Reason Through

In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Sean Enda Power. We speak on his work done in philosophy of time. We speak on the metaphysics of time, how do we know what time is.    Where you can find Dr. Power  https://seanendapower.com/ Where you can find Dr. Powers book! Here

In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Martin Roth. They speak on his book Philosophical Foundation in Neurolaw. The speak on Free will, Determinism, and Compatibilism. They speak on if Determinism is true, can we be held morally responsible for our actions? They also speak on whether Determinism is compatible with Free will.   Link to Dr Roth's book and email:   Here martin.roth@drake.edu   Where to find me Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough

In this episode Jacob speaks with Assyriologist Josh Bowen. We speak on his one of his recent books The Atheist Handbook to the Old Testament. We speak on some of the chapters that are found in the book.  Where to find Dr. Bowen and his work  YouTube channel: www.YouTube.com/digitalhammurabi   Website: www.digitalhammurabi.com   Twitter: @djhammurabi1 & @digi_hammurabi   Books:   Did the Old Testament Endorse Slavery? https://tinyurl.com/y4khp2fw   The Atheist Handbook to the Old Testament, Volume One:  https://tinyurl.com/akb9wzex   Learning to Pray in a Dead Language: https://tinyurl.com/24p35cwz Learn to Read Ancient Sumerian:  https://tinyurl.com/huyetmrr   Where to find me  Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough  

In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Duncan Pritchard. They speak on knowledge; they also speak on his work bringing philosophy  to the prison system. They also speak on education and intellectual virtues.  Where to find Dr. Pritchard website: https://www.duncanpritchard.org Books: https://www.duncanpritchard.org/books Where to find me   Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough  

In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Chris Ranalli on his work closed minded belief, indoctrination and echo chambers. The speak on the difference between indoctrination and education and whether echo chambers can be good.  Where of find Dr. Ranalli  Website: https://chris-ranalli.weebly.com Papers:  - Indoctrination: What is it to indoctrinate someone? (2022,1000-word Philosophy) - Closed-minded belief and Indoctrination (2022, American Philosophical Quarterly)   Where to find me: Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com    

In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Daniel Layman on his co-authored book Is Political authority an Illusion? The speak on if the state is a legitimate authority, life in the state of nature, and civil disobedience.  Where to find Dr. Layman and his work  Email Twitter Is Political Authority an Illusion? Locke Among the Radicals: Liberty and Property in the Nineteenth Century Locke Studies   Where to find me Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com    

In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Carolyn Dicey Jennings on her work done within philosophy of mind, perception, and neuroscience.  Where to support Dr. Jennings Book: The Attending Mind Website Twitter:  https://twitter.com/diceyjennings   Where to find me  Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com      

In this episode Neuroscientist Hannah Critchlow. They speak on her book The Science of Fate: The New Science of Who We Are and How to Shape our Best Future.    Where to find Dr. Critchlow: Science of Fate Website Where to find me: Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChf9LUsSl0vOKTLmX8iMEbw  

In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Chad Bogosian. Dr. Bogosian presents a cosmological argument for God's existences. They speak on multiple topics such as the principle of sufficient reason, necessary and contingent beings.    Where to find me  Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChf9LUsSl0vOKTLmX8iMEbw  

In this Jacob speak speaks with Psychologist Martin Doherty. They speak on his work on childcare and their relation to Theory of Mind. In short this is the ability to infer others' thoughts and feelings.    Where to find Dr. Doherty: Here  

