Podcasts about oxford chaired

Part of the Colloquium on AI Ethics series presented by the Institute of Ethics in AI. This event is also part of the Humanities Cultural Programme, one of the founding stones for the future Stephen A. Schwarzman Centre for the Humanities. Imagine that two doctors in the same city give different diagnoses to identical patients - or that two judges in the same courthouse give different sentences to people who have committed the same crime. Suppose that different food inspectors give different ratings to indistinguishable restaurants - or that when a company is handling customer complaints, the resolution depends on who happens to be handling the particular complaint. Now imagine that the same doctor, the same judge, the same inspector, or the same company official makes different decisions, depending on whether it is morning or afternoon, or Monday rather than Wednesday. These are examples of noise: variability in judgments that should be identical. Noise contributes significantly to errors in all fields, including medicine, law, economic forecasting, police behavior, food safety, bail, security checks at airports, strategy, and personnel selection. Algorithms reduce noise - which is a very good thing. Background reading: two papers (i) https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3300171; (ii) https://hbr.org/2016/10/noise Speakers Professor Cass Sunstein (Harvard Law School) Commentators: Professor Ruth Chang (Faculty of Law, University of Oxford) and Professor Sir Nigel Shadbolt (Jesus College, Oxford and Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford) Chaired by Professor John Tasioulas (inaugural Director for the Institute for Ethics and AI, and Professor of Ethics and Legal Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford). Biographies: Professor Cass Sunstein is currently the Robert Walmsley University Professor at Harvard. He is the founder and director of the Program on Behavioral Economics and Public Policy at Harvard Law School. In 2018, he received the Holberg Prize from the government of Norway, sometimes described as the equivalent of the Nobel Prize for law and the humanities. In 2020, the World Health Organization appointed him as Chair of its technical advisory group on Behavioural Insights and Sciences for Health. From 2009 to 2012, he was Administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, and after that, he served on the President's Review Board on Intelligence and Communications Technologies and on the Pentagon's Defense Innovation Board. Mr. Sunstein has testified before congressional committees on many subjects, and he has advised officials at the United Nations, the European Commission, the World Bank, and many nations on issues of law and public policy. He serves as an adviser to the Behavioural Insights Team in the United Kingdom. Professor Sir Nigel Shadbolt is Principal of Jesus College Oxford and a Professor of Computer Science at the University of Oxford. He has researched and published on topics in artificial intelligence, cognitive science and computational neuroscience. In 2009 he was appointed along with Sir Tim Berners-Lee as Information Advisor to the UK Government. This work led to the release of many thousands of public sector data sets as open data. In 2010 he was appointed by the Coalition Government to the UK Public Sector Transparency Board which oversaw the continued release of Government open data. Nigel continues to advise Government in a number of roles. Professor Shadbolt is Chairman and Co-founder of the Open Data Institute (ODI), based in Shoreditch, London. The ODI specialised in the exploitation of Open Data supporting innovation, training and research in both the UK and internationally. Professor Ruth Chang is the Chair and Professor of Jurisprudence and a Professorial Fellow of University College. Before coming to Oxford, she was Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University, New Brunswick in New Jersey, USA. Before that she was a visiting philosophy professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, and a visiting law professor at the University of Chicago. During this period she also held a Junior Research Fellowship at Balliol College where she was completing her D.Phil. in philosophy. She has held fellowships at Harvard, Princeton, Stanford, and the National Humanities Center and serves on boards of a number of journals. She has a J.D. from Harvard Law School. Her expertise concerns philosophical questions relating to the nature of value, value conflict, decision-making, rationality, the exercise of agency, and choice. Her work has been the subject of interviews by various media outlets in the U.S., Canada, the U.K., Germany, Taiwan, Australia, Italy, Israel, Brazil, New Zealand, and Austria, and she has been a consultant or lecturer for institutions ranging from video gaming to pharmaceuticals to the CIA and World Bank. Professor John Tasioulas is the inaugural Director for the Institute for Ethics and AI, and Professor of Ethics and Legal Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford. Professor Tasioulas was at The Dickson Poon School of Law, Kings College London, from 2014, as the inaugural Chair of Politics, Philosophy & Law and Director of the Yeoh Tiong Lay Centre for Politics, Philosophy & Law. He has degrees in Law and Philosophy from the University of Melbourne, and a D.Phil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, where he studied as a Rhodes Scholar. He was previously a Lecturer in Jurisprudence at the University of Glasgow, and Reader in Moral and Legal Philosophy at the University of Oxford, where he taught from 1998-2010. He has also acted as a consultant on human rights for the World Bank.

