Podcasts about 5ht1a

Welcome to PsychEd, the psychiatry podcast for medical learners, by medical learners.   In this episode, we begin to explore the neurobiology of the serotonin system — along with key pharmacological agents (SSRIs and classical psychedelics) that act on this system — with guest expert Dr. Robin Carhart-Harris, a neuroscientist and head of the Centre for Psychedelic Research at Imperial College London.   Our discussion is more theoretical than directly clinically relevant, striving to provide a mechanistic understanding of how serotonin functions within the brain and how serotonin-modulating drugs influence this system. The episode was inspired by a review published by our guest expert and Dr. David Nutt called “Serotonin and brain function: a tale of two receptors” (cited below). If you are interested in the topic, you might consider reading this review in full! Please note that the figures referenced during this episode can be accessed at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/figure/10.1177/0269881117725915.   The learning objectives for this episode are as follows:    By the end of this episode, you should be able to…   Understand the general anatomy and function of the serotonin system, with a focus on the purported activity of the more common serotonin receptors and transporters. Describe the effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors and how they lead to symptom improvement in mood and anxiety disorders, in addition to the mechanism of action of other serotonergic medications. Consider the two-pronged serotonin system conceptualized by Dr. Carhart-Harris, and understand how serotonergic agents (including SSRIs and classic psychedelics) and the concepts of active and passive coping fit within this theory.   Guest: Dr. Robin Carhart-Harris, a neuroscientist and head of the Centre for Psychedelic Research at Imperial College London.   Produced and hosted by: Dr. Chase Thompson (PGY3), Dr. Lucy Chen (Psychiatrist), Dr. Nikhita Singhal (PGY2)   Audio editing by: Dr. Chase Thompson   Infographic by: Dr Chase Thompson, Dr Nikhita Singhal   Interview Content:   00:18 - Introductions 3:00 - Learning objectives 4:10 - Introduction to serotonin 10:30 - 5HT1A receptors 24:30 - 5HT2A receptors 30:20 - Serotonin system operation under normal conditions 35:00 - Introduction of bipartite model / two divergent methods for addressing depression 42:20 - Parallels between psychological destabilization (through therapy) and the psychedelic effect  46:20 - Who should not have a psychedelic experience? Are psychedelics intrinsically psychotherapeutic or facilitative in nature? 50:20 - Brief discussion of the neuroimaging correlates of psychotherapeutic benefits from psychedelic experiences 58:40 - Discussion of why 2A agonists cause psychedelic effects but high serotonin release does not   Resources:   Carhart-Harris RL, Nutt DJ. Serotonin and brain function: a tale of two receptors. J Psychopharmacol. 2017;31(9):1091-1120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881117725915 Artigas F, Nutt DJ, Shelton R. Mechanism of action of antidepressants. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2002;36 Suppl 2:123-132. Antidepressants. In: Stahl SM. Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications. 4th ed. Cambridge University Press; 2013:284-369. Beliveau V, Ganz M, Feng L, et al. A High-Resolution In Vivo Atlas of the Human Brain's Serotonin System. J Neurosci. 2017;37(1):120-128. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2830-16.2016 Carhart-Harris RL, Bolstridge M, Rucker J, et al. Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(7):619-627. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30065-7 Carhart-Harris RL, Leech R, Hellyer PJ, et al. The entropic brain: a theory of conscious states informed by neuroimaging research with psychedelic drugs. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014;8:20. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00020 Carhart-Harris RL, Friston KJ. REBUS and the Anarchic Brain: Toward a Unified Model of the Brain Action of Psychedelics. Pharmacol Rev. 2019;71(3):316-344. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.118.017160 Griffiths RR, Johnson MW, Carducci MA, et al. Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial. J Psychopharmacol. 2016;30(12):1181-1197. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116675513 Griffiths RR, Richards WA, McCann U, Jesse R. Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006;187(3):268-292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-006-0457-5   CPA Note: The views expressed in this podcast do not necessarily reflect those of the Canadian Psychiatric Association. For more PsychEd, follow us on Twitter (@psychedpodcast), Facebook (PsychEd Podcast), and Instagram (@psyched.podcast). You can provide feedback by email at psychedpodcast@gmail.com. For more information, visit our website at psychedpodcast.org.

