Solus Christus Reformed Baptist Church

Welcome to The Narrated Puritan Podcast. In this episode, we unpack the practical and pastoral brilliance of John Owen's Works on the Holy Spirit (Volume 4)—a masterwork that defends the self-evidencing light of Scripture, illuminates the Holy Spirit's vital role in genuine prayer, and draws crucial distinctions between temporary spiritual gifts and true saving grace. Whether you are looking to sharpen your theological discernment, guard your heart against spiritual drift, or simply grasp how the Spirit actively applies God's Word to your daily life, join us as we bridge the gap between 17th-century Puritan depth and today's modern listener. There is a discussion in some detail of the argument of "cessationism."

Welcome to another episode of the podcast, where today we dive deep into Jonathan Edwards's foundational revival trilogy to explore how one of history's greatest pastor-theologians navigated the thrilling yet treacherous waters of spiritual awakening. From the remarkable local conversions in Northampton to his razor-sharp diagnostic tests for genuine revival, Edwards offers an unequaled masterclass in discerning the work of the Holy Spirit. Together, we'll examine his searching warnings on undiscerned spiritual pride, the deceptive snare of modern "immediate revelations," and the subtle ways Satan exploits even our most elevated spiritual frames. Whether you are seeking a biblical blueprint for testing spiritual claims or a humbling guide for pastoral discernment, Edwards's timeless insights remain a vital manual for the Church today.

John Owen's Works, Volume 3 (Pneumatologia), provides a foundational, Spirit-centered defense of Christian theology that spans the Holy Spirit's distinct personhood, His work in Christ, regeneration, sanctification, and eternal election. Driven by a desire to defend the Spirit's deity against rationalist attacks while rescuing His internal ministry from both formal neglect and fanatical claims, Owen demonstrates that redemption applied by the Spirit is as essential as redemption accomplished by Christ. Through key insights—such as total depravity's darkening of the unregenerate mind (prefiguring presuppositional apologetics over Common Sense realism), the Spirit-wrought use of the means of grace in an awakened sinner without falling into preparationism, the absolute necessity of ongoing actual grace alongside habitual grace for every holy act, and a matured view of mortification—Owen roots all Christian growth in sovereign grace. By grounding these doctrines in both the election of believers unto holiness and the real-world conversion of Augustine, Owen establishes that true Christian living is an unceasing, Spirit-empowered work from initiation to final perseverance.

In this upcoming episode of The Narrated Puritan, we journey into 18th-century colonial America to uncover the incandescent life and ministry of Samuel Davies—a man Dr. David Martyn Lloyd-Jones famously called "one of your greatest preachers." Born to humble beginnings and educated under Samuel Blair at the historic Faggs Manor academy, Davies entered pastoral ministry under the constant shadow of terminal illness, preaching every sermon with urgent, eternity-bound gravity. From navigating Virginia's rigid legal establishment to turn local "Reading Houses" into licensed Presbyterian churches, to pioneering literacy and evangelism among hundreds of enslaved African Americans, Davies' fearless leadership laid the very groundwork for religious liberty in America while inspiring the legendary pulpit fire of a young Patrick Henry. Join us as we trace his remarkable journey from the Virginia frontier to his final days succeeding Jonathan Edwards as the fourth president of the College of New Jersey, and discover why Davies' solemn, heart-searching preaching still speaks with profound power to our generation today.

Jonathan Edwards was far more than the solemn, fire-and-brimstone preacher history textbooks suggest—he was a teenage prodigy, a revolutionary thinker, and a man whose formidable intellect was consumed by a passion for the beauty and glory of God. From his radical youthful vowing to "live with all my might" and his fiery leadership during the Great Awakening, to his dignified posture when ousted by his own congregation and his groundbreaking writings on the frontier, Edwards' life stands as an unshakeable blueprint for intentional living. His story strips away modern excuses, daring us to trade digital distraction and passive drifting for a disciplined mind, unyielding convictions, and a life wholly devoted to what matters for eternity.