Henrik Ibsen's drama is the most prominent and lasting contribution of the cultural surge seen in Scandinavian literature in the later nineteenth century. When he made his debut in Norway in 1850, the nation's literary presence was negligible, yet by 1890 Ibsen had become one of Europe's most famous authors. Contrary to the standard narrative of his move from restrictive provincial origins to liberating European exile, Narve Fulsas and Tore Rem show how Ibsen's trajectory was preconditioned on his continued embeddedness in Scandinavian society and culture, and that he experienced great success in his home markets. This volume traces how Ibsen's works first travelled outside Scandinavia and studies the mechanisms of his appropriation in Germany, Britain and France. Engaging with theories of book dissemination and world literature, and re-assessing the emergence of 'peripheral' literary nations, this book provides new perspectives on the work of this major figure of European literature and theatre. Narve and Tore will be joined an expert panel to discuss the book and its themes, Professor Kirsten Shepherd-Barr (St Catherine's, Oxford), Professor Julia Mannherz (Oriel, Oxford) Chaired by Professor Peter McDonald (St Hugh's, Oxford).

A Book at Lunchtime seminar with Natalia Nowakowska, Somerville College, University of Oxford, Professor Julia Mannherz (Oriel, Oxford) Professor Hannah Skoda (St John’s, Oxford) Chaired by Professor Katherine Lebow (Christ Church, Oxford). Alongside the Renaissance dynasties of the Tudors, Valois, Habsburgs, and Medici once stood the Jagiellonians. Largely forgotten in Britain, their memory remains a powerful element within modern Europe. Remembering the Jagiellonians is the first study of international memories of the Jagiellonians (1386–1596), one of the most powerful but lesser known royal dynasties of Renaissance Europe. It explores how the Jagiellon family has been remembered across Central, Eastern and Northern Europe since the early modern period. The book considers their ongoing role in modern-day culture and politics and their impact on the development of competing modern national identities Offering a wide-ranging panoramic analysis of Jagiellonian memory over five hundred years, this book includes coverage of numerous present-day European countries, ranging from Bavaria to Kiev, and from Stockholm to the Adriatic. It explores how one family are still remembered in over a dozen neighbouring countries. Contributors use memory theory, social science and medieval and early modern European history to engage in an international and interdisciplinary exploration of the relationship between memory and dynasty through time. Edited by Natalia Nowakowska, Fellow and Associate Professor in History at Somerville College, University of Oxford, and Principal Investigator of the European Research Council (ERC) funded project 'Jagiellonians: Dynasty, Memory and Identity in Central Europe'. Her previous publications include King Sigismund and Martin Luther: The Reformation before Confessionalization (2018) and Church, State and Dynasty in Renaissance Poland: The Career of Cardinal Fryderyk Jagiellon (1468-1503) (2007). Contributors: Natalia Nowakowska, Giedre Mickunaite, Stanislava Kuzmova, Ilya Afanasyev, Dusan Zupka, Susanna Niiranen, Simon M. Lewis, Tetiana Hoshko, Olga Kozubska-Andrusiv

The Trolley Problem: Has the Obsession with Sacrificial Dilemmas Derailed Moral Psychology? Professor David Pizarro (Psychology, Cornell) Professor Guy Kahane (Philosophy, Oxford) Chaired by Dr Sophia Connell (Philosophy, Cambridge) Abstracts: Trolley dilemmas and their variants have utterly dominated recent work in empirical moral psychology. It is assumed that such dilemmas shed light on psychological basis of the fundamental ethical division between utilitarian and deontological approaches to ethics. Prof Pizarro and Dr Kahane will address this assumption, and discuss the original philosophical purposes of trolley dilemmas, empirical findings from studies employing such dilemmas, and methodological alternatives. About the speakers: Prof Pizarro is a leading researcher in the area of moral judgments, intuitions, and biases. He also studies the influence of emotion on decision-making, with a particular focus on how specific emotions (e.g., disgust, fear) impact information processing and interpersonal judgments. Dr Kahane is the Deputy Director of the Oxford Centre for Neuroethics and Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics. He is a Research Fellow at Pembroke College and a recipient of a Wellcome Trust University Award. His research areas include practical ethics, neuroethics, meta-ethics, and value theory.

