Podcasts about islands

note from the archivist: Jimmy did not write episode notes for the remaining episodes. However, an explanation is required. umgelenkt. Jimmy wrote these episodes, recorded them, and then began writing a book on WerBell. He wrote expanded the podcast manuscript into a book (and fixed some errors) but was required to stop writing for personal reasons. Jimmy did not stop due to what he found. additional note: Much of the Libertine Group remains obscured although Jimmy suspects that it may link to the Delta Network and far-right transnational libertarian networks which also remain obscured. Research at your own risk. incredibly hard artwork by Robert Voyvodic (@rvoy__) Songs: Funky Soul Down In Abaco by The Funk Connection I'm an Island Boy by the Island Boys

Today, The Conversation hosts a call-in show with guests from AARP to discuss Social Security concerns. Call in live, or leave a voicemail at 808-792-8217. You can also email The Conversation at talkback@hawaiipublicradio.org.

Anthony Giancatarino, strategic partner for the nonprofit Taproot Earth, discusses empowering under-served communities in the wake of disaster; Lt. Gov. Sylvia Luke meets with USDA officials to discuss Hawaiʻi's agricultural priorities

Historian Ronald Williams Jr. takes a look at the role tariffs played in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi; Researcher Richelle Moskvichev shares evidence that sea levels in Hawaiʻi are rising faster than expected

Welcome to Part 1 of our Universal Orlando series! In this episode, we give you a full overview of what Universal Orlando Resort has to offer for families—covering Universal Studios Florida, Islands of Adventure, Volcano Bay and Epic Universe- Universal's newest theme park!Whether you're a Disney regular curious about switching things up or planning your first Universal vacation, this episode will help you decide if Universal Orlando is a good fit for your family's next adventure.✅ What rides does Universal have to offer?✅ What makes Universal different from Disney?✅ How family-friendly are the parks, really?Join us as we break it all down and help you start planning your next magical (or thrilling) vacation!

Johnson Choi, president of the Hong Kong China Hawaiʻi Chamber of Commerce, discusses the tit-for-tat tariffs between the U.S. and China; Pacific Forum, a think tank with a mission of contributing to peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific, celebrates 50 years

In this week's episode, we take a look at the Nuckelavee and other Scottish folklore, including the Bogle.OBSCURATA - Apple Spotify AmazonThe BOOKBY US A COFFEEJoin Sarah's new FACEBOOK GROUPSubscribe to our PATREONEMAIL us your storiesJoin us on INSTAGRAMJoin us on TWITTERJoin us on FACEBOOKVisit our WEBSITEResearch Links:Orkneyjar – The Folklore of the Orkney Islands (sea myths and the Nuckelavee) – http://www.orkneyjar.comDennison, Walter Traill (1891). Orkney Folklore: Sea Myths (first recorded account of the Nuckelavee).“The Big Grey Man of Ben MacDhui” – The Scotsman (Feb 14, 2005) – https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/the-big-grey-man-of-ben-macdui-2507058Campbell, John G. (1902). Witchcraft & Second Sight in the Highlands & Islands of Scotland.Mythfolks – The Bogle (Scottish folklore summary) – https://www.mythfolks.com/scottish-folkloreThanks so much for listening, and we'll catch up with you again on Wednesday.Sarah and Tobie xx"Spacial Winds," Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licenced under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 Licencehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/;;;SURVEY Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

How could tariffs impact consumer prices in Hawaiʻi?; The Hawaiʻi Department of Health confirms a second presumptive case of the measles in a Hawaiʻi resident

Hello everyone, it's Bill Thompson – T Bill. Some of the things covered on today's session include:The market's recent volatility.Amazon has begun cancelling orders from China. Islands inhabited by only penguins hit with tariffs. How the bond market may have led to a pull back on tariffs. February Inflation down to lowest levels in four years. Increased private equity investment on Major League Baseball.  

Clear turquoise waters, a slow-paced lifestyle, delectable food, and rich history are just a few of the features that make the Greek Islands an ideal place to lead yoga retreats. In this episode, my guest Lily Dwyer Begg and I reminisce about a retreat that she led (and I assisted) this past fall on the island of Amorgos. The conversation highlights unique elements of Greek culture and local experiences that can be integrated into a retreat. We also spill the tea on which Islands off the beaten tourist path are most highly recommended by the locals. Tune in to get the inside scoop on leading a yoga retreat in the Greek Islands. EPISODE HIGHLIGHTS: 02:04 Why Greece? Personal Reflections 07:03 How to Integrate Greek Culture with Your Retreat 14:20 Financial Considerations for Retreats 21:43 Potential Challenges 24:49 Choosing a Greek Island 28:08 Retreat Centers and Recommendations 37:55 Final Thoughts and Reflections   EPISODE LINKS & RESOURCES: Episode 271: The Power of Place: How to Choose The Right Location for Your Yoga Retreat Lily Dwyer Begg Yoga Follow Lily on Instagram @lilydwyerbegg Follow Lily on Facebook Retreat Roadmap   LINKS AND RESOURCES: Follow YTR on Instagram @yoga.teacher.resource  Join the Yoga Teacher Resource email list Join the Yoga Teacher Resource Facebook Group Learn more about the Impact Club Leave a review on iTunes Ask a question for the podcast on the Yoga Teacher Resource website or on SpeakPipe

This is your monthly guide to the world's wildest travel stories – one adventure at a time. Every month on Pathways, host Aaron Millar and producer Jason Paton crack open a few stories, play their favorite clips, and take you on a whirlwind preview of what's coming up on Armchair Explorer. It's part travel hangout, part behind-the-scenes, part “wait, you did what?”—and all of it is designed to help you find your next great escape. This month, we're going deep. Deep into the world's oldest rainforest. Deep into the soul of South Australia. And deep into the heart of America's wildest frontier with one of the great explorers of our time.

We're Going To Need A Bigger Cooler! Florida Captain's share some of their most unexpected catches. Let's discuss! Do you have a question about fishing in your area? Email rick@floridasportsman.com and we'll answer your questions on the air. Outline of Episode 287 [1:57] Northeast Report [9:02] South East Report            [19:23] South Report [29:08] 10,000 Islands  [37:54] Southwest Report [45:51] West Central Report [53:30] Big Bend Report [1:02:00] Panhandle Report [1:07:01] Florida Wrap-Up A BIG thanks to each of our sponsors, without whom we would not be able to bring you these reports each week Yamaha Outboards • Shimano Fishing • Tournament Master Chum • D.O.A. Lures • Fishing Nosara / Nosara Paradise Rentals • Young Boats  

BJ says bartenders everywhere are weary of customers who order long island ice teas.