Behind the iconic narrative of Jonathan Edwards' legendary sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" lies a far more intense, forgotten historical reality: the day Edwards lost control of his pulpit. Delving into rarely cited eyewitness accounts, diary entries, and the overnight prayers that preceded the famous July 8, 1741 assembly at Enfield, this deep dive peels back centuries of embellishment to reveal an unfinished sermon drowned out by cries of distress, an all-night intercessory vigil that laid the groundwork for the revival, and Edwards' own cautious distrust of the very emotional hysteria he unleashed. Discover how a team of visiting pastors stepped into the chaos of the meetinghouse floor, and why the real spark of America's Great Awakening was less about one man's literary rhetoric and far more about hidden intercession, collaborative crisis counseling, and the complex reality of human conversion.

In the wake of the Revolutionary War, a spiritually depleted and intellectually skeptical America faced a crisis of faith, only for an unexpected wave of revivals to ignite across New England's local parishes and elite college campuses—documented soberly in the Connecticut Evangelical Magazine and spearheaded by leaders like Timothy Dwight and Ashbel Green. Unlike the sensationalized frontier rallies or the technique-driven revivals that followed, this quiet awakening dismantled Deism through cold logic, deepened parish life without emotionalism, and restored moral clarity to the rising generation before being largely eclipsed by the louder chapters of American history.

A couple of God's providences to us this week observed and reflected on.

Perhaps the most lamentable aspect of it is that the persons who are thus devoid of the spiritual senses by which they can converse with the best and highest world, are not conscious of their incapacity, or, if partially conscious of it, seem to be stupidly contented to remain as they are. The naturally blind mail would see if he could; what shall I say of those whose inability to see spiritually is wilful, and lies more in their will than anywhere else?

CASE 30. What judgment must a person form about his state, or what must he do, if he is in total darkness and cannot see anything of a work of grace in his heart? What difference is there between the hypocrite and the real believer? The one is always full of selfflattery, entertaining the kindest thoughts of his state; the other writes bitter things against himself, ever humble, and afraid lest in entertaining a hope of an interest in Jesus, he would be esteemed presumption. He appears so unworthy in his own eyes, so vile and despicable, that he dares not draw a favourable conclusion concerning himself, but as he knows he has deserved the everlasting indignation of a just and holy God, so he is ready to fear that will be his awful portion, notwithstanding all the promises of Divine grace

Don't think you have done all that is incumbent upon you, when you have read the Scripture either in the family or the closet. Pray over it before God. Have you been reading any promises of spiritual blessings? Plead them with God. Has the chapter represented the odiousness of sin, its dreadful consequences, the falls of God's people, and the salvation of the chief of sinners? Then beg that your eyes may be opened to see the malignity of sin, the wickedness of your heart, and that you may be kept from those evils which many have fallen into, and be enabled to admire the riches of free grace in the salvation of creatures so unworthy, and in your own in particular.

In the literary landscape of seventeenth-century England, few trial scenes resonate with as much raw satire and visceral injustice as the Trial at Vanity Fair in John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress. Before the merciless magistrate Lord Hate-good and a jury composed of men like Mr. Malice and Mr. Cruelty, the pilgrim Faithful is condemned not for a genuine crime, but for daring to challenge the corrupt, self-serving norms of a culture obsessed with worldly indulgence. This courtroom farce was no mere construct of allegory or creative imagination; it was a thinly veiled, cathartic processing of Bunyan's own lived trauma. In November 1660, following the Restoration of King Charles II and the aggressive crackdown on religious dissent, Bunyan was arrested for preaching at an unlicensed gathering in Bedfordshire. Refusing to compromise his conscience or promise silence in exchange for leniency, the humble tinker turned preacher was sentenced to a brutal, twelve-year imprisonment in the squalid, overcrowded confines of the Bedford County Gaol. It was precisely within those damp, disease-ridden walls—isolated from his family and facing an indefinite loss of liberty—that Bunyan transmuted his personal legal struggles into eternal art, forging a narrative where the terrifying corruptions of earthly justice serve only to illuminate the ultimate triumph of the steadfast soul.