In this episode, Jacob gives brief introduction on meta-ethics.   Transcript:  Hello and welcome back to season 2 of the reason through podcast. It's been while and hope to get back to uploading more regularly. As a way of creating new content, I will be uploading introductory audio videos! The first series is going to be on ethics. We will going over how various philosophers have answered the questions of why be moral? Are there moral facts? Is Morality relative? In this episode we will be going over Meta-ethics. So let's begin.     Now ethics, in general is a branch of philosophy that deals with right and wrong, good and bad. Moral knowledge. Contrasted with say, epistemology that deals with understanding the relationship between justification, belief, and knowledge. In general, from what I have found, is that most people, when engaging in ethics are endorsing some sort of moral philosophy. For example, have you ever had a moral disagreement with a person, and the person responds with “that's just your opinion”. Now, at first glance this seems like this person may be endorsing some sort of subjective moral framework, but that needs to be discussed with said person to find out their view, so keep that in mind, don't assume, ask questions to gain clarity.   Meta- ethics is not about assessing what one should do in a particular situation. For example, meta-ethics is not going to inform you should lie to Nazi's or whether its permissible to lie. Meta- ethics is concerned with the following. the semantic function of moral discourse, meaning when one makes a moral statement are they expressing a fact or emotion as an example. Are there moral properties, do they exist? If they do, what are they like? Can we have moral knowledge? How do we know our moral judgement is true or false? Moral psychology, how does our motivation relate to moral action? Can moral judgments be right or wrong? Is there a truth behind the matter?   These are the questions meta ethics seeks to answer. These questions are not exhaustive but are meant to give an understanding of the difference between this discipline and others. To further illustrate here are some examples of meta ethical theories. Moral realism, non-cognitivism, error-theory, and moral anti-realism.  In proceeding episodes, I will go over these theories in more detail as this is just a pre-liminary sketch of the philosophical terrain.   To start, there are typically two camps of moral judgment that informs a meta ethical theory. They are cognitivism one side, and non-cognitivism on the other. Cognitivists think when one makes a moral judgment, they are expressing a belief. This is crucial. If the cognitivists are right, say when make the utterance abortion is wrong or abortion is permissible. I am uttering a belief. If I am uttering a belief then this can be true or false, this is typically labeled truth apt. Beliefs fall under the category of being true or false. In contrast, the non-cognitivist will deny or not accept one is expressing a belief. Instead, when one is expressing a moral utterance, they are expression an emotion or desire. Desire and emotion are not truth apt. Therefore, moral judgments cannot be true or false. This might be a little tricky, so I will try to be clear, it may be true that one can have a desire, such as, I have the desire to learn moral philosophy it does not follow though that the desire itself can be true or false.   As stated earlier the cognitivists and non-cognitivists will inform which meta ethical theory one subscribes to. Each theory has its strengths and its weaknesses. I hope this overview has helped! When you find yourself engaged in moral discourse. Remember to ask questions, gain clarity on what the person is trying to convey whether or not they have thought about meta ethics.   In the next episode in this series. We will be looking at G.E. Moores attack on Ethical Naturalism. In short Ethical Naturalism is Cognitivist's view that claims moral facts exist, and moral properties are reducible to physical facts and thus under the umbrella to be discovered by the empirical sciences.    That concludes this episode. I will leave a transcript of what I've said in this episode. See you next time.

In this episode Jacob speaks on the state of the podacast and gives general reflections on what's to come with the new year.  Where to find me: Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChf9LUsSl0vOKTLmX8iMEbw Facebook: facebook.com/jacob.garcia.908132 Music:  "Alex Productions - Lights" is under a Creative Commons (CC BY 3.0) license. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCx0_... Music promoted by BreakingCopyright: https://youtu.be/XQaNaFtI11Q

In this episode Jacob speaks with Clinical Psychologist Steven Hayes. They speak on his work within psychology specifically behavior analysis. Steven Hayes and others have developed a modern approach centered around Relational Fram Theory (RFT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) reshaping the way we think about behavior.  Where to find Dr. Hayes website: https://stevenchayes.com Books by Dr. Hayes A Liberated Mind: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0735214018/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_89M70NN49CTWA78QFW6N Acceptance and Commitment Therapy https://www.amazon.com/dp/1462528945/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_E1RKSJDHJRH332RBJ5DE Get out of your mind and into your life: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1572244259/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_CX3JEQSMRJ11MGCYTC8N More books on Relational Frame Theory and ACT https://www.amazon.com/dp/1572249064/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_QWYWYE7BNZT3NT6PF4SG https://www.amazon.com/dp/1684033012/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_JKJH5HWZM4XJMZ56XQ7X?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1 https://www.amazon.com/dp/168373081X/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_WER5FAT0DT8E31EKB0QA Websites related to Behavior Analysis  https://contextualscience.org/act https://www.abainternational.org/welcome.aspx Where to find me Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough          

In this episode Jacob speaks with PhD student James Fodor on his book Unreasonable Faith: How William Lane Craig Overstates the Case for Christianity. They speak on cosmology, ethics, and the resurrection of Jesus.  Where to find James Podcast: https://fods12.podbean.com Blog: https://thegodlesstheist.com Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/c/JamesFodor/featured Where to find me Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough      

In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Duncan Pritchard on knowledge and Skepticism. They speak on the global skepticism and its paradox. They also speak on how Epistemic Disjunctivism seeks to answer the paradox, but for Dr. Pritchard, this is only one half of the solution the other part is Wittgenstein's hinge epistemology.  Where to find Dr. Pritchard website: https://www.duncanpritchard.org Books: https://www.duncanpritchard.org/books   Where to find me  Where to find me   Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough    

In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Graham Oppy. They speak on his work within Philosophy of Religion. Dr. Oppy has written extensively on arguments for and against God's existence and Naturalism.  Dr. Oppy's Books  Naturalism and Religion  https://a.co/gT7pOSW The Best Argument Against God https://a.co/8L1klJ2 Where to find me   Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough      