Dr. Jim Ireland provides the latest information on the confirmed case of measles on Oʻahu; Junior Genshu Price wins the Gloria Barron Prize for his work collecting money from recycled bottles and cans to fund scholarships

Matthew Gore/NightGlass Media Group NightGlass has been crafting powerful, purpose-driven media for businesses and organizations for over 30 years. They’re a full-service video production company offering everything from concept to final cut--handled entirely in-house with no subcontractors. Unlike traditional agencies, their pricing is transparent, their process is personal, and you'll never be forwarded to voicemail, […] The post Matthew Gore with NightGlass Media Group and Matthew Bowling with Lanier Islands Resort appeared first on Business RadioX ®.

A Consul General of France meets with military and state officials in Hawaiʻi; Peace Corps braces for the possibility of cuts after DOGE visit

Heading Off is our weekly travel segment where we pick a destination and learn what's it's like to visit. Today we are heading to the Chatham Islands.

Jarrod Lopiccolo is a leader in creative digital performance marketing with a background in architecture. With his wife Season as co-founder, Jarrod has led Noble Studios as CEO, building it from the ground up and collaborating with top global brands such as Adobe, Google, and the Islands of Tahiti. Their visionary leadership has earned the agency accolades like the AdAge “Best Places to Work - 2024” and Inc “2023 Best in Business - Advertising” awards.Jarrod's passion for exploring new technologies is contagious, and he brings that energy and excitement to every conversation, showing how innovations like AI, sustainability and personalisation are reshaping digital marketing and driving unprecedented results. Jarrod's leadership expertise and entrepreneurial experience make him a highly sought-after speaker. His unique blend of enthusiastic creativity, technical know-how, and leadership experience makes him the perfect guest for podcasts looking for B2B thought leaders, especially one with marketing chops and extensive experience in travel and tourism. Jarrod offers valuable insights and actionable advice to those aiming to improve their leadership skills or scale their business.Join Jarrod's 21-year journey of entrepreneurship, innovation, and leadership. From young architect to global agency founder, he shares insights on AI, marketing, and company culture. A must-watch for entrepreneurs and leaders seeking inspiration!CHAPTERS:00:00 - Intro02:05 - Starting a Business: Key Steps05:25 - Early Years of Business: Challenges & Growth08:10 - The Impact of AI on Your Business08:58 - How AI is Changing the Marketing Industry13:03 - Opening an Office in England: Expansion Strategies16:33 - The Tough Stuff of Growing a Business20:51 - Shedding That Skin: Adapting to Change21:50 - EOS: Entrepreneurial Operating System Explained23:50 - KPIs and Scoreboards: Measuring Success27:35 - Creating a Path for Employees to Succeed32:03 - The Honeymoon Phase of a Relationship35:33 - What's Next for You: Future Plans38:48 - Closinghttps://www.linkedin.com/in/jarrodlopiccolo/https://noblestudios.com/contact-us/utm_source=linkedin&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=influent_collaboration&utm_content=jarrods_profileABOUT OUR HOST:Ken Eslick is an Entrepreneur, Author, Podcaster, Tony Robbins Trainer, Life Coach, Husband of 35+ Years, and Grandfather. Ken currently spends his time as the President & Founder of The Leaders Lab where he and his team focus on Leadership Talent Acquisition. They get founders the next level C-Suite Leaders they need to go from being an Inc. Magazine 5000 fastest growing company to $100,000,000 + in revenue.You can learn more about Ken and his team attheleaderslab.coListen to more episodes on Mission Matters:https://missionmatters.com/author/ken-eslick/#aiautomationagency#aiautomation#kickstartyourentrepreneurjourney#aitools#bestaitools

Scotland: Where the Wind Remembers

Civil rights attorney Eric Seitz discusses how students with disabilities may be affected if the U.S. Department of Education is eliminated; Photographer Daniel Sullivan documents the first humpback whales to return to Lahaina after the 2023 wildfires

In this episode, I'm talking with Bettina von Hagen, Managing Director & CEO of EFM Investments & Advisory. Since founding Ecotrust Forest Management 20 years ago, she's been redefining forestry investment – consistently beating traditional market-rate returns while protecting ecosystems, communities, and future generations.Bettina grew up in politically turbulent Lima, Peru, with a scholar father, an artist-entrepreneur mother, and a childhood shaped by earthquakes, curfews, and curiosity. Her love of systems thinking began with a trip to the Galápagos Islands at age 14 and eventually led her to study evolutionary biology before pivoting to business.After earning her MBA at the University of Chicago, Bettina entered the world of commercial banking in the Pacific Northwest – right in the middle of the timber wars. But instead of picking a side, she asked a different question: How do we meet essential needs – like timber – without compromising ecosystems or future generations?That question led her to Ecotrust, a nonprofit focused on conservation-based development. There, she helped launch Craft3, a triple-bottom-line lender, and Beneficial State Bank. But the real spark came in 2004, when she co-founded EFM within Ecotrust to pioneer sustainable forest investing.By 2008, she bought a stake in the company and stepped in as CEO.EFM now manages 200,000 acres and nearly $500M in assets, with a staff of just 11 people and a vast network of contractors. Their model isn't just about timber. It's about carbon credits, conservation easements, water protection, salmon runs, tribal partnerships, and restoring degraded ecosystems.Bettina's forestry strategy is built on what she calls the Five R's:Rotation: Letting trees grow longer for higher-value wood.Retention: Leaving 10–30% of trees to support soil, seedbanks, and habitat.Reserves: Protecting special ecological areas, like salmon-bearing streams.Restoration: Rebuilding habitat, especially in fire-prone and aquatic systems.Relationships: Partnering with tribes, local communities, and land trusts.EFM's forests generate revenue through multiple streams. When timber prices dip, they don't rush to harvest – instead, they “store value on the stump.” Trees continue to grow, becoming more valuable over time. Carbon markets make this kind of patience financially viable.By deferring cuts, selling carbon offsets, or securing conservation easements, EFM creates liquidity without compromising ecological integrity.The results speak for themselves. Every fund exit has outperformed the NCREIF Timberland benchmark, and every acre under EFM's care becomes more ecologically and socially valuable over time.Forests don't have to be sacrificed for growth. In Bettina's hands, they are growth.Tune in to hear how she's building a forestry model that works – for investors, ecosystems, and future generations.—About the SRI 360° Podcast: The SRI 360° Podcast is focused exclusively on sustainable & responsible investing.—Connect with SRI360°:Sign up for the free weekly email updateVisit the SRI360° PODCASTVisit the SRI360° WEBSITEFollow SRI360° on XFollow SRI360° on FACEBOOK—Additional Resources:- Bettina LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/bettina-von-hagen/- EFM LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/efminvest/- EFM Website: https://efmi.com/

Thousands rallied at the Hawaiʻi State Capitol on Saturday to protest the actions of the Trump administration; Legal scholar Avi Soifer signs an amicus brief in support of a law firm targeted by Trump

In this week's Texas Border Watch, state agencies spar over cartel activity on islands claimed as Texas land along the border, a new DPS unit is being proposed, and Army vehicles roll in to West Texas.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Send us a message!Listen as we wrap up our Hawaiian mythology series. What pantheon should we move to next?! Music is by Alexander Nakarada.Support the show

What if you could build the perfect Orlando theme park—using only the best rides from Disney and Universal? In this episode, we play theme park Imagineers and create the ultimate dream park by cherry-picking our favorite attractions from Magic Kingdom, EPCOT, Hollywood Studios, Animal Kingdom, Universal Studios Florida, and Islands of Adventure. From thrilling coasters to immersive dark rides, we debate what makes the cut, what gets left behind, and what our park would look like. Let the mashup madness begin!