CASE 16. Is it necessary, in order to evidence a person's conversion, that he sees and acknowledges himself as the chief of sinners, even if he hasn't been guilty of outward abominations? Or, what is that sense of sin, which evidences conversion, and is therefore accompanied with salvation?

From the Book Looking Unto Jesus: 1658

QUESTION. When our own faith is weakened as to the hearing of our prayers—when we ourselves are hindered within ourselves from believing the answer of our prayers, have no ground to expect we should be heard, or no ground to believe we are heard—what are those things that greatly weaken our faith as to the answer of our prayers; that though we continue to pray, yet our faith is weakened as to the hearing of our prayers? and what are the grounds that weaken men's faith in such a state? ANSWER. If our hearts are not duly prepared to the consideration of the great and glorious properties, presence, and holiness of God, and duly affected with them in our preparation for prayer, it is certain we can have no faith for the hearing of our prayers.

If it be so, that sin doth thus always abide in us, and will upon occasions work to all its fruit, to all manner of concupiscence, then the mortification of sin is a continual duty, that we ought to be exercised in all our days. Col. 3:3, "Ye are dead, and your life is hid with Christ in God." A blessed state and condition! I desire no better attainment in this world than this holds out. But what duty does the apostle infer from thence? "Therefore," saith he, "mortify your members which are upon the earth." What, I pray? "Fornication, uncleanness, inordinate affection, evil concupiscence, and covetousness, which is idolatry." The mortification of sin is a duty incumbent upon the best of saints.

Let a man fear it is so, when he finds arguments against it to lose their force. No man is under the power of particular corruption, but will have arguments suggested to his mind from fear, danger, shame, ruin, against continuing under that corruption. When a man begins to find these arguments abate in their force, and have not that prevalency upon his mind they have had, let him fear there is an habitual prevalency of his corruption.

Whence came you, and what would you have? He answered, I have eat and drank in the presence of the King, and he has taught in our streets. Then they asked him for his certificate, that they might go in and show it to the King; so he fumbled in his bosom for one, and found none. Then said they, Have you none? But the man answered never a word. So they told the King, but he would not come down to see him, but commanded the two Shining Ones that conducted Christian and Hopeful to the City, to go out and take Ignorance, and bind him hand and foot, and have him away. Then they took him up, and carried him through the air to the door that I saw in the side of the hill, and put him in there. Then I saw that there was a way to hell, even from the gates of heaven, as well as from the City of Destruction.

May we infer, that creatures, thus formed for action, and thus laborious and unwearied in these inferior pursuits, are proportionably vigorous and in earnest in matters of infinitely greater importance? May we con· elude, that they proportion their labor and activity to the nature of things, and that they are most in earnest where they are most concerned? A stranger to our world, that could conclude nothing concerning the conduct of mankind but from the generous presumptions of his own charitable heart, might persuade himself that this is the case. But one that has been but a little while conversant with them, and taken the least notice of their temper and practice with regard to that most interesting thing, Religion, must know it is quite otherwise. For look round you, and what do you see?

The story of Christian and Hopeful's detour into By-path Meadow serves as a poignant warning against seeking easy shortcuts in the face of hardship. Driven by physical discomfort, the pilgrims allowed a seemingly parallel path and false assurances to blind them to the gradual dangers of straying from their true course. Ultimately, their choice illustrates how small, seemingly harmless compromises can subtly lead one away from safety, leaving them vulnerable to the paralyzing grip of doubt, guilt, and despair when trials inevitably arise.

Question #5 QUESTION. It was queried by some, how we may make our application unto Christ; not in general, but under what notion and apprehension of the person of Christ? ANSWER. Because some seem to apprehend there might be danger in terminating our worship upon the nature of Christ as a creature, I shall give you my thoughts and directions in it. First. You must observe we are to have no conceptions, in our acting of any duty, towards Christ or about him, but with respect unto his person as he is God and man in one person.

