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The Essential 11
Stepping Stones to Success: Giancarlo Bodoni's Guide to Turning Failure into Opportunity

The Essential 11

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 17, 2023 34:08


Failure has many valuable lessons to teach us, one of which is that anyone can experience it. It is difficult to accept the fact that no one is immune to it. The fact that it teaches us to never take anything for granted and to always put in the effort makes it a very essential lesson as well. Everyone is fallible, and mistakes are common. But the ability to learn from these errors and turn them into stepping stones for achievement is what sets the successful apart from the unsuccessful. Giancarlo Bodoni imparts his life's lessons, wisdom, and counsel to aspiring leaders. Failure is a part of life, and it makes us more resilient. If we give up every time we run into a roadblock, we'll never succeed. We must develop the ability to accept our mistakes and grow from them. Tune in as young leaders ask questions about life, personal growth, entrepreneurship, and more! Quotes: “I struggled a lot with self-doubt and confidence in general. But I didn't want anybody to think that I had tried something and failed. I refused to fail.” – Giancarlo Bodoni “I want to be able to do something that I haven't done before. There's no reason why I shouldn't be able to do it, as long as I set my mind to it.” – Giancarlo Bodoni “Don't try to change people and try to make them more like you. Instead, have everybody be on the same page and have them identify each of their strengths and weaknesses.” – Giancarlo Bodoni Takeaways: The idea is to never give up despite the difficulties and disappointments that come with life. We must never give up; we must constantly get back up and keep going. Making seemingly impossible undertakings possible requires a strong will. The motto of outstanding people is "Nothing is Impossible," as any task can be completed with tenacity and diligence. Having a solid group of people around you not only keeps you grounded but also allows you to think creatively, push the envelope with new ideas, and most importantly, it gives you a strong support system. It is crucial for a team to function cohesively, to have a common objective, and to support one another in achieving that objective. Conclusion: Although difficult, failure is a valuable experience. We may apply the lessons it teaches us to better our lives. It demonstrates to us that we are fallible and that difficulties abound in life. It also teaches us the value of perseverance, humility, and learning from our mistakes. The youth need to learn these lessons as they set out on their path to becoming successful adults.

Future Generations Podcast with Dr. Stanton Hom
141 Spread the truth, make an impact, and fight for our freedom with Dr. James Huang

Future Generations Podcast with Dr. Stanton Hom

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 3, 2023 56:32


Humans have the right to speak–to express their voices and concerns, especially when human lives are involved. However, there are certain entities who aim to stop that from happening—either they are afraid to let the public know the truth, they don't want to be held accountable, or they want to have sole control of how the information gets utilized. In a nutshell, too much censorship is bad for public image and simply means trying to hide something you don't want people to know! Today, we are so blessed to have Dr. James Huang, a chiropractor, freedom fighter, and expert in Professional Applied Kinesiology.  In this episode he will discuss a wide range of topics including how to overcome fear, the effects of censorship on society, why 5G and chemtrails are harmful to our health, stories of chiropractic miracles during the pandemic, and why normalizing abortion is problematic. Tune in to this knowledgeable episode of the Future Generations Podcast with your host, Dr. Stanton Hom! Quotes: “When you give someone hope, it takes away a lot of fear.” – Dr. James Huang  “Censorship is controlling; it's where we're being controlled. And it shutdowns creativity and freedom.” – Dr. James Huang  “The future generation is not going to happen so much if there's an increase in abortion” – Dr. James Huang  Key Takeaways: People mostly live in fear because they don't think there is a solution for what they are going through. That's why giving people hope by letting them know there is a solution will take out their fear and stand up again. Censorship controls freedom, and they will do everything to stop people from making an impact. But remember that they can't censor people everywhere, and person-to-person interaction is still available for us to speak and make an impact. The complicated process of how babies are created and born is miraculous. Sadly, people normalized the termination of pregnancy to the point that it is now easily accessible. Highlights/Timeline: [01:09] – Introducing Dr. James's personal and professional life [02:56] – Why did being an athlete lead Dr. James on the path to healing and overcoming fear? [10:33] – Dr. James shares his story of being censored on social media [14:47] – What are the effects of censorship? [18:39] – Why 5G and chemtrails are targeted to be censored. [26:10] – What is Dr. James's purpose and mission this year? [28:43] – Dr. James tells  stories of chiropractic miracles during the pandemic [33:03] – What are the common traits of the patients that are treated? [37:35] – Dr. James shares his childhood story of why he is against abortion [40:52] –  What does the future look like? [48:20] – What is the thing that people should take action on? Conclusion: Although we can be censored in social media, humans still have the power of in-person interactions to spread the truth and make an impact. Nothing can stop us, not even censorship, from speaking for what is right and fighting for our freedom. Furthermore, people nowadays do not know the value of life and how complicated creating life is. If we just realize how miraculous it is, it'll help us have the mindset that abortion should not be normalized and every life born in this world is important. Resources: Learn more about Dr. James Huang on: Website: https://www.yelp.com/biz/james-huang-dc-holistic-chiropractic-and-kinesiology-walnut-creek-2  LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/centeryourhealth/  Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drjameshuang/?hl=en  Linktree: https://linktr.ee/Drjames    Learn more about Dr. Stanton Hom on: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/stanhomdc/  Twitter: https://twitter.com/drstantonhom?lang=en  Website: https://futuregenerationssd.com/#   