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McKinley driver education coordinator Leilani Okuda discusses the perils of distracted driving; Author and DJ Morgan Nixon documents the history of the Jamaican reggae music label Studio One

Texas Land Commissioner Dawn Buckingham joins the show to talk about the call for the Trump administration to secure border islands allegedly used by Mexican cartels for illegal activity. She emphasizes the need to defend Texas lands and protect national security.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Send us a textIn this month's episode of the QMS Red Meat Podcast, we're joined by Mairi Gougeon MSP, Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs, Land Reform and Islands, for an exclusive deep dive into the latest Scottish Government policies impacting the industry.We'll discuss:✅ The future of Scotland's red meat sector amidst evolving agricultural policies✅ Government strategies to support farmers, butchers, and processors✅ Balancing food security, biodiversity, and climate goals✅ The challenges and opportunities for the sector over the next five years✅ What makes Scotch Beef, Scotch Lamb, and Specially Selected Pork stand out globallyWe also get a personal insight from the Cabinet Secretary on her favourite Scottish red meat dish!Plus, we'll hear updates from Sarah Millar on industry developments and Iain Macdonald on the latest market trends across cattle, sheep, and pig sectors.Don't forget to subscribe for more expert discussions each month!

Life has a way of persisting through ecological disturbance in small protected places and then radiating outward. In Hawaii, those places are called “kipukas.” But biological life is not the only thing that can grow and thrive in the refuge of a kipuka. In this episode we hear the story of three places where people are caring for the land. At the base of the Ko'olau mountains in Oahu, a church is setting out to bring 246 acres back to the community and back to health. Down by the sea, the restoration of an ancient fish pond has become an educational opportunity for thousands of children. And over the ridge, into the next valley, the growing of kalo provides a place for people to reconnect with old traditions and knowledge. These stories reveal an important truth: that as we care for and find connection with the land, the land cares for and supports us. And it leads us to ask, can our relationship with God be complete without a healthy relationship with the rest of creation?  Learn more about the organizations in the episode:  A Rocha USA Hakuhia Ho'okua'aina Taro Farm Waikalua Loko Fish Pond Thanks to Herb Lee and Dean Wilhelm for sharing their songs with us. Theme song and credits music by Breakmaster Cylinder. Other music in this episode by Northern Points, Harpo Marks, Cosmo Lawson, and Sarah Chapman, courtesy of Shutterstock, Inc.

This week on The Horse Race, Steve and Jenn are joined by John Gee of The MassINC Polling Group to discuss new MPG polling on how Massachusetts voters are feeling about national politics right now. Then, Jenn tells us about her reporting on the intertwined climate and housing crisis on the Cape and Islands, part of CommonWealth Beacon's Climate Month.

Gov. Josh Green reacts to President Trump's sweeping tariff proposal; HPR contributor Neal Milner takes the Long View on the benefits of marriage

Matters Microbial #85: The Microbiomes of Hawai'ian Seascapes April 3, 2025 Today, Dr. Rosie 'Anolani Alegado of the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa  joins the #QualityQuorum to discuss how weather, climate, and human intervention impact the microbiota to be found in human related seascapes around Hawai'i. Host: Mark O. Martin Guest: Rosie 'Anolani Alegado Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, Spotify Become a patron of Matters Microbial! Links for this episode An overview of how Hawai'i was settled from Polynesia. An essay describing indigenous Hawai'ian culture and its collaborative relationship to the land and sea. A must read book “Coral Reefs in a Microbial Sea,” by the late Merry Youle, Forest Rohwer, and Derek Vosten. Here are several links related to the work of Dr. Isabella Abbott, including this one from Pacific Science.  Again, well worth your reading. An overview of the field of ethnobotany, championed by Dr. Abbott. Dr. Alegado's previous research was with the fascinating choanoflagellates, which can tell us about the evolution of complex life.  Here is a video about these ancient relatives of us all.  Here is a article from Dr. Alegado describing a bacterial role in the development of this fascinating organism. An overview of the “One Health” concept linking human interactions, animals, plants, the land, and the ocean. A focus of Dr. Alegado's group research involving the indigenous Hawai'ian  fishponds. An overview of community restoration of these ancient structures. The role of taro in ethnobotany. A fine description of indigenous Hawai'ian mariculture. The concept of dysbiosis. Tropical storm Wali, which impacted the Hawai'ian Islands. An overview of alpha diversity and beta diversity in microbiome studies. A fine book about Dr. Barbara McClintock, “A Feeling for the Organism.” Here is a wonderful video in which Dr. Alegado describes the work of her research group and her interests in the fishponds of Hawai'i. Dr. Alegado's faculty website. Dr. Alegado's very interesting research group website. Intro music is by Reber Clark Send your questions and comments to mattersmicrobial@gmail.com

Espresso's are powered by our brand new sponsor, Unleashed!1. What on earth is Unleashed, I hear you asking?Unleashed is Inventory management software that talks to your financial and eComm software. We use it daily at Islands. It's BANGING!!2.  Why Unleashed will change your life as a foodie founder?Cut admin time in half. Save money. Lots of money. Get lucid clarity on margins. Be all over cash flow, after all cash is king. Manage stock and cash flow.3. The biggest brands in FMCG love love UnleashedYour fave brands like Candy Kittens, Tiny Rebel, TRIP use religiously. Tarquins Gin, Three Spirit, Minor Figures, The Turmeric Co., Volcano Coffee4. Do yourself a favourGET YOURSELF 2 MONTHS FREE USING THIS magical link♨️Still bloody HUNGRY? Course ya are. Each week I spend 15 hours writing my newsletter. It'll take you 5 mins to read. Full of wisdom from the biggest names in food and drink. Subscribe here

This week we're taking a closer look at the rural lives of islanders around our shores. A survey by the Young Islanders Network found the biggest concern for young people in Scotland's islands, is housing – or a lack of it. We speak to people about some of the problems they've faced - and some of the solutions.The Environment Food and Rural Affairs select Committee of MPs has been grilling the farming minister Daniel Zeichner about the repercussions of suspending the Sustainable Farming Incentive, or SFI, which gives payments to farmers for environmental work. Thousands of farmers have already joined, but it was abruptly closed to new applicants on 11th March. Trees are being planted on Dartmoor to help alleviate flooding. A team lead by the National Park Authority is using a method developed by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki which plants a wide variety of native species close together to encourage rapid tree growth.Presenter = Anna Hill Producer = Rebecca Rooney