Counsel I - Cleave fast to Christ, and the profession you have formerly made of him, what aspect so ever the times have upon you. Psalm 44:18, 19, 20, 21. "Our heart is not turned back, neither have our steps declined from your way, though you have sore broken us in the place of dragons, and covered us with the shadow of death. If we have forgotten the name of the Lord, or stretched out our hands to a strange God: shall not God search this out? for he knows the secrets of the heart." Hence those new converts, who were turned to the Lord in a time of great temptation and persecution, were so earnestly persuaded, Acts 11:23. "That with purpose of heart they would cleave unto the Lord;" that is as they had made a good choice, so now to stick to their choice, and not repent of it, whatever afterward they should meet with.

Before I mention how we should approach unto and lie at this well-head of life, let me observe to you this one thing,—that when there is a general contagious disease (the plague, or the like), every man will look to his health and safety with reference to other occasions, but will be most careful in regard to the general contagion. Now, if forsaking this spring of life be the plague of the age, and the plague of the place where we live, and the plague of Christians, we ought to be very careful lest this general contagion should reach us.

Practical Cases of Conscience #12 The Scripture doth everywhere, upon all such occasions, call expressly unto us for a special preparation, by the exercise of grace, in reformation and holiness: "Judgment must begin at the house of God;" and "what will be the end of them that obey not the gospel?" What, then, is our duty? Why, saith he, "Seeing that all these things shall be dissolved" (all this outward frame of things), "what manner of persons ought we to be in all holy conversation and godliness?" Brethren, we ought at all times to attend unto "all holy conversation and godliness;" but saith the apostle, "The approach of judgment is a peculiar motive thereunto; -- seeing that all these things are to be dissolved.

Practical Cases of Conscience #13 The Scripture doth everywhere, upon all such occasions, call expressly unto us for a special preparation, by the exercise of grace, in reformation and holiness: "Judgment must begin at the house of God;" and "what will be the end of them that obey not the gospel?" What, then, is our duty? Why, saith he, "Seeing that all these things shall be dissolved" (all this outward frame of things), "what manner of persons ought we to be in all holy conversation and godliness?" Brethren, we ought at all times to attend unto "all holy conversation and godliness;" but saith the apostle, "The approach of judgment is a peculiar motive thereunto; -- seeing that all these things are to be dissolved.'?"

Practical Cases of Conscience #14 First. Whether do you think there are extraordinary calls and warnings of God towards this nation at this time? Secondly. If there be, what is the voice of these calls? Thirdly. Whether any sort of men, believers, or churches, are exempted from attending unto and complying with these calls of God? For there lies a reserve in our hearts. The nation is very wicked (I shall not repeat the sins of the nation), the warning is general to the nation, the body of the people, and God testifies his displeasure against them. Now, the inquiry is, Whether there be any rule that we, who profess ourselves believers, and a church, should count ourselves exempted from a particular compliance with these extraordinary calls of God, -- that they are for others, and not for us? "If the scourge slay suddenly, he will laugh at the trial of the innocent," Job 9:23. And the good figs went first into captivity.

Several Practical Cases of Conscience - #10 What shall a person do who finds himself under the power of a prevailing corruption, sin, or temptation? Answer. I shall premise only this one thing, and then inquire whether it belongs to us or no:-- This prevalency hath many degrees. It may be a prevalency to outward scandal, or to the utter loss of inward peace, or to the disquieting and divesting of us of that tranquillity of mind usually which Christ calleth us unto. Now, pray consider that I speak to it equally and in every degree. And perhaps there may be none of us but, at one time or other, after inquiry, will have had experience in one degree or other, either to disquietment, loss of peace, or scandal. What shall such a person then do, who finds it so with him? I answer, -- First. He should labour to affect his mind with the danger of it. It is not conceivable how subtle sin is to shift off an apprehension of the danger of it.