On this weeks episode of Off The Strength, the guys catch up with Co-Founder and CEO at RCVR Dan Hunt and discuss his origins and pivotal early realizations in the cannabis industry, life lesson learned from wrestling and jujitsu, how recovery and sleep became a early priority, how start up success came with start up stress, how philosophy plays a role in being able to stay calm in chaos, and role flow plays on his path to success.For Dan and RCVR, catch up with him at:IG: @tryrcvr , @danhuntWeb: https://www.rcvr.com/Be sure to like listen and subscribe! Follow the OTS Squad on IG at:Show - @offthestrength_Tony - @atrainercalledtonyCorey -@yourtrainercoreyKyle - @krjones_Troy - @troy_brooks The Effects Of CBD On Anxiety & StressStudies in humans, including many of those cited below, have demonstrated that CBD reduces anxiety. This is due to the action of CBD on 5HT1A and TRPV1 receptors, both of which are involved in mitigating the anxiolytic, panic and fear responses to stress.Here are the studies that have specifically investigated CBD’s role as an anxiolytic: Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an anxiolytic drug (PubMed)Antidepressant-Like and Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Cannabidiol: A Chemical Compound of Cannabis Sativa (PubMed)Cannabidiol reduces the anxiety induced by simulated public speaking in treatment-naïve social phobia patients(PubMed)When it comes to stress, which is of course significantly related to anxiety, the host of studies are just as impressive: Endogenous cannabinoid signaling is essential for stress adaptation (PubMed)Regulation of endocannabinoid signaling by stress: Implications for stress-related affective disorders (PubMed)Functional interactions between stress and the endocannabinoid system: from synaptic signaling to behavioral output(PubMed)This is just a small sample of the research showing the role that CBD plays in reducing stress and reducing anxiety. Cannabidiol as an emergent therapeutic strategy for lessening the impact of inflammation on oxidative stress (PubMed)The endocannabinoid system: an emerging key player in inflammation (PubMed)The Effects Of CBD On InflammationCannabidiol as an emergent therapeutic strategy for lessening the impact of inflammation on oxidative stress (PubMed)The endocannabinoid system: an emerging key player in inflammation (PubMed)Anti-inflammatory role of cannabidiol and O-1602 in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice(PubMed)The Effects Of CBD On SleepPatients with sleep issues report that ingesting a CBD-rich tincture or extract a few hours before bedtime has a balancing effect that facilitates a good night’s sleep.Here are the studies on CBD and sleep.Cannabis, pain, and sleep: Lessons from therapeutic clinical trials of Sativex, a cannabis-based medicine (PubMed)Effects of acute systemic administration of cannabidiol on sleep-wake cycle in rats (PubMed)Effect of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on nocturnal sleep and early-morning behavior in young adults(PubMed)Cannabidiol, a constituent of Cannabis sativa, modulates sleep in rats See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Naked Jane owner Kadri Gedelec has a lot to say about CBD and the unique process his company Naked Jane uses to distinguish themselves above and beyond the plethora of competitors who have jumped on the CBD oil trend bandwagon. Kadri recognizes not all CBD is created equal and uses a seven step process to create only the worlds highest quality of CBD oil. Make sure you check out why Naked Jane's process is unique and why their benefits outweigh their competition, even if that competition now offers their CBD in hamburger form. Naked Jane CBD oilEverything You Wanted to Know About CBD Oilby Jim GoetzColts Neck, NJAllow me to clarify that we are not poteads, stoners or what you could consider, "druggies". We never were.I (Jim Goetz), personally grew up a "normal" kid, playing with my blocks, He-Man and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and ran around outside until my mom had to come find me and drag me in for dinner.When I met Chantea in college, I was a clean cut college baseball player with a huge substance abuse problem. I ate copious amounts of pecan pie, took large amounts of creatine (until I burped poweder), and drank large amounts of protein shake and water. I guess other than the pecan pie (something I had never been exposed to living in the Northeast all my life up until that point), these so called "problems" were typical of any jock and most likely still are. Until recently, the closest thing I have come to what would be considered a "substance" is utilizing nootropics for school, work and training such as nicotine and adrafinil along with melatonin and L-theanine. My mushrooms come in the form of chaga and lions mane. Of course the nootropics made by Alexander and Stefan of Nooflux are awesome! If you have not heard this podcast check out the show notes and take a gander after you are done here. You may already know or have done it yourself but many now are experimenting with edible tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) for exercise performance, and also experimenting with vaporizing indica-rich strains of marijuana for creativity, relaxation and sleep. In these show notes and podcast, we delve into a derivative of the cannabis plant family that is now being used as an infusion into a fast food burger. It has some pretty massive payoffs for balancing your endocrine system, relieving anxiety, modulating chronic stress, shutting down