Better Bible Reading Podcast with Kevin Morris
The Philosophical Task of the Interpreter- Culturology

Better Bible Reading Podcast with Kevin Morris

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 17, 2021 5:50


The Philosophical Task of the Interpreter- Culturology Sometimes it is difficult for people to equate the ministry with the head, since the essence of spiritual life seems to have a heavy bent to wards matters of the heart. Thus, when people think of biblical interpretation, whether for practical application or ministerial/teaching tools, the emphasis is normally outside the realm of philosophical thought. However, although Christianity is much more than an intellectual pursuit, it is certainly not less than such a pursuit! The interpretive task is performed and taught by humans conscious of the world they live in, which brings Christianity into the realm of philosophy and worldview. Orientation That introductory paragraph is something that I am quite confident of, but not something I have always been aware of. In recent months, I have personally been forced to walk within this philosophical awareness in my own transition from a life-long upbringing in a Free-will Baptist denomination to the Presbyterian and Reformed denomination. My transition to a new denomination was possible by two factors: biblical conviction, and a growing awareness of presuppositions and culture. In God's providence, my own transition took place in tandem with enrolling with Moody Bible Institute. How this background experience relates and informs the philosophical task of the interpreter will be made evident in the following sections. Connections Interpreting Scripture has taught me a necessary question to ask in the interpretive process: Is there a true correlation between philosophy, culture and spiritual formation? The textbook “Everyday Theology” has been an excellent study in seeking an informed answer to the question. Kevin J. Vanhoozer implies that this is so: “describing culture as a process of spiritual formation is not to say that we are helpless and hapless victims but rather to call our attention to the fact that spiritual formation is happening to us and to our children all the time” (31). As this process of life happens, we all develop a worldview with a growing array of presuppositions. It is simply impossible to separate this reality of human existence from our processing of information, especially when it comes to biblical interpretation. This is the subjective element of philosophy that must be realized- that everyone who comes to the text of Scripture comes with presuppositions, or to put it strongly, biases. This philosophical awareness has flourished tremendously in this class, but it has done so from the foundation of a previous class Story and Structure of the Bible in which the textbook “Introduction to Biblical Interpretation” introduced me to the concept of presuppositions, defined as preunderstanding: “preunderstanding may be defined as a body of assumptions and attitudes which a person brings to the perception and interpretation of reality or any aspect of it” (Klein et al. 154). While this concept was a minor point in that class, I can see that it laid a healthy foundation for the cultural aspect of this class. Insights The way that Vanhoozer builds upon that foundation of preunderstanding and connects it to the whole pursuit of the philosophical task is by calling readers to implement Romans 12.2 in a comprehensive way: Christians must learn to read the Bible and culture alike […] ‘Do not conform any longer to the pattern of this world but be transformed by the renewing of your mind' (Rom.12.2). The apostolic exhortation confronts us with a question: In which cultural world of meaning do we dwell? (Vanhoozer et al. 35) This concise analysis of Romans 12.2 connects the practical and ministerial task of interpretation with the philosophical task, since the call of Christian growth is a renewing of the mind, and proper obedience to that text requires one to come to terms with the preunderstandings and cultures to which we belong. This has been an incredibly impactful point, since it helps me to avoid undue separation of the philosophical aspect of interpretation from the practical and ministerial aspects, as if they are parallel lines that never intersect (or overlap). Further, the philosophical or preunderstanding dilemma may only be downplayed by those who do so precisely because of a preunderstanding! Conclusion Although philosophy does not answer all the questions of interpretation, I am convinced by this class and Vanhoozer's implementation of culture and Romans 12.2 that the philosophical task is an indispensable facet of the Christian life. Further, one does not interpret in a vacuum. Instead they “wend their Christian way through particular times and places, each with its own problems and possibilities” (16). Since culture is directly tied to life, the philosophical task of biblical interpretation is tied to an awareness of culture and the presuppositions that belong to all of us. This is a pursuit that I wish to implement for the rest of my life, and one that I see as being especially helpful in my upcoming philosophy and theology classes with Moody.

