Podcasts about ARPANET

Il 14 gennaio 2026, il traffico Telnet globale è crollato del 65% in un'ora. Nessun annuncio, nessun comunicato. Qualcuno ha staccato la spina al primo protocollo applicativo di ARPANET, la rete che poi è diventata internet, e l'ha fatto 6 giorni prima che il mondo sapesse perché.In questo episodio: la storia di Telnet dal 1969, come funziona davvero il protocollo (dalla RFC 854), il bug rimasto nascosto 11 anni, e il mistero del crollo coordinato.Fonti e approfondimenti:- GreyNoise Grimoire: https://www.labs.greynoise.io/grimoire/2026-02-10-telnet-falls-silent/- GreyNoise "f Around and Find Out": https://www.labs.greynoise.io/grimoire/2026-01-22-f-around-and-find-out-18-hours-of-unsolicited-houseguests/- RFC 854: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc854- The Register: https://www.theregister.com/2026/01/22/root_telnet_bug/- The Hacker News: https://thehackernews.com/2026/01/critical-gnu-inetutils-telnetd-flaw.html- TXOne Networks: https://www.txone.com/blog/cve-2026-24061-gnu-inetutils-telnet-exploitation/- Dark Reading: https://www.darkreading.com/threat-intelligence/asia-fumbles-telnet-threat-trafficLa mia app: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.edodusi.coderoutine&hl=it-it00:00 Intro01:31 Cos'è Telnet e come funziona il protocollo06:18 Il bug che dormiva da 11 anni11:32 Il giorno in cui Telnet è morto19:26 Outro#telnet #security #arpanet #protocolli #greynoise

Teknoloji gerçekten garajda mı doğdu, yoksa savaş sanayinin gölgesinde mi büyüdü? Spekülatif'in bu bölümünde Emre Dündar, Silikon Vadisi efsanesini, DARPA fonlarını, ARPANET'in doğuşunu ve teknoloji devlerinin devlet–askeri ekosistemle ilişkisini inceliyor. Dündar, internetin askeri kökenlerinden SpaceX ve Starlink'in savaş stratejilerindeki rolüne, Elon Musk'tan Soğuk Savaş teknolojilerine kadar çarpıcı bağlantılar ortaya koyuyor. “Garajdan çıkan dahi” anlatısının arkasındaki finans, güç ve ekosistem gerçeğini konuşuyor. Bu yayın izleyiciye; teknoloji tarihi, savunma sanayi, yapay zekâ, Silikon Vadisi ve küresel güç ilişkileri üzerine eleştirel bir analiz sunuyor. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

How did a Cold War-era research project transform into the global digital infrastructure we use today? This video dives deep into the archives to trace the evolution of the Internet, beginning with the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) in 1969.We explore the groundbreaking theories of packet switching developed by Paul Baran and Donald Davies, which allowed data to travel independently across a distributed network rather than relying on a vulnerable central hub. You'll learn about the first node-to-node message sent from UCLA to SRI—the succinct and prophetic "LO"—which famously crashed the system before the full word "LOGIN" could be completed.Key Milestones Covered:• The Transition to TCP/IP: Why January 1, 1983, is considered the "Flag Day" and official birthday of the modern Internet.• The Rise of NSFNET: How the National Science Foundation stepped in to provide a high-speed backbone for academic research, connecting supercomputing centers across the U.S.• The World Wide Web: The revolutionary impact of Tim Berners-Lee at CERN and the release of the Mosaic browser, which brought a graphical interface to the general public.• The Privatization Era: A look at the controversial 1995 decommissioning of the NSFNET backbone and the handoff of control to private commercial providers.We also analyze the implications of privatization, including the emergence of a concentrated backbone industry, the lack of "must-carry" regulations, and the lost opportunity for the government to bake security and societal values into the Internet's fundamental design.Featured Pioneers: Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn (Co-creators of TCP/IP), J.C.R. Licklider (The Visionary), Larry Roberts (ARPANET Leader), and Jon Postel (The Internet's Editor).Sources referenced in this video: This deep dive draws directly from historical reports, research papers from ResearchGate, DARPA and NSF archives, and the collaborative work of Internet Hall of Fame inductees.#InternetHistory #ARPANET #NSFNET #TCPIP #WebHistory #ComputerScience #TechDocumentary

In this special documentary episode, Patrick Gray and Amberleigh Jack take a historical dive into hacking in the 1980s. Through the words of those that were there, they discuss life on the ARPANET, the 414s hacking group, the Morris Worm, the vibe inside the NSA and a parallel hunt for German hackers happening at a similar time to Cliff Stoll's famous Cuckoo's Egg story. This podcast features the memories of: Jon Callas, former principal software engineer at Digital Equipment Corporation Mark Rasch, Morris Worm prosecutor Timothy Winslow, former 414 hacker Greg Chartrand, author of Cracking the Cuckoos Egg and Tony Sager, former NSA How the World Got Owned is produced in partnership with SentinelOne. Show notes 1988 Federal sentencing guidelines manual Computer Intruder is put on probation and fined $10,000 | The New York Times Computer Intruder is found guilty | The New York Times United States of America, Appellee, v. Robert Tappan Morris, Defendant-appellant, 928 F.2d 504 (2d Cir. 1991) The Cuckoo's Egg: Tracking a Spy Through the Maze of Computer Espionage | Clifford Stoll Cracking the Cuckoo's Egg: The Untold Story of tracking and finding Karl Koch aka Hagbard of the Chaos Computer Club | Greg Chartrand Computer Buffs Tapped NASA Files | The New York Times Young Computer Bandits Byte off More than They Could Chew | The Washington Post ‘Hacker' is used by Mainstream Media, September 5, 1983 | EDN Neal Patrick to testify before congressional committee Wargames official trailer, 1983 CBS News Segment on Robert Morris Computer Hacker The Fall of the Berlin Wall | Sky News I Hacked a Nuclear Facility in the 1980's. You're Welcome | CNN

https://youtu.be/05Gr2y9cGsU See the free preview on my new YouTube (like, sub, bell)On today's episode of the Occult Symbolism and Pop Culture with Isaac Weishaupt podcast we break down Stranger Things Season 5! It was an occult initiation ritual from Netflix and I've decoded it! Join me as we explore and unpack the themes you may have missed: Kabbalah's shattered vessels, Eleven's alchemical great work, the Abyss of Da'ath, MKULTRA, hive minds, saturnian time collapse and the Qlippoth god of chaos Vecna! We'll get into complex territories of Kenneth Grant's Tunnels of Set (and how it relates to Will's coming out scene), ARPANet cosmic consciousness and parallel dimensions!Join any of the supporter feeds to unlock this January BONUS episode only for supporters! Tier 2 on Patreon.com/IlluminatiWatcher and VIP Section will unlock the video version (*which is packed full of useful images)! See the free preview on my new YouTube (like, sub, bell): https://youtu.be/05Gr2y9cGsULINKS:Stranger Things September S1-S4 https://www.illuminatiwatcher.com/stranger-things-september-special-announcementShow sponsors- Get discounts while you support the show and do a little self improvement!*CopyMyCrypto.com/Isaac is where you can copy James McMahon's crypto holdings- listeners get access for just $1 WANT MORE?... Check out my UNCENSORED show with my wife, Breaking Social Norms: https://breakingsocialnorms.com/GRIFTER ALLEY- get bonus content AND go commercial free + other perks:*PATREON.com/IlluminatiWatcher : ad free, HUNDREDS of bonus shows, early access AND TWO OF MY BOOKS! (The Dark Path and Kubrick's Code); you can join the conversations with hundreds of other show supporters here: Patreon.com/IlluminatiWatcher (*Patreon is also NOW enabled to connect with Spotify! https://rb.gy/hcq13)*VIP SECTION: Due to the threat of censorship, I set up a Patreon-type system through MY OWN website! IIt's even setup the same: FREE ebooks, Kubrick's Code video! Sign up at: https://illuminatiwatcher.com/members-section/*APPLE PREMIUM: If you're on the Apple Podcasts app- just click the Premium button and you're in! NO more ads, Early Access, EVERY BONUS EPISODE More from Isaac- links and special offers:*BREAKING SOCIAL NORMS podcast, Index of EVERY episode (back to 2014), Signed paperbacks, shirts, & other merch, Substack, YouTube links, appearances & more: https://allmylinks.com/isaacw *STATEMENT: This show is full of Isaac's useless opinions and presented for entertainment purposes. Audio clips used in Fair Use and taken from YouTube videos.

Privacy-Serie Teil 6: In dieser Episode werfen wir einen Blick hinter die Kulissen des Internets: Wie funktioniert es technisch? Was sind ISPs, IPs und DNS? Und vor allem – welche Risiken für unsere Privatsphäre lauern auf dem Weg ins Netz? Wir erzählen die Geschichte vom ARPANET bis zur Glasfaser, hören Originaltöne von Bill Gates und Senator Ted Stevens und erklären verständlich, wie VPNs, Tor und DNS-Verschlüsselung helfen können, auch im WWW Privatsphäre zu wahren. Dazu gibt's ein Gespräch mit einem alten Nodesignal-Bekannten – Cerca! Von Cerca erfahren wir, wie wir selbstbestimmt online gehen können.Von und mit: - Chris - CercatrovaProduziert und geschnitten: ChrisHier könnt ihr uns eine Spende über Lightning da lassen: ⚡️nodesignal@getalby.comNeben dem Podcast findet ihr uns auch auf YouTubeFür Feedback und weitergehenden Diskussionen kommt gerne in die Telegramgruppe von Nodesignal und bewertet uns bei Spotify und Apple Podcasts, das hilft uns sehr. Folgt uns auch gerne bei Nostr:npub1n0devk3h2l3rx6vmt24a3lz4hsxp7j8rn3x44jkx6daj7j8jzc0q2u02cy und Twitter.Blockzeit: 928298Cerca auf Nostr: npub1nxzp3zn90r44z07aeajc7wyah4fju49c9d3g45mxvmm64rmnrdusffch7mSRF - Die Cookie Falle Nodesignal-Talk - E204 - Hey Calso, why privacy matters!Nodesignal-Talk - E211 - Mobiltelefon mag Metadaten(1) mit Max HillebrandNodesignal-Talk – E215 – DAS MEGA-META-DATEN-RABBIT-HOLENodesignal-Talk - E222 - GrapheneOS mit JohannesNodesignal-Talk - E250 - Privacy 5 - Linux im GymInternet Society – A Brief History of the InternetKompakter Überblick zur technischen und sozialen Entwicklung des Internets seit den 1960ern.A Brief History of the InternetYouTube: Bill Gates erklärt 1995 das Internet bei LettermanLegendäres Talkshow-Interview – Gates beschreibt das Internet, Publikum reagiert skeptisch.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUs7iG1mNjIWikipedia – “Series of tubes” (Ted Stevens, 2006)Ursprung und Folgen der berühmten „Röhren“-Analogie aus dem US-Senat.Series of tubes - WikipediaCloudflare Lernzentrum – Wie funktioniert das Internet?Übersicht über Routing, DNS, Backbone, Protokolle, IP und mehr.How does the Internet work? | CloudflareMullvad Blog: Hausdurchsuchung 2023 – Keine Nutzerdaten vorhandenReale Prüfung des No-Logs-Versprechens.https://mullvad.net/en/blog/2023/5/3/mullvad-vpn-was-subjected-to-a-search-warrant/Tor Project – Offizielle Einführung und technische ErklärungFunktionsweise, Onion-Routing, Sicherheit, Anwendungsbereiche.About TorMozilla: Was ist DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH)?Technische Einführung zur verschlüsselten DNS-Auflösung im Browser.https://support.mozilla.org/de/kb/dns-ueber-https-doVerivox – Geschichte der Internet-Flatrate in DeutschlandEntwicklung von Minutenabrechnung über Volumentarife bis zur Flatrate.https://www.verivox.de/themen/internet/internet-flatrate/Bundesnetzagentur – Netzneutralität und VerkehrsmanagementAktuelle rechtliche Lage und Diskussion in Deutschland und der EU.https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Netzneutralitaet/netzneutralitaet-node.htmlMusik - alle Songs sind Royalty Free – Danke für den guten Sound!!!Aaron Kenny - The curious kitten Emmit Fenn - AloneYung Logos - Mysterious Strange Things Qincas Moreira - Bunny Hop pATCHES - Consciousness Rabbit True Cuckoo - This is Not a dolphinJohn Patitucci - On the DeltaThe Soundlings - Moving in the shadows John Patitucci - Spaghetti EasternTimestamps:(00:00:00) Intro(00:00:22) Intro Internet(00:04:50) Die Geschichte des Internets(00:09:08) Wie funktioniert das Internet?(00:12:42) Angriffspunkte für Überwachung und Tracking(00:18:15) Alternative Zugänge zum Internet(00:19:11) Tools für mehr Privatsphäre(00:27:10) Zusammenfassung Intro & Start Interview mit Cerca(00:30:04) Cerca, wie funktioniert das Internet?(00:34:11) Wie gläsern macht uns der Internetanbieter(00:36:38) Wie sicher sind VPNs?(00:40:29) OPNsens(00:42:34) DNS?(00:51:50) TOR Browser und Onion Routing(00:58:07) Wo nutze ich VPN und wo TOR?(01:01:13) Firewall(01:06:22) Was ist der alltagstaugliche Mittelweg?(01:21:46) Wie steht es um die Regulierung in der CH?(01:26:18) Danke an Cerca und Focus on the ...

professorjrod@gmail.comIn this episode of Technology Tap: CompTIA Study Guide, we explore the fascinating evolution of technology from the launch of Sputnik in 1957 to the ubiquitous smartphones of today. Discover how early innovations like ARPANET laid the groundwork for the internet, shaping the landscape of technology education and IT skills development. Whether you're part of a study group preparing for your CompTIA exam or seeking expert IT certification tips, this episode provides valuable insights into the origins of the digital world and how it influences modern tech exam prep. Join us as we connect the dots between history and today's technology challenges to help you succeed in your IT certification journey.We start with Licklider's prophetic vision and the leap from circuit switching to packet switching that made failure-tolerant networks possible. Email gives the net its first social heartbeat. TCP/IP stitches islands into one internet. Tim Berners-Lee's simple stack—HTML, HTTP, URLs—opens the door for everyone. The home dial-up era arrives, and the browser becomes the interface of daily curiosity. Mosaic and Netscape ignite innovation; Microsoft's bundling forces a reckoning; Mozilla and later Chrome reshape standards and speed for the modern era.The dot‑com bubble teaches hard lessons, but Google's PageRank reframes the problem: organize the world's information with relevance, not clutter. Broadband and Wi‑Fi make the net always on, enabling streaming, online gaming, and richer apps. Napster breaks open music, litigation clamps down, and then paid streaming wins on convenience. Social networks shift the center of gravity from pages to people; YouTube turns everyone into a publisher and archivist. E‑commerce perfects logistics, and smartphones put it all in your hand. The cloud becomes the engine behind Netflix, Uber, TikTok, and the systems that silently scale our daily tools.We confront the dark side, too: ransomware, botnets, data breaches, and insecure IoT devices that expand the attack surface. Algorithms now shape what we see and believe, while fiber backbones and 5G push speed and density to new highs. AI becomes the thinking layer of the internet, interpreting, recommending, and generating content at scale. A rising push for decentralization—blockchains, IPFS, self-sovereign identity—seeks to return control to users and reduce dependence on gatekeepers. Where does it all go from here? From ambient computing to satellite constellations and new interfaces, the net may soon fade into the background—omnipresent and invisible.If you enjoyed this deep dive, follow the show, share it with a friend who loves tech history, and leave a quick review so more curious listeners can find us. Your support helps us keep exploring the stories that built our digital world.Support the showArt By Sarah/DesmondMusic by Joakim KarudLittle chacha ProductionsJuan Rodriguez can be reached atTikTok @ProfessorJrodProfessorJRod@gmail.com@Prof_JRodInstagram ProfessorJRod

Famously, we trace the Internet to ARPANET, a research network built for the US defense agency DARPA. But in the 1960s and 70s, ARPANET was just one of several computer networks operating around the world. And while it had users and cool technical innovations, it was a research tool. And it wasn't growing particularly fast. How did that turn into the capital-I Internet? We can blame - in part - Japanese supercomputers. In today's video, we explore the Japanese peril that brought us the Internet.

Famously, we trace the Internet to ARPANET, a research network built for the US defense agency DARPA. But in the 1960s and 70s, ARPANET was just one of several computer networks operating around the world. And while it had users and cool technical innovations, it was a research tool. And it wasn't growing particularly fast. How did that turn into the capital-I Internet? We can blame - in part - Japanese supercomputers. In today's video, we explore the Japanese peril that brought us the Internet.

It's time to dive into the history of Gmail... but it didn't start with Google at all... In fact, it started very differently... Purrfectly, some might say. On this episode we discuss the strange phenomenon of Garfield Mail, the original Gmail. Then we pitch some ideas for making email better, reminisce about products from Google's past, get into movies in the MouthGarf Report, and play a rousing game of I See What You Did There.Sources:https://gizmodo.com/the-original-gmail-was-garfield-mail-1822970617https://historyandmystery.org/interesting-history/the-first-gmail-was-associated-with-garfield-the-cat/https://www.cracked.com/article_28656_4-wtf-tales-from-early-days-internet.htmlPlease give us a 5 star rating on Apple Podcasts! Want to ask us a question? Talk to us! Email debutbuddies@gmail.comListen to the archives of Kelly and Chelsea's awesome horror movie podcast, Never Show the Monster.Get some sci-fi from Spaceboy Books.Get down with Michael J. O'Connor and the Cold Family and check out his new compilation The Best of the Bad Years 2005 - 2025Next time: First Presidential Convention in Arkansas 

On this episode of Christopher Lochhead: Follow Your Different, we sit down with business thinker Joe Pine, the legendary co-author of "The Experience Economy," for an in-depth conversation about building a career around unique ideas. Joe Pine shares insights from his early days as a self-described nerd at IBM to his role in shaping the field of mass customization and ultimately designing a business that made him stand out as a category of one. The discussion moves fluidly from personal transformation to the sweeping changes he helped pioneer in business, and what it means to thrive as a creator capitalist in today's rapidly changing world. You're listening to Christopher Lochhead: Follow Your Different. We are the real dialogue podcast for people with a different mind. So get your mind in a different place, and hey ho, let's go.   Finding a Different Path: From Palo Alto to Publishing with Harvard Joe Pine's journey began in Palo Alto during the era of the Arpanet, with technology in his blood and a passion for applied mathematics. Pine joined IBM in 1980, at its peak as arguably the most desirable company for ambitious technologists. Despite a technical start, he found himself increasingly drawn to management, strategy, and the world of business ideas. His trajectory changed dramatically when IBM sent him to MIT for a master's in the management of technology. There, Pine encountered Stan Davis's concept of "mass customization" and felt a lightning bolt of inspiration. Deciding to turn his MIT thesis into a book, Pine landed a contract with Harvard Business School Press. The credential of publishing with Harvard, he notes, was a powerful stamp of intellectual rigor. As he recalls, “Harvard puts its stamp on it, says this is intellectually rigorous. This is a good book. This ought to be out in the world, and we want to publish it.”   Joe Pine on Leaping from Employee to Icon, and Creating the Experience Economy With his first book in hand, Pine found himself at a crossroads. The culture at IBM was changing, and a timely severance package offered him a financial cushion to take a risk. Encouraged by thought leaders he admired, he struck out on his own. Initially, IBM remained his primary client, but Pine quickly built a reputation for leading-edge thinking and collaborating with other luminaries like Don Peppers and Jim Gilmore. The launch of "The Experience Economy" marked a turning point, not just for Pine, but for the business landscape itself. He didn't merely spot a trend or invent a new buzzword; he named and framed a fundamental shift in the economy's fabric. “We didn't identify a fad, but a fundamental change in the fabric of the economy. And if it is a change in the economy, then it is always going to go like that, right? Until something surpasses it and it starts to go down as happened with commodities and goods and services.” The central idea that businesses must stage memorable experiences to remain relevant only grew more compelling over time, with Pine's frameworks gaining more relevance as the digital age accelerated.   Transformation and Identity in the Age of AI As the episode moves to the present, Pine discusses how transformation, both personal and organizational, is ultimately about changing identity. He credits much of his own success to an ability to recognize patterns and develop frameworks to describe and prescribe changes in business. Pine's recent work, including his Substack and newest book, explores not just customer experience but transformation itself, emphasizing that “all transformation is identity change.” The conversation turns to AI and the breaking waves of change it represents for businesses today, paralleling Pine's earlier identification of evolving economic eras. He sees transformation as most successful when companies or individuals are willing to fundamentally shift who they are, not just what they do. “The identity issues there are paramount because who you think you are often stops you from being able to do these things because it would change who you are so much.” Joe Pine believes that in the new world shaped by AI, those who can shed old identities and truly reinvent themselves—much as he did when he left IBM—will be the ones to define the next era. The lesson for aspiring creator capitalists is clear: the greatest value comes not only from unique ideas but also from the courage to turn those ideas into new identities, new categories, and new realities. To hear more from Joe Pine and how he built a business with his Intellectual Capital, download and listen to this episode.    Bio Joe Pine is a renowned author, speaker, and management advisor best known as the co-author of The Experience Economy, a groundbreaking book that reshaped how businesses create value. His work introduced the concept that companies must orchestrate memorable experiences to remain competitive in an evolving marketplace. With deep expertise in innovation and customer experience design, Joe helps organizations around the world architect differentiated experiences that drive growth and loyalty. He has worked with leading global brands across industries from retail and hospitality to healthcare and technology. Joe is also a sought-after keynote speaker and co-founder of Strategic Horizons LLP. His insights continue to influence leaders seeking to transform the way they engage customers.   Links Connect with Joe Pine! LinkedIn | Strategic Horizons   We hope you enjoyed this episode of Christopher Lochhead: Follow Your Different™! Christopher loves hearing from his listeners. Feel free to email him, connect on Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), Instagram, and subscribe on Apple Podcast / Spotify!

Miguel Ángel González Suárez te presenta el Informativo de Primera Hora en 'El Remate', el programa matinal de La Diez Capital Radio que arranca tu día con: Las noticias más relevantes de Canarias, España y el mundo, analizadas con rigor y claridad. Miguel Ángel González Suárez te presenta el Informativo de Primera Hora en 'El Remate', el programa matinal de La Diez Capital Radio que arranca tu día con: Las noticias más relevantes de Canarias, España y el mundo, analizadas con rigor y claridad. Un día como hoy hace dos años se forma el nuevo Gobierno de Pedro Sánchez. Y hoy hace dos años: Ángel Víctor Torres, nuevo ministro de Política Territorial y Memoria Democrática. Hoy hace 365 días: Las eléctricas se libran de las multas por los ‘ceros energéticos’ El Gobierno de Canarias anuncia que tendrá que devolver más de 50 millones abonados por sanciones desde 2018 al caducar su plazo durante el procedimiento de cobro. Hoy se cumplen 1.378 días del cruel ataque e invasión de Rusia a Ucrania. 3 años y 268 días. Hoy es viernes 21 de noviembre de 2025. Día Mundial de la Televisión. El 21 de noviembre es el Día Mundial de la Televisión, una efeméride impulsada por la ONU desde el año 1996 y que busca propiciar el uso responsable de la televisión como uno de los principales canales de difusión de información pública. Aunque para las generaciones actuales, se puede pensar que Internet es el medio de difusión más importante, lo cierto es que la web ha ofrecido a la televisión nuevas herramientas y recursos que, más que desplazarla, la han potenciado, como por ejemplo las difusiones en directo y el acceso a contenidos audiovisuales desde cualquier lugar y desde cualquier dispositivo. Actualmente la televisión es el medio de comunicación por excelencia, ya que permite transmitir en vivo sucesos, acontecimientos y trabajos humanitarios realizados por la ONU y las organizaciones asociadas a ella. 1877: En Nueva York (Estados Unidos), Thomas Edison anuncia la creación del fonógrafo, instrumento para grabar y reproducir sonidos. 1916: En el mar Egeo ―en el marco de la Primera Guerra Mundial― se hunde el Britannic (buque hermano del Titanic) tras hacer estallar una mina marina. Mueren 29 personas. 21 de noviembre de 1969: Se establece en Estados Unidos el primer enlace de la red ARPANET (antecesora de la actual Internet), entre dos computadoras, ubicadas en la UCLA (Universidad de California en Los Ángeles) y la Universidad Stanford. 1995.- Acuerdo de Dayton (EEUU) para los Balcanes: los presidentes de Serbia, Slobodan Milosevic; Croacia, Franjo Tudjman, y Bosnia, Alia Izetbegovic, firman un acuerdo marco de paz que pone fin a una guerra de cuatro años. 2000: La Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre de España hace los últimos billetes en pesetas. Santos Honorio, Rufo, Esteban y Celso. La UE exige su inclusión en el plan de paz ruso-estadounidense para poner fin a la guerra en Ucrania ¿En qué lugar de la Unión Europea hay más paro de larga duración? El Supremo condena al fiscal general por revelación de datos con una inhabilitación de dos años y una multa de 7.200 euros. Feijóo pide la dimisión de Sánchez tras la condena del fiscal general, que "se prestó a ser un peón de la estrategia política" El Gobierno muestra su "respeto" a la condena del Supremo al fiscal general del Estado pero "no la comparte" Libertad provisional para el presidente y el vicepresidente de la diputación de Almería y el alcalde de Fines. Coalición Canaria se quedaría sin su diputada, según la proyección de escaños a partir del CIS de noviembre. La subida de Vox amenaza al centro derecha regionalista estatal con unos resultados muy precarios, especialmente en la provincia de Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Clavijo no descarta acudir a los tribunales por la reforma de la financiación autonómica: “Si no nos queda más remedio, lo haremos” El presidente canario habla de "una recesión que va a ser bastante traumática para la población" Canarias bonificará hasta el 75% de los gastos de guardería de los autónomos. El vicepresidente regional Manuel Domínguez presenta el Plan Respaldo Autónomo con un paquete de medidas para "impulsar, proteger y acompañar" a este colectivo emprendedor. Bermúdez exige al resto de municipios que atiendan a sus personas sin hogar y que no las envíen a Santa Cruz. El alcalde chicharrero exige al Gobierno canario, durante las jornadas de puertas abiertas del albergue municipal, la puesta en marcha de una unidad móvil que atienda en la calle a los sintecho con problemas mentales. El tráfico en los puertos de Las Palmas crece un 16% y aumentan un 40,6% los cruceros. El tráfico total crece un 16%, impulsado por el aumento del tránsito de mercancías, con un 25,9%; el movimiento de contenedores, que sube un 15,6%; y las toneladas de tráfico Ro-Ro, que aumentan un 14,1%. Un 21 de noviembre de 2014.- La tonadillera Isabel Pantoja, condenada a dos años de prisión por blanqueo de capitales, ingresa en la cárcel sevillana de Alcalá de Guadaira para cumplir su pena. Isabel Pantoja - Así fue - Su mejor concierto en directo - México 2013.

professorjrod@gmail.comWhat if the world's hard drives merged into one invisible place—and you used it a hundred times today without thinking? We pull back the curtain on cloud storage, tracing its unlikely path from room-sized machines and punch cards to AWS's game-changing S3, Dropbox's frictionless sync, and the moment Netflix stopped shipping envelopes and started streaming the future. Along the way, we unpack why storage got so cheap, how reliability reached “eleven nines,” and where the hidden risks still live.We start with J.C.R. Licklider's radical idea—computing as a utility—and follow the thread through ARPANET, early hosting, and the price freefall that turned terabytes into pocket change. Then we shift from enterprise to everyday life: the folder that follows you everywhere, photos that back up before you can worry, and classrooms that collaborate across continents. But convenience has a cost, and we tackle it head on: infamous breaches, painful outages, and the reality that all clouds are built on real servers, power grids, and people. You'll hear how modern security—encryption by default, MFA, redundancy—raised the bar, and why good hygiene still starts with you.The story crescendos with Netflix's bold pivot: betting on bandwidth, partnering with AWS for storage and compute, and building Open Connect to put content near viewers. That playbook—rent the core, own the edge—reshaped entertainment and proved what elastic infrastructure makes possible. We also confront the environmental bill for our “infinite” drive: data centers' energy appetite, the race to renewables, and why the next leap must be cleaner, not just faster and cheaper. Finally, we look ahead to decentralized storage, edge computing, and AI-guided data management—and face the paradox of abundance: when everything can be saved, deletion becomes a superpower.If this journey sharpened how you think about the files you trust to the sky, share it with a friend, hit follow, and leave a quick review. Tell us: what do you trust the cloud with—and what will you delete today?Inspiring Tech Leaders - The Technology PodcastInterviews with Tech Leaders and insights on the latest emerging technology trends.Listen on: Apple Podcasts SpotifySupport the showArt By Sarah/DesmondMusic by Joakim KarudLittle chacha ProductionsJuan Rodriguez can be reached atTikTok @ProfessorJrodProfessorJRod@gmail.com@Prof_JRodInstagram ProfessorJRod

My fellow pro-growth/progress/abundance Up Wingers,For most of history, stagnation — not growth — was the rule. To explain why prosperity so often stalls, economist Carl Benedikt Frey offers a sweeping tour through a millennium of innovation and upheaval, showing how societies either harness — or are undone by — waves of technological change. His message is sobering: an AI revolution is no guarantee of a new age of progress.Today on Faster, Please! — The Podcast, I talk with Frey about why societies midjudge their trajectory and what it takes to reignite lasting growth.Frey is a professor of AI and Work at the Oxford Internet Institute and a fellow of Mansfield College, University of Oxford. He is the director of the Future of Work Programme and Oxford Martin Citi Fellow at the Oxford Martin School.He is the author of several books, including the brand new one, How Progress Ends: Technology, Innovation, and the Fate of Nations.In This Episode* The end of progress? (1:28)* A history of Chinese innovation (8:26)* Global competitive intensity (11:41)* Competitive problems in the US (15:50)* Lagging European progress (22:19)* AI & labor (25:46)Below is a lightly edited transcript of our conversation. The end of progress? (1:28). . . once you exploit a technology, the processes that aid that run into diminishing returns, you have a lot of incumbents, you have some vested interests around established technologies, and you need something new to revive growth.Pethokoukis: Since 2020, we've seen the emergence of generative AI, mRNA vaccines, reusable rockets that have returned America to space, we're seeing this ongoing nuclear renaissance including advanced technologies, maybe even fusion, geothermal, the expansion of solar — there seems to be a lot cooking. Is worrying about the end of progress a bit too preemptive?Frey: Well in a way, it's always a bit too preemptive to worry about the future: You don't know what's going to come. But let me put it this way: If you had told me back in 1995 — and if I was a little bit older then — that computers and the internet would lead to a decade streak of productivity growth and then peter out, I would probably have thought you nuts because it's hard to think about anything that is more consequential. Computers have essentially given people the world's store of knowledge basically in their pockets. The internet has enabled us to connect inventors and scientists around the world. There are few tools that aided the research process more. There should hardly be any technology that has done more to boost scientific discovery, and yet we don't see it.We don't see it in the aggregate productivity statistics, so that petered out after a decade. Research productivity is in decline. Measures of breakthrough innovation is in decline. So it's always good to be optimistic, I guess, and I agree with you that, when you say AI and when you read about many of the things that are happening now, it's very, very exciting, but I remain somewhat skeptical that we are actually going to see that leading to a huge revival of economic growth.I would just be surprised if we don't see any upsurge at all, to be clear, but we do have global productivity stagnation right now. It's not just Europe, it's not just Britain. The US is not doing too well either over the past two decades or so. China's productivity is probably in the negative territory or stagnant, by more optimistic measures, and so we're having a growth problem.If tech progress were inevitable, why have predictions from the '90s, and certainly earlier decades like the '50s and '60s, about transformative breakthroughs and really fast economic growth by now, consistently failed to materialize? How does your thesis account for why those visions of rapid growth and progress have fallen short?I'm not sure if my thesis explains why those expectations didn't materialize, but I'm hopeful that I do provide some framework for thinking about why we've often seen historically rapid growth spurts followed by stagnation and even decline. The story I'm telling is not rocket science, exactly. It's basically built on the simple intuitions that once you exploit a technology, the processes that aid that run into diminishing returns, you have a lot of incumbents, you have some vested interests around established technologies, and you need something new to revive growth.So for example, the Soviet Union actually did reasonably well in terms of economic growth. A lot of it, or most of it, was centered on heavy industry, I should say. So people didn't necessarily see the benefits in their pockets, but the economy grew rapidly for about four decades or so, then growth petered out, and eventually it collapsed. So for exploiting mass-production technologies, the Soviet system worked reasonably well. Soviet bureaucrats could hold factory managers accountable by benchmarking performance across factories.But that became much harder when something new was needed because when something is new, what's the benchmark? How do you benchmark against that? And more broadly, when something is new, you need to explore, and you need to explore often different technological trajectories. So in the Soviet system, if you were an aircraft engineer and you wanted to develop your prototype, you could go to the red arm and ask for funding. If they turned you down, you maybe had two or three other options. If they turned you down, your idea would die with you.Conversely, in the US back in '99, Bessemer Venture declined to invest in Google, which seemed like a bad idea with the benefit of hindsight, but it also illustrates that Google was no safe bet at the time. Yahoo and Alta Vista we're dominating search. You need somebody to invest in order to know if something is going to catch on, and in a more decentralized system, you can have more people taking different bets and you can explore more technological trajectories. That is one of the reasons why the US ended up leading the computer revolutions to which Soviet contributions were basically none.Going back to your question, why didn't those dreams materialize? I think we've made it harder to explore. Part of the reason is protective regulation. Part of the reason is lobbying by incumbents. Part of the reason is, I think, a revolving door between institutions like the US patent office and incumbents where we see in the data that examiners tend to grant large firms some patents that are of low quality and then get lucrative jobs at those places. That's creating barriers to entry. That's not good for new startups and inventors entering the marketplace. I think that is one of the reasons that we haven't seen some of those dreams materialize.A history of Chinese innovation (8:26)So while Chinese bureaucracy enabled scale, Chinese bureaucracy did not really permit much in terms of decentralized exploration, which European fragmentation aided . . .I wonder if your analysis of pre-industrial China, if there's any lessons you can draw about modern China as far as the way in which bad governance can undermine innovation and progress?Pre-industrial China has a long history. China was the technology leader during the Song and Tang dynasties. It had a meritocratic civil service. It was building infrastructure on scales that were unimaginable in Europe at the time, and yet it didn't have an industrial revolution. So while Chinese bureaucracy enabled scale, Chinese bureaucracy did not really permit much in terms of decentralized exploration, which European fragmentation aided, and because there was lots of social status attached to becoming a bureaucrat and passing the civil service examination, if Galileo was born in China, he would probably become a bureaucrat rather than a scientist, and I think that's part of the reason too.But China mostly did well when the state was strong rather than weak. A strong state was underpinned by intensive political competition, and once China had unified and there were fewer peer competitors, you see that the center begins to fade. They struggle to tax local elites in order to keep the peace. People begin to erect monopolies in their local markets and collide with guilds to protect production and their crafts from competition.So during the Qing dynasty, China begins to decline, whereas we see the opposite happening in Europe. European fragmentation aids exploration and innovation, but it doesn't necessarily aid scaling, and so that is something that Europe needs to come to terms with at a later stage when the industrial revolution starts to take off. And even before that, market integration played an important role in terms of undermining the guilds in Europe, and so part of the reason why the guilds persist longer in China is the distance is so much longer between cities and so the guilds are less exposed to competition. In the end, Europe ends up overtaking China, in large part because vested interests are undercut by governments, but also because of investments in things that spur market integration.Global competitive intensity (11:41)Back in the 2000s, people predicted that China would become more like the United States, now it looks like the United States is becoming more like China.This is a great McKinsey kind of way of looking at the world: The notion that what drives innovation is sort of maximum competitive intensity. You were talking about the competitive intensity in both Europe and in China when it was not so centralized. You were talking about the competitive intensity of a fragmented Europe.Do you think that the current level of competitive intensity between the United States and China —and I really wish I could add Europe in there. Plenty of white papers, I know, have been written about Europe's competitive state and its in innovativeness, and I hope those white papers are helpful and someone reads them, but it seems to be that the real competition is between United States and China.Do you not think that that competitive intensity will sort of keep those countries progressing despite any of the barriers that might pop up and that you've already mentioned a little bit? Isn't that a more powerful tailwind than any of the headwinds that you've mentioned?It could be, I think, if people learn the right lessons from history, at least that's a key argument of the book. Right now, what I'm seeing is the United States moving more towards protectionist with protective tariffs. Right now, what I see is a move towards, we could even say crony capitalism with tariff exemptions that some larger firms that are better-connected to the president are able to navigate, but certainly not challengers. You're seeing the United States embracing things like golden shares in Intel, and perhaps even extending that to a range of companies. Back in the 2000s, people predicted that China would become more like the United States, now it looks like the United States is becoming more like China.And China today is having similar problems and on, I would argue, an even greater scale. Growth used to be the key objective in China, and so for local governments, provincial governments competing on such targets, it was fairly easy to benchmark and measure and hold provincial governors accountable, and they would be promoted inside the Communist Party based on meeting growth targets. Now, we have prioritized common prosperity, more national security-oriented concerns.And so in China, most progress has been driven by private firms and foreign-invested firms. State-owned enterprise has generally been a drag on innovation and productivity. What you're seeing, though, as China is shifting more towards political objectives, it's harder to mobilize private enterprise, where the yard sticks are market share and profitability, for political goals. That means that China is increasingly relying more again on state-owned enterprises, which, again, have been a drag on innovation.So, in principle, I agree with you that historically you did see Russian defeat to Napoleon leading to this Stein-Hardenberg Reforms, and the abolishment of Gilded restrictions, and a more competitive marketplace for both goods and ideas. You saw that Russian losses in the Crimean War led to the of abolition of serfdom, and so there are many times in history where defeat, in particular, led to striking reforms, but right now, the competition itself doesn't seem to lead to the kinds of reforms I would've hoped to see in response.Competitive problems in the US (15:50)I think what antitrust does is, at the very least, it provides a tool that means that businesses are thinking twice before engaging in anti-competitive behavior.I certainly wrote enough pieces and talked to enough people over the past decade who have been worried about competition in the United States, and the story went something like this: that you had these big tech companies — Google, and Meta, Facebook and Microsoft — that these were companies were what they would call “forever companies,” that they had such dominance in their core businesses, and they were throwing off so much cash that these were unbeatable companies, and this was going to be bad for America. People who made that argument just could not imagine how any other companies could threaten their dominance. And yet, at the time, I pointed out that it seemed to me that these companies were constantly in fear that they were one technological advance from being in trouble.And then lo and behold, that's exactly what happened. And while in AI, certainly, Google's super important, and Meta Facebook are super important, so are OpenAI, and so is Anthropic, and there are other companies.So the point here, after my little soliloquy, is can we overstate these problems, at least in the United States, when it seems like it is still possible to create a new technology that breaks the apparent stranglehold of these incumbents? Google search does not look quite as solid a business as it did in 2022.Can we overstate the competitive problems of the United States, or is what you're saying more forward-looking, that perhaps we overstated the competitive problems in the past, but now, due to these tariffs, and executives having to travel to the White House and give the president gifts, that that creates a stage for the kind of competitive problems that we should really worry about?I'm very happy to support the notion that technological changes can lead to unpredictable outcomes that incumbents may struggle to predict and respond to. Even if they predict it, they struggle to act upon it because doing so often undermines the existing business model.So if you take Google, where the transformer was actually conceived, the seven people behind it, I think, have since left the company. One of the reasons that they probably didn't launch anything like ChatGPT was probably for the fear of cannibalizing search. So I think the most important mechanisms for dislodging incumbents are dramatic shifts in technology.None of the legacy media companies ended up leading social media. None of the legacy retailers ended up leading e-commerce. None of the automobile leaders are leading in EVs. None of the bicycle companies, which all went into automobile, so many of them, ended up leading. So there is a pattern there.At the same time, I think you do have to worry that there are anti-competitive practices going on that makes it harder, and that are costly. The revolving door between the USPTO and companies is one example of that. We also have a reasonable amount of evidence on killer acquisitions whereby firms buy up a competitor just to shut it down. Those things are happening. I think you need to have tools that allow you to combat that, and I think more broadly, the United States has a long history of fairly vigorous antitrust policy. I think it'd be a hard pressed to suggest that that has been a tremendous drag on American business or American dynamism. So if you don't think, for example, that American antitrust policy has contributed to innovation and dynamism, at the very least, you can't really say either that it's been a huge drag on it.In Japan, for example, in its postwar history, antitrust was extremely lax. In the United States, it was very vigorous, and it was very vigorous throughout the computer revolution as well, which it wasn't at all in Japan. If you take the lawsuit against IBM, for example, you can debate this. To what extent did it force it to unbundle hardware and software, and would Microsoft been the company it is today without that? I think AT&T, it's both the breakup and it's deregulation, as well, but I think by basically all accounts, that was a good idea, particularly at the time when the National Science Foundation released ARPANET into the world.I think what antitrust does is, at the very least, it provides a tool that means that businesses are thinking twice before engaging in anti-competitive behavior. There's always a risk of antitrust being heavily politicized, and that's always been a bad idea, but at the same time, I think having tools on the books that allows you to check monopolies and steer their investments more towards the innovation rather than anti-competitive practices, I think is, broadly speaking, a good thing. I think in the European Union, you often hear that competition policy is a drag on productivity. I think it's the least of Europe's problem.Lagging European progress (22:19)If you take the postwar period, at least Europe catches up in most key industries, and actually lead in some of them. . . but doesn't do the same in digital. The question in my mind is: Why is that?Let's talk about Europe as we sort of finish up. We don't have to write How Progress Ends, it seems like progress has ended, so maybe we want to think about how progress restarts, and is the problem in Europe, is it institutions or is it the revealed preference of Europeans, that they're getting what they want? That they don't value progress and dynamism, that it is a cultural preference that is manifested in institutions? And if that's the case — you can tell me if that's not the case, I kind of feel like it might be the case — how do you restart progress in Europe since it seems to have already ended?The most puzzling thing to me is not that Europe is less dynamic than the United States — that's not very puzzling at all — but that it hasn't even managed to catch up in digital. If you take the postwar period, at least Europe catches up in most key industries, and actually lead in some of them. So in a way, take automobiles, electrical machinery, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, nobody would say that Europe is behind in those industries, or at least not for long. Europe has very robust catchup growth in the post-war period, but doesn't do the same in digital. The question in my mind is: Why is that?I think part of the reason is that the returns to innovation, the returns to scaling in Europe are relatively muted by a fragmented market in services, in particular. The IMF estimates that if you take all trade barriers on services inside the European Union and you add them up, it's something like 110 percent tariffs. Trump Liberation Day tariffs, essentially, imposed within European Union. That means that European firms in digital and in services don't have a harmonized market to scale into, the way the United States and China has. I think that's by far the biggest reason.On top of that, there are well-intentioned regulations like the GDPR that, by any account, has been a drag on innovation, and particularly been harmful for startups, whereas larger firms that find it easier to manage compliance costs have essentially managed to offset those costs by capturing a larger share of the market. I think the AI Act is going in the same direction there, ad so you have more hurdles, you have greater costs of innovating because of those regulatory barriers. And then the return to innovation is more capped by having a smaller, fragmented market.I don't think that culture or European lust for leisure rather than work is the key reason. I think there's some of that, but if you look at the most dynamic places in Europe, it tends to be the Scandinavian countries and, being from Sweden myself, I can tell you that most people you will encounter there are not workaholics.AI & labor (25:46)I think AI at the moment has a real resilience problem. It's very good that things where there's a lot of precedent, it doesn't do very well where precedence is thin.As I finish up, let me ask you: Like a lot of economists who think about technology, you've thought about how AI will affect jobs — given what we've seen in the past few years, would it be your guess that, if we were to look at the labor force participation rates of the United States and other rich countries 10 years from now, that we will look at those employment numbers and think, “Wow, we can really see the impact of AI on those numbers”? Will it be extraordinarily evident, or would it be not as much?Unless there's very significant progress in AI, I don't think so. I think AI at the moment has a real resilience problem. It's very good that things where there's a lot of precedent, it doesn't do very well where precedence is thin. So in most activities where the world is changing, and the world is changing every day, you can't really rely on AI to reliably do work for you.An example of that, most people know of AlphaGo beating the world champion back in 2016. Few people will know that, back in 2023, human amateurs, using standard laptops, exposing the best Go programs to new positions that they would not have encountered in training, actually beat the best Go programs quite easily. So even in a domain where basically the problem is solved, where we already achieved super-human intelligence, you cannot really know how well these tools perform when circumstances change, and I think that that's really a problem. So unless we solve that, I don't think it's going to have an impact that will mean that labor force participation is going to be significantly lower 10 years from now.That said, I do think it's going to have a very significant impact on white collar work, and people's income and sense of status. I think of generative AI, in particular, as a tool that reduces barriers to entry in professional services. I often compare it to what happened with Uber and taxi services. With the arrival of GPS technology, knowing the name of every street in New York City was no longer a particularly valuable skill, and then with a platform matching supply and demand, anybody could essentially get into their car who has a driver's license and top up their incomes on the side. As a result of that, incumbent drivers faced more competition, they took a pay cut of around 10 percent.Obviously, a key difference with professional services is that they're traded. So I think it's very likely that, as generative AI reduces the productivity differential between people in, let's say the US and the Philippines in financial modeling, in paralegal work, in accounting, in a host of professional services, more of those activities will shift abroad, and I think many knowledge workers that had envisioned prosperous careers may feel a sense of loss of status and income as a consequence, and I do think that's quite significant.On sale everywhere The Conservative Futurist: How To Create the Sci-Fi World We Were PromisedFaster, Please! is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit fasterplease.substack.com/subscribe

My guest today is Vinton G. Cerf, widely regarded as a “father of the Internet.” In the 1970s, Vint co-developed the TCP/IP protocols that define how data is formatted, transmitted, and received across devices. In essence, his work enabled networks to communicate, thus laying the foundation for the Internet as a unified global system. He has received honorary degrees and awards that include the National Medal of Technology, the Turing Award, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Marconi Prize, and membership in the National Academy of Engineering. He is currently Chief Internet Evangelist at Google.In this episode, Vint reflects on the Internet's path from ARPANET and TCP/IP to the scaling choices that made global connectivity possible. He explains why decentralization was key, and how fiber optics and data centers underwrote explosive growth. Vint also addresses today's policy anxieties (fragmentation, sovereignty walls, and fragile infrastructures…) before looking upward to the interplanetary Internet now linking spacecraft. Finally, we turn to AI: how LLMs are reshaping learning and software, and why the next leap may be systems that question us back. I hope you enjoy our discussion.You can follow me on X (@⁠ProfSchrepel⁠) and BlueSky (@⁠ProfSchrepel⁠).

Vint Cerf, widely recognized as one of the fathers of the Internet, is today’s special guest on Total Network Operations. He currently serves as Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist at Google. His pioneering work began back in the 1960’s when he was involved in the ARPANET project. Alongside Bob Kahn, Vint co-invented the TCP/IP... Read more »

Vint Cerf, widely recognized as one of the fathers of the Internet, is today’s special guest on Total Network Operations. He currently serves as Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist at Google. His pioneering work began back in the 1960’s when he was involved in the ARPANET project. Alongside Bob Kahn, Vint co-invented the TCP/IP... Read more »

Building things for people to use has been our guest’s goal since entering university in the 1960s. Total Network Operations is delighted to welcome Jack Haverty, who’s been instrumental in ARPANET operations and innovation, the development of TCP, and more. He takes us through the history of the internet from the early days of ARPANET,... Read more »

Building things for people to use has been our guest’s goal since entering university in the 1960s. Total Network Operations is delighted to welcome Jack Haverty, who’s been instrumental in ARPANET operations and innovation, the development of TCP, and more. He takes us through the history of the internet from the early days of ARPANET,... Read more »

Please enjoy this encore of Career Notes. Chief Executive Officer and Founder of TAG Cyber, Ed Amoroso, shares how he learned on the job and grew his career. In his words, Ed "went from my dad having an ARPANET connection and I'm learning Pascal, to Bell Labs, to CISO, to business, to quitting, to starting something new. And now I'm riding a new exponential up and it's a hell of a ride." Hear from Ed how he sees security as a side dish that you'll progress into naturally once you've paid your dues and mastered a skill like networking, software or databases. We thank Ed for sharing his story with us. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Please enjoy this encore of Career Notes. Chief Executive Officer and Founder of TAG Cyber, Ed Amoroso, shares how he learned on the job and grew his career. In his words, Ed "went from my dad having an ARPANET connection and I'm learning Pascal, to Bell Labs, to CISO, to business, to quitting, to starting something new. And now I'm riding a new exponential up and it's a hell of a ride." Hear from Ed how he sees security as a side dish that you'll progress into naturally once you've paid your dues and mastered a skill like networking, software or databases. We thank Ed for sharing his story with us. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

bookstores, bookstores used as fronts, the left and defense leagues, militias, the Magical Childe/Warlock Shoppe, Colonel Michael Aquino, roommates and their possible uses by the intelligence services, how the security services blackmail and coopt the LGBTQ community, the CIA'S history of LGBTQ blackmail, International (National) Republican Institute (IRI), the IRI's transgender sponsorship in Bangladesh, Marco Rubio, DARPA, Arpanet, counterinsurgency, Edward Lansdale, safe spaces and how there leveraged against people there supposed to protect, the housing crisis and how its leverage against the public, Signal, how Signal is actually damaging (and doesn't protect privacy from the security services), how security services encourage poor leadership and bad behavior in progressive organizations, Bay area Rationalist community, lessons that can be learned from Italian fascist trade organizations, depoliticalization, the use of mental illness to silence political debate, the American Communist Party (ACP) and it's purposeMore on the International Republican Institute's sponsorship of transgender rights in Bangladesh:https://thegrayzone.com/2025/02/07/republicans-transgender-dance-bangladesh/https://thegrayzone.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IRI-Bangladesh-Final-Report-1.pdfMusic by: Keith Allen Dennishttps://keithallendennis.bandcamp.com/Additional Music by: Double Veteranhttps://flnoise.bandcamp.com/album/double-veteran Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

On today's episode of the Occult Symbolism and Pop Culture with Isaac Weishaupt podcast I'll be posting a discussion I had with Josie Weishaupt on Breaking Social Norms recently because it sheds light on some MAJOR revelations that Dr Jacques Vallee may have been laying down in our interview! Here's what you're in for:You're listening to the “Breaking Social Norms” podcast with the Weishaupts! Get ready for some wild theorizing as we recap the Dr Jacques Vallée interview from Occult Symbolism and Pop Culture podcast: ARPANet, AI, Simulation Theory, Peter Levenda, Sex Magick, Rosicrucianism, J Allen Hynek, Jack Parsons, Collins Elite and the SATAN book! We'll decode some major connections of John Dee & Edward Kelley's wife swapping, Aleister Crowley's LAM, Parsons' Babalon Working, the Mojave Desert with some findings and research on James Shelby Downard's King Kill 33 and even Alchemical secrets of Prague!LINKS:Dr Jacques Vallée Interview: Occult UFOs, Alchemy, AI Evolution, J. Allen Hynek, Collins Elite & More! https://illuminatiwatcher.com/dr-jacques-vallee-interview-occult-ufos-alchemy-ai-evolution-j-allen-hynek-collins-elite-more/What is Alchemy: Alien Origins of Thoth, Emerald Tablets, Carl Jung, Synchromysticism & More! https://breakingsocialnorms.com/2024/06/17/what-is-alchemy-alien-origins-of-thoth-emerald-tablets-carl-jung-synchromysticism-more/ 6/19/24Jack Parsons Pt 1: Strange Angel, Crowley's Thelema, Occult Rituals & More! https://breakingsocialnorms.com/2023/05/23/jack-parsons-pt-1-strange-angel-crowleys-thelema-occult-rituals-more/ 5/23/23Twin Peaks GREY LODGE is now up on my Gumroad store! First several purchases get a FREE FEED LOSER shirt (*while supplies last)! https://isaacw.gumroad.com/l/greylodgeShow sponsors- Get discounts while you support the show and do a little self improvement!*CopyMyCrypto.com/Isaac is where you can copy James McMahon's crypto holdings- listeners get access for just $1 WANT MORE?... Check out my UNCENSORED show with my wife, Breaking Social Norms: https://breakingsocialnorms.com/GRIFTER ALLEY- get bonus content AND go commercial free + other perks:*PATREON.com/IlluminatiWatcher : ad free, HUNDREDS of bonus shows, early access AND TWO OF MY BOOKS! (The Dark Path and Kubrick's Code); you can join the conversations with hundreds of other show supporters here: Patreon.com/IlluminatiWatcher (*Patreon is also NOW enabled to connect with Spotify! https://rb.gy/hcq13)*VIP SECTION: Due to the threat of censorship, I set up a Patreon-type system through MY OWN website! IIt's even setup the same: FREE ebooks, Kubrick's Code video! Sign up at: https://illuminatiwatcher.com/members-section/*APPLE PREMIUM: If you're on the Apple Podcasts app- just click the Premium button and you're in! NO more ads, Early Access, EVERY BONUS EPISODE More from Isaac- links and special offers:*BREAKING SOCIAL NORMS podcast, Index of EVERY episode (back to 2014), Signed paperbacks, shirts, & other merch, Substack, YouTube links & more: https://allmylinks.com/isaacw *STATEMENT: This show is full of Isaac's useless opinions and presented for entertainment purposes. Audio clips used in Fair Use and taken from YouTube videos.  

Join the Supporters club: go ad-free, early access, bonus content: Patreon.com/BreakingSocialNorms OR subscribe on the Apple Podcasts app!Get ready for some wild theorizing as we recap the Dr Jacques Vallée interview from Occult Symbolism and Pop Culture podcast: ARPANet, AI, Simulation Theory, Peter Levenda, Sex Magick, Rosicrucianism, J Allen Hynek, Jack Parsons, Collins Elite and the SATAN book! We'll decode some major connections of John Dee & Edward Kelley's wife swapping, Aleister Crowley's LAM, Parsons' Babalon Working, the Mojave Desert with some findings and research on James Shelby Downard's King Kill 33 and even Alchemical secrets of Prague!  LINKS:  Dr Jacques Vallée Interview: Occult UFOs, Alchemy, AI Evolution, J. Allen Hynek, Collins Elite & More! https://illuminatiwatcher.com/dr-jacques-vallee-interview-occult-ufos-alchemy-ai-evolution-j-allen-hynek-collins-elite-more/What is Alchemy: Alien Origins of Thoth, Emerald Tablets, Carl Jung, Synchromysticism & More! https://breakingsocialnorms.com/2024/06/17/what-is-alchemy-alien-origins-of-thoth-emerald-tablets-carl-jung-synchromysticism-more/ 6/19/24Jack Parsons Pt 1: Strange Angel, Crowley's Thelema, Occult Rituals & More! https://breakingsocialnorms.com/2023/05/23/jack-parsons-pt-1-strange-angel-crowleys-thelema-occult-rituals-more/ 5/23/23You can now sign up for our commercial-free version of the show with a Patreon exclusive bonus show called “Morning Coffee w/ the Weishaupts” at Patreon.com/BreakingSocialNorms  OR subscribe on the Apple Podcasts app to get all the same bonus “Morning Coffee” episodes AD-FREE with early access! (*Patreon is also NOW enabled to connect with Spotify! https://rb.gy/r34zj)Want more?…Index of all previous episodes on free feed: https://breakingsocialnorms.com/2021/03/22/index-of-archived-episodes/Leave a review or rating wherever you listen and we'll see what you've got to say!Follow us on the socials:instagram.com/theweishaupts2/Amazon Affiliate shop (*still under construction) with our favorite hair, skin care and horny books: https://breakingsocialnorms.com/2024/08/24/amazon-shopping-list-josie-and-isaacs-list/Check out Isaac's conspiracy podcasts, merch, etc:AllMyLinks.com/IsaacWOccult Symbolism and Pop Culture (on all podcast platforms or IlluminatiWatcher.com)Isaac Weishaupt's book are all on Amazon and Audible; *author narrated audiobooks*STATEMENT: This show is full of Isaac's and Josie's useless opinions and presented for entertainment purposes. Audio clips used in Fair Use and taken from YouTube videos.

För trettio år sedan fick vanliga svenskar tillgång till internet, vilket lade grunden för ett kommunikationsskifte i klass med tryckpressens genombrott. Det tidiga internet präglades av frihet och en nyfiken upptäckarglädje på ett i huvudsak svenskt internet.Tio år senare kontrollerades de viktigaste internettjänsterna, såsom Google och Facebook, av en handfull män i Silicon Valley. Vårt informationsflöde styrdes av algoritmer präglade av amerikansk teknikdeterminism. När smarttelefonerna sedan slog igenom blev många människor algoritmernas slavar.I detta avsnitt av podden Historia Nu samtalar historikern och förläggaren Hugo Nordland med journalisten och författaren Urban Lindstedt om den svenska internethistorien. Lindstedt är aktuell med boken Framtidslöftet: Historien om hur internet förändrade Sverige.Sverige, som redan på 1950-talet byggde några av världens främsta datorer, var en bördig grogrund för den digitala revolutionen. När persondatorerna på 1980-talet började ersätta stordatorerna experimenterade svenska datavetare med anslutningar till det amerikanska Arpanet, som senare skulle utvecklas till internet.I början av 1990-talet präglades Sverige av förändring. Efter kalla krigets slut och Berlinmurens fall dominerade nyliberala idéer både globalt och i Sverige. Offentliga monopol avskaffades, marknader avreglerades och den tekniska utvecklingen öppnade dörrar för entreprenörer att utmana gamla strukturer. Telekomsektorn avreglerades 1993, vilket innebar slutet för Televerkets monopol och banade väg för framväxten av kommersiella internetleverantörer som Swipnet.Internet slog igenom i Sverige under denna period av nyliberalism och teknikoptimism. Svenskarna lockades av löftet om nya möjligheter för den vanliga människan att göra sin röst hörd. Företagen verkade på en friktionsfri marknad där förmögenhet tycktes vara inom räckhåll utan större ansträngning. Sverige gick från en medievärld där två statliga tv-kanaler försökte informera – och ibland tråka ut – befolkningen till ett kaos av underhållning och desinformation. Att handla i fysiska butiker ersattes av omedelbar digital tillfredsställelse, skärpt av algoritmer.Under 2000-talet skedde ett paradigmskifte. Amerikanska tjänster som Google och Facebook introducerades och fick snabbt genomslag även i Sverige. Google, med sin enkla och kraftfulla sökmotor, gjorde det möjligt att på några sekunder hitta information som tidigare krävde timmar av research. Facebook, som slog igenom globalt runt 2007, förändrade hur svenskar kommunicerade, skapade nätverk och delade sina liv online.Bild: Sveriges digitala revolution – från de första internetanslutningarna på 1990-talet till dagens algoritmstyrda informationsflöde. Teknikoptimism, avreglering och globala plattformar har format hur svenskar kommunicerar, handlar och tar del av nyheter. DreamHack Summer 2008. Av Possan. CC BY 2.0Musik; Button Masher. Av Amber Waldron. Storyblock Audio.Klippare: Emanuel Lehtonen Vill du stödja podden och samtidigt höra ännu mer av Historia Nu? Gå med i vårt gille genom att klicka här: https://plus.acast.com/s/historianu-med-urban-lindstedt. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Rich Kahn, Co-Founder and CEO of Anura, joins the podcast to share his journey from a high school tech enthusiast to a leading expert in digital ad fraud detection. With decades of experience in digital marketing, Rich has built and sold multiple companies, including an Inc. 5000 business, and was honored with the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award for Technology. Now, with Anura, he is on a mission to expose and eliminate fraud in digital advertising, helping businesses protect their ad spend and improve campaign performance.In this episode, you'll discover:From Early Internet Pioneer to Ad Fraud ExpertHow Rich's fascination with ARPANET and early online networks led him to launch innovative digital ventures, eventually culminating in Anura.The Hidden Cost of Ad FraudHow fraudsters—including organized crime syndicates—exploit programmatic advertising, costing businesses billions annually.How Anura Detects and Prevents FraudThe difference between general invalid traffic (GIVT) and sophisticated invalid traffic (SIVT), and why most fraud detection solutions fall short.The Real Impact on Brands and AgenciesWhy 25–50 percent of programmatic ad traffic is fraudulent and how companies unknowingly waste millions on non-human impressions.How to Protect Your Business from Ad FraudRich shares practical strategies for brands and agencies to detect fraud, optimize their ad spend, and demand accountability from ad platforms.Building a Resilient Business in Digital MarketingLessons from Rich's entrepreneurial journey, from bootstrapping businesses to navigating industry shifts and staying ahead of fraudsters.Rich's Top Tips for Businesses and MarketersDon't hire friends—business and personal relationships don't always mix.Always validate your marketing data—bad data leads to bad decisions.Set up a retained earnings account to fund growth opportunities without external capital.Connect with Rich and Learn MoreWebsite: AnuraLinkedIn: Rich Kahn

It’s history day on N Is For Networking! We learn about the development of IPv6 directly from Bob Hinden, one of the pioneers who made it happen. Bob discusses his journey from early work on ARPANET to his significant contributions to IPv6. We also cover the transition from IPv4, the challenges faced during IPv6’s creation,... Read more »

It’s history day on N Is For Networking! We learn about the development of IPv6 directly from Bob Hinden, one of the pioneers who made it happen. Bob discusses his journey from early work on ARPANET to his significant contributions to IPv6. We also cover the transition from IPv4, the challenges faced during IPv6’s creation,... Read more »

Vice Chairman of Parler and designer of the new Parler platform, Bryan Ferre joins the program to discuss the need for a paradigm change in how we live. We discuss the damaging role of Universal Income and discuss realistic alternatives. Along the way we entertain new ways of living and we share the true history of blockchain.Learn more about the opportunity to purchase a Parler Node at https://join.optio.community/6FQDhc

Your body's fat could predict Alzheimer's disease up to 20 years ahead of symptoms, plus a 74-year-old bird might be a mom again. And, on This Day in History, we look back at ARPANET and how it led us to the internet we know today. Hidden fat predicts Alzheimer's 20 years ahead of symptoms | ScienceDaily Wisdom, The World's Oldest Bird, Lays Egg At 74 Years Old After Finding New Mate | IFLScience Wisdom: World's oldest known wild bird lays egg at '74' | BBC Albatross - Description, Habitat, Image, Diet, and Interesting Facts | Animals Network ARPANET - Packet Data, Networking, Internet | Britannica A Brief History of the Internet | Stanford Contact the show - coolstuffcommute@gmail.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

GeneralDr. Richard Saunders is an academic librarian and former Dean of Library Services at SouthernUtah University. A graduate of Utah State University, he holds a library degree from BrighamYoung University and a PhD from the University of Memphis with an emphasis on the socialhistory of recent America, and is professionally accredited by the Academy of CertifiedArchivists. His professional work experience includes service at the Utah State HistoricalSociety, Montana State University, in the production side of commercial publishing, and at theUniversity of Tennessee at Martin. Though a professional librarian, he has conducted historicalresearch across the US and published widely, on Yellowstone literature, early Utah printing,Montana history, the work of historian Dale L. Morgan, Tennessee novelist Harry Kroll, and thecivil rights movement in the rural South during the 1950s and 60s.HistoryDr. Richard Saunders is an academic librarian and former Dean of Library Services at SouthernUtah University. A graduate of Utah State University, he holds graduate degrees in history fromUSU and the University of Memphis. His career in history has centered on preserving thesources of history as a Certified Archivist and special collections librarian, but he has alsoresearched, written, and published widely in historical topics including Yellowstone, theAmerican West, Mormons, American popular literature, and the US civil rights movement. Hisbiography of Utah native and historian of western America Dale L. Morgan was named a Finalistin 2024 for the Evans Biography Prize. He is currently at work on a study of post-war social andeconomic change in the rural South, focusing on several counties in West Tennessee.LibraryDr. Richard Saunders is the former Dean of Library Services at Southern Utah University andhas been an archivist and librarian since the days of typewriters and ARPAnet. He holds alibrary degree from Brigham Young University, one of the library-school casualties of the 1990s,a PhD in History from the University of Memphis, and has been a member of the Academy ofCertified Archivists since 1992. Since 1988 he has worked as an archivist or librarian at theUtah State Historical Society, Montana State University, University of Tennessee at Martin, andSouthern Utah University where he was dean from 2014 to 2018. Dr. Saunders currently servesas the editor of RBM, ACRL's journal of special collections librarianship.PrintingDr. Richard Saunders, academic librarian and former Dean of Library Services at Southern UtahUniversity, has been a student of printing, type, and publishing for over two decades. Informedby activity as an amateur handset printer and craft bookbinder, his scope of interest includesindustrial-scale papermaking, typography, printing, and both historical and descriptivebibliography. He worked professionally in the production side of commercial publishing in the1990s during the industry's transition from filmsetting to direct-to-plate technology. Dr.Saunders has guest-lectured to college students and the public in classes and at symposia atinstitutions including Brigham Young University and the University of Tennessee. Hisprofessional output includes Printing in Deseret: Mormons, Politics, Economics, and Utah'sIncunabula, 1849–1851 (Univ. of Utah Press, 2000), and Reams in the Desert: Papermaking inUtah, 1849–1893 (Legacy Press, 2021). These comments made as part of the podcast reflect the views of the episode participants only and should not be construed as official university statements.

Parler Creator, Bryan Ferre, Discusses Who Really Created Blockchain, ARPANET, and Our Reality - SarahWestall.com

GeneralDr. Richard Saunders is an academic librarian and former Dean of Library Services at SouthernUtah University. A graduate of Utah State University, he holds a library degree from BrighamYoung University and a PhD from the University of Memphis with an emphasis on the socialhistory of recent America, and is professionally accredited by the Academy of CertifiedArchivists. His professional work experience includes service at the Utah State HistoricalSociety, Montana State University, in the production side of commercial publishing, and at theUniversity of Tennessee at Martin. Though a professional librarian, he has conducted historicalresearch across the US and published widely, on Yellowstone literature, early Utah printing,Montana history, the work of historian Dale L. Morgan, Tennessee novelist Harry Kroll, and thecivil rights movement in the rural South during the 1950s and 60s.HistoryDr. Richard Saunders is an academic librarian and former Dean of Library Services at SouthernUtah University. A graduate of Utah State University, he holds graduate degrees in history fromUSU and the University of Memphis. His career in history has centered on preserving thesources of history as a Certified Archivist and special collections librarian, but he has alsoresearched, written, and published widely in historical topics including Yellowstone, theAmerican West, Mormons, American popular literature, and the US civil rights movement. Hisbiography of Utah native and historian of western America Dale L. Morgan was named a Finalistin 2024 for the Evans Biography Prize. He is currently at work on a study of post-war social andeconomic change in the rural South, focusing on several counties in West Tennessee.LibraryDr. Richard Saunders is the former Dean of Library Services at Southern Utah University andhas been an archivist and librarian since the days of typewriters and ARPAnet. He holds alibrary degree from Brigham Young University, one of the library-school casualties of the 1990s,a PhD in History from the University of Memphis, and has been a member of the Academy ofCertified Archivists since 1992. Since 1988 he has worked as an archivist or librarian at theUtah State Historical Society, Montana State University, University of Tennessee at Martin, andSouthern Utah University where he was dean from 2014 to 2018. Dr. Saunders currently servesas the editor of RBM, ACRL's journal of special collections librarianship.PrintingDr. Richard Saunders, academic librarian and former Dean of Library Services at Southern UtahUniversity, has been a student of printing, type, and publishing for over two decades. Informedby activity as an amateur handset printer and craft bookbinder, his scope of interest includesindustrial-scale papermaking, typography, printing, and both historical and descriptivebibliography. He worked professionally in the production side of commercial publishing in the1990s during the industry's transition from filmsetting to direct-to-plate technology. Dr.Saunders has guest-lectured to college students and the public in classes and at symposia atinstitutions including Brigham Young University and the University of Tennessee. Hisprofessional output includes Printing in Deseret: Mormons, Politics, Economics, and Utah'sIncunabula, 1849–1851 (Univ. of Utah Press, 2000), and Reams in the Desert: Papermaking inUtah, 1849–1893 (Legacy Press, 2021). These comments made as part of the podcast reflect the views of the episode participants only and should not be construed as official university statements.

How did PEZ candy come to be? Why are Mexicans so into anime? Does every costume deserve candy on Halloween? If you had a time machine would you kill Hitler or something more productive? Where was the internet invented? Kyle and Jheisson answer these questions and more as they dive into the history of PEZ, the Crocs marathon world record, the Flintstones, and the history of the Internet!The students at Wiki U have been drinking Magic Mind every morning to jumpstart their day and get their brains firing on all cylinders! We love Magic Mind because it's filled with all natural ingredients that help you focus on the things you need to get done and the things you WANT to get done. The first thing you should cross off your list today is getting a subscription to Magic Mind. For a limited time Wiki U listeners can get 20% off a one time purchase or subscription by using the promo code Wikiuni20 at checkout at the link below!https://magicmind.com/WIKIUNI20 TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@wikiuniversity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmPDDjcbBJfR0s_xJfYCUvwInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/wikiuniversity/Music provided by Davey and the Chains  TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@wikiuniversity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmPDDjcbBJfR0s_xJfYCUvwInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/wikiuniversity/Music provided by Davey and the Chains

This week on the Information Entropy Podcast, Mitchell takes the mic solo to explore the vast world of the Internet. He dives into its fascinating origins with ARPANET, traces its evolution through the rise of the World Wide Web, and examines the modern landscape shaped by social media and the Internet of Things (IoT). It's a journey through the technology that connects us all. Tune in, subscribe, and join the conversation!

Former Tennessee Senator Al Gore was accused by political opponents of claiming to have invented the Internet. We dig into the more complicated truth. Plus, the local news for Oct. 29, 2024 and a deep look at why Nashville's theater community has to get creative to find rehearsal space. Credits: This is a production of Nashville Public RadioHost/producer: Nina CardonaEditor: Miriam KramerAdditional support: Mack Linebaugh, Tony Gonzalez, Rachel Iacovone, LaTonya Turner and the staff of WPLN and WNXP

Our Patreon https://bcr.bio/support In episode 106, we continue our deep dive into the bizarre and captivating story of time traveler Tsuruhiko Kiuchi and his mind-bending time travel adventures. We begin by exploring Kiuchi's childhood fascination with space, which led him to join Japan's self-defense air force with dreams of becoming a pilot. We discuss his brushes with history, from his involvement in aerospace to his attempts to connect ARPANET to personal computers. This episode is a rollercoaster of humor and drama, from Gucci's role in internet history to Kiuchi's near-death experiences that left his friends with splitting headaches. We also cover Kiuchi's journey to the 5th dimension, his comet discoveries, including the potentially catastrophic Swift-Tuttle comet, and the mysterious government involvement in UFO sightings. Through light-hearted banter, we ponder the significance of Kiuchi's out-of-body experiences and his life filled with celestial encounters. Join us as we unravel these strange and fascinating tales that have left Joey & I wondering.... Is Tsuruhiko Kiuchi a real time traveler? Main References: Talk with Tsuruhiko Kiuchi, who has had three near-death experiences!: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3yeC_VJUbU His Blog: https://ameblo.jp/office-tsuruhiko-kiuchi/ Amazing Time Traveler Who Traveled Back in Time during a Near-Death Experience: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdmeCkzLdYQ ENN・「いま知って欲しいこと」　木内鶴彦さん: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1r9CHef0S4Q --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/black-cat-report/support

The introduction of the internet, a pivotal event in the Third Industrial Revolution, was shaped by crucial design and policy decisions made by early internet pioneers. Decisions such as adopting packet-switching for ARPANET, developing TCP/IP, and creating HTML and HTTP

Why FreeBSD Continues to Innovate and Thrive, Why BSD, A BSD person tries Alpine Linux, This message does not exist, Demise of Nagle's algorithm, How Jerry Pournelle Got Kicked Off the ARPANET, and more NOTES This episode of BSDNow is brought to you by Tarsnap (https://www.tarsnap.com/bsdnow) and the BSDNow Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/bsdnow) Headlines Why FreeBSD Continues to Innovate and Thrive (https://freebsdfoundation.org/blog/why-freebsd-continues-to-innovate-and-thrive/) Why BSD (https://michal.sapka.me/bsd/why-bsd/) News Roundup A BSD person tries Alpine Linux (https://rubenerd.com/a-bsd-pserson-trying-alpine-linux/) This message does not exist (https://www.kmjn.org/notes/message_existence.html) Demise of Nagle's algorithm (RFC 896 - Congestion Control) predicted via sysctl (https://undeadly.org/cgi?action=article;sid=20240514075024) How Jerry Pournelle Got Kicked Off the ARPANET (https://delong.typepad.com/sdj/2013/07/how-jerry-pournelle-got-kicked-off-the-arpanet.html) Tarsnap This weeks episode of BSDNow was sponsored by our friends at Tarsnap, the only secure online backup you can trust your data to. Even paranoids need backups. Feedback/Questions Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Join us and other BSD Fans in our BSD Now Telegram channel (https://t.me/bsdnow)

The first ‘spam' email, sent to ARPANET users on behalf of the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), landed in Inboxes on 3rd May, 1978. Marketer Gary Thuerk was responsible for the idea - but his execution was flawed, as he inadvertently filled the body of his message with email addresses, overflowing from the To and CC fields. Recipients weren't amused. Some grumbled, others chuckled, but all felt the intrusion...  In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly consider whether this e-marketing stumble truly qualifies as ‘spam' in the modern sense; trace the origins of the Monty Python-derived term for unsolicited email; and marvel at the available storage space in the early days of the internet…   Further Reading: • ‘Happy spamiversary! Spam reaches 30' (New Scientist, 2008): https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13777-happy-spamiversary-spam-reaches-30/ • ‘America is Uncle Spam' (Financial Times, 2018): ​​https://www.ft.com/content/59014392-4947-11e8-8c77-ff51caedcde6 • ‘Database: How to send an 'E mail'' (Thames TV, 1984): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szdbKz5CyhA We'll be back on Monday - unless you join

Today's Sponsor: Blinkisthttp://thisistheconversationproject.com/blinkist  Today's Rundown:New York police clear the pro-Palestinian encampment at Columbia Universityhttps://www.npr.org/2024/05/01/1248401802/columbia-university-protests-new-york Threat 'neutralized' after active shooter reported outside Wisconsin middle schoolhttps://abcnews.go.com/US/wisconsin-mount-horeb-reported-active-shooter/story?id=109800261 Instagram and Twitch roll out new TikTok-like short-form video discovery featureshttps://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/instagram-tiktok-roll-new-tiktok-short-form-video-discovery-features-rcna150231  Google lays off staff from Flutter, Dart and Python teams weeks before its developer conferencehttps://techcrunch.com/2024/05/01/google-lays-off-staff-from-flutter-dart-python-weeks-before-its-developer-conference/ Wegovy and Zepbound Shortages Will Last Until Summerhttps://www.everydayhealth.com/weight/wegovy-and-zepbound-shortages-will-last-until-summer/   Marvin Harrison Jr. Has Refused To Sign His NFLPA Licensing Agreement Due To "Beef" With Fanatics From His College Dayshttps://www.totalprosports.com/nfl/report-marvin-harrison-jr-has-refused-to-sign-his-nflpa-licensing-agreement-due-to-beef-with-fanatics-from-his-college-days/ Dan Schneider sues over portrayal in ‘Quiet on Set'https://www.audacy.com/knxnews/news/local/dan-schneider-sues-over-portrayal-in-quiet-on-set Trump acknowledges he told Secret Service on Jan. 6 that he would 'like to go down' to the Capitolhttps://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-acknowledges-told-secret-service-jan-6-go-capitol-rcna150298  Website: http://thisistheconversationproject.com  Facebook: http://facebook.com/thisistheconversationproject  Twitter: http://twitter.com/th_conversation  TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@theconversationproject  YouTube: http://thisistheconversationproject.com/youtube  Podcast: http://thisistheconversationproject.com/podcasts     ONE DAY OLDER ON MAY 2:Dwayne Johnson (52)Jenna Von Oy (47)Princess Charlotte (9) WHAT HAPPENED TODAY:1978: The first unsolicited bulk commercial email (which would later become known as “spam”) was sent to every ARPANET address on the west coast of the United States. The aggressive marketer decided to invite 393 ARPANET users to a product presentation by Digital Equipment Corporation. The ARPANET was the network created by the U.S. Department of Defense and was the predecessor of the Internet.2011: U.S. Navy Seal Team Six raided a large compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, and killed Al-Qaeda terrorist leader Osama bin Laden. Bin Laden's body was buried at sea in accordance with Islamic rites later that day.2023: 11,500 members of the Writers Guild of America went on strike. The strike would last through September 27, 2023. WORD OF TEH DAY: ruse / [ rooz ]a trick, stratagem, or artifice    PLUS, TODAY WE CELEBRATE: World Password Dayhttps://www.nationaldaycalendar.com/national-day/world-password-day-first-thursday-in-may#:~:text=The%20Registrar%20at%20National%20Day,year%20as%20World%20Password%20Day.     

This Day in Legal History: Lots of Things On March 13th, various significant events have unfolded in the realm of legal history, reflecting the ever-evolving landscape of law and justice across the globe. On this day in 1781, Sir William Herschel's discovery of Uranus led to international legal discussions on the naming rights of celestial bodies, a precursor to modern space law debates. In 1868, the impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson began, marking the first time a U.S. president faced such proceedings, underscoring the constitutional checks and balances in American governance.Fast forward to 1961, the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Posadas de Puerto Rico Associates v. Tourism Company of Puerto Rico established significant precedents regarding states' rights and the commerce clause, affecting how businesses and state regulations interacted. On March 13, 1989, the Internet's precursor, ARPANET, was hit by one of the first major digital security incidents, leading to the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 being amended to address such modern challenges, illustrating the law's attempt to keep pace with technological advancements.Moreover, on this day in 1996, the Dunblane school massacre occurred in Scotland, leading to stringent gun control laws in the United Kingdom, a pivotal moment in the global debate on gun regulation. This tragic event underscores how legal systems can rapidly evolve in response to societal tragedies.In more recent history, March 13, 2013, saw the election of Pope Francis, which brought to the forefront discussions about canon law, the legal system governing the Roman Catholic Church, highlighting the intersection of law and religion.These events, spanning centuries and continents, illustrate the dynamic nature of legal history and its profound impact on societal norms, regulations, and governance. As we reflect on these milestones, it becomes evident that the law is a living entity, constantly adapting to the complexities of human civilization.The federal judiciary has introduced a new policy to combat "judge shopping," a tactic where litigants select specific courts hoping for a favorable ruling, particularly noted in challenges to Biden administration actions in Texas. This practice, prevalent in cases aimed at barring or implementing state or federal actions, will now see civil actions randomly assigned to judges within a district, countering any local practices of case assignments to a single judge. This move, according to Judge Jeffrey Sutton of the Judicial Conference's executive committee, is a response to the increasing use of national injunctions that have seen district judges block nationwide policies across various administrations. While the policy's full implementation details remain unclear, it represents a significant shift aimed at ensuring impartiality and reducing the perception of the judiciary as politically influenced. The policy has drawn attention to judges like Matthew Kacsmaryk and Alan Albright, who have been focal points for conservative cases and patent cases, respectively. Despite these changes, challenges in areas not affecting state and federal law may still experience judge shopping. The judiciary's move is seen as a step towards fairness, although its effectiveness and scope are yet to be fully understood.Federal Courts Aim to Curb Judge Shopping With New Policy (3)US federal judiciary moves to curtail 'judge shopping' tactic | ReutersThe push towards unionizing student athletes, notably highlighted by Dartmouth College's men's basketball team's vote to unionize, has sparked significant controversy and concern among Republicans and university athletics representatives. This development comes amid debates in Congress, particularly focused on whether student athletes should be classified as employees, a question intensified by the National Labor Relations Board's (NLRB) decision to allow Dartmouth students to hold a union election. Critics, such as Rep. Burgess Owens, argue that recognizing student athletes as employees poses an "existential threat" to college sports, fearing widespread unintended consequences that could extend beyond NCAA Division I to impact Division II and III, as well as high school athletes.University representatives worry about the implications of employment status on issues ranging from tax exemptions for scholarships to visa eligibility for international students. They also fear the potential for the NLRB's stance to fluctuate with political changes. Proponents of the NLRB's decision, however, argue that past decisions, like the one involving Northwestern University football players, have been misinterpreted and that circumstances have evolved to warrant a reevaluation of student athletes' rights. They advocate for student athletes having a "seat at the table" to negotiate conditions pertinent to their dual roles as students and athletes. This debate gains further complexity considering the recent legal milestones, such as the Supreme Court's NCAA v. Alston case and the NLRB's Columbia University decision, both favoring expanded rights and compensation for students. Amidst these divided opinions, there's consensus on the need for a new approach to how student athletes are treated, with unionization seen as a potential catalyst for change.Unionizing Student Athletes Called ‘Existential Threat' by GOPIn the climax of New York's budget discussions, state Senate and Assembly Democrats have proposed tax increases on high earners and corporations, diverging sharply from Governor Kathy Hochul's stance against income tax hikes. This move aims to address concerns over New York's high tax burden and the outmigration of taxpayers, with progressive factions advocating for these tax hikes to fund education and Medicaid, contrary to Hochul's budgetary constraints. The legislative bodies' budget resolutions, contrasting with Hochul's $233 billion plan, also suggest restrictions on social media for minors and the establishment of an AI research consortium, amongst other priorities.While supporting the enhancement of housing construction and tech regulations, Hochul's budget seeks to manage future deficits through spending limits on public schools and Medicaid, positions not endorsed in the legislative proposals. Despite agreeing on a commercial security tax credit and extending a cap on itemized deductions for the wealthiest, the chambers reject Hochul's approach to school funding, Medicaid spending, and tech governance, indicating a significant battleground.The contention extends to technology policies, where both the Senate and Assembly resist Hochul's proposed AI and social media regulations, though they do introduce other data privacy initiatives. With a looming April 1 deadline and the complexities of Easter timing, achieving consensus appears challenging, especially given Hochul's constitutional leverage and the political implications for upcoming elections. Hochul, emphasizing the urgency to protect children from digital harms, faces a delicate balance between her tech policy goals and securing an on-time budget amidst these divergent legislative priorities.NY Lawmakers' Budgets Oppose Governor's Plans on Taxes, HousingSecuring a summer associate position at a major law firm was significantly more challenging in 2023, with the offer rate to law students at its lowest since 2012. Law firms made 19% fewer offers compared to the previous year, decreasing the average number of offers from 28 in 2022 to 22 in 2023. This reduction in offers resulted in a record-high overall acceptance rate of 47%, as law students found themselves with fewer options to choose from. The decline in summer associate hiring is attributed to a decrease in client demand and the high number of summer associates hired in 2022, leaving firms cautious about adding new talent amidst uncertain client demand. Furthermore, the competition was intensified by a 12% increase in the law student class size for 2024, exacerbating the challenge of securing these coveted positions.Large law firms typically use summer associate programs as a key recruitment tool, offering students six- to 14-week positions that often lead to permanent job offers upon graduation, sometimes with starting salaries up to $225,000. These programs serve as an economic indicator for the legal industry, with firms adjusting their hiring based on anticipated demand. Additionally, the practice of "precruiting," or extending offers ahead of official on-campus interview programs, has risen, with 47% of offers made before these formal events in 2023, up from 23% in 2022. This shift indicates a change in how law firms are approaching recruitment, with most of the decline in offers occurring through school-sponsored interview programs.Law firm summer associate recruiting hits 11-year low in 2023 | Reuters Get full access to Minimum Competence - Daily Legal News Podcast at www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

Guest Introduction: Today's episode features a special guest, David Campbell, a distinguished American technology executive, corporate board member, and the founder of All Hands and Hearts, a non-profit organization focused on natural disaster response and rebuilding efforts. With a rich history of leadership roles across various sectors, David shares insights from his multifaceted career and his journey towards philanthropy. Episode Highlights: Career Insights: David recounts his experiences in the technology sector, including his time at IBM and his pivotal role in growing Computer Task Group. He discusses the importance of building a positive organizational culture and the transition to BBN Technologies, where he contributed to the development of the ARPANET. Board Leadership: David shares his extensive involvement in various boards, emphasizing the significance of community engagement and corporate responsibility, particularly in the Buffalo, NY area. His commitment to civic organizations demonstrates the value of active participation in local development. Founding All Hands and Hearts: The story of All Hands and Hearts is a testament to David's entrepreneurial spirit and dedication to humanitarian aid. Originating from a spontaneous decision to aid tsunami victims in Thailand, the organization has grown into a global force for disaster response, relying on volunteers and donations to make a tangible difference. Philanthropic Pathways: David offers practical advice for individuals seeking to engage in philanthropy, introducing a matrix to help align personal interests with potential areas of impact. He emphasizes the importance of engaged philanthropy and provides resources for finding and evaluating organizations to support. Life Beyond Retirement: Highlighting the search for purpose post-retirement, David encourages listeners to consider volunteerism and philanthropy as avenues for meaningful engagement. He shares his ongoing role as a mentor and the joy derived from connecting people with causes that resonate with them. Links from the Episode: Donate: https://www.allhandsandhearts.org/ https://www.neidonors.org/ https://www.guidestar.org/ https://www.charitynavigator.org/ https://www.interaction.org/ https://www.amazon.com/All-Hands-Evolution-Volunteer-Powered-Organization/dp/1632990628/  Final Thoughts: David Campbell's journey from technology executive to philanthropic leader illustrates the profound impact that one individual can have on both local and global communities. His advice for finding purpose and making a difference in retirement offers valuable insights for anyone looking to redefine their Act Three. This podcast is sponsored by Good Morning Freedom, my retirement coaching firm. I help executives and professionals plan the non-financial part of their retirement, like how to discover new purpose and how you want to spend your time. I offer a 1:1 coaching retirement blueprint package where we work together to discover some new avenues of exploration for your Act Three. This coaching is completely custom and will provide you with a ton of resources and support as you transition to this new stage of life. For all the details, please go to goodmorningfreedom.com/services. Connect with Cara on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/caraliveslife/ or Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/caraliveslife/ or Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cara.a.gray/

Chris and Molly read Inherent Vice, part 5. Scott Oof and BEER, Fritz and ARPAnet. Discussion starts at 22:26.

Before the World Wide Web, savvy computer users were flocking to USENET to participate in discussions on everything from the latest advance in computing to the worst jokes you could imagine. USENET is still around today. So what the heck is it?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On today's episode of the Occult Symbolism and Pop Culture with Isaac Weishaupt podcast we'll answer the question: is A.I. the Antichrist?... In Part 2 we'll look at some prophetic statements I made in 2014, review the Chatbots from Microsoft and Google, discuss the original purpose for the Internet from the ARPANet days with Jacques Vallee (*yes the UFO guy) and wrap up the discussion as to whether or not A.I. is the Antichrist!In Part 1 we took a look at the “Godfather of AI” quitting Google due to the risk it imposes, then some figures like Nostradamus, Nietzsche, Jack Parsons and more. We defined the term “Antichrist” and heard from the CEO of Google on a recent 60 Minutes telling us some uncomfortable outlooks!Show sponsors- Get discounts while you support the show and do a little self improvement! 1. HelloFresh- get 16 FREE MEALS PLUS FREE SHIPPING! https://hellofresh.com/ospc16 2. ATTENTION CRYPTO NERDS!!! CopyMyCrypto.com/Isaac is where you can copy James McMahon's crypto holdings- listeners get access for just $13. BetterHelp: This episode is brought to you by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try and get 10% off at betterhelp.com/illuminatiwatcher and get on your way to being your best self. 4. *Want to advertise/sponsor our show? Email Isaac at IlluminatiWatcher@gmail.com (*business inquiries only please- I'm a one man operation)GRIFTER ALLEY- get bonus content AND go commercial free + other perks:* APPLE PREMIUM: If you're on the Apple Podcasts app- just click the Premium button and you're in! *NO more ads *Early Access *EVERY BONUS EPISODE* PATREON: ad free, all the bonus shows, early access AND TWO OF MY BOOKS! (The Dark Path and Kubrick's Code); you can join the conversations with hundreds of other show supporters here: Patreon.com/IlluminatiWatcher * VIP: Due to the threat of censorship, I set up a Patreon-type system through MY OWN website! IIt's even setup the same: FREE ebooks, Kubrick's Code video! Sign up at: https://illuminatiwatcher.com/members-section/ * *****Want to check out the list of all 160+ bonus shows that are only available on Patreon and IlluminatiWatcher.com VIP Section?… I keep an index right here: https://www.patreon.com/posts/2941405More from Isaac- links and special offers:1. Check out another free podcast I make with my wife called the BREAKING SOCIAL NORMS podcast- it's all about the truther (me) lovingly debating conspiracies with a normie (my wife)! Go to BreakingSocialNorms.com You can get it free wherever you listen to podcasts (e.g. Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/breaking-social-norms/id1557527024?uo=4). You can get the Uncensored and commercial-free option at Patreon.com/BreakingSocialNorms2. Index of EVERY episode of OSAPC Podcast going back to 2014! https://illuminatiwatcher.com/index-of-every-podcast-episode-of-occult-symbolism-and-pop-culture/3. Signed paperbacks, shirts, & other merch: f4. FREE BOOK: https://illuminatiwatcher.com/how-to-get-free-books/5. Isaac's books for Amazon and narrated for Audible: https://www.amazon.com/author/isaacweishaupt6. Subscribe to my NEW YouTube channel (*with most of the episodes in video form): https://www.youtube.com/@occultsymbolism7. *STATEMENT: This show is full of Isaac's useless opinions and presented for entertainment purposes. Audio clips used in Fair Use and taken from YouTube videos.*ALL Social Media, merch and other links:https://allmylinks.com/isaacwThis show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/3200989/advertisement

On today's episode of the Occult Symbolism and Pop Culture with Isaac Weishaupt podcast we're going to start taking a look at a question that should be on all of humanity's mind: Is A.I. the Antichrist?... Many silicon valley billionaires and elites have been thinking of this question and some are even helping it out!In Part 1 we'll take a look at the “Godfather of AI” quitting Google due to the risk it imposes, then some figures like Nostradamus, Nietzsche, Jack Parsons and more. We'll define the term “Antichrist” and hear from the CEO of Google on a recent 60 Minutes telling us some uncomfortable outlooks!In Part 2 we'll look at some prophetic statements I made in 2014, review the Chatbots from Microsoft and Google, discuss the original purpose for the Internet from the ARPANet days with Jacques Vallee (*yes the UFO guy) and wrap up the discussion as to whether or not A.I. is the Antichrist!NOW UP AD-FREE ON SUPPORTER FEEDS! Free feed gets it Monday!Time is running out to get into the Twin Peaks Grey Lodge for only 2 BUCKS! Join the VIP Section to go ad-free, hundreds of bonus episodes (*including the Twin Peaks Grey Lodge series), two free books and early access! All for only 2 bucks with coupon code ‘CHERRYPIE' that expires June 30th! Go to illuminatiwatcher.com/members-section/ and sign up for the VIP Section- scroll ALL the way to the bottom, sign up for Tier 1 using coupon code “CHERRYPIE” and you're in!Show sponsors- Get discounts while you support the show and do a little self improvement! 1. HelloFresh- get 16 FREE MEALS PLUS FREE SHIPPING! https://hellofresh.com/ospc16 2. ATTENTION CRYPTO NERDS!!! CopyMyCrypto.com/Isaac is where you can copy James McMahon's crypto holdings- listeners get access for just $13. BetterHelp: This episode is brought to you by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try and get 10% off at betterhelp.com/illuminatiwatcher and get on your way to being your best self. 4. *Want to advertise/sponsor our show? Email Isaac at IlluminatiWatcher@gmail.com (*business inquiries only please- I'm a one man operation)GRIFTER ALLEY- get bonus content AND go commercial free + other perks:* APPLE PREMIUM: If you're on the Apple Podcasts app- just click the Premium button and you're in! *NO more ads *Early Access *EVERY BONUS EPISODE* PATREON: ad free, all the bonus shows, early access AND TWO OF MY BOOKS! (The Dark Path and Kubrick's Code); you can join the conversations with hundreds of other show supporters here: Patreon.com/IlluminatiWatcher * VIP: Due to the threat of censorship, I set up a Patreon-type system through MY OWN website! IIt's even setup the same: FREE ebooks, Kubrick's Code video! Sign up at: https://illuminatiwatcher.com/members-section/ * *****Want to check out the list of all 160+ bonus shows that are only available on Patreon and IlluminatiWatcher.com VIP Section?… I keep an index right here: https://www.patreon.com/posts/2941405More from Isaac- links and special offers:1. Check out another free podcast I make with my wife called the BREAKING SOCIAL NORMS podcast- it's all about the truther (me) lovingly debating conspiracies with a normie (my wife)! Go to BreakingSocialNorms.com You can get it free wherever you listen to podcasts (e.g. Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/breaking-social-norms/id1557527024?uo=4). You can get the Uncensored and commercial-free option at Patreon.com/BreakingSocialNorms2. Index of EVERY episode of OSAPC Podcast going back to 2014! https://illuminatiwatcher.com/index-of-every-podcast-episode-of-occult-symbolism-and-pop-culture/3. Signed paperbacks, shirts, & other merch: f4. FREE BOOK: https://illuminatiwatcher.com/how-to-get-free-books/5. Isaac's books for Amazon and narrated for Audible: https://www.amazon.com/author/isaacweishaupt6. Subscribe to my NEW YouTube channel (*with most of the episodes in video form): https://www.youtube.com/@occultsymbolism7. *STATEMENT: This show is full of Isaac's useless opinions and presented for entertainment purposes. Audio clips used in Fair Use and taken from YouTube videos.*ALL Social Media, merch and other links:https://allmylinks.com/isaacwThis show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/3200989/advertisement

Back in my day, computer games didn't have fancy graphics or immersive sound. They just had plain old text, and we liked it! We look at the origins of the text-based adventure game and how these games are a creative challenge to make.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Episode 165 of A History of Rock Music in Five Hundred Songs looks at “Dark Stat” and the career of the Grateful Dead. This is a long one, even longer than the previous episode, but don't worry, that won't be the norm. There's a reason these two were much longer than average. Click the full post to read liner notes, links to more information, and a transcript of the episode. Patreon backers also have a twenty-minute bonus episode available, on "Codine" by the Charlatans. Errata I mispronounce Brent Mydland's name as Myland a couple of times, and in the introduction I say "Touch of Grey" came out in 1988 -- I later, correctly, say 1987. (I seem to have had a real problem with dates in the intro -- I also originally talked about "Blue Suede Shoes" being in 1954 before fixing it in the edit to be 1956) Resources No Mixcloud this week, as there are too many songs by the Grateful Dead, and Grayfolded runs to two hours. I referred to a lot of books for this episode, partly because almost everything about the Grateful Dead is written from a fannish perspective that already assumes background knowledge, rather than to provide that background knowledge. Of the various books I used, Dennis McNally's biography of the band and This Is All a Dream We Dreamed: An Oral History of the Grateful Dead by Blair Jackson and David Gans are probably most useful for the casually interested. Other books on the Dead I used included McNally's Jerry on Jerry, a collection of interviews with Garcia; Deal, Bill Kreutzmann's autobiography; The Grateful Dead FAQ by Tony Sclafani; So Many Roads by David Browne; Deadology by Howard F. Weiner; Fare Thee Well by Joel Selvin and Pamela Turley; and Skeleton Key: A Dictionary for Deadheads by David Shenk and Steve Silberman. Tom Wolfe's The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test is the classic account of the Pranksters, though not always reliable. I reference Slaughterhouse Five a lot. As well as the novel itself, which everyone should read, I also read this rather excellent graphic novel adaptation, and The Writer's Crusade, a book about the writing of the novel. I also reference Ted Sturgeon's More Than Human. For background on the scene around Astounding Science Fiction which included Sturgeon, John W. Campbell, L. Ron Hubbard, and many other science fiction writers, I recommend Alec Nevala-Lee's Astounding. 1,000 True Fans can be read online, as can the essay on the Californian ideology, and John Perry Barlow's "Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace". The best collection of Grateful Dead material is the box set The Golden Road, which contains all the albums released in Pigpen's lifetime along with a lot of bonus material, but which appears currently out of print. Live/Dead contains both the live version of "Dark Star" which made it well known and, as a CD bonus track, the original single version. And archive.org has more live recordings of the group than you can possibly ever listen to. Grayfolded can be bought from John Oswald's Bandcamp Patreon This podcast is brought to you by the generosity of my backers on Patreon. Why not join them? Transcript [Excerpt: Tuning from "Grayfolded", under the warnings Before we begin -- as we're tuning up, as it were, I should mention that this episode contains discussions of alcoholism, drug addiction, racism, nonconsensual drugging of other people, and deaths from drug abuse, suicide, and car accidents. As always, I try to deal with these subjects as carefully as possible, but if you find any of those things upsetting you may wish to read the transcript rather than listen to this episode, or skip it altogether. Also, I should note that the members of the Grateful Dead were much freer with their use of swearing in interviews than any other band we've covered so far, and that makes using quotes from them rather more difficult than with other bands, given the limitations of the rules imposed to stop the podcast being marked as adult. If I quote anything with a word I can't use here, I'll give a brief pause in the audio, and in the transcript I'll have the word in square brackets. [tuning ends] All this happened, more or less. In 1910, T. S. Eliot started work on "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock", which at the time was deemed barely poetry, with one reviewer imagining Eliot saying "I'll just put down the first thing that comes into my head, and call it 'The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.'" It is now considered one of the great classics of modernist literature. In 1969, Kurt Vonnegut wrote "Slaughterhouse-Five, or, The Children's Crusade: A Duty-Dance with Death", a book in which the protagonist, Billy Pilgrim, comes unstuck in time, and starts living a nonlinear life, hopping around between times reliving his experiences in the Second World War, and future experiences up to 1976 after being kidnapped by beings from the planet Tralfamadore. Or perhaps he has flashbacks and hallucinations after having a breakdown from PTSD. It is now considered one of the great classics of modernist literature or of science fiction, depending on how you look at it. In 1953, Theodore Sturgeon wrote More Than Human. It is now considered one of the great classics of science fiction. In 1950, L. Ron Hubbard wrote Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health. It is now considered either a bad piece of science fiction or one of the great revelatory works of religious history, depending on how you look at it. In 1994, 1995, and 1996 the composer John Oswald released, first as two individual CDs and then as a double-CD, an album called Grayfolded, which the composer says in the liner notes he thinks of as existing in Tralfamadorian time. The Tralfamadorians in Vonnegut's novels don't see time as a linear thing with a beginning and end, but as a continuum that they can move between at will. When someone dies, they just think that at this particular point in time they're not doing so good, but at other points in time they're fine, so why focus on the bad time? In the book, when told of someone dying, the Tralfamadorians just say "so it goes". In between the first CD's release and the release of the double-CD version, Jerry Garcia died. From August 1942 through August 1995, Jerry Garcia was alive. So it goes. Shall we go, you and I? [Excerpt: The Grateful Dead, "Dark Star (Omni 3/30/94)"] "One principle has become clear. Since motives are so frequently found in combination, it is essential that the complex types be analyzed and arranged, with an eye kept single nevertheless to the master-theme under discussion. Collectors, both primary and subsidiary, have done such valiant service that the treasures at our command are amply sufficient for such studies, so extensive, indeed, that the task of going through them thoroughly has become too great for the unassisted student. It cannot be too strongly urged that a single theme in its various types and compounds must be made predominant in any useful comparative study. This is true when the sources and analogues of any literary work are treated; it is even truer when the bare motive is discussed. The Grateful Dead furnishes an apt illustration of the necessity of such handling. It appears in a variety of different combinations, almost never alone. Indeed, it is so widespread a tale, and its combinations are so various, that there is the utmost difficulty in determining just what may properly be regarded the original kernel of it, the simple theme to which other motives were joined. Various opinions, as we shall see, have been held with reference to this matter, most of them justified perhaps by the materials in the hands of the scholars holding them, but none quite adequate in view of later evidence." That's a quote from The Grateful Dead: The History of a Folk Story, by Gordon Hall Gerould, published in 1908. Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughterhouse-Five opens with a chapter about the process of writing the novel itself, and how difficult it was. He says "I would hate to tell you what this lousy little book cost me in money and anxiety and time. When I got home from the Second World War twenty-three years ago, I thought it would be easy for me to write about the destruction of Dresden, since all I would have to do would be to report what I had seen. And I thought, too, that it would be a masterpiece or at least make me a lot of money, since the subject was so big." This is an episode several of my listeners have been looking forward to, but it's one I've been dreading writing, because this is an episode -- I think the only one in the series -- where the format of the podcast simply *will not* work. Were the Grateful Dead not such an important band, I would skip this episode altogether, but they're a band that simply can't be ignored, and that's a real problem here. Because my intent, always, with this podcast, is to present the recordings of the artists in question, put them in context, and explain why they were important, what their music meant to its listeners. To put, as far as is possible, the positive case for why the music mattered *in the context of its time*. Not why it matters now, or why it matters to me, but why it matters *in its historical context*. Whether I like the music or not isn't the point. Whether it stands up now isn't the point. I play the music, explain what it was they were doing, why they were doing it, what people saw in it. If I do my job well, you come away listening to "Blue Suede Shoes" the way people heard it in 1956, or "Good Vibrations" the way people heard it in 1966, and understanding why people were so impressed by those records. That is simply *not possible* for the Grateful Dead. I can present a case for them as musicians, and hope to do so. I can explain the appeal as best I understand it, and talk about things I like in their music, and things I've noticed. But what I can't do is present their recordings the way they were received in the sixties and explain why they were popular. Because every other act I have covered or will cover in this podcast has been a *recording* act, and their success was based on records. They may also have been exceptional live performers, but James Brown or Ike and Tina Turner are remembered for great *records*, like "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" or "River Deep, Mountain High". Their great moments were captured on vinyl, to be listened back to, and susceptible of analysis. That is not the case for the Grateful Dead, and what is worse *they explicitly said, publicly, on multiple occasions* that it is not possible for me to understand their art, and thus that it is not possible for me to explain it. The Grateful Dead did make studio records, some of them very good. But they always said, consistently, over a thirty year period, that their records didn't capture what they did, and that the only way -- the *only* way, they were very clear about this -- that one could actually understand and appreciate their music, was to see them live, and furthermore to see them live while on psychedelic drugs. [Excerpt: Grateful Dead crowd noise] I never saw the Grateful Dead live -- their last UK performance was a couple of years before I went to my first ever gig -- and I have never taken a psychedelic substance. So by the Grateful Dead's own criteria, it is literally impossible for me to understand or explain their music the way that it should be understood or explained. In a way I'm in a similar position to the one I was in with La Monte Young in the last episode, whose music it's mostly impossible to experience without being in his presence. This is one reason of several why I placed these two episodes back to back. Of course, there is a difference between Young and the Grateful Dead. The Grateful Dead allowed -- even encouraged -- the recording of their live performances. There are literally thousands of concert recordings in circulation, many of them of professional quality. I have listened to many of those, and I can hear what they were doing. I can tell you what *I* think is interesting about their music, and about their musicianship. And I think I can build up a good case for why they were important, and why they're interesting, and why those recordings are worth listening to. And I can certainly explain the cultural phenomenon that was the Grateful Dead. But just know that while I may have found *a* point, *an* explanation for why the Grateful Dead were important, by the band's own lights and those of their fans, no matter how good a job I do in this episode, I *cannot* get it right. And that is, in itself, enough of a reason for this episode to exist, and for me to try, even harder than I normally do, to get it right *anyway*. Because no matter how well I do my job this episode will stand as an example of why this series is called "*A* History", not *the* history. Because parts of the past are ephemeral. There are things about which it's true to say "You had to be there". I cannot know what it was like to have been an American the day Kennedy was shot, I cannot know what it was like to be alive when a man walked on the Moon. Those are things nobody my age or younger can ever experience. And since August the ninth, 1995, the experience of hearing the Grateful Dead's music the way they wanted it heard has been in that category. And that is by design. Jerry Garcia once said "if you work really hard as an artist, you may be able to build something they can't tear down, you know, after you're gone... What I want to do is I want it here. I want it now, in this lifetime. I want what I enjoy to last as long as I do and not last any longer. You know, I don't want something that ends up being as much a nuisance as it is a work of art, you know?" And there's another difficulty. There are only two points in time where it makes sense to do a podcast episode on the Grateful Dead -- late 1967 and early 1968, when the San Francisco scene they were part of was at its most culturally relevant, and 1988 when they had their only top ten hit and gained their largest audience. I can't realistically leave them out of the story until 1988, so it has to be 1968. But the songs they are most remembered for are those they wrote between 1970 and 1972, and those songs are influenced by artists and events we haven't yet covered in the podcast, who will be getting their own episodes in the future. I can't explain those things in this episode, because they need whole episodes of their own. I can't not explain them without leaving out important context for the Grateful Dead. So the best I can do is treat the story I'm telling as if it were in Tralfamadorian time. All of it's happening all at once, and some of it is happening in different episodes that haven't been recorded yet. The podcast as a whole travels linearly from 1938 through to 1999, but this episode is happening in 1968 and 1972 and 1988 and 1995 and other times, all at once. Sometimes I'll talk about things as if you're already familiar with them, but they haven't happened yet in the story. Feel free to come unstuck in time and revisit this time after episode 167, and 172, and 176, and 192, and experience it again. So this has to be an experimental episode. It may well be an experiment that you think fails. If so, the next episode is likely to be far more to your taste, and much shorter than this or the last episode, two episodes that between them have to create a scaffolding on which will hang much of the rest of this podcast's narrative. I've finished my Grateful Dead script now. The next one I write is going to be fun: [Excerpt: Grateful Dead, "Dark Star"] Infrastructure means everything. How we get from place to place, how we transport goods, information, and ourselves, makes a big difference in how society is structured, and in the music we hear. For many centuries, the prime means of long-distance transport was by water -- sailing ships on the ocean, canal boats and steamboats for inland navigation -- and so folk songs talked about the ship as both means of escape, means of making a living, and in some senses as a trap. You'd go out to sea for adventure, or to escape your problems, but you'd find that the sea itself brought its own problems. Because of this we have a long, long tradition of sea shanties which are known throughout the world: [Excerpt: A. L. Lloyd, "Off to Sea Once More"] But in the nineteenth century, the railway was invented and, at least as far as travel within a landmass goes, it replaced the steamboat in the popular imaginary. Now the railway was how you got from place to place, and how you moved freight from one place to another. The railway brought freedom, and was an opportunity for outlaws, whether train robbers or a romanticised version of the hobo hopping onto a freight train and making his way to new lands and new opportunity. It was the train that brought soldiers home from wars, and the train that allowed the Great Migration of Black people from the South to the industrial North. There would still be songs about the riverboats, about how ol' man river keeps rolling along and about the big river Johnny Cash sang about, but increasingly they would be songs of the past, not the present. The train quickly replaced the steamboat in the iconography of what we now think of as roots music -- blues, country, folk, and early jazz music. Sometimes this was very literal. Furry Lewis' "Kassie Jones" -- about a legendary train driver who would break the rules to make sure his train made the station on time, but who ended up sacrificing his own life to save his passengers in a train crash -- is based on "Alabamy Bound", which as we heard in the episode on "Stagger Lee", was about steamboats: [Excerpt: Furry Lewis, "Kassie Jones"] In the early episodes of this podcast we heard many, many, songs about the railway. Louis Jordan saying "take me right back to the track, Jack", Rosetta Tharpe singing about how "this train don't carry no gamblers", the trickster freight train driver driving on the "Rock Island Line", the mystery train sixteen coaches long, the train that kept-a-rollin' all night long, the Midnight Special which the prisoners wished would shine its ever-loving light on them, and the train coming past Folsom Prison whose whistle makes Johnny Cash hang his head and cry. But by the 1960s, that kind of song had started to dry up. It would happen on occasion -- "People Get Ready" by the Impressions is the most obvious example of the train metaphor in an important sixties record -- but by the late sixties the train was no longer a symbol of freedom but of the past. In 1969 Harry Nilsson sang about how "Nobody Cares About the Railroads Any More", and in 1968 the Kinks sang about "The Last of the Steam-Powered Trains". When in 1968 Merle Haggard sang about a freight train, it was as a memory, of a child with hopes that ended up thwarted by reality and his own nature: [Excerpt: Merle Haggard, "Mama Tried"] And the reason for this was that there had been another shift, a shift that had started in the forties and accelerated in the late fifties but had taken a little time to ripple through the culture. Now the train had been replaced in the popular imaginary by motorised transport. Instead of hopping on a train without paying, if you had no money in your pocket you'd have to hitch-hike all the way. Freedom now meant individuality. The ultimate in freedom was the biker -- the Hell's Angels who could go anywhere, unburdened by anything -- and instead of goods being moved by freight train, increasingly they were being moved by truck drivers. By the mid-seventies, truck drivers took a central place in American life, and the most romantic way to live life was to live it on the road. On The Road was also the title of a 1957 novel by Jack Kerouac, which was one of the first major signs of this cultural shift in America. Kerouac was writing about events in the late forties and early fifties, but his book was also a precursor of the sixties counterculture. He wrote the book on one continuous sheet of paper, as a stream of consciousness. Kerouac died in 1969 of an internal haemmorage brought on by too much alcohol consumption. So it goes. But the big key to this cultural shift was caused by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, a massive infrastructure spending bill that led to the construction of the modern American Interstate Highway system. This accelerated a program that had already started, of building much bigger, safer, faster roads. It also, as anyone who has read Robert Caro's The Power Broker knows, reinforced segregation and white flight. It did this both by making commuting into major cities from the suburbs easier -- thus allowing white people with more money to move further away from the cities and still work there -- and by bulldozing community spaces where Black people lived. More than a million people lost their homes and were forcibly moved, and orders of magnitude more lost their communities' parks and green spaces. And both as a result of deliberate actions and unconscious bigotry, the bulk of those affected were Black people -- who often found themselves, if they weren't forced to move, on one side of a ten-lane highway where the park used to be, with white people on the other side of the highway. The Federal-Aid Highway Act gave even more power to the unaccountable central planners like Robert Moses, the urban planner in New York who managed to become arguably the most powerful man in the city without ever getting elected, partly by slowly compromising away his early progressive ideals in the service of gaining more power. Of course, not every new highway was built through areas where poor Black people lived. Some were planned to go through richer areas for white people, just because you can't completely do away with geographical realities. For example one was planned to be built through part of San Francisco, a rich, white part. But the people who owned properties in that area had enough political power and clout to fight the development, and after nearly a decade of fighting it, the development was called off in late 1966. But over that time, many of the owners of the impressive buildings in the area had moved out, and they had no incentive to improve or maintain their properties while they were under threat of demolition, so many of them were rented out very cheaply. And when the beat community that Kerouac wrote about, many of whom had settled in San Francisco, grew too large and notorious for the area of the city they were in, North Beach, many of them moved to these cheap homes in a previously-exclusive area. The area known as Haight-Ashbury. [Excerpt: The Grateful Dead, "Grayfolded"] Stories all have their starts, even stories told in Tralfamadorian time, although sometimes those starts are shrouded in legend. For example, the story of Scientology's start has been told many times, with different people claiming to have heard L. Ron Hubbard talk about how writing was a mug's game, and if you wanted to make real money, you needed to get followers, start a religion. Either he said this over and over and over again, to many different science fiction writers, or most science fiction writers of his generation were liars. Of course, the definition of a writer is someone who tells lies for money, so who knows? One of the more plausible accounts of him saying that is given by Theodore Sturgeon. Sturgeon's account is more believable than most, because Sturgeon went on to be a supporter of Dianetics, the "new science" that Hubbard turned into his religion, for decades, even while telling the story. The story of the Grateful Dead probably starts as it ends, with Jerry Garcia. There are three things that everyone writing about the Dead says about Garcia's childhood, so we might as well say them here too. The first is that he was named by a music-loving father after Jerome Kern, the songwriter responsible for songs like "Ol' Man River" (though as Oscar Hammerstein's widow liked to point out, "Jerome Kern wrote dum-dum-dum-dum, *my husband* wrote 'Ol' Man River'" -- an important distinction we need to bear in mind when talking about songwriters who write music but not lyrics). The second is that when he was five years old that music-loving father drowned -- and Garcia would always say he had seen his father dying, though some sources claim this was a false memory. So it goes. And the third fact, which for some reason is always told after the second even though it comes before it chronologically, is that when he was four he lost two joints from his right middle finger. Garcia grew up a troubled teen, and in turn caused trouble for other people, but he also developed a few interests that would follow him through his life. He loved the fantastical, especially the fantastical macabre, and became an avid fan of horror and science fiction -- and through his love of old monster films he became enamoured with cinema more generally. Indeed, in 1983 he bought the film rights to Kurt Vonnegut's science fiction novel The Sirens of Titan, the first story in which the Tralfamadorians appear, and wrote a script based on it. He wanted to produce the film himself, with Francis Ford Coppola directing and Bill Murray starring, but most importantly for him he wanted to prevent anyone who didn't care about it from doing it badly. And in that he succeeded. As of 2023 there is no film of The Sirens of Titan. He loved to paint, and would continue that for the rest of his life, with one of his favourite subjects being Boris Karloff as the Frankenstein monster. And when he was eleven or twelve, he heard for the first time a record that was hugely influential to a whole generation of Californian musicians, even though it was a New York record -- "Gee" by the Crows: [Excerpt: The Crows, "Gee"] Garcia would say later "That was an important song. That was the first kind of, like where the voices had that kind of not-trained-singer voices, but tough-guy-on-the-street voice." That record introduced him to R&B, and soon he was listening to Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley, to Ray Charles, and to a record we've not talked about in the podcast but which was one of the great early doo-wop records, "WPLJ" by the Four Deuces: [Excerpt: The Four Deuces, "WPLJ"] Garcia said of that record "That was one of my anthem songs when I was in junior high school and high school and around there. That was one of those songs everybody knew. And that everybody sang. Everybody sang that street-corner favorite." Garcia moved around a lot as a child, and didn't have much time for school by his own account, but one of the few teachers he did respect was an art teacher when he was in North Beach, Walter Hedrick. Hedrick was also one of the earliest of the conceptual artists, and one of the most important figures in the San Francisco arts scene that would become known as the Beat Generation (or the Beatniks, which was originally a disparaging term). Hedrick was a painter and sculptor, but also organised happenings, and he had also been one of the prime movers in starting a series of poetry readings in San Francisco, the first one of which had involved Allen Ginsberg giving the first ever reading of "Howl" -- one of a small number of poems, along with Eliot's "Prufrock" and "The Waste Land" and possibly Pound's Cantos, which can be said to have changed twentieth-century literature. Garcia was fifteen when he got to know Hedrick, in 1957, and by then the Beat scene had already become almost a parody of itself, having become known to the public because of the publication of works like On the Road, and the major artists in the scene were already rejecting the label. By this point tourists were flocking to North Beach to see these beatniks they'd heard about on TV, and Hedrick was actually employed by one cafe to sit in the window wearing a beret, turtleneck, sandals, and beard, and draw and paint, to attract the tourists who flocked by the busload because they could see that there was a "genuine beatnik" in the cafe. Hedrick was, as well as a visual artist, a guitarist and banjo player who played in traditional jazz bands, and he would bring records in to class for his students to listen to, and Garcia particularly remembered him bringing in records by Big Bill Broonzy: [Excerpt: Big Bill Broonzy, "When Things Go Wrong (It Hurts Me Too)"] Garcia was already an avid fan of rock and roll music, but it was being inspired by Hedrick that led him to get his first guitar. Like his contemporary Paul McCartney around the same time, he was initially given the wrong instrument as a birthday present -- in Garcia's case his mother gave him an accordion -- but he soon persuaded her to swap it for an electric guitar he saw in a pawn shop. And like his other contemporary, John Lennon, Garcia initially tuned his instrument incorrectly. He said later "When I started playing the guitar, believe me, I didn't know anybody that played. I mean, I didn't know anybody that played the guitar. Nobody. They weren't around. There were no guitar teachers. You couldn't take lessons. There was nothing like that, you know? When I was a kid and I had my first electric guitar, I had it tuned wrong and learned how to play on it with it tuned wrong for about a year. And I was getting somewhere on it, you know… Finally, I met a guy that knew how to tune it right and showed me three chords, and it was like a revelation. You know what I mean? It was like somebody gave me the key to heaven." He joined a band, the Chords, which mostly played big band music, and his friend Gary Foster taught him some of the rudiments of playing the guitar -- things like how to use a capo to change keys. But he was always a rebellious kid, and soon found himself faced with a choice between joining the military or going to prison. He chose the former, and it was during his time in the Army that a friend, Ron Stevenson, introduced him to the music of Merle Travis, and to Travis-style guitar picking: [Excerpt: Merle Travis, "Nine-Pound Hammer"] Garcia had never encountered playing like that before, but he instantly recognised that Travis, and Chet Atkins who Stevenson also played for him, had been an influence on Scotty Moore. He started to realise that the music he'd listened to as a teenager was influenced by music that went further back. But Stevenson, as well as teaching Garcia some of the rudiments of Travis-picking, also indirectly led to Garcia getting discharged from the Army. Stevenson was not a well man, and became suicidal. Garcia decided it was more important to keep his friend company and make sure he didn't kill himself than it was to turn up for roll call, and as a result he got discharged himself on psychiatric grounds -- according to Garcia he told the Army psychiatrist "I was involved in stuff that was more important to me in the moment than the army was and that was the reason I was late" and the psychiatrist thought it was neurotic of Garcia to have his own set of values separate from that of the Army. After discharge, Garcia did various jobs, including working as a transcriptionist for Lenny Bruce, the comedian who was a huge influence on the counterculture. In one of the various attacks over the years by authoritarians on language, Bruce was repeatedly arrested for obscenity, and in 1961 he was arrested at a jazz club in North Beach. Sixty years ago, the parts of speech that were being criminalised weren't pronouns, but prepositions and verbs: [Excerpt: Lenny Bruce, "To is a Preposition, Come is a Verb"] That piece, indeed, was so controversial that when Frank Zappa quoted part of it in a song in 1968, the record label insisted on the relevant passage being played backwards so people couldn't hear such disgusting filth: [Excerpt: The Mothers of Invention, "Harry You're a Beast"] (Anyone familiar with that song will understand that the censored portion is possibly the least offensive part of the whole thing). Bruce was facing trial, and he needed transcripts of what he had said in his recordings to present in court. Incidentally, there seems to be some confusion over exactly which of Bruce's many obscenity trials Garcia became a transcriptionist for. Dennis McNally says in his biography of the band, published in 2002, that it was the most famous of them, in autumn 1964, but in a later book, Jerry on Jerry, a book of interviews of Garcia edited by McNally, McNally talks about it being when Garcia was nineteen, which would mean it was Bruce's first trial, in 1961. We can put this down to the fact that many of the people involved, not least Garcia, lived in Tralfamadorian time, and were rather hazy on dates, but I'm placing the story here rather than in 1964 because it seems to make more sense that Garcia would be involved in a trial based on an incident in San Francisco than one in New York. Garcia got the job, even though he couldn't type, because by this point he'd spent so long listening to recordings of old folk and country music that he was used to transcribing indecipherable accents, and often, as Garcia would tell it, Bruce would mumble very fast and condense multiple syllables into one. Garcia was particularly impressed by Bruce's ability to improvise but talk in entire paragraphs, and he compared his use of language to bebop. Another thing that was starting to impress Garcia, and which he also compared to bebop, was bluegrass: [Excerpt: Bill Monroe, "Fire on the Mountain"] Bluegrass is a music that is often considered very traditional, because it's based on traditional songs and uses acoustic instruments, but in fact it was a terribly *modern* music, and largely a postwar creation of a single band -- Bill Monroe and his Blue Grass Boys. And Garcia was right when he said it was "white bebop" -- though he did say "The only thing it doesn't have is the harmonic richness of bebop. You know what I mean? That's what it's missing, but it has everything else." Both bebop and bluegrass evolved after the second world war, though they were informed by music from before it, and both prized the ability to improvise, and technical excellence. Both are musics that involved playing *fast*, in an ensemble, and being able to respond quickly to the other musicians. Both musics were also intensely rhythmic, a response to a faster paced, more stressful world. They were both part of the general change in the arts towards immediacy that we looked at in the last episode with the creation first of expressionism and then of pop art. Bluegrass didn't go into the harmonic explorations that modern jazz did, but it was absolutely as modern as anything Charlie Parker was doing, and came from the same impulses. It was tradition and innovation, the past and the future simultaneously. Bill Monroe, Jackson Pollock, Charlie Parker, Jack Kerouac, and Lenny Bruce were all in their own ways responding to the same cultural moment, and it was that which Garcia was responding to. But he didn't become able to play bluegrass until after a tragedy which shaped his life even more than his father's death had. Garcia had been to a party and was in a car with his friends Lee Adams, Paul Speegle, and Alan Trist. Adams was driving at ninety miles an hour when they hit a tight curve and crashed. Garcia, Adams, and Trist were all severely injured but survived. Speegle died. So it goes. This tragedy changed Garcia's attitudes totally. Of all his friends, Speegle was the one who was most serious about his art, and who treated it as something to work on. Garcia had always been someone who fundamentally didn't want to work or take any responsibility for anything. And he remained that way -- except for his music. Speegle's death changed Garcia's attitude to that, totally. If his friend wasn't going to be able to practice his own art any more, Garcia would practice his, in tribute to him. He resolved to become a virtuoso on guitar and banjo. His girlfriend of the time later said “I don't know if you've spent time with someone rehearsing ‘Foggy Mountain Breakdown' on a banjo for eight hours, but Jerry practiced endlessly. He really wanted to excel and be the best. He had tremendous personal ambition in the musical arena, and he wanted to master whatever he set out to explore. Then he would set another sight for himself. And practice another eight hours a day of new licks.” But of course, you can't make ensemble music on your own: [Excerpt: Jerry Garcia and Bob Hunter, "Oh Mary Don't You Weep" (including end)] "Evelyn said, “What is it called when a person needs a … person … when you want to be touched and the … two are like one thing and there isn't anything else at all anywhere?” Alicia, who had read books, thought about it. “Love,” she said at length." That's from More Than Human, by Theodore Sturgeon, a book I'll be quoting a few more times as the story goes on. Robert Hunter, like Garcia, was just out of the military -- in his case, the National Guard -- and he came into Garcia's life just after Paul Speegle had left it. Garcia and Alan Trist met Hunter ten days after the accident, and the three men started hanging out together, Trist and Hunter writing while Garcia played music. Garcia and Hunter both bonded over their shared love for the beats, and for traditional music, and the two formed a duo, Bob and Jerry, which performed together a handful of times. They started playing together, in fact, after Hunter picked up a guitar and started playing a song and halfway through Garcia took it off him and finished the song himself. The two of them learned songs from the Harry Smith Anthology -- Garcia was completely apolitical, and only once voted in his life, for Lyndon Johnson in 1964 to keep Goldwater out, and regretted even doing that, and so he didn't learn any of the more political material people like Pete Seeger, Phil Ochs, and Bob Dylan were doing at the time -- but their duo only lasted a short time because Hunter wasn't an especially good guitarist. Hunter would, though, continue to jam with Garcia and other friends, sometimes playing mandolin, while Garcia played solo gigs and with other musicians as well, playing and moving round the Bay Area and performing with whoever he could: [Excerpt: Jerry Garcia, "Railroad Bill"] "Bleshing, that was Janie's word. She said Baby told it to her. She said it meant everyone all together being something, even if they all did different things. Two arms, two legs, one body, one head, all working together, although a head can't walk and arms can't think. Lone said maybe it was a mixture of “blending” and “meshing,” but I don't think he believed that himself. It was a lot more than that." That's from More Than Human In 1961, Garcia and Hunter met another young musician, but one who was interested in a very different type of music. Phil Lesh was a serious student of modern classical music, a classically-trained violinist and trumpeter whose interest was solidly in the experimental and whose attitude can be summed up by a story that's always told about him meeting his close friend Tom Constanten for the first time. Lesh had been talking with someone about serialism, and Constanten had interrupted, saying "Music stopped being created in 1750 but it started again in 1950". Lesh just stuck out his hand, recognising a kindred spirit. Lesh and Constanten were both students of Luciano Berio, the experimental composer who created compositions for magnetic tape: [Excerpt: Luciano Berio, "Momenti"] Berio had been one of the founders of the Studio di fonologia musicale di Radio Milano, a studio for producing contemporary electronic music where John Cage had worked for a time, and he had also worked with the electronic music pioneer Karlheinz Stockhausen. Lesh would later remember being very impressed when Berio brought a tape into the classroom -- the actual multitrack tape for Stockhausen's revolutionary piece Gesang Der Juenglinge: [Excerpt: Karlheinz Stockhausen, "Gesang Der Juenglinge"] Lesh at first had been distrustful of Garcia -- Garcia was charismatic and had followers, and Lesh never liked people like that. But he was impressed by Garcia's playing, and soon realised that the two men, despite their very different musical interests, had a lot in common. Lesh was interested in the technology of music as well as in performing and composing it, and so when he wasn't studying he helped out by engineering at the university's radio station. Lesh was impressed by Garcia's playing, and suggested to the presenter of the station's folk show, the Midnight Special, that Garcia be a guest. Garcia was so good that he ended up getting an entire solo show to himself, where normally the show would feature multiple acts. Lesh and Constanten soon moved away from the Bay Area to Las Vegas, but both would be back -- in Constanten's case he would form an experimental group in San Francisco with their fellow student Steve Reich, and that group (though not with Constanten performing) would later premiere Terry Riley's In C, a piece influenced by La Monte Young and often considered one of the great masterpieces of minimalist music. By early 1962 Garcia and Hunter had formed a bluegrass band, with Garcia on guitar and banjo and Hunter on mandolin, and a rotating cast of other musicians including Ken Frankel, who played banjo and fiddle. They performed under different names, including the Tub Thumpers, the Hart Valley Drifters, and the Sleepy Valley Hog Stompers, and played a mixture of bluegrass and old-time music -- and were very careful about the distinction: [Excerpt: The Hart Valley Drifters, "Cripple Creek"] In 1993, the Republican political activist John Perry Barlow was invited to talk to the CIA about the possibilities open to them with what was then called the Information Superhighway. He later wrote, in part "They told me they'd brought Steve Jobs in a few weeks before to indoctrinate them in modern information management. And they were delighted when I returned later, bringing with me a platoon of Internet gurus, including Esther Dyson, Mitch Kapor, Tony Rutkowski, and Vint Cerf. They sealed us into an electronically impenetrable room to discuss the radical possibility that a good first step in lifting their blackout would be for the CIA to put up a Web site... We told them that information exchange was a barter system, and that to receive, one must also be willing to share. This was an alien notion to them. They weren't even willing to share information among themselves, much less the world." 1962 brought a new experience for Robert Hunter. Hunter had been recruited into taking part in psychological tests at Stanford University, which in the sixties and seventies was one of the preeminent universities for psychological experiments. As part of this, Hunter was given $140 to attend the VA hospital (where a janitor named Ken Kesey, who had himself taken part in a similar set of experiments a couple of years earlier, worked a day job while he was working on his first novel) for four weeks on the run, and take different psychedelic drugs each time, starting with LSD, so his reactions could be observed. (It was later revealed that these experiments were part of a CIA project called MKUltra, designed to investigate the possibility of using psychedelic drugs for mind control, blackmail, and torture. Hunter was quite lucky in that he was told what was going to happen to him and paid for his time. Other subjects included the unlucky customers of brothels the CIA set up as fronts -- they dosed the customers' drinks and observed them through two-way mirrors. Some of their experimental subjects died by suicide as a result of their experiences. So it goes. ) Hunter was interested in taking LSD after reading Aldous Huxley's writings about psychedelic substances, and he brought his typewriter along to the experiment. During the first test, he wrote a six-page text, a short excerpt from which is now widely quoted, reading in part "Sit back picture yourself swooping up a shell of purple with foam crests of crystal drops soft nigh they fall unto the sea of morning creep-very-softly mist ... and then sort of cascade tinkley-bell-like (must I take you by the hand, ever so slowly type) and then conglomerate suddenly into a peal of silver vibrant uncomprehendingly, blood singingly, joyously resounding bells" Hunter's experience led to everyone in their social circle wanting to try LSD, and soon they'd all come to the same conclusion -- this was something special. But Garcia needed money -- he'd got his girlfriend pregnant, and they'd married (this would be the first of several marriages in Garcia's life, and I won't be covering them all -- at Garcia's funeral, his second wife, Carolyn, said Garcia always called her the love of his life, and his first wife and his early-sixties girlfriend who he proposed to again in the nineties both simultaneously said "He said that to me!"). So he started teaching guitar at a music shop in Palo Alto. Hunter had no time for Garcia's incipient domesticity and thought that his wife was trying to make him live a conventional life, and the two drifted apart somewhat, though they'd still play together occasionally. Through working at the music store, Garcia got to know the manager, Troy Weidenheimer, who had a rock and roll band called the Zodiacs. Garcia joined the band on bass, despite that not being his instrument. He later said "Troy was a lot of fun, but I wasn't good enough a musician then to have been able to deal with it. I was out of my idiom, really, 'cause when I played with Troy I was playing electric bass, you know. I never was a good bass player. Sometimes I was playing in the wrong key and didn't even [fuckin'] know it. I couldn't hear that low, after playing banjo, you know, and going to electric...But Troy taught me the principle of, hey, you know, just stomp your foot and get on it. He was great. A great one for the instant arrangement, you know. And he was also fearless for that thing of get your friends to do it." Garcia's tenure in the Zodiacs didn't last long, nor did this experiment with rock and roll, but two other members of the Zodiacs will be notable later in the story -- the harmonica player, an old friend of Garcia's named Ron McKernan, who would soon gain the nickname Pig Pen after the Peanuts character, and the drummer, Bill Kreutzmann: [Excerpt: The Grateful Dead, "Drums/Space (Skull & Bones version)"] Kreutzmann said of the Zodiacs "Jerry was the hired bass player and I was the hired drummer. I only remember playing that one gig with them, but I was in way over my head. I always did that. I always played things that were really hard and it didn't matter. I just went for it." Garcia and Kreutzmann didn't really get to know each other then, but Garcia did get to know someone else who would soon be very important in his life. Bob Weir was from a very different background than Garcia, though both had the shared experience of long bouts of chronic illness as children. He had grown up in a very wealthy family, and had always been well-liked, but he was what we would now call neurodivergent -- reading books about the band he talks about being dyslexic but clearly has other undiagnosed neurodivergences, which often go along with dyslexia -- and as a result he was deemed to have behavioural problems which led to him getting expelled from pre-school and kicked out of the cub scouts. He was never academically gifted, thanks to his dyslexia, but he was always enthusiastic about music -- to a fault. He learned to play boogie piano but played so loudly and so often his parents sold the piano. He had a trumpet, but the neighbours complained about him playing it outside. Finally he switched to the guitar, an instrument with which it is of course impossible to make too loud a noise. The first song he learned was the Kingston Trio's version of an old sea shanty, "The Wreck of the John B": [Excerpt: The Kingston Trio, "The Wreck of the John B"] He was sent off to a private school in Colorado for teenagers with behavioural issues, and there he met the boy who would become his lifelong friend, John Perry Barlow. Unfortunately the two troublemakers got on with each other *so* well that after their first year they were told that it was too disruptive having both of them at the school, and only one could stay there the next year. Barlow stayed and Weir moved back to the Bay Area. By this point, Weir was getting more interested in folk music that went beyond the commercial folk of the Kingston Trio. As he said later "There was something in there that was ringing my bells. What I had grown up thinking of as hillbilly music, it started to have some depth for me, and I could start to hear the music in it. Suddenly, it wasn't just a bunch of ignorant hillbillies playing what they could. There was some depth and expertise and stuff like that to aspire to.” He moved from school to school but one thing that stayed with him was his love of playing guitar, and he started taking lessons from Troy Weidenheimer, but he got most of his education going to folk clubs and hootenannies. He regularly went to the Tangent, a club where Garcia played, but Garcia's bluegrass banjo playing was far too rigorous for a free spirit like Weir to emulate, and instead he started trying to copy one of the guitarists who was a regular there, Jorma Kaukonnen. On New Year's Eve 1963 Weir was out walking with his friends Bob Matthews and Rich Macauley, and they passed the music shop where Garcia was a teacher, and heard him playing his banjo. They knocked and asked if they could come in -- they all knew Garcia a little, and Bob Matthews was one of his students, having become interested in playing banjo after hearing the theme tune to the Beverly Hillbillies, played by the bluegrass greats Flatt and Scruggs: [Excerpt: Flatt and Scruggs, "The Beverly Hillbillies"] Garcia at first told these kids, several years younger than him, that they couldn't come in -- he was waiting for his students to show up. But Weir said “Jerry, listen, it's seven-thirty on New Year's Eve, and I don't think you're going to be seeing your students tonight.” Garcia realised the wisdom of this, and invited the teenagers in to jam with him. At the time, there was a bit of a renaissance in jug bands, as we talked about back in the episode on the Lovin' Spoonful. This was a form of music that had grown up in the 1920s, and was similar and related to skiffle and coffee-pot bands -- jug bands would tend to have a mixture of portable string instruments like guitars and banjos, harmonicas, and people using improvised instruments, particularly blowing into a jug. The most popular of these bands had been Gus Cannon's Jug Stompers, led by banjo player Gus Cannon and with harmonica player Noah Lewis: [Excerpt: Gus Cannon's Jug Stompers, "Viola Lee Blues"] With the folk revival, Cannon's work had become well-known again. The Rooftop Singers, a Kingston Trio style folk group, had had a hit with his song "Walk Right In" in 1963, and as a result of that success Cannon had even signed a record contract with Stax -- Stax's first album ever, a month before Booker T and the MGs' first album, was in fact the eighty-year-old Cannon playing his banjo and singing his old songs. The rediscovery of Cannon had started a craze for jug bands, and the most popular of the new jug bands was Jim Kweskin's Jug Band, which did a mixture of old songs like "You're a Viper" and more recent material redone in the old style. Weir, Matthews, and Macauley had been to see the Kweskin band the night before, and had been very impressed, especially by their singer Maria D'Amato -- who would later marry her bandmate Geoff Muldaur and take his name -- and her performance of Leiber and Stoller's "I'm a Woman": [Excerpt: Jim Kweskin's Jug Band, "I'm a Woman"] Matthews suggested that they form their own jug band, and Garcia eagerly agreed -- though Matthews found himself rapidly moving from banjo to washboard to kazoo to second kazoo before realising he was surplus to requirements. Robert Hunter was similarly an early member but claimed he "didn't have the embouchure" to play the jug, and was soon also out. He moved to LA and started studying Scientology -- later claiming that he wanted science-fictional magic powers, which L. Ron Hubbard's new religion certainly offered. The group took the name Mother McRee's Uptown Jug Champions -- apparently they varied the spelling every time they played -- and had a rotating membership that at one time or another included about twenty different people, but tended always to have Garcia on banjo, Weir on jug and later guitar, and Garcia's friend Pig Pen on harmonica: [Excerpt: Mother McRee's Uptown Jug Champions, "On the Road Again"] The group played quite regularly in early 1964, but Garcia's first love was still bluegrass, and he was trying to build an audience with his bluegrass band, The Black Mountain Boys. But bluegrass was very unpopular in the Bay Area, where it was simultaneously thought of as unsophisticated -- as "hillbilly music" -- and as elitist, because it required actual instrumental ability, which wasn't in any great supply in the amateur folk scene. But instrumental ability was something Garcia definitely had, as at this point he was still practising eight hours a day, every day, and it shows on the recordings of the Black Mountain Boys: [Excerpt: The Black Mountain Boys, "Rosa Lee McFall"] By the summer, Bob Weir was also working at the music shop, and so Garcia let Weir take over his students while he and the Black Mountain Boys' guitarist Sandy Rothman went on a road trip to see as many bluegrass musicians as they could and to audition for Bill Monroe himself. As it happened, Garcia found himself too shy to audition for Monroe, but Rothman later ended up playing with Monroe's Blue Grass Boys. On his return to the Bay Area, Garcia resumed playing with the Uptown Jug Champions, but Pig Pen started pestering him to do something different. While both men had overlapping tastes in music and a love for the blues, Garcia's tastes had always been towards the country end of the spectrum while Pig Pen's were towards R&B. And while the Uptown Jug Champions were all a bit disdainful of the Beatles at first -- apart from Bob Weir, the youngest of the group, who thought they were interesting -- Pig Pen had become enamoured of another British band who were just starting to make it big: [Excerpt: The Rolling Stones, "Not Fade Away"] 29) Garcia liked the first Rolling Stones album too, and he eventually took Pig Pen's point -- the stuff that the Rolling Stones were doing, covers of Slim Harpo and Buddy Holly, was not a million miles away from the material they were doing as Mother McRee's Uptown Jug Champions. Pig Pen could play a little electric organ, Bob had been fooling around with the electric guitars in the music shop. Why not give it a go? The stuff bands like the Rolling Stones were doing wasn't that different from the electric blues that Pig Pen liked, and they'd all seen A Hard Day's Night -- they could carry on playing with banjos, jugs, and kazoos and have the respect of a handful of folkies, or they could get electric instruments and potentially have screaming girls and millions of dollars, while playing the same songs. This was a convincing argument, especially when Dana Morgan Jr, the son of the owner of the music shop, told them they could have free electric instruments if they let him join on bass. Morgan wasn't that great on bass, but what the hell, free instruments. Pig Pen had the best voice and stage presence, so he became the frontman of the new group, singing most of the leads, though Jerry and Bob would both sing a few songs, and playing harmonica and organ. Weir was on rhythm guitar, and Garcia was the lead guitarist and obvious leader of the group. They just needed a drummer, and handily Bill Kreutzmann, who had played with Garcia and Pig Pen in the Zodiacs, was also now teaching music at the music shop. Not only that, but about three weeks before they decided to go electric, Kreutzmann had seen the Uptown Jug Champions performing and been astonished by Garcia's musicianship and charisma, and said to himself "Man, I'm gonna follow that guy forever!" The new group named themselves the Warlocks, and started rehearsing in earnest. Around this time, Garcia also finally managed to get some of the LSD that his friend Robert Hunter had been so enthusiastic about three years earlier, and it was a life-changing experience for him. In particular, he credited LSD with making him comfortable being a less disciplined player -- as a bluegrass player he'd had to be frighteningly precise, but now he was playing rock and needed to loosen up. A few days after taking LSD for the first time, Garcia also heard some of Bob Dylan's new material, and realised that the folk singer he'd had little time for with his preachy politics was now making electric music that owed a lot more to the Beat culture Garcia considered himself part of: [Excerpt: Bob Dylan, "Subterranean Homesick Blues"] Another person who was hugely affected by hearing that was Phil Lesh, who later said "I couldn't believe that was Bob Dylan on AM radio, with an electric band. It changed my whole consciousness: if something like that could happen, the sky was the limit." Up to that point, Lesh had been focused entirely on his avant-garde music, working with friends like Steve Reich to push music forward, inspired by people like John Cage and La Monte Young, but now he realised there was music of value in the rock world. He'd quickly started going to rock gigs, seeing the Rolling Stones and the Byrds, and then he took acid and went to see his friend Garcia's new electric band play their third ever gig. He was blown away, and very quickly it was decided that Lesh would be the group's new bass player -- though everyone involved tells a different story as to who made the decision and how it came about, and accounts also vary as to whether Dana Morgan took his sacking gracefully and let his erstwhile bandmates keep their instruments, or whether they had to scrounge up some new ones. Lesh had never played bass before, but he was a talented multi-instrumentalist with a deep understanding of music and an ability to compose and improvise, and the repertoire the Warlocks were playing in the early days was mostly three-chord material that doesn't take much rehearsal -- though it was apparently beyond the abilities of poor Dana Morgan, who apparently had to be told note-by-note what to play by Garcia, and learn it by rote. Garcia told Lesh what notes the strings of a bass were tuned to, told him to borrow a guitar and practice, and within two weeks he was on stage with the Warlocks: [Excerpt: The Grateful Dead, “Grayfolded"] In September 1995, just weeks after Jerry Garcia's death, an article was published in Mute magazine identifying a cultural trend that had shaped the nineties, and would as it turned out shape at least the next thirty years. It's titled "The Californian Ideology", though it may be better titled "The Bay Area Ideology", and it identifies a worldview that had grown up in Silicon Valley, based around the ideas of the hippie movement, of right-wing libertarianism, of science fiction authors, and of Marshall McLuhan. It starts "There is an emerging global orthodoxy concerning the relation between society, technology and politics. We have called this orthodoxy `the Californian Ideology' in honour of the state where it originated. By naturalising and giving a technological proof to a libertarian political philosophy, and therefore foreclosing on alternative futures, the Californian Ideologues are able to assert that social and political debates about the future have now become meaningless. The California Ideology is a mix of cybernetics, free market economics, and counter-culture libertarianism and is promulgated by magazines such as WIRED and MONDO 2000 and preached in the books of Stewart Brand, Kevin Kelly and others. The new faith has been embraced by computer nerds, slacker students, 30-something capitalists, hip academics, futurist bureaucrats and even the President of the USA himself. As usual, Europeans have not been slow to copy the latest fashion from America. While a recent EU report recommended adopting the Californian free enterprise model to build the 'infobahn', cutting-edge artists and academics have been championing the 'post-human' philosophy developed by the West Coast's Extropian cult. With no obvious opponents, the global dominance of the Californian ideology appears to be complete." [Excerpt: Grayfolded] The Warlocks' first gig with Phil Lesh on bass was on June the 18th 1965, at a club called Frenchy's with a teenage clientele. Lesh thought his playing had been wooden and it wasn't a good gig, and apparently the management of Frenchy's agreed -- they were meant to play a second night there, but turned up to be told they'd been replaced by a band with an accordion and clarinet. But by September the group had managed to get themselves a residency at a small bar named the In Room, and playing there every night made them cohere. They were at this point playing the kind of sets that bar bands everywhere play to this day, though at the time the songs they were playing, like "Gloria" by Them and "In the Midnight Hour", were the most contemporary of hits. Another song that they introduced into their repertoire was "Do You Believe in Magic" by the Lovin' Spoonful, another band which had grown up out of former jug band musicians. As well as playing their own sets, they were also the house band at The In Room and as such had to back various touring artists who were the headline acts. The first act they had to back up was Cornell Gunter's version of the Coasters. Gunter had brought his own guitarist along as musical director, and for the first show Weir sat in the audience watching the show and learning the parts, staring intently at this musical director's playing. After seeing that, Weir's playing was changed, because he also picked up how the guitarist was guiding the band while playing, the small cues that a musical director will use to steer the musicians in the right direction. Weir started doing these things himself when he was singing lead -- Pig Pen was the frontman but everyone except Bill sang sometimes -- and the group soon found that rather than Garcia being the sole leader, now whoever was the lead singer for the song was the de facto conductor as well. By this point, the Bay Area was getting almost overrun with people forming electric guitar bands, as every major urban area in America was. Some of the bands were even having hits already -- We Five had had a number three hit with "You Were On My Mind", a song which had originally been performed by the folk duo Ian and Sylvia: [Excerpt: We Five, "You Were On My Mind"] Although the band that was most highly regarded on the scene, the Charlatans, was having problems with the various record companies they tried to get signed to, and didn't end up making a record until 1969. If tracks like "Number One" had been released in 1965 when they were recorded, the history of the San Francisco music scene may have taken a very different turn: [Excerpt: The Charlatans, "Number One"] Bands like Jefferson Airplane, the Great Society, and Big Brother and the Holding Company were also forming, and Autumn Records was having a run of success with records by the Beau Brummels, whose records were produced by Autumn's in-house A&R man, Sly Stone: [Excerpt: The Beau Brummels, "Laugh Laugh"] The Warlocks were somewhat cut off from this, playing in a dive bar whose clientele was mostly depressed alcoholics. But the fact that they were playing every night for an audience that didn't care much gave them freedom, and they used that freedom to improvise. Both Lesh and Garcia were big fans of John Coltrane, and they started to take lessons from his style of playing. When the group played "Gloria" or "Midnight Hour" or whatever, they started to extend the songs and give themselves long instrumental passages for soloing. Garcia's playing wasn't influenced *harmonically* by Coltrane -- in fact Garcia was always a rather harmonically simple player. He'd tend to play lead lines either in Mixolydian mode, which is one of the most standard modes in rock, pop, blues, and jazz, or he'd play the notes of the chord that was being played, so if the band were playing a G chord his lead would emphasise the notes G, B, and D. But what he was influenced by was Coltrane's tendency to improvise in long, complex, phrases that made up a single thought -- Coltrane was thinking musically in paragraphs, rather than sentences, and Garcia started to try the same kind of th