inflammation and chronic pain, decreasing blood sugar, decreasing appetite and lowering abdominal obesity.Sit back, grab your favorite nootropic and learn about a form of cannabis with zero psychoactive effects of weed but gives you all of the good stuff you want. Cannabis 101When you hear someone discuss the topic of marijuana, typically they are referring to THC. This is the part of the plant (known as a hemp plant), that induces a state of euphoria. Some may enjoy this state while others find it annoying. Some however, believe it makes certain movies and cartoons, such as the entire Adult Swim, more than simply mildly palpable.The THC content is what the majority of recreational marijuana users desire. Back in the 1960's, bontanists were able to increase the amount of THC in marijuana (weed) from 3% to 5% to a whopping 28%, which is the amount typically found in the plant today. Back in the 60's, individuals would find a mild euphoric state as compared to today, which that same individual would find themselves inebriated on their ass.THC is a chemical compound that fits into a receptor already found in your body from birth called, CB1. This CB1 receptor is located in the cerebral cortex (brain).  Fill too many receptors (intake a crapton of THC) and you will find yourself on your couch all day.There are currently 85 active cannabinoids identified in cannabis. One of which is called, Cannabidiol (CBD). This accounts for 40% of a plants total cannabinoid content.Whether you have seen the South Park episode where everyone becomes weed farmers or not; in these hemp fields, cannabis plants grow in a manner that the male plants are able to fertilize the female plants. When the male plants are quarantined from the female plants, they are no longer able to fertilize them. When females cannot be pollinated, they produce copious amounts of THC. When a female is happily fertilized, she only produces less than 1% THC. I am sure there is some joke that can be associated with this but I will let it go for now and leave it up to you the reader to come up with something good.Production of CBD (international standards require less than 1% THC), is dependent on good relations between the male and female cannabis plants. Chemistry, Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry and Inoragnic Chemistry???I have been asked why would you want to take CBD without the fun of THC? other than being concerned about progress of your day and appearing as a coherent professional, there are a crapton of reasons why.But first, let us get into the text book stuff so you can understand the physiology of your body and what CBD’e effects truly are.As previously discussed, THC attaches primarily to CB1 receptors. CBD however, has a low affinity for both CB1 and CB2 receptors and acts as an indirect antagonist of the agonist. This means that what activates CB1 or CB2 are turned off by CBD.An example of this is CBD can increasing CB1 receptor density so that there’s too many CB1 receptors for THC to bind to, thus taking the edge off the potential psychoactivity of weed, while still retaining all the opioid-like painkilling effects.This means you have to increase the consumption of THC if you are using CBD separately. It also means that CBD will prolong the duration of effects of THC in your system as it inhibits cytochrome P-450. This enzyme causes the rapid metabolism of THC. As it is inhibited, the THC lasts longer and therefore you feel the effects longer.In using CBD, plasma concentrations of THC increase, causing increased amounts of THC to be available to CB1 receptors. With the increase, CBD acts as an antagonist at a cannabinoid receptor named GPR55, located in the caudate nucleus of the putamen (brain). This reduces the effects of THC. What this boils down to is by using CBD on it’s own, THC lasts longer but reduces any psychoactive effects. An actual receptor CBD effects is called 5-HT1A. This is why CBD has anti-depressant and anti-anxiety effects and is neuroprotective. It is also an “allosteric modulator” of opioid receptors, which is why it reduces pain and chronic inflammation.CBD was found to eliminate memory loss problems from marijuana (agonist/ antagonist relationship). CBD has really strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, due primarily to its effects on your adenosine receptors and cytochrome P-450 and 2C enzymes.Research has shown as with weed that includes THC, it is not possible to overdose on CBD. CBD has an unusually low level of toxicity. In over 6,000 years, not one individual has overdosed on pure CBD.Did you know:-NSAIDS (ibuprofen, Advil, Tylenol, and aspirin) kill over 1,000 people per year?-Alcohol kills over 110,000 people each year?-marijuana kills 0 people each year.  