Haws Federal Advisors Podcast
Top Mistakes on Retirement Applications

Haws Federal Advisors Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 25, 2020 9:36


Check out my courses here: https://planyourfederalbenefits.com/courses-main-page/ Check out my articles on FedSmith here: https://www.fedsmith.com/author/dallen-haws/ Federal employees are promised an incredible retirement package and many feds think through every detail to make sure they are ready to stop working. That day finally comes and they submit their retirement application, but the transition isn't as smooth as imagined. First, some of their retirement application forms are rejected because of a white out and then OPM has to go back and forth with your agency to verify your FEHB enrollment. The process gets messy and drawn out. Most feds don't realize how much of their retirement benefits are riding on that fact that their retirement application is filled out correctly. Not to mention that many of the decisions you make on the application will affect the rest of your life. With all that being said, here are a number of things to think about when filling out your retirement application: One of the biggest mistakes on applications are typos and areas left blank. For example, part of the application asks about a spouse or former spouse. This area has to be filled out even if an employee doesn't have a spouse. You will want to ensure that everything is filled out and up to date. Some key information that has to match what your agency has on record is your name, date of birth, and social security number. As I mentioned, no scratch-outs or white-outs will be accepted. A married applicant has the chance to elect a survivor annuity for their spouse. This decision is very important. It will determine how much of your pension your spouse will continue to receive if you were to pass away. If you choose anything less than a full survivor annuity, your spouse will have to sign a consent form that is notarized and included with the application. Also, if you choose to not elect a survivor annuity at all, your spouse would not be able to continue under your FEHB once you pass away. This one decision can have huge consequences throughout your retirement. Because health care costs have increased dramatically in recent years, your FEHB benefit has become an essential part of most retirement plans. In order to keep FEHB in retirement, you must have been enrolled during the 5 years before retirement. You will want to make sure there is documentation in your application that shows that you were covered during that time. Oftentimes, your agency will have documentation only for your most recent enrollment decision. If you made a change with the last 5 years, make sure you are able to show evidence of previous enrollments as well. Conclusion: Although this list is far from being comprehensive for all the retirement application mistakes, it should serve as a reminder to pay attention to the details. There are many decisions in life that don't have a huge impact on our future but retirement decisions are not one of them. The good (and scary) news is that we have the power to educate ourselves and take responsibility for our retirement and futures. The government does provide tremendous benefits but it is still your responsibility to ensure that you use those benefits the best you can.

Haws Federal Advisors Podcast
Top Mistakes on Retirement Applications

Haws Federal Advisors Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 25, 2020 9:36