The Trolley Problem: Has the Obsession with Sacrificial Dilemmas Derailed Moral Psychology? Professor David Pizarro (Psychology, Cornell) Professor Guy Kahane (Philosophy, Oxford) Chaired by Dr Sophia Connell (Philosophy, Cambridge) Abstracts: Trolley dilemmas and their variants have utterly dominated recent work in empirical moral psychology. It is assumed that such dilemmas shed light on psychological basis of the fundamental ethical division between utilitarian and deontological approaches to ethics. Prof Pizarro and Dr Kahane will address this assumption, and discuss the original philosophical purposes of trolley dilemmas, empirical findings from studies employing such dilemmas, and methodological alternatives. About the speakers: Prof Pizarro is a leading researcher in the area of moral judgments, intuitions, and biases. He also studies the influence of emotion on decision-making, with a particular focus on how specific emotions (e.g., disgust, fear) impact information processing and interpersonal judgments. Dr Kahane is the Deputy Director of the Oxford Centre for Neuroethics and Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics. He is a Research Fellow at Pembroke College and a recipient of a Wellcome Trust University Award. His research areas include practical ethics, neuroethics, meta-ethics, and value theory.

Professor Jesse Prinz (Philosophy, City University of New York) Professor Molly Crockett (Neuroscience, University of Oxford) Chaired by Dr Simone Schnall (Psychology, University of Cambridge) Abstract Empathy is widely and increasingly heralded as an essential ingredient of morality. It is said to be necessary for moral development, moral motivation, and even for comprehending the moral domain. But is empathy really important for morality? Prof Jesse Prinz and Prof Molly Crockett will address these claims and engage in a discussion and Q&A session. Prof Prinz argues that empathy is in fact not necessary for morality, and it may even be harmful. Because empathy can bias us towards our near and dear, and blind us to demands of justice, we should look beyond empathy in developing recommendations about how to instill moral competence and encourage moral commitment. For Prof Crockett, answering the question of whether empathy is necessary to morality has been difficult due to the limitations of methods for measuring morality in the lab. Most research on human morality has relied on hypothetical judgments but there is evidence that hypothetical judgments are poor predictors of real moral decisions. In her talk she will describe newly developed methods for quantifying morality in the lab and present the results of a series of behavioral experiments investigating how people disvalue the pain of strangers relative to their own pain. These studies provide empirical data bearing on the question of whether empathy is important and necessary for morality. Professor Jesse J. Prinz is a Distinguished Professor of Philosophy and director of the Committee for Interdisciplinary Science Studies at the City University of New York. He has published over 100 articles on several topics in moral psychology, philosophy, and consciousness. His books include The Conscious Brain, Beyond Human Nature, and many others. A leading advocate of empirical approaches to philosophical questions, Prof Prinz emphasizes the role of culture and emotion in shaping human morals. Professor Molly Crockett is an Associate Professor of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford. Her pioneering work on the neural basis of altruism and morality has been published in top journals including Science and PNAS, and has been covered by the New York Times, BBC, Scientific American, and others. Prof Crockett is intrigued by how individuals reconcile multiple conflicting motives in moral decision-making, and how neuroscience can help individuals make better decisions.

An interdisciplinary discussion exploring the role of randomness and order in physics, probability, history and music. The discussion begins with a 20 minute presentation by Professor Ian Walmsley (Hooke Professor of Experimental Physics & Pro Vice Chancellor for Research, University of Oxford), followed by three c. 8 minute responses from: Professor Jonathan Cross (Professor of Musicology, University of Oxford) Professor Alison Etheridge (Professor of Probability, University of Oxford) Professor Chris Wickham (Chichele Professor of Medieval History, University of Oxford) Chaired by Professor Stephen Tuck (Director of The Oxford Research Centre in the Humanities, University of Oxford) For related videos and more information about the Humanities and Science series please visit: www.torch.ox.ac.uk/humsciox