Nada. Not one.CBD and AddictionThe reason CBD is not addictive is because CBD does not act on any receptors in your brain that produce an addiction. We discussed this previously...remember?Former national administrator of the US governments marijuana research programs, Dr. Tod Mikriya stated, “no other single drug or substance has as many therapeutic benefits as cannabis”. Dr. Mikriya never found or discussed any evidence of addiction to cannabis. I hear all the time though individuals state that cannabis is addictive. I hear all the time cannabis is a gateway drug and the federal government even locks people away for decades because of canabis. The Boggs Act of 1951 established mandatory sentences for drug users and stated that cannabis was addictive and has held it’s effect despite what other government officials and researchers such as Dr. Mikriya have discovered. Even Dr. Harris Isbell the Director of Research at the Public Health Service Hospital located in Lexington, Kentucky have villified the idea that cannabidols are not physically addictive. Oriental medicine has been used for over 6,000 years and used cannabis as a popular remedy. There have been no reported cases of addiction. The research study, Ganja in Jamaica: A Medical Anthropological Study of Chronic Marijuana Use, which was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1975, disclosed zero concerns with addiction, even after patients who had used cannabis for decades had stopped. The 1980 study Cannabis in Costa Rica: A Study in Chronic Marijuana Use backed this up. Most interestingly, studies like this are not finding any addictive potential with CBD even in the presence of THC.Cannabis Safety​For over 40 years, Dr. Lester Grinspoon, Professor Emeritus at Harvard Medical School, spent the majority of his professional life studying cannabis. The result was “Marijuana: The Forbidden Medicine“. As you can see, Dr. Grinspoon didn’t find one single case of death, stating, “There are no deaths from cannabis use. Anywhere. You can’t find one.”Francis Young, an administrative DEA judge, took medical testimony for over two weeks, and at the end of it, he said, “Marijuana, in its natural form, is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man.”In proper doses, CBD may produce the same pain reduction compared to opioid prescription drugs, such as morphine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone, and when combined with these drugs, allows you to use far less of the actual prescription, thus reducing the toxic load on your liver and kidneys.CBD and Your HormonesYour choice at this point is to stop reading, read a bunch of journal articles and do your own peer reviews, read a bunch of opinions online and at your local grocery store, or keep reading…...good...glad you are still here.Your endocrine system consists of glands throughout your body which regulates literally every function in your body from metabolism to sex and so forth. One function of your hormones is that in response to the fight or flight response. When your sympathetic system is activated, you produce excess cortisol levels. However, when cortisol levels continue to rise, you feel exhausted at all times and your performance decreases. CBD decreases plasma cortisol levels and as a result, can increase your performance and quality of life. But CBD has other effects on your endocrine system, particularly your appetite. You may simply think that marijuana produces the munchies and therefore makes you fat, and although this makes logical sense, science has shown that it’s not the case that marijuana makes you fat, especially when CBD is present.The idea behind smoking weed is that you get the munchies afterwards and as a result- gain weight. The opposite is true though. CBD stabilizes insulin, regulates your appetite and decreases cortisol. These are all aspects of weight gain/ loss. But it is actually the THC that increases your appetite. On the flip side, CBD can suppress your appetite. Hmmm….Physiologically speaking, your pancreas secretes the hormones glucagon and insulin to regulate blood sugar by signaling your liver to break down fat into sugar (glucagon) or to store sugar as fat (insulin). These hormones work as a pair to maintain homeostasis, and they stimulate the release of each other through a complex feedback mechanism. While THC primarily increases glucagon and blood sugar, CBD lowers insulin levels, and it is this CBD action that helps to explain why marijuana users tend to eat more calories but do not gain any extra weight, have less obesity and have lower rates of type II diabetes than non-users, and is also why some diabetics find that marijuana makes it easier to manage their blood sugar.Type II diabetics (whose pancreas still functions) tend to have very high levels of insulin, but the liver is unable to use that insulin, so blood sugar stays high, and the pancreas eventually damages itself by trying to continually produce more and more insulin, eventually leading to organ failure if the diabetes is unmanaged. By lowering pancreatic insulin release, CBD may alleviate or prevent the progression of type II diabetes and blood sugar disorders. Cannabinoid antagonists such as CBD have been shown to reduce obesity, and not only do rodents given these antagonists eat less, but they also lose more weight than their reduced feeding can account for.So the summary of the biggest effects of CBD on the endocrine system? Lower cortisol and better blood sugar control. Yep...Your Anxiety and Stress and CBDWe discussed the effects of CBD and cortisol. When it comes to the full plant, it is THC that causes stress and anxiety unless there is enough CBD present in order to negate the effects. (recall the agonist/ antagonist relationship). This is due to CBD’s direct action on your 5HT1A and TRPV1 receptors (responsible for anxiolytic response to stress).Effective dosing appears  to fall within the ranges from 10 mg to 100 mg, depending on the individual and the situation and even time of day. This is far healthier than the alternatives of addictive drugs such as Valium or Xanax. CBD and Your SleepIt is believed that in the United States, approximately 70 million people suffer from insomnia, insufficient sleep or another sleep disorder. It’s ironic that Cannabidiol actually activates the adenosine receptors as does caffeine, a stimulant. It has been found though that CBD has a calming effect