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"We can overestimate and underestimate how much things changed when Xi Jinping took power, but the intensity of concern over historical narratives has definitely grown under his leadership." - Jeffrey WasserstromIn this episode, Jeremiah and David are joined by Jeffrey Wasserstrom, Chancellor's Professor of History at the University of California, Irvine, and a leading expert in modern Chinese history. We discuss the legacies of the Hong Kong protests, the rise of Xi Jinping's historical narrative control, and how academic engagement with China is evolving amidst growing geopolitical tensions.Professor Wasserstrom delves into the shifts in how history is managed in China, particularly the tightening control under Xi Jinping's regime. He elaborates on Xi's new patriotic education law, which codifies the regime's control over historical narratives to align with national security. We also examine the challenges academics face when giving talks on sensitive topics and the growing restrictions on public discourse in Hong Kong since the imposition of the national security law.Further Reading/Links:Jeffrey Wasserstrom, Vigil: Hong Kong on the Brink Maura Cunnigham and Jeffrey Wasserstrom, China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know Follow Jeffrey Wasserstrom on Twitter @jwassers

Jeremiah and David welcome historian Jeffrey Wasserstrom to the show. Jeff is Chancellor's Professor of History at the UC Irvine, and is not only a prolific academic scholar, but also one of the most sought after China analysts appearing on mainstream news media outlets such as BBC and NPR.  His most recent book, Vigil: Hong Kong on the Brink, documents the recent political unrest in Hong Kong, putting the movement into historical context. On today’s show, we delve into Jeff’s current project, which is a reevaluation of the Boxer War of 1899-1901. The conversation draws parallels between the xenophobia and anti-foreign sentiment in China during the Boxer incident and thenationalistic and racial divisions between China and the West engendered by the Coronavirus crisis. ----- Jeffrey Wasserstrom and Maura Cunningham, China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know Wu Fei and Abigail Washburn, Wu Fei and Abigail Washburn Zi Zhongyun, "Viral Alarm" (translated by Geremie R. Barmé) 7.0.1

Demonstrations that started peacefully in Hong Kong more than six months ago have grown increasingly confrontational. On December 10, Professor Jeffrey Wasserstrom of the University of California, Irvine, called in from Hong Kong to deliver his thoughts and observations from the ground to a National Committee teleconference. A long time analyst of protest in pre-1949 China and different parts of the PRC in recent decades, he traveled to Hong Kong in early December, after having last been there in early June when protests began, and shared his perspective on recent events and what he heard and learned from people who have been living through them.   Jeffrey Wasserstrom is Chancellor’s Professor of History at the University of California, Irvine, where he also holds courtesy appointments in Law and in Literary Journalism. He has just completed work on Vigil: Hong Kong on the Brink, a short book that will be published in February 2020 by Columbia Global Reports. His past books include China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know (co-authored by Maura Elizabeth Cunningham), the third edition of which came out from Oxford University Press in 2018, and Student Protests in Twentieth-Century China: The View from Shanghai (Stanford, 1991). A former member of the Board of Directors of the National Committee, he writes regularly for newspapers, magazines and scholarly journals.