Several Practical Cases of Conscience - #11 What is our duty with respect to dark and difficult dispensations of God's providence in the world? Answer. In answer unto this question, three things are to be considered:-- First. What are, in a Scripture sense, those things that make a season of providence dark and difficult? Secondly. What are the open signs of the coming and passing of such a season over us? And, Thirdly. What are our special duties in reference to our entering into, and passing through, such a season? First. What are those things that make a season of providence dark and difficult? I find four things in Scripture that make a dark season of providence; and, if I mistake not, they are all upon us:-- 1. The long-continued prosperity of wicked men.

It would be matter of regret, if the prejudice now entertained against a field of theological discussion cultivated to such an extent by divines of former generations, should prevent any reader from perusing the Discourses of our author which follow. Owen's was not the mind on any subject to be lost in obscure mysticism and refined subtilties, and to disport itself in a species of moral gymnastics, from which no overt and positive advantage could accrue to himself or to his hearers. These Discourses deal with momentous questions of religious experience, and are replete with suggestions and advices, which will be prized in proportion as the religion of the heart prevails, and so long as Christianity is not buried in formalism.

Practical Cases of Conscience - #1 What conviction of a state of sin, and of the guilt of sin, is necessary to cause a soul sincerely to look after Christ? What Jesus Christ doth indispensably call men unto, in order to believing in him, that is indispensably required of them. And this I shall manifest out of two or three places of Scripture:—Mark 2:17, "I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance." Now, this calling them unto repentance, is a calling them unto it by the faith which is in him. The apostle saith, 1 Tim. 1:15, "It is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Jesus Christ came into the world to save sinners." What kind of sinners doth Christ call? Whom he calls to repentance, he calls to faith; and whom he calls to faith, that they may truly believe, they are sinners—opposed unto them that are righteous:

Practical Cases of Conscience #2 There must be a permanency in our choice of Christ against temptations unto sin, as well as against the charges from sin. Truly, the former—of abiding with Christ against the charges from sin—is our daily work: it is sometimes more high and pressing, but it is our daily work. But there are also temptations unto sin,—it may be to the neglect of our duty, or to a compliance in any evil way (which we are subject unto while in the body); and perhaps great sins. Here Joseph's reply, applied to Christ, is that which doth argue our choice of Christ to be sincere,—"How shall I do this great wickedness, and sin against God?" When the soul can draw a prevailing argument from that, "How shall I do this, and relinquish my Lord Christ?"—"I will not do this against him whom I have chosen,"—this is a good argument, if frequently reiterated, that our choice of Christ is sincere.

To this great prevalency and predominancy of sin in the whole nation, there is added a strange and unspeakable security. The truth is, men were a little awakened one while in the nation. When the judgments of God—the pestilence, the fire, the sword, and, the year after, another warning from heaven—were upon us, then there was a little awakening, like a man out of a dead sleep, that lifts up his head, and rubs his eyes for a time. But I can say this, that it is now towards forty years since God enabled me to observe something in the world; and, to my knowledge, I never observed this nation in that state of security wherein it is at this day. For, even in former times, there were warnings continually that God had a controversy with the nation; and those that had any fear of God spake one to another about it; and we saw and found their warnings were not in vain. But here is now a general security. Men complain of straits, want, poverty, and the like; but as to any thing wherein God hath to do with the world, either my observation doth greatly deceive me, or I never saw, I think, so general a security as at this day in this nation. And this security hath reached us all,—even the churches of God themselves.

Chapter 9 It is a matter of praise and glory to God, in a special manner, that he has granted an amplification of this privilege under the gospel. The Spirit is now poured forth from above, and enlarged in his dispensation, both intensively and extensively. Those on whom he is bestowed, receive him in a larger measure than they did formerly under the Old Testament. From there comes that liberty and boldness in their access to the throne of grace, and their crying 'Abba, Father,' which the apostle reckons among the great privileges of the dispensation of the Spirit of Christ, which those of old were not partakers of.

To enjoy God in duty is to enjoy his gracious assistance — that is, the enlightening, quickening, strengthening, and sanctifying influences and operations of his Spirit — without which it is impossible to perform any duty in a right, holy, and acceptable manner. One may conclude that he enjoys God in duty, when his mind is impressed with a deep sense of the reasonableness, use, and design of the duty; when he willingly and heartily engages in it in the name of the Mediator — with reverential thoughts and a holy awe of God;

This discussion explored the free offer of the gospel in Reformed theology, beginning with Bunyan's portrait of the "grave person" in The Pilgrim's Progress, whose posture of pleading with men visualizes the minister's role as a passionate herald of divine mercy. Grounding this stance in historical Reformed orthodoxy, we examined how 17th-century Puritan John Howe and 19th-century theologian R. L. Dabney demonstrated that God's indiscriminate offer of salvation is entirely sincere and fully compatible with His immutable, sovereign decree of election. Furthermore, we examined Arthur W. Pink's defense of human responsibility alongside divine sovereignty, before concluding with the refutation of hyper-Calvinist views (such as those of Herman Hoeksema and the Protestant Reformed Churches) by John Murray and R. L. Dabney, who showed that using doctrines like Divine Simplicity or Impassibility to deny God's genuine compassionate desire for the repentance of all sinners misconstrues confessional definitions, replacing biblical revelation with rationalistic speculation.

1. That the things insisted on are in some degree and measure necessary unto all acceptable prayer. The Scripture assigns them thereunto, and believers find them so by their own experience. For we discourse not about prayer as it is the working of nature in its straits and difficulties towards the God of nature, expressing thereby its dependence on him, with an acknowledgment of his power, in which sense all flesh, in one way or other, under one notion or other, come to God; nor yet upon those cries which legal convictions will wrest from them that fall under their power: but we treat only of prayer as it is required of believers under the gospel, as they have an "access through Christ by one Spirit unto the Father." And, 2. That those in whom this work is wrought by the Holy Spirit in any degree do not, in ordinary cases, want an ability to express themselves in this duty, so far as is needful for them.

Every man is to pray or call upon God, according as he is able, with respect unto his own condition, relations, occasions, and duties. Certainly there is not a man in the world who hath not forfeited all his reason and understanding unto atheism, or utterly buried all their operations under the fury of brutish affections, but he is convinced that it is his duty to pray to the deity he owns, in words of his own, as well as he is able; for this, and none other, is the genuine and natural notion of prayer. This is implanted in the heart of mankind, which they need not be taught nor directed unto.

The first thing we ascribe unto the Spirit herein is, that he supplies and furnishes the mind with a due comprehension of the matter of prayer, or what ought, both in general and as unto all our particular occasions, to be prayed for. Without this I suppose it will be granted that no man can pray as he ought; for how can any man pray that knows not what to pray for? Where there is not a comprehension hereof, the very nature and being of prayer is destroyed. And herein the testimony of the apostle is express: Rom. viii. 26, "Likewise the Spirit also helps our infirmities: for we know not what we should pray for as we ought: but the Spirit itself makes intercession for us with groanings which cannot be uttered."

In John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, few figures offer a more sobering warning to the traveling soul than the character Temporary. Living in the town of Grace-less, right next door to Turn-back, Temporary begins his journey with intense zeal—weeping over his sins, seeking godly counsel, and setting his face resolutely toward the Celestial City. Yet, despite his bright start and genuine emotional stirrings, his zeal quickly cools, he aligns himself with a man named Save-self, and he slides back into total spiritual ruin. Through this tragic figure, Bunyan illustrates what Puritan theologians like Thomas Goodwin, John Owen, Jonathan Edwards, and A. W. Pink identified as the "common influences" of the Holy Spirit—a work that can enlighten the mind, stir the emotions, and reform outward behavior without ever regenerating the heart. Temporary's story is not a tale of open hypocrisy, but a compelling, cautionary study in the vital difference between a temporary emotional reaction to the truth and a permanent, heart-transforming union with Jesus Christ.

The Holy Spirit gives the soul of a believer a delight in God as the object of prayer. I shall not insist on his exciting, moving, and acting all other graces that are required in the exercise of this duty, as faith, love, reverence, fear, trust, submission, waiting, hope, and the like. I have proved elsewhere that the exercise of them all, in all duties, and of all other graces in like manner, is from him, and shall not therefore here again confirm the same truth. But this delight in God as the object of prayer hath a peculiar consideration in this matter; for without it ordinarily the duty is not accepted with God, and is a barren, burdensome task unto them by whom it is performed. Now, this delight in God as the object of prayer is, for the substance of it, included in that description of prayer given us by the apostle,—namely, that it is crying "Abba, Father." Herein a filial, holy delight in God is included, such as children have in their parents in their most affectionate addresses unto them, as hath been declared. And we are to inquire wherein this delight in God as the object of prayer doth consist, or what is required thereunto.

CASE 4. How may a person judge whether a promise or threatening comes from God, or is brought by Satan to the soul?

We may safely conclude that Satan does not know the thoughts of man as God does. But still, as Satan is a spirit, he has a freer and more frequent intercourse with the human mind than many are aware of. I look at the mind as the spring, and thoughts as the streams issuing from it. Satan cannot exactly see or discern the spring head, nor perhaps all the streams. A good man may have many thoughts which Satan cannot be very privy to. I think that in the exercise of faith, love, hope, etc., thoughts must be employed as the mind is enlightened by the Holy Spirit.

Where catechising of the young ones is maintained. Whether at stated times or occasionally, there ought to be certain seasons, inviolably appointed for that great purpose. Without these, the usual reading of the word is not likely to have the same success. And blessed be the Lord, we have many excellent helps published for this purpose,

There is in most persons a natural inclination to generation. These desires are absolutely necessary for the continuance and increase of mankind. God has appointed that his purposes should be accomplished, and his glory promoted, in this manner. Nevertheless, these desires are not to be enlarged as hell, but to be restrained and limited by the holy law of God. Things that are useful and necessary in themselves, according to the law of creation and conservation, are greatly perverted by our sad depravity. If we have no appetites — that is, no desire and inclination to eat and drink — we cannot be useful in our place, nor live long. Yet the glutton, the drunkard, and the voluptuary,greatly abuse the good creatures of God, to the shame, ruin, and destruction of soul and body.

This study explores Prince Emmanuel's final address to the city of Mansoul in John Bunyan's The Holy War, focusing on why God allows original sin to remain in the regenerate. Guided by Alexander Whyte's commentary, we see that Christ leaves these internal remnants not out of weakness, but in divine wisdom to foster genuine humility, keep faith active, and demonstrate His long-suffering mercy. Classic commentators like George Burder provide essential historical and doctrinal context for translating Bunyan's military metaphors into daily Christian experience, while John Owen's Indwelling Sin supplies the clinical theological framework distinguishing between sin reigning and sin dwelling. Complemented by the intimate, searching prayers of Philip Doddridge, the discussion ultimately encourages weary believers to maintain constant vigilance, refuse any truce with remaining corruption, and take heart in Emmanuel's ultimate command and promise: "Hold fast till I come."

And the first suggestion which I would offer on this subject is, that all your reading should be, as far as possible, with some definite object, other than merely to occupy your time. If you have no object in view — you may be sure that you will accomplish none! And thus your reading will be at best a mere waste of time, and not improbably, will be fraught with intellectual or moral evil. When you take up a book, decide if you can, from its title, or its table of contents, what good purpose you can accomplish by reading it; what faculties of your mind it will be likely to improve; or what moral dispositions to refine or elevate; and having settled this point, if the book is worthy of your attention, you can hardly fail to be benefitted by reading it. Another remark closely connected with the preceding, is, that you should never allow yourself to read without reflection.

What Means Must a Person Use to attain greater liveliness in devotions?