Check out my courses here: https://planyourfederalbenefits.com/courses-main-page/ Check out my articles on FedSmith here: https://www.fedsmith.com/author/dallen-haws/ Federal employees are promised an incredible retirement package and many feds think through every detail to make sure they are ready to stop working. That day finally comes and they submit their retirement application, but the transition isn't as smooth as imagined. First, some of their retirement application forms are rejected because of a white out and then OPM has to go back and forth with your agency to verify your FEHB enrollment. The process gets messy and drawn out.  Most feds don't realize how much of their retirement benefits are riding on that fact that their retirement application is filled out correctly. Not to mention that many of the decisions you make on the application will affect the rest of your life.  With all that being said, here are a number of things to think about when filling out your retirement application: One of the biggest mistakes on applications are typos and areas left blank. For example, part of the application asks about a spouse or former spouse. This area has to be filled out even if an employee doesn't have a spouse. You will want to ensure that everything is filled out and up to date.  Some key information that has to match what your agency has on record is your name, date of birth, and social security number. As I mentioned, no scratch-outs or white-outs will be accepted.  A married applicant has the chance to elect a survivor annuity for their spouse. This decision is very important. It will determine how much of your pension your spouse will continue to receive if you were to pass away. If you choose anything less than a full survivor annuity, your spouse will have to sign a consent form that is notarized and included with the application. Also, if you choose to not elect a survivor annuity at all, your spouse would not be able to continue under your FEHB once you pass away. This one decision can have huge consequences throughout your retirement. Because health care costs have increased dramatically in recent years, your FEHB benefit has become an essential part of most retirement plans. In order to keep FEHB in retirement, you must have been enrolled during the 5 years before retirement. You will want to make sure there is documentation in your application that shows that you were covered during that time. Oftentimes, your agency will have documentation only for your most recent enrollment decision. If you made a change with the last 5 years, make sure you are able to show evidence of previous enrollments as well.  Conclusion: Although this list is far from being comprehensive for all the retirement application mistakes, it should serve as a reminder to pay attention to the details. There are many decisions in life that don't have a huge impact on our future but retirement decisions are not one of them. The good (and scary) news is that we have the power to educate ourselves and take responsibility for our retirement and futures. The government does provide tremendous benefits but it is still your responsibility to ensure that you use those benefits the best you can.

PaperPlayer biorxiv neuroscience
The effect of stimulus intensity on neural envelope tracking

PaperPlayer biorxiv neuroscience

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 12, 2020


Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.11.245761v1?rss=1 Authors: Verschueren, E., Vanthornhout, J., Francart, T. Abstract: Objectives: The last years there has been significant interest in attempting to recover the temporal envelope of a speech signal from the neural response to investigate neural speech processing. The research focus is now broadening from neural speech processing in normal-hearing listeners towards hearing-impaired listeners. When testing hearing-impaired listeners speech has to be amplified to resemble the effect of a hearing aid and compensate peripheral hearing loss. Until today, it is not known with certainty how or if neural speech tracking is influenced by sound amplification. As these higher intensities could influence the outcome, we investigated the influence of stimulus intensity on neural speech tracking. Design: We recorded the electroencephalogram (EEG) of 20 normal-hearing participants while they listened to a narrated story. The story was presented at intensities from 10 to 80~dB~A. To investigate the brain responses, we analyzed neural tracking of the speech envelope by reconstructing the envelope from EEG using a linear decoder and by correlating the reconstructed with the actual envelope. We investigated the delta (0.5-4 Hz) and the theta (4-8 Hz) band for each intensity. We also investigated the latencies and amplitudes of the responses in more detail using temporal response functions which are the estimated linear response functions between the stimulus envelope and the EEG. Results: Neural envelope tracking is dependent on stimulus intensity in both the TRF and envelope reconstruction analysis. However, provided that the decoder is applied on data of the same stimulus intensity as it was trained on, envelope reconstruction is robust to stimulus intensity. In addition, neural envelope tracking in the delta (but not theta) band seems to relate to speech intelligibility. Similar to the linear decoder analysis, TRF amplitudes and latencies are dependent on stimulus intensity: The amplitude of peak 1 (30-50 ms) increases and the latency of peak 2 (140-160 ms) decreases with increasing stimulus intensity. Conclusion: Although brain responses are influenced by stimulus intensity, neural envelope tracking is robust to stimulus intensity when using the same intensity to test and train the decoder. Therefore we can assume that intensity is not a confound when testing hearing-impaired participants with amplified speech using the linear decoder approach. In addition, neural envelope tracking in the delta band appears to be correlated with speech intelligibility, showing the potential of neural envelope tracking as an objective measure of speech intelligibility. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Medizin - Open Access LMU - Teil 21/22
The pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of tenofovir and emtricitabine in HIV-1-infected pregnant women