In this episode Jacob speaks with Assyriologist Josh Bowen. They speak on his recent book Did the Old Testament Endorse Slavery. They touch upon each book within the Old Testament and how it relates to the wider Ancient Near East.  Where to find Dr. Bowen  YouTube channel: www.YouTube.com/digitalhammurabi   Website: www.digitalhammurabi.com   Twitter: @djhammurabi1 & @digi_hammurabi   Books:   Did the Old Testament Endorse Slavery? https://tinyurl.com/y4khp2fw   The Atheist Handbook to the Old Testament, Volume One:  https://tinyurl.com/akb9wzex   Learning to Pray in a Dead Language: https://tinyurl.com/24p35cwz Learn to Read Ancient Sumerian:  https://tinyurl.com/huyetmrr   Where to fine me  Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough  

In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Russ Shafer-Landau. They speak on his work in moral philosophy specifically meta-ethics. Meta-ethics deals with questions such as moral facts, moral properties, can one access moral features in the world.  Dr. Shafer-Landau's books Whatever Happened to Good and Evil? https://www.amazon.com/dp/0195168739/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_MBR9Y7WXS3T5YX4C0QR6 Moral Realism: A Defense https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002BWPIJS/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_M6P6NTRVYX3799FM3HWR Where to find me: Website: Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough  

In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Chris Ranalli. They speak on his work related to Wittgenstein and Depp Disagreement. Deep disagreements are disagreements about fundamental epistemic principles (FEP) and what Wittgenstein referred to as hinge commitments. Hinge commitments and FEP's, according to some, cannot be given a justification without being circular. If this is correct then one may not ever be able to resolve deep disagreements.  Where to find Dr. Ranalli  Website: https://chris-ranalli.weebly.com On Certainty: https://www.amazon.com/Certainty-Harper-Perennial-Thought-English/dp/0061316865/?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_w=4IEtO&pf_rd_p=f601b3c4-4919-4bbe-b359-e579e9b622f7&pf_rd_r=0BSMMMHB9C3QMWBARME9&pd_rd_r=8479f334-f20e-417f-b311-5fa525d6140d&pd_rd_wg=kTapB&ref_=pd_gw_ci_mcx_mr_hp_d Where to find me: Website: Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough

In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Gregg D. Caruso on his recent book Just Deserts: Debating Free Will; co-authored by another Philosopher Daniel C. Dennett. They speak on Determinism, Compatibilism, and Libertarian free will as it relates to moral responsibility and moral desert. Dr. Caruso expresses his view on Free will and is concerned with the justification of giving one what they deserve and how his model of forward looking justification is enough to ground moral responsibility. They also touch upon the legal and social ramifications of moral desert.  Links to Dr. Caruso  Website: http://www.greggcaruso.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/GreggDCaruso?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor Just Deserts: https://www.amazon.com/Just-Deserts-Debating-Free-Will/dp/150954576X/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=just+deserts&qid=1622224210&sr=8-1 Rejecting Retributivism: https://www.amazon.com/Rejecting-Retributivism-Punishment-Criminal-Cognitive/dp/1108484700/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2W86EUEAINOB1&dchild=1&keywords=rejecting+retributivism&qid=1622224306&sprefix=rejecting+retro%2Caps%2C573&sr=8-1 Where to find me Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough  

In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Chris Renalli. They speak on radical skepticism. In short, radical skepticism calls into question our beliefs, knowledge and especially our belief in the external world. The radical skeptical hypothesis claims that we may just be a brain in a vat or what could be called The Matrix.  Where to to find Dr. Renalli: https://chris-ranalli.weebly.com Dr. Renalli's paper on Moore: https://1000wordphilosophy.com/2021/02/23/moores-proof-of-an-external-world/ Where to find me: Where to find me: Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.comTwitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough  

In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher and Disability Advocate Kevin Timpe. The discuss his book Disability and Inclusive Communities. They discuss his experience with disabilities as well as societal assumptions about the nature of disability.  Where to find Dr. Timpe https://kevintimpe.com Dr. Timpe's Book https://a.co/gCARTI4 Where to find me: Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough  

In this episode Jacob finishes his conversation with Philosopher and Software Engineer Jason Rogers on knowledge. They speak about two models of knowledge known as Foundationalism and Coherentism.    Richard Feldman's book on Epistemology  https://www.amazon.com/dp/0133416453/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_M34KR04V7PGH7QHKQKPD Where to find me: Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough      

In this episode Jacob speaks with philosopher and software engineer Jason Rogers. They discuss a branch of philosophy known as epistemology. Epistemology deals with questions on knowledge by asking us what is knowledge? What is the criteria to have knowledge? Can we know anything?They discuss the classical definition of knowledge as well as two modernistic approaches. This is part one of two.  Where to find me: Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough  

