产生了2.75亿吨塑料垃圾，最终有480万吨到1270万吨进入海洋，成为海洋生态环境的致命杀手。这相当于“所研究的192个沿海国家和地区里，每一英尺（30厘米）的海岸线上堆有5个装满塑料的袋子。将800万吨塑料垃圾堆放一起，能让34个纽约曼哈顿地区的面积湮没在齐脚踝深的塑料垃圾中。”佐治亚大学的环境学教授、也是论文首席作者的珍娜•詹贝克（Jenna Jambeck）博士描述。根据佐治亚大学的研究报告，全球从陆地流入海洋的塑料垃圾最大源头是中国，排放量占了192个沿海国家和地区排放总量的近三分之一。salvage    vt. 回收利用（某物）;barricade  n.路障，障碍物; manipulate  vt.操纵; 操作，处理; A Dutch organization has just announced plans to salvage plastic pollution from the ocean and use it to build highways in Rotterdam.The solution is quite simple: VolkerWessels, the company leading the project, plans to gather the materials by installing barricades in nearby ocean waters. The plastics will then be transported, processed, and compressed into building blocks for the roads. Beyond its benefit to the planet, the raw recycled material used for the PlasticRoad project is more durable and easier to manipulate and maintain.Scientists are already in the final stages of testing the safety of the material and if plans go according to schedule, the first roads will be built later this year.一个荷兰组织刚刚宣布计划从海洋中回收塑料污染物，并用它来在鹿特丹建造公路。解决方法很简单：负责这个项目的VolkerWessels公司，计划收集材料在附近海域设置路障。然后塑料将被运输、加工和压缩成道路的建筑块。除了有利于地球，用于塑料路项目原材料更耐用，易操作和维护。科学家们已经在最后阶段测试材料的安全性，如果可以按照原计划进行   ，第一条道路将在今年晚些时候建成。看完这些数据和报道触目惊心，希望我们能尽早将成熟的技术应用在塑料和回收和利用上，给我们自己留一片干净的海，干净的天，干净的土，干净的水。

Will Steffen discusses the processes that define the planetary boundaries framework: a safe operating space within which humanity can still thrive on earth. Jenna Jambeck examines the factors influencing how much plastic debris a nation contributes to the ocean. David Grimm discusses daily news stories. Hosted by Susanne Bard. [Img: Bo Eide Creative Commons License BY-NC-ND 2.0]

Will Steffen discusses the processes that define the planetary boundaries framework: a safe operating space within which humanity can still thrive on earth. Jenna Jambeck examines the factors influencing how much plastic debris a nation contributes to the ocean. David Grimm discusses daily news stories. Hosted by Susanne Bard. [Img: Bo Eide Creative Commons License BY-NC-ND 2.0]