that research shows allows people to sleep.You can use larger amounts of CBD to help drift blissfully to sleep (ex. 100 mg) or use smaller amounts and combine it with melatonin, lemon balm, valerian root, magnesium, chamomile or your favorite bedtime relaxation herb.CBD and InflammationInflammation is all the rage now-a-days, isn’t it? The answer to pre-mature aging and chronic disease is inflammation. It’s not really a rage or the trend but the truth. Low level inflammation is the enemy and easily caused by our faced paced, high stress lives with great amounts of pollution in our environment and pro-inflammatory foods that are consumed.Let’s nerd out for a moment. Signaling proteins called, cytokines are synthesized and secreted by your immune cells (macrophages, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and stromal cells) when stimulated by a pathogen. CBD inhibits cytokine and IL-6 (pro-inflammatory) production.In one interesting study, researchers decided to test the effect of CBD on four cell signaling or mediating molecules associated with intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage to the gut. Their findings were as follows:Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) – CBD reduced the overexpression of iNOS in response to colitis. iNOS overexpression is well correlated with disease activity with colitis, and inhibitors of iNOS lead to improvement in experimental models of IBD. iNOS results in high-output production of NO, which results in oxidative damage to the intestine via reactive oxygen species (ROS).Interleukin-1β – levels significantly increased with experimental colitis. CBD was shown to decrease levels. IL-1β is shown to have potent pro-inflammatory activity and thus heightens the inflammatory response that leads to intestinal injury. IL-1β amplifies the production of inflammatory leukocytes (immune system cells), resulting in an increase of inflammation.Interleukin-10 – levels significantly decreased with experimental colitis. CBD was shown to restore levels. IL-10 has anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Restoration of IL-10 activity is critical to intestinal health.The reduction of iNOS and reactive oxygen species by CBD, along with the reduction of lipid peroxidation, shows the important therapeutic action of CBD in reduction of colonic inflammation by indirect reduction of oxidative damage. In addition, the dysregulation of the interleukins IL-1B and IL-10 is a well-known disruption caused by irritable bowel disease (IBD). The restoration of these interleukins to normal behavior by CBD, although the specific pathway is unknown, is another important therapeutic action that CBD has on reduction of colonic inflammation.It is the CBD in marijuana that is being researched to treat mTBI and other head traumas. Athletes in the US have been using marijuana for decades, often to relax them but without (or with) factual knowledge been using it to recover their bodies from inflammation and the pain they undergo in order to perform at their peak right away.DosageRegarding dosage, most clinical trials show CBD dosing ranging from 10-800 mg of CBD per day (although to treat schizophrenia, doses may be as high as 1,300mg). But everyone is different and you’ll likely need to experiment with a dosage range that works for you. A lot of this also depends on absorption. Not all CBD supplements are created equal. AbsorptionWhat is the purpose of consuming something beneficial if your body cannot absorb it? Most hemp CBD carries a particle size of 150 nm to 5,000 nm. This makes it nearly impossible to fully absorb and even to cross the blood/ brain barrier. CBD Oils such as Naked Jane use a nano-emulsion system that bring the particle size down to 25 nm-60 nm making this in of itself better bioavailable.  This means that a hybrid-nanoengineered CBD is over 10x more bioavailable in the body than any other oil based CBD and that just 10mg of a nanoparticle CBD is comparable to 100 mg of standard CBD.Combining a nano-emulsion system in cannabinoids and terpenoids in CBD with the isolated curcuminoids of a high-curcumin containing turmeric plant, the bioavailability of the CBD increases even greater!!! As curcumin in of itself is poorly absorbed, combining it with piperine will create the mack daddy of all absorption. Read the Full Show Notes  

Psilocybin, a hallucinogen derived from certain mushrooms, is receiving a lot of attention lately in the research community and Johns Hopkins University has just recommended that this compound be reclassified for medicinal use to treat depression, anxiety and to help people stop smoking. What is psilocybin and does it have lasting beneficial effects on depression and anxiety? How does it impact our brain? Learn more about the effect of psilocybin with guest Jennifer Campbell, MA.I met Jennifer Campbell, in San Francisco this past August where she presented on the topic: “Psilocybin in the Therapeutic Milieu” at the American Psychological Association’s Annual Convention. Her presentation was fascinating and I asked Jennifer if she would come onto the show to share these research findings with listeners. Jennifer is finishing up her Clinical Psychology PhD studies at Fielding Graduate University in Santa Barbara, California and works in neuropsychological and rehabilitation psychology at the Texas NeuroRehab Center. Disclaimer: please note that I am a doctoral level psychologist, not a physician. Do not make medical decisions on the basis of information from today’s podcast without discussing it fully with your