Podcasts about hubble

Terraforming mars? How do black holes die? On this episode, Neil deGrasse Tyson and comic co-host Chuck Nice answer questions about the moon, periodic table of elements, light photons, black holes and more! Originally Aired August 3, 2021NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can listen to this entire episode commercial-free here: https://startalkmedia.com/show/cosmic-queries-galactic-grab-bag-blue-steel/Thanks to our Patrons….for supporting us this week. Subscribe to SiriusXM Podcasts+ to listen to new episodes of StarTalk Radio ad-free and a whole week early.Start a free trial now on Apple Podcasts or by visiting siriusxm.com/podcastsplus. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Hubble Network is redefining what's possible in satellite connectivity by connecting standard Bluetooth chips to satellites over 500 kilometers away using advanced antenna arrays and digital beamforming. Founded in 2021 by Alex Haro (co-founder of Life360, which IPO'd in 2019 and grew to 80+ million monthly active users) and Ben Longmier (whose previous company's protocol became Amazon Sidewalk after acquisition), Hubble has launched seven operational satellites via SpaceX and is serving enterprise customers across intermodal logistics, off-grid construction, and outdoor recreation. In a recent episode of BUILDERS, I sat down with Alex to explore how Hubble is building the infrastructure layer for global IoT—positioning as the "T-Mobile of space" rather than competing in device markets. Topics Discussed: The technical architecture behind connecting Bluetooth to satellites: lowering bit rates, optimizing modulation, and deploying hundreds of antennas for digital beamforming SpaceX's rideshare program mechanics and what it actually takes to book satellite launches as a startup Why Hubble deliberately chose to be network infrastructure rather than building hardware for specific verticals The psychology barrier of overcoming Bluetooth's short-range association—even among experienced RF engineers from Google, Amazon, and Starlink Strategic focus decisions when facing unlimited market opportunity across construction, agriculture, mining, logistics, and defense Transparent pricing as a developer-first GTM strategy versus traditional enterprise carrier sales models The transition from Life360's consumer hardware exploration to founding a satellite networking company GTM Lessons For B2B Founders: Choose your competitive layer strategically—infrastructure scales differently than applications: Hubble explicitly positioned as network infrastructure, not a device manufacturer. Alex stated: "We're not focused on building the hardware or devices. We very much view ourselves as a networking company." This allows enterprise customers to integrate Hubble connectivity into their existing devices with just a software change to the Bluetooth chip. The result: each B2B customer can deploy hundreds or thousands of devices to their end users, creating exponential reach. For founders building horizontal technology, consider whether competing at the infrastructure layer—even if less immediately tangible—creates superior unit economics and market leverage versus building full-stack solutions. Developer-first positioning requires operational commitment, not just marketing: Hubble's pricing transparency wasn't a marketing tactic—Alex described it as "hardcore to our ethos" because their goal is connecting billions of devices. They explicitly modeled after Twilio and Stripe rather than Verizon or AT&T, making it possible for engineers to validate unit economics independently and start free trials without sales conversations. This wasn't debated internally because both co-founders and the early team aligned on this approach. For infrastructure companies targeting massive scale, half-measures on developer experience will fail—the entire go-to-market motion must support self-service validation and transparent economics. Constraint forces clarity—unlimited TAM demands disciplined ICP filtering: Despite viable use cases across construction, oil and gas, mining, agriculture, supply chain, and defense, Alex emphasized: "In the early stages, focus is the most important thing. Every hour matters and being able to focus matters quite a bit and defocusing yourself can really hurt." Hubble's "sexy hook of Bluetooth to space" generates inbound interest across industries, creating constant pressure to expand. Their active debate centers on which industry leaders are "solving important use cases" with existing customer bases of "hundreds, if not thousands of customers." For founders with horizontal technology, resist opportunistic deals—filter aggressively for partners who provide concentrated distribution rather than one-off deployments. Physical demonstration collapses credibility timelines for counterintuitive technology: Hubble faced skepticism even from sophisticated RF engineers because of hardwired associations between Bluetooth and short range. Alex noted: "Some of the investors that joined our A or B, they passed on our seed and A because they thought, well, I believe in Alex, but is this really physically possible?" Post-launch with working satellites, the conversation shifted from "is this possible?" to commercial terms. The lesson isn't just "show don't tell"—it's that for technically improbable innovations, rushing to demonstrable proof compresses months of explanation into minutes of validation. Founders should potentially sacrifice feature breadth to reach a single, undeniable proof point faster. Operational domain expertise reveals infrastructure gaps others can't see: Alex spent years as CTO of Life360 attempting to build connected hardware for families—smart pet collars, GPS watches for kids, fall detectors—but existing networks had "super short battery life, very bulky, no global coverage, way too expensive." He invested in Ben's previous mesh network company and became a close advisor before co-founding Hubble. The insight wasn't theoretical—it came from failing repeatedly to solve the problem with existing infrastructure. Founders should treat operational frustrations in previous roles as proprietary market intelligence: you've already paid the learning cost that competitors will need years to acquire. // Sponsors: Front Lines — We help B2B tech companies launch, manage, and grow podcasts that drive demand, awareness, and thought leadership. www.FrontLines.io The Global Talent Co. — We help tech startups find, vet, hire, pay, and retain amazing marketing talent that costs 50-70% less than the US & Europe. www.GlobalTalent.co // Don't Miss: New Podcast Series — How I Hire Senior GTM leaders share the tactical hiring frameworks they use to build winning revenue teams. Hosted by Andy Mowat, who scaled 4 unicorns from $10M to $100M+ ARR and launched Whispered to help executives find their next role. Subscribe here: https://open.spotify.com/show/53yCHlPfLSMFimtv0riPyM

Sponsor Links:This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace. When it's time to get a presence online, go with the folks who support us...and build the best websites easily. No hassles. You can check out their special offer for SpaceTime listeners by visiting our special URL....Click HereSpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 6In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking discoveries in astrophysics, including the confirmation of Betelgeuse's elusive companion star, a spectacular black hole event, and the BepiColombo spacecraft's approach to Mercury.Betelgeuse's Companion Star ConfirmedAstronomers have finally confirmed that the red supergiant star Betelgeuse has a companion star, named Saguara. Utilizing data from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based observatories, researchers traced the influence of Saguara as it interacts with Betelgeuse's outer atmosphere. This discovery sheds light on the star's peculiar brightness variations and its eventual fate as it nears a supernova explosion, which could occur at any time in astronomical terms.A Black Hole's Powerful FeastIn a remarkable observation, astronomers witnessed a black hole shredding a massive star in what is described as the most powerful event of its kind ever recorded. Known as a gravitational tidal disruption event, this phenomenon released energy equivalent to 400 billion times that of our Sun, surpassing even the most energetic supernovae. The event, cataloged as AT 2024WPP, offers new insights into black hole behavior and the dynamics of stellar destruction.BepiColombo's Journey to MercuryThe BepiColombo spacecraft is nearing its orbit insertion around Mercury after a seven-year journey. Launched in 2018, this multi-spacecraft mission will study Mercury's surface, magnetic field, and interaction with solar activity. The mission consists of two orbiters that will work in tandem to gather comprehensive data about this enigmatic planet, promising to enhance our understanding of planetary formation and evolution.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com✍️ Episode ReferencesAstrophysical JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical SocietyEuropean Space Agency ReportsBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

This is a compilation of videos featuring stunning images and discoveries from the Hubble telescope. ▀▀▀▀▀▀Astrum's newsletter has launched! Want to know what's happening in space? Sign up here: ⁠https://astrumspace.kit.com⁠A huge thanks to our Patreons who help make these videos possible. Sign-up here: ⁠https://bit.ly/4aiJZNF

Get My NEW Book: Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0FN8DH6SX Andrew Jaffe Book: The Random Universe: https://www.amazon.com/Random-Universe-Models-Probability-Cosmos/dp/0300250509 Is the universe intrinsically random? In this conversation, we dive deep into why the universe may be fundamentally, intrinsically random. Whether inflation on life support, the truth behind the Hubble tension, and whether cosmology is approaching the event horizon, limits beyond which humans can never know. Today we're joined by one of the architects of modern cosmological inference, Professor Andrew Jaffee, author of a new book called The Random Universe that argues that every observation in science is shaped by the models we bring to it, biases and all. KEY TAKEAWAYS 00:00–01:13 — Science and life rely on building models. 01:13–03:35 — Models of people and reality are often wrong and revised. 04:04–06:01 — Observation depends on prior theories. 06:01–07:32 — Models can't be escaped, only improved. 07:32–08:57 — No single scientific method exists. 08:57–11:25 — Science uses induction, not pure proof. 11:25–13:22 — Induction isn't certain, only probabilistic. 13:22–15:36 — Induction works because nature is regular. 17:44–19:08 — Big Bang emerges from well-tested models. 19:08–21:15 — Current cosmology is stressed, not broken. 29:19–30:36 — Probability gives meaning to models. 39:45–41:11 — Randomness often reflects limited knowledge. 43:46–45:00 — Quantum physics is fundamentally probabilistic. 49:09–50:04 — Inflation awaits decisive observational tests. - Additional resources: Get My NEW Book: Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0FN8DH6SX?ref_=pe_93986420_775043100 Please join my mailing list here

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 3In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the latest discoveries in astrophysics and the challenges faced by space agencies worldwide.Ancient Supernova Offers Clues to Dark EnergyAstronomers have made significant strides in understanding dark energy, the enigmatic force driving the universe's accelerated expansion. A newly observed supernova, located 10 billion light years away, has been gravitationally lensed by a foreground galaxy, allowing scientists to analyze multiple images of the same explosion. This phenomenon could help determine the Hubble constant, shedding light on the universe's expansion rate and its ultimate fate, which ranges from a Big Crunch to a Big Rip.Sterile Neutrino Hypothesis Nearly Ruled OutAfter over a decade of research, scientists have come close to ruling out the existence of the sterile neutrino, a proposed particle that could explain anomalous neutrino behavior. Data from the Micro BooNE experiment at Fermilab has shown no signs of sterile neutrinos, providing a pivotal moment in particle physics that narrows the search for new theories beyond the standard model.China's Reusable Rocket SetbackChina's efforts to develop a reusable rocket faced a significant blow as its Long March 12A failed on its maiden flight. Although the rocket's first and second stages performed as expected, the first stage failed to return successfully, highlighting the challenges in achieving reusability akin to SpaceX's Falcon 9. This setback underscores the competitive nature of the global space industry as China strives to enhance its capabilities.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com✍️ Episode ReferencesAstrophysical LettersNatureFermilab ReportsBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.(00:00:00) This is Space Time Series 29, Episode 3 for broadcast on 7 January 2026(00:00:47) Discovering dark energy through a unique supernova(00:12:30) Ruling out the sterile neutrino hypothesis(00:20:10) China's reusable rocket faces a major setback(00:25:00) Science report: Climate change impacts, endangered species, and digital privacy concerns

What if the very traits you've been told to soften, like being collaborative or agreeable, are actually essential to your success, not obstacles to it? In this episode of Finding Brave, we explore why so many professionals, especially women, feel trapped between being liked and being respected, and what it really takes to be both. In this episode, Kathy Caprino speaks with Alison Fragale, an organizational psychologist, professor at the University of North Carolina Kenan-Flagler Business School, and bestselling author of Likeable Badass: How Women Get the Success They Deserve. Drawing on her extensive research on status, power, negotiation, and influence, Alison helps individuals understand how respect is formed and how it can be intentionally built without compromising your authenticity. In our conversation, Alison breaks down the two core dimensions that shape how others evaluate and perceive us: warmth and competence. She explains how our behaviors signal, or fail to signal, competence, how feedback like "you're too nice" is often misunderstood, and why pulling back on warmth is rarely the right answer. Through powerful examples from her research, consulting career, and personal experience, she reveals how small behavioral shifts can dramatically change how others perceive your authority and credibility. This episode offers practical, science-backed insight for anyone navigating leadership, visibility, or influence at work. If you have ever felt misunderstood or unsure of how to show up fully and effectively while being your true self, this conversation will give you a new lens and and transformative ways forward.   Key Highlights From This Episode: Introducing Alison Fragale and her research on status, power, and influence. [01:00] Lessons from Alison's early consulting career at McKinsey and how career dissatisfaction can drive self-awareness and meaningful change. [04:44] The science behind status, why respect matters, and the "likeable badass" framework. [12:51] Understanding the two key ways people evaluate others: warmth and competence. [14:35] How gender bias shapes status and perception in the workplace. [17:26] Ways that feedback like "you're too nice" often miss the point, what it's actually communicating, and how to signal capability without sacrificing warmth or authenticity. [21:28] Why asking for advice, not feedback, leads to clearer insight and stronger allies. [25:37] Alison's personal story about self-deprecation and learning from direct feedback. [28:07] Unpacking key distinctions between power and status, and their effects. [33:32] Final takeaway: How talking up others builds status and influence, and is one of the most rewarding, fruitful and joyful things we can do. [37:50] For More Information: Alison Fragale Alison Fragale on LinkedIn Alison Fragale on YouTube Alison Fragale on Instagram   Links Mentioned in Today's Episode: Alison's book, Likeable Badass: How Women Get the Success They Deserve   ——————— READY FOR A HUGE SHIFT TO ACHIEVE MORE SUCCESS, IMPACT AND FULFILLMENT IN YOUR CAREER? Work with Kathy and get hands-on, transformative CAREER & LEADERSHIP GROWTH COACHING SUPPORT today! Join me today in one of my top-requested career and leadership growth 1:1 coaching programs and take 20% off the price this week with coupon code 'FBRAVE20 as my thank-you for tuning in! Visit my Career Help page, or click the links below for more information and to register today and save 20%: – Jumpstart Your Career Success (3 sessions) – Career & Leadership Breakthrough program (6 sessions) – Build Your Confidence, Success and Impact (10 sessions)   ——————— GOT A BURNING CAREER OR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH QUESTION? Ask me on Hubble I'm thrilled to be an Advisor on the terrific Hubble Expert Advisory group, a curated and knowledge-packed platform for thoughtful and helpful conversations and honest advice on life, work, startup and business growth and navigating professional, career and leadership challenges. I often hear from people worldwide seeking guidance on careers, leadership, executive, and personal growth, and making a bigger impact. Now, connecting with you and answering your questions is easier than ever—Hubble lets you book a one-off call or recurring sessions with me in just seconds. Book some time with me here on Hubble - I'd love to support your top goals: https://app.hubble.social/kathycaprino    ——————— Order Kathy's book The Most Powerful You today! In Australia and New Zealand, click here to order, elsewhere outside North America, click here, and in the UK, click here.   If you enjoy the book, we'd so appreciate your giving the book a positive rating and review on Amazon! And check out Kathy's digital companion course The Most Powerful You, to help you close the 7 most damaging power gaps in the most effective way possible. Kathy's Power Gaps Survey, Support To Build Your LinkedIn Profile To Great Success & Other Free Resources Kathy's TEDx Talk, Time To Brave Up & Free Career Path Self-Assessment Kathy's Amazing Career Project video training course & 6 Dominant Action Styles Quiz   ——————— Sponsor Highlight I'm thrilled that both Audible.com and Amazon Music are sponsors of Finding Brave! Take advantage of their great special offers and free trials today! Audible Offer Amazon Music Offer   Inspiring Quotes from Today's Show:  "The best job in life is one that you love, and the second best job is one that you hate, because when you are unhappy in your work situation, it will motivate you, like nothing else, to really understand yourself – and figure out how [to improve your situation]." — Alison Fragale [0:05:48] "When we talk about a person being a "high-status' individual, we're saying people highly regard them. And what that means is: your status is an opinion in other people's minds. But it turns out to be a really important opinion for our own happiness and for our career success." — Alison Fragale [0:13:11] "The two things we pay attention to are: do you care, and are you capable?" — Alison Fragale [0:14:49] "When a man and a woman walk into a situation, if everything else about them is equal, there's a very high likelihood that the audience is going to immediately give more status to the man than the woman." — Alison Fragale [0:20:06] "I'm not going to pull back on being nice, but I am going to show you that I know what I'm doing. You can rely on me. I'm results-oriented, I'm capable." — Alison Fragale [0:22:35] "Smiling is a warm behavior, apologizing is a warm behavior, giving somebody a compliment is a warm behavior, putting yourself down is actually a warm behavior, because it shows you're humble. But some of these behaviors are better than others at showing how capable you are." — Alison Fragale [0:24:10]   Watch our Finding Brave episodes on YouTube! Don't forget – you can experience each Finding Brave episode in both audio and video formats! Check out new and recent episodes on my YouTube channel at YouTube.com/kathycaprino. And please leave us a comment and a thumbs up if you like the show!

Cristina Gomez discusses the CIA's unusual Glomar response to a FOIA request about interstellar object 3I/ATLAS, comparing it to how intelligence agencies handled the Hale-Bopp comet in the 1990s, and breaks down the latest Hubble observations and Breakthrough Listen radio search results.To see the VIDEO of this episode, click or copy link - https://youtu.be/rYOisv2JnD0Visit my website with International UFO News, Articles, Videos, and Podcast direct links -www.ufonews.co00:00 - CIA's Mysterious 3I/ATLAS Response01:41 - Why This FOIA Is Different02:36 - Hale-Bopp vs 3I/ATLAS04:02 - What Is NASA Hiding about 3I/ATLAS?05:04 - New 3I/ATLAS Discovery07:25 - What Happens NextBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/strange-and-unexplained--5235662/support.

Scott Willoughby, Vice President of Program Excellence at Northrop Grumman and former program manager for the James Webb Space Telescope, joined Jamie Flinchbaugh to share insights on leading one of the most complex systems ever built. With 35 years at Northrop Grumman, a NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal, and membership in the National Academy of Engineering, and we have to include a degree from Lehigh University. Scott brought deep wisdom about managing massive programs where failure simply isn't an option. Managing the James Webb Space Telescope meant dealing with a system seven times larger than Hubble that had to operate at minus 400 degrees Fahrenheit, a million miles from Earth. Scott explained that tackling such complexity requires breaking problems down through systems engineering, but with a critical twist: don't trust yourself. Everything on Webb was done in twos. NASA and Northrop Grumman each built independent models, particularly for thermal and dynamic performance. When pointing a telescope at light from 13.5 billion years ago, stability matters, and even small temperature changes cause mechanical components to shrink and expand. The two teams challenged each other constantly, ensuring they reached the same conclusions before moving forward. When models disagreed, which happened often during iteration, teams had to get intimately familiar not just with their own work but with how the other side modeled things. Sometimes, differences came down to using different densities or levels of detail. Other times, teams discovered they were working from different versions of test data. Scott emphasized that much of technical work is about getting people to communicate, to say their assumptions out loud rather than keeping them in folders or inside their heads. Creating a learning culture among world-class engineers and PhDs required leading by example. Scott realized early that being a leader didn't mean knowing everything. He deliberately asked questions that seemed obvious, sometimes the wrong questions, to get beneath the surface. He echoed back what others said in his own words, creating what he called a safe zone in the middle of dialogue where you don't have to be right until the end. By showing vulnerability and modeling openness, he encouraged teams to converge on solutions without anyone feeling accused of being wrong. Testing followed a crawl, walk, run philosophy. Scott stressed taking the hardest punch as early and as low in the system as possible. They qualified components by subjecting them to extremes beyond predicted conditions, building margin into designs for things they couldn't model perfectly. The hardest day in any satellite's life is usually day one, which for Webb lasted six months as systems were deployed and activated for the first time. One of Scott's favorite stories captured the power of listening to everyone. When membrane tears appeared during sunshield deployment testing, engineers wrestled with an apparently intractable problem. The solution came from a technician who suggested using something like a squid jig from his fishing tackle box to align the 107 pin holes through multiple membrane layers gently. His compliant device solved one of the program's most complicated problems. Scott learned that elegant solutions sometimes come from understanding how things get built, not just how they're designed. For transparency with stakeholders, Scott developed a rhythm of meeting every three months to discuss what had happened since the last time, what they were doing now, and most importantly, what challenges lay ahead. By forecasting risks before they materialized, discussing backup plans, and building anticipation for difficult tests, he made it easier to discuss both failures and successes. What advice would he offer to anyone stepping into similar roles? Take a deep breath, realize it won't go perfectly, and talk to others who've been there. Growth doesn't occur without discomfort, and leaders get measured not by perfection but by how they respond to adversity. Learn more about Scott's work at https://www.northropgrumman.com/, https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/, and https://www.imdb.com/name/nm12283488/. Connect with Scott on LinkedIn.

In November of 2006, University of Arizona's Spacewatch astronomers on Kitt Peak discovered a faint moving point of light in the night sky which appeared to be a garden variety main belt asteroid orbiting the Sun between Mars and Jupiter. The Minor Planet Center calculated it's orbit and gave it the name 2006 VW139. Five years later when it again moved closest to the Sun the Pan-STARRS group in Hawaii discovered that 2006 VW139 is surrounded by a gas cloud like a comet and it was given a comet designation, 288P. My Catalina Sky Survey teammate Steve Larson is a member of the team of astronomers who use the Hubble Space Telescope to observe asteroids which have comet like burps. Observations by the Hubble Space Telescope between August 2016 and January 2017 clearly show 288P to be two similar, mile diameter, asteroids orbiting each other about 60 miles apart, surrounded by a gas cloud, as they move about the Sun. The Hubble team estimates that about 5,000 years ago this strange object was formed when a rapidly rotating comet nucleus came apart into two large pieces. It's gas cloud is likely to come from volatile ices like carbon dioxide and water vapor which were liberated by solar heating. Objects like this one are very interesting since they may have had a role in bringing water to a bone dry Earth in the early days of our solar system.

Enlem ve Boylam'ın bu bölümünde, ağırlıklı olarak din, bilim, felsefe konularının yer aldığı "Tartışmalar" serimize devam ediyoruz. Bu bölümde şu başlıklara değinilmiştir: - Kur'an ile bilim uyuşur mu? - Kur'an'da bilimsel mucizeler var mıdır? - Kur'an'ın evrenin genişlediğini haber vermesi. - Hubble gözlemi ve Einstein'in itirafı - Kur'an ve Big Bang - Kur'an kadınları dövmeyi mi emrediyor? Nisa 34 ayeti. - Firavun'un cesedinin kurtarılması ve bulunuşu - Hiyerogliflerin çözülmesi ve Kur'an'ın göndermesi

1 Corintios 15:41“Uno es el resplandor del sol, otro el de la luna y otro el de las estrellas, pues una estrella es diferente de otra en resplandor”.La teoría del Big Bang sostiene que en las primeras etapas de nuestro universo, había pocas galaxias, y eran pequeñas para los estándares de hoy. En esta teoría ninguna estrella puede ser más antigua que su galaxia madre.Pero este pulcro modelo de nuestro universo parece estar en problemas. Para esta discusión vamos a utilizar las edades infladas utilizadas por los astrónomos. Cuando los astrónomos miran por sus telescopios a una estrella que está a, digamos, diez millones de años luz de distancia, dicen que están viendo a lo que estaba allí hace diez millones de años. Actualmente, se dice que el universo tiene 14 billones de años. Las galaxias formadas hace apenas ese tiempo están a mucha distancia, se esperan que sean pequeñas y sus estrellas jóvenes, así como debía ser después del Big Bang. Los trabajos con el telescopio Hubble durante los 18 meses pasados ha revelado muchas galaxias jóvenes incluyendo una de sólo 800 millones de años pero que es seis veces más grande que nuestra propia galaxia, la Vía Láctea. Más significativamente, estas jóvenes galaxias contienen algunas viejas estrellas rojas. ¡Se dice que es como estar mirando en una guardería de bebés arrullados y ala vez encontrar unos pocos hombres crecidos!Estos hallazgos no solo llaman a la teoría del Big Bang a tela de juicio sino que apoyan el punto de vista que Dios creó un universo maduro, tal como enseñan las Escrituras.Oración: Gracias, Padre, por la gloria, belleza y variedad que Tú has creado en los cielos, que te alaban. Amén.Ref: Science News, Ron Cowen, “Crisis in the Cosmos?” Imagen: Hubble Space Telescope, NASA Hubble Space Telescope, PD, Wikimedia Commons. To support this ministry financially, visit: https://www.oneplace.com/donate/1235/29?v=20251111

This episode of Space Nuts is brought to you with the support of Antigravity A1. Experience the future of flight with the world's first all-in-one 8K 360 drone. With intuitive controls and immersive goggles, the Antigravity A1 redefines what it means to fly. Check it out at AntigravityA1.Frozen Frontiers: Snowball Earth, Dinosaur Origins, and Hubble TensionIn this captivating holiday episode of Space Nuts, hosts Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson embark on a journey through time and space, discussing the intriguing concept of Snowball Earth, the origins of the dinosaur-killing asteroid, and the ongoing debate surrounding the Hubble tension in cosmology.Episode Highlights:- Snowball Earth: Andrew and Fred explore the fascinating theory of Snowball Earth, a period when our planet was completely frozen over, and how recent geological findings in Scotland and Australia shed light on this icy epoch.- Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid Origins: The hosts delve into the latest research pinpointing the Chicxulub impactor's origins within the asteroid belt, revealing the chemical markers that help trace its journey through the solar system.- The Hubble Tension: A discussion on the so-called crisis in cosmology, as the hosts dissect the differing measurements of the universe's expansion rate and how new data from the James Webb Space Telescope may provide clarity.- Listener Questions: The episode wraps up with engaging listener questions, including a fascinating inquiry about the impact of a frozen Earth on its diameter, prompting a thoughtful discussion on planetary changes over time.For more Space Nuts, including our continuously updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on Facebook, X, YouTube Music Music, Tumblr, Instagram, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favorite platform.If you'd like to help support Space Nuts and join our growing family of insiders for commercial-free episodes and more, visit spacenutspodcast.com/about.Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts-astronomy-insights-cosmic-discoveries--2631155/support.

What does it really mean to be yourself at work without hiding, performing, or shrinking to fit expectations? In this Finding Brave conversation, we explore why authentic presence is not a soft skill or a personal indulgence, but a powerful leadership practice that builds trust, connection, and impact in today's fast-moving, emotionally complex workplaces.   Today's inspiring guest is Claude Silver, the world's first Chief Heart Officer at VaynerX, where she partners with CEO Gary Vaynerchuk to shape culture and leadership at scale. A sought-after speaker and the author of Be Yourself at Work: The Groundbreaking Power of Showing Up, Standing Out, and Leading from the Heart, Claude brings a deeply human lens to leadership that is grounded in emotional intelligence, courage, and self-awareness. Her work challenges the outdated belief that professionalism requires emotional distance or self-erasure. In this wide-ranging and deeply personal discussion, Claude shares formative stories from her own life that shaped her understanding of authentic presence. Together, Kathy and Claude unpack what authenticity looks like in real moments at work, from navigating difficult conversations to noticing the inner "song" that shapes how we show up. Claude breaks down her three emotional pillars, namely, emotional optimism, emotional bravery, and emotional efficiency, and explains how emotions can guide more grounded and courageous leadership. The episode also explores why leading with heart matters more than ever in an AI-driven, always-on world, and how taking up space, asking for what you need, and speaking honestly can transform both individual careers and workplace cultures. Listen in and consider what might shift if you gave yourself permission today to be fully seen and fully heard at work!   Key Highlights From This Episode: Introducing Claude Silver and what's missing from how we talk about authenticity. [00:59] Why being authentic is a privilege and the power of knowing yourself. [06:40] How early experiences with dyslexia shaped Claude's self-image and personal growth. [10:18] A pivotal Outward Bound moment that revealed the power of changing the "song" in your head. [13:56] [18:05] What authentic presence really looks like beyond theory and performative professionalism. [23:27] Claude's three pillars: emotional optimism, emotional bravery, and emotional efficiency. [30:47] Leading with heart in an AI-driven world that often feels rushed, disconnected, or dehumanizing. Why taking up space, speaking honestly, and being fully human changes work and culture. [33:35] For More Information: Claude Silver Claude Silver on LinkedIn Claude Silver on Instagram   Links/Resources Mentioned in Today's Episode:  Claude Silver's book, Be Yourself at Work: The Groundbreaking Power of Showing Up, Standing Out, and Leading from the Heart   What it means to be a Highly Sensitive Person (HSP) Kathy's Finding Brave interview with Andre Solo on "Being Highly Sensitive is a Super Power: Embrace and Leverage It" and Kathy's article "How I Found Out I'm a Highly Sensitive Person and Used It To Change My Life"   ——————— READY FOR A HUGE SHIFT TO ACHIEVE MORE SUCCESS, IMPACT AND FULFILLMENT IN YOUR CAREER? Work with Kathy and get hands-on, transformative CAREER & LEADERSHIP GROWTH COACHING SUPPORT today! Join me today in one of my top-requested career and leadership growth 1:1 coaching programs and take 20% off the price this week with coupon code 'FBRAVE20' as my thank-you for tuning in! Visit my Career Help page, or click the links below for more information and to register today and save 20%:   – Jumpstart Your Career Success (3 sessions) – Career & Leadership Breakthrough program (6 sessions) – Build Your Confidence, Success and Impact (10 sessions)   ——————— GOT A BURNING CAREER OR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH QUESTION? Ask me on Hubble I'm thrilled to join the Hubble Expert Advisory group, a space for thoughtful conversations and honest advice on life, work, business and career challenges. I often hear from people worldwide seeking guidance on careers, leadership, personal growth, and making a bigger impact. Now, connecting and answering your questions is easier than ever—Hubble lets you book a one-off call or recurring sessions with me.   Book some time with me here on Hubble - I'd love to support your top goals: https://app.hubble.social/kathycaprino    ——————— Order Kathy's book The Most Powerful You today! In Australia and New Zealand, click here to order, elsewhere outside North America, click here, and in the UK, click here. If you enjoy the book, we'd so appreciate your giving the book a positive rating and review on Amazon! And check out Kathy's digital companion course The Most Powerful You, to help you close the 7 most damaging power gaps in the most effective way possible. Kathy's Power Gaps Survey, Support To Build Your LinkedIn Profile To Great Success & Other Free Resources Kathy's TEDx Talk, Time To Brave Up & Free Career Path Self-Assessment Kathy's Amazing Career Project video training course & 6 Dominant Action Styles Quiz   ——————— Sponsor Highlight I'm thrilled that both Audible.com and Amazon Music are sponsors of Finding Brave! Take advantage of their great special offers and free trials today! Audible Offer Amazon Music Offer   Quotes: "Who are you when you're brushing your teeth in the morning? There are no kids around, maybe no dog around, it's just you spacing out brushing your teeth. To me, that is very indicative of who we are, when we are our real selves." — Claude Silver [0:04:22] "We are human, and this is the experience we're having. So why not be open about that?" — Claude Silver [0:05:20] "I think that it is an enormous privilege to get to know yourself. [And it] is something that is our birthright." — Claude Silver [0:08:48] "I don't need to see you as anything other than you are, because who you are is who I want to get to know. Who you are is who I'm going to hold space for. I don't want you to act like a PhD or pretend that you have a following of a million people on social media." — Claude Silver [0:18:37] "Emotions are guides. Emotions are data. It is not who we are." — Claude Silver [0:23:53] "Ask questions. Add your two cents. If you're in the room, be big in the room. Share something. You have an idea that no one else has mentioned. I'm sure of it." — Claude Silver [0:34:03]   Watch our Finding Brave episodes on YouTube! Don't forget – you can experience each Finding Brave episode in both audio and video formats! Check out new and recent episodes on my YouTube channel at YouTube.com/kathycaprino. And please leave us a comment and a thumbs up if you like the show!

Em abril deste ano foi anunciada a detecção de possíveis sinais de vida extraterrestre num planeta fora do sistema solar com o telescópio espacial James Webb, mas a descoberta não foi confirmada. Afinal, tem ou não tem vida nesse outro planeta? Que planeta é esse? Como é possível saber alguma coisa sobre um planeta distante? Este episódio do Oxigênio vai encarar essas questões com a ajuda de dois astrônomos especialistas no assunto: o Luan Ghezzi, da UFRJ, e a Aline Novais, da Universidade de Lund, na Suécia. Vamos saber um pouco mais sobre como é feita a busca por sinais de vida nas atmosferas de exoplanetas.  __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ROTEIRO Danilo: Você se lembra de quando uma possível detecção de sinais de vida extraterrestre virou notícia de destaque em abril deste ano, 2025? Se não, deixa eu refrescar a sua memória: usando o telescópio espacial James Webb, pesquisadores teriam captado sinais da atmosfera de um exoplaneta que indicariam a presença de um composto químico que aqui na Terra é produzido pela vida, algo que no jargão científico é chamado de bioassinatura.  A notícia bombou no mundo todo. Aqui no Brasil, o caso teve tanta repercussão que a Folha de São Paulo dedicou um editorial só para isso – os jornais costumam comentar política e economia nos editoriais, e raramente dão espaço para assuntos científicos. Nos dois meses seguintes, outros times de pesquisadores publicaram pelo menos quatro estudos analisando os mesmos dados coletados pelo James Webb e concluíram que as possíveis bioassinaturas desaparecem quando outros modelos são usados para interpretar os dados. Sem o mesmo entusiasmo, os jornais noticiaram essas refutações e logo o assunto sumiu da mídia. Afinal, o que aconteceu de fato? Tem ou não tem vida nesse outro planeta? Aliás, que planeta é esse? Como é possível saber alguma coisa sobre um planeta distante? Eu sou Danilo Albergaria, jornalista, historiador, e atualmente pesquiso justamente a comunicação da astrobiologia, essa área que estuda a origem, a evolução e a possível distribuição da vida no universo. Nesse episódio, com a ajuda de dois astrofísicos, o Luan Ghezzi e a Aline Novais, vou explicar como os astrofísicos fazem as suas descobertas e entender porque a busca por sinais de vida fora da Terra é tão complicada e cheia de incertezas. Esse é o primeiro episódio de uma série que vai tratar de temas relacionados à astrobiologia. [Vinheta] Danilo: Eu lembro que li a notícia quentinha, assim que ela saiu no New York Times, perto das dez da noite daquela quarta-feira, dia 16 de abril de 2025. No dia seguinte, acordei e fui checar meu Whatsapp, já imaginando a repercussão. Os grupos de amigos estavam pegando fogo com mensagens entusiasmadas, perguntas, piadas e memes. Os grupos de colegas pesquisadores, astrônomos e comunicadores de ciência, jornalistas de ciência, também tinham um monte de mensagens, mas o tom era diferente. Em vez de entusiasmo, o clima era de preocupação e um certo mau-humor: “de novo DMS no K2-18b fazendo muito barulho”, disse uma cientista. Outra desabafou: “eu tenho coisa melhor pra fazer do que ter que baixar a fervura disso com a imprensa”. Por que o mal-estar geral entre os cientistas? Já chego lá. Os cientistas eram colegas que eu tinha conhecido na Holanda, no tempo em que trabalhei como pesquisador na Universidade de Leiden. Lá eu pesquisei a comunicação da astrobiologia. Bem no comecinho do projeto – logo que eu cheguei lá, em setembro de 2023 – saiu a notícia de que um possível sinal de vida, um composto chamado sulfeto de dimetila, mais conhecido pela sigla DMS, havia sido detectado num planeta a 124 anos-luz de distância da Terra, o exoplaneta K2-18b. Eu vi a repercussão se desenrolando em tempo real: as primeiras notícias, os primeiros comentários críticos de outros cientistas, a discussão nas redes sociais e blogs. Como eu estava no departamento de astronomia de Leiden, vi também como isso aconteceu por dentro da comunidade científica: os astrônomos com quem conversei na época estavam perplexos com a forma espalhafatosa com que o resultado foi comunicado. O principal era: eles não estavam nem um pouco animados, otimistas mesmo de que se tratava, de verdade, da primeira detecção de vida extraterrestre. Por que isso estava acontecendo? Vamos começar a entender o porquê sabendo um pouco mais sobre o exoplaneta K2-18b, em que os possíveis sinais de vida teriam sido detectados. Primeiro: um exoplaneta é um planeta que não orbita o Sol, ou seja, é um planeta que está fora do sistema solar (por isso também são chamados de extrassolares). Existem planetas órfãos, que estão vagando sozinhos pelo espaço interestelar, e planetas girando em torno de objetos exóticos, como os pulsares, que são estrelas de nêutrons girando muito rápido, mas quando os astrônomos falam em exoplaneta, quase sempre estão falando sobre um planeta que gira em torno de outra estrela que não Sol. O Sol é uma estrela, obviamente, mas o contrário da frase geralmente a gente não ouve, mas que é verdade… as estrelas são como se fossem sóis, elas são sóis. As estrelas podem ser maiores, mais quentes e mais brilhantes do que o Sol – muitas das estrelas que vemos no céu noturno são assim. Mas as estrelas também podem ser menores, mais frias e menos brilhantes do que o Sol – as menores são chamadas de anãs vermelhas. Elas brilham tão pouco que não dá para vê-las no céu noturno a olho nu. O K2-18b é um planeta que gira em torno de uma dessas anãs vermelhas, a K2-18, uma estrela que tem menos da metade do tamanho do Sol. Só que o planeta é relativamente grande. Luan Ghezzi: Ele é um planeta que tem algo entre 8 e 9 vezes a massa da Terra, ou seja, é um planeta bem maior do que a Terra. E ele tem um raio ali aproximado de 2.6 vezes o raio da Terra. Então, com essa massa e com esse raio há uma dúvida se ele seria uma super-Terra, ou se ele seria o que a gente chama de Mini-Netuno, ou seja, super-Terra, são planetas terrestres, mas, porém, maiores do que a Terra. Mini-Netunos são planetas parecidos com o Netuno. Só que menores. Mas com essa junção de massa e raio, a gente consegue calcular a densidade. E aí essa densidade indicaria um valor entre a densidade da Terra e de Netuno. Então tudo indica que esse K2-18b estaria aí nesse regime dos mini-Netunos, que é uma classe de planetas que a gente não tem no sistema solar. Danilo: Netuno é um gigante gelado e ele tem uma estrutura muito diferente da Terra, uma estrutura que (junto com o fato de estar muito distante do Sol) o torna inabitável, inabitável à vida como a gente a conhece. Mini-Netunos e Super-Terras, de tamanho e massa intermediários entre a Terra e Netuno, não existem no sistema solar, mas são a maioria entre os mais de 6 mil exoplanetas descobertos até agora.  A estrela-mãe do K2-18b é bem mais fria, ou menos quente do que o Sol: enquanto o Sol tem uma temperatura média de 5500 graus Celsius, a temperatura da K2-18 não chega a 3200 graus. Então, se a gente imaginasse que o Sol fosse “frio” assim (frio entre aspas), a temperatura aqui na superfície da Terra seria muito, mas muito abaixo de zero, o que provavelmente tornaria nosso planeta inabitável. Só que o K2-18b gira muito mais perto de sua estrela-mãe. A distância média da Terra para o Sol é de aproximadamente 150 milhões de quilômetros, enquanto a distância média que separa o K2-18b e sua estrela é de 24 milhões de quilômetros. Outra medida ajuda a entender melhor como a órbita desse planeta é menor do que a da Terra: a cada 33 dias, ele completa uma volta ao redor da estrela. E comparado com a estrela, o planeta é tão pequeno, tão obscuro, que não pode ser observado diretamente. Nenhum telescópio atual é capaz de fazer imagens desse exoplaneta, assim como acontece com quase todos os exoplanetas descobertos até agora. São muito pequenos e facilmente ofuscados pelas estrelas que orbitam. Como, então, os astrônomos sabem que eles existem? O Luan Ghezzi explica. Luan Ghezzi: a detecção de exoplanetas é um processo que não é simples, porque os planetas são ofuscados pelas estrelas deles. Então é muito difícil a gente conseguir observar planetas diretamente,  você ver o planeta com uma imagem… cerca de um por cento dos mais de seis mil planetas que a gente conhece hoje foram detectados através do método de imageamento direto, que é realmente você apontar o telescópio, e você obtém uma imagem da estrela e do planeta ali, pertinho dela. Todos os outros planetas, ou seja, noventa e nove porcento dos que a gente conhece hoje foram detectados através de métodos indiretos, ou seja, a gente detecta o planeta a partir de alguma influência na estrela ou em alguma propriedade da estrela. Então, por exemplo, falando sobre o método de trânsito, que é com que mais se descobriu planetas até hoje, mais de setenta e cinco dos planetas que a gente conhece. Ele é um método em que o planeta passa na frente da estrela. E aí, quando esse planeta passa na frente da estrela, ele tampa uma parte dela. Então isso faz com que o brilho dela diminua um pouquinho e a gente consegue medir essa variação no brilho da estrela. A gente vai monitorando o brilho dela. E aí, de repente, a gente percebe uma queda e a gente fala. Bom, de repente passou alguma coisa ali na frente. Vamos continuar monitorando essa estrela. E aí, daqui a pouco, depois de um tempo, tem uma nova queda. A diminuição do brilho e a gente vai monitorando. E a gente percebe que isso é um fenômeno periódico. Ou seja, a cada x dias, dez dias, vinte dias ou alguma coisa do tipo, a gente tem aquela mesma diminuição do brilho ali na estrela. Então a gente infere a presença de um planeta ali ao redor dela. E aí, como são o planeta e a estrela um, o planeta passando na frente da estrela, tem uma relação entre os tamanhos. Quanto maior o planeta for, ele vai bloquear mais luz da estrela. Então, a partir disso, a gente consegue medir o raio do planeta. Então esse método do trânsito não só permite que a gente descubra os exoplanetas, como a gente também pode ter uma informação a respeito dos raios deles. Esse é o método que está sendo bastante usado e que produziu mais descobertas até hoje. Danilo: e foi por esse método que o K2-18b foi descoberto em 2015 com o telescópio espacial Kepler. Esse telescópio foi lançado em 2009 e revolucionou a área – com o Kepler, mais de 2700 exoplanetas foram detectados. Com ele, os astrônomos puderam estimar que existem mais planetas do que estrelas na nossa galáxia.  A órbita do K2-18b é menor do que a do planeta Mercúrio, que completa uma volta ao redor do Sol a cada 88 dias terrestres. Mas como sua estrela-mãe é mais fria do que o Sol, isso coloca o K2-18b dentro do que os astrônomos chamam de zona habitável: nem tão longe da estrela para que a superfície esfrie a ponto de congelar a água, nem tão perto para que o calor a evapore; é a distância ideal para que a água permaneça em estado líquido na superfície de um planeta parecido com a Terra. Só que o estado da água depende de outros parâmetros, como a pressão atmosférica, por exemplo. E é por isso que a tal da zona habitável é um conceito muito limitado, que pode se tornar até mesmo enganoso: um planeta estar na zona habitável não significa que ele seja de fato habitável. Claro, estar na zona habitável é uma das condições necessárias para que a superfície de um planeta tenha água líquida, o que é fundamental para que essa superfície seja habitável. Ter uma atmosfera é outra condição necessária. Além de estar na zona habitável, o K2-18b tem atmosfera e o Luan também explica como os astrônomos fazem para saber se um exoplaneta como o K2-18b tem uma atmosfera. Luan: a gente estava falando sobre o método de trânsito. E a gente falou que o planeta passa na frente da estrela e bloqueia uma parte da luz dela. Beleza, isso aí a gente já deixou estabelecido. Mas se esse planeta tem uma atmosfera, a luz da estrela que vai atingir essa parte da atmosfera não vai ser completamente bloqueada. A luz da estrela vai atravessar a atmosfera e vai ser transmitida através dela. A gente tem essa parte bloqueada da luz que a gente não recebe, a gente percebe a diminuição de brilho da estrela, com o método de trânsito, mas tem essa luz que atravessa a atmosfera e chega até a gente depois de interagir com os componentes da atmosfera daquele planeta. Então a gente pode analisar essa luz, que é transmitida através da atmosfera do planeta para obter informações sobre a composição dela. Danilo: e como é possível saber a composição química dessa atmosfera? A Aline Novais é uma astrofísica brasileira fazendo pós-doutorado na Universidade de Lund, na Suécia. A tese de doutorado dela, orientada pelo Luan, foi exatamente sobre esse tema: a coleta e a análise dos dados de espectroscopia de atmosferas de exoplanetas. Aline: No início, a gente não está olhando uma foto, uma imagem dos planetas e das estrelas. A gente está vendo eles através de uma coisa que a gente chama de espectro, que é a luz da estrela ou do planeta em diferentes comprimentos de onda. O que é o comprimento de onda? É literalmente o tamanho da onda. Você pode ver também como se fossem cores diferentes. Então a gente vai estar vendo vários detalhes em diferentes comprimentos de onda. O que acontece? A gente já sabe, não da astronomia, mas da química de estudos bem antigos que determinados compostos, vou usar aqui, por exemplo, a água, ela vai ter linhas muito específicas em determinados comprimentos de onda que a gente já conhece, que a gente já sabe. Então já é estabelecido que no cumprimento de onda X, Y, Z, vai ter linha de água. Então, quando a gente está observando novamente o brilho da estrela que passou ali pela atmosfera do planeta. Interagiu com o que tem lá, que a gente não sabe. Quando a gente vê o espectro dessa estrela que passou pela atmosfera, a gente vai poder comparar com o que a gente já sabe. Então, por exemplo, o que a gente já sabe da água, a gente vai ver que vai bater. É como se fosse um código de barras. Bate certinho o que tem na estrela, no planeta e o que tem aqui na Terra. E aí, a partir disso, a gente consegue dizer: “Ah, provavelmente tem água naquele planeta.” Claro que não é tão simples, tão preto no branco, porque tem muitas moléculas, muitos átomos, a quantidade de moléculas que tem ali também interferem nessas linhas. Mas, de forma mais geral, é isso. A gente compara um com o outro. E a gente fala: essa assinatura aqui tem que ser de água. Danilo: Em setembro de 2023, o time de pesquisadores liderado pelo Nikku Madhusudhan, da Universidade de Cambridge, na Inglaterra, anunciou a caracterização atmosférica do K2-18b feita com o telescópio espacial James Webb. Alguns anos antes, a atmosfera do exoplaneta tinha sido observada com o telescópio espacial Hubble, que havia indicado a presença de vapor de água. Com o James Webb, esses cientistas concluíram que a atmosfera não tinha vapor de água, mas fortes indícios de metano e dióxido de carbono, o gás carbônico. Não só isso: no mesmo estudo, eles também alegaram ter detectado, com menor grau de confiança, o sulfeto de dimetila, também chamado de DMS, uma molécula orgânica que aqui na Terra é produzida pela vida marinha, principalmente pelos fitoplânctons e microalgas. O DMS pode ser produzido em laboratório mas não existe um processo natural em que o nosso planeta, sozinho, consiga fazer essa molécula sem envolver a vida. Ou seja, o DMS seria uma possível bioassinatura, um sinal indireto da existência de vida. Por isso, esses cientistas alegaram ter encontrado uma possível evidência de vida na atmosfera do K2-18b. O fato é que a suposta evidência de vida, a detecção de DMS lá de 2023, tinha um grau de confiança estatística muito baixo para contar seriamente como evidência de vida. O time liderado pelo Madhusudhan continuou observando o K2-18b e voltou a publicar resultados apontando a presença de DMS usando outros instrumentos do James Webb. Foram esses resultados que fizeram tanto barulho em abril de 2025. E por que tanto barulho? Porque esse novo estudo apresenta um grau de confiança estatística mais alto para a detecção de DMS. Ele também alega ter detectado outra possível bioassinatura, uma molécula aparentada ao DMS, o DMDS, ou dissulfeto de dimetila. O resultado pareceu reforçar muito a hipótese da presença dessas possíveis bioassinaturas no K2-18b e, por isso, os grandes meios de comunicação deram ainda mais atenção ao resultado do que há dois anos atrás. O problema é que é muito complicado analisar os resultados do James Webb sobre essas atmosferas, e ainda mais difícil cravar a presença desse ou daquele composto químico ali. Aline Novais: Acho que a primeira etapa mais difícil de todas é como você tinha falado, Danilo, é separar o que é a luz do planeta e o que é a luz da estrela. Quer dizer, da atmosfera do planeta e o que é luz da estrela. E isso a gente faz como quando a gente está observando o trânsito. A gente não só observa o planeta passando na frente da estrela. Mas a gente também observa a estrela sem o planeta, e a gente compara esses dois. É literalmente subtrair um do outro. Então, assim, supondo que a gente já tem aqui o espectro pronto na nossa frente. O que a gente vai fazer para entender o que está naquele espectro? Aquilo ali é uma observação. Só que a gente tem da teoria da física, a gente sabe mais ou menos quais são as equações que vão reger a atmosfera de um planeta. Então a gente sabe o que acontece de formas gerais, que é parecida com o que acontece aqui na Terra e com o planeta do sistema solar. Então a gente sabe mais ou menos como deve ser a pressão, a temperatura. A gente sabe mais ou menos quais compostos químicos vão ter em cada camada da atmosfera, que depende de várias coisas. A gente sabe que se um planeta está muito próximo da estrela, ele vai ter determinados compostos químicos que ele não teria se ele estivesse muito mais longe da estrela dele. Então tudo isso interfere. E aí, o que a gente faz? A gente tem os dados, a gente tem o que a gente observou no telescópio. E a gente vai comparar com a teoria, com modelos que a gente faz no computador, programando, parará, parará, que vão reger aquela atmosfera. E aí, a partir disso, a gente vai comparar e ver o que faz sentido, o que não faz, o que bate e o que não bate. Danilo: Notaram que a Aline ressalta o papel dos modelos teóricos na interpretação dos dados? Os astrônomos comparam os dados coletados pelo telescópio com o que esperam observar, orientados pelas teorias e modelos considerados promissores para representar o que de fato está lá na atmosfera do planeta. E é nessa comparação que entra a estatística, a probabilidade de que as observações correspondem a este ou aquele modelo teórico. Aline Novais: Na estatística, a gente sempre vai estar quando a gente tiver probabilidade de alguma coisa, a gente sempre vai estar comparando uma coisa X com uma coisa Y. A gente nunca vai ter uma estatística falando que sim ou que não, vai ser sempre uma comparação de uma coisa ou de outra. Então, quando a gente, por exemplo, a gente tem o espectro lá de um planeta, a gente tem assinaturas que provavelmente podem ser de água, mas vamos supor que essa assinatura também é muito parecida com algum outro elemento. Com algum outro composto químico. O que a gente vai fazer? A gente vai comparar os dois e a resposta não vai ser nem que sim nem que não. A resposta vai ser: “Ah, o modelo que tem água é mais favorável.” Ou então, ele ajusta melhor os dados, do que o modelo com aquele outro composto químico.  Danilo: O time do Nikku Madhusudhan, que fala em possível detecção de DMS, tem um modelo predileto que eles mesmos desenvolveram para explicar planetas como o K2-18b: os mundos hiceanos, planetas inteiramente cobertos por um oceano de água líquida debaixo de uma espessa atmosfera de hidrogênio molecular – por isso o nome, que é uma junção do “hi” de hidrogênio e “ceano” de oceano. É esse modelo que orienta a interpretação de que os dados do K2-18b podem conter as bioassinaturas.  Aline: Todo o resultado final, que é: possivelmente detectamos assinaturas, não dependem dos dados em si, mas dependem de como eles analisaram os dados e que modelos foram utilizados para analisar esses dados. […] Os resultados vão sempre depender de como a gente analisou esses dados. […] Então a questão da detecção, ou possível detecção de bioassinatura depende principalmente de como foram colocados os modelos, do que foi inserido nos modelos e como esses modelos foram comparados. Nesse caso, os modelos utilizados foram modelos que estavam supondo que o planeta era hiceano. Que o planeta tinha um oceano e tinha uma atmosfera de hidrogênio, majoritariamente de hidrogênio. Porém, outros estudos levantaram também a possibilidade de esse planeta não ser desse tipo, ser um planeta, por exemplo, coberto de lava e não de oceano, ou com uma atmosfera, com compostos diferentes, onde a maioria não seria hidrogênio, por exemplo. E esses modelos não foram utilizados para testar essas bioassinaturas. Então o que acontece: no modelo deles, com o oceano, com a atmosfera X, Y e Z, é compatível com a existência de bioassinaturas. Porém, é completamente dependente do modelo.  Danilo: Então, a escolha de modelos teóricos diferentes afetam a interpretação dos resultados e das conclusões sobre a composição química da atmosfera de exoplanetas.  Aline: Esse grupo acredita que o planeta tenha majoritariamente hidrogênio na sua composição. O que eles vão fazer no modelo deles? Eles vão colocar sei lá quantos por cento de hidrogênio na composição, no modelo deles. Então eles estão construindo um modelo que seja semelhante ao que eles acreditam que o planeta tem. Eu não vou colocar nitrogênio se eu acho que não tem nitrogênio. Então, aí que entra a controvérsia, que é justamente o modelo ser feito para encontrar o que eles tentam encontrar. Então, assim, se você pegasse um modelo completamente diferente, se você pegasse um modelo, por exemplo, de um planeta feito de lava, que tem metano, que tem isso, que tem aquilo, será que você encontraria a mesma coisa? Danilo: Saber qual modelo teórico de atmosferas de exoplanetas corresponde melhor à realidade é algo muito difícil. O que dá pra fazer é comparar os modelos entre si: qual deles representa melhor a atmosfera do exoplaneta em comparação com outro modelo. Aline: A gente nunca vai estar falando que o modelo é perfeito. A gente nunca vai estar falando que a atmosfera é assim. A gente sempre vai estar falando que esse modelo representa melhor a atmosfera do que um outro modelo. E se você pegar uma coisa muito ruim que não tem nada a ver e comparar com uma coisa que funciona, vai ser muito fácil você falar que aquele modelo funciona melhor, certo? Então, por exemplo, no caso do K2-18b: eles fizeram um modelo que tinha lá as moléculas, o DMS, o DMDS e tal, e compararam aquilo com um modelo que não tem DMS e DMDS. O modelo que tem falou “pô, esse modelo aqui se ajusta melhor aos dados do telescópio do que esse outro que não tem”. Mas isso não significa que tenha aquelas moléculas. Isso significa que aquele modelo, naquelas circunstâncias, foi melhor estatisticamente do que um modelo que não tinha aquelas moléculas.  Danilo: O Luan tem uma analogia interessante pra explicar isso que a Aline falou. Luan: É como se você, por exemplo, vai em uma loja e vai experimentar uma roupa. Aí você pega lá uma mesma blusa igualzinha, P, M ou G. Você experimenta as três e você vê qual que você acha que se ajusta melhor ao seu corpo, né? Qual ficou com um caimento melhor? Enfim, então você vai fazendo essas comparações, não é que a blusa talvez M não tenha ficado boa, mas talvez a P ou a G tenha ficado melhor. Então os modelos são agitados dessa forma, mas também como a Aline falou depois que você descobriu o tamanho, por exemplo, você chegou à conclusão que o tamanho da blusa é M, você pode pegar e escolher diferentes variações de cores. Você pode pegar essa mesma blusa M, azul, verde, amarela, vermelha, né? E aí elas podem fornecer igualmente o mesmo bom ajuste no seu corpo. Só que a questão é que tem cores diferentes. […] A gente obviamente usa os modelos mais completos que a gente tem hoje em dia, mas não necessariamente, eles são hoje mais completos, mas não necessariamente eles são cem por cento completos. De repente está faltando alguma coisa ali que a gente não sabe.  [Música] Danilo: Eu conversei pessoalmente com o líder do time de cientistas que alegou ter descoberto as possíveis bioassinaturas no K2-18b, o Nikku Madhusudhan, quando ele estava na Holanda para participar de uma conferência em junho de 2024. Ele pareceu entusiasmado com a possibilidade de vir a confirmar possíveis bioassinaturas em exoplanetas e ao mesmo tempo cuidadoso, aparentemente consciente do risco de se comunicar a descoberta de vida extraterrestre prematuramente. A questão é que ele já cometeu alguns deslizes na comunicação com o público: por exemplo, em abril de 2024, num programa de rádio na Inglaterra, ele disse que a chance de ter descoberto vida no K2-18b era de 50% – o próprio apresentador do programa ficou surpreso com a estimativa. Naquela mesma conferência da Holanda, o Madhusudhan também pareceu muito confiante ao falar do assunto com o público de especialistas em exoplanetas – ele sabia que enfrentava muitos céticos na plateia. Ele disse que os planetas hiceanos eram “a melhor aposta” que temos com a tecnologia atual para descobrir vida extraterrestre.   Na palestra em que apresentou os novos resultados esse ano, o Madhusudhan contou que essa hipótese de mundos hiceanos foi desenvolvida com a ajuda de alunos de pós-graduação dele quando ele os desafiou a criar um modelo teórico de Mini-Netuno que oferecesse condições habitáveis, amenas para a vida. Mas a questão é que a gente não sabe se os mundos hiceanos sequer existem. É uma alternativa, uma hipótese para explicar o pouco que sabemos sobre esses exoplanetas. Há outras hipóteses, tão promissoras quanto essa, e muito menos amigáveis à existência da vida como a conhecemos. Enfim, a gente ainda sabe muito pouco sobre esses exoplanetas. Ainda não dá para decidir qual hipótese é a que melhor descreve a estrutura deles. Mas o que vai acontecer se algum dia os cientistas conseguirem resultados que apontem para uma detecção de possível bioassinatura que seja num alto grau de confiança, a tal ponto que seria insensato duvidar de sua existência? Estaríamos diante de uma incontroversa descoberta de vida extraterrestre? Digamos que os cientistas publiquem, daqui a algum tempo, novos resultados que apontam, com um grau de confiança altíssimo, para a presença de DMS no K2-18b. Mesmo que a gente tivesse certeza de que tem DMS naquela atmosfera, não seria possível cravar que a presença de DMS é causada pela vida. Como a gente tem ainda muito pouca informação sobre os ambientes que os Mini-Netunos podem apresentar, e como o nosso conhecimento sobre a própria vida ainda é muito limitado, vai ser muito difícil – para não dizer praticamente impossível – ter certeza de que a presença de uma possível bioassinatura é de fato uma bioassinatura.  Luan: A gente sabe que aqui na Terra, o DMS e o DMDS estão associados a processos biológicos. Mas a gente está falando de um planeta que é um Mini-Netuno, talvez um planeta hiceano. Será que esse planeta não tem processos químicos diferentes que podem gerar essas moléculas sem a presença da vida?  Danilo: Como disse o Luan, pode ser que processos naturais desconhecidos, sem o envolvimento da vida, sejam os responsáveis pela presença de DMS no K2-18b. A gente sabe que o DMS pode ser gerado fora da Terra por processos naturais, sem relação com a presença de vida. Para que seja gerado assim, são necessárias condições muito diferentes das que temos aqui na Terra. O interior de planetas gigantes como Júpiter, por exemplo, dá essas condições. DMS também foi detectado recentemente na superfície de um cometa, em condições muito hostis para a vida como a gente a conhece. Mais hostis ainda são as condições do meio interestelar, o espaço abissal e incrivelmente frio que existe entre as estrelas. Mesmo assim, DMS já foi detectado no meio interestelar.  É por isso que detectar uma possível bioassinatura num exoplaneta não necessariamente responde à pergunta sobre vida fora da Terra. É mais útil pensar nesses dados como peças de um quebra-cabeças: uma possível bioassinatura em um exoplaneta é uma peça que pode vir a ajudar a montar o quebra-cabeças em que a grande questão é se existe ou não existe vida fora da Terra, mas dificilmente será, sozinha, a resposta definitiva. Luan: Será que as bioassinaturas efetivamente foram produzidas por vida? Então, primeiro, estudos para entender diversos processos químicos ou físicos que poderiam gerar essas moléculas, que a gente considera como bioassinaturas, pra tentar entender em outros contextos, se elas seriam produzidas sem a presença de vida. Mas fora isso, nós astrônomos, nós também tentamos procurar conjuntos de bioassinaturas. Porque se você acha só o DMS ou o DMDS é uma coisa. Agora, se você acha isso e mais o oxigênio ou mais outra coisa, aí as evidências começam a ficar mais fortes. Um par muito comum que o pessoal comenta é você achar metano e oxigênio numa atmosfera de exoplaneta. Por quê? Porque esses dois compostos, se você deixar eles lá na atmosfera do planeta sem nenhum tipo de processo biológico, eles vão reagir. Vão formar água e gás carbônico. Então, se você detecta quantidades apreciáveis de metano e oxigênio numa atmosfera, isso indica que você tem algum processo biológico ali, repondo constantemente esses componentes na atmosfera. Então, a gente vai tentando buscar por pares ou conjuntos de bioassinaturas, porque isso vai construindo um cenário mais forte. Você olha, esse planeta está na zona habitável. Ele tem uma massa parecida com a da Terra. Ele tem uma temperatura parecida com a da Terra. Ele tem conjuntos de bioassinaturas que poderiam indicar a presença de vida. Então você vai construindo um quebra-cabeça ali, tentando chegar num conjunto de evidências.  Danilo: Talvez só vamos conseguir ter certeza quando tivermos condições de viajar os 124 anos-luz que nos separam do K2-18b, por exemplo, para examinar o planeta “in situ”, ou seja, lá no local – só que isso ainda é assunto para a ficção científica, não para a ciência atual. Não quer dizer que, dada a dificuldade, a gente deva desistir de fazer ciência nesse sentido, de detectar bioassinaturas nos exoplanetas. Luan: É claro que é super interessante aplicar esses modelos e sugerir a possível existência dessas moléculas. Isso ajuda a avançar o conhecimento, porque isso gera um interesse, gera um debate, um monte de gente vai testar, e outras pessoas já testaram e mostraram que, ou não tem a molécula nos modelos deles, ou eles não detectam ou detectam uma quantidade muito baixa. Enfim, então isso gera um debate que vai avançar o conhecimento. Então isso, no meio científico, é muito interessante esse debate, que gera outras pesquisas, e todo mundo tentando olhar por diferentes ângulos, para a gente tentar entender de uma maneira mais completa. Mas o cuidado… E aí, o grande serviço que o seu podcast está fazendo é como a gente faz chegar essa informação no público, que é o que você falou, uma coisa é: utilizamos um modelo super específico, e esse modelo indica a possível presença dessas moléculas que, na Terra, são associadas à vida. Outra coisa é dizer, na imprensa, achamos os sinais mais fortes de vida até agora. É uma distância muito grande entre essas duas coisas. Aline: Se eu analisei o meu dado e eu vi que tem aquela molécula de bioassinatura, uma coisa é eu falar: “Tem!” Outra coisa é falar: “Ó, eu analisei com esse modelo aqui e esse modelo aqui faz sentido. Ele representa melhor os meus dados do que o outro modelo”. São maneiras diferentes de falar. Mas qual que é a que vende mais? Danilo: Foi no final do nosso papo que o Luan e a Aline tocaram nessa questão que tem se tornado central nos últimos anos: como comunicar os resultados da astrobiologia da forma mais responsável? É possível que com o James Webb vamos continuar vendo potenciais detecções de bioassinaturas num futuro próximo. Por isso, a comunidade científica está preocupada com a forma como comunicamos os resultados da busca por vida fora da Terra e está se movimentando para contornar os problemas que provavelmente teremos no futuro. Eu venho participando desses esforços, pesquisando como a astrobiologia está sendo comunicada, e até ajudei a organizar um evento no ano passado para discutir isso com cientistas e jornalistas de ciência, mas conto essa história em outra hora. No próximo episódio, vamos falar sobre uma possível detecção de bioassinatura sem o James Webb e muito mais próxima da gente. A notícia veio em setembro de 2025. O planeta em que a bioassinatura pode ter sido encontrada? O vizinho cósmico que mais alimentou a imaginação humana sobre extraterrestres: Marte. Roteiro, produção, pesquisa e narração: Danilo Albergaria Revisão: Mayra Trinca, Livia Mendes e Simone Pallone Entrevistados: Luan Ghezzi e Aline Novais Edição: Carolaine Cabral Músicas: Blue Dot Sessions – Creative Commons Podcast produzido com apoio da Fapesp, por meio da bolsa Mídiaciência, com o projeto Pontes interdisciplinares para a compreensão da vida no Universo: o Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa e Inovação em Astrobiologia e o Laboratório de Astrobiologia da USP [VINHETA DE ENCERRAMENTO]

How did scientists discover evidence for dark energy? Neil deGrasse Tyson and comedian Paul Mecurio explore dark energy, Hubble tension, and the beginning and end of the universe with astrophysicist and Nobel laureate, Adam Riess.NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can listen to this entire episode commercial-free here: https://startalkmedia.com/show/origins-of-dark-energy-with-adam-riess/Thanks to our Patrons micpoc, Nathan, Matthew, Aislynn Schaffer, Mark Domino, Lou Wheeland, Matrograde, Elliott Natale, Machael Lipovski, Mathew Moore, Tony, Pablo P, Toni, Brian Futterman, quantumAnomaly, Robin Steiner, Errol Norwitz, Donovan Meek, Alan Geist, Sriganesh Arunanthi, Nuno Abreu, Ross Ziobro, Petr Doležal, Mandar Parikh, Bryan Tollin, Fooj, David Bozarth, Kolja Dobrindt, Sean Poplawski, Brad Durbin, Christian Nielsen, Zen Kurokawa, Lương Tiến, Joel Arbuckle, Chad L Ingham, Mark Morris, dylndmg, Derrick Korstick, EleanorRigbyy, Tarun C, Larry Infante, Jaclyn Anderson, Dave, Kayla Finch, The Bayside Volunteer Jam Band, Dale Allen Platt, Raymond Boulay, Lawrence Zeller, David, Kim Matthews, Jon Gefen, Mark A. Hasty, Clifford Dedmore, Mario De La Crus and Brianni Massin, jordan visina, Ryan Brown, Sebastian H, Daniel Voth, Karen Hollis, Josua Ennis, Julius Adams, Christie L Hall, Filip Risteski, scottdunbar_io, Samantha Davis, Don Franks, Corey Butler, Josh Jones, Daniel Vilasuso, J MR, joe, I Am Austin, bobmac69, Anthony cole, Zan, Erik LeRoy, Kevin George, Arman Adei, Christopher Pickett, John Morlock, AllTheScience, Juana Bee, Jeff Chastain, Jaimal Eiseman, Ed Matte, Lorkhan, D, roninraver, z67760, Orghanik Productions, and CubedWombat for supporting us this week. Subscribe to SiriusXM Podcasts+ to listen to new episodes of StarTalk Radio ad-free and a whole week early.Start a free trial now on Apple Podcasts or by visiting siriusxm.com/podcastsplus. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

In today's episode, we cover a wide array of intriguing updates from the cosmos, including a concerning communication loss with NASA's MAVEN spacecraft at Mars and the implications of its potential silence for ongoing research. We also highlight a successful rendezvous between two private spacecraft, showcasing advancements in autonomous orbital technologies. Additionally, we discuss the upcoming close approach of interstellar comet 3I Atlas, the fascinating discovery of primordial "dinosaur stars" by the James Webb Space Telescope, and the stunning visuals from the recent Gemin meteor shower. Finally, we explore the future of asteroid mining and its potential to revolutionize space exploration and resource sustainability.### Timestamps & Stories  01:05 – **Story 1: MAVEN Spacecraft Communication Loss****Key Facts**  - NASA's MAVEN spacecraft has lost communication, with a brief signal indicating unexpected rotation.  - MAVEN plays a critical role in studying Mars' atmosphere and relaying communications for surface rovers.  03:20 – **Story 2: Successful Private Spacecraft Rendezvous****Key Facts**  - Starfish Space and Impulse Space executed an autonomous rendezvous in Earth orbit, a significant step for satellite servicing.  - The project, named Remora, showcases rapid development from concept to execution.  05:45 – **Story 3: Interstellar Comet 3I Atlas Approaches Earth****Key Facts**  - The comet is set to make its closest approach on December 19th, providing a rare observational opportunity.  - Telescopes like Hubble and ESA's JUICE will be studying its composition.  08:00 – **Story 4: Discovery of Dinosaur Stars****Key Facts**  - JWST may have found evidence of massive primordial stars, potentially up to 10,000 times the mass of our Sun.  - These stars could explain the rapid formation of supermassive black holes in the early universe.  10:15 – **Story 5: Gemin Meteor Shower Highlights****Key Facts**  - The Gemin meteor shower peaked on December 13, showcasing bright meteors from asteroid 3200 Phaethon.  - Astrophotographers captured stunning images from around the world.  12:00 – **Story 6: Future of Asteroid Mining****Key Facts**  - Research suggests small asteroids could provide essential resources for Moon and Mars missions.  - The potential for water extraction and the economic implications of space resource ownership are discussed.  ### Sources & Further Reading  1. NASA2. James Webb Space Telescope3. European Space Agency4. Space.com5. Science Daily### Follow & Contact  X/Twitter: @AstroDailyPod  Instagram: @astrodailypod  Email: hello@astronomydaily.io  Website: astronomydaily.io  Clear skies and see you tomorrow!

2027 könnte die NASA das Nancy-Roman-Weltraumteleskop starten. Mit einem Spiegeldurchmesser von 2,4 Metern ist es genauso groß wie das legendäre Hubble-Teleskop. Allerdings ist der optische Aufbau ganz anders: Roman blickt viel großflächiger ins All. Lorenzen, Dirk www.deutschlandfunk.de, Sternzeit

¿Y si todo lo que pensábamos saber sobre el Universo… estuviera un poco equivocado?

Cosmological Crises and Mars Rover Progress: Colleague Bob Zimmerman details cosmological crises including the "Hubble tension" where expansion rates conflict and a baffling 7-hour gamma-ray burst, reporting on Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS images confirming it is a comet rather than a spacecraft, and the Perseverance rover moving toward promising mining terrain on Mars. 1865

SHOW 12-9-25 CBS EYE ON THE WORLD WITH JOHN BATCHELOR 1916 MONTENEGRO THE SHOW BEGINS IN THE DOUBTS ABOUT THE HUBBLE CONSTANT. FIRST HOUR 9-915 Baltic Defenses and NATO's Uncertain Resolve: Colleague Blaine Holt discusses the Baltics preparing defensive "Mino lines" and bunkers fearing a potential Russian attack, noting Baltic citizens feel trapped between NATO bureaucracy and Russian hybrid warfare while doubting NATO's resolve to intervene, arguing diplomatic solutions are necessary as Europe lacks resources for a cohesive defense. 915-930 NATO's Viability and Europe's Demographic Shifts: Colleague Blaine Holt questions NATO's viability through 2050, citing rising US sentiment to withdraw and Europe's demographic shifts due to mass migration, warning that diverging values and economic instability could lead to civil unrest or new geopolitical alignments between Russia, China, and the US. 930-945 European Leaders Meet Zelenskyy Amid Strategic Dilemmas: Colleague Judy Dempsey discusses the "Big Three" European leaders meeting Zelenskyy, questioning their ability to resolve the war without wider coalitions, noting the EU is bypassing unanimity rules to seize Russian assets but struggles with the dilemma of offering Ukraine EU membership while demanding territorial concessions. 945-1000 Europe's Lack of Self-Confidence Facing Global Challenges: Colleague Judy Dempsey criticizes Europe's lack of self-confidence and ambition when facing Trump's transactional administration and Chinese aggression, arguing European leaders complain about US criticism rather than leveraging their own economic power, noting they are "sleepwalking" regarding the auto industry and dependencies on China. SECOND HOUR 10-1015 The National Security Strategy and the First Island Chain: Colleague Steve Yates analyzes the National Security Strategy's focus on the "first island chain" and deterrence against China's bullying of Japan and the Philippines, noting the CCP's obsession with WWII-era Japan for propaganda fails to resonate regionally as neighbors face modern Chinese aggression and grey zone tactics. 1015-1030 Nvidia Chip Sales to China Raise National Security Concerns: Colleague Brandon Weichert reports on the Trump administration approving Nvidia H200 chip sales to China while taking a 25% cut, warning this transactional approach compromises national security by aiding China's military AI, signaling a shift from hawkish policies to favoring business interests like soybeans. 1030-1045 SpaceX Dominance and the Golden Dome Defense Project: Colleague Bob Zimmerman highlights SpaceX's dominance with record-breaking booster reuse and launch frequency compared to rivals, discussing the secretive "Golden Dome" defense project, defects on the Orion capsule's hatch threatening the Artemis mission, and Airbus surprisingly choosing a Chinese satellite constellation for in-flight internet. 1045-1100 Cosmological Crises and Mars Rover Progress: Colleague Bob Zimmerman details cosmological crises including the "Hubble tension" where expansion rates conflict and a baffling 7-hour gamma-ray burst, reporting on Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS images confirming it is a comet rather than a spacecraft, and the Perseverance rover moving toward promising mining terrain on Mars.           THIRD HOUR 1100-1115 The 1605 Gunpowder Plot and Catholic Desperation: Colleague Claire Jackson explains the 1605 Gunpowder Plot as a desperate attempt by Catholics, frustrated by James I's retention of penal laws and peace with Spain, to destroy the Protestant establishment, with the plotters aiming to kill the king and install a puppet Catholic monarch amidst the ensuing chaos. 1115-1130 The Mirror of Great Britain and James I's Violent Childhood: Colleague Claire Jackson explains the "Mirror of Great Britain" jewel symbolizing James I's union plans, though it was destroyed during the Civil Wars, detailing his violent childhood in Scotland, his father Darnley's murder, and his separation from his mother Mary Queen of Scots, which shaped his intellectual upbringing. 1130-1145 The Hampton Court Conference and the King James Bible: Colleague Claire Jackson describes how James I convened the Hampton Court Conference to resolve religious differences, resulting in the King James Bible, highlighting his unique role as an author of works like Basilikon Doron, using print to converse with subjects and establish the divine right of kings. 1145-1200 James I as Ecumenicist Amid Confessional Complexity: Colleague Claire Jackson portrays James I as an ecumenicist seeking accommodation, provided Catholics recognized his temporal authority via an Oath of Allegiance, noting he faced a "confessional complexity" ruling Protestant Scotland and England alongside Catholic Ireland, aiming to isolate radical Jesuits from the loyal majority. FOURTH HOUR 12-1215 Commodities Update from France: Colleague Simon Constable reports from France on unseasonably warm weather and rising copper prices driven by tech demand, noting cocoa prices dropped while coffee remains expensive, discussing farmers' effective non-violent protests in Europe and contrasting European energy shortages with the electricity needs of AI development. 1215-1230 UK Labour's Struggles and the Workers' Rights Bill: Colleague Simon Constable analyzes the UK Labour Party's struggles despite a large majority, citing Keir Starmer's low approval, warning that the return of "Red Rayner" and a new workers' rights bill preventing easy firing could stifle economic growth and deter foreign investment, worsening Britain's debt. 1230-1245 The National Security Strategy as Transatlantic "Divorce Papers": Colleague Blaine Holt argues the National Security Strategy resembles "divorce papers" for a perilous transatlantic relationship, contending Europe, having de-industrialized, refuses Trump's diplomatic efforts to end the Ukraine war, fearing the aftermath of a conflict they cannot sustain against a re-industrialized Russia. 1245-100 AM Penang's Boom Contrasts with China's Decline: Colleague Charles Ortel contrasts Penang's economic boom and diverse hardworking culture with China's decline, discussing China's suppressed financial data and property crisis with Gordon Chang, arguing Western elites were "bought off" by Beijing while investors should demand transparency regarding assets trapped in ChiNA.

s of the Hubble Constant — Bob Zimmerman — Zimmerman outlines a fundamental crisis in cosmological understanding regarding the Hubble constant, the astronomical parameter measuring the rate at which the universe is systematically expanding across time and space. Zimmerman documents that the measurement crisis stems from irreducible conflicting empirical data: when astronomers measure the early universe using distant supernovae and cosmic microwave background radiation, they derive a lower expansion rate number, yet when they measure the near universeusing contemporary observations of local galactic clusters, they derive a significantly higher expansion rate number. Zimmerman emphasizes that this discrepancy does not result from imprecise or unreliable data; rather, both measurement methodologies have become increasingly sophisticated and accurate, yet the fundamental contradiction persists despite technological improvements. Zimmerman argues that the persistent contradiction between two highly accurate but incompatible numerical values indicates that "something is fundamentally wrong with the cosmology and the theories," suggesting that current scientific understanding of the Big Bang, cosmic evolution, and the universe's fundamental physical properties contains critical errors requiring radical theoretical revision. Zimmerman employs an analogy: if measuring a child's growth rate during their first year of life predicted they should be 4 feet tall, but contemporary measurement reveals them to be 5 feet tall, and both measurements are perfectly accurate, then the mathematical formula governing human growth is fundamentally flawed—similarly, the Hubble constant contradiction suggests current cosmological models misunderstand the universe's fundamental physics and evolutionary trajectory. AUGUST 1958

# Exploring Cosmic Frontiers: Webb Telescope's Mind-Bending Discoveries | Space Cowboy PodcastJoin the Space Cowboy on a fascinating journey through the James Webb Space Telescope's most groundbreaking discoveries. This episode explores the surprisingly mature spiral galaxy Alaknanda that challenges our understanding of early universe formation, the record-breaking oldest supernova ever observed from just 730 million years after the Big Bang, and compelling evidence of "monster stars" that may have seeded the first supermassive black holes.Discover how gravitational lensing helped Webb capture unprecedented details of distant galaxies, learn about the ongoing "Hubble tension" mystery regarding the universe's expansion rate, and hear about surprising findings in our own solar system. This thoughtful, accessible exploration of cutting-edge astronomy reveals how Webb consistently shows us a universe that developed faster and more creatively than our models predicted.Perfect for astronomy enthusiasts, space science fans, and anyone curious about our cosmic origins, this episode delivers frontier astrophysics with the Space Cowboy's signature contemplative style.Some great Deals https://amzn.to/49SJ3QsFor more check out http://www.quietplease.aiThis content was created in partnership and with the help of Artificial Intelligence AI

In today's episode of The Atheist Experience, hosts Forrest Valkai and Jim Barrows tackle the dangerous rise of Christian nationalism and its alignment with fascism, explore the limits of biblical morality, and examine the overwhelming evidence for evolution and geology.Lucy Spina in TX, ACA chair, details the Rainbow Rights Roadshow drive with Equality Texas, aiding LGBTQ+ resource deserts. Hosts stress "no strings attached" secular community support needed against current political threats. Is this grassroots outreach vital?G-Man (nudibranchs jumping sea slugs) argues atheists lack objective morality, asserting God is the source of all good. Hosts challenge this as Divine Command Theory, making God the subjective arbiter. They critique God's immorality, citing the Flood and slavery. Does God's omnipotence and omniscience make him culpable for all sin?Ujay in SD, a deconstructing agnostic, asks for a scientific explanation of evolution and dating methods. Forrest refutes the creationist claim that evolution begets racism, explaining it is Social Darwinism. He details radioisotope half-lives and Hubble's constant for dating the Earth and Universe. Can overwhelming evidence cure religious skepticism?Hannah argues research on morphogenesis (Michael Levin) suggests evidence against materialism, supporting a platonic space of information. The hosts warn against using this gap as evidence for the supernatural. They challenge the assertion as an Argument From Ignorance, noting that complexity does not equal magic. Is Platonism a justifiable conclusion from current unknowns?Thank you all so much for tuning in. Please support your local atheist and civil rights organizations, as they are needed now more than ever.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-atheist-experience--3254896/support.

In this episode of Crazy Wisdom, Stewart Alsop talks with Aaron Lowry about the shifting landscape of attention, technology, and meaning—moving through themes like treasure-hunt metaphors for human cognition, relevance realization, the evolution of observational tools, decentralization, blockchain architectures such as Cardano, sovereignty in computation, the tension between scarcity and abundance, bioelectric patterning inspired by Michael Levin's research, and the broader cultural and theological currents shaping how we interpret reality. You can follow Aaron's work and ongoing reflections on X at aaron_lowry.Check out this GPT we trained on the conversationTimestamps00:00:00 Stewart and Aaron open with the treasure-hunt metaphor, salience landscapes, and how curiosity shapes perception. 00:05:00 They explore shifting observational tools, Hubble vs James Webb, and how data reframes what we think is real. 00:10:00 The conversation moves to relevance realization, missing “Easter eggs,” and the posture of openness. 00:15:00 Stewart reflects on AI, productivity, and feeling pulled deeper into computers instead of freed from them. 00:20:00 Aaron connects this to monetary policy, scarcity, and technological pressure. 00:25:00 They examine voice interfaces, edge computing, and trust vs convenience. 00:30:00 Stewart shares experiments with Raspberry Pi, self-hosting, and escaping SaaS dependence. 00:35:00 They discuss open-source, China's strategy, and the economics of free models. 00:40:00 Aaron describes building hardware–software systems and sensor-driven projects. 00:45:00 They turn to blockchain, UTXO vs account-based, node sovereignty, and Cardano. 00:50:00 Discussion of decentralized governance, incentives, and transparency. 00:55:00 Geopolitics enters: BRICS, dollar reserve, private credit, and institutional fragility. 01:00:00 They reflect on the meaning crisis, gnosticism, reductionism, and shattered cohesion. 01:05:00 Michael Levin, bioelectric patterning, and vertical causation open new biological and theological frames. 01:10:00 They explore consciousness as fundamental, Stephen Wolfram, and the limits of engineered solutions. 01:15:00 Closing thoughts on good-faith orientation, societal transformation, and the pull toward wilderness.Key InsightsCuriosity restructures perception. Aaron frames reality as something we navigate more like a treasure hunt than a fixed map. Our “salience landscape” determines what we notice, and curiosity—not rigid frameworks—keeps us open to signals we would otherwise miss. This openness becomes a kind of existential skill, especially in a world where data rarely aligns cleanly with our expectations.Our tools reshape our worldview. Each technological leap—from Hubble to James Webb—doesn't just increase resolution; it changes what we believe is possible. Old models fail to integrate new observations, revealing how deeply our understanding depends on the precision and scope of our instruments.Technology increases pressure rather than reducing it. Even as AI boosts productivity, Stewart notices it pulling him deeper into computers. Aaron argues this is systemic: productivity gains don't free us; they raise expectations, driven by monetary policy and a scarcity-based economic frame.Digital sovereignty is becoming essential. The conversation highlights the tension between convenience and vulnerability. Cloud-based AI creates exposure vectors into personal life, while running local hardware—Raspberry Pis, custom Linux systems—restores autonomy but requires effort and skill.Blockchain architecture determines decentralization. Aaron emphasizes the distinction between UTXO and account-based systems, arguing that UTXO architectures (Bitcoin, Cardano) support verifiable edge participation, while account-based chains accumulate unwieldy state and centralize validation over time.Institutional trust is eroding globally. From BRICS currency moves to private credit schemes, both note how geopolitical maneuvers signal institutional fragility. The “few men in a room” dynamic persists, but now under greater stress, driving more people toward decentralization and self-reliance.Biology may operate on deeper principles than genes. Michael Levin's work on bioelectric patterning opens the door to “vertical causation”—higher-level goals shaping lower-level processes. This challenges reductionism and hints at a worldview where consciousness, meaning, and biological organization may be intertwined in ways neither materialism nor traditional theology fully capture.

Ces cinq dernières années ont été marquées par une augmentation sans précédent du nombre de satellites en orbite autour de la Terre. On commence à peine à en comprendre les répercussions, à l'heure où les débris en orbite sont déjà en tel nombre qu'un micro-impact a récemment empêché le dernier équipage chinois de rentrer sur Terre avec la capsule prévue. Une chose est sûre : le ciel nocturne est en pleine mutation, et les astronomes sont aux premières loges pour en être témoins. Vu du sol, cette flambée satellitaire se manifeste par des traînées lumineuses sur les images astronomiques des grands télescopes, dues à la réflexion de la lumière solaire par les satellites lors de leur déplacement dans le ciel. Mais il n'y a pas que les télescopes terrestres qui sont impactés. Dans un article venant de paraître dans Nature, une équipe de chercheurs montre que la prolifération des satellites a et aura également un impact très important sur les télescopes en orbite. Source Satellite megaconstellations will threaten space-based astronomyAlejandro Borlaff et al.Nature volume 648(3 december 2025)https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09759-5 Illustrations Images simulées des télescopes spatiaux Hubble, SPHEREx, ARRAKIHS et Xuntian (Borlaff et al.) Positions en altitude des télescopes spatiaux étudiés et des constellations de satellites prévues (Borlaff et al.) Nombre moyen de traînées de satellites par exposition en fonction de la population de satellites artificiels en orbite terrestre pour les quatre télescopes étudiés [échelles logarithmiques!] (Borlaff et al.) Alejandro Borlaff

Nancy Chris Roman Space Telescope Assembly Complete: NASA has successfully assembled the Nancy Chris Roman Space Telescope, a major milestone that brings us closer to its anticipated launch in May 2027. This powerful telescope, equipped with a 288-megapixel camera, promises to gather data hundreds of times faster than Hubble, potentially unveiling over 100,000 new exoplanets and billions of galaxies.Russian Soyuz Rocket Launch Damage: Following a successful launch to the International Space Station, damage was discovered at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, attributed to vibrations and heat from the launch. Repairs are expected to take around three months, but there's no immediate threat to future crewed missions.Satellite Mega Constellations and Light Pollution: A new forecast reveals that satellite mega constellations could severely impact astronomical observations, with projections showing that 1/3 of Hubble's images may be contaminated with satellite trails by the 2030s. Solutions are being explored to mitigate this growing issue.Geological Differences Between Earth and Venus: Recent research sheds light on the geological differences between Earth and Venus, highlighting that Venus operates under a 'squishy lid' regime, which affects its volcanism and tectonic activity. This new framework helps explain the presence of active volcanoes on the otherwise stagnant planet.James Webb Space Telescope's Stunning New Image: The James Webb Space Telescope captures a breathtaking image of two colliding dwarf galaxies, NGC 4490 and NGC 4485, revealing a bridge of gas and new stars formed from their gravitational interaction, showcasing the dynamic nature of the universe.Rare High-Definition Sunspot Images: Astronomers have captured rare high-definition images of sunspots just before they erupted in a powerful solar flare. These images provide critical insights into the sun's magnetic activity and could improve our ability to predict solar events that impact technology on Earth.For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic, TikTok, and our new Instagram account! Don't forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.Thank you for tuning in. This is Avery and Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and exploring the wonders of our universe.✍️ Episode ReferencesNancy Chris Roman Space Telescope[NASA](https://www.nasa.gov/)Soyuz Launch Damage Report[Roscosmos](https://www.roscosmos.ru/)Satellite Constellation Forecast[Hubble Space Telescope](https://hubblesite.org/)Venus Geological Research[Planetary Science Journal](https://www.planetarysciencejournal.com/)James Webb Space Telescope Image[NASA Webb](https://webb.nasa.gov/)Sunspot Observations[Gregor Solar Telescope](https://www.gregorsolar.telescope/)Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-space-news-updates--5648921/support.Sponsor Details:Ensure your online privacy by using NordVPN. To get our special listener deal and save a lot of money, visit www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. You'll be glad you did!Sponsor Details:Ensure your online privacy by using NordVPN. To get our special listener deal and save a lot of money, visit www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. You'll be glad you did!Become a supporter of Astronomy Daily by joining our Supporters Club. Commercial free episodes daily are only a click way... Click HereThis episode includes AI-generated content.

The world around us has transformed dramatically—but has philanthropy kept up? For our Finding Brave guest today, John Studzinski, American-British investor and humanitarian and the author of the new book A Talent for Giving: Creating a More Generous Society that Benefits Everyone, this question isn't academic—it's deeply personal. His philanthropic journey began humbly, volunteering at a soup kitchen as a teenager. Today, he's recognized globally for transformative work addressing homelessness through London's Passage Day Centre and championing emerging artists through the Genesis Foundation. In the U.S., he serves on the boards of The J. Paul Getty Trust, St. Patrick's Cathedral, and the Foundation for Art and Preservation in Embassies (FAPE) and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. In this inspiring conversation, John shares his views on how the true meaning of philanthropy has been lost and how it needs to transform to inspire the next generation to make a more meaningful impact. John tells us about his book and how it has helped inspire individuals to spend the gift of time serving the common good. From the power and importance of human connection to the essential need for empathy, John shares the critical lessons he hopes readers will take from his book. We discuss why giving is not very beneficial unless we understand how, at the same time, to receive. John walks us through how he manages his time in order to be of service to his communities the way he does. John goes on to explain what he believes would happen to humanity if people stopped giving and caring about the community. And he teaches us that so much of our dignity is dependent on what we've given instead of what we've spent or kept. If you have the desire to contribute in new ways and give of your talents and abilities to support the common good, this conversation will inspire you to action. Every person on this planet has authority that can be used for the common good, and leveraging those strengths and talents for the benefit of our communities is not only rewarding but deeply instrumental and meaningful.   Key Highlights From This Episode:  A bit about John's book, A Talent for Giving, and how it's a call to action to serve the common good with your talents. [04:48] How John's faith inspires him to give to the community, and why he always tries to put himself in another person's shoes. [12:47] John discusses how he stewards his time and manages to do everything that he does throughout the day. [16:27] Why empathy is a critical piece in giving, how John wants everyone to read his book, and the most important thing to learn from it. [18:23] The concept of shame, setting boundaries around giving, and how giving is only beneficial if you can receive. [24:30] What would happen in the world if everybody stopped caring about the common good and giving back. [28:55] John tells us about his process of dictating his book and which chapter surprised him the most. [33:30] The first place listeners can start if they want to give back to their community today. [38:23]   For More Information:  John Studzinski on LinkedIn   Links Mentioned in Today's Episode:  John's book, A Talent for Giving: Creating a More Generous Society that Benefits Everyone John's book on Audible Genesis Foundation Genesis Foundation on Instagram Genesis Foundation on Facebook Genesis Foundation on X PIMCO   ——————— GOT A BURNING CAREER OR PROFESSIONAL GROWTH QUESTION? Ask me on Hubble!   I'm thrilled to join the Hubble advisory group, a space for thoughtful conversations and honest advice on life, work, business, and career challenges. I often hear from people worldwide seeking guidance on careers, leadership, personal growth, and making a bigger impact. Now, connecting and answering your questions is easier than ever—Hubble lets you book a one-off call or recurring sessions with me.   I help with: Career, leadership, and executive coaching Communication and relationship skills training Personal branding and thought leadership strategy Women's leadership growth and advancement Keynote speaking and workshops on confidence and self-trust growth, visibility, thriving through uncertain times, and making a positive impact You'll also learn how to recognize and close the 7 damaging confidence gaps that block thousands of professionals from reaching their highest and most rewarding potential. Book some time with me here on Hubble - I'd love to support your top goals: https://app.hubble.social/kathycaprino    ——————— Order Kathy's book The Most Powerful You today! In Australia and New Zealand, click here to order, elsewhere outside North America, click here, and in the UK, click here. If you enjoy the book, we'd so appreciate your giving it a positive rating and review on Amazon! And check out Kathy's digital companion course The Most Powerful You, to help you close the 7 most damaging power gaps in the most effective way possible.   Kathy's Power Gaps Survey, Support To Build Your LinkedIn Profile To Great Success & Other Free Resources Kathy's TEDx Talk, Time To Brave Up & Free Career Path Self-Assessment Kathy's Amazing Career Project video training course & 6 Dominant Action Styles Quiz   ——————— Sponsor Highlight I'm thrilled that both Audible.com and Amazon Music are sponsors of Finding Brave! Take advantage of their great special offers and free trials today! Audible Offer Amazon Music Offer   Quotes:  "The multiplier effect of giving is much more powerful than people realize." — John Studzinski [0:10:09] "Your greatest gift from God that you have is actually not your talent, but it's actually your time. You don't know how many days you have left on the planet." — John Studzinski [0:14:59] "If you're not empathetic, it's like having your eyes closed and your ears covered. – It's like putting a bag over your head and not trying to engage." — John Studzinski [0:19:25] "If someone asks you for money, I always say, 'Tell them you'll donate your time, and if they don't want your time, you don't want them because they don't appreciate you as a human being.'" — John Studzinski [0:25:47] "Giving is not very beneficial unless you understand how, at the same time, to receive." — John Studzinski [0:27:04] "We are very, very dependent on each other. Perhaps more so than we realize." — John Studzinski [0:30:19]   Watch our Finding Brave episodes on YouTube! Don't forget – you can experience each Finding Brave episode in both audio and video formats! Check out new and recent episodes on my YouTube channel at YouTube.com/kathycaprino. And please leave us a comment and a thumbs up if you like the show!

# Exploring Cosmic Frontiers: James Webb's Groundbreaking DiscoveriesJoin the Space Cowboy as he unpacks the most fascinating recent discoveries from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope. This episode delves into mysterious "little red dots" in the distant universe, including the perplexing object dubbed "The Cliff" that has astronomers rethinking black hole formation theories. Discover how Webb's infrared capabilities revealed these objects that remained invisible to Hubble for decades.Learn about Webb's stunning observations of interacting dwarf galaxies and the shocking discovery of Alaknanda - a fully-formed spiral galaxy existing when the universe was just one-tenth its current age. The episode also explores WASP-107b, an exoplanet dramatically shedding its atmosphere, visible through Webb's powerful instruments.Perfect for astronomy enthusiasts and space exploration fans, this episode showcases how the James Webb Space Telescope continues revolutionizing our understanding of the cosmos with its ability to observe distant infrared light and peer through cosmic dust to reveal the universe's hidden secrets.Some great Deals https://amzn.to/49SJ3QsFor more check out http://www.quietplease.aiThis content was created in partnership and with the help of Artificial Intelligence AI

Ireland has no shortage of stately manors, but as Irish Stew hosts Martin Nutty and John Lee learned, no other historic property has a legacy like Co. Offaly's Birr Castle Demesne, which for generations has been an incubator of breakthroughs in engineering and science.With local historian and educator Brian Kennedy as their guide, the podcasters share the story of the Victorian-era, steampunk-style construction of timber, iron, and stonework that was the world's largest telescope from 1845 to 1917. Built by William Parsons, the 3rd Earl of Rosse, “The Leviathan of Parsonstown” as it became known is a 20-foot-tall engineering marvel that enabled the Earl to map light-years distant nebulae with stunning accuracy that rivals modern Hubble telescope images.Brian points out that the Parsons family's 400-year legacy includes what's thought to be one of the world's earliest surviving suspension bridges on the grounds, Charles Parsons' invention of the steam turbine, and the work of photography pioneer Mary Wilmer Field, the 3rd Countess of Rosse.Her 1850s glass plate photographs are preserved in Ireland's Historic Science Centre at Birr, which not only tells the Birr science story in historical artifacts and interactive displays, but that of Ireland as well.And Birr is still writing that science story today as it hosts the Irish station of the Europe-wide LOFAR radio telescope network, which in 2018 observed for the first time a billion-year-old red-dwarf, flare star.Add botany and horticulture to the science mix with multi-generational botanical treasures on display across the expansive grounds including 17th-century box hedges (among the world's tallest), specimens from China and South America, and Victorian glasshouses under restoration.“There's something in bloom every day of the year, throughout the whole year of plants from right throughout the world.” Brian says.The conversation wraps with a discussion of the town's transformation from "Parsonstown" back to its original Irish name, its connection to St. Brendan's monastery, the charming town's rich Georgian heritage, and things to see and do “off the beaten craic” in Birr's environs.But for Brian, it all starts with the Birr Castle Demesne, “Come early in the morning because one day is just not enough to take in all that the castle has to offer,” he advises.Next week Irish Stew makes one more stop in Co. Offaly at the River Shannon town of Banagher where John and Martin record their first (but not their last) episode in a church!LinksBirr Castle DemesneWebsiteFacebookInstagramLinkedInXYouTubeTikTokHidden Heartlands Travel ResourcesIreland.comDiscover Ireland's Hidden HeartlandsIrish Stew LinksWebsiteEpisode Page: Brian KennedyInstagramLinkedInXFacebookEpisode Details: Season 7, Episode 35; Total Episode Count: 138

Trigger warning, this episode includes a discussion around a sensitive topic that you might find distressing. Listener discretion is very much encouraged.Criticism of the Catholic church, the concept of existence, and whether infinity is real. They are the three big topics for this episode of The People's Countryside Environmental Debate Podcast, the place where you the listener send in questions for co-hosts Stuart ‘The Wildman' Mabbutt and William Mankelow to discuss, dissect, deliberate, sometimes dispute, but very rarely debate, even though that word is in the podcast's title! The first question for this episode comes from Ryszard in Bydgoszcz, Poland - ”If everyone in the world suddenly forgot you existed, did you ever truly exist?”William notes that countless people have lived and died, and that thousands more are dying at this very moment. Many of them pass without anyone knowing or remembering them.Stuart considers whether a person truly exists if everyone forgets them. He notes that actions and thoughts create ripples that persist regardless of memory. Reflecting on identity, he suggests “you” may be an illusion, with the soul merely electrical brain activity, meaning existence could be just a consequence of the bodily functions. He concludes the question remains fundamentally uncertain.William's action: He reflects on mortality by considering two types of death: the physical death of oneself, and the death of the last person who remembers you. He encourages using this perspective to guide actions in life, aiming to leave a positive influence and be remembered meaningfully. Through the podcast, he and Stuart model this by addressing big issues and challenging listeners to think deeply.Stuart's action: whether being unacknowledged or forgotten diminishes a person's impact, and what the nature of “you” truly is. He struggles with the idea of existence tied to memory and suggests it may be possible to be remembered without truly existing. His focus is on examining the concept of self.The second question for this episode comes from Zbigniew in Chorzów, Poland - ”Is infinity real, or is it a mental construct?” William considers the limits of human knowledge about the universe. He notes that the universe's accelerating expansion and the finite speed of light prevent us from fully knowing its size. Despite observing distant regions with telescopes like Hubble and James Webb, much remains beyond our reach.  We never really know if infinity is real. This could all be a simulation. Stuart examines the concept of infinity, suggesting it may or may not be real. He emphasizes that what is certain is that our understanding of it is a human mental construct, shaped by our interpretation of what infinity might or might not be.What do you make of this discussion? Do you have a question that you'd like us to discuss? Let us know by sending an email to ⁠thepeoplescountryside@gmail.comSign the Petition - Improve The Oxfordshire Countryside Accessibility For All Disabilities And Abilities: change.org/ImproveTheOxfordshireCountrysideAccessibilityForAllDisabilitiesAndAbilitiesWe like to give you an ad free experience. We also like our audience to be relatively small and engaged, we're not after numbers.This podcast's overall themes are nature, philosophy, climate, the human condition, sustainability, and social justice. Help us to spread the impact of the podcast by sharing this link with 5 friends podfollow.com/ThePeoplesCountrysideEnvironmentalDebatePodcast , support our work through Patreon patreon.com/thepeoplescountryside⁠. Find out all about the podcast via this one simple link: linktr.ee/thepeoplescountryside

HT2456 - The Most Memorable Photographs of our Age Time has a way of filtering out the unimportant. Think back 500 years ago. We don't remember local politics, but we do remember the great art from that era. What will people, 500 years from now, look back at our era and find most remarkable? I'll guarantee you it won't be your work or my work, nor even the photographs of the masters like Ansel Adams or Edward Weston. No, they will look back at the images the astronauts captured while on the moon, the Voyager, Cassini, and Juno expeditions to the distant planets, the Hubble and Webb telescope images of distant galaxies. Show your appreciation for our free weekly Podcast and our free daily Here's a Thought… with a donation Thanks!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_BOqF2XknOc From Jan 12, 2018. Hosted by Tony Darnell. Like this content? Please consider becoming a patron:  https://www.patreon.com/profile/creators?u=2493405 On January 11, 2017 the Spitzer and Hubble Space Telescope missions released an amazing flythrough of the Orion Nebula, or M42.  Never before have we had such a detailed look at this naked eye object in two wavelengths.   Using actual scientific imagery and other data, combined with Hollywood techniques, a team at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, and the Caltech/Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC) in Pasadena, California, has created the best and most detailed multi-wavelength visualization yet of this photogenic nebula.    [Editor's note: You really do want to click on the YouTube link above.]   We've added a new way to donate to 365 Days of Astronomy to support editing, hosting, and production costs.  Just visit: https://www.patreon.com/365DaysOfAstronomy and donate as much as you can! Share the podcast with your friends and send the Patreon link to them too!  Every bit helps! Thank you! ------------------------------------ Do go visit http://www.redbubble.com/people/CosmoQuestX/shop for cool Astronomy Cast and CosmoQuest t-shirts, coffee mugs and other awesomeness! http://cosmoquest.org/Donate This show is made possible through your donations.  Thank you! (Haven't donated? It's not too late! Just click!) ------------------------------------ The 365 Days of Astronomy Podcast is produced by the Planetary Science Institute. http://www.psi.edu Visit us on the web at 365DaysOfAstronomy.org or email us at info@365DaysOfAstronomy.org.

Luca ci parla di skincare coreana e dell'importanza in generale della cura della propria pelle, non solo per motivi estetici ma soprattutto di salute, e di tutta la scienza che sta dietro un argomento apparentemente frivolo.Giuliana intervista Valeria Zuccoli, data scientist e già nostra ospite, per saperne di più del “Vibe Coding”. E voi, se nel vostro lavoro usate linguaggi di programmazione, lo usate? Per approfondire: https://x.com/karpathy/status/1886192184808149383 e https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.03622Andrea infine ci racconta di come una recente analisi sulle supernovae di tipo Ia potrebbe farci cambiare modello di evoluzione dell'Universo, anche riducendo la tensione tra le varie misure della costante di Hubble.E se vi chiedevate chi fossero i cantanti Xöömej... sono persone che usano la voce in modo straordinario, mentre Andrea aveva semplicemente una voce terribile, per tutt'altro motivo, consolatevi con The HU!Diventa un supporter di questo podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/scientificast-la-scienza-come-non-l-hai-mai-sentita--1762253/support.

This Astrum compilation explores stars like our sun. Where do they come from? What makes them different from each other? And what's happening deep inside them? Featuring breathtaking images from Hubble, we're uncovering the physics that lights up the universe. ▀▀▀▀▀▀Astrum's newsletter has launched! Want to know what's happening in space? Sign up here: ⁠https://astrumspace.kit.com⁠A huge thanks to our Patreons who help make these videos possible. Sign-up here: ⁠https://bit.ly/4aiJZNF

Una de las mayores sorpresas en el campo de la Cosmología fue descubrir que el universo se estaba expandiendo y que la velocidad de expansión es mucho mayor cuanto más lejos estén las galaxias unas de otras. Esa velocidad se mide mediante la constante de Hubble. Pero hay un problema: Su valor no coincide según el método empleado, lo que se conoce como "Tensión de Hubble". Y esa constante es la que se emplea, entre otras cosas, para determinar la edad del universo. Un proyecto internacional se encargará de solucionar esa discrepancia en los valores. Si el problema estuviera en el modelo cosmológico estaríamos ante uno de los descubrimientos más significativos de este siglo. Hemos hablado con Licia Verde, investigadora ICREA del Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos de la Universidad de Barcelona y coordinadora de RedH0T. -Con Fernando de Castro hemos comentado el proyecto NextBrain, un atlas del cerebro desarrollado por un equipo internacional con participación española, que pone a disposición de los médicos mapas de zonas concretas de este órgano, con posibles aplicaciones para el diagnóstico de enfermedades o de los efectos de un tratamiento. Bernardo Herradón nos ha hablado de las aplicaciones del flúor en medicina, del famoso teflón y de la mala prensa de este elemento químico por su papel en el agujero en la capa de ozono. María González Dionis nos ha contado un estudio sobre la evolución de los perros. Estos animales ya mostraban una gran diversidad hace 11.000 años. Hemos informado de la concesión de la Medalla a la Excelencia Científica 2025 al físico Juan Ignacio Cirac, director del Instituto Max Planck de Óptica Cuántica en Garching (Alemania) y profesor honorario de la Universidad Técnica de Munich. El jurado ha destacado la trascendencia científica de sus contribuciones en el ámbito de las Ciencias y Tecnologías Cuánticas. Y hemos rendido nuestro pequeño homenaje al matemático y divulgador Claudi Alsina, fallecido el pasado domingo a los 73 años de edad. Del medio centenar de libros que publicó y los más de 400 artículos que firmó, la mitad los dedicó a la educación de las matemáticas. El último libro lleva por título "El tercer lunes de enero es el día más triste del año. Matemáticas y Fake News", recientemente publicado por la editorial Ariel. Escuchar audio

Hoy nos fuimos a la esencia: cómo de verdad “vemos” el universo. Hablamos de por qué las fotos virales de la NASA usan falsos colores (y por qué eso es MÁS impresionante), qué es la luz invisible que nuestros ojos no detectan, el cometa interestelar que nos visita “de pasada”, la foto Deep Field del Hubble que cambió la perspectiva humana, y por qué el espacio se ve negro.También aterrizamos temas calientes: ¿se puede vivir en Marte?, el choque Vía Láctea–Andrómeda, ciencia vs. religión (cómo convivir sin cancelar la curiosidad), Frankenstein visto desde la física y qué hay de real en Stranger Things/Interstellar (agujeros de gusano, relatividad del tiempo).Si te gusta entender el mundo sin complicarte, este episodio es para ti.

Noticias de Astronomía y Exploración del Espacio – NOVIEMBRE 18, 2025. En este programa presentamos, comentamos y explicamos dos o tres noticias astronómicas y de exploración del espacio que fueron dadas a conocer en la semana, y que nos parecieron de particular relevancia e interés. Además, Pablo Lonnie Pacheco, de “Cielos Despejados,” nos presenta sus efemérides astronómicas. Esta semana: + 0) Nueva clasificación morfológica de galaxias de Hubble por el telescopio espacial Euclides. https://phys.org/news/2025-11-euclid-galaxy-evolution.html + 1) Extienden el grupo de estrellas de las Pléyades. https://www.sci.news/astronomy/greater-pleiades-complex-14350.html https://phys.org/news/2025-11-pleiades-star-cluster-revealed-vast.html https://uncnews.unc.edu/2025/11/12/the-seven-sisters-just-found-thousands-of-long-lost-siblings/ https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ae0724 + 2) Menos de un segundo después del Big Bang posiblemente se crearon hoyos negros primordiales y otras cosas. https://phys.org/news/2025-11-big-particle-interactions-black-holes.html https://www.sissa.it/news/within-second-after-big-bang-birth-first-black-holes-boson-stars-and-cannibal-stars https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.18948  

Hubble's new 2.5 billion pixel image reveals Andromeda in unprecedented detail.In this video, we explore our closest neighbouring galaxy, Andromeda. Created from 10 years of observations by the Hubble Telescope, the latest mosaic image unveils 200 million stars in glorious resolution. We're zooming into the details and picking apart the clues with a fine-tooth comb. From star formation to galactic collisions, what does the new image reveal about Andromeda's violent past… and its terrifying future?▀▀▀▀▀▀Get NordVPN 2Y plan + 4 months extra ➼ https://nordvpn.com/astrum. It's risk-free with Nord's 30-day money-back guarantee!▀▀▀▀▀▀Astrum's newsletter has launched! Want to know what's happening in space? Sign up here: ⁠https://astrumspace.kit.com⁠A huge thanks to our Patreons who help make these videos possible. Sign-up here: ⁠https://bit.ly/4aiJZNF

(00:00:00) Decelerating Cosmos and Solar Secrets: Unravelling Dark Energy and the Sun's Magnetic Dance (00:00:45) More confirmation that the Universe's expansion is slowing (00:08:53) First glimpse of the Sun's polar magnetic field in motion (00:14:09) Space Weather events ramping up (00:18:24) The Science Report (00:20:29) Alex on Tech NEO the humanoid housekeeper In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore significant revelations about the universe's expansion, the Sun's magnetic field, and the current surge in solar weather activity.The Universe's Expansion Rate is SlowingA new study has confirmed that the universe's rate of expansion, which began after the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago, is slowing down. This finding contradicts previous theories suggesting that the expansion was accelerating due to dark energy. We delve into the implications of this research, which indicates that dark energy may be evolving more rapidly than previously understood, potentially marking a paradigm shift in cosmology. The episode discusses various scenarios for the universe's future, including the Big Crunch, Steady State theory, Big Freeze, and Big Rip, and how these new observations could reshape our understanding of cosmic fate.First Glimpse of the Sun's Polar Magnetic FieldAstronomers have captured their first detailed view of the Sun's polar magnetic field in motion, revealing unexpected rapid movements. The Solar Orbiter spacecraft has provided insights into the Sun's magnetic activity, which follows an 11-year cycle. This segment highlights the significance of the findings, which enhance our understanding of solar dynamics and the implications for space weather.Current Surge in Space Weather EventsAs the Sun reaches solar maximum, astronomers are observing increased solar storm activity, including multiple X-class and M-class solar flares. This segment discusses the effects of coronal mass ejections on Earth, including spectacular auroras and potential disruptions to technology and power grids. We explore the science behind solar flares and their impact on our planet, providing a comprehensive overview of current space weather conditions.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com✍️ Episode ReferencesMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical SocietyAstrophysical Journal LettersNature GeoscienceJournal of the American Medical AssociationBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

Edwin Hubble gets the credit for discovering that the universe is expanding. But that finding was made possible by work done by Vesto Slipher. He was the first to measure the motions of distant galaxies – the key to Hubble’s discovery. Slipher was born 150 years ago today, in Mulberry, Indiana. He worked on the family farm, and developed an interest in astronomy. A college professor helped him get a job as an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Arizona, where he worked for the next five decades. Slipher studied what were called “spiral nebulae.” It wasn’t certain whether these pinwheels were motes of matter in the Milky Way, or “island universes” of stars outside the Milky Way. Slipher used a technique that splits an object’s light into its individual wavelengths. The object’s motion shifts those wavelengths. Objects that are moving away from us are shifted to longer, redder wavelengths. Slipher found that most of the spirals were moving away from us in a hurry. He suggested the objects were far outside the Milky Way. But he couldn’t prove it because he had no way to measure the distances. Hubble did measure the distances, proving that the spirals are separate galaxies. He then combined Slipher’s observations with his own to show that the farther a galaxy, the faster it was moving. Later, astronomers concluded that the universe is expanding – a finding made possible in large part by Vesto Slipher. Script by Damond Benningfield

Blue Origin's Launch Scrubbed: Blue Origin faced a major setback as their second New Glenn rocket launch, carrying NASA's Escapade spacecraft to Mars, was scrubbed due to bad weather, minor equipment issues, and an unexpected cruise ship entering the restricted flight path. The new launch date is set for November 12, with high hopes for a successful mission.Discovery of TOI2267: Astronomers have confirmed a groundbreaking exoplanet system, TOI2267, located 72 light years away in a binary star system. This marks the first time planets have been found transiting both stars, challenging existing models of planet formation and suggesting that rocky planets might be more common in such systems.Innovative Space Food: The European Space Agency is testing a new powdered protein called solane, produced from microbes and astronaut urine, to create a sustainable food source for long-duration space missions. This innovative approach aims to recycle waste into nourishment, ensuring self-sufficiency on future explorations.First Detailed Image of a Star: Astronomers have captured the first detailed image of an individual star outside the Milky Way, a red supergiant named whog64 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The star's unusual dust cocoon challenges existing models of stellar evolution and raises new questions about massive stars' behavior.Weather on Venus: A new study has modeled the weather on Venus, revealing slow winds that can lift dust due to the planet's dense atmosphere. This finding has significant implications for future landers, as dust storms could pose a threat to missions like NASA's Da Vinci.For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic, TikTok, and our new Instagram account! Don't forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna and Avery signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and exploring the wonders of our universe.✍️ Episode ReferencesBlue Origin Launch Update[Blue Origin](https://www.blueorigin.com/)TOI2267 Discovery[NASA](https://www.nasa.gov/)Solane Space Food Project[European Space Agency](https://www.esa.int/)First Image of whog64[European Southern Observatory](https://www.eso.org/)Venus Weather Study[Nature Astronomy](https://www.nature.com/natastronomy/)Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-space-news-updates--5648921/support.Sponsor Details:Ensure your online privacy by using NordVPN. To get our special listener deal and save a lot of money, visit www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. You'll be glad you did!Sponsor Details:Ensure your online privacy by using NordVPN. To get our special listener deal and save a lot of money, visit www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. You'll be glad you did!Become a supporter of Astronomy Daily by joining our Supporters Club. Commercial free episodes daily are only a click way... Click HereThis episode includes AI-generated content.

The Hubble tension problem is breaking cosmology. Cosmology is in crisis. Scientists have argued for decades about how and why the universe is expanding. Now, after careful measurements using multiple methods, the main two don't add up. What do we do when our measurements of the universe don't match up with our models? Are all of our theories wrong?▀▀▀▀▀▀If you love learning about science as much as I do, head to http://brilliant.org/astrum to start for free. You'll also receive 20% off a premium annual subscription, giving you unlimited access to everything on Brilliant. ▀▀▀▀▀▀Astrum's newsletter has launched! Want to know what's happening in space? Sign up here: ⁠https://astrumspace.kit.com⁠A huge thanks to our Patreons who help make these videos possible. Sign-up here: ⁠https://bit.ly/4aiJZNF

WhoBarry Owens, General Manager of Treetops, MichiganRecorded onJune 13, 2025About TreetopsClick here for a mountain stats overviewOwned by: Treetops Acquisition Company LLCLocated in: Gaylord, MichiganYear founded: 1954Pass affiliations: Indy Pass, Indy+ Pass – 2 daysClosest neighboring ski areas: Otsego (:07), Boyne Mountain (:34), Hanson Hills (:39), Shanty Creek (:51), The Highlands (:58), Nub's Nob (1:00)Base elevation: 1,110 feetSummit elevation: 1,333 feetVertical drop: 223 feetSkiable acres: 80Average annual snowfall: 140 inchesTrail count: 25 (30% beginner, 40% intermediate, 30% advanced)Lift count: 5 (3 triples, 2 carpets – view Lift Blog's inventory of Treetops' lift fleet)Why I interviewed himThe first 10 ski areas I ever skied, in order, were:* Mott Mountain, Michigan* Apple Mountain, Michigan* Snow Snake, Michigan* Caberfae, Michigan* Crystal Mountain, Michigan* Nub's Nob, Michigan* Skyline, Michigan* Treetops, Michigan* Sugar Loaf, Michigan* Shanty Creek – Schuss Mountain, MichiganAnd here are the first 10 ski areas I ever skied that are still open, with anything that didn't make it crossed out:* Mott Mountain, Michigan* Apple Mountain, Michigan* Snow Snake, Michigan* Caberfae, Michigan* Crystal Mountain, Michigan* Nub's Nob, Michigan* Skyline, Michigan* Treetops, Michigan* Sugar Loaf, Michigan* Shanty Creek – Schuss Mountain, Michigan* Shanty Creek – Summit, Michigan* Boyne Mountain, Michigan* Searchmont, Ontario* Nebraski, Nebraska* Copper Mountain, Colorado* Keystone, ColoradoSix of my first 16. Poof. That's a failure rate of 37.5 percent. I'm no statistician, but I'd categorize that as “not good.”Now, there's some nuance to this list. I skied all of these between 1992 and 1995. Most had faded officially or functionally by 2000, around the time that America's Great Ski Area Die-Off concluded (Summit lasted until around Covid, and could still re-open, resort officials tell me). Their causes of death are varied, some combination, usually, of incompetence, indifference, and failure to adapt. To climate change, yes, but more of the cultural kind of adaptation than the environmental sort.The first dozen ski areas on this list are tightly bunched, geographically, in the upper half of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. They draw from the same general population centers and suffer from the same stunted Midwest verticals. None are naturally or automatically great ski areas. None are or were particularly remote or tricky to access, and most sit alongside or near a major state or federal highway. And they (mostly) all benefit from the same Lake Michigan lake-effect snow machine, the output of which appears to be increasing as the Great Lakes freeze more slowly and less often (cold air flowing over warm water = lake-effect snow).Had you presented this list of a dozen Michigan ski areas to me in 1995 and said, “five of these will drop dead in the next 30 years,” I would not have chosen those five, necessarily, to fail. These weren't ropetow backwaters. All but Apple had chairlifts (and they soon installed one), and most sat close to cities or were attached to a larger resort. Sugar Loaf, in particular, was one of Michigan's better ski areas, with five chairlifts and the largest in-state vertical drop on this list.My guess for most-likely-to-die probably would have been Treetops, especially if you'd told me that then-private Otsego ski area, right next door and with twice its neighbor's skiable acreage, vertical drop, and number of chairlifts, would eventually open to the public. Especially if you'd told me that Boyne Mountain, the monster down the road, would continue to expand its lodging and village, and would add a Treetops-sized cluster of greens to its ferocious ridge of blacks. Especially if you'd told me that Treetops' trail footprint, never substantial, would remain more or less the same size 30 years later. In fact, just about every surviving Michigan ski area on that list - Crystal, Nub's, Caberfae, Shanty Schuss - greatly expanded its terrain footprint. Except Treetops.But here we are, in the future, and I just skied Treetops 10 months ago with my 8-year-old son. It was, in some ways, more or less as I'd left it on my last visit, in 1995: small vert, small trail network, a slightly confusing parking situation, no chairlift restraint bars. A few improvements were obvious: the beginner ropetows had made way for a carpet, the last double chair had been upgraded to a triple, terrain park features dotted the east side, and a dozen or so glades and short steep shots had been hacked from the woods of the legacy trail footprint.That's all nice. But what was not obvious to me was this: why, and how, does Treetops the ski area still exist? Sugar Loaf was a better ski area. Apple Mountain was closer to large population centers. Summit was attached to ski-in-ski-out accommodations and shared a lift ticket with the larger Schuss mountain a couple miles away. Was modern Treetops some sort of money-losing ski area hobby horse for whomever owned the larger resort, which is better known for its five golf courses? Was it just an amenity to keep the second homeowners who mostly lived in Southeast Michigan invested year-round? Had the ski area cemented itself as the kind of high-volume schoolkids training ground that explained the resilience of ski areas in metro Detroit, Minneapolis, and Milwaukee?There is never, or rarely, one easy or obvious explanation for why similar businesses thrive or fail. This is why I resist pinning the numerical decline in America's ski area inventory solely to climate change. We may have fewer ski areas in America than we had in 1995, but we have a lot more good ski areas now than we did 30 years ago (and, as I wrote in March, a lot more overall ski terrain). Yes, Skyline, 40 minutes south of Treetops, failed because it never installed snowmaking, but that is only part of the sentence. Skyline failed because it never installed snowmaking while its competitors aggressively expanded and continually updated their snowmaking systems, raising the floor on the minimal ski experience acceptable to consumers. That takes us back to culture. What do you reckon has changed more over the past 30 to 40 years: America's weather patterns, or its culture? For anyone who remembers ashtrays at McDonald's or who rode in the bed of a pickup truck from Michigan to Illinois or who ran feral and unsupervised outdoors from toddlerhood or who somehow fumbled through this vast world without the internet or a Pet Rectangle or their evil offspring social media, the answer seems obvious. The weather feels a little different. Our culture feels airlifted from another planet. Americans accepted things 30 years ago that would seem outrageous today – like smoking adjacent to a children's play area ornamented with a demented smiling clown. But this applies to skiing as well. My Treetops day in 1995 was memorably horrible, the snow groomed but fossilized, unturnable. A few weeks earlier, I'd skied Skyline on perhaps a three-inch base, grass poking through the trails. Modern skiers, armed with the internet and its Hubble connection to every ski area on the planet, would not accept either set of conditions today. But one of those ski areas adapted and the other did not. That's the “why” of Treetops survival. It was the “how” that I needed Barry Owens to help me understand.What we talked aboutLast winter's ice storm – “it provides great insight into human character when you go through that stuff”; record snowfall (204 inches!) to chase the worst winter ever; the Lake Michigan snowbelt; a golf resort with a ski area attached; building a ski culture when “we didn't have enough people dedicated to ski… and it showed”; competing with nearby ski areas many times Treetops' size “we don't shy away from… who we are and what we are”; what happened when next-door-neighbor Otsego Resort switched from a private to a public model in 2017 – “neither one of us is going to get rich seeing who can get the most $15 lift tickets on a Wednesday”; I attempt to talk about golf and why Michigan is a golf mecca; moving on from something you've spent decades building; Treetops' rough financial period and why Owens initially turned down the GM job; how Owens convinced ownership not to close the ski area; fixing a “can't-do staff” by “doing things that created the freedom to be able to act”; Treetops' strange 2014 bankruptcy and rebuilding from there; “right now we're happy” with the lift fleet; how much it would cost to retrofit Treetops' lifts with restraint bars; timeline for potential ski expansion at Treetops; bargain season passes (as low as $125); and Indy Pass' network power.What I got wrong* I said “Gaylord County,” but the city of Gaylord is in Otsego County.* I said that Boyne Resorts, operator of 11 ski areas, also runs “10 or 11 golf resorts.” The company operates 14 golf courses.* I said that Michigan had a “very good” road network and that there was “not a lot of traffic,” and if you live there, you're reaction is probably, “you're dumb.” What I meant by “very good road network” is this: compared to most ski regions, which have, um, mountains, Michigan's bumplets sit more or less directly alongside the state's straight, flat, almost perfectly gridded highway network. Also, the “not a lot of traffic” thing does not apply to special situations like, say, northbound I-75 on a July Friday evening.* I said that Crystal, Nub's, Caberfae, and Shanty Creek were “close” – while they're not necessarily all close to one another, they are all roughly equidistant for folks coming to them from downstate.* I said that Treetops was “the fifth or sixth place I ever skied at,” but upon further review, it was number eight (which is reflected in the list above).Podcast NotesOn the ice stormAn ice storm hammered Northern Michigan in late March of this year:On the lightning strike on Treetops' golf courseOn the Midwest's terrible 2023-24 ski seasonSkier visits cratered in the Midwest during the 2023-24 ski season, the region's worst on record from a snowfall point of view. Weather - and skier visits - settled back into normal ranges last winter:This is a bit hard to see with any sort of precision, but this 10-year chart gives a nice sense of just how abnormal 2023-24 was for the Midwest:On Michigan's ski areasMichigan is home to 44 active ski areas - more than any state other than New York. Many of them are quite small, operate sporadically, and run only surface lifts, but Treetops is close to a bunch of the better lift-served outfits, including Boyne Mountain, Nub's Nob, and The Highlands (the UP ski areas may as well be in another state). It helps Treetops that so many of the state's ski areas have also joined Indy Pass:On Otsego ResortFor decades - I'm not certain how long, exactly - Otsego Resort, right next door to Treetops and with roughly double the vertical drop and skiable acreage, was private. In 2017, the bump opened to the public, considerably amping up competition. Complicating the matter further, Otsego sits a bit closer to Michigan's Main Street - I-75 - than Treetops.On Snow OperatingOwens mentioned working with “TBL” – he was referring to Terrain Based Learning, Snow Partners' learn-to-ski program. That company also runs the Snow Cloud operating system that Owens refers to at the end.On Treetops' rough period I quoted this Detroit Business News article at length in the interview. It goes deep on Treetops' precarious early 2000s history and the resort's broken employee culture at the time.On people being nice at ski areasYeah I'm super into this:On the hedgehog conceptOwens mentions “the hedgehog concept,” which I wasn't familiar with. It sounded like a business-book thing, and it is, adapted by author Jim Collins for his book Good to Great and described in this way on his website:The Hedgehog Concept is developed in the book Good to Great. A simple, crystalline concept that flows from deep understanding about the intersection of three circles: 1) what you are deeply passionate about, 2) what you can be the best in the world at, and 3) what best drives your economic or resource engine. Transformations from good to great come about by a series of good decisions made consistently with a Hedgehog Concept, supremely well executed, accumulating one upon another, over a long period of time.More:On safety-bar requirements in New York and New EnglandThis is kind of funny…That's my 8-year-old son, who's skied in a dozen states, taking his first ride on a lift with no safety bar, at Treetops last December. Why such machines still exist in 2025, I have no idea - this lift rises about 30 feet off the ground. In the East, all chairlifts are equipped with bars, and state law mandates their use in New York, Massachusetts, and Vermont (and perhaps elsewhere). I don't advocate for rider mandates, but I do think all chairlifts ought to have bars available for those who want them. Owens and I discuss the resort's plans to retrofit Treetops' three chairlifts - CTEC machines installed between 1984 and 1995 - with bars. The cost would be roughly $250,000. That's a significant number, but probably a lot less than the figure if, say, someone has a heart attack or seizure on the lift, falls off, then sues the resort. Besides, as Owens points out, chairlifts must be equipped with restraint bars for summer use, which would open new revenue streams. Why are bars required for summer activities, but not winter? It's a strange anachronism, unique among the ski world to America.On “Joe from SMI”I mentioned “Joe from SMI” offhand. I was referring to SMI Snowmakers President Joe VanderKelen, who appeared on the podcast back in 2022:On potential expansion Owens discusses a potential expansion looker's left of Chair 1, which would restore lost terrain and built upon that. This 1988 trailmap shows a couple of the trails that Treetops eliminated to make way for its current top-to-bottom access road (trails 1 through 4):The Storm explores the world of lift-served skiing year-round. Join us. Get full access to The Storm Skiing Journal and Podcast at www.stormskiing.com/subscribe

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Hubble bubble, Donny's causing trouble. Pete appears to have placed a curse on Virgil van Dijk. Today, he warns Jim that David Raya could be next.Marcus, Vish, Jim and Pete are here to review a weekend which included: The longest away day in English league football history, a 50-year-old becoming the first person to score in all ten divisions of the English football pyramid and the glorious return of the Scottish Cup.Please fill out Stak's listener survey! It'll help us learn more about the content you love so we can bring you even more - you'll also be entered into a competition to win one of five PlayStation 5's! Click here: https://bit.ly/staksurvey2025Sign up to the Football Ramble Patreon for ad-free shows for just $5 per month: https://www.patreon.com/footballramble.Find us on Bluesky, X, Instagram, TikTok and YouTube, and email us here: show@footballramble.com.***Please take the time to rate us on your podcast app. It means a great deal to the show and will make it easier for other potential listeners to find us. Thanks!*** Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

How does a star form? How does the universe form? And how can we use every bit of astronomical data to answer those questions? To find out, Dr. Charles Liu and co-host Allen Liu welcome astrostatistician Sabrina Berger, all the way from Melbourne, Australia, where she's currently pursuing her PhD. As always, though, we start off with the day's joyfully cool cosmic thing, the new radioastronomy photographs of Callisto, one of the moons of Jupiter, taken by ALMA. Sabrina talks about her own low-frequency radio astronomy research looking for hydrogen in the very early reionization period of the universe when the first galaxies were forming. (Be warned: we dive into the difficulties ionization poses for trying to discern these early processes, including a side trip into quantum mechanics, the hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen at 21cm depicted on the plaque attached to the Pioneer spacecraft, and even the Cosmic Background Radiation.) You'll also hear how Sabrina is innovatively using GPS satellites to help calibrate large radioastronomy telescope arrays. For our first student question, Derek asks, “I heard that black holes can form right after the Big Bang, before stars do. How is that possible?” Sabrina describes these primordial black holes, and, although none have been confirmed yet, that there have been a number of papers published recently on the subject. In fact, one paper suggesting that the as-yet-undiscovered “Planet 9” could even be one of these primordial black holes. And then, finally, we get to the subject of astrostatistics, Sabrina's area of expertise. She explains that it allows you to harness every piece of information that you're observing in astronomy and to answer questions like “How does a star form?” or “How does the universe form?” You'll hear about huge data sets, the use of artificial intelligence, field level inferences… and the MCMC, or the Markov chain Monte Carlo used in statistics. (If you don't know what that is, you're not alone, and our own resident mathematician Allen helps Sabrina untangle the complexity with a cotton ball analogy that blew Chuck and Sabrina's collective minds!) For our next student question, Wally asks, “Why is redshift one like nine billion years ago, bur redshift two only two billion years before that, and redshift three only one billion years before that?” As Chuck says, “that's a little complicated,” just before he, Allen and Sabrina proceed to explain how we measure universal expansion, the passage of time, and the “stretching” of light. Our next conversation is one of the most controversial we've ever had and revolves around who Sabrina thinks makes the best espresso, Australia, Italy or a “Third Wave Coffee Shop” like we have here in the US. You'll hear about why there's an ISSpresso machine on the ISS – and how the Italian Space Agency invented a way to make an espresso in zero-g! Plus, you'll hear a little about the work-life balance in Australia and how wonderful astronomy down under is. (Check out our Patreon for the story behind the Australian Aboriginal "Emu-in-the-sky" constellation.) If you'd like to know more about Sabrina, you can find her on Twitter and Blue Sky @sabrinastronomy or check out her research on her website. We hope you enjoy this episode of The LIUniverse, and, if you do, please support us on Patreon. Credits for Images Used in this Episode: An image of Jupiter's icy moon Callisto, photographed by NASA's Galileo spacecraft in 2001. – Credit: NASA/Galileo Photograph of Jupiter taken in 2019. The four fainter objects are four of its moons (left to right): Callisto, Ganymede, Io, and Europa. – Credit: Creative Commons / Rehman Abubakr ALMA images of Callisto – Credit: Maria Camarca et al 2025 Planet. Sci. J. 6 183. See the ALMA/Callisto paper: “A Multifrequency Global View of Callisto's Thermal Properties from ALMA”: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/ade7ee Timeline of the universe. – Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI The Pioneer plaques, attached to the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft. – Credit: NASA Sedna orbit with solar system (Sun, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto visible) and positions on Jan 1, 2017 – Credit: Creative Commons / Tom Ruen Redshift and universe expansion. As light travels from great distances to Hubble's mirrors, it is stretched to longer and longer red wavelengths, or cosmologically redshifted, as the universe expands. – Credit: NASA, ESA, Leah Hustak (STScI) The ISSpresso machine on the International Space Station.– Credit: NASA Astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti drinking espresso out of the cup on ISS, 2015 – Credit: NASA #liuniverse #charlesliu #allenliu #sciencepodcast #astronomypodcast #sabrinaberger #astrostatistician #astrostatistics #redshift #blackholes #primordialblackholes #callisto #alma #planet9 #sedna #universeexpansion #isspresso

From Aug 31, 2020. Join us today as we examine observations for dual quasars in the process of merging and a star being torn apart by its supermassive black hole. Plus, Hubble data used to map a halo around the Andromeda galaxy.   We've added a new way to donate to 365 Days of Astronomy to support editing, hosting, and production costs.  Just visit: https://www.patreon.com/365DaysOfAstronomy and donate as much as you can! Share the podcast with your friends and send the Patreon link to them too!  Every bit helps! Thank you! ------------------------------------ Do go visit http://www.redbubble.com/people/CosmoQuestX/shop for cool Astronomy Cast and CosmoQuest t-shirts, coffee mugs and other awesomeness! http://cosmoquest.org/Donate This show is made possible through your donations.  Thank you! (Haven't donated? It's not too late! Just click!) ------------------------------------ The 365 Days of Astronomy Podcast is produced by the Planetary Science Institute. http://www.psi.edu Visit us on the web at 365DaysOfAstronomy.org or email us at info@365DaysOfAstronomy.org.

HEADLINE: Solving the Mystery of Bright Red Dots in the Early Universe GUEST NAME: Dr. Joel LejaSUMMARY: John Batchelor interviews Dr. Joel Leja about "little red dots"—extremely bright, mysteriously common objects discovered in the early universe by the James Webb Space Telescope. These enigmatic red dots appear to be early supermassive black holes, possibly tens of millions of solar masses, revealed by intensely hot gas swirling at tremendous velocities around them. Their unexpected abundance and size so close to the universe's beginning poses a fundamental challenge to current theories of cosmic evolution and black hole formation. The discovery suggests that supermassive black holes formed much earlier and more rapidly than previously thought possible, requiring astronomers to reconsider models of how the first galaxies and their central black holes emerged from the primordial darkness. Dr. Leja explains that while the JWST data strongly indicates these are black holes based on spectroscopic signatures, the mechanism that allowed such massive objects to form so quickly after the Big Bang remains one of astronomy's most perplexing new mysteries. The research highlights how advanced telescopes continue to overturn established assumptions about the early universe's structure and evolution. HUBBLE

Pack your cosmic suitcase. This week on Planetary Radio, host Sarah Al-Ahmed is joined by Mark McCaughrean, astronomer, science communicator, and former Senior Advisor for Science & Exploration at the European Space Agency, to talk about his new book, “111 Places in Space That You Must Not Miss.” Part of the popular “111 Places” travel series, the book transforms the guidebook format into a tour across the Solar System and beyond, from Apollo landing sites on the Moon to Europa’s hidden oceans, and even the afterglow of the Big Bang. Mark shares highlights from the book, stories from his career on missions like Hubble, Rosetta, and the James Webb Space Telescope, and reflections on how science and imagination come together to inspire exploration. And in this week’s What’s Up, Planetary Society Chief Scientist Bruce Betts joins Sarah to talk about his brand-new children’s books, “The Size of Space” and “Are We Alone?,” part of our growing series with Lerner Publishing Group. Discover more at: https://www.planetary.org/planetary-radio/2025-111-places-in-spaceSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.