Medizin - Open Access LMU - Teil 21/22

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 1, 2013


Objective: To describe the pharmacokinetics of tenofovir and emtricitabine in the third trimester of pregnant HIV-infected women and at postpartum. Design: A nonrandomized, open-label, multicentre phase IV study in HIV-infected pregnant women recruited from HIV treatment centres in Europe. Methods: HIV-infected pregnant women treated with the nucleotide/nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF 300 mg; equivalent to 245 mg tenofovir disoproxil) and/or emtricitabine (FTC 200 mg) were included in the study. Twenty-four-hour pharmacokinetic curves were recorded in the third trimester (preferably week 33) and postpartum (preferably week 4-6). Collection of a cord blood sample and maternal sample at delivery was optional. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using WinNonlin software version 5.3. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 16.0. Results: Thirty-four women were included in the analysis. Geometric mean ratios of third trimester vs. postpartum 90% confidence interval (CI)] were 0.77 (0.71-0.83) for TDF area under the curve (AUC(0-24 h)); 0.81 (0.68-0.96) for TDF C-max and 0.79 (0.70-0.90) for TDF C-24 h and 0.75 (0.68-0.82) for FTC AUC(0-24 h); and 0.87 (0.77-0.99) for FTC C-max and 0.77 (0.52-1.12) for FTC C-24 h. The viral load close to delivery was less than 200 copies/ml in all but one patient, the average gestational age at delivery was 38 weeks. All children were tested HIV-negative and no congenital abnormalities were reported. Conclusion: Although pharmacokinetic exposure of the NRTIs TDF and FTC during pregnancy is approximately 25% lower, this was not associated with virological failure in this study and did not result in mother-to-child transmission. (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins AIDS 2013, 27:739-748

Medizin - Open Access LMU - Teil 20/22
Factors influencing the efficiency of generating genetically engineered pigs by nuclear transfer: multi-factorial analysis of a large data set

Medizin - Open Access LMU - Teil 20/22

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 1, 2013


Background: Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) using genetically engineered donor cells is currently the most widely used strategy to generate tailored pig models for biomedical research. Although this approach facilitates a similar spectrum of genetic modifications as in rodent models, the outcome in terms of live cloned piglets is quite variable. In this study, we aimed at a comprehensive analysis of environmental and experimental factors that are substantially influencing the efficiency of generating genetically engineered pigs. Based on a considerably large data set from 274 SCNT experiments (in total 18,649 reconstructed embryos transferred into 193 recipients), performed over a period of three years, we assessed the relative contribution of season, type of genetic modification, donor cell source, number of cloning rounds, and pre-selection of cloned embryos for early development to the cloning efficiency. Results: 109 (56%) recipients became pregnant and 85 (78%) of them gave birth to offspring. Out of 318 cloned piglets, 243 (76%) were alive, but only 97 (40%) were clinically healthy and showed normal development. The proportion of stillborn piglets was 24% (75/318), and another 31% (100/318) of the cloned piglets died soon after birth. The overall cloning efficiency, defined as the number of offspring born per SCNT embryos transferred, including only recipients that delivered, was 3.95%. SCNT experiments performed during winter using fetal fibroblasts or kidney cells after additive gene transfer resulted in the highest number of live and healthy offspring, while two or more rounds of cloning and nuclear transfer experiments performed during summer decreased the number of healthy offspring. Conclusion: Although the effects of individual factors may be different between various laboratories, our results and analysis strategy will help to identify and optimize the factors, which are most critical to cloning success in programs aiming at the generation of genetically engineered pig models.