physician. Psychology America with Dr. Alexandra is neither advocating for the illegal use of psilocybin nor recommending that it be taken to treat anxiety and depression. Instead, with a spirit of openness to new learning, we are sharing what research is discovering about this interesting compound and its impact on mental health. To learn more about clinical trials being done on psilocybin in the United States, go to clinicaltrials.gov and search hallucinogens. Also search London based compasspathways.com.P.S. For those who love neuroscience: Psilocybin is a 5HT2 receptor agonist in contrast to SSRIs, which target 5HT1A receptors.Relevant articles: https://nyti.ms/2P87IGHhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-13282-7 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0269881116675512 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(16)30065-7/fulltext https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2016.110605 http://www.eurekaselect.com/111922/article If you enjoyed this episode of Psychology America with Dr. Alexandra there are a few ways that you can show your support:1) order a book from PsychologyAmerica.com where there is a selection of books I’ve personally chosen (your order will go seamlessly through to Amazon.com) 2), leave an awesome rating on iTunes or 3) press subscribe to continue to receive new episodes.Do you have a friend who is going through a rough time that you would like to cheer up? Some people will truly feel loved with small and thoughtful gifts. Consider the gift of my children’s book entitled: “There’s Always Hope: a Story About Overcoming. It can be found psychologyamerica.com, Amazon.com or at Sparta Books.

You can support us by shopping with these reputable suppliers: NuLeaf Naturals: http://bit.ly/2utFxuf NuLeaf Discount - Use code NEW10 for 10% off your first order! Go to CBD School to learn more about CBD: http://www.cbdschool.com/ The use of CBD for anxiety has been studied for over two decades now. And this application of CBD for anxiety extends to the use of CBD for PTSD. PTSD is a pathological anxiety condition caused by experiencing a past traumatic event. Common events that can cause PTSD include war, violence, and sexual abuse. Though there are countless reasons why someone might experience PTSD. CBD and other cannabinoids like THC in medical marijuana have shown to be effective at reducing symptoms of people suffering from PTSD. CBD products may be able to be used as alternatives for people with PTSD who were unsuccessful with traditional Rx medications like antidepressants. While the evidence for the effectiveness of CBD for anxiety and CBD for PTSD is promising, it’s important to be conscious of the fact that cannabis products may not be right for everyone and their situation. Future data from people, doctors, and researchers will help us to better understand the application of CBD for PTSD. There is a ton of research out there for you to dive into on CBD for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Anxiety: Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an anxiolytic drug: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22729452 Effectiveness of Cannabidiol Oil for Pediatric Anxiety and Insomnia as Part of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Report: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5101100/ Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26341731 Cannabidiol blocks long-lasting behavioral consequences of predator threat stress: possible involvement of 5HT1A receptors: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22979992 Cannabidiol disrupts the consolidation of specific and generalized fear memories via dorsal hippocampus CB1 and CB2 receptors: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28754373 Bidirectional Effects of Cannabidiol on Contextual Fear Memory Extinction: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2016.00493/full Cannabidiol Modulates Fear Memory Formation Through Interactions with Serotonergic Transmission in the Mesolimbic System: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27296152 The Use of Medicinal Marijuana for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Review of the Current Literature: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4578915/ Modulation of fear memory by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids via cannabinoid receptors: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24518289 Enhancing cannabinoid neurotransmission augments the extinction of conditioned fear: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15637635 Reductions in circulating endocannabinoid levels in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder following exposure to the World Trade Center attacks: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24035186 THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM PROVIDES AN AVENUE FOR EVIDENCE-BASED TREATMENT DEVELOPMENT FOR PTSD: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/da.22031/abstract A current overview of cannabinoids and glucocorticoids in facilitating extinction of aversive memories: potential extinction enhancers: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22687521 The endocannabinoid system and extinction learning: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17952654 Affiliate Disclosure. My channel and website are supported through affiliate marketing, whereby for referral traffic I receive a small commission from select vendors, at no extra cost to you. This post contains affiliate links. Thanks for your support.