As the twentieth century drew to a close, Hong Kong, recently transformed into a Special Administrative Region of the PRC, seemed a city totally unlike any of its neighbors. Many observers were surprised by how light a touch Beijing seemed to be exerting in the wake of the 1997 handover, and the striking contrast between what could be said, done, and published in Hong Kong, compared to mainland metropolitan cities such as Shanghai and Shenzhen. Since the 20th anniversary of Hong Kong's return to Chinese rule in 2017, controls have tightened dramatically amid fears of tighter political censorship and enhanced self-censorship. However, with the anniversary of the June 4th Massacre approaching, Hong Kong is still the only place on PRC soil where it can be discussed and marked in public. In 2019, what was once a chasm between civic life in Hong Kong and cities such as Guangzhou and Beijing is rapidly closing. What does the future hold for Hong Kong? Will it become just another Chinese city that makes up the Greater Bay Area? The speakers, who have been tracking issues relating to higher education, journalism, protest, and the arts, address Hong Kong's future under Chinese rule. Denise Y. Ho is assistant professor of twentieth-century Chinese history at Yale University. She is an historian of modern China, with a particular focus on the social and cultural history of the Mao period (1949-1976). Her first book, Curating Revolution: Politics on Display in Mao’s China, appeared with Cambridge University Press in 2018. She is also co-editing a volume with Jennifer Altehenger of King’s College London on the material culture of the Mao period. Dr. Ho is currently at work on a new research project on Hong Kong and China, entitled Cross-Border Relations. Louisa Lim is an award-winning journalist who grew up in Hong Kong and reported from China for a decade for NPR and the BBC. She is a senior lecturer in audiovisual journalism at the University of Melbourne, and is currently a visiting fellow at the University of Hong Kong. She also co-hosts The Little Red Podcast, a podcast about China beyond the Beijing beltway, which won the News & Current Affairs award at the 2018 Australian Podcast Awards. Her writing about Hong Kong has appeared in the anthology Hong Kong 20/20: Reflections from a Borrowed Place, as well as The New York Times and The New Yorker, and she is the author of The People’s Republic of Amnesia: Tiananmen Revisited (Oxford University Press, 2014), which was shortlisted for the Orwell Prize and the Helen Bernstein Award for Excellence in Journalism. Jeffrey Wasserstrom is Chancellor’s Professor of History at UC Irvine. His most recent book is the third edition of China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford, 2018), which he coauthored with Maura Cunningham. In addition to contributing to academic venues, he has written many reviews and commentaries for newspapers, magazines, and journals of opinion, including pieces on Hong Kong that have appeared in The Atlantic, The Nation, the Los Angeles Times, and the Los Angeles Review of Books. He is on the editorial board of Dissent magazine, serves as an academic editor for the China Channel of the Los Angeles Review of Books, and is a former member of the Board of Directors of the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations.

After being inaugurated as president of the People’s Republic of China five years ago, no single leader in modern Chinese history since Mao Zedong has assumed more power, or sizably projected his personal influence both domestically and internationally. Calling for a national rejuvenation, Xi has pledged to expand the middle class, and make more reforms for increased foreign investment. In foreign policy, Xi’s China has become more assertive. China has deployed its military overseas for the first time since 1950, and made claims to territory in the East and South China Seas. It’s also committed to billions of dollars in foreign aide for developing nations. In October 2017, the Chinese Communist Party abolished five year term limits, paving the way for Xi to rule beyond 2022. What does his leadership mean for the political and economic future of China, and superpower relations with the United States? Participants: Elizabeth Economy is the C. V. Starr senior fellow and director for Asia studies at the Council on Foreign Relations. She is an acclaimed author and expert on Chinese domestic and foreign policy, writing on topics ranging from China’s environmental challenges to its resource quest. She has published articles in foreign policy and scholarly journals including Foreign Affairs, Harvard Business Review, Foreign Policy, New York Times, Washington Post, and Wall Street Journal. She is the author of “By All Means Necessary: How China’s Resource Quest is Changing the World,” the award wining “The River Runs Black: The Environmental Challenge to China’s Future,” and “The Third Revolution: Xi Jinping and the New Chinese State,” which analyzes the contradictory nature of reform under President Xi Jinping. Jeffrey Wasserstrom is Chancellor’s Professor of History at the University of California, Irvine. His most recent book, coauthored with Maura Elizabeth Cunningham, is the third edition of “China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know,” published by Oxford. His other books include, as author, “Eight Juxtapositions: China through Imperfect Analogies from Mark Twain to Manchukuo,” and, as editor, “The Oxford Illustrated History of Modern China.” An Associate Fellow of the Asia Society, he has served on the Board of Directors of the National Committee on United States-China Relations, is Editor of The Journal of Asian Studies, Advising Editor for Asia for The Los Angeles Review of Books, and a member of Dissent magazine’s Editorial Board. His commentaries and reviews have appeared in many general interest periodicals, including The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Financial Times, Internazionale, Time, Slate, The American Scholar, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, The Nation, and The Times Literary Supplement. Jonathan Movroydis (moderator) is director of research at the Richard Nixon Foundation. Filmed at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum on June 26, 2018.

What are the challenges that will have the most impact on India's future? Award-winning author Mira Kamdar puts climate change and environmental degradion at the top of the list, including rising sea levels and scarcity of resources. Next is the problem of poverty and unemployment--India has to generate nearly a million new jobs a month for young people joining the workforce. Kamdar also discusses the rise of Hindu nationalism and much more.

What are the challenges that will have the most impact on India's future? Award-winning author Mira Kamdar puts climate change and environmental degradion at the top of the list, including rising sea levels and scarcity of resources. Next is the problem of poverty and unemployment--India has to generate nearly a million new jobs a month for young people joining the workforce. Kamdar also discusses the rise of Hindu nationalism and much more.