Medizin - Open Access LMU - Teil 19/22
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis after Pemetrexed and Cisplatin for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in a Patient with Sharp Syndrome

Medizin - Open Access LMU - Teil 19/22

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 1, 2012


Background: Pemetrexed is an antifolate drug approved for maintenance and second-line therapy, and, in combination with cisplatin, for first-line treatment of advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer. The side-effect profile includes fatigue, hematological and gastrointestinal toxicity, an increase in hepatic enzymes, sensory neuropathy, and pulmonary and cutaneous toxicity in various degrees. Case Report: We present the case of a 58-year-old woman with history of Sharp's syndrome and adenocarcinoma of the lung, who developed toxic epidermal necrolysis after the first cycle of pemetrexed, including erythema, bullae, extensive skin denudation, subsequent systemic inflammation and severe deterioration in general condition. The generalized skin lesions occurred primarily in the previous radiation field and responded to immunosuppressive treatment with prednisone. Conclusion: Although skin toxicity is a well-known side effect of pemetrexed, severe skin reactions after pemetrexed administration are rare. Caution should be applied in cases in which pemetrexed is given subsequent to radiation therapy, especially in patients with pre-existing skin diseases.

Medizin - Open Access LMU - Teil 19/22
Treatment strategies for oesophageal cancer - time-trends and long term outcome data from a large tertiary referral centre

Medizin - Open Access LMU - Teil 19/22

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 1, 2012


Background and objectives: Treatment options for oesophageal cancer have changed considerably over the last decades with the introduction of multimodal treatment concepts dominating the progress in the field. However, it remains unclear in how far the documented scientific progress influenced and changed the daily routine practice. Since most patients with oesophageal cancer generally suffer from reduced overall health conditions it is uncertain how high the proportion of aggressive treatments is and whether outcomes are improved substantially. In order to gain insight into this we performed a retrospective analysis of patients treated at a larger tertiary referral centre over time course of 25 years. Patients and methods: Data of all patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) of the oesophagus, treated between 1983 and 2007 in the department of radiation oncology of the LMU, were obtained. The primary endpoint of the data collection was overall survival (calculated from the date of diagnosis until death or last follow up). Changes in basic clinical characteristics, treatment approach and the effect on survival were analysed after dividing the cohort into five subsequent time periods (I-V) with 5 years each. In a second analysis any pattern of change regarding the use of radio(chemo) therapy (R(C) T) with and without surgery was determined. Results: In total, 503 patients with SCC (78.5%) and AC (18.9%) of the oesophagus were identified. The average age was 60 years (range 35-91 years). 56.5% of the patients were diagnose with advanced UICC stages III-IV. R(C) T was applied to 353 (70.2%) patients; R(C)T+ surgery was performed in 134 (26.6%) patients, 63.8% of all received chemotherapy (platinum-based 5.8%, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 12.1%, 42.3% 5-FU and mitomycin C (MMC)). The median follow-up period was 4.3 years. The median overall survival was 21.4 months. Over the time, patients were older, the formal tumour stage was more advanced, the incidence of AC was higher and the intensified treatment had a higher prevalence. However there was only a trend for an improved OS over the years with no difference between RCT with or without surgery (p = 0.09). The use of radiation doses over 54 Gy and the addition of chemotherapy (p = 0.002) were associated with improved OS. Conclusion: Although more complex treatment protocols were introduced into clinical routine, only a minor progress in OS rates was detectable. Main predictors of outcome in this cohort was the addition of chemotherapy. The addition of surgery to radio-chemotherapy may only be of value for very limited patient groups.

Medizin - Open Access LMU - Teil 16/22
Photodynamic Therapy of Necrobiosis Lipoidica - A Multicenter Study of 18 Patients

Medizin - Open Access LMU - Teil 16/22

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 1, 2009


Background: Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a granulomatous skin disease of unknown origin, and no reliably effective treatment option exists to handle this often disfiguring disease. Recently, a patient with long-lasting NL was reported to be cured by topical photodynamic therapy (PDT). Objective: To evaluate the overall potential of PDT in the treatment of NL on the lower legs. Methods: Retrospective study of 18 patients (aged 16 - 62 years) from 3 European university departments of dermatology treated with PDT for NL. Methyl aminolevulinate or 5-aminolevulinic acid were used as topically applied photosensitizers. Illumination followed with red light-emitting diode light. Results: Complete response was seen in 1/18 patients after 9 PDT cycles, and partial response in 6/18 patients (2 - 14 PDT cycles) giving an overall response rate of 39% (7/18). Conclusion: Although almost 40% of the cases showed some degree of response, PDT cannot currently be recommended as first-line therapy of NL. Subpopulations of therapy-resistant NL patients may, however, benefit from PDT. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel