The Information Entropy Podcast

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast where this week we are continuing our exploration of addiction! Last week we covered the mechanisms of substance use disorders and behavioural addictions but this week we focus on the interaction between neurodivergence (Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD) and addiction, why some people might be more vulnerable than others, and the nature of video game behavioural addiction. Tom then opens the debate on whether people suffering from addiction actually have a choice or whether the behavioural and biological mechanisms are so far gone that their choice is made for them. Music: HOME – AWAY

This week on The Information Entropy Podcast, we dig into what addiction actually is — beyond the stereotypes. We explore the difference between chemical dependence and behavioural addictions, trace how our understanding has shifted from the old “just say no” model to a modern brain-based view, and look at why teenagers and young adults are particularly vulnerable. It's science, it's storytelling, and as always, it's us waffling about random things while trying our hardest to stay on track. Music: HOME – AWAY

This week, we dive into the chemical dark arts of the natural world. What is the difference between a poison and a venom? Why do some animals weaponize their biochemistry while others simply make themselves too toxic to touch? We explore how different toxins work at the molecular level, how evolution turns simple enzymes into precision biological weapons. From cobras fine-tuning neurotoxins in an evolutionary arms race, to plants quietly loading their tissues with defensive chemistry, we unravel how life learned to kill — or defend — with molecules. All while we lose it along the way with our own hilarity and stupidity :D Music: HOME – AWAY

This week we dive into the wonderfully weird world of the Ig Nobel Prizes — celebrating research that makes you laugh, then think. But first, as always, we take the scenic route: detouring through music, coffee philosophy, and the art of the perfect cheese toastie before actually getting to the science. We explore whether painted cows can really fend off flies, how physics explains why cacio e pepe sauce clumps, what happens when scientists get bats drunk on purpose, and how narcissists react when you tell them they're geniuses (or not). Between aviation, physics, psychology, and literature, this one's equal parts silly and smart — the episode where science meets stupidity in the best possible way. Music: HOME – AWAY

This week, Tom dives into the endlessly complex world of fractals, repeating patterns that appear everywhere from galaxies to your lungs. Tom explores how fractals shape the natural world, why measuring something as simple as a coastline turns out to be impossible, and what happens in the brain when people on psychedelics see fractal-like visions. That may not seem like science but LSD consumption and fractals have had a profound impact on our understanding of the brain and how we function. Music: HOME – AWAY

This week on The Information Entropy Podcast, we're diving into the science behind the 2025 Nobel Prizes — the discoveries that shaped this year's biggest scientific headlines.   Firstly, Tom apologises for his audio, we double checked everything but sadly audacity glitches strike again. But if you can bear it, it was a very fun episode!   In Physics, we explore how researchers made quantum mechanics go big, building superconducting circuits that behave like single quantum particles — the groundwork for quantum computers of the future. In Chemistry, it's all about molecular architecture. The laureates designed metal–organic frameworks — crystalline structures so porous they can trap gases, harvest water from desert air, and maybe even help clean up the planet. And in Physiology or Medicine, we meet the immune system's own peacekeepers: regulatory T cells. Their discovery revealed how the body prevents its defences from turning on itself, paving the way for new treatments in autoimmune disease, cancer, and organ transplantation. So join us as we unpack the science, the stories, and a bit of the chaos behind this year's Nobel Prizes — with our usual mix of curiosity, tangents, and mild existential dread. Music: HOME – AWAY

This week we return for some planetary defence chat with some tangents along the way! The boys start off speaking about the changing nature of AI use and its real-world implications. Once on topic they turn to discussing how one might go about avoiding interstellar catastrophe. Is it possible to move large objects in space out of the way, what about using stellar engines to move the sun and all the planets along with it? What are these marvellous machines and how would they function? Music: HOME – AWAY

This week on we're looking at how Earth protects itself from dangers that come hurtling out of space. Mitch takes us through NASA's DART mission and what it means for defending the planet against near-Earth objects — those asteroids and comets that occasionally pass a little too close for comfort. Meanwhile, Tom explores solar storms: massive eruptions from our Sun that could knock out satellites, fry power grids, and disrupt life as we know it. Music: HOME – AWAY

Are we alone in the universe? This week we dive into the science of astrobiology — the hunt for life beyond Earth. From NASA's latest discovery of potential biosignatures on Mars to the strange possibilities of methane seas on Titan and silicon-based aliens straight out of science fiction, we explore what it takes for a world to be habitable, how scientists search for life, and what counts as real evidence. Music: HOME – AWAY

From the phone in your pocket to the car on your driveway, batteries quietly power modern life. But how do these tiny boxes of chemistry actually work? In this episode we crack open the science of batteries — from the basics of anodes, cathodes, and electrolytes, to the differences between lithium-ion, alkaline, and lead–acid cells. We explore why voltage and current matter, how thousands of cells are scaled up to run electric cars, and what really happens when batteries fail or catch fire. We also dig into why they wear out over time, the challenge of long-term storage, and the big question: can energy storage keep up with our growing global demand? Batteries aren't just about powering gadgets — they may shape the entire future of energy.

Join us on this episode as we delve into the stealthy threat of appendicitis. We explore the anatomy of the appendix, why its obstruction turns emergency, how symptoms can mislead even seasoned clinicians, and what scores like Alvarado and AIR add to the diagnostic toolkit. We'll guide you through the treatment landscape— from keyhole surgery to antibiotic-first strategies—highlighting the risks, benefits, and when each is appropriate. Through real-life cases, we'll underscore the consequences of a delayed diagnosis and the power of early intervention.

Ever wonder why you keep scrolling, buying, or clicking — even when you know you shouldn't? In this episode, we dive into the science of attention and the clever tricks marketers and social media platforms use to capture it. From supermarket layouts and clever packaging to TikTok's endless scroll and online ads, we explore how your brain is being subtly steered and why compulsive behaviours like doomscrolling are so hard to resist. Music: HOME - AWAY

Ever wonder why we spend a third of our lives lying in the dark trying to hallucinate? ME TOO FRIEND! So, come and dive into the science of sleep, from the stages your brain cycles through, to the surprising tricks animals use to rest, and the shocking effects of going without sleep. Plus, explore why we sometimes stay up late on purpose and what really makes sleep restorative. Music: HOME – AWAY

The universe is vast—hundreds of billions of stars, trillions of planets—so where is everyone? This week we dive into the Fermi Paradox, the puzzling question of why we haven't found any signs of intelligent extraterrestrial life despite the overwhelming odds. We break down the science behind the paradox, explore the Drake Equation, and examine possible explanations for the cosmic silence—from civilizations being short-lived to the unsettling idea of the Great Filter. Is the galaxy teeming with life that hides from us, or are we truly alone? Music: HOME – AWAY

This week we're back in the world of dog minds, digging into whether dogs really understand the words we say, or if we're just wishful-thinking pet parents. We explore why they might ignore our commands, whether their so-called “bad behaviour” is actually intentional, and how different training styles affect behaviour. It's dog psychology with a healthy dose of science, scepticism, and sympathy for the little chaos machines we love

The UK's Online Safety Act just went live — and it's got nothing to do with safety. In this episode, we break down how this sweeping new law threatens free speech, demands intrusive age checks, and opens the door to mass surveillance. We'll expose the tech behind the ID dragnet, unpack the VPN boom, and ask the big question: is this the end of online privacy in Britain? Plug in, encrypt everything, and hit play — your digital freedom depends on it.

This week we dive into the minds of dogs — exploring how they interpret human gestures, what their behaviour might reveal about their emotions, and whether breed really shapes personality. We break down the science of training, cognition, and attachment — and ask what's really going on behind those puppy-dog eyes. Turns out, your dog might be understanding more than you think. And probably judging you a little less than you fear. Music: HOME – AWAY

This week we dive into the twisted psychology behind reality TV. From enforced gender stereotypes to the dark influence of producers, we explore how contestants are pushed, manipulated, and reshaped for the cameras. What makes people obey, conform, or completely lose themselves on screen? Think Love Island meets the Milgram experiment—with a dose of online misinformation, social pressure, and the false belief that everyone else thinks just like you.

What makes perfectly sane people eat bugs, betray teammates, or forget their own name on national TV? This week, we dive into the wild world of game show psychology—from group conformity and mob mentality to time pressure and full-blown cognitive collapse. We unravel the science behind why the game format lowers our guard, how 30% of a group can flip the entire consensus, and why your brain starts short-circuiting the moment a buzzer goes off. Spoiler: it's not just about the money. Music: HOME - AWAY

Welcome to this very special episode of the Information Entropy Podcast: Episode 150! Today we take a bit more of a relaxed approach to the structure of the episode exploring a variety of topics that we find interesting such as new space telescopes and their discoveries as well as the influence that games are having and will have on our technology in the future. Thank you to each and every one of you who tunes in, whether for a few minutes or each and every week. Music: HOME – AWAY

In this episode of The Information Entropy Podcast, Tom explores one of the biggest mysteries in modern cosmology: the Hubble tension. Why do we get different answers while measuring the expansion rate of the universe? Is our standard model of the cosmos missing a crucial piece of the puzzle? Join Tom as he journeys from the discovery of cosmic expansion and the Big Bang, through the ingredients of our universe, to the Nobel Prize-winning revelation that expansion is accelerating — and then into the heart of the tension that's challenging our understanding of the cosmos. We'll look at how scientists are tackling this problem, what it could mean for the ultimate fate of the universe, and why this is a moment of exciting discovery. Music: HOME - AWAY

In this episode of The Information Entropy Podcast, we explore the science of ageing—what it is, why it happens, and how it affects the body and brain over time. We dig into cellular damage, stem cell decline, and metabolic theories like the Rate of Living Hypothesis. Plus, we ask why animals like Greenland sharks live for centuries while others burn out in months, and why time seems to speed up as we get older. Packed with biology, big questions, and the usual chaotic commentary. Music: HOME – AWAY

We're back for round two on conservation — and this time we're naming names. From habitat loss and invasive species to climate chaos and pollution, we break down the Big Five threats that are pushing species to the brink. Mitch digs into the Svalbard Seed Vault, the planet's frozen backup drive for food and biodiversity, and we unpack the economics of conservation — who pays to save the planet, who profits from wrecking it, and whether nature can really be priced in pounds and dollars. Music: HOME – AWAY

This week, we're getting into the wild world of conservation — the science of saving stuff before it disappears forever. But it's not all noble rangers and panda logos. Conservation is complicated. It's where ecology crashes headfirst into politics, economics, and some big ethical questions about what we value and why. We break down what conservation really means today, why it's not just about protecting animals but entire ecosystems, and why humans are now part of the systems we're trying to save. Then we dive into the IUCN Red List — the global scoreboard of extinction — and unpack how scientists actually figure out whether a species is vulnerable, endangered, or officially gone. It's got spreadsheets, thresholds, and way more urchins than you'd expect. From the origins of the conservation movement to the hard science behind who lives and who dies, this episode asks: can we really protect nature while still being part of the problem? Music: HOME – AWAY

In this final "Middle Ages" episode, we take a closer look at how medieval weapons were made—from the blacksmith's forge to the battlefield. We explore the practical science behind forging and quenching steel, how techniques developed across Europe and Japan, and what this meant for the weapons themselves. We also examine how swordsmanship evolved alongside metallurgy, from early battlefield combat to the structured environments of tournaments. That includes a look at techniques like the Mordhau, and how fighting styles changed as both armour and social attitudes shifted. It's an episode about materials, methods, and the people behind the weapons—not just how they were used, but how they were made to last. Music: HOME - AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast. This week, we are following the evolutionary arms race between medieval units. The infantry, the missile troops, and the cavalry. A delicate balance of strengths and weaknesses on the battlefield, but how and why did these roles evolve over time and what were the driving forces behind that change? As the art of the sword became more refined and “gentlemanly”, we look at the codex Wallerstein to see how it became the guidebook on swordplay and took influence from martial arts. Music: HOME – AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast. This week, we're storming the gates—literally. From scaling walls and battering gates to digging tunnels under your enemies and flinging plague-ridden cows into castles, we dive into the gritty science and strategy behind medieval siege warfare. Learn how castles were taken (or not), how defenders fought back, and why flinging a bucket of piss wasn't just personal—it was tactical. Trebuchets, moats, murder holes, tunnelling, and a whole lot of rocks—because sometimes brute force really was the plan. Music: HOME – AWAY

In this episode of The Information Entropy Podcast, we catapult ourselves into the world of medieval castles. Join us as we unpack the science and strategy behind castle defence, from murder holes and machicolations to position, structure, and power. We're digging deep into how medieval castles were designed as layered defensive machines and the evolution of their design. Castles weren't cosy stone palaces—they were engineered war machines. Music: HOME - AWAY

This week, we're diving deep into the weird and wonderful world of memory — both biological and mechanical. From how your brain stores the smell of grandma's house to how your laptop remembers where your holiday photos are, we explore what memory actually is, how it works, and why your version of events might be completely wrong. We'll explain how neurons store memories, why your brain edits the past like a drunk film director, and how trauma changes memory in ways that can shape your entire life. Then we plug in and switch gears to look at how computers store information — from magnetic disks to binary code to why your SSD might outlive your attention span. As always, expect a healthy dose of solid science, questionable analogies, and the kind of off-topic nonsense that makes this The Information Entropy Podcast. Music: HOME - AWAY

Welcome back to The Information Entropy Podcast! This week, we're diving into the fascinating world of music. Mitch kicks things off with some important news and clarifications for the ASD community, clearing up a few common misconceptions. Then it's straight into the science, as Tom unpacks the origins of musical notes — where they came from, and why we even have them in the first place. From there, the conversation flows into the physics of harmonics and the evolution of the orchestra as an organised collective of sound-makers. To wrap it all up, Mitch asks the question we've all thought at some point: what exactly is the conductor doing up there? Music: HOME – AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast where this week we are questioning why some animals live to be 500 and others less than a day! Tom starts with some out of this world news before the boys get onto the topic in a semi-reasonable time this week! The boys explore different life history strategies and the effects it has at an individual and population level, when is it more beneficial to live fast and when is the slower approach more appropriate, and what effects does each have on our ability to perceive and interact with the world around us? The boys discover how much they didn't know about the Greenland shark, so you're bound to learn something! Music: HOME - AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast we're exploring the fascinating world of forests…. Eventually. First the boys get lost on their adventure and they talk about moving house and some life updates. Mitch explores the next steps in light-based computing technologies before the boys debate whether dire wolves are really back! Then onto forests: Tom defines what they are and explores the different layers and their ecological niches. Mitch looks at the different types of forests and how they sequester carbon from our atmosphere. To round out the show the boys discuss forest psychology and the impact that being in a forest has on us. Music: HOME - AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast where today we are exploring the world of Plains and Grasslands! What are plains and grasslands in the first place and why are they scientifically interesting? Mitch defines them and Tom looks at how they form. The boys then explore the important ecosystem services that plains provide in the form of carbon sequestration while also investigating the fascinating interactions keystone species (such as lions) have on their environment. Music: HOME - AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast where Tom is back at his lone ramblings on Vocal Learning. In the previous episodes Tom explored what vocal learning is and how we categorise/define it. This week Tom is taking a look at the implications of being able to choose when to vocalise. A crucial underpinning of proper language use is our ability to produce the sounds when we want to, but what if we can't? How do other species compare? How do we even test it to find out? Music: HOME – AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast where this week, we're climbing to new heights—literally—as we take a deep dive into the science of mountains! From the violent tectonic forces that build them to the brutal conditions of the Death Zone, we break down what makes these towering giants so extreme. Why do some mountains keep growing while others crumble away? How do animals survive in one of the harshest habitats on Earth? And what happens to the human body when you climb above 8,000 meters? (Spoiler: It's not great.) Music: HOME - AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast where today we are taking you on a wild and chaotic episode of Swamps! Yes, the wetlands that are smelly and gross… much like the opening half of the episode. Mitch takes us on a journey exploring the immune response to food poisoning to shed light on his week and it is fascinating as well as horrifying. Back on track the boys explore what differentiates swamps from other wetland habitats, how important they are for carbon sequestration, and the Surinam Toad… but if you have trypophobia don't listen to that bit! Music: HOME - AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast where we are exploring islands! Islands are one of the most fascinating things for scientists to study and unveil massive amounts of information about the world around us. By looking at island formation we understand continents. By look at animal and plant dispersal methods to islands we extrapolate to population level movements. Islands offer unique looks into evolutionary effects of isolation and specific environmental conditions. So, join us this week as we explore what makes islands so special. Music: HOME - AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast! Today, we dive into the invisible forces that shape our world. Tom kicks things off by exploring the surprisingly misunderstood emu—are these birds really as dumb as they seem? Mitch takes us on a journey through the oceans and the cosmos to unravel the mysteries of tidal forces. What causes tides, and what are their broader impacts? Tom then heats things up, delving into kinetic and potential energy to explain why things get hot and how heat transfers across materials and systems. Finally, Mitch wraps up the episode with a look at the Casimir effect and the strange behavior of quantum mechanics. Music: HOME - AWAY.

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast where Tom is a lone rambling madman taking you through one of his favourite science topics: Vocal Learning. Where does language come from? Why do different places have different dialects or accents? How can we learn where language has come from through the comparative assessment of behaviour with other animals? Well, you're in the right place to get all of the background information on this complex topic! Music: HOME – AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast where today we looking into the invisible forces that hold together our very existence. From gravity to magnetism, the universe is ruled by invisible forces we can't see but feel every day. This week, Mitch breaks down the four fundamental forces of nature, exploring how they hold everything together—from atoms to galaxies. Meanwhile, Tom dives into the weird world of magnetism, uncovering how spinning electrons create powerful, unseen fields and why magnetism and electricity are really the same thing. Music: HOME - AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast where today we are exploring Microplastics! Microplastics are everywhere—in the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. But what happens when they make their way inside our bodies? In this episode, we explore how microplastics enter the human system, where they accumulate, and what the latest research says about their potential health effects. From their presence in human blood, lungs, and even placentas, to concerns about inflammation, toxic chemical exposure, and long-term risks, we take a serious look at what these microscopic particles could mean for our health and the future. With plastic production showing no signs of slowing down, are we already past the point of no return? Music: HOME - AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast where today we are exploring Nothing! No, really… can nothing even exist? Tom takes a look at the philosophical underpinnings of exploring nothingness and the journey some of the most famous minds in history have taken in understanding it. Mitch then takes us into a vacuum to see if these are really places where “nothing” can exist as we would expect. Tom talks about atoms and whether they really are 99.9999% empty and Mitch explains it with Zero Point Energy. The boys end up the show rambling about equations and “nothing”. Music: HOME - AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast where this week we taking a look at plants. It may seem crazy to ask, but what are plants and why are they so different to animals or fungi? Well, if you are curious then find out here! Tom looks at some crazy plant behaviours and then explains how plants will communicate to each other. Mitch on the other hand looks at ballistic seed dispersal and carnivorous plants. P.S. Tom's audio is of potato quality because of technical difficulties and so we apologise if this is insufferable for anyone and understand if you skip this episode. Music: HOME - AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast where this week are diving into the world of cognitive biases! Where do they come from and how does it impact our day to day lives? Mitch looks at the current TikTok banning as a springboard to assess the reactance bias, why are we reluctant to do things that we are told to do? He then dives into cognitive dissonance where we question performing actions that go against our morals but find ways to justify it. On the other side, Tom takes a question based approach looking at the study of heuristics and how we have to be careful of cognitive biases in science. Music: HOME - AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast for our first show of the year where we will be looking at habits and resolutions! The boys explore the difference between habits and routines and the habit loop so you can understand how to best form new behaviours! Tom explores the brain and neuroscience behind habit formation while Mitch enlightens us on the difference between motivation and discipline. Music: HOME - AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast for our final show of the year. Join the boys as they take a festive approach to science exploring the past year and rambling all the way. Mitch explores where Christmas as a holiday originated along with its various traditions such as gift giving and lights in our trees. Tom looks at the neuroscience behind finding and receiving the perfect gift as well as some festive biology and finally some facts! The boys take a chill approach to the final show of the year so sit back and relax and we'll see you all next year.  Music: HOME - AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast where Tom is a lone rambling madman taking you through one of his favourite science topics: Vocal Learning. Where does language come from? Why do different places have different dialects or accents? How can we learn where language has come from through the comparative assessment of behaviour with other animals? Well you're in the right place to get all of the background information on this complex topic! Music: HOME - AWAY

Welcome back to the Information Entropy Podcast where we're exploring the incredible: Australia! We've been away for a little while so we're a bit rusty and tangents are abound in this episode (so be warned). But why does Australia host such a diverse range of species? Why do some of those species hop as their main form of locomotion and have their underdeveloped young crawl up into their puch after 30 days of pregnancy? Yes, Kangaroos are that weird. And why can everything kill you out there? Well, look no further as we have the answers! Music: HOME - AWAY

This week on the Information Entropy Podcast, Mitchell takes the mic solo to explore the vast world of the Internet. He dives into its fascinating origins with ARPANET, traces its evolution through the rise of the World Wide Web, and examines the modern landscape shaped by social media and the Internet of Things (IoT). It's a journey through the technology that connects us all. Tune in, subscribe, and join the conversation!

In this episode, we're diving into the science of food preservation. Ever wondered how we've gone from food spoiling in days to some items lasting years? We'll explore the evolution of preservation techniques, from ancient methods like salting and fermentation to the modern-day chemistry of preservatives and refrigeration. Join us as we break down how these techniques work, the science behind keeping food fresh, and what's really happening at the molecular level to make your food last. Music: HOME - AWAY

On this Halloween episode, we're diving into the science of fear. From the alarms set off in our brains to the psychological forces that drive our survival instincts, we're unpacking what fear really is and why it shapes us so deeply. We'll trace fear's roots back to our earliest ancestors, explore how it lingers in our memories, and examine why some fears are impossible to shake. Dim the lights and settle in as we take a closer look at the science lurking behind what makes us afraid. Music: HOME - AWAY