“Knowing about China,” Maura Elizabeth Cunningham and Jeffrey Wasserstrom note in the preface to China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford University Press, 2018), is today “an essential part of being an engaged citizen” (p. xvii), and this is a difficult statement to disagree with. Yet as the authors also acknowledge, explaining ‘what everyone needs to know' about the country is a daunting proposition, particularly at this highly unpredictable point in world history. Yet this fully revised edition of China in the 21st Century tackles the major issues head-on, interweaving context from China's recent and more distant pasts with present-day insights, and illuminating events, figures and periods little known outside China but of vital importance within the country. Conversely, the co-authors also expertly puncture many of our preconceived ideas about China's past and present, not shirking the kind of big questions which would have many commentators or academics fleeing for the hills, from Confucius to the Cultural Revolution, Mao to Market-Leninism. Seasoned veterans and novices to Chinese affairs alike will learn a lot from this book which, supplemented by a rich trove of references for further reading, offers new ways of looking at a too-often-misunderstood country.

“Knowing about China,” Maura Elizabeth Cunningham and Jeffrey Wasserstrom note in the preface to China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford University Press, 2018), is today “an essential part of being an engaged citizen” (p. xvii), and this is a difficult statement to disagree with. Yet... Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/chinese-studies

“Knowing about China,” Maura Elizabeth Cunningham and Jeffrey Wasserstrom note in the preface to China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford University Press, 2018), is today “an essential part of being an engaged citizen” (p. xvii), and this is a difficult statement to disagree with. Yet as the authors also acknowledge, explaining ‘what everyone needs to know’ about the country is a daunting proposition, particularly at this highly unpredictable point in world history. Yet this fully revised edition of China in the 21st Century tackles the major issues head-on, interweaving context from China’s recent and more distant pasts with present-day insights, and illuminating events, figures and periods little known outside China but of vital importance within the country. Conversely, the co-authors also expertly puncture many of our preconceived ideas about China’s past and present, not shirking the kind of big questions which would have many commentators or academics fleeing for the hills, from Confucius to the Cultural Revolution, Mao to Market-Leninism. Seasoned veterans and novices to Chinese affairs alike will learn a lot from this book which, supplemented by a rich trove of references for further reading, offers new ways of looking at a too-often-misunderstood country. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

“Knowing about China,” Maura Elizabeth Cunningham and Jeffrey Wasserstrom note in the preface to China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford University Press, 2018), is today “an essential part of being an engaged citizen” (p. xvii), and this is a difficult statement to disagree with. Yet as the authors also acknowledge, explaining ‘what everyone needs to know’ about the country is a daunting proposition, particularly at this highly unpredictable point in world history. Yet this fully revised edition of China in the 21st Century tackles the major issues head-on, interweaving context from China’s recent and more distant pasts with present-day insights, and illuminating events, figures and periods little known outside China but of vital importance within the country. Conversely, the co-authors also expertly puncture many of our preconceived ideas about China’s past and present, not shirking the kind of big questions which would have many commentators or academics fleeing for the hills, from Confucius to the Cultural Revolution, Mao to Market-Leninism. Seasoned veterans and novices to Chinese affairs alike will learn a lot from this book which, supplemented by a rich trove of references for further reading, offers new ways of looking at a too-often-misunderstood country. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

“Knowing about China,” Maura Elizabeth Cunningham and Jeffrey Wasserstrom note in the preface to China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford University Press, 2018), is today “an essential part of being an engaged citizen” (p. xvii), and this is a difficult statement to disagree with. Yet... Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

“Knowing about China,” Maura Elizabeth Cunningham and Jeffrey Wasserstrom note in the preface to China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford University Press, 2018), is today “an essential part of being an engaged citizen” (p. xvii), and this is a difficult statement to disagree with. Yet as the authors also acknowledge, explaining ‘what everyone needs to know’ about the country is a daunting proposition, particularly at this highly unpredictable point in world history. Yet this fully revised edition of China in the 21st Century tackles the major issues head-on, interweaving context from China’s recent and more distant pasts with present-day insights, and illuminating events, figures and periods little known outside China but of vital importance within the country. Conversely, the co-authors also expertly puncture many of our preconceived ideas about China’s past and present, not shirking the kind of big questions which would have many commentators or academics fleeing for the hills, from Confucius to the Cultural Revolution, Mao to Market-Leninism. Seasoned veterans and novices to Chinese affairs alike will learn a lot from this book which, supplemented by a rich trove of references for further reading, offers new ways of looking at a too-often-misunderstood country. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

“Knowing about China,” Maura Elizabeth Cunningham and Jeffrey Wasserstrom note in the preface to China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford University Press, 2018), is today “an essential part of being an engaged citizen” (p. xvii), and this is a difficult statement to disagree with. Yet as the authors also acknowledge, explaining ‘what everyone needs to know’ about the country is a daunting proposition, particularly at this highly unpredictable point in world history. Yet this fully revised edition of China in the 21st Century tackles the major issues head-on, interweaving context from China’s recent and more distant pasts with present-day insights, and illuminating events, figures and periods little known outside China but of vital importance within the country. Conversely, the co-authors also expertly puncture many of our preconceived ideas about China’s past and present, not shirking the kind of big questions which would have many commentators or academics fleeing for the hills, from Confucius to the Cultural Revolution, Mao to Market-Leninism. Seasoned veterans and novices to Chinese affairs alike will learn a lot from this book which, supplemented by a rich trove of references for further reading, offers new ways of looking at a too-often-misunderstood country. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The recent proposal to remove presidential term limits in China has prompted questions about the country’s future development, and the historical legacy of China’s past authoritarian leaders seems relevant once again. How should we understand the current direction of China’s political culture? In a newly revised and updated book, modern China historians Jeffrey Wasserstrom and Maura Cunningham review the key historical trends that have shaped China’s development in the 21st century. From Confucian thought to U.S.-China relations under Trump and Xi, China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know, third edition, provides essential knowledge for understanding the world’s emerging superpower. Dr. Cunningham and Dr. Wasserstrom discussed their book and how to understand contemporary China in historical perspective with the National Committee on March 27, 2018.    Maura Elizabeth Cunningham is a writer and historian of modern China. She is a graduate of Saint Joseph’s University (B.A.), Yale University (M.A.), the Hopkins-Nanjing Center for Chinese and American Studies (graduate certificate), and the University of California, Irvine (Ph.D.), as well as of Chinese language programs in Beijing and Hangzhou. Dr. Cunningham’s dissertation was a social and cultural history of child welfare in 20th-century Shanghai; she is currently working on a book about children’s cartoonist Zhang Leping. In 2016, she moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan, to become the digital media manager at the Association for Asian Studies. Her work has appeared in the Wall Street Journal, the Financial Times, and the Los Angeles Review of Books, among other publications.    Jeffrey Wasserstrom is Chancellor’s Professor of History at UC Irvine, where he edits the Journal of Asian Studies; he also holds courtesy affiliations in the Law School and the Literary Journalism Program. Dr. Wasserstrom holds a bachelor’s degree from UC Santa Cruz, a master’s from Harvard, and a doctorate from Berkeley, and has written five books and edited or coedited several others. His most recent books as author and editor include, Eight Juxtapositions: China through Imperfect Analogies from Mark Twain to Manchukuoand the Oxford Illustrated History of Modern China. He was a co-founder of The China Beat blog (2008-2012) and is now an academic editor for the LARB’s China Channel.    

Om kraven på demokrati i Hongkong och om demonstrationerna kommer att spridas till Kinas fastland. Konflikt är på plats och hänger med studenter som ockuperat gatorna i centrala Hongkong. Hör röster från det stora tältlägret kring stadsdelen Admiralty, Peking och Stockholm. Om kampen för rösträtt och om hur man klarar studierna och revolutionen samtidigt. Vad kommer den kinesiska ledningen att göra? Slå ner det som kallats paraply-rörelsen, gå med på kraven eller som det ser ut just nu, bara vänta på att de tältande studenterna ska tröttna? Morgonrutinerna pågår för fullt på den fyrfiliga motorvägen som sedan en månad är förvandlad till ett gigantiskt tältläger. Timothy städar runt sitt tält. Det är viktigt att hålla ordning här i det som har blivit som ett eget litet samhälle. Timothy har varit här sedan den dramatiska kvällen för över en månad sedan. Då hade protesterna mot regeringen i Peking egentligen börjat ebba ut. Det som irriterade Hongkong-borna var beslutet att bara kandidater som först godkänts av kommunistpartiet skulle få ställa upp i valet av Hongkongs lokala ledare, kallad ”Chief executive”.  Men när polisen den 28:e september satte in tårgas och pepparsprej mot demonstranterna, då vällde ilskan fram igen. Tiotusentals människor tog gatan i besittning och har stannat där sedan dess. Konflikts Daniela Marquardt begav sig till Hongkong och mötte studenter som kämpar för en bättre framtid, kineser som avfärdar deras krav och aktivister från Himmelska fridens torg, som tror på det kinesiska kommunistpartiets förmåga att kompromissa. Följ med studenten Dylis från morgon till kväll i stadsdelen Admiralty. Möt Emily Lau som är Demokratiska partiets ordförande, Benny Tai som leder en av organisationerna som driver ockupationen och träffa många fler på Hongkongs gator, även de som är emot protesterna. För att diskutera det som händer i Hongkong och hur den kinesiska ledningen agerar finns Malin Oud som under många år har arbetat med frågor om mänskliga rättigheter i Kina och nu driver ett företag som jobbar med hållbarhet och ansvarsfullt företagande i Kina. ”Det är Kina som bestämmer”, säger Emily Lau och Sveriges Radios Kina-korrespondent David Carlqvist samtalar med kineser på Pekings gator om hur de ser på protesterna i Hongkong. Frågan är mycket känslig i Peking och informationen om vad som händer i Hongkong är hårt kontrollerad. Annie som har läst ekonomi i Stockholm och jobbar på börsen intervjuas av Gilda Hamidi-Nia. Hon är uppvuxen i Kina och tycker att demonstrationerna handlar om något annat än demokrati. Det är enbart missnöje över en allt sämre levnadsstandard. Det är dags att Peking visar vem som bestämmer, säger Annie. Hon är inspirerad av den kinesiske riskkapitalisten Eric X. Li som tycker att demokrati, det har fungerat bra i Europa och USA, men det är inte den enda vägen. Det kinesiska kommunistpartiet har visat att deras modell också fungerar genom att lyfta landet ur fattigdom sedan de tog över 1949. I Konflikt hör ni också aktivister som 1989 ledde protesterna på Himmelska fridens torg, som sedan slutade i en massaker då kinesiska trupper grep in. En av dem är Han Dongfang och han tycker att det stora problemet är den kinesiska oviljan att kompromissa. Men mycket är annorlunda idag, berättar Han Dongfang, bland annat pågår det tusentals strejker i Kina utan att den kinesiska ledningen skickar in trupper eller polis för att slå ned protesterna. En annan av de som ledde proteserna på Himmelska fridens torg 1989 är Wang Chaouhua. Hon blir rörd när hon ser alla de som protesterar i Hongkong och minns hur folket kom ut i maj 1989. De var så många att de kinesiska soldaterna hade svårt att röra sig. Wang Chaouhua berättar om att grunden för protesterna i Hongkong handlar om en protest mot kolonialism. Hongkong var brittiskt i 150 år, helt utan demokratiska system, nu ses Kina som den nya kolonisatören. Möt också advokaten Stephanie Leung som jobbar med medling i privata tvister. Hon betonar att paraplyrörelsen har åstadkommit något mycket värdefullt bara i och med att den ökat den politiska medvetenheten i Hongkong. Två intervjuer som inte fick plats i detta Konflikt finns här nedanför att lyssna på i sin helhet. Den ena är med den taiwanesiska sociologen Tunghung Ho som 1990 var en av de som ledde studentprotesterna i Taiwan som kallades Wild Lily rörelsen. De gjorde att landet valde att utvecklas i demokratisk riktning. Protesterna i Hongkong har haft politiska effekter även i Taiwan, berättar han. Den andra intervjun som finns nedan är med den amerikanske professorn i historia vid University of California, Jeffrey Wasserstrom. Han har skrivit boken ”China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know” och berättar bland annat om hur studenterna genom den kinesiska historien varit avgörande för den politiska utvecklingen, även för det kinesiska kommunistpartiet. Programledare: Daniela Marquardt daniela.marquardt@sr.se Producent: Jesper Lindau jesper.lindau@sr.se

Author of "China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know"

Jeffrey Wasserstrom, an expert on Shanghai history, is author of several works on China, including "Global Shanghai, 1850 – 2010: A History in Fragments" (2009) and "China's Brave New World and Other Tales for Global Times" (2007). His newest work, "China in the 21st Century: What Everyone Needs to Know," will be published by Oxford University Press in April. Recorded March 31, 2010.