Im Südwesten Islands kommt es seit vier Jahren immer wieder zu Lavaaustritten. Als sich am 1. April nahe von Grindavik eine über 1200 Meter lange neue Lavaspalte öffnete, bewährte sich eine aufgeschüttete Barriere: Die Kleinstadt blieb verschont. Urban, Karl www.deutschlandfunk.de, Forschung aktuell

State librarian Stacey Aldrich discusses how federal funding cuts and layoffs could impact local libraries; A. Kam Napier, editor-in-chief of the new Hawaiʻi publication Aloha State Daily, on what he hopes the new online outlet can add to local news

New Zealand has been high on so many of your travel wish lists—and for good reason! In this episode, Pam shares details from her recent two-week adventure on the North Island of New Zealand, including how she booked business-class flights, multiple free hotel nights, and even covered rental cars and excursions—all using points and miles (and one fortuitous mistake fare). From kayaking Cathedral Cove to digging out hot tubs at Hot Water Beach, it's a trip full of unforgettable experiences and major travel inspiration. Finding Flights to New Zealand: A Challenge (and a Win!) Getting to New Zealand in business class is no easy feat, but Pam pulled it off. After struggling to find availability, she scored two one-way business-class award tickets from Dallas to Auckland. The return flight was a mistake fare in United Polaris for just $1,000 cash (normally $3,800+).  Points-Powered Luxury: Park Hyatt Auckland & More Pam raved about the Park Hyatt Auckland, calling it one of her favorite Park Hyatts ever. For just 25,000 Hyatt points per night, she enjoyed stunning views of the harbor, incredible Globalist breakfast, and unbeatable service. She also used Capital One Venture X credits to cover stays at boutique resorts. The Itinerary: Coastal Drives, Kayaks, and Tiny Houses Bay of Islands: Booked via Capital One credits, with a scenic boat tour to Hole in the Rock Cathedral Cove: Kayaking through crystal-clear waters to one of New Zealand's most famous spots Hot Water Beach: Digging hot tubs in naturally heated sand Rotorua & Lake Taupo: Rafting a 21-foot waterfall, visiting Maori villages, and relaxing in Hilton luxury Bonus Stay: A tiny house Airbnb—Pam's dream come true! The Total Cost Breakdown Using a mix of points, miles, Capital One credits, and cash, Pam calculated her total out-of-pocket costs at around $3,000—a fraction of the $28,000+ retail value for flights and hotels. With ten nights of free hotel stays, complimentary breakfasts, and first-class flight experiences, it was an unforgettable journey made possible by smart planning and strategic redemptions.   Links: How to Get Your Next Vacation for Nearly Free - https://travelmomsquad.lpages.co/freevacation Links For All Things Travel Mom Squad: stan.store/travelmomsquad   Episode Minute By Minute: 00:30 – Why Pam did New Zealand: Take 2 03:00 – Booking flights with AA miles and a United mistake fare 08:30 – Pam's advice for finding flights to New Zealand 13:00 – Park Hyatt Auckland + Waiheke Island day trip 18:00 – Bay of Islands and boutique hotel stay 21:00 – Tiny house stay and Cathedral Cove 26:00 – Rafting a waterfall and Maori village experience 31:00 – Hilton Lake Taupo and relaxing 35:00 – Flying United Polaris home + final night at Grand Hyatt DFW 38:00 – Cost recap and final thoughts on why Pam can't wait to return Thinking about a trip to New Zealand? This episode will show you it's totally possible with points and miles—and that even Grandma can conquer a 21-foot waterfall!

Lisa Gibson, organizer of Indivisible Hawaiʻi, shares details on an upcoming statewide protest against the actions of the Trump administration; the state Office of Consumer Protection advises listeners on how to safeguard their genetic data

Ricky Roo is back in the Galápagos for another wild adventure! This time, he meets a fascinating feathered friend with a special survival skill—one that helps it adapt and thrive in changing conditions. But with so few of these birds left in the world, can conservation efforts make a difference? Join Ricky to uncover the wonders of nature and the small but mighty creatures that call the Galápagos home!Written and narrated by Nidhi Gupta | Characters voiced by Chris RachowiczLorena's voice is by 9-year-old Nandita Gautam.© All Rights Reserved.

Hawaiʻi's Burmese responds to the devastating earthquake in Myanmar; The Hawaiʻi Bicycling League calls attention to a rise in fatalities among pedestrians and bike riders

The invasive seaweed Caulerpa has been found in a new location in the bay of islands, sparking fears it will spread quickly through boating hubs around Paihia and Russell. The exotic weed was first discovered in New Zealand on Great Barrier Island in 2021, and considered problematic because it spreads fast and smothers all marine life. Luka Forman has more.

Today, the Conversation broadcasts lives from the Amy Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden on Hawaiʻi Island with stories on the history of Parker Ranch and biodiversity.

Kūpuna with mobility issues face unique challenges during a disaster; The Lāhainā Film Festival comes to Oʻahu

The Chatham Islands is set to get a new supply ship after years of disruption with its 38-year-old vessel the Southern Tiare. Chatham Islands Mayor Monique Croon spoke to Ingrid Hipkiss.

EPA head Lee Zeldin tours Red Hill and Maui burn-zone; The state is looking for feedback on where it should plant new coral to support reef health

Glen Fukushima with the Center for American Progress discusses the transformation of national security in the Indo-Pacific; UHERO data scientist Trey Gordner examines how construction liability litigation is hampering Hawaiʻi's housing market

[EP 25-119] I'm recovering, as you can hear in my voice. It has been a rough week, but I toughed it out last week, and I continue to, but enough about me as we have so much to discuss. If you think I had a rough week, it was NOTHING compared to the Democrats! I would hate to be one of them! No amount of Mama's chicken soup will be good for their souls.They sent Bernie and AOC on tour. They visited AZ where they claimed to have 15K people see them, but it was just over 5000. A good number, until you remove the paid people, and the student who were incentivized to go. But let's pretend that it's all organic…ARE THESE THE PEOPLE you want representing the Democratic Party? Of course not, silly. So why are these two the champions of the party? A former bartender who might very well be the dumbest Democrat ever, and that's a HIGH bar, thanks to Hank Johnson, I remind you who thinks ISLANDS can tip over if we land too many troops.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-kevin-jackson-show--2896352/support.

Dean Uchida with the state Department of Education discusses how USDA funding cuts may impact Hawaiʻi's school lunch program; Biologist Simon Scarpetta offers a theory on how iguanas got from North America to Fiji

Last time we spoke about the Jinzhou Operation and Defense of Harbin. After the Mukden Incident, Zhang Xueliang, despite commanding a large army, was pressured into non-resistance against Japan. As tensions escalated, the Japanese bombed Jinzhou to intimidate Zhang Xueliang and the Kwantung Army prepared to invade. By January 1, 1932, Zhang's forces retreated, marking a significant loss for China. Meanwhile, Ma Zhanshan emerged as a resistance hero, navigating complex alliances against Japanese aggression. In the face of Japanese aggression, Ding Chao rallied forces in Harbin, a crucial city in Northeast China. Together with Ma Zhanshan and other generals, they formed the Kirin self-defense army to resist the Japanese advance. Despite fierce battles, including victories at Shuiqu and Shulan, the Japanese ultimately launched a full-scale assault. After intense fighting, Harbin fell on February 5, 1932. The resistance crumbled, leading to Ma Zhanshan's defection and the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo.   #143 The January 28th Incident Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. In the words of Ron Burgundy, “phew, Boy, that escalated quickly... I mean, that really got out of hand fast”. Ishiwara Kanji unleashed the Mukden Incident, beginning a series of military conflicts. The Kwantung army invaded all three provinces of Manchuria, Ma Zhanshan tried to fight back at Heilongjiang, Ding Chao at Harbin and Zhang Xueliang at Jinhouz. All of this culminated in the conquest of Manchuria and the establishment of the new puppet state of Manchukuo. Yet another significant conflict also broke out in Shanghai of all places.  Now before we start this one I want to point out there are a lot of bias issues with how this incident began. It is known as the January 28th Incident or the First Battle of Shanghai. There are a few arguments as to how exactly it began, but the two main narratives are as such. During the invasion of Manchuria, anti-Japanese demonstrations broke out across China, particularly in large cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou. In most Japanese sources, these demonstrations got out of hand, requiring military action to defend Japanese citizens and property in Shanghai. Now as for Chinese sources, and I will say it here, I place a lot more credibility on the Chinese side on this one, during the Invasion of Manchuria, the League of Nations passed resolutions to get the Japanese to withdraw their troops and many of the members expressed support for China. Although the United States was not a member of the League, Secretary of State Stimson issued a "non-recognition" note in response to Japan's occupation of Jinzhou, aiming to pressure Japan. This isolation in the international arena heightened anxiety within the Japanese government and military, prompting them to seek conflicts in other regions of China to divert attention from their invasion of Manchuria.  Now a lot of trouble had been stirred up in Shanghai ever since the Mukden Incident broke out. Shanghai's business community initiated a boycott of Japanese trade, significantly impacting Japan's coastal and Yangtze River shipping industries. To give one example the "Nissin Steamship Company" halted all operations since the incident. Between July 1931 and the end of March 1932, Japanese merchants in Shanghai reportedly suffered losses amounting to 41,204,000 yen . To give you an idea, in 1930, Japanese goods accounted for 29% of Shanghai's average monthly imports, but by December 1931, this figure had plummeted to 3%. On October 5, 1931, the Japanese government convened a cabinet meeting, resolving that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs would issue a stern warning to the National Government, with the Foreign Minister and Navy Minister overseeing the issue of ship deployment. Shanghai was the key hub for Western powers in China. It was here they made significant investments and maintained strong commercial interests in the region. The political and economic dynamics among these powers were intricate. Shanghai held the largest amount of foreign settlements and concessions. Any outbreak of war in Shanghai would inevitably capture international attention and prompt intervention from nations with vested interests, such as Britain, the United States, and France.  On October 1, Tanaka Takayoshi, the assistant military attaché at the Japanese Consulate in Shanghai and head of the Shanghai Secret Service, was summoned to Shenyang by Colonel Seishirō Itagaki who told him "Our next move is to occupy Harbin and make Manchuria independent. We have sent Colonel Doihara to pick up Puyi. If we succeed, the League of Nations will have a big fight and the Tokyo government will have a headache. I want you to do something in Shanghai to divert the attention of other countries. When you cause a commotion, we will take Manchuria." Tanaka promised to complete the task and said that he was "training an excellent spy who can bribe Chinese troublemakers in Shanghai to start this fake war".  Itagaki then withdrew 20,000 yen from the Kwantung Army's secret service funds and provided it to Tanaka for operational purposes. Now here it gets wild. Tanaka took the funds and paid a Japanese female spy named Kawashima Yoshiko, known also as Jin Bihui, but whose birthname was Aisin Giori Xianyu with the courtesy name of Dongzhen, meaning “eastern jewel”. Yes Manchu royalty, to be more precise the 14th daughter of Shanqi a Manchu prince of the Aisin Gioro clan of the former Qing Dynasty. Shanqi was a descendant of Hooge, the eldest son of Hong Taiji, it all comes full circle sometimes. After the Xinhai revolution, Xianyu was given up for adoption in 1915 to her fathers friend Naniwa Kawashima, a Japanese spy and adventurer. Thus here she took the name Yoshiko Kawashima. She was raised in Tokyo and excelled at judo and fencing. In 1922 he biological father Shanqi died and as Manchu royal tradition dictated, her biological mother committed suicide to join her husband in death. On November 22nd of 1925, Yoshiko stated the she “decided to cease being a woman forever”. Henceforth she stopped wearing a kimono, undid her traditional female hair style and took a final photo to commemorate “my farewell to life as a woman”. That same evening she went to a barbershop and got a crew cut and from there went to a men's clothing store. A photo of this dramatic transformation appeared 5 days later in the Asahi Shimbun under the headline "Kawashima Yoshiko's Beautiful Black Hair Completely Cut Off - Because of Unfounded 'Rumors,' Makes Firm Decision to Become a Man - Touching Secret Tale of Her Shooting Herself". This title was in reference to a prior scandal where she allegedly shot herself in the chest with a pistol given to her by Iwata Ainosuke. Historians believe it is much more likely she chose to become a man because of the death of her parents, failed romances or possibly sexual abuse from her foster father. Kawashima would go on to explain to a new reporter two days later "I was born with what the doctors call a tendency toward the third sex, and so I cannot pursue an ordinary woman's goals in life... Since I was young I've been dying to do the things that boys do. My impossible dream is to work hard like a man for China, for Asia." She was in fact something of a tomboy in her youth, despite being quite beautiful.  Now obviously the times being the times, those close to her were, lets just say not very receptive to this dramatic change. Thus in November of 1927, at the age of 20, her brother and adoptive father arranged her marriage in Port Arthur to one Ganjuurjab, the son of the Inner Mongolian Army General Babojab, who had led the Mongolian-Manchurian Independence Movement in 1911. The marriage lasted only three years, ending in divorce. Following this, she left Mongolia and began touring coastal cities of China before adopting a bohemian lifestyle back in Tokyo, where she had relationships with both men and women. She then moved to Shanghai's foreign concession, where she met the Japanese military attaché and intelligence officer Ryukichi Tanaka. This takes us back to our story at hand.  On the afternoon of January 18th, 1932, Yoshiko Kawashima orchestrated an incident by enlisting two Japanese Nichiren monks and three other Japanese supporters to stir up trouble at the Sanyou Industrial Company headquarters on Mayushan Road, located near the East District of the Shanghai International Settlement. The group of five Japanese individuals watched the worker volunteer army training outside the factory and threw stones to provoke a confrontation, intentionally sparking a conflict. Prior to this, Yoshiko Kawashima had also hired thugs disguised as workers to blend in with the crowd. During the altercation, the five Japanese individuals were attacked by unknown assailants. The Japanese Consulate General later reported that one of the Japanese individuals had died and another was seriously injured. However, the police were unable to apprehend the culprits, prompting Japan to accuse the Chinese factory patrol team of being behind the attack. This event became known as the "Japanese monk incident."   At 2:40 am on January 20, following orders from  Yoshiko, the military police captain Chiharu Shigeto led 32 members of the Shanghai "Japanese Youth Comrades Association in China" to sneak into the Sanyou Industrial Company factory. They brought guns, bayonets, and other weapons, along with flammable materials such as saltpeter and kerosene. Dozens of members of the Japanese Youth Association set fire to the Sanyou Industrial Society at night , and hacked to death and injured two Chinese policemen from the Municipal Council who came to organize firefighting. That afternoon, Tanaka Takayoshi instigated 1,200 Japanese expatriates to gather at the Japanese Residents' Association on Wenjianshi Road, and marched along Beichuan Road to the Japanese Marine Corps Headquarters at the north end of the road, demanding that the Japanese Marine Corps intervene. When they reached Qiujiang Road, they started rioting and attacked Chinese shops. In response, Shanghai Mayor Wu Tiecheng formally protested to Japan. Japan in return demanding a formal apology from the mayor and the apprehension of the person responsible for the death of the Japanese monk. Japan also insisted that China pay compensation for medical and funeral expenses, handle the anti-Japanese protests, and immediately disband any groups hostile to Japan. China had the option to firmly reject these unreasonable demands. On the morning of January 21, Japanese Consul General Murai Kuramatsu met with Shanghai Mayor Wu Tiecheng to express regret for the Japanese arson and the killing of Chinese police officers. He promised to arrest the Japanese ronin responsible for the fire. At the same time, he presented a formal protest regarding the "Japanese monk incident" and outlined four demands: (1) The mayor must issue an apology to the Consul General; (2) The authorities should swiftly and effectively search for, arrest, and punish the perpetrators; (3) The five victims should receive medical compensation and consolation money; (4) All illegal actions against Japan should be prohibited, with the Shanghai Anti-Japanese National Salvation Association and other anti-Japanese groups disbanded promptly.  Starting on January 22, Admiral Shiozawa of the Japanese Navy and Consul General Murai demanded that Shanghai Mayor Wu dissolve anti-Japanese groups and halt any boycott activities. Representatives of Japanese business conglomerates also filed complaints with the Shanghai International Settlement's Municipal Council, calling for an official apology from China for the offensive report and attacks on monks, and demanding that the attackers be punished. As tensions rose, the Japanese Residents Association urged Japanese naval forces in Shanghai to take measures to protect their safety. That same day Yukichi Shiozawa, Commander of the 1st Japanese Expeditionary Fleet in Shanghai, made a threatening declaration, stating that if the mayor of Shanghai failed to respond adequately to the four demands presented by Matsui, the Japanese Navy would take "appropriate action." Even before this the Japanese Navy had deployed troops and sent additional warships to Shanghai under the pretext of protecting its citizens In addition to the warships that arrived in Shanghai after the Mukden incident, the Japanese Navy sent the cruiser Oi and the 15th Destroyer Squadron (comprising four destroyers) from the mainland Wu Port on January 21. They carried over 450 personnel from the 1st Special Marine Corps along with a large supply of arms and arrived in Shanghai on January 23. The following day, the Notoro special service ship (an aircraft carrier of 14,000 tons, carrying six aircraft) anchored in Port Arthur, also arrived in Shanghai. On January 22, the Japanese government convened a meeting and decided to take appropriate measures, with Navy Minister Osumi Tsuneo handling the situation as deemed necessary. By January 25, the heads of the Japanese Navy Ministry and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs held a joint session, where they agreed that if the Chinese side failed to demonstrate sincerity or meet Japan's demands, force would be used to ensure compliance. They also agreed on specific “emergency actions." On January 26, the Navy Ministry met again and resolved to demonstrate Japan's military strength within the next day or two. The proposed measures were as follows: (1) If the Shanghai garrison was insufficient, the Second Fleet would be deployed; (2) Japanese citizens in Shanghai would be directly protected; (3) The Japanese Navy would secure the route from Wusong to Shanghai; (4) All Chinese vessels would be detained outside Wusongkou; (5) Additional warships would be sent to ports in Nanjing, Hankou, Guangzhou, Shantou, Xiamen, and other locations, with civil unrest in those areas also being addressed. Emperor Hirohito authorized the Japanese Navy's military actions. On the 26th, Hirohito's military meeting, led by Chief of Staff Prince Kan'in (Prince Zaihito), ordered Yukichi Shiozawa in Shanghai to "exercise the right of self-defense." That same day, the Japanese Navy Ministry urgently deployed the 1st Torpedo Squadron (flagship "Yubari" cruiser, accompanied by the 22nd, 23rd, and 30th Destroyer Squadrons, totaling 12 destroyers), with over 460 personnel from the 2nd Special Marine Corps, which arrived in Shanghai on the afternoon of January 28. By this time, the Japanese military had gathered 24 warships, over 40 aircraft, more than 1,830 marines, and between 3,000 to 4,000 armed personnel in Shanghai, stationed across the Japanese concession and along the Huangpu River. On January 28, the Japanese Navy Ministry instructed the deployment of the aircraft carriers Kaga and Hosho, the cruisers Naka, Yura, and Abukuma, and four mine carriers from the mainland to Shanghai. Back on the 24th, 1932, Japanese intelligence agents set fire to the residence of the Japanese Ambassador to China, Shigemitsu Mamoru, in Shanghai, falsely accusing the Chinese of the act. On the 27th, Murai issued an ultimatum to the Shanghai authorities, demanding a satisfactory response to four conditions by 18:00 on the 28th, threatening necessary actions if the deadline was not met. Meanwhile, with threats and rumors of a Japanese naval landing circulating in Shanghai, the nearby 19th route army units moved closer to the International Settlement's Little Tokyo. The 19th Route Army of the Guangdong Army was in charge of defending Shanghai at the time, with Jiang Guangnai serving as the commander-in-chief and Cai Tingkai as the commander. Chen Mingshu, the leader of the 19th Route Army and commander of the Beijing-Shanghai garrison, was a strong proponent of responding to the Japanese army's provocations. The Chinese public, along with critics of the Nanjing government, called for punishment of the Manchurian warlord forces who had failed to halt the Kwantung Army's blitzkrieg, which encouraged officers of the 19th Route army to take a firm stance. As the Nanjing government had not enacted any policies, General Cai Tingkai and his colleagues convened an emergency meeting on January 23, pledging to resist any potential Japanese naval invasion of Shanghai at all costs. Now the Nanjing government response to this crisis was quite chaotic as you can imagine. There was still a anti communist campaign going on, Manchuria was being taken over and Chiang Kai-Shek fully understood they could ill afford an all out war with Japan. There was a general feeling things were getting out of hand, the league of nations were failing to do anything. Thus Chiang Kai-Shek retained his passive stance. On January 23rd after extensive consultations with Wang Jingwei and Chiang Kai-shek, newly appointed Executive Yuan President Sun Ke urgently telegraphed Shanghai Mayor Wu Tiecheng. "Our priority should be the preservation of Shanghai as the economic center, adopting a moderate stance towards Japan's demands. We must immediately gather all sectors to diplomatically explain our position and avoid conflict to prevent Shanghai from being seized by force." That same day, Minister of Military Affairs He Yingqin also sent a telegram to Wu Tiecheng, emphasizing, "Shanghai is our economic hub, and we must continue peaceful negotiations and avoid conflict." On that same day He Yingqin instructed the 19th Route Army to withdraw from Shanghai and relocate west of Nanxiang within five days. Zhang Jingjiang then invited Cai Tingkai to Du Yuesheng's home, where he convinced the 19th Route Army to "withdraw to the Nanxiang area to avoid confrontation with the Japanese." Upon learning of the Nationalist government's position, both Chiang Kai-shek and Cai Ying-ying were disappointed, but they expressed willingness to follow military orders and withdraw from Shanghai. As Chiang Guangnai put it, "We must simply obey the government's orders." On the afternoon of January 27, Chief of Staff Zhu Peide and Minister of Military Affairs He Yingqin deployed the 6th Military Police Regiment to assume responsibility for defending the 19th Route Army's positions in the Zhabei area of Shanghai. The regiment departed Nanjing Station at 8 pm on January 27, reaching Zhenru by noon on the 28th. The first battalion arrived at Shanghai North Station that afternoon, preparing to take over defense from the 6th Regiment of the 156th Brigade of the 78th Division of the 19th Route Army in Zhabei at dawn on January 29. Back on the 27th, after Murai issued an ultimatum to the Chinese authorities in Shanghai, Mayor Wu Tiecheng, responding to a request from both the Nanjing National Government and various sectors of Shanghai, sent a letter on the 28th at 13:45 accepting all the unreasonable demands made by the Japanese. Later, at 11:05 pm the Shanghai Public Security Bureau received a response from Murai, which was directed to both Mayor Wu Tiecheng and the head of the Shanghai Public Security Bureau. In the letter, Murai expressed "satisfaction" with Shanghai's acceptance of Japan's four demands, but also insisted on the withdrawal of Chinese troops from Zhabei, citing the need to protect overseas Chinese. Wu Tiecheng received this response at 11:25 pm At 11:30 pm, without waiting for a reply from the Chinese side, the Japanese military launched an attack on the Chinese garrison in Zhabei. In response, Weng Zhaoyuan's troops from the 156th Brigade of the 78th Division of the 19th Route Army, along with part of the 6th Regiment of the Military Police that had been sent to reinforce the defense, fought back.  During the January 28 Incident, the 19th Route Army, stationed in the Beijing-Shanghai area, was the Chinese military force involved. Following the September 18 Incident, Chiang Kai-shek entered into negotiations with the Guangdong faction. As part of these discussions between Nanjing and Guangdong, the Guangdong side proposed that Chen Mingshu, a Cantonese leader, be appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Beijing-Shanghai garrison. On September 30, 1931, Chiang Kai-shek agreed to this proposal. Consequently, the 19th Route Army, under Chen Mingshu's command, was transferred from Ganzhou, Jiangxi, where it had been stationed after the September 18 Incident (following Chiang's decision to halt "suppressing the Communists"), to defend the Beijing-Shanghai area. By November, the army was fully deployed along the Beijing-Shanghai line. The military leadership included Jiang Guangnai as commander-in-chief, Cai Tingkai as army commander, and Dai Ji as the garrison commander. The army was composed of the 60th Division, led by Shen Guanghan, stationed in Suzhou and Changzhou; the 61st Division, led by Mao Weishou, stationed in Nanjing and Zhenjiang; and the 78th Division, led by Qu Shounian, stationed in Shanghai, Wusong, Kunshan, and Jiading. The total strength of the army was over 33,000 soldiers. By early November, after the 19th Route Army had secured the Beijing and Shanghai areas, the military leadership, influenced by the Shanghai populace's strong anti-Japanese sentiment, resolved to resist the impending Japanese invasion. On January 15th the 19th Route Army assessed intelligence indicating an inevitable Japanese attack and began preparing for defense, less than two weeks before the invasion. On th 19th Jiang Guangnai convened a meeting of the 19th Route Army officers in Shanghai. During the meeting, several strategic policies were decided, as recalled by Cai Tingkai. These included. Maintaining an invisible state of alert in response to potential enemy harassment. Ensuring that frontline units were adequately reinforced, with Qu Shounian's division tasked with holding for at least five days. Rapidly constructing fortifications in each defense zone, while rear units pre-select lines of resistance. Ensuring that the 60th and 61st divisions could reinforce Shanghai within five days of the start of hostilities. Establishing a stance on the Shanghai Concession. Issuing an order that, starting January 20, no officers or soldiers were to remain in the concession unless on official duty. On January 23, 1932, under mounting pressure from Japan, Chen Mingshu, Jiang Guangnai, Cai Tingkai, and others issued a "Letter to All Officers and Soldiers of the 19th Route Army," urging a great spirit of sacrifice. On the same day, the army issued a secret combat order, stating that they must be fully prepared for war to defend the nation. If the Japanese attacked, all efforts should be focused on repelling them. The 19th Route Army was poised to resist the Japanese invasion in the Songhu area.   On January 24, 1932, Cai Tingkai and his colleagues arrived in Suzhou and held an emergency meeting with senior garrison commanders, including Shen Guanghan, to communicate the secret order issued on January 23. The generals unanimously supported the directive. However, under pressure from the National Government to avoid war, Chiang, Cai, and others reluctantly agreed to comply with an order to withdraw from Shanghai. They ordered the Zhabei garrison to exchange duties with the 6th Military Police Regiment on the morning of January 29. Due to the tense situation, the commander of the 156th Brigade of the 78th Division instructed the 6th Regiment at Zhabei to remain on high alert. At 11:00 PM on January 28, Dai Ji also ordered strict vigilance to prevent the Japanese army from occupying Zhabei during the guard change, instructing all units to take their positions and be on high alert. At 11:30 pm on January 28, 1932, Major General Shiozawa and the Japanese Marine Corps unexpectedly attacked the Chinese garrison located on the west side of North Sichuan Road. In response, the 6th Regiment of the 156th Brigade of the 19th Route Army, commanded by Zhang Junsong, promptly initiated a strong counteroffensive. At that moment, the Japanese forces, spearheaded by over 20 armored vehicles, split into five groups and launched assaults from different intersections in Zhabei. Upon receiving news of the Japanese attack, Jiang Guangnai, Cai Tingkai, and Dai Ji hurried to Zhenru Station on foot during the night, established a temporary command center, and instructed the rear troops to advance swiftly to Shanghai as per the original plan. At dawn on the 29th, the Japanese forces launched a series of intense assaults, supported by armored vehicles. Aircraft from the carrier "Notoro" bombed the Zhabei and Nanshi districts, leading to rapid escalation of the conflict. The 156th Brigade of the defending forces fiercely resisted the Japanese advances, using cluster grenades against the enemy's armored units and organizing stealth squads to sabotage enemy vehicles. They held their positions and counterattacked at opportune moments under artillery cover, successfully repelling the relentless Japanese assaults. According to Japanese accounts, the battle was described as "extremely fierce, with fires raging everywhere, flames filling the sky, and the battlefield in a state of devastation." At around 10 am, Japanese aircraft dropped bombs, causing the Commercial Press and the Oriental Library to catch fire, resulting in the destruction of over 300,000 books, including many rare ancient texts. More than a thousand Japanese soldiers, shielded by heavy artillery and armored vehicles, launched a vigorous attack at the intersection of Baoshan Road and Qiujiang Road, aiming to seize the Shanghai North Railway Station. This station was a crucial land transport hub, and its control was vital for the safety of the entire Zhabei area. At 2 pm on the 29th, taking advantage of the chaos at the North Station, the Japanese forces mounted a fierce assault. A company from our military police engaged in combat with the Japanese for an hour before withdrawing from the station. By 5 pm on the 29th, the main force of the 156th Brigade entered the fray and launched a counteroffensive, reclaiming both the North Station and Tiantong'an Station. They pressed their advantage and captured the Japanese Shanghai Marine Corps Headquarters, forcing the Japanese troops to retreat east of North Sichuan Road and south of Target Road. The initial Japanese offensive ended in defeat. Following the setback, British and American consuls intervened to mediate in the afternoon of the 29th (the Shanghai government stated it was at the request of the Japanese consuls, while the League of Nations report indicated it was initiated by the mayor of Shanghai). The Chinese and Japanese forces agreed to cease hostilities at 8 pm that night. Although the 19th Route Army recognized this as a delaying tactic, they consented to the ceasefire to allow for troop redeployment. Concurrently, the 19th Route Army strengthened their positions, urgently ordering the 60th Division from east of Zhenjiang to move into Nanxiang and Zhenru, while transferring the 61st Division to Shanghai. The 78th Division, stationed in Shanghai, was fully mobilized to the front lines to bolster defenses and prepare for further combat. Following the ceasefire, the Japanese army made significant efforts to bolster its forces. The Japanese Navy Ministry promptly dispatched four destroyers from the Sasebo 26th Squadron, under the command of the cruiser "Tatsuta," to reach Shanghai on January 30 and dock at Huangpu Wharf. Accompanying the vessels were 474 soldiers from the Sasebo 3rd Special Marine Corps, along with a substantial supply of ammunition. On the morning of January 31, the Japanese aircraft carriers Kaga and Hosho reached Shanghai, bringing approximately 30 aircraft from the First Air Fleet. They anchored off the coast of the Ma'an Islands, about 130 kilometers east of Shanghai. By 4 pm, three cruisers Naka , Yura , and Abukuma along with four torpedo boats arrived in Shanghai, transporting over 2,000 marines who disembarked in groups. On February 1, the Japanese cruise ship "Terukoku Maru," carrying the Yokosuka 1st Special Marine Corps 525 men, docked at Shanghai Huishan Wharf. On the 2nd, the Japanese Navy Central Headquarters established the Third Fleet with ships from the First Overseas Fleet in the Yangtze River area, with the Izumo serving as the flagship (the Izumo arrived in Shanghai on February 6) under the command of Vice Admiral Yoshisaburo Nomura, to execute coordinated military operations. Following the reinforcement of Japanese forces, they resumed attacks on Chinese defenders in Zhabei, Baziqiao, and other locations on February 3 but were still repelled. On February 4, the Japanese launched their first major offensive, expanding the conflict to Jiangwan and Wusong. After a day of intense fighting, the Wusong open-air artillery fort suffered destruction from enemy bombardment, yet the Chinese defenders successfully prevented a Japanese landing. The anti-aircraft artillery unit from the 88th Division, assigned to the 4th Regiment of the 156th Brigade of the 19th Route Army, shot down a Japanese aircraft. Following the failure of the general offensive, Yukiichi Shiozawa was relieved of his command and sent back to Japan. Vice Admiral Yoshisaburo Nomura, the newly appointed commander of the Third Fleet, took over Shiozawa's position. Upon his appointment, the Japanese military began to bolster its forces. Even before the situation in Shanghai escalated, Japan had planned to deploy ground troops, but this was initially rejected by the navy. However, as the situation deteriorated, the navy had to request assistance from the army. On February 2, the Japanese cabinet officially decided to deploy ground forces. Due to the urgent circumstances in Shanghai, they resolved to send the Shanghai Dispatch Mixed Brigade, led by Major General Shimomoto Kuma and the 9th Division, led by Lieutenant General Ueda Kenkichi, with the Shanghai Dispatch Mixed Brigade and the Second Independent Tank Squadron being transported first. Concurrently, the Japanese Navy dispatched the Yokosuka 2nd Special Marine Corps to Shanghai. The 24th Mixed Brigade landed in Wusong on the afternoon of February 7.  Now within the backdrop of all of this Nanjing was certainly freaking out. What had started as a small incident, had escalated into a full blown battle. The Japanese were continuously sending reinforcements, and now so was China. Chiang Kai-Shek had recently resigned and came back as Generalissimo ushering in the slogan "first internal pacification, then external resistance." With that he had led a massive campaign against the Jiangxi Soviet, while avoiding a frontal war against Japan. Obviously this led to wide scale protest in China, which in turn contributed to this new incident in Shanghai. The Shanghai incident was certainly disrupting Chiang Kai-Shek's offensives against the communists, allowing those like Hu Hanmin's Guangdong based 19th Route Army to deal with the Japanese at Shanghai. Yet how long could Chiang Kai-Shek keep this up? Should he divert all attention to the Japanese? Will he step down again in shame for not facing the encroaching foreign empire?  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The January 28th Incident was yet another powder keg like moment for the very vulnerable and still fractured Chinese nation. Chiang Kai-Shek had internal enemies left-right and center and now the Empire of Japan was pressing its luck to keep seizing more and more from his nation. What was the Generalissimo to do in the face of these insurmountable odds?