In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Jeremy Koons. They speak on his paper Can God's Goodness Save The Divine Command Theory from Euthyphro? This is a critique to a particular version of Divine Command Theory.    Dr. Koons article: https://philpapers.org/rec/KOOCGG Where to find me: Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough  

In this episode Jacob speaks with Kelly Peterson. Kelly is a parent of a participant with Best Buddies. They speak about Kelly's personal experience working with people with disabilities as well as her experience raising a child diagnosed with Autism. Haley Hatai also returns for this episode. Haley aided Kelly's son in obtaining a job.  Drew's story: https://youtu.be/ZuVzmAjPPR8 How to get involved  Website: https://www.bestbuddies.org Friendshipwalk: https://www.bestbuddiesfriendshipwalk.org Staff email: Haley Hatai: haleyhatai@bestbuddies.org Where to find me  Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough          

In this episode Jacob speaks to the Best Buddies International California Staff. Best Buddies is a non-profit organization dedicated to establishing a global volunteer movement that creates opportunities for one-to-one friendships, integrated employment, leadership development, and inclusive living for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). How you can support and contact BestBuddies Website: https://www.bestbuddies.org Friendshipwalk: https://www.bestbuddiesfriendshipwalk.org Staff emails Katelyn Quintero: katelynquintero@bestbuddies.org Chanel Brisbane: chanelbrisbane@bestbuddies.org Jazzmine Santos-Kendrix: jazzminesantos-kendrix@bestbuddies.org Haley Hatai: haleyhatai@bestbuddies.org   Where to find me  Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough

In this episode Jacob speaks to Philosopher Michael Huemer on his book Ethical Intuitionism. They speak about what intuitions are; and it's relationship with ethics. They also speak about competing models of ethics.  Where to find me Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Where to find Dr. Huemer  Blog: http://fakenous.net Website: https://spot.colorado.edu/~huemer/ Ethical Intuitionism: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0230573746        

In this episode Jacob speaks to Behavior Analyst Ryan O'Donnell. The speak upon the science of human behavior known as behavior analysis. Behavior Analysis, generally, looks to the environmental variables that influence human behavior as seeks to make predictions. They also touch upon the philosophical underpinnings of behavior analysis as well as its ethics and how it relates to society. Jacob conducts a small interview. See 4 minute mark to begin discussion on Behavior Analysis   Where to find Ryan O'Donnell  Website: https://www.thedailyba.com/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCR5OvepXxknZ0fa8TwC0D5g Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheDailyBA/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/TheDaily_BA Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/thedailyba      

In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Chad Bogosian on a version of naturalistic ethics; they speak on Kantianism. Immanuel Kant is famous for his work on ethics. Kant believed one can derive our moral duties from pure reason by finding the supreme principle from which all duties are derived from through logical necessitation.  Link to email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Dr. Bogosian's email: chad.bogosian@cloviscollege.edu  

In this episode Jacob speaks to PhD student Lewis Howeth aka Perspective Philosophy on the ethics of what we eat. They speak about animal ethics, veganism, and moral obligation. They also speak about the the relevance difference to non-human animals, Nazi's, and animal testing.  Jacob also misspoke; see 10 minutes and 30 second mark on the discussion on Veganism.   Link to Lewis's channel: https://youtu.be/u9jF5mbyztY https://twitter.com/HowethLewis    

In this episode Jacob speaks to Philosopher Chad Bogosian on Consequentialism; also known as Utilitarianism. Consequentialism is a naturalistic moral philosophy that seeks to maximize the greatest happiness for the greatest number. If you have ever done a cost-benefit analysis, you have done some consequentialist reasoning! They also discuss why it is attractive to people as well as it critiques.    Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com  

In this episode, Jacob speaks again with Philosopher Chad Bogosian. They discuss one theistic moral theory that is typically associated with objective morality. This theory is known as Divine Command Theory. Divine Command Theorists believe God is the ultimate source of goodness and through his goodness flows commands, thus creating moral obligations. Jacob  also expresses his concerns about said theory.    Article referenced:  https://philpapers.org/rec/KOOCGG  

In this episode Jacob briefly describes the goals of the podcast, future episodes, as well as some information about himself. 

In this episode Jacob speaks to Philosopher Chad Bogosian on the current status of right and wrong. Is it objective or is subjective? Do right and wrong exist? They discuss several disciplines within Ethics such as subjectivism, nihilism, and objectivism. They also discuss the relationship between fact and value within the sciences and how it relates to human well-being.  Jacob conducts an interview, please the 10:30 second mark to